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 CHAMBERS'S

TYMOLOGICAL DICTIONARY

OF THE

ENGLISH LANGUAGE

EDITED

By JAMES DONALD, F.R.G.S., &c

rriTOR or Chambers's 'readings in engmsh literature,' etc

w. & R. CHAMBERS
LONDON AND EDINBURGH.
1872
 Edinburgh :
printed hg W. and R. Chambers.
 PREFACE.

This Work will, it is believed, supply the want, so long felt, of a Dictionary based on
the etymological relations of words, and exhibiting the results of the latest philological
research, at a price quite within the reach of every School.

The Dictionary contains the Etymology, Pronunciation, and Meanings of Words.

The Vocabulary contains every English word, with the exception of obsolete and
very rare words, and technical terms not found in general literature. It includes,
however, all the obsolete words that occur in the Bible. Great attention has been paid
to the insertion of words in Natural History, Botany, Geology, Physics, Physiology,
and other sciences, which of late have become more commonly the subject of study in
schools. Numerous Phrases have also been introduced. Each uncompounded verb
has its participles placed after it, and its past tense when different from the past
participle, and exceptional plurals and adverbial forms arc given.
The Arrangement of the words is etymological, while the alphabetical order is
strictly preserved by means of references. Words derived from the same root, but
with different affixes, are grouped together, the first word of each group being printed
with a capital initial, and the derivatives under it with a small letter, while the groups
themselves are separated from each other by a space.
The Pronunciation is exhibited in the simplest manner possible. The correct
sound of every word is given by being written anew phonetically, thus obviating the
use of a confusing array of marks. The syllabication and accentuation have also been
carefully attended to, and different pronunciations given in cases where authorities are
' divided.
The Meanings are based on the root-ideas of the words, a plan not only logically
correct, but calculated to give increased vividness to the conception. The primary
meaning is given first (in italics), and the secondary meanings in the order of their
logical connection with the primary one, different classes of meanings being separated
by colons. The greatest care has been taken to express the meanings in the simplest
language, a feature in respect to which this Dictionary will bear favourable comparison
with any similar work.
Special attention has been paid to the definitions of the scientific and Technical
terms, which will be found fully abreast of the present state of science, while they are
expressed in the simplest language. , ,q .
vi PREFACE.
The Etymological part of the work has been prepared with the" greatest care,
and will be found to embody the very latest researches into this most interesting
subject. The derivation of every word (so far as ha been discovered) is given, each
word being traced back, step by step, to its ultimate source, and the meaning of each
foreign word distinctly told. In doubtful cases the more probable etymologies have
been inserted. Contrary to the usual practice, the etymology has been enclosed in
brackets at the end of each word, as allowing the speedier discovery of the meanings,
and being in many respects a preferable arrangement to that usually followed.
In this department full advantage has been taken" of the labours of Bopp, Pott,
Grimm, Curtius, Diez, Donaldson, Max MUUer, Latham, Gamett, Trench, Wedgwood,
and others, who have investigated the Etymology of our language, a study which of
late years has made such marked advances. The Editor begs specially to express his
obligations to Mr Wedgwood's valuable Dictionary of English Etymology, lately com
pleteda work which no student of Etymology should be without.
A copious list of Prefixes and Affixes, with their signification, derivation, and
affinities, as far as ascertained, has been appended to the work.

It is confidently hoped that this Dictionary will be found not only eminently suitable
for general educational and practical purposes, but also peculiarly adapted for assisting
in the higher philological study of the English language in advanced classes.
The Editor has much satisfaction in expressing his obligations to Henry Weir,
Esq., M.A, Caius College, Cambridge, Classical Master in the Edinburgh Academy,
for his assistance in the etymological portion of the work ; and to William Jolly,
Esq., Head English Master, George Watson's Hospital, Edinburgh, for his co-operatiou
in the revision of the whole work, and for many valuable suggestions.
J. D.
August 1867.

NOTE TO THE PRESENT EDITION.

The numerous reprints of this work that have been called for have been taken
advantage of for the correction of such inaccuracies in the text as have been pointed
out In this edition the obsolete and rare words in The Apocrypha, The Book op
Common Prayer, and The Scotch Metrical Version of the Psalms have
been inserted, and a Glossary of the obsolete and rare words and meanings in
Milton's Poetical Works, and other additions, have been given at the end,
 EXPLANATIONS TO THE STUDENT.

The Arrangement of the Words.Every word is given in its alphabetical

place, printed in Clarendon, and there its meanings, &c will generally be found. In
certain cases, however, the word is referred to another, under which it is explained in
its relation to words derived from the same root. Participles are always placed after
their verbs, and adverbs, generally after their adjectives. When a word stands after
another, with no meaning given, its meanings can be at once formed from those of
the latter, by adding the signification of the affix: thus the meanings of darkness
are obtained by prefixing the meaning of nesa, state ofbeing, to those of dark.
The Pronunciation The Pronunciation is given immediately after each word,
by the word being spelled anew. In this new spelling, every consonant used has its
ordinary unvarying sound, none being employed having more than one sound. The same
sounds are always represented by the same letters, no matter how varied their actual
spelling in the language. No consonant used has any mark attached to it, with the
one exception of th, which is printed in common letters when sounded as in thick, but
in italics when sounded as in Men. Unmarked vowels have always their short sounds,
as in lad, led, lid, lot, but, book. The marked vowels are shewn in the following line,
which is printed at the bottom of each page
fate, fir ; mC, her : mine ; mote ; mQte ; mGDn.
Where more than one pronunciation of a word is given, that which is placed first is the
more accepted.
The Spelling.When more than one form of a word is given, that which is placed
first is the more usual spelling.
The Meanings.The primary meaning of every word is given first, in italics.
The word literally (lit) before a meaning, signifies that that is the meaning according
to the letter, though it is not now, and may never have been, in use in the language ;
the word originally (orig.), that the meaning following once existed, though now
obsolete.
The other meanings are arranged in the order of their connection with the root idea,
those nearer the literal meaning being placed first ; and they are classified in groups,
separated by colons.
In Bn before a meaning, signifies that it is used in the Bible in that special sense,
though it does not imply that the other meanings of the word may not also be used
there.
Via EXPLANATIONS TO THE STUDENT.
The Etymology.The Etymology of each word is given after the meanings,
within brackets. Where further information regarding a word is given elsewhere, it is
so indicated by a reference. When no etymology follows a word, this implies that its
derivation is given above, under the chief word of which it is a derivative. Where the
etymology of a word is doubtful, different opinions are given ; and where unknown, a
query [!] is affixed. Under each word, the prefixes with their meanings are always
stated, but not the affixes, although the force of the latter is always given under the
literal meaning. A full list of Prefixes and Affixes, with their significations and roots,
will be found in the Appendix.
** The student is recommended at once to master the following list of abbreviations
occurring in the work, which will be found to suggest their own meaning.

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS.
according. gram geometry. Pat., ..past
accusative. gram grammar. paint. . . painting.
ndj adjective. gttn gunnery. ..perfect.
aav. adverb. fur heraldry. perh.. . .perhaps,
esgri agriculture. kort horticulture. .person
anat anatomy. inf. infinitive. Phil philosophy.
arch ..s architecture. int interjection. Pi plural
astr astronomy. inten intensive. Poet poetical.
B Bible. jew jewellery. Pr. Bk Book of Common
book-k book-keeping. lit literally. Prayer.
bot. botany. mas, masculine. prP present participle.
chem chemistry. matA mathematics. Prep preposition.
comf comparative. meek mechanics. prts present
conj conjunction. med medicine. print printing.
conn connected. min mineralogy. Priv privative.
contr contraction. mus music. Prob probably.
corr corruption. myth mythology. Pron pronoun.
crystal crystallography. n noun. prov provincial.
dun diminutive. nat. hist natural history. rhet rhetoric.
**P especially. naut nautical. tig signifying.
etjrm etymology. tug negative. *tng singular.
Jem feminine. obs obsolete. super/ superlative.
fig figuratively. orig originally. term termination.
fort fortification. opt optics. tluol theology.
/r<Y frequentative, / participle. v.i verb intransitive
gen genitive. / past participle. v.t verb transitive,
geol geology. pass. passive. tool zoology. *

Ar Arabic. Goth. Gothic Pers Persian.

A.S Anglo-Saxon. Gr Greek. Port Portuguese.
Bar Bavarian. Heb Hebrew. Prov Provencal.
Bohem Bohemian. Hind Hindustani. Russ. Russian.
Bret Breton. Hun Hungarian. Sans Sanscrit.
D Dutch. Ice Icelandic. Scot Scottish-
Dan. Danish. Ir Irish. Slav Slavonic.
E English. It Italian. Sp Spanish.
Finn Finnish. L Latin. Sw Swedish.
Flem Flemish. Lang Languedoc Teut. Teutonic
Fr French. Lapp Lapland. Turk Turkish.
Frisian. Neap Neapolitan. W Welsh.
Gaelic. Norm Norman. Wal WaJ
Norw Norwegian. WalL
 CHAMBERS'S

ETYMOLOGICAL DICTIONARY

OF THE

ENGLISH LANGUAGE.

abhorring
A, the indefinite article, is a contraction of An, abbess, ab'es, ., thefemale superior ofa nunnery,
u>cd before words beginning with the sound of abbey, ab'c, n. a monastery presided over by an
a consonant. abbot t the church attached to it :fl. abb'eys.
Aback, a-bale', adv., on the back; backwards: by Abbreviate, ab-br'vi-at, v.t, to make brief or
surprise. [A.S. on-bac, on or at the back.] short :pr.p. abbreviating ; pa.p. abbreviated.
Abacas, ab'a-kus, n, a counting-frame or table; in [L. abbrevio, -atumab, inten., brevis, short.]
arch., the uppermost division ofa column. [L. ; Gr. abbreviation, ab-brS-vi-a'shun, ., a shortening; a
abajc, abakos, a board or table for reckoning on.] part of a word put for the whole,
Abaft, a-baft', adv. or Prep. , on the a/t or hind part abbrtviator, ab-brc^vi-a-tor, n., one whoabbreviates.
of a ship; behind. [A.S. on, and baftan {be- Abdicate, at/di-kSt, v.t. or i. lit. to proclaim one's
aftan), after, behind.] See Aft. self removed from a thing ; to give up : -to aban
a-ban'dun, v.t. orig. to place at the ab, don '.pr.p. abdicating ; pa.p. ab'dicatcd. [L.
;e command of a person, henceto re- abdication, from, dico, dicatus, to proclaim.]
ab-di-ka'shun, ., act ofabdicating: the
up ; to :forsake
all claim:/*/.
to theaban'doning
thing so placed ; toaban'-
; P^.p. give renunciation of an office or of supreme power.
doned {'dund). [Fr. abandonnerold Fr. bandon, Abdomen, ab-do'men, n. lowerpart ofthe belly. [L.]
commandTeut. ban, proclamation. Sec Ban. J abdominal, ab-dom'in-al, abdominous, ab-dom'in-us,
abandoned, a-han'dund, adj. ,given up : very wicked, adj., pertaining to the abdomen.
abudoszaent, a-bon'dun-ment, n., act of abandon' Abdnce, ab-dus', v.t., to draw a?oayfrom :Pr.p.
ing: state of being given up. abduVing ; Pa.p. abduced'. [ L. ab, from, duco,
Abase, a-bas', v.t., to bring low; to cast down : ductus, to draw.]
pr.p. abaVing : Pa.p. abased'. [Fr. abaisser, to abduction, ab-duk'shun, ., act of carrying away,
bring low, from bos, low.] See Base, especially, of a person by fraud or force.
abasement, a-baVment, act oj'bringing low: state Abed, a-bed', adv., in bed, (A.S. on~bed.]
of being brought low. Aberrant, ab-er'rant, adj., wanderingfrom. [L.
Abash, a-bash', v.t., to confuse with shame \pr.f. aberrans, ~antisab, from, crro, to wander.]
abashing ; Pa.p. abashed', [old Fr. esbahtr, aberration, ab-er-ri'shun, n., a wandering.
esbakissant, to set agape, to confoundbaer, to Abet, a-bet', v.t., to set on ; to incite by encourage
gape, from ba, the most natural sound on open ment, or aid (used chiefly in a bad sense) '.pr.p.
ing the lips.] abctr/ing ; Pa.p. abett'ed. [old Fr. abetter, from
Abate, a-bar*, v.t., to beat down ; to lessen.T'.f". to bet I the cry used in setting dogs on their prey.]
grow less :pr.p. abating: pa.p. abar/ed. [Fr. abettor, a-bcttor, one who abets.
abattre, to beat downbattre, to beat.] Sec Abeyance, a-ba'ans, n. lit. expectation; a state of
Baal
abatement, a-bat'ment, n.t the act of abating; the suspension, [old Fr. abayer, to listen with the
mouth openbaer, to gape. See Abaah. J
sum or quantity abated.
abattoir, a-ba-twaV, n. a slaughter-house. [Fr. end with terror ; tolit.shrinkfrom
Abhor, ab-hoK, v.t. to have the hair stand on
with horror; to
abattre, to beat or knock down.]
Abba, ab'a, n. in the Chaldee and Syriac lan Pa.p. abhorred'. [L. loathe
hate extremely ; to
ab,
\pr.p. abhorr'ing ;
from, horreo, to stand
guages, afather; figuratively, a superior. on end.]
abbot, at/ut, the/ather or head of an abbey. abhorrence, ab-hor'rens, n. extreme hatred,
fern. abbW [L. abbas, abbatisAhbm]
abbacy, ab a-si, the office, rights, and privileges abhorrent, ab-horVcnt, adj., abhorring; hating:
contrary.adv. abhor rently,
ofan abbot. abhorring, ab-hor'ring, . object of abhorrence.
fite, far ; me, her ; mine ; mote ; mute ; mOon ; Men.
 Abide Abstain
Abide, a-bTd', v./., to bide or wait for : to endure. 1 abundant, a-bund'ant, adj. plentiful ; ample ; copi
v.i, to dwell or stay spr.p. abiding ; and ous.adv. abund antly.
pa.t. abode'. [A.S. bidan, to wait ; old E. abic, About, a-bout', prep, round on the out side ; around ;
from old Fr. baer, to cape.] See Abanh. near to : concerning : engaged in.adv. nearly;
abiding, a-bld'ing, adj. fixed. continuance. here and there ; circuitously. [A.S. abutan#*r#
abode, a-bod', n. a dwelling-place ; stay. be, by, utan, outward.]
Ability. See under Able. Above, a-buv7, prep., on the up side ; higher than ;
Abject, ab'jekt, adj., cast away; mean : worthless. more than.adv. overhead ; in a higher position.
adv. abjectly. [L. abjectusabjicio, -jectum, [A.S. abttfanon, be, by, ufan, high, upwards.]
to cast awayab, away, jacio, to throw.] Abrade, a-brad', v.t., to rub or wear off:pr.p.
abjection, ab-jek'shun, abjectntss, ab'jckt-ncs, ., a' abrading ; abrad'ed. [L. ab, from, off, radof
mean ab'jekts,
or low state
abjects, n.pl.,; baseness, rasus, toa-bruzhun,
in persons of the lowest abrasion, scratch or.,rub.]
the act ofrubbing off.
condition. Abreast, a-brest', adv. with the breasts in a line ;
Abjure, ab-j6or\ v.t., to sivear away from ; to re side by side. [A.S. a for on, and breost.]
nounce on oath or solemnly '.pr.p. abjuring;
Pa.p. abjured'. [L. ab, from, jure, to swear.] Abridge, a-brij', v.t. to make briffox short ',fr.p.
abridging ; pa.p. abridged'. [Fr. abrfger; Prov. '
abjuration, ab-jGDr-a'shun, . solemn renunciation. abbreujarL. abbrevio, -are. See Abbreviate.]
Ablative, ab'la-tiv, adj., that takes away.n. the abridgment, a-brij'ment, n. contraction ; summary.
name of the 6th case of a Latin noun. (L. abla- Abroad, a-brawd, adv. with a broad space between :
tivusab, from,fcro, latus, to take away.] out ofdoors ; in another country. [A. S. on, brad.]
Ablaze, a-bl."iz', adv., in a blaze ; on fire. Abrogate, ab'rO-gat, v.t. orig. lo ash permissionfrom
Able, a^bl, adj., having strength or power : skilful. the people to do away with a law ; to repeal ; to
adv. a'bly. [L. habitiskabeo, to have.] annul :pr.p. ab'rGguting ; pa.p. ab'rOgated. [L.
ability, a-bil'i-ti, . power; skill.//. abilities, the ab, from, rogo, rogatus, to ask.]
powers of the mind. abrogation, ab-r0-g5 shun, ., the act ofrepealing.
Ablution, ab-lu'shun, n., act ofwashing; the liquid Abrupt, ab-rupt', adj., broken off; craggy; sudden ;
used. [L. ab, from, luo, latum, to wash.] unexpected.adv. abruptly.n. abruptness. [L.
Ably, itlili, adv. , in an able manner. See Able. abruptusab, from, rum/v, to break.]
Abnegate, ab'ne-gat, v.t., to deny:Pr.p. ab'nCgat- Abscess, ab'scs, n.t thegoing away or gathering of
ing : /<*/ abnegated. [L. abnego, -negatus matter into some part of the body. [L, abscessus
ab, from, nego = nec-aio, not to say ay or yes to.] abs, away, cedo, cessum, to go.]
abnegation, ab-ue-ga'shun, n., denial; renunciation. Abscind, ab-sind', v.t., to cut off:pr.p. abscind'-
Abnormal, ab-nor'mal, adj. , awayfrom ride; irre iug ; Pa.p. absctnd'ed. [L. ab, off, scindo, to cut.]
gular. [L. ab, away from, norma, a rule.] Abscond, ab-skond', v.i. lit. to hide from view ; to
Aboard, a-bflrd', adv. orPref>., on board; in a ship; withdraw one's self:/r./. absconding; pa.p.
in; with. [A.S. on-bord.] Sue Board. abscond'ed. [L. abs, from, condo, to hide.]
Abode. See under Abide. Absent, ab'sent, adj., being awayfrom; not pre
Abolish, a-bol'ish, v.t. lit to stop a thingfromgrow sent ; inattentive. [L. aos, away from, ens, entis,
ing; to put an end to ; to annul '.pr.p. abolish being, from sum, to be.]
ing : fa.p. abolished. [Fr. aboltr; L. aboleo% absent, ab-sent', v. t. to withdraw one's self; to keep
aoolthtmab, from, olo, oho, olesco, to crow.] away:fr.p. absenting; pa.i>. absent'ed.
abolition, ab-o-bsh'un, ., the act of abolisliingi atnence, absens, n., the state ofoeing absent ; want ;
the state of being abolished. inattention.
abolitionist, ab-6-lish'un-ist, n.$ one who seeks to absentee, ab-sen-tc', n., one who absents himself;
abolish anything, especially slavery. a landowner who lives and spends his money out
Abominate, a-bom'in-at, v.t. lit. to turn from as of his country.. absenteeism, ab-sen-iS'izm.
ominous ; to abhor ; to detest extremely 'pr.p. Absolve, ab-zolv', v.t., to loose or set (me from; to
abominating; pa.p. abominated. \\*. abominor, pardon: to acquit absolving; Pa.p. ab
abominatusab, from, omen,ominis,% portent,) solved'. [L. ab, from, solvo, solutum, to loose.]
abomination, a-bom-in-ii'shun, . extreme hatred : absolute, ab'so-lttt, adj. free ; complete : unlimited ;
anything abominable. certain.adv. ab'aolutely.n. absoluteness. f
abominable, a-bom'i-na-bl, adj. hateful, detestable. absolution, ab-sO-lu'shun, n. release from punish- J
adv. abom inably.n. abom'inableneas. ment; acquittal; remission of sins,
Aboriginal, ab-O-rij'in-ez, .//. the original inhabit absolutism, ab'sO-lut-izm, n., tlie state or principles !
ofabsolute government.
ants of a country [L. ;ab, from, origo, orig- absolutory, ab-sol'u-tor-i, absolvatory, ab-zolvVtor-i,
inis, originorior, to rise.]
aboriginal, ab-O-rijln-al, adj. first, primitive. adj., that absolves.
Abortion, a-bor'shun, ., an untimely birth ; any Absorb, ab-sorb', V.t., to suck infrom ; to swallow
up; to engage whdily absorbing; pa.p.
thing th*t does not reach maturity. [L. abertic, absorbed'.
from aboHarab, from, orior, ortus, to rise.) absorbable, ab-snrb'a-bl, [L. ab. from, sorbeo, to suck in.]
abortive, .a-bor'tiv, adj., bom untimely; unsuc n. absorbability, adj., tliat may be absorbed.
cessful. adv. abor'tiTsly.tt. abor'tlveness.
Abound, a-bound', V.i. to flow over as wave after absorbent, ab-sorb'ent, adj., imbibing; swallowing.
n. that which absorbs,
wave,; to be, or to possess in great plenty : absorption, ab-sorp'shun, the act of absorbing;
Pr.p. abounding; pa.p. abound'ed. [L. abundo entire occupation of mind,
ab, from, unda, a wave.]
abundance, a-bund'ans, ., state of abounding- Abstain, ab-suln', v.i., adj.,
absorptive, ab-sorp'uv, havingpower to absorb.
to field or refrain from:
ample sufficiency ; great plenty.
Cite, far; mE, her; mine; mote; mute ; mCOn ; then.
 abstinence
abstaining; Pa.p. abstained'. [L. ab-
-abs, from, teneo, to hold.]
, absii-nens, . , / refrainingfrom, espe
cially from some indulgence, as food, drink, &c.
ttaUnot, abs'ti-nent, adj., abstainingfrom ; tem-
pcratc.adv. abstinently.
Abstemious, abs-te'mi-us, lit. abstainingfrom
intoxicating liquors; temperate ; spanng in
food, drink, or enjoyments.adi>. abste raiously.
n. ab*te mlonsnesE. [L. abstemittsuAf, from,
femeturn, a strong drink : or from icneo, to hold.]
Abstinence. See under Abstain.
Abstract, abs-trakt', z'.*., *o draw awayfrom; to
separate ; to make a summary .pr.p. abstract
ing ; abstract'ed. [L. abs, away from,
trato, tractus, to draw.]
abstract, abs'trakt, n. a summary ; an abridgment
abstract, abs'trakt, adj. separate ; distinct from any
thing else : difficult : designating an attribute or
quality of an object or eventadv. abs'tractly.
n. abs'tractness.
abstracted, abs-trakred, a*ij.t abstract; absent in
mind.adv. abstractedly.n. abstract'edness.
abstraction, abs-trak'shun, ., act of abstracting ;
state of being abstracted ; absence of mind : the
operation of the mind by which certain qualities
or attributes of an object are considered apart
from the rest.
Abr.nse, abs-trCoV, adj., thrust from; hidden;
difficult to be understood.adv. abstrusely.n. accentual, ak-sent'fl-al, adj., relating to accent.
abstruaVnesi. [L. abstrususabs, from, trude,
to thrust]
Absard, ab-surd', adj. obviously unreasonable or
false, as a replyfrom one deaf.adv. absnrd'iy.
fl* absurdusab, from, surdits, deaf]
absurdity, ab-surdl-ti, abrardncat, ab-surd'nes, .,
tlte quality ofbeing absurd: anything absurd,
ant See under Abound.
m, a-buY, v.t. to takefrom the proper use of,
to pervert ; to impose upon ; to revile ; to
violate '.pr.p. abusing : Pa.p. abused'. [L. ab,
from, utor, usus, to use.]
abuse, a-bus/, n., itluse; misapplication: reproach,
abusive, a-bOslv, adj., cantatning or practising
abuse.-adv. abusively.n. abus'iveness.
Abut, a-but*, v.i. to be at the but or end :f>r.p.
abutting; pa.p. abutted. [Fr. aboutir, from
bout, the end or extremity ofanything.] Sec Bat
sbstment a-bur/ment, ., that which borders upon ;
in arch., the solid support of a bridge or arch at
the two ends or sides.
Abyss, a-bis*, n. a bottomless gulf; anything im
measurable. [Gr. a, without, byssos, bottom.]
acacia, a-ka'shi-a, n. a genus of thorny leguminous
plants with pinnate leaves, found everywhere
except in Europe ; several species produce gum.
\' ; Gx.akakiaaki, a point, from root ac, sharp.]
Acadmy, a-kad'em-i, . orig. the school of Plato ;
a higher school ; a society for the promotion of
science or art [Gr. Akademia, the name of the
garden near Athens where Plato taught ]
*<a4saaic, ak-a-demik, academical, ak-a-dem'ik-al,
&dj., ofan academy.adv. academically,
academic, ak-a-dem'ik, n. a Platonic philosopher ;
a rtudent in a college or university, \academy.
acideauelan, ak-ad-S-miahyan, a member ofan
Acsaiaaceous, ak-an-tha'she-us, adj. armed with
P^kles, as certain plants. [Gr. akantha, a
point]n. bear's
See Acacia,
a-kan'thus, breech or brank
fate, far ; mff, her ; mine ; mOte ; mute ; m&On ; Men-
Accommodate
ursine, a prickly plant ; in arch., an ornament
resembling its leaves used in the capitals of the
Corinthian and Composite orders. [Gr. akanthos.]
Accede, ak-sca", v.i., to come to; to agree to:
j>r.p. acceding ; pa.p. acced'ed. [L. accede,
acccssus, to go near toad, to, cedo, to go.]
accesa, ak-scs', orak'scs, n.,a coming to; approach :
(obs.) same as accession.
accessary, ak'scs-sar-i, same as accessory.
accessible, ak-scs'i-bl, adj. , that may be approached.
adv. accessibly.w. accessibil ity.
accession, ak-sesh'un, n., a coming to; increase.
accessory, ak'ses-sor-i, adj. additional ; contribut
ing to : aiding.. anything additional : one
who aids or gives countenance to a crime.adj.
accesso'rlal, relating to an accessory.
Accelerate, ak-sel'cr-iit, v.t. to add to the celerity
of; to make swift; to hasten:Pr.p. accel
erating ; Pa.p. accel'crated. [L. accelero, ac-
celeratusiui, to, celero, to hastenceler, swift]
acceleration, ak-sel-er-a'shun, n., a hastening.
accalerative, ak-scl er-a-tiv, adj., t/iat hastens.
Accent, ak'sent, n. modulation of the voice : stress
on a syllable or word : a mark used to direct
this stress : in poetry, language, words, or
expressions in general. [L. accentusad, and
cantus, a singing to or with, from cano, to sing.]
accent, ak-senr', v.t., to oppressor note tit* accent;
Pr.p. accenting: pa.p. acccnt'ed.
accentuate, ak-scnt'u-at, v.t., to mark or pro
nounce with accent.
Accept, ak-sept', v.t., to take to one's self; to
receive : to agree to : to promise to pay : in B.f
to receive with favour:/>r.p. accepting ; pa.p.
accented. [L. accipio, acceptumad, to, capio,
to take.]. accept er, accept or, one who accepts.
acceptable, ak-sepr/a-bl, adj., to be accepted;
pleasing: agreeable. adv. acceptably.
acceptableneat, ak-scpt'a-bl-ncs, acceptability, ak-
sept-a-bii'i-ti, ., quality ofbeing acceptable.
acceptance, ak-sept'ans, ., afavourable reception .'
an agreeing to terms : an accepted bill or note.
acceptation, ak-scp-ta'shun, ., a kind reception.
the usual meaning of a word.
Access and its derivatives. See under Accede.
Accident, ak'si-dent, . that which falls to or hap
pens ; an unforeseen orunexpected event ; chance ;
an unessential quality or property. [L. accident,
entis, falling toaccidoad, to, cado, to fall.]
accidental, ak-si-dent'al, adj. , happening by chance
or unexpectedly : not essential.. anything
not essential.adv. accldent'aily.
accidence, ak'si-dens, . the part ofgram, containing;
the accidents or changes which words undergo.
Acclaim, ak-klam', Acclamation, ak-kla-mii'shun, n.
a shout of applause uticred by a multitude. [L.
acclamatio-ad, to, clamo, clamatus, to shout.]
Acclimate, ak-kll'mat. Acclimatise, ak-klfma-tTz, v.t.
to inure to a foreign climate :pr.p. accll'miiting,
acclimatising; pa.p. accll'mated, accll'matTseu.
[L, --/. to, and Climate.]
acclimatisation, ak-kll-ma-ti-za'shun, accllmatnr*1.
ak-klT'ma-tflr, n., the act of acclimafising : the
state of being acclimatised.
Acclivity, ak-kliv'i-ti, n., a risingas a hill; steep
ness reckoned upwards. [L. acclivitasad, to,
clivus, a rising-ground.] See declivity.
Accommodate, ak-kom'mO-dit, v.t. lit to fit to an
other with just measure ; to adapt, or make suit
 accommodating
able ; to supply:-Pr.p. accom'modating ; pa.p.
accom'mOdated. [L. accommodo, accommodatus
ad, to, con, with, modus, measure.] See Mode.
accommodating, ak-kom'mo-dat-ing, adj. adapting
one's self to ; obliging.
accommodation, ak-kom-mo-da'shun, n. fitness ; ad
justment ; convenience.
Accompany, ak-kum'pa-ni, v.t. to keep company
with ; to attend.v.i. to be an associate with ; in
music, to perform the accompaniment :pr,p.
accom'panying ; Pa.p. accom'panicd. [Fr. ac-
eompagner.] See company.
accompaniment, ak-kum'pa-ni-ment, ft., that 'which
accompanies', an addition byway ofornament; in
music,thc instrumentswhich accompanythe voice.
Accomplice, ak-kom'plis, . lit. onejoined with an
other ; an associate in crime. [L. ad, to, complex,
-ids, joinedcon, together, plico, to fold.]
Accomplish, ak-kom'pHsh, v.t., tofulfil; to com
plete ; to obtain ; to adorn :^r./. accomplish
ing; Pa.p. accomplished. [Fr. accomplir; L.
complerc, to fill upcon, together, pleo, to fill.]
accomplishable, -abl, adj. that may be executed.
accomplished, ak-kom'plisht, adj., complete in ac
quirements ; elegant.
Accomplishment, ak-kom'plish-ment, ., completion:
acquirement : ornament ; elegance of manners.
Accord, ak-kord', v.t., to make cordial or agree
able ; to grant.v.i. to agree ; to be suitable :-
Pr.p. according; Pa.p. accord'ed. [Fr. ; L. ad,
to, cor, cordis, the heart.]
accord, ak-kord', n., agreement ; harmony.
accordance, ak-kord ans, n., agreement; conformity.
accordant, ak-kord'ant, adj., agreeable ; corre
sponding.adv. accordantly.
accordingly, ak-kord'ing-H, adv., agreeably. _
accordion, ak-kor'di-on, n. a small musical instru
ment with keys and a bellows.
Accost, ak-kost', v.t. lit. to go up to the side of; to
speak first to ; to address ipr.p. accosting ; pa.p.
accosted. [Fr. accoster; L. ad, to, casta, a side.]
Accouchement, ak-kCOsh'mong, n. delivery in child-
bed. [Fr.ad, to, couche, a bed.]
accoucheur, ak-ko"5-sher\ n. a man who assists
women in childbirth.-fern, accoucheuse, ak-
kro-shez'. [Fr.]
Account, ak-kount', v.t., to count, compute, or
reckon ; tojudge, value.v.i. to give an account ;
to give a reason -Pr.p. accounting ; Pa.p.
account'ed. [Fr. compter ; L. computo, to
reckon.] See Compute.
account, ak-kount', n., a counting; statement;
value : sake.
accountable, ak-kounr/a-bl, adj., liable to account;
responsible.adv. accountably,
accountableneat, ak-kount'a-bl-nes, accountability,
ak-kount-a-bill-ti, n., liability to give account.
accountant, ak-kount'ant, ., one who keeps or is
skilled in accounts.n. account'aatshlp.
Accoutre, ak-kTO'tcr, v.t., to dress; to furnish with
dress or equipments, especially those ofa soldier :
Pr.p. accoutring ; Pa.p. accou'tred. [Fr. ac-
coutrer; old Fr. accoustrercoustre L..cusfos,
a keepei (of sacred vestments), or from Norm.
caste, a coat,]
accoutrements, ak-k(50'ter-mcnts, n.pl., dress; mili
tary equipments.
Accredit, ak-kred'it, v.t., to give credit, authority,
or honour to; to procure credit or honour for :
Pr.p. accrediting ; Pa.p. accredited. [Fr. accre-
diterL. ad, to, credo, creditus, to give trust.]
fate, far ; m, her ; mine ;
4
Achromatic
Accretion, ak-kre'shun, n. , a growing to ; increase.
[L. accretioad, to, cresco, errtus, to grow.]
accretive, ak-krfi'tiv, adj., increasing by growth.
Accrue, ak-krCo', v.i., to grow to; to arise from; to
come to :pr.p. accrfl ing ; pa.p. accrued'. [Fr.
accrottre, accruL. ad, to, cresco, to grow.]
Accumbent, ak-kumtjent, adj., lyingdown or reclin
ing on a couch, as the ancients at their meals.
[L. accumbens, -entisaccumbo, to lie downad,
to, cubo, orig. cumbo, to lie.]n. accum'bency.
Accumulate, ak-kQ'mu-lat, v.t., to heap or pile P;
to amass.v.i. to increase greatly :pr.p. ac
cumulating ; pa.p. accumulated. [L. accumulo,
to add to a heapad, to, cumulus, a heap.]
accumulation, ak-kQ-mQ-U'shun, n., a heaping up;
a heap, mass, or pile.
accumulative, ak-ku'mu-la-tiv, adj., that accumu
lates.adv. aceu'mulativsly.
Accurate, akTcfl-rat, adj. done with care; without
defect or error.-adv. ac curately. [L. accuratus
ad, to, euro, care.]
accurateness, akTcQ-rat-nes, accuracy, ak'ku-ra-si, n.
correctness ; exactness.
Accursed, ak-kurs'ed, adj. subjected to a curse;
doomed : extremely wicked. [A.S. a, andcursian,
to curse.] See Curse.
Accuse, ak-kfiz', v.t. to bring a cause or charge
against a person :Pr.p. accusing ; Pa.p. ac-
cQsed'. [L. accusoad, to, causa, cause.]
accusable, ak-kuz'a-bl, adj., that may be accused.
accusation, ak-ku-za'shun, n., the act ofaccusing:
the charge brought against any one.
accusative, &-Y&x!a-iiv, adj., accusing.n. \ngram
mar, the case of a noun on which the action of a
verb falls (in English, the objective).
accusatory, ak-kuVa-tor-i, adj., containing accusa
tion.
accuser, ak-kflz'er, n., one who accuses.
Accustom, ak-kus'tum, v.t. to make familiar by cus
tom ; to form a habit by practice :pr.p. accus
toming : Pa.p. accus'tomed. [Fr. accoutumer
ad, to, coutume, coustume, habit.] See Custom.
accustomed, ak-kus'tumd, adj. usual ; frequent.
Ace, as, n. the one of cards and dice. [L. as, a one.]
Acephalous, a-sef al-us, adj. , without a head. [Gr.
/t, without, kephali, the head.]
Acerbity, a-seriii-ti, n., sharpness ; sourness ; harsh
ness ; severity. [L. acerbus, harsh to the taste
acer, sharp, from root ac, sharp.]
Acescent, a.-scs'exil,adj.,turningsour..acea'cence,
a tendency to sourness. [I* acescens, -entisaccs-
co, to turn souraceo, to be sourroot ac, sharp.]
acetic, a-sfi'tik, or a-set'ik, adj., of vinegar; sour.
[L. aceturn, .vinegaraceo, to be sour.]
acetify, a-se"'ti-fT, or a-set'i-fl, v.t. or i., to turn into
vinegar:pr.p. act'ifying ; pa.p. acetified. [L.
aceturn, vinegar, andfacio, to make.]
acetose, as-i-tus', acetous, a-se'tus, adj., sour, acetic.
Ache, ak, n. a continued pain.v.i. to be in con
tinued pain \pr.p. aching : Pa.p. ached'. [A.S.
ece, ace, pain ; Gr. achos; from ach I the natural
cry of pain.]n. ach'ing.
Achieve, a-cheV, v.t., to bring to a head or end ; to
perform ; to accomplish :Pr.p. achieving ; Pa.p.
achieved'. [Fr. acheverchef,the head. ] See Chief.
achievable, a-cheVa-bl, adj., that may be achieved.
achievement, a-cheVment, n. performance; an ex
ploit : an escutcheon.
Achromatic, ak-rO-matik, adj., colourless; prevent
ive of colour. [Gr. a, without, chrSma, colour.]
mOte; mute; mOOn ; Men.
 Acicular
Acicular, a-sil'fi-lar, adj. shaped like a needle. [L.
acicula, a small pinacus, a needleroot ac,
sharp.]
Add, asld, adj., sharp; sour.n. a sour substance ;
in chevn., a substance capable of uniting with
others and forming salts. [L. acidus, sharp, from
aero, to be sourroot ac, sharp. ]
acidity, a-sidl-ti, n., sourness; sharpness.
acidify, a-sidl-fT, v.t. , to make acid:pr.p. acidify
ing; Pa.p. acidified. [L. acidus,facio, to make.]
acidiaabto, a-sidl-fI-a-bl, adj., that maybeacidified.
acidulate, a-sid'G-lat, v.t., to make slightly acid:
pr.p. acid'Glating ; Pa.p. acid ulated. [L. acid-
ulus, a little sour.]
acidulous, a-sid'fi-lus, adj., slightly sour.
Acknowledge, ak-nolej, v.t. to own the know
ledge of ; to admit ; to recognise ; to confess :
prTp. acknowledging ; pa. p. acknowledged.
[A.S. a, and Knowledge.]
acknowledgment, ak-nol cj-ment, ., the owning of
a thing ; recognition : thanks : a receipt.
Acne, ak'me", . the highestpoint; the crisis. [Gr.
akmiaki, a point, from root ac, sharp.]
Acolyte, ak'o-lTt, n., a follower or servitor in the
Romish Church. [Gr. akolouthos, a follower.]
Aconite, akVnlt, n. the plant monk'shood or wolfs-
bane : poison. [L. aconituni ; Gr. akoniton.]
Aeon, iTcorn, n. the fruit ofthe oak. [A.S. a:cem,
from av, an oakafterwards adapted to the
notion of oak-corn.]
Acotrtedon, a-ko-til-6'dun, n. a plant without coty
ledons or seed-lobes. [Gr. a, without, and Ooty-
l*don. \adj. acotyle donous
Acoustic, a-kous'tik, adj., relating to /tearing, or
to sound.a-kousrtiks,
acoustics, [Gr. akoustikos,
., thefrom akouo,oftosound;
science hear.]
remedies for deafness.
Acquaint, ak-kwant', v.t. to make known to one ;
to make familiar with; to inform:/?-./, ac-
Juaint'ing ; pa.p. acquainted, [old Fr. accointtr,
rom L. cognitus, known ; or from Ger. kund
kennen, to knowroot gna, to know.]
acquaint, ak-kwiint', in Scot. V. Ps. = acquainted,
acquaintance, ak-kwanrans, n. familiar knowledge ;
a person whom we know.. acquaint'anceship.
Acqulescs, ak-kwft-es', v.t., to rest satisfied with;
to comply; to assent :Pr.p. acquiescing; /a./,
acquiesced'. [L. acquiesce, to come to a state of
restad, to, quiesco, to rest,
adj. from
easyquies, rest.]
acquiescent, ak-kwe-es'ent, ; submitting,
acquiescence, ak-kwe-es'ens, ., quiet assent ; com
pliance.
Acquire, ak-kwlK, v.t. to gain something sought;
to attain:Pr.p. acquiring; Pa.p. acquired'.
\L. acquiro, -quisitumad, to, quaero, to seek.]
acquirable, ak-kwlr a-bl, adj. , that may be acquired.
ciulresnent, ak-kwlrlnent, n., the act of acquir
ing: that which is acquired.
acquisition, ak-kwi-zish'un, n., acquirement.
acquisitive, ak-kwizlt-iv, adj., anxious to acquire.
acquisitiveness, ak-kwiilt-iv-ncs, ., the desire to
acquire.
Acquit, ak-kwit', v.t. to givequt'etto; toset at rest;
to quit hold of; to set free; to release :/r./.
acquitting ; pa.p. acquitt ed. [Fr. acquitter, to
et at rest respecting some claimL. ad, to,
quietus, at rest.]
acquitui,ak-k wir'al, n. discharge from an accusation,
^quittance, ak-kwit'ans, . discharge from a debt.
Aera, ATccr, n. lit. afield; a measure of land con-
fate, far; mc, her; mine;
Add
tabling 4840 square yards. [A.S. arcer, a field *,
L. ager; Gr. agros.]
acreage, aker-aj, ., the acres in a piece of land.
Acrid, ak'rid, adj., sharp; bitter; hot or biting to
the taste. [L. acer, acris, sharprootac, sharp.]
acridness, ak'rid-nes, acridity, ak-ridl-ti, acritude,
ak'ri-tQd, n.t a sharp, bitter, pungent quality.
acrimony, ak'ri-mun-i, ., a biting sharpness ; bit
terness of feeling or language. [L. acrimonia,
from acer.]
acrimonious, ak-ri-mcYni-us, adj., acrid; fig., severe,
sarcastic. adv. acrimo'nioualy.
Acrobat, ak'ro-bat, n. lit. one who walks on high ;
a rope-dancer; a tumbler; a vaulter.adj.,
acrobatic. [Gr. akrobated, to walk on high
akros, highest, Baind, to walk.]
Acropolis, a-krop'o-lis, . the highest part of a city ;
a citadel, particularly that ofAthens. [Gr. akros,
highest, polls, a city.]
Across, a-kros',/w/. or adv., cross-wise ; from side
to side. [A.S. a, at or on, and Onus.]
Acrostic, a-kros'tik, n. a poem of which the end
or first letters of the lines spell some name. [Gr.
akrostichisakros, the end, stichos, a line.]
Act, akt, v.t., toput in motion; to be in action;
to behave one's self.v.t. toperform ; to imitate;:
pr.p. acting ; Pa.p. act'ed.n. something done
or doing ; a deed or exploit : a law : a part of a
play. [L. ago, actum, to 'tit in motion ; Gr. agd.]
acting, aktlng, n.t action? the act of performing
an assumed or a dramatic part.
action, ak'shun, ., state ofacting; a deed ; opera
tion ; gesture : agency : a battle : a lawsuit.
actionable, ak'shun-a-bl, adj. liable to a lawsuit.
active, ak'tiv, adj., that acts; busy; nimble; quick.
adv. ac'tively. [L. activus.)
activity, ak-tivl-ti, ., quality ofbeing active.
actor, ak'tur, n., one who acts; a stage player.
actress, ak'trcs, n., afemale stage-player.
actual, ak'tfl-al, adj. real or existing.adv. ac'-
tuaUy.. actuality. [L. actualis.]
actuary, ak'tu-ar-i, v. one who makes the calcula
tions connected with the business of an insurance
office. [L. actuart'us.]
actuate, ak'tCi-at, v. t. , to put into or incite to action :
Pr.p. ac'tuating; pa.p. actuated, [from Act.]
Acumen, a-kQ'men, ., a s/tarp point; quickness of
perception; penetration. [L. from acuo, to sharpen;
Gr. akc, a point, from the root ac, sharp.]
acuminated, a-ku'min-iit-ed, adj., sharpened to a
Point.
acute, a-kut', adj. , ending"in apoint ; sharp : keen ;
shrewd: highly sensitive.adv. acutely. [L.
acutusacuo, from root ac, sharp.]
acuteneu, a-kut'nes, ., sharpness, quickness.
Adage, ad'aj, n. an old saying; a proverb. [L.
adagiumprob. ad, to, agendum, from ago, to
actsomething to be acted upon.]
Adamant, ad'a-mant, ., that which cannot be
broken; a very hard stone; the diamond. [L.
and Gr. adamasa, not, damad, to break.]adj.
adamantine ('in), made of, or like adamant.
Adapt, a-dapt', v.t. to make apt or fit :pr.p.
adapting ; Pa.p. adapted. [L. ad, to, apto, to fit.]
adaptable, a-dapt'a-bl, adj., that may be adapted.
n. adaptability,
adaptation, a-dap-ta'shun, ., the act of making
suitable : the state of being suitable ; fitness.
Add, ad, v.t. , toput together; to increase ; to sum up :
Pr.p. adding./a./, add'ed. [L. ad, to, do, to put.]
mOte ; mute ; mOTn ; Men.
5
 addendum
addendum, ad-den'dum, ., a thing to be added; an
appendix.^/, adden'da. [L.J
addition, ad-dish'un, the act of adding: the
thing added : the rule in arithmetic for adding
sums together. [L. additio, from ad, do.]
additional, ad-dish'un-al, adj., that is added.
Adder, ad'er, n. a poisonous serpent. [A.S. attor,
poison, an adder ; or na'ddre, an adder.]
Addict, ad-dikt', v.t. orig. to give assent to ; to give
one's self up to (generally in a bad sense) :~pr.p.
addicting; pa.p. addicred. [L. addicoad, to,
dico, dictum, to declare.]. addict'edness.
Addle, ad'dl, Addled, ad'dld, adj., diseased; putrid :
barren, empty. [A.S. adl.\
Address, ad-dres*, v.t., to direct to ; to prepare one's
self for ; to speak or write to ; to court '.pr.p.
addressing ; pa.p. addressed'.-n. application :
speech: manners: dexterity: direction ofaletter.
pi. address'**, courtship. [Fr. adresser L.
ad, to, and dirigo, directus, to direct.] See Dress.
Adduce, ad-dus', v.t., to bring forward: to cite or
quote :Pr.p. adducing ; /<*./. adduced'. [L. ad-
duco, to lead or bring toad, to, duco, to lead.]
adducible, ad-Uus'i-bl, adj., that may be adduced.
Adept, ad'ept, n. one who is apt or has attained
proficiency. [L. adipiscor, adeptus, to attain.]
Adequate, ad'C-kwat, adj., equal to; proportionate ;
sufficient.adv. adequately. [L. ada-quatus
adojquo, to make equal toad, to, a-quus, equal.]
adequacy, ad'C-kwa-si, ., state ofbeing adequate.
Adhere, ad-heV, vd., to stick to; to remain fixed
or attached :pr-p- adhering ; Pa.p. adhered'.
[L. dd/uxreoad, to, furrro, hcesum, to stick.]
adherence, ad-heVens, #., state 0/adhering ; steady
attachment.
adherent, ad-hcVcnt, adj., sticking to ; united with.
*. one who adheres ; a follower ; a partisan.
adhesion, ad-he^hun, ., a sticking to; adherence.
adhesive, ad-hfi'siv, adj., sticky ; tenacious.adv.
adhesively.n. adhe slvenoss.
Adieu, a-du', adv. (I commend you) to Gfd; fare
well.n. a farewell. [Fr. a Dieu, to God.]
Adipose, ad'i-pOs, adj., fatty, [low L. adifosus
adeps, fat.]
Adit, ad'it, ., agoingto ; an opening orpassage, esp.
into a mine. [L. adituzati, to, eo, itum, to go.]
Adjacent, ad-ja'scnt, adj., lying near to; con
tiguous.adv. adjacently. [L. adjacens, -cutis
adjaceo, to lie nearad, to, jaceo, to lie.]
adjacency, ad-ja'scn-si, ., the state oflying close to.
Adject, ad-pekV, v.t., to cast, add, or put to:
Pr.p. adject'ing; pa.p. adjected. [L. adjicio,
adjectumad, to, jacio, to cast.]
adjective, ad'jek-tiv, . in gram., a word Put to a
noun to qualify it.adv. ad'Jectively.
Adjoin, ad-jom', v.t., tojoin to.z>.i. to lie next to.
[L. ad, to, jungo, functus, to join.]
adjunct, ad'junkt, adj., joined or added to.n. the
thing joined or added.adv. adjunct'ly.
adjunctive, ad-junk'tiv, adj. ,joining.. that which
is joined.adv. adjmncflvely.
Adjourn, ad-jurn', v.t. to put off to another day; to
postpone :Pr.p. adjotirn'ing ; Pa.p. adjourned'.
[Fr. ajoumer, from jour, a day.] See Journal,
adjournment, ad-jurn'ment, ., the act of a*tjourn-
ing ; the interval it causes.
Adjudge, ad-judj', v.t., to judge or doom to; to
decide; to sentence. [L. ad, to, and Judge.]
adjudicate, ad-j6U'di-kat, v.t., to tryjudicially; to
fate, far; me", her; mine;
6
admonitive
adjudge '.pr.p. adjQ'dicating ; pa.p. adjudi
cated. [L. ad, to, judico, -alum, to judge.]
adjudication, ad-j{JO-di-ka'shun, n., the act of ad
judging or passing sentence : the judgment or
decision of a court.
Adjunct. See under Adjoin.
Adjure, ad-jOOr7, v.t. to charge on oath or solemnly :
pr.p. adjur ing ; pa.p. adjured'. [L. ad, to,
juro, juratum, to swear.]
adjuration, ad-jOUr-a'shun, ., the act ofadjuring;
the charge or oath used.
Adjust, ad-just*, v.t. to makejust; to settle \~pr.p.
adjusting; Pa.p. adjust'ed.adj. adjustable.
[L. ad, to, justus, just.] Sec Just.
adjustment, ad-just ment, ., the act ofadjusting ;
arrangement ; settlement.
Adjutant, ad'jOo-tant, n. a military officer who
assists the major ; a large species of crane in
India. I L. adjutans, -anIis, assisting, from
adjuto adjuvoad, lo,juvo, to help.]
adjutancy, ad jfio-tan-si, ., the officeofan adjutant,
adjutor, ad-jC>o'tor, n., a helper.
Admeasurement, ad-mczh'ur-mcnt, n., the act of
measuring according to rule; dimensions; ad
justment of proportions. [L. ad, to, and measure
ment. ]
Administer, ad-min'is-ter, v.t., to minister to; to
serve ; to supply ; to conduct :pr.p. administer
ing : Pa.p. administered. [L. ad, to, ministro,
mtnistratum, to serve.] Sec Minister.
administration, ad-min-is-tr;Vshun, n., act ofadmin
istering: the power or party that administers.
administrative, ad-minis-tril-tiv, adj., that admin
isters.
administrator, ad-min-is-trn'tor, n. he who manages
the affairs of one dying without making a will.
fern, administra'trix.n. adzninistra'torship.
Admirable. See under Admire.
Admiral, ad'mi-ral, n., the commander of a fleet.
[Fr. amirai, from Ar. amir, a lord, a chief.]
admiralty, ad'mi-raJ-ti, n. a board of commissioners
for the administration of naval aifairs.
Admire, ad-mir', v.t. lit. to tvonder at; to regard
with esteem or affection :pr.p. admiring ; Pa.p.
admired', [h. ad, at, miror, -atus, to wonder.]
admirable, ad'ini-ra-bl, adj., ivorthy of being ad
mired.adv. ad'mirably.n. ad'mirableness.
admiration, ad-mi-ra'shun, n., the act ofadmiring;
in B., wonder (simply),
admirer, ad-mTr'cr, n., one ivho admires; a lover,
admiringly, ad-mlring-li, adv., with admiration.
Admissible, Admission. Sec under Admit.
Admit, ad-mit', v.t., to allozv to or concede ; to let
in :pr.p. admitting ; fa.p. admitt'ed. [L. ad,
to, milto, missum, to allow to go.]
admissible, ad-misi-bl, admittable, ad-mit'a-bl, adj.,
that may be admitted.n. admissibility,
admission, ad-mish'un, admittance, ad-mit'ans, .,
act of admitting : leave to enter; a concession
in argument.
Admixture, ad-miksiflr, ,, a mixing; what is
mixed. [L. ad, to, and mixture.]
Admonish, admonish, v.t. to bring to mind ; to
warn ; to reprove mildly '.fr.p. admonishing ;
fa.f. admonished. [L. ad, to, moneo, to remind
mens, the mind, from root man, to think.]
admonition, ad-mo-nish'un, . kind reproof; conn
sel ; advice.
admonitive, ad-moni-tiv, admonitory, ad-moni-tor-i,
adj., containing admonition.
mOtc ; mute ; mOOn ; Men.
 Adnascent Advowson
A.4naccent, nd-nasVnt, adj. , growing- to or upon. [L. superiority ; benefit. [Fr. avantage, from avant,
adnascens, -entisad-, to, nascor, to grow.] before.] See Advance,
Ado, a-dOo', n. a. to do; bustle; trouble. [A.S. a, advantageous. ad-van-ta jus, adj., ofadvantage; use
dem-, to da] ful.adv. advanta'geouary.n. advanta'geousneis.
Adolescent, ad-O-les'ent, adj., growing to manhood. Advent, ad'vent, n., a coming to; the coming of
[T-. adolescent, -entis<rrf, to, olo,olesco, togrow.] Christ ; the four weeks before Christinas. [L.
adoJeacence, ad-o-les'ens, n. the period of youth. adverttus, from ad, to, venio, to come.]
Adopt, a-dopt', v.t., to choose; to take as one's own adventual, ad-ventu-al, adj., relating to Advent.
what is another's, as a child, &c. :Pr.p, adopt adventitious, ad-ven-tish'us, adj. happening ; acci
ing ; pa.p. adopt'ed. [L. tut, to, opto, to choose.] dental ; casual.adi\ adventi'tiously.
Adoption, a-dop'shun, ., the act of adopting: the Adventure, ad-venfttr, V.t. to try what is to come;
state of being adopted, to risk :pr.p. adventuring ; Pa.p. advent'flred.
adoptive, a-dop tiv, adj., that adapts or is adopted. v.t. to dare, to venture. [Fr. aventureold
Adore, a-doK, v.t., to speak to, pray to, worship, Fr. advenir, to happen ; L. ad, to, venio, to come.]
or reverence as divine ; to love intensely :Pr.p. adventure, n. a chance ; risk ; an enterprise,
adSr'ing ; pa.p. adored'. [L. ad, to, oro, oratus, idventurer, ad-ventflr-er, ., one who risks; one
to use the mouth, to prayos, oris, the mouth.J who seeks adventures,
, a-dor'er, ., one that adores; a lover. adventurous,ad-vent'Qr-us, adj. bold; daring: danger
, a-doVa-bl, adj., worthy ofbeing adored. ous.adv. advent urously.n. advent urousneu.
dor'ably.n. adorableness.
ad-o-ra'shun, n., the act of adoring; Adverb, ad'verb, n. a word used to qualify a verb,
adjective, or other adverb. [L. ad, to, verbum,
worship ; homage. a word, a verb.]
, a-dflr^ng-li, adv., with adoration. adverbial, ad-verb'i-al, adj., pertaining to an ad
a-dorn', v.t., to ornament, deck, or dress : verb.adv. adverb tally.
Pr.p. adorn'ing ; Pa.p. adorned'. [L. ad, to, Adverse, ad'vers, adj., turned against; opposed to ;
erne, to deck.] conflicting; unfortunate.adv. ad'versely. [L.
torning, a-dorn'ing, adornment, a-dorn'ment, n., advertus, from adzertoad, to, verto, to turn.]
ornament', decoration. adversary, ad'ver-sar-i, n., one who is adverse; an
Adrift, a-drift/, adj. or adv., driven; at opponent ; an enemy. [L. adversarius.)
random. [A.S. adrtfan, to drive.] adversative, ad-vers'a-tiv, adj. denoting opposition,
Adroit, a-droit', adj. going direct at the mark ; contrariety, or variety.
dexterous; skilful.adv. adroitly. [Fr. from A, L. adversity, adverseness, ad-vers'nes, ., state ofbeing adverse.
ad, to, droit* L. directus, straight. See Direct.] ad-vers'it-i, n. affliction ; misfortune.
adroitness, a-droir/nes, n. dexterity ; skill ; readiness. Advert, ad-vert', v.i., to turn or attend to; to re
Adulation, ad-Q-la'shun, n., fawning; excessive gard or observe :pr.p. adverting ; Pa.p. ad
flattery. [L. adulatio, from adulor, adulatus, to verted. [L. advertoad, to, verto, to turn.]
fawn upon as a dog.] advertent, ad-vertcnt, adj., attentive; heedful.
adulatory, ad'u-la-tor-i, adj. flattering excessively. adv. advert'estly.
Adult, a-dulr*, adj.,grown up ; mature.n. a person attentionad-vert'ens,
advertence, advertency, ad-vert'en-si, n.,
to; regard.; heedfulness.
grown up. [L. adultusctdolesco, to grow up.]
Adulterate, a-dult'er-at, v.t., to change to another Advertise, ad-ver-tlr/. v.t., to turn attention to; to
but worse state ; to corrupt or debase \pr.p. inform ; to give public notice of'fr.p. advertls'-
adulterating; pa.p. adulterated. [L. aduttern.} ing ; Pa.p. advertised'. [L. ad, to, vertot to turn.]
adulteration, a-dul-ter-a'shun, ., the act of adult advertisement, ad-vcttU-ment, n. a public notice
erating; the state of being adulterated. in a newspaper or periodical,
adultery, a-dulter-i, n. violation of the marriage- advertiser, ad-ver-tiz er n., one that advertises.
bed. [L. adulteriumadulter, an adulterer.] advertising, ad-ver-ti/ing, adj., containing or
adultere*, a-dult'er-er, . a man guilty of adultery. furnishing advertisements.
dultertae, a*<lult'er-in, adj., resultingfrom adult Advise, ad-vlz*, v. t. to tell one's views to ; to inform ;
to counsel :pr.p. advls'ing ; /a./, advised'.
ery; spurious.n. the offspring of adultery. Advise thyself, in B. = consider. [Fr.
, adj. guilty of adultery. old Fr. adviser ; L. ad, to, viso, to view-
visum, to see.]
, adj. , shado7uing out. [L. advice,
dumbro, to bring a shadow advisable,ad-vis', n. opinion ; counsel : intelligence,
ad-viz a-bl, adj. proper to be done.adv.
i a thingad, to, umbra, a shadow. )
uiumbrato, ad-unVbrat, v.t., to shadow out faintly: advisably.n, advis ableneas. (advte'edly.
P^.p. adum'brating ; pa.p. adum'brated. advised, ad-vlzd', adj. prudent; cautious. adv.
kdniobratten, ad-um-bra'shuri, ., act ofshadowing advisedness, ad-vtr'ed-nes, n. deliberate considera
forth : a faint sketch or resemblance. tion ; prudent procedure,
ad-vans', v.t. to put to the van or for- adviser, ad-vuVer, n,, one who gives advice.
: to increase ; to offer ; to pay beforehand. Advocate, ad'vo-kat, n, one called on to aid in a
v.t. to conic or go forward ; to rise in rank or suit; one who pleads the cause of another.
price '.pr.p. advanc'inc ; pa.p. advanced'. [Fr. . ad'vocateehip. [L. advocatusad, to, voce,
avancer, from avant, before, forwardL. ab, vocatum, to call.]
from, ante, before.] Sec Van. advocate, ad'vo-kat, v.t. to plead for; to defend, or
tdvaaoe, ad-vans', n.,a goingforward; an improve vindicate :pr.p. ad'vocfiting ; Pa.p. advocated,
ment ; payment beforehand ; rise in price. advocacy, ad'vo-ka-si, n. a pleading for ; defence.
ad-vans'ment, n., act of advancing; Advowson, ad-vow'mn, n. the right of calling or
', improvement, presenting to a vacant benefice, [old Fr. advocson,
ad-vant'aj, n., a state of advance; from L. advocalio.] Seei
fate, far ; mc, her ; mine ; mote , mute ; moon ; then.
f
 Adze
Adze, adz, . a cooper's axe. (AS. adesa.]
JEdilt, o'dil, same as edile, under Edify.
Aerate, a'er-at, v.t. to pot air into; to combine
with carbonic acid '.Pr.p. a'erating ; pa.p. 5'cr-
ated. [L. aer, air.] Sec Air.
Aeration, a-er-a'shun, . the act or operation of
combining with carbonic acid.
atrial, 1 (fn alr belonging to the air: con
sisting of air : high;lofty. [L. aerius, from aer.]
aeriform, a'er-i-form, adj. having the form or
nature of air. [L. aer, and forma, form.]
aerify. a'er-i-fT, v./., to/ill with air ;pr.p. a'crify-
ing ; pa.p. Verified. [L. aer, andfaeio, to make.]
aerolite, a'er-O-llt, ., a stone falling from the air;
a meteoric stone. [Gr. air, air, andlithos,astone.J
aerology, 5-er-ol'o-ji, n., a description of the air;
the science that treats of the air.adj. serolog
ical. [Gr. aer, and logos, a description.]
aerometer, a-er-om'ct-er, n. an instrument for
measuringair. [Gr. aer, and metron, a measure.]
aeronaut, a'cr-6-naut, n. one who sails in the air,
as in a balloon.adj. aeronaut'ic. [Gr. air, and
nautis, a sailor.] [sailing tn the air.
aeronautic!, a-er-O-naut'iks, n., the science or art of
aerostatic. a-er-C-stat'ik, adj., suspending in air;
pertaining to aerial sailing. [Gr. air, and statos,
placed, from
aerostatics, histemi, to cause
a-cr-O-stat'iks, to stand.]
aerostation, .'. r-" ". -
shun, ., the science ofraising, suspending, and
guiding machines in the air; aerial navigation.
aery, a form of airy.
Aerie. See Eyry.
Athetles, es-thctlks, n. the science which treats
of the beautiful in perception; the science of
taste. [Gr. aisthitikos, perceptiveaisthano-
mai, to perceive by the senses.]
sthetlc, es-thet'ik, Bathetic*!, es-thefik-al, adj.,
pertaining to aesthetics.adv. sthet'lcally.
Afar, a-faV, adv., at afar distance, [a, and Par.]
Affable, affa-bl, adj., able to be spoken to ; of easy
manners.adv. af'fably. [L. affabilis, from offer
iid, to, andfor,fari, to speak.]
affability, af-fa-bili-ti, ., quality of being affable.
Affair, af-faV, n., that which is done ; business:in
//. transactions in general ; public concerns. [Fr.
affaire, from ad, to,faire, to doh.facio.]
Affect, af-fekr*, v.t., to act upon; to move the pas
sions or feelings ; to aim at ; to assume or pre
tend to : in New Test., to pay court to : pr.p.
affect'ing ; Pa.p. affect'ed. [L. officio, affectum
ad, to,facio, to do.] [not natural or real.
affectation, af-fek-ta'shun, K. assumption of what is
affected, af-fekt'ed, adj. disposed to ; full of affec
tation.adv. affect'edly.n. affect'edneae.
affecting, af-fekt'ing, adj., having power to affect
or move the passions.adv. affect'lngly.
affection, af-fek shun, n., the state of being\id\ or
ill affected towards any one ; kindness; love.
affectioned, af-fek'shund, adj. disposed.
affectionate, af-fek'shun-3t, adj.,full of affection ;
loving.adv. affec tionately.n. affec'tlonateness,
Afflaac*,af-fT'an5,tt.,</ft;M pledged to; marriage-con
tract ; trust.v.t. to pledge faith ; to betroth :
Pr.p. affl'ancing J pa.p. affl'anccd. [ Fr.fiancer,
to betroth ; Norm. afftauHceL,. ad,fides, faith.]
Affidavit, af-fi-da'vit, n. a declaration on oath, [law
L. affidavit, he made oathad, to, fido, to trust.]
Affiliate, af-fil'i-at, v.t. to receive into a family as a
son, or into a society as a member ; in law, to
assign an illegitimate child to its father '.Pr.p.
affiliating;Pa.p. affiliated. \X..adt\oJMus,ason.\
fate, far; me, her; mine;
S
after
affiliation, af-fil-i-a'shun, n. association in the same
family or society ; the assignment by law of an
illegitimate child to its father.
Affinity, af-fin'i-ti, ., a bordering on; relation by
marriage ; connection ; attraction. [L. affinitas
ad, andfinis, a border.]
Affirm, af-ferm', v.t. to declarefirmly; to maintain
as true ; to establish.v. i. to declare solemnly :
Pr.p. affirming ; pa.p. affirmed', [h.affirmo,
affirmatum, to make firmad, andfirmot from
jfrmus, strong.] See Firm,
affirmable, af-ferma-bl, adj., that may be affirmed.
adv. afflrm'ably.
affirmation, af-ferm-ashun,., actofaffirming; that
which is affirmed ; a solemn declaration,
affirmative, af-fcrma-tiv, adj. or ., thataffirms.
adv. affirmatively.
Affix, af-fiks', v.t., tofix to 'Pr.p. affix'ing ; Pa.p.
affixed'. [L. offgoad, to,figo.fixum, to fix.]
affix, affiles, . a syllable or fixed to the end
of a word.
Afflation, af-fhYshun, n.t a breathing on, [L. afflo,
afflatum, to breathe onad, and Ho, to breathe.]
afflatus, af-tl.Vtus, n. inspiration. [L.J
Afflict, af-flikt/, v.t., to strike to the ground, to
overthrow ; to pain, distress, grieve '.pr.p.
afflicting ; pa.p. afflicted. [L. affiigo, affltctum
ad, to,Jiigo, to strike.]
affliction, af-flik'shun, n., state of being afflicted;
distress or its cause. [L. afflictio, from affligo.\
afflictive, af-flikt'iv, adj., causingpain, or distress.
Affluent, af'flo75-ent, adj.,flowing to; abounding;
wealthy.n. a stream that flows into another.
[L. affluent, -entisad, to, andfluo, to flow.]
affluence, afflOO-ens, . abundance ; wealth,
afflux, affluks, affluxion, af-fluk'shun, n., aflowing
to : that which flows to.
Afford, af-fCrd', v.t. lit. to bring to theforum or
market-place : to be able to buy or expend : to
yield or produce : to grant :pr-P- affording ;
pa.p. afford'ed. [Fr. afforer, to set a price on
L. ad, to,forum, a market-place.]
Affray, af-fra', n. a fighting which causes fear, or
makes one afraid ; a brawl; disturbance. [Fr.
effrayer, to terrify; fracas, a disturbanceL.
fragor, a crash, from frag, root of frango, to
break.] [of obsolete verb affray.}
afraid, a-frad', adj., struck withfear; timid, [/a./.
Affright, af-frTt/, v.t. to causefright to; to frighten :
Pr.p. affrighting ; Pa.p. affright'ed.adv. al-
frlght'edly. [See Fright ]
Affront, af-frunt', v.t. to meetfront tofront ; to in
sult opcnljr :pr.p. affronting ; pa.p. affront'ed.
n. open insult. [Fr. affronterL. ad, to, and
fronSffrontis, the forehead, front.]
Affusion, af-fu zhun, n.,actofPouringupon or sprink
ling. [L. affundoad, andfundofusuntttopour.}
Afloat, a-flot', adv., onfloat; floating : at sea.
Afoot, a-foot', adv., onfoot.
Afore, a-{Or,,prep. in B., before,
aforehand, a-fOrhand, adv., beforehand.
aforetime, a-fOr'tlm, adv., informer or old times.
Afraid. See under Affray.
Afresh, a-fresh', adv. anew, again, [a, and Fresh.]
African, af'ri-kan, adj., belonging to Africa.
Aft, aft, adj. or adv., behind; astern. [A.S. aft.]
after, aftfir, adj., prcA, or adv., more aft, further
behind in place or later in time ; in search of; in
imitation of: in B., according to; afterwards,
[the comparative of Aft ; A.S. after.]
mOte; mute; mOOn; Men.
 after-crop Ahead
i after-crop, afrer-krop, ., the second crop of the attack '.pr.p. aggress'ing ; /a.p. aggressed'. [L.
season. [See Crop.] aggredior, aggressusad, to, gradior, to step.]
iftemort, afYer-most, adj., most aft; hindmost. aggression, ag-gresh'un, act of aggressing; at
afternoon, aft'er-noon, after noon, the time be tack ; injury,
tween noon and evening. [See Noon.] aggressive, ag-grcs'iv, adj. making the first attack ;
after-piece, after-pes, a piect performed after a active in hostility.n. aggress'iveness.
play.
ifterwaxti, after-ward, afterwards, nft'cr-wardz, adv. Aggrieve, ag-greV, v.t. tothepersonwfojtrstattache.
*gg*vr,ag-grc&'or, n.,
bear heavily upon ; topain
later ; subsequent. [After and ward, Ger. weard, or injure '.pr.p. aggriev'ing ; pa.p. aggrieved'.
towards, in direction of.] [old Fr. agreverL. ad, to, gravis, heavy.]
Aga. "t'ga, . a Turkish commander ox chief officer. Aghast, a-gast'j adj. struck with horror, as if at a
[Per. aid, a lord.] ghost. [A.S. gaet, hre- ch, a ghost.]
Again, a-gen', adv. a second time ; once more. Agile, aj'il, adj., active; nimble ; alert. [L. agilis
[A.S. agen, ongenon, and gen, besides.] ago, to do or act]
egahut, a-genst', prep., in opposition to ; close to ; agility, a-jil'i-ti, ., quickness of'action; nimblencss.
in provision for. [A.S. ongen, opposite to.]
Agape, a-gap', adj. or adv., on the gafe; gaping; Agitate, ajl-tat, v.t, to put into action; to stir
violently; to discuss ;pr.p. ag'itating; pa.p.
staring with eagerness or wonder. [See Gape.J agitated. t [L, agitoago, to put in motion.]
Agate, ag'at. n. a precious stone, a semi-pellucid agitation,
variety of quartz. [Gr. achates, said to have being agitated.. agitator, one tvho agitates. of
aj-i-ta'shun, n., act ofagitating: state
been named from a river in Sicily, where it was Aglet, agHet, Aiglet, S'glet, n. the metal point or
found.]adj. ag'atine (-tin). tag of the lace or string by which different parts
Age, 3j, n. the whole period of life, or some part of of dress were fastened together ; a spangle. [Fr.
it : a generation of men : decline of life : a period aiguilletie,
of time: legal maturity. [Fr. Age, old Fr. edage, Agnail, ag'nal,dim. of aiguille, a needle. 1
n. an inflammation round the nail.
Prov. atge, L. ottos, amitas, from ovum; Gr. [generally given from AS. ang-nc*gclangef
aidn; Sans, ayus, long life.] pain, tupgel, a nail, but properly from ft. anguin-
agftd, a'jed, adj., advanced in age, old.n.pl. old aglia, L. inguen, -inis, the groin, aswclling in it.]
persons.
Agent, ajent, n. a person or thing that acts or Agnate, n. a
ag'nal, adj. related by the father's side.
relation by the father's side. [L. agnatus-
exerts powerto; ado.]deputy
entisago, See orAct.factor. [L. agerts, Ago,
agftascorad, nascor, to be born.]
agency, a'jen-si, ., the office or business of an thea-go', adv., gone ; past.in B., Agone. \ygone,
old past part, of the verb to go.] See Go.
agent : action. Agony, ag'o-ni, ., a violent struggle ; pain. [Gr.
Agglomerate, ag-glom'cr-at, v.t. to wind or gather agd?tia, that causes
into a ball or mass.v.i. to grow into a mass : agonise, ag'O-nTz, v.i. writhingagOn, a contest.J
to writhe in agony:Pr.p.
pr.p. agglomerating; Pa.p. agglomerated. [L. ag'Onlsing ; pa.p. ag'onTsed. [Gr. agdnizomai,
aggiomero, to wind toad, to, glomus, a ball.] to struggle againstagon.]
agglomeration, ag-glom-er-a'shun, n. a growing or agonising, ag'o-nlz-ing, adj., causing agony adv.
heaping together ; a mass. agonisingly.
Agglutinate, ag-glCo'tin-at, v.i., to glue to, or cause Agrarian, a-gra'ri-an, adj., offields or lands, or of
to adhere :pr.p. agglu'tinating ; pa.p. agglutin agrarianism. [L. agrarinsager, a field.]
ated. [L. agg/utinoad, to, gluten, glue.]
sgglutlnant, ag-glCD'tin-ant, ., that which glues to, agrarlanlsm,
lands or
a-gra'ri-an-izm, n. the equal division of
property ; the principles of those who
or causes adhesion.adj. causing adhesion.
agglutination, ag-gloo-tin-a'shun, ., act or state of approve of such division.
being united as by glue. Agree, a-gr', v.i., to be ofone mind; to accord :
agglutinative, ag-glOO tin-a-tiv, adj., tending to or pr.p. agree'ing; pa.p. agreed'. [Fr. agrier
gri, good-will; L. gratus, pleasing.]
having power to cause adhesion. agreeable, a-gre'a-bl, adj., suitable to; pleasing.
Aggrandise, ag'gran-dlz, v.t. to make grand or adv. agree'ably,
great:frp. ag'grandTsing ; Pa.p. ag'gran- agreeableness, a-grc'a-bl-nes, quality of being
dlsed. [Fr. agrandirL. ad, grandis, great.] agreeable; suitableness.
aggrandisement, ag'gran-dlz-mcnt, n., act of ag tigrtmtai,a-grS:,meat,n.,stateofagreeing; a bargain.
grandising : state of being aggrandised.
Aggravate, ag'gra-vut, 7>.t. to make heavier; to Agriculture, ag'ri-kul-tur, n. the art of cultivating
make worse ; to provoke :fr.p. aggravating ; cultivating, from coto, cultum, to cultivate.] a
fields; farming. [L. ager, a field, cultura,
PaP- aggravated. [L. aggravo, aggravatus agricultural, ag-ri-kul'tur-al, adj., ofagriculture.
ad, to, gravis, heavy.]
aggravation, ag-gra-va shun, ., the act of aggra agriculturist,
agriculture.
ag-ri-kul'tQr-ist, one skilled in
vating : state of being aggravated ; that which
aggravates. Aground, a-ground', adv., on theground; stranded.
Aggregate, ag'grc'-gat, v.t., to gather together; to Ague, a'gG, . a fever comine in sharp attacks or
accumulate into one mass :Pr.p. aggregating ; periodical fits. [Fr. aigu, sliarp ; L. acutus ; Gr.
fa p. aggregated. [L. aggrego, to bring together, ake, a point, from the root ah, sharp.]
as a flockad, to, grex, gregis, a flock.J Ah, a, int. an exclamation of surprise, pity, con
aggregate, ag'grC-ga.t, adj. formed ofparts collected. tempt, joy, &c. [Fr., L. ; Gcr ach ; Sans. A.]
an assemblage.adv. ag gregately. aha, a-ha, int. an exclamation oftriumph, surprise,
1 tggregaUon, ag-grfi-ga'shun, n., act ofaggregating; or contempt. [Gcr. aha, haha ; Sans, ahaha, aho.\
aggregate. Ahead, a-hed', adv., on head; further on; in front;
Aggress, ag-grcs', v.t. , to step towards or against ; to onward. [A.S. a, and head.] See Head.
fate, far ; me, her; mine; mOte; mute; moon; Men.
9
 Ahoy
Ahoy, a-hoy7, int. a sea term or callused in hailing,
fa form ofHo I]
Aid, ad, v.., to help, assist, support :Pr.fi. aid'ing ;
pa.p. aided.n. help ; assistance.--*^', aidless,
without aid. [Fr. aider; It. aiutare; L. ad-
jutare, adjuvaread, andjuvo, to help.]
aide-de-camp, ad'-de-kong, n. a military officer who
conveys his general's orders. [Fr., assistant
of the camp.]
All, al, v.t. to give ^ain: to trouble.-^.*", to feel
pain ; to be ill or m trouble pr.fi. aiding ; pa.p.
ailed'. [A.S. eglian, to pain or trouble.]
ailment, al'ment, n.,pain; indisposition; disease.
Aim, am, v.i. lit. to estimate ; to point or level
at ; to endeavour after.v.t. to point or level at,
as a weapon or firearm '.pr.fi. aiming ; Pa.p.
aimed', [old Fr. esmer, to purpose ; Prov. esti-
mar; L. trsttmare, to consider, reckon.]
aim, am, that which is aimed at : the pointing
of a weapon.adj. aim less, without aim.
Air, ar, ., that which blows; the atmosphere ; a
gentle breeze: a melody : the bearing of aperson.
[L. aer; Gr. airad, aSmi, to blow.]
air, ar, vd., to expose to the air, or to heat :fir.p.
airing ; Pa.p. aired'.
airing, ar'ing, ., exposure to air; a short excursion
in the open air.
airless, ar'les, adj., wanting fresh air.
airy, iir'i, a*ij., ofair: open to the air : light: gay.
adv. air'ily, in an airy manner.. airiness.
air-gun, aV-gun, n., a gun which propels bullets by
means of condensed air.
air-jacket, ar'-jak-el, ., a jacket which, being in
flated with air, will sustain a person in water.
air-pump, aY-pump, ., a pump for removing theair
from a vessel.
air-shaft, aV-shaft, n., aPassageforair'mto a mine.
air-tight, AV-tU, adj. , not admitting air.
air-vessel, ar'-vcs-sel, n. in plants, a minute spiral
tube cofttaitiing air; in insects, a tube conveying
air through the body for respiration.
Aisle, Tl, n., the tvingot side of a church ; a passage
in a church. [Fr. aisle, aile, L. ala, a wing.]
Ajar, a-jaV, adv., on the char or turn ; partly open.
[A.S. a, cirran, to turn.]
Akimbo, a-khn'bO, adv , crooked; with hand on
hip and elbow bent outward. [It. sghembo, Celt.
cam, crooked.]
Akin, a-kin', adj. , ofkin ; related by blood ; closely
resembling. [A.S. a, cyn, race.] See Kin.
Alabaster, al'a-bas-ter, n. a variety of extremely
soft marble, generally white. [Gr. alabastos,
said to be from Alabastrum in Egypt.]
Alack, a-Iak', int. an exclamation of sorrow, [per
haps a corruption of Alas.]
Alacrity, a-lak'ri-ti, liveliness; cheerful readi
ness. [L. alacritasalacer, alacris, lively.]
Aiamode, a-la-mOd', adv., according to the mode or
fashion. [Fr. a la mode.']
Alarm, a-larm', . lit. to arms; a cry or notice of
clanger; sudden surprise with fear: a mechani
cal contrivance to arouse from sleep.v.t. to
call to arms ; to give notice of danger ; to excite
fear in:fir.fi. alarming ; fia.fi. alarmed'. [Fr.
alarmeal or ad, armes, It. alP arme, to arms !]
alarmist, a-liirm'ist, one who excites alarm, or
is continually prophesying danger.
Ala*, ,'i-las', int. an exclamation of sorrow, [Fr.
kilns L. lassus, wearied.]
fate, far ; me, her ; mine ;
alibi
Alb, alb, . a vestment of white linen reaching to
the feet, worn by priests. [L. albits, white.]
Albatross, al'ba-tros, . a genus of large web-footed
sea-birds, brown on the back and white on the
belly, found in the southern seas. [Fr. albatros,
Sp. alcatraz, prob. from the Arabic]
Albeit, awl-be'it, adv., be it all; although.
Album, al'bum, n. among the Romans, a white
tablet' a book for the insertion of autographs,
portraits, extracts, &c. [L. albus, white!]
Albumen, al-bQ'men, n., the white of eggs; a like
substance found in animals and vegetables. [L.,
albus, white.]
albuminous, al-bumin-us, adj., ofor like albumen.
Alburnum, al-burn'um, n. in trees, the white and
soft parts of wood between the inner bark and
the heart-wood. [L.,albus, white.]
Alchemy, al'ki-mi, n. a pretended science, aiming
at transmuting all metals into gold. [It. al-
chimia; Ar. al-kimia, the black or Egyptian
art, from Kemia, black, the native name of
Egyptchem, Ham, black ; or from Gr. chymos,
juiceched, to pour.] See Chemistry.
alchemic, al-kcm'ik, alchemical, al-kem'ik-al, adj.,
relating to alchemy.adv. alehern'mally.
alchemist, alTcem-ist, n., one whopractisesalchemy.
Alcohol, alliO-hol,*!. pure spirit. [Ar. alkohl, the pow
der of antimony, used to blacken the eyelashes.]
alcoholic, al-ko-hol'ik, adj., ofor like alcohol.
alcoholise, afkO-hol-iz, v.t., to convert into alcohol.
Alcoran, Alkoran, the Koran. See Koran.
Alcove, alliov, or al-koV, ., a cove or recess in a
chamber ; any recess ; an arbour. [Sp. alcoba,
a place in a room railed off to hold a bed of
state ; Ar. algobbah, a vault or arch.]
Alder, awl'der, n. lit. the water-tree; a tree usu
ally growing in moist land. [A.S. air; L. almts;
Sw. al, water.]
Alderman, awl'der-man, n. lit. an elder man ; the
magistrate of a town next in rank below the
mayor. [A.S. ealdor-maneald, old.]
Ale, al, . a strong drink made from malt by fer
mentation, differing from beer in having a smaller
proportion of hops. [A.S. eale ; Ice. Si; Gael.
ol, to drink.]
A-Iee, a-lS', adv. , on the lee-sidc See Lee.
Alembic, al-em'bik, . a cup or vessel formerly used
by chemists for distilling. [Ar. al, the, anbiq,
from Gr. ambiks. a cup.]
Alert, a-lcrt', adj. lit. on a height; on the watch ;
brisk ; active. [Yt.alerte; It. alTerta, ona height
erto, erect, steep ; L. erigo, to erect.]
alertness, a-lert'nes, n., state ofbeing alert.
Alexandrine, al-egz-an'drin, n. a rhyming verse of
twelve Iambic syllables, so called from its use
in an old French poem on Alexander the Great,
or from the name of one of its authors being
Alexander.
Algebra, al'je-bra, n. the science of quantity in
general ; universal arithmetic ; calculation by.
symbols. [Sp. ; Fr. algebre; said to be fromAr.
al-gabr, the putting together of broken things.]
algebraic, al-je-bra'ik. algebraical, al-je-bru'uWl,
adj., pertaining to algebra.
algebraist, al-je-bra'ist, ., one versed in algebra.
Algum, at gum, n. a form of Almug.
Alias, S'li-as, adv., at another time ; otherwise. [L.
from alius, other ; Gr. altos.]
alibi, al'i-bi, or al't-bl, ., in another place; the
plea of a person, who, when charged with a
mOtc ; mute ; moon ; then.
 Allen
crime, alleges that he was in anotherplace -when
it was committed. [L. alius, other, tbi, there.]
Alien, al'yen, adj., belonging to another; foreign;
estranged from; adverse to.tu one belonging
to ^nether country ; one not entitled to citizen
ship. [L. alienus, from alius, other.]
alioabU, aryen-a-bl, adj., that may be alienated.
aUsnato, al yen-at, v.t. to give away a right or pro
perty to another; to withdraw the affections ; to
misapply:/*-./, alienating; Pa.p. alienated,
alienation, fd-yen-a'shun, n., act of alienating:
state of being alienated : a transfer of property;
a change ofaffection. [L. alicnatio.]
Alight, a-llt', v.L, to ligJit on a thing; to get down
from ; to fall on :/*"./. alight'ing .pa.p. alight'ed.
[A.S. alihioK. ] See Light.
AUka, a-llk', adj., like; having likeness to.adv.
m the same manner, form, or degree. [A.S.ge-lic.]
Aliment, aTi-ment, n,, nourishment; food. [L.
alimentumalo, to nourish.] [food,
tiinnntal, al-i-mental, adj., flourishing; supplying
alimentary, al-i-menrar-i, adj., pertaining to ali
ment or food; nourishing,
alimony, aTi-mun-i, n. the allowance to a wife when
legally separated from her husband.
Aliquot, al'i-kwot, adj. an aliquot part of a number
is one which will measure it exactly without re
mainder, thus 3 is an aliquot part of 13. [L.
alius, another, quot, how many.]
" alive, a-llv/, adj. , live ; having life ; lively ; active.
[A.S. ge-lifian.\ See Live.
allca-li, or -ll, n. the salt of the plant kali;
t class of salts soluble in water, which have the
power of neutralising acids,//. alTca-
hz. [At. alkali]
alsalify. al-kal'i-fl, or allca-Ii-fT, v.t., to convert
into an alkali.v.L to become an alkali :pr.p*
alkal'ifying ; pa.p. alkal'ihed. [Alkali, and L.
fatio, to make-] \ofan alkali.
Alkaline, alTca-lIn, or-Iin, adj. having the properties
alkaloid, alTta-Ioid, *. a class of substances of vege
table origin resembling an alkali or possessing in
a slight degree the properties ofan alkali. [Alkali,
and Gr. etdos, a form or resemblance.]
Alsoran. Sec Koran.
All, awl, adj., the -whole; every one of; every part
of.adv. wholly; completely; entirely.n. the
whole ; every one. [A.S. eal.]
All-foour-day, awl-fOohr'-da, n. the first of April, so
called from an ancient custom, supposed to be ol
Hindu origin, of practising sportive deceptions
on as many persons as possible during the day.
Ail-Hallow awUhal'lo, AU Hallows, awl-halldz, . the
day of the Holy Ones; All-Saints'-Day (Novem
ber first), a feast dedicated to all the saints.
AIl-Ha.flow-m.aai, All-Hal low-tide, n. , the time near
All-Samts*-Day. [See Hallow, Mass. Tide.]
All-Saints'-Day, awl-sanls'-dii, n. the first of Novem
ber, held as a feast in honour of all the saints.
All-Souls'-Day, awl-sOlz'-da, . a feast held by the
Church of Rome on the second of November, to
pray for the souls of all the faithful dead.
all to, awl too, adv. in B., entirely, altogether.
Allay, al-lS', v.t., to lay down; to quiet ; to alleviate :
/*./. alliy'ing; /a./, allayed'. [A.S. a-lecgan,
to lay down : or L, ad, to, Uvis, light.] See Lay-
Allege, a!-lej', v.t. lit. to send one with a citarge: to
bring forward, as an argument or excuse : to de
clare \~fir.p. alleg'ing ; pa.p alleged'. [L. allego
ad, to, and lego, legatum, to send.]
fate, far ; me, her ; mine ;
allowable
allegation, al-lff-ga'shun, . an assertion.
Allegiance, al-Ic"'ji-ans, n. the duty of a subject to
his liege, the government. [See liege.]
Allegory, al'lfi-gor-i, n., a description of one tiling
under the image of another. [Gr. allegoria
all-lgored, to speak so as to imply something
other than what is saidalios, other, ana
agoreud, to speak.]
allegoric, aM-gor'ik, allegorical, al-lC-gor'ik-al, adj.,
in theform ofan allegory.adv. aUogor'ically.
ftllegoriso, al'lS-go-rlz, v.t., to turn into allegory.-
v.i. to use allegory :Pr.p. allegorising ; pa.p.
al'legOrTsed.. allegorist, one who uses allegory.
Allegro, al-leVro", n. or adv. in music, a word denot
ing a brisk movement. [It.; L. alacer, brisk.]
AUelal&h, Allelnjah, al-le-loo'ya, n., praise to Jah
or Jehovah; a song of praise. [Heb.]
Alleviate, al-lc'vi-it, v.t., to make light ; to lessen:
alle'viating ; P&.p. alleViatcd. [low L.
atlevio, alleviatum, to lightenlevis, light.]
alleviation, al-le-vi-ashun, the act of alleviat
ing; that which alleviates.
Alley, al'lC, n. a place along which one may go; a
walk in a garden ; a passage narrower than a
street, [Fr. allie, a passagealler, to go.]
Alliance, Allies. Sec under Ally.
Alligation, al-li-gashun, n., act ofbinding together;
in arith. a rule for finding the price or value of
compounds consisting of ingredients of different
values. [L. alligatwad, to, ligo, to bind.]
Alligator, alli-ga-tor, n. lit. the lizard; the Amer
ican crocodile. [Sp. el-lagarto, L. lacerta, a
lizard.] See Lizard.
Alliteration, al-Iit-er-a'shun, n. the repetition of the
same Utter at the beginning of two or more
words close to each other, as in ' apt alliteration's
artful aid.'adj. aUlt'erattve, pertaining to alliter
ation. [L. ad, and litera, a letter.]
Allocate, al'lo-kat, v.t., to place to ; to set apart ; to
give to each his share :Pr.p. al'locating ; Pa.p.
allocated. [L. ad, to, loco, locatum, to place
locus, a place.]n. alloca'tion, the act of allo
cating; an allotment.
Allocution, al-l3-ku'shun, ., a speaking to;'va\
address by the Pope. [L. allocutioad, to,
loquor, locutus, to speak.]
Allodium, al-lo'di-um, . an estate held in absolute
possession without a feudal superior, [low L.
AH, and old Ger. od, property ; Ice. vdal.]
aUodlal, al-lo'di-al, adj. not held of a superior.
AHopathy, al-lop'a-thi, n. a mode of curing diseases
by producing a condition of the system opposite
to that essential to the disease. [Gr. alios,
another, and pathos, disease.]
allopathic, al-lo-path'ik, adj., pertaining to allo
pathy.n. allopathist, al-lop'a-thist, one who
practises medicine in accordance with allopathy.
Allot, al-lot', v.t. to give a lot to:pr.p. allotr/iug ;
Pa.p. allott'cd. [L. ad, to, and Lot.]
allotment, al-loi'ment, the act ofallottingI that
which is allotted.
Allow, al-low', v.t., to place to; to grant; to permit:
Pr.p. allowing; pa.p. allowecF. [Fr. allouer,
to grant; L. allocaread, locare, to place to.
Allow is also used by old writers and in B., in
the sense of approve, in which case the root is
L. laudo,al-low'a-bl,
to praise adj.,
] that may be allowed,
allowable,
n. aUoVablenes*.adv. allowably.
mOte ; mute ; mOOn ; Men.
 allowance
allowance, al-loVans, tt., that which is allowed.
Alloy, aI-loy/, v.t. to mix one metal with another
for coinage accordingto law ; to reduce the purity
of a metal by mixing with it one less valuable :
Pr.p. alloying; Pa.p. alloyed'. [Fr. d la loi,
according to law ; L. lex, law.]
alloy, al-loy, . a baser metal mixed with a finer ;
any metallic compound, except that of mercury,
with another metal ; fig., anything that debases.
Allude, al-Iud', V.i. to hint at {playfully); to refer
to indirectly :pr.p. allQd'ing ; pa.p. allOd'ed.
[L. alludoad, and ludo, lusum, to play upon.]
allusion, al-lQ'zhun, n. hint ; indirect reference.adj.
allusive, al-lu'siv, hinting at.adv. allu sively.
Allure, al-ldr', v.t. to tempt by a lure or bait
Pr.p. and adj. alluring ; pa p. allured'.adv.
alluringly. [L. ad, and Lure.]
allurement, at-lur'mcnt. ., that which allures.
Allusion. See under Allude.
Alluvium, al-10'vi-um, n. matter washed down by
rivers upon lower lands. [L. alluviumalluo =
ad, luo, to wash down upon.] [itcd by water.
alluvial, al-lu'vi-al, adj., washed down and depos-
Ally, al-ll', v.t, to bind together by kindred* friend
ship, or treaty iPr.p. allying ; Pa.p. allied'.
[Fr. allier ; L. alfigoad, and ligo, to bind to.]
ally, al-ll', one that is allied;pi. allies', princes
or states that have entered into a league.
alliance, al-Ii'ans, n. union by marriage or treaty.
Almanac, awl'ma-nak, or al'ma-nak, . a yearly
calendar or register of the days, weeks, and
months of the year, &c. [Ar. al, and manah, to
count ; or Gr. minaios, what concerns the months
mini, the moon.]
Almighty, awI-mTrl, adj. possessing all might or
power.n. God. [All, and mighty.]
almightineas, awl-mTtl-ncs, n. boundless power.
Almond, 5'mund, n. the fruit of the amygdalus
communis or almond-tree. [Sp. almendra ; Fr.
' amande ; L. amygdalum ; Gr. amygdali.]
almonds, a'mundz, n.pl. the tonsils or glands of the
throat, so called from their resemblance to the
fruit of the almortd-tree.
Almoner, ainjury, Sec under Ainu.
Almost, awl'most, adv., mostly all; nearly. [All,
and most]
Alms, amz, n.pl. orig. contpassionateness ; relief
given to thepoor. [A.S. almes, a'lmesse; old Fr.
aumosne ; Gr. eleemosyueeleos, compassion.]
almoner, al'mun-cr, . a distributer of alms.
almonry, al'mun-ri, n. the place where alms are
distributed.
alms-house, amz'-hous, n. a house in which poor
persons are lodged and supported.
Almug, al'mug, . a tree or wood in the B., the
nature of which is uncertain.
Aloe, al'fS, . a genus of plants with juicy leaves
from which the gum called aloes is extracted,
found chiefly in the south of Africa. [Gr. aloe-.]
Aloft, a-loft', adv., on lo/t ; in the lift or air ; on
high.adj. (obs.) exalted. [A.S. a, lyft, the air.]
Alone, a-lOn', adj., all one, one being all : single ;
without company.adv. singly ; by one's self.
Along, a-long', adv., toward or through the length
of; lengthwise; throughout; forward.prep, by
the side of; near to. [AS. ana'-tangand,
toward, lang, length. [with supcrl. term.]
alongst, a-longst' (obs.), prep., along, [from Along,
Aloof, a-lC5f, adv., all off from; at a distance;
fate, far; me, her; mine ;
Alum
out of danger, [acc. to Wedgwood, on loaf or
luff, to the windward of a personfrom LufL]
Aloud, a-loud', adv., on hud; loudly. [See Loud.]
Alp, alp, n. , a high mountain 'pi. Alps, alps, spe
cialty applied to the mountain-system of Switzer
land. [Gael alp, a mountain.]
alpine, al'pin, or al'pln, adj., pertaining to ike
Alps, or to any lofty mountains.
Alpaca, al-pak'a, n. the Peruvian sheep, remarkable
for the length, lustre, and fineness of its wool ;
cloth made of its wool, [the Peruvian name.]
Alpha, al'fa, n. thefirstletter in the Greek alphabet :
the beginning. [Gr. ; Hcb. aleph, the name of
the first letter, which in its origin was the outline
of an ox's head.]
alphabet, al'fa-bet, . the letters of a language. [Gr.
alpha, beta, the first and second Greek letters.
alphabetic, al-fa-betlk, alphabetical, al-fa-betlk-al,
adj. relating to or in the order ofan alphabet.
adv. alphabetically.
Alpine. See under Alp.
Already, awl-red'i, adv., all ready ; now or before
the time expected. [See All, and Ready.J
Also, awl'sfl, adv., all so; in like manner.
Alt, alt, Alto, al'tO, adj., high.n. in music, the
part higher than the tenor but lower than the
treble. [It. ; L. alius, high.]
Altar, awl'tar, n. a high place on which sacrifices
were anciently offered ; in Christian churches,
the communion-table. {L. alius, high.]n.
al tar piece, a painting placed over an altar.
Alter, awl'ter, v.i. to make otherwise ; to change.
v.i. to become different; to vary:Pr.p. al
tering; Pa.p. al'tered. [L. alter, other, another.]
alterable, awl ter-a-bl, adj., that may be altered.
alteration, &w\-ttT-5L'shun,n.,actofaltering; change.
alterative, awl'ter-at-iv, adj., having power to
change.n. a medicine which produces a change
for the better.
Altercate, at'ter-kat, v.i., to say another or differ
ent thing ; to contend in words ; to wrangle :
Pr.i. al'tercating ; Pa.p. al'tcrcated. [L. aliercor,
to nave a debate with any onealter, other.]
altercation, al-ter-ka'shun, . contention; debate.
Alternate, al-tdnvat, adj., one after the other;
by turns.adv. altern'ately. [L. altematus
altemo, to do any thing by turnsalter, other.]
alternate, al'tero-at, or al-tern'at, v.t. to cause to
follow by turns.v.i. to act or happen by turns ;
pr.p. al'ternatine ; Pa.p. alternated.
alternation, al-ter-na shun, n., act of alternating;
interchange.
alternative, al-tcm'a-tiv, n. that which may be
chosen or rejected.adj. offering a choice of
two things.adv. altern'atlvely.
Although, awl-/Ao', conj., all though; allowing all
that ; notwithstanding ; however.
Altitude, al'ti-tud. height; elevation. [L. aJti-
ttido-alius, high.]
Alto. See Alt.
Altogether, awI-too-ge/A'er, adv., all-gathered;
completely ; without exception. [A, S. eat-
geador.] See Gather.
Alto-rillevo, al'tO-rg-leVvo, ., high relief; in sculp.,
figures so much projected as to be relieved or
lifted from the surface of the block from which
they are cut. [It. alto, high, rilievo, relief; L.
alius, high, and relcvo, levo, to lift up.]
Alum, alum, m. a mineral salt. [L. alumen.]
toOte ; mute ; mo~On ; Men.
 alumina
iiuraina, al-u'min-a, ahunino, al'u-min, n. one of the
earths: the characteristic ingredient of clay.
alamlnoos, al-u'min-us, adj., containing alum or
alumina.
aluminum, al-G'min-um, aluminium, al-u-minl-um, n.
the metallic base of alumina.
Alumnus, a-Ium'nus, n., one that is nourished; one
educated at a college is called an alumnus ofthat
college. [L. alumnusalo, to nourish.]
Always, awl'waz, Alway, awl'wl, adv. through all
ways ; for ever.
Am, am, the first person of the verb to be. [A.S.
tern, I am; Gr. cim-t; Sans, asmi.]
Amain, a-mun', adv., with main or strength ; vehe
mently; suddenly. [A.S. a, maegen, strength
imagan, to be able, may.]
amalgam, a-mal'gam, n. a compound of mercury
with another metal ; a mixture. [Gr. malagma,
an emollientmalassd, to soften.]
amalgamate, a-mal'ga-mat, v.t. to mix mercury
with another metal; to mix.v.i. to blend; to
unite:/r./. amalgamating;/**./, amalgamated.
amalgamation, a-mal-ga-ma'snun, n., the act of
amalgamating-; a mixing or blending.
tiB.^mrii a-man-u-en'sis, n. one who performs
for another the manual part ofcomposition ; one
who writes to dictation. (L. manus, the hand.]
Amaranth, am'a-ranth, Amaranthus, am-a-ranth'us,
.( the unfadingflower ; a genus of plants with
thin dry leaves, that last long without withering,
as Love lies bleeding. [Cr.amarantos, unfading
a, not, marainomai, to die away.]
amaranthine, am-a-ran'thin, adj., pertaining to
amaranth; unfading.
Amaci, a-mas', v.t. to add to the mass; to collect ;
to accumulate \~Pr-P- amassing ; pa.p. amassed'.
[Fr. amasserL. massa, a mass.]
amateur, am-a-taV, one who cultivates a study
or art for the love of so doing and not for gain.
[Fr. from L. antator, a loveramo, to love.]
amative, am.'a-tiv, amatory, am'a-tor-i, amatorlal.
ara-a-tc*'ri-al, adj., relating to love ; affectionate.
amatlvrnai, am'a-tiv-nes, n., Propensity to love.
Amaze, a-maz', v.t. to put the mind in a maze;
to bewilder; to astonish, confound :pr.p. amaV-
ing ; pa.p. amazed'-adv. amax'lngly. [See Maze. J
uaau poet), a-mAV, amaaadneai, a-maYed-nes,
amazBtaaet, a-mfiz'raent, stateofbeingamazed;
astonishment : in B., bewilderment of mind.
AmazoB, am'a-zon, n. one of a race of female
warriors who cut offthe right breast in order to
use their weapons more efficiently ; a masculine
woman. [Gr. a, without,
iHfri am-a-zO'ni-an, adj.,mazos,
ofor aresembling
breast.] an
Amazon; warlike; of masculine manners.
Ambassador, am-bas'a-dor, a messenger; one
sent on an embassy ; a minister sent to represent
a sovereign or state at a foreign court.fern.,
ambassadress. [A.S. ambiht; Goth, andbahts,
a servant, prob. from bah, a backer, a henchman. J
ambaawage, am'bas-aj, n. (obs.) an embassy.
Ataber, am'ber, n. a yellow fossil resin. [Ar. anbar.]
mbrrgTts, amtier-gres, n.t grayamber. [Amber, and
Fr. gris, gray.]
Ambidexter. am-bi-deks'tOr, n. one using both hands
with equal facility ; a double-dealer.adj. ambi*
dax'trot**, [1* ambo, both, dexter, right-hand.]
Amblsnt. am'hi-cnt, adj., going round; surround
ing. [L. ambi, about, lens, goingeo, to go.]
Ambiguous, am-big/u-us, adj. lit. driving about:
Cite, far ; m, her ; mine ;
amercement
obscure ; having more than one meaning adv.
amblg'uously. [h.ambiguusambigo, to go about,
ambi, about, ago, to drive. ]
ambiguity, am-bigu'i-ti, n. uncertainty of significa
tion ; double meaning.
Ambition, am-bish'un, n. orig- in Rome the going
about of candidates for office seeking votes ; the
desire for excellence, preferment, honour, or
power. [L. ambitio, from ambio, to go about
ambi, about, and eo, itum, to go.]
ambitious, am-bish'us, adj., full of ambition; de
sirous of power ; aspiring.adv. ambi'tiotuly.
Amble, am'bl, v.i. to move as a horse by lifting both
legs on each side alternately : to move affectedly :
Pr.p. am'bling ; Pa.p. am'bled.n. a pace of
a horse between a walk and a trot. [Fr. ambler;
L. ambulare, to walkambo, both.]
ambler, am'blcr, n. a horse that ambles.
Ambrosla1am-brO'zhi-a,.1i'ww(7r/i7/; the fabkd food
of the gods : whatever is very pleasing to the
taste or smell. [Gr. a, not, brotos, mortal; Sans.
a-mritaa, not, mri, L. mori, to die.]
ambrosial, am-brC'zhi-al, arabrosian, am-brG'zhi-an,
adj., havingthe qualities ofambrosia ; fragrant ;
delicious.^adv. ambros tally.
Ambry, am'bri, ., a place or chest for arms, plate,
books, &c ; a pantry. [Fr. armoire; L. arma
rium : or a corruption of Almonry.]
Ambulant, am'bu-lant, adj., walking or moving
about from place to place. [L. ambulans, -antis
ambulo, ambulatum, to walk about.]
ambulance, am'bu-lans, n. a carriage which serves
as a movable hospital for the wounded in battle.
ambulation, am-bu-li'shun, ., a walking about.
ambulatory, am'bu-la-tor-i, adj., moving about.
Ambuscade, am'bus-kad, Ambush, am'boosh, . a
hiding in a bush, as troops, to attack by surprise :
the place of hiding : the troops lying in wait.
v.t. to place in ambush: to attack suddenly.
v.i. to lie in ambush :Pr.p. am'buscuding, am'-
bushing; Pa.p. am'buscaded, am'bushed. [Fr.
embuscade, embucheIt.imboscare, to place in a
bushitre, in, bosco, a bush, wood.]
amboahment, am'boosh-ment, n. (obs.) an ambush.
Ameliorate, a-meTyor-at, v.t. to make better; to im
prove.v.i. to grow better :pr.p. ameliorat
ing ; Pa.p. ameliorated.ft. amelioration. [Fr.
am/ltorerh. melior, better.]
Amen, S'mcn' {in singing, a'men'), adv., so be it;
be it established. [Gr. and Heb.J
Amenable, a-mi'na-bl, adj. orig. easy to be led or
governed; liable.adv. ame nably, [a, Fr. mener,
to leadL. ad, to, manus, the hand.]
Amend, a-mend', v.t., to mend ; to freefrom mis
take or fault; to correct ; to improve:Pr.p.
amend'ing ; Pa.p. amend'ed.adj. amendable.
[Fr. amenderL. a, from, menda, a mistake.]
amendment, a-mend'ment, n., act of amending:
correction ; improvement : an addition or alter
ation proposed to be made in a bill or motion.
amends, a-mendr*, ti.pl. reparation ; recompense.
Amenity, a-mcn'i-ti, n., pleasantness. [Fr. aminiti ;
L. amanitasamatnus, pleasant.]
Amerce. a-m6rs', v.t. to place at the mercy of a
court ; to inflict a penalty the amount of which
is left to the mercy of the court :pr.p. am.rc'-
ing ; Pa.p. amerced', [a, on or at, Fr. merci,
mercyL. metres, price, reward.] See Mercy.
amerceable, a-mers'a-bi, adj., liable to amercement.
amercement, a-mers'ment, . a penalty inflicted at
the discretion or mercy of a court.
mOte ; mute ; mo"on ; then.
 American
American, a-merf-kan, adj., of or belonging to
America, [from the discoverer, Amerigo Vcs-
pucci, a Florentine.] [idiom,
americanism, a-mer'i-kan-izm, n. an American
Amethyst, am'e-thist, . orig. a stone supposed to
prevent drunkenness ; a precious stone of a deep
violet colour. [Gr. amethystosa, without,
methyd, to be drunken.]adj. amethystine ('tin).
Amiable, a'mi-a-bl, adj., lovable; worthy of love;
lovely. [L. amahilisamo, to love.]adv.
a'mtably.fts. amiabil ity, a mi&bleness.
Amianthus, am-i-an'thus, ., the undefled, applied
to asbestos on account of its resistance to fire.
[Gr. amiantosa, not, miayio, to pollute.]
Amicable, am'i-kabl, adj., friendly; peaceable.
[L. amicabilisamicus, a friendamo, to love.]
adv. am'lcably.n. am'lcableneu.
amity, am'i-ti, friendship; good-will. [Fr.
amitic" ; L. amicttiaamicus, a friend.]
Amice, am'is, n. lit something tkroion round one :
a flowing cloak formerly worn by priests and
pilgrims : a collar worn by priests under the alb
about the neck and shoulder, [old Fr. amis,
amictL. amictits, thrown roundamicio
ambit around, jacio, to throw.]
Amid, a-mid', Amidst, a-midst1, prep.Jn the middle ;
among. [A.S. a, middan, the middle.]
Amiss, a-mis', adj., iti error; wrong.adv. in a
faulty manner. [A.S. a, missian, to miss, to err.J
Amity. See under Amicable.
Ammonia, am-m6'ni-a, . volatile alkali, the pun
gent principle of smelling salts, originally
obtained near the temple of Jupiter Ammon in
Libya.adjs. ammo niac, ammoni'acal.
Ammonite, am'mon-Tt, . an extinct genus of mol-
lusks, so called because they resembled the horns
on the statue of Jupiter Ammon worshipped
under the form of a ram.
Ammunition, am-mu-nish'un. . anything used for
munition or defence ; military stores in general,
especially powder, ball, bombs, &c. [L. ad,
for, and munitio, defencemunio, to defend.]
Amneity, am'nes-ti, n., a not remembering; a
general pardon of political offenders. [Gr. a,
not, mnaomai, to think on, remember.]
Among, a-mung', Amongst, a-mungst', prep..mingled
or mixed with; amidst ; of the number. [A.S.
on-gemangmamgan, to mingle, mix.]
Amorous, am'or-us, adj., full of love ; inclined to
love. adv. am'orotuily.. am'orouaneix. [L.
amor, \o\e-amo, to love.]
amour, a-mOOr', n. a love intrigue. [Fr. ; ~L.amor.]
Amorphous, a-morTus, adj., without shape. [Gr.a,
without, morpfti, shape.]
Amount, a-mounr*, v.i., to mount or rise to; to
result in :pr.p. amounting ; PaJ>. amounted.
-n. the whole sum or result. [Fr. monter, to
ascend ; L. ad, to, motis, montis, a mountain.]
Amour. See under Amorous.
Amphibia, anvfib'i-a, Amphibia-Is, am-fib'i-alz, or
Amphibians, am-fib'i-anz, n.pl. animals capable
of living both under water and on land,adj.
amphibious. [Gr. amphi, both, bios, life.]
Amphibrach, am'fi-brak, n. in Poetry, a foot having
a short syllable on each side of a long one. [Gr.
amphi, on each side, brachys, short.]
Amphitheatre, am-fi-the'a-t6r, n., a dmtble theatre;
a theatre of an oval or circular shape with an
area (the arena) in the centre. [Gr. amphi, both,
theatron, n theatre.]
file, far ; mS, her ; mine ;
Analyse
Ample, am'pl, adj., filled uP; large; spacious;
liberaladv. a-m'ply.. am'pleneas, [L. amplus,
large ; perhaps from Gr. ana, up, pleas, full.]
amplify, am'pli-fT, v.t., to make ample or large; to
add to.v.i. to be diffuse in argument or de
scription :pr.p. am'plifying ; Pa.p. am'plified.
[L. amplificoamplus, largCffacio, to make.]
amplification, am-pH-fi-kashun, ., enlargement.
amplitude, am'pli-tud, n,, largeness; abundance.
Amputate, am'pu-tSt, v.t., to cut offround about ;
to prune or lop off a branch ; to cut off a limb or
member of an animal body :pr.p. am'pdtating ;
Pa.p. nm'putatcd. [L. amputoantb, around,
puto, putatum, to cut.]
amputation, am-pu-ta'shun, ,, the act or operation
ofcutting offa limb.
Amulet, am Q-let, . something carried or worn
about the person as a charm against evil. [L.
amuletum ; Ar. hamala, to carry.]
Amuse, a-mQz', v.t. lit. to give one something to muse
on ; to occupy wholly, to absorb fobs.) : to enter
tain.adv. amu'singly. [Fr. atnuser. Sec Hose.]
amusement, a-mu/'ment, n., that which amuses;
pastime; entertainment.
amuaive, a-mus'iv, adj., Itaving thepower to amuse
or entertain.adz: amnaively.
An, an, adj., one ; the indefinite article used before
words beginning with the sound of a vowel.
[A.S. a*n.] See One.
Anabaptist,an-a-bap'tist, ., onewhobaptises again;
one who maintains that persons baptised in their
infancy should be baptised again, and that adults
only should he baptised, by being dipped in water.
\Qx.ana ,i\v,v\T\,baptiz&, to baptise, to dip in water.]
Anabap'tutm, n. the doctrine of the Anabaptists.
Anachronism, an-akYmi-izm, n. an error in comput
ing time by which events are misplaced. [Gr.
ana, back, ckronos, time.]adj. anachronistic.
Anacreontic, a-nak-re-on'tik, n. after tbe raauner of
Aruicreon, a Greek poet ; joyous ; free.
Anflsathetic. an-es-thet'ik, adj., deprivingoffeeling.
n. a substance, as chloroform, used to render
persons insensible. [Gr. a, pnv., and aisl/ta-
tiowai, to feel.]
Anaglyph, an'a-glif, n. an ornament carved in relief.
[Gr. ana, up, glypho, to carve.]adj. anaglyp'tic.
Anagram, an'a-gram, n. the changing of one word
or sentence into another by a trattsposUwu of
the lettersas, astronomermoon-starer. [Gr.
an>i, back, gramma, a letter.]
anagrammatlcal. an-a-gram-mat'ik-al, adj.,forming
an anagram. adv. anagTammat'icaily.ana*
gramm'atlst, ;/,, a maker ofanagrams.
Analogy, a-nal'o-ji, ., proportion ; an agreement or
correspondence in certain respects between things
otherwise different; likeness. [Gr. analogia
ana, up to, logos, proportion or relation.]
analogical, an-a-loj'ik-al, adj., hairing, or according
to, analogy.adv. analogically.
analogue, a-nal'o-jTz, v.t. to explain by analogy :
Pr.p. anal'ogtsing ; pa.p. anal oglsed.
analogism, a-nal'o-jizm, . a reasoning up from
cause to effect.
analogiBt, a-nal'o-jist, ., onewhoadheres to analogy.
analogous, a-naf'o-gus, adj., having analogy;
similar.adv. analogously.
analogue, an'a-log, . a word or thing, bearing
analogy to, or like another.
Analyse, an'a-l!z, v.t., to loosen ; to resolve or sepa
rate a whole into its component parts:Pr.p.
mOtc ; mute ; mOOn ; then.
 analysis
an'aJysing ; pa.p. an'alysed. adj. analys'able.
tGr. ana, again, lysislyd, to loosen,]
analysis, a-r.;ii :-'-:>, v. a resolving or separating a
thing into its elements or component parts ; an
examination of the separate parts of a whole.
analyst, axi'a-list, ., one who analyses.
aaalytlc, an-a-lit'ik, analytical, an-a-lit'ik-al, adj.,
pertaining to analysis.adv. analytically.
analytics, an-a-lit'iks, n.sing., science ofanalysis.
An&pest. an'a-pcst, . a dactyl struck bach or re
versed ; a metrical foot of three syllables, the last
of which is accented.adj. anape* tic. [Gr.
eswtpaistosana, back, paid, to strike.]
Anarchy, an'ar-ki, .. the want of government in
a state.rt^'j.anar'cluc,anar chical. [Gr.anarchia
a, an, without, arc/ie, government.]
anarchist, an'ar-kist, n., one whopromotes anarchy.
Anathema, an-ath'e-ma, n. orig. an offering set or
hung **P in a temple, devoted to the gods ; an
ecclesiastical curse. [Gr. ana, up, tithemi, to set]
anathematise, an-ath'C-ma-tlz, v.t. to pronounce ac
cursed ipr-P. anath'emaUsing ; pa.p. anath'e-
matlscd.
Anatomy, a-nat'5-mi, ., a cutting away front;
art of dissection ; science of the structure of the
body learned by dissection. [Gr. ana, away from,
trmno", to cut.]
inatomlcil,an :<.\iy,u'\\:-:\\,aJi. ,rrhitingtoanato7>iy.
anatomise, a-nat'G-mTz, v.t., tocut up; to dissect an
animal :pr.p. anat omising ; Pa.p. anat'Omlsed.
anatomist, an-at'O-mist, ., one skilled in anatomy.
Ancestor, an'ses-tor, . one who has gone or lived
before us; a forefather; one from whom a person
has descended.-fern. an'cestress. [L. antecessor
ante, before, eedo, cessns, to go.]
ancestral, an-ses'tral, adj., relating to ancestors.
ancestry, an'??es-tri, n. descent ; lineage.
Anchor, angOtor, . lit. tluit which lias an angle; a
heavy iron instrument to hold a ship afloat ; fic^.,
what gives safety or security. [L. ancora ; Gr.
angkura c ,, a i endroot ang or ank,bent.]
anchor ang'kor, v.t., to fix by the help of an
anchor. v.i. to cast anchor ; to stop, fix, or rest
on : an'choring ; pa.p. an'chored.
anchora^je/an^'kor-aj. n,,groun. >'for anchoring in :
duty paid for liberty to anchor.
Anchoret, an^'k - . Anchorite, ang'ko-rlt, n. one
who has gone back or retired from the world.
[Gr. anachSrettsana, back, chire5, to go.]
Anehory, an-chfl'vi, *. a small fish of the herring
kind used as a sauce. [Port, and Sp. anchwa,
Ger. anschove, said to be of Iberian origin, and
meaning lit. a dried fish, from Biscayan anchu-
vm, dry.]
Ancient, In'shent, adj. that has been before ; old.
*.//. an'cieata, those who lived in remote times :
m elders.adv. an'dratty.n. an'dentnem.
[Fr. ancien; It. ansianoanzi, L. ante, before.]
Ancillary, an'sil-ar-i, adj.,pertaining to a maid-ser
vant ; subservient. (L. ancilla, a maid-servant, j
And, and, conj. signifies addition, and is used to
connect words and sentences. [A.S.]
Andante, an-dan'te, adj., going easily ; moderately
slow ; expressive. [It.andare, to go.]
Andiron, andl-urn, n. } the iron which supports fuel
or in which a spit turns. [A.S. brand-isrn,
brand-iron : low L. andena, anderia : A.S.
voenden, to turn, and Iron ; or E. Emi-iron.\
Anecdote, an'ek-dot, n. something not published; an
incident of private life ; a short story. {Gr. an,
not, ekdotos, published<r, out, diddmi, to give.]
fate, far ; n>5, her ; mine ;
animate
anecdotal, an'ek-dSt-al, anecdotlcal, an-ck-dot'i-kal,
adj., in theform ofan anecdote.
Anemone, a-nem'o-ne, n. the ivina'-(lower. [Gr.
from anemos, wind.]
Aneroid, an'e-roid, adj. applied to a barometer in
which the pressure of the air is measured with-
out the use of liquid. [Gr. a, without, niros, wet.]
Aneurism, anu-rizm, n. a tumour produced by the
widening up or dilation of an artery. [Gr.
aneuris+naana, up, eurys, wide.]
Anew, a-nfl', adv., in a nnv time or way ; again.
Angel, an'jel, n. lit. a messenger; a divine messen
ger; a spirit: an old Eng. coin = ios., bearing
the figure of an angel. [L. angelus; Gr. ang-
gelosang-gello, to tell or deliver a message.]
adjs. angelic, angel'lcal.adv. angel ically.
Anger, ang'ger, . lit. pressure; orig. trouble,
oppression : a passion excited by injury.v.t. to
make angry, or painful ipr,p. an'genng ; Pa.p.
an'gered. [A.S. ange, trouble ; Ger. cng, com
pressed ; L. ango, to press tightly ; Gr. angclid,
to compressroot anh, to press together.]
angry, ang'gri, adj., excited with anger; inflamed.
adv. an'grUy.
Angle, ang'gl, ., a bend; a corner ; the point where
two lines meet : ingeom., the inclination of two
straight lines which meet together, but are not
in the same straight line. [Fr. ; L. angulus; Gr.
angkylosangkos, a bondroot ang, bent.]
angular, ang'giwar, adj., having an angle.adv.
angularly.n. angularity.
Angle, ang'gl, n. lit. a hook ; a fishing-rod with its
line and hook.v.i. to fish with an angle. v.t.
to entice :Pr.p. an'gling ; Pa.p. angled.n.
an'gler. [A.S. angel, allied to Gr. angkos, a bend.]
angling, ang'gling, n. the art or practice of fishing
with a rod and line.
Anglic, ang'glik, Anglican, angMik-an, adj. ,E?tglis7i.
[A.S. Angles, Engles, the English.] See English.
anglicise, ang'gli-sTz, v.t. to make English lpr.p.
anglicising ; Pa.p. anglicised.
anglicism, ang'gli-sizm, n. an English idiom or
peculiarity of language.
Anglo-Saxon, ang'glO-saks'un, adj., English Saxon.
Angry. See under Anger.
Anguish, ang'gwish, n. narrowness from pressure ;
a strait ; excessive pain of body or mind. [Fr.
angoisse ; It. angoscia; L. angustia, a strait
ango, to press tightly.] Sec Anger.
Angular, Angularity. See under Angle.
Anile, an'Tl, adj. , relating to an old woman ; aged ;
imbecile, n. anll'lty. [L. anus, an old woman.]
Animadvert, an-innad-vfirt', v.i., to turn tlte mind
to or against ; to criticise or censure '.pr.p.
animadvert'ing ; pa.p. animadvert'ed. [L. ani
mus, the mind, ad, to, verto, versum, to turn.]
animadversion, an-i-mad-ver'shun, n. criticism ; cen
sure ; reproof.
Animal, an'i-mal, n. a being with life; an organised
body having life, sensation, and voltmlary motion.
adj. an'lmal [L.anima, air, life ; Gr. anemos,
windad, aimi, Sans, an, to breathe, to blow.]
ipim.Hm, an'i-mal-izm, n., the state of mere
animal existence.
animalcule, an-i-maKkul, ., a little animal; an
animal that cannot be seen by the naked eye.
//. animalcules or animal'cula. [L. anitnalculum,
dim. of animal.]adj. animal'cular.
animate, an'i-miit, v.t. lit. to fill with breath; to
mote ; mute ; mfJDn ; then.
15
 animate Antedate
give life to ; to enliven or encourage lPr.p. annuitant, an-nu'i-tant, n.t one who receives an
animating ; Pa.p. animated. [L. animo, -aturn.] annuity*
animate, anl-mat, adj., possessing animal life. Annul, an-nul', v.t. to make null; to reduce to
animated, an'i-mat-ed, adj., lively, full of spirit. nothing; to abolish:Pr.p. annulling; Pa.p.
Animation, an-i-ma'shun, n., life; spirit; vigour,
anlmoilty, an-i-mos'i-ti, *. lit. fulness of spirit; annulled'.
lum,
[Fr. annullerL. ad, to, nultus, nul
no one, nothingne, not, ullus, any.]
violent hatred. [L. animositasanima.)
animus, anl-mus, n., mind; intention ; prejudice Annular, an'O-lar, adj. ofn.,
annulment, an-nul'ment, act ofannulling.
or like a ring adv. &nn'-
against. [L.] ularly. [L. annulusanus, a rounding or ring.]
Anii*, anls, n. an aromatic plant, the seeds of annulated, an'G-lat-cd, adj.,furnished with rings.
which are used in making cordials. [Gr. anison.] annulet, an'u-lct, a little ring ; a fillet.
Anker, angTcer, n. a liquid measure, differing in Annunciate, Annunciation. See under Announce.
different countries from 8 to 10 gallons. [D.] Anodyne, an'O-dln, adj. freeingfrom pain ; sooth
Ankle, ang/kl, n. the joint between the foot and ing.n. a medicine that allays pain. [Gr. a, an,
the leg, forming an angle. {A.S. ancle; Gr. without, odyni, pain.]
angkylosangkos, a bendroot ang, bent.] Anoint, a-nornr*, v.t. to smear with ointment or oil ;
anklet, angTdet, ., a little ankle ; an ornament to pour oil on ; to consecrate with oil 'pr-P-
for the ankle. anointing ; pa.p. anoint'ed. [Fr. oindre ; L. Ot-
Annali, an'alz, n.pi. a narration of events recorded ungo, in-unctusin, ungo, to smear.]
under the years in which they happened. [L. Anointed (the), a-noint'ed, n. the Messiah.
annatesannus, a year.] Anomaly, a-nom'a-li, n., un-evenness; irregularity;
annalist, an'al-ist, n., a writer ofannals.
Anneal, an-neT, v.t. to temper glass or metals by deviation even.]
from rule. [Gr. a, an, not, komalos,
[from rule.
heat :Pr.p. annealing ; Pa.p. annealed'.n. an* anomalous,
neal'mg- [A.S. aneelan, to set on fireeel, fire ; Anon, a-non', adv., in oneadj.,
a-nom'a-lus, irregular, deviating
(instant) ; immediately ;
acc. to Wedgwood, Fr. neller, neler} to enamel, soon after. [A.S. on, in, an, one.]
from It. niello, low L. nigellum, a kind of black Anonymous, a-nonl-mus, adj., without a name.
enamel on gold or silverL. niger, black.]
Annex, an-neks', v.t., to tie to the end of; to add at adv. aaon'ymouly. [Gr. a, an, without, onoma,
a name.]
the end :~pr.p. annexing ; Pa.p. annexed'. [L. Another, an-u/A'er, adj., one other ; not the same ;
amiecto, annexitsad, to, necto, to tie.]
annexation, an-neks-a'shun, ., act of annexing; one more. [A.S. an, one, and Other.]
addition to ; union. Anserine, an'ser-In, or -in, adj., relating to thegoose
Annihilate, an-nlliil-at, v.t. to reduce to nothing; Answer, or goose tribe. YL.anser, a goose ; Sans. hamsa.\
to destroy the existence of '.Pr.p. annTTiililting ; to : toan'ser, v.t., to speak in return; to reply
satisfy or solve : to suit.v.u to reply : to
Pap. annihilated. (L. annihilo, annihilatus succeed : to be accountable for : to correspond :
ad, to, nihilum, nothing.] in B., to say, to observe :pr.p. an'swering;
annihilation, an-nl-hil-a'shun, ., act ofdestroying; Pa.p. an'swered.n. a reply ; a solution. (A.S.
state of being reduced to nothing. and, in return, swarian, to speak.]
Anniversary, an-ni-vers'ar-i, adj., rrturningorh&p- answerable, an'scr-a-bl, adj., able to be answered :
pening every year; yearly.n. the day on which accountable : suitable.adv.
an event is annually celebrated. [L. annus, a Ant, ant, n. a small insect ; the an'swerably. emmet, [a cont of
year, verto, versus, to turn.]
Annotate, an'nO-tat, v.t., tonotedoivn; to comment EmmetA.S. omtet.\n. ant-hill, the hillock
raised by ants to form thcir,nest.
or make notes \Pr.p. an'nCtating ; Pa.p. an'nO- Antagonist, an-tag'O-nist, n., one who contends or
tated. [L. annotoad, to, noto. to mark.] struggles with another; an opponent. [Gr. anti,
annotation, an-no-tii'shun, n. a remark; comment
annotator, an'nfl-ta-tor, n.t a writerofnotes ; a com antagonist, an-tag'6-nist, toantagonistic,
against, agdnizomai, contend for a prize.]
mentator. an-tag-o-nisr/-
ik,
Announce, an-nouns', v.t., to make known to; to antagonistically. adj., contending against; opposing.adv.
publish ; to proclaim \-pr.p. announcing ; Pa.p. antagonism, an-tag'O-nizm, contest; opposition.
announced'. (Fr. anrtoncer; L. annuntio-ad,
to, nitntio, to tell.] [nouncing. Antarctic, ant-ark'tik, adj., opposite the arctic;
announcement, an-nouns'ment, ., the act of an~ opposite the north or north pole ; relating to the
annunciate. an-nun'si-3t, v.t., to announce; pr.p. south pole or to south polar regions. [Gr. anti,
annunciating ; pa.p. annun'ciated. opposite, and Arctic]
annunclatioii,an-nun-si-a'shun, n., anannouncing. Antecedent, an-tfi-se'dent, adj., going before in
Annunciation-day, the anniversary of the angel's time ; prior.n. that which goes before ; or pre
salutation to the Virgin Mary, the 25th March. cedes ; in gram., the noun to which the relative
Annoy, an-noy7, v.t. lit. to be hateful to, or to hurt; refers.adv. anteoe'dently.. antece'dence. [L.
to trouble ; to vex :Pr.p. annoying ; pa.p. an ante, before, cedens, -entis, goingcedo, to goj
noyed'. [It. annoiare; Fr, ennuyer; L. in, in, AntecUna, an-tS'shi-ans, Antctd, an-tt-'sl, n., those
odium, hatred : or Fr. nuireL. nocere, to hurt.] who dwell opposite to each other; those living
annoyance, an-noy'ans, ., that which annoys ; act under the same latitude and longitude but on dif
of annoying: state of being annoyed. ferent sides of the equator.^ [Gr. anti, opposite
Annual, an'nQ-al, adj.,yearly ; coming every year ; to, oiked, to dwell.]
lasting a year.. a plant that lives but one year ; Antecursor, an-tfi-kur'sor, n., a fore-runner. [L.
a book published yearly.adv. annually. [L. ante, before, curro, cursum, to run.]
annus, a year.] Antedate, an'te-dat, v.t., to date before the true
annuity, an-nu'i-ti, a yearly rent or income. time ; to anticipate :pr.p. an'tt5d&iing f.A,
16 fate, far ; m6, her ; mine ; mote ; mate ; moun ; then.
 Antediluvian Anxious
antedated. ~n. a prior date. [L. ante, before, metal much used in the arts and in medicine.
and date.]
Antediluvian, an-tC-di-lG'vi-an, adj. existing before adj. antlmo'nial. [usually given, Gr. anti, against,
Fr. moine, a monk, as if monk's-banc, but prob.
the deluge or flood.n. one who lived before the corrupted from the Arabic]
. deluge. [L. ante, before, diluvium, a flood.J Antlnomlan, an-ti-no'mi-an, . one against the law;
bee Deluge. one who denies the continued obligation of the
Antelope, an'tS-Iop. n. lit. equal to a deer; a genus moral law. [Gr. anti, against, names, law.]adj.
of quadrupeds intermediate between the deer antlno mlan. n. antlno'miattlsm.
d goat, [perhaps from Gr. anti, equal to, Antipathy, an-tip'a-thi, n., a feeling against ; dis
elaiphcs, a deer, connected with Leap.} like ; opposition. [Gr. anti, against, Pathos,
. ,., , an-tS-me-rid'yan, adj., before mid feeling.]adjs. antipathetic, antipathet ical.
day, or noon. [L. ante, before, meridies, mid Antiphon, anti-fOn, Antiphony, an-tiftl-ni, ., alter
day.] See Meridian. nate chanting or singing. [Gr. anti, in return,
Antamundane, an-t-mun'dan, adj., before the ivorld; andpkSni, voice.] See l~"
before the creation of the world. [L. ante, before, antlphonsJ, an-tifo-nal, adj., pertaining to anti-
mundus, the world.] phony.. a book of antiphons or anthems.
Antanna>,an-tcn'e, . the feelers or horns of insects. Antlphraaii, an-tifra-sis, n. the use of words in a
[L. antenna, the yard or beam of a sail.]
Antepenult, an-te-pC-nuIt', Antepenultimate, an-tC- sense opposite to their proper meaning. [Gr.
anti, opposite to, phrasis, speech.]adj. anti-
pS-nulti-mat, n., before the penult, or next ulti phras tieal. adv. antlphrastically.
mate syllable of a word, the last syllable of a AntipodM, an-tip'o-dez, n.pl. those living on the
word but two.adj. autapeaul'timate. [L. ante, other side of the globe, and whosefeet are thus
before, pene, almost, ultimus, last.]
Anterior, an-tefVi-or, adj., before, in time or place ; opposite to ours.adj. antipodal [Gr. anti,
opposite to, Pons, podos, a foot.]
in front. [L. comp. oi ante, before.] Antique, an-tk', adj., that has been before; old;
Anthem, anthem, . a piece of sacred music per ancient.. aiwthing very old ; the relics of an
formed by choristers who sing in turn or alter
nately ; a sacred song. [A.S. antefen ; Gr. anti- antiquary, anti-kwa-ri,; L.antiquarian,
cient times. % [Ft. antiquusante, before.]
an-ti-kw5'ri-an,
pkinosanti, in return, phdn?, the voice.] . one who studies or collects ancient things.
Anther, anther, n. the summit or lop of the stamen adj. antiqua rian. n. antiqua'rianlam.
in tlflower. [Gr. antheros, flowery, blooming antlquate, anti-kwat, v.t., to make antique, old, or
antked, to blossomanthes, a flower.] obsolete ; to put out of use '.-~Pr.p. an'tiquating ;
Pa.p. antiquated. [L. antiquoantiquus, old.]
Anthology, an-tholo-ji, n., a gathering offlowers ; antiquated, anti-kwat-ed, adj., grown old; out of
a discourse on flowers : a collection of poems or use.n. antlqnatedneis.
choice pieces.adj. anthologkaL [Gr. anilios antiquity, an-tik'wi-ti, ., ancient times: great age:
a flower, legs, to gather.]
Anthracite, anthra-slt, ., stone-coal; a hard kind a relic of the past.
of coal that bums without flame. [Gr. anthrax.] AntiKlaaa, an-tish'yans, AntUdl, an-tish'i-T, n.pl.
Anthropology, an-thr5-pol'o-ji, n., a discourse ok and people who live on different sides of the equator,
man; the natural history of the human species. tions.whose shadows at noon fall in opposite direc
[L. ; Gr. anti, opposite, skia, a shadow.]
[Gr. anthrdpos, man, logos, a discourse.]adj. Antiseptic,
anthropological. an-ti-scp'tik, adj., counteractingputre
Anthropophagi, .ui-thrG-pof'a-jT, n.pl., man-eaters ; faction.make putrid.]
[Gr. anti, against, siptos, from sipd, to
cannibals. [Gr. anthrspos, man, pkagS, to eat.] Antlstrophe, an-tis'tro-fi, n., a turning again; the
anthropophagy, an-thrO-pofa-ji, n. cannibalism.
Antic, antik, adj., that has been before ; antique: strophe. stanza ofa song exactly answering the previous
odd; fanciful; ridiculous.. a fantastic figure; antistropfii, Strophe.adj.
See antUtroph'lc. [Gr.
a turning, streplid, to turn.]
a buffoon : buffoonery ; a trick. [L. anticus, Antithesis,
antiquus-ante, before.] an-tith'e-sis, n. .*//. Antith eses, -sez, a
Antichrist, anti-krHt, w. the great opposer of Christ placing against ; contrast of thoughts or words :
opposition. [Gr.anti,3iga.inst,titkemi, to place.]
and Christianity. [Gr. anti, against, Christ.] antithetic, an-ii-thet'ik, antithetical, an-ti-thet'ik-al,
adj. antichristlnn, an-ti-krist'yan.
Anticipate, an-tis'i-pat, v.t., to take or act before the adj. contrasting ; opposed.adv. antithetically.
time ; to pre-occupy, foretaste, or foresee :pr.p. Antitype, an'ti-tTp, . that which corresponds to the
anticipating; pa.p. antic'iputed. [L. anticipo type; that of which Uie type is the pattern or
ante, before, caput, to take.]adj. anticipatory, prcfiguration. [Gr. anti, corresponding to, typos,
anticipation, an-tis-i-pa'shun, ., t)ic act of antici a type.]adj. antitypical.adv. antityp'lcally.
pating: foretaste; previous notion. Antler, antler, . the branch of a stag's horn.adj.
AntJ-cUmax. an-ti-klTtnaks, n., the opposite of ant'lered, having antlers. [Fr. andouillerold
climax; a sentence in which the ideas become Fr. antoilier; perhaps from L. ante, before.]
less important at the close. [Gr. anti, against, AntcecL See Antsdans.
;ifid Climax. J Anns, a'nus, n. lower orifice of the bowels. [L.]
Anticlinal, an-ti-klfnal, adj., inclining in opposite Anvil, an'vil, n. an iron block on which smiths
directions. [Gr. anti, against, klind, to bend.] hammer their work into shape. [A.S. attfilt, on
Antidotu, anti-dOt, n. that which isgiven against, filtonfllan, to fall upon.]
eras a remedy or preventive. [Gr. antidotos Anxious, angk'shus, adj. suffering mentalpressure;
anti, against, didSmi, to give]adjs. antidotal, greatly troubled. n. aa'xiousneaaadv. an'xl-
aatUe'sieaL ously. ;L. anxiusango, to press tightly.] See
uy, anti-mun-i, . a brittle, white-coloured Anger, Anguish.
fate, far ; me, her ; mine ; mOte ; mute ; mOUn ; Men.
 anxiety
anxiety, ang-zl'e-ti, state of being anxious;
trouble ofmind from doubt or uncertainty. [L.
anxietae.]
Any, en'ni, adj., one indefinitely ; every : whoever ;
whatever.a^fj.an'ythlng, in i?.,at all.anywise,
in any way. See Wise, n. [A.S. amigan, one.]
Aorist, a'o-rist, ft. the name of certain tenses in the
Greek verb which express indefinite time. [Gr.
aoristos, indefinitea, without, horos, limit.]
Aorta, a-orta, n. the great artery that rises up
from the left ventricle of the heart.adjs. aortal,
aortic. [Gr. aortiacirti, to raise up.]
Apace, a-paV, adv., at a great pace ; swiftly.
Apart, a-part', adj.partedfrom ; separately ; aside.
[Fr. apart/L. Pars, Partis, a part.]
apartment, a-part'ment, n. a room apart; a room.
Apathy, ap'a-thi, ., want offueling; indifTerencc.
adj. apathetic. [Gr. a, wantof,pathos, feeling.]
Ape, 5p, n. a tailless monkey ; a silly imitator.v. t.
to imitate, as an ape ; to mimic :pr.p. Sp'ing ;
pa.p. aped'. [A.S. a/a.}apish, apish, adj. tike
an ape. adv. ap'lahly.n. ap'ishness.
Aperient, a-pe'ri-ent, aperitive, a-peri-tiv, adj.,
opening; gently purgative.n. a mild purgative.
[L. aperiens, -entisaperiof apertus, to open.]
aperture, ap'er-tur, n. an opening; a hole.
Apex, a'peks, ., the summit or point.//, apexes,
fi'peks-ez, aptcee, ap'i-scz. [L.J
Aphjereais, a-fe'rf-sis, n. the taking of a letter or
syllable from the beginning of a word. [Gr.
apo, from, haired, to take.]
Aphelion, a-feli-on, . the point of a planet's orbit
furthest awayfrom the sun. [Gr. apo, from,
hilios, the sun. ]
Aphorism, afor-izm, . that which bounds or de
fines; a definition ; a short pithy sentence. [Gr.
aphorismos~apo, and horos, a bound.]
aphoristic,af-or-is tik,aphorltlcsJ,af-or-is'tik-al,*ay.,
- in theform ofan aphorism.adv. aphoris'tically.
Aphthong, afthong, ft. a letter or letters without
sound. [Gr. a, without, phthongos, a sound.]
Apiary, 5'pi-ar-i. n. a place where bees are kept. [L.
apiariumaPis, a bee.]
apiarist, a'pi-ar4st, ., one who keeps an apiary.
Apiece, a-peV, adv., inPiece; to each.
Apocalypse, a-pok'a-lips, w., that which takes the
cover from ; revelation ; disclosure : a name of
the last book of the New Testament. [Gr. apo,
from, kalyptd, kalyPsd, to cover.]adj. apoca
lyptic, apocalyp'tlcal.
Apocope, a-pok'5-p, ., the cutting offor omission
of the last letter or syllable of a word. [Gr, apo,
from, koptb, to cut.]
Apocrypha, a-pok'ri-fa, things hiddenfrom;
books whose authenticity as inspired writings is
not admitted. [Gr. apo, from, kryptb, to hide.]
adj. apoc'ryphaJ.
Apodal, ap'od-al, adj., withoutfeet or ventral fins.
[Gr. a, without, Pons, podos, a foot.]
Apogee, ap'u-jc, n. the point in the moon's orbit
furthest awayfrom the earth, [Gr. apo, from,
gi, the earth.]
Apology, a-pol'5-ji, ., a speaking one's self out of
a difficulty ; a defence ; excuse. [Gr. apologia
apo, from, legb, to speak. ]
apologise, a-pol fl-jlz, v.i. to plead for or in excuse of:
Pr-P apol'ogising ; Pa.p. apol'GgTscd.
apologtrer, a-pol 6-jIz-er, apologist, a-pol'O-jist, .,
one who makes an apology; a defender.
fate, far ; mi, her ; mine ;
xl
appellative
apologetic, a-pol-5-jct'ik, apologetlcal, a-pol-o-jetl-
kal, adj. excusing; said in defence.n.sing.
apologetics, the branch oftheology which defends
the Scriptures.adv. apologetically,
apologue, ap'ol-og, . a moral /a/*; a fable. (Gr. abo-
logos, a taleapo, from, logos, a speech, a tale.]
Apophthegm, the more correct but less usual form
of Apothegm.
Apoplexy, ap'o-plek-si, n. deprivation, by a sudden
stroke, ofsenseand the powerofmotion. [Gr. apo-
Plijciaapo,8cplissd, tostrike.]adj. apoplectic.
Apostasy, Apostacy, a-pos'ta-si, ., a standingaway
from; desertion of one's religion, principles, or
party. [Gr. apostasisafo, from, histimi, to
make to stand. Sans. sta.\
apostate, a-pos'tat, n.t one guilty of apostacy; a
renegade.adj. falne, traitorous, fallen.
apostatise, a-pos'ta-tlz, v.i., to commit apostacy:
Pr.p. apos tatTsing ; Pa.p. apos'tatlsed.
Apostle, a-posl, n., one sent away on some mission ;
one sent to preach the gospel. [Gr. apo, away,
stelld, to send.]ns. apostleahlp, apos'tolate.
adjs. apostolic, apostol'ical.adv. apostol'ically.
Apostrophe, a-pos'tro-fe, n., a turning away; a
turning from the subject to address the absent
or^tad as if present; a mark {') shewing that a
word is contracted.adj. apostroph'ic. [Gr. apos-
trophiapo, from, strephd, to turn.]
apostrophise, a-pos'tro-fiz, v.t. to address by apos
trophe.v.i. to make an apostrophe '.pr.p.
apos'trophising ; pa.p. apos'trophTsed. *
Apothecary, a-poth'e-kar-i, n. orig. the keeper of a
storehouse; one who is licensea to dispense medi
cine and to act as a medical practitioner. [L. apo-
theca; Gr. apotktk?, a storehouseapo, & thike,
a case to place anything intithlmt, to place.]
Apothegm, Apophthegm, ap'o-them, . something
spoken out plainly; a terse, pointed saying.
[Gr. apo, and phthengomai, to speak plainly.]
Apotheosis, ap-o-thC'6-sis, . the making away
(from being human) into a god; deification. [Gr.
apothebsisapo, away, and theos, a god.]
Appal, ap-pawl', v.t. to cause to turn pale or pal/id;
to terrify :Pr.p. appall'ing ; Pa.p. appalled'. [L-
palleo, to be pale.]
Appanage, ap'pan-aj, n.,frevision ; lands set apart
by a prince as provision for his younger sons ;
provision for a dependent. [Fr. apanageI*
Panis, bread.]
Apparatus, ap-pa-ra'tus, . things Prepared or pro
vided; set of instruments or tools ; furniture. [L.
ad, to, paratus, preparedparo, to prepare.]
Apparel, ap-par'el, n. the putting like to like; a
suit ; clothing; dress. [Fr. appareilpareil,
likeL. Par, equal, like.]
apparel, ap-par'el, v.t. to prepare, suit, dress, de
corate '.pr.p. apparelling ; pa.p. apparelled.
Apparent, Apparition. See under Appear.
Appeal ap-pel', v.i., to call to; to bring before one ;
to address the leclings ; to refer;- to have re
course.v.t. to call or remove, as :* cause:pr.p.
appeal'ing ; Pa.p. appealed'. [L. appello, appel-
latusad, to, and oos. Pello, to call, to name.]
appeal,ap-peT,n.,actofappealing.adj.appealable.
appellant, ap-pcTant, n., one who appeals.
appellate, ap-pel'at. adj., relating to appeals,
appellation, ap-pcl-i'shun, ., a name.
appellative, ap-pel'a-tiv, n., a name common to
all of the same kind.adj. common to many ;
general.adv. appelTattvely.
mOte ; mute ; mOon ; Men.
 Appear
Appear, ap-per', v.Lt to com*forth to so as to be
seen ; to dc or to become visible or present ; to
seem 'pr.p. appearing ; pa.p. appeared'. [L.
apparroad,
appearance, to, pareo,pariturn,
ap-peVans, ., the act ofto come forth.]
appearing;
the thing seen ; presence ; show.
ap-pa'rent, adj., appearing', that may
be seen; visible; evident.-adv. apparently.n.
appamtaem [L. apparensad, andpareo.]
apparition, ap-pa-rish'un, an appearance; any
thing visible ; a ghost ; spectre,
apparitor, ap-parlt-or, n., one who appears or at
tends ; a messenger in an ecclesiastical court ; a
beadle in a university.
Appeasa, ap-per/, v.t. to bring toPeace; to quiet
pr.p. appeas'ing ; pa.p. appeased'. [Fr. appaiser
ad, to,P*ix,X. pax, peace.]adj. appeasable.
Appellant, Appellation. See under Appeal.
Append, ap-pend', v.t., to hang one thing to another ;
to add '-pr.P. appending ; pa.p. append'ed. [L.
ad, to, Pendo, to hang.] [subordinate,
appendage, ap-pend'aj, ., something added, as
appendix, .ip-peod'iks, n., something added.pi.
appendixes, Iks-ez, appendices, ts-ez.
Appertain, ap^per-tan', v.u, topertain or belong to :
pr.p. appertaining ; Pa.p. appertained'. feV ad,
to, pertineo, to belongper, and teneo, to hold,j
amarteaiaaee, ap-pur'tcn-ans, n., that which apper-
r or belongs to. [Fr. appartenance.]
mant, ap-pur'tcn-ant, adj., belonging to.
x, ap'pe-tens, appetency, ap'pe-tcn-si, m,f a
g after; sensual desire. [L. appetentia
ad, to, peto, to seek. ]
ippetiae, ap'p*-tlz, v.t.,tocreateanappetite ;towhet
the appetite '.pr.p. ap'pttlsing ;^.j*.ap pctlsed.
~ ap'pe'-tlt, n. natural desire ; hunger.
, ap-plawd', v.t. to praise by clapping the
( ; to laud ; to praise loudly :pr.P. ap
plauding ; pa.p. applaud ed. [ L. applaudoad,
to, plaudo, plausur, to clap.]
applause, ap-plawr', rt,praise expressed byclapping
the hands ; approbation,
applaiuava, ap-piawrlv, adj., containing applause.
Apple, ap'pl. n. the fruit of the apple-tree; the
pupil of the eye. [A.S. <rpl.\
Apply, ap-plr*, v.t., to fold upon; to lay: to em
ploy ; to devote : to fix the mind on. v.i. to suit :
to solicit ; to make request :pr.p. applying ;
pa.p. applied', [old Fr. applier; L. applico
ad, to, plico, plicatum, to fold.]
eppUable, ap-pli'a-bi, adj., that may be applied.
appliance, ap-plTans, act ofapplying: the thing
applied.
applicable, ap'pli-ka-b!, adj., that may be applied;
suitable.adv. ap'pucably.n. applicability,
applicant; ap/pU-kant. n., one who applies.
application, ap-pli-ka shun, *., the act ofapplying:
the thing applied : close study or attention.
Appoint, ap-poinr', v.t. to bring to aPoint; to fix ;
to settle : to equip, [old Fr. appointerh. ad,
to, punctum, a point.]
appointment, ap-point'ment, n., act of appointing'.
settlement ; situation : decree ; order :in
equipments.
Apportion. ap-pOrahun, v.t., to portion out to; to
divide ana distribute in just shares. [L. ad, to,
and PortionJn. apportionment.
, ap po-nt, adj., put to; adapted or appli
cable to; suitable, [h.ad, to, fono, positus,
to place.}adv. ap'poaitely.. ap poslteness.
fite, far; mc, her; mine ;
Appurtenance
. ap-po^zish'un, n., the act ofadding to r
the state of being placed together or against ; in
gram,, the placing together of two nouns, one of
which explains the other.
Appraise, ap-praz', v.t. to set a price on, to value
with a view to sale :Pr.p. appraising ;
appraised'. [Fr. apprecierL. ad, to, pretium,
price.]n. appraisement,
appraiser, ap-prar'cr, n., one who appraises.
Appreciate, ap-preVii-at, v.t. to set a price on, to
value, to estimate justlyused figuratively:
Pr.p. appreciating ; Pa.p. appreciated..
appreciation. [Fr. apprecierU. ad, to, pre
tium, price.] See Appraise,
appreciable, ap-pr'shi-a-bl, adj., that may be
appreciated.adv. appreciably.
Apprehend, ap-prc-hend', v.t. lit. to lay hold of
(with the hand)so in B. ; to seize ; to catch the
meaning of; to understand : to fear:Pr.p. ap
prehending ;pa.p. apprehend'ed. [L. apprehendo
ad, to, prehendo, prehensus, to lay hold of.]
See Hand. [apprehended.
apprehensible, ap-pre-hen'si-bl, adj. , that may be
apprehension, ap-prf-hen'shun, n., act ofapprehend
ing ; seizure : conception : fear,
apprehensive, ap-prfi-hen'siv, adj. fearful ; suspici
ous.adv. apprehensively.. apprehen'slveness.
Apprentice, ap-pren'tis, n. lit. a learner ; one bound
to another, to learn a trade or art.v.t. to bind
as an apprentice :pr.p. apprenticing ; Pa.p.
apprenticed.n. apprenticeship. [Fr. apprents\
a learnerapprendre, to learn ; L. apprehendo.}'
Sec Apprehend.
Apprise, ap-prlz'j v.t. to cause to apprehend; to
instruct ; to inform :pr.p, apprising ; pa.p.
apprised'. [Fr. apprisapprendre, to learn, to
instruct ; L. apprehendo.} See Apprehend.
Approach, ap-prOch', v.t. to draw near to; to re
semble.v.t. to draw near:Ar.p. approach'-
ing ; pa.p. approached'.. a drawing near to ;
access ; a path or avenue.adj. approach'able.
[Fr. approcher; Prov. appropjar; low L. ap-
prvpiareh. ad, to, Prope, near.]
Approbation. See under Approve.
Appropriate, ap-prG'pri-at, v.t. to take to one** m7,
as one's own property; to set apart for a pur
pose \Pr.p. appro'pn.tting ; pa.p. appropriated.
adj. peculiar ; suitable.adv. appro priately.
[Fr. approprierL. ad, \o,proprius, one's own.]
appropriateness, ap-prO'pn-at-nes, n.t suitableness.
appropriation, ap-pro-pn-a'shun, n., act ofappropri
ating: application to a particular purpose.
Approve, ap-pro"oV, v.t. lit. to put to tlte proof to
Proveso in B. ; to pronounce good; to com
mend; to be pleased with :prp. approving;
Pa.p. approved'.adv. approvingly.adj. ap-
proVable. [Fr. approuver; L. approboad, to,
Probo, to prove-frobus, good.]
approval, ap-prO~oval, approbation, ap-prB-ba'shun,
n., act ofapproznne; commendation; sanction,
approve*, ap-prov'n, old Pa.p. of Approve.
Approximate, ap-prok'si-mat, adj., in proximity
to; nearest or next to.v.t. to bring near to.
, v.i. to come near to; to approach :pr.p.
approximating ; Pa.p. approximated. adv.
approximately. [L,. ad, to, proximiis, nearest,
nextprope, near.]
approximation, ap-prok-si-mashun, ., a drawing
near to ; an approach.
See under Appertain.
mOte ; mate; moon; ///en.
 Apricot
Apricot, 5'pri-kot, . lit. the tarty ripe I a wall-
fruit of the plum kind, [formerly spelled aj>ri-
cockFr. abricot ; L. [malum) prtrcox, early
ripe (apple);prae, before, coquo, to ripen.]
April, i'pril, n. the fourth month of the year, when
the earth opens to bring forth fruits, &c. [L.
Aprilisaperilis, from aperio, to open.]
Apron, ii'pron, ., a cloth or leather worn before to
protect the dress, [probably from old Fr. nape-
ronnape, a cloth.]
Apropos, ap rO-pvS, adv. , to thepurpose; seasonably ;
in reference to. [Fr. a, to, prvpos, purpose.]
ApM, aps, n. an arched recess at the cast end of
the choir of an Anglo-Saxon church. [L. apsis;
Or. ha^sis, an arch, a vault.]
apsis, ap'sis, ., the curvature or turning-point of a
planet's orbit ; the point at which the planet is at
its greatest or least distance from the sun or ihe
earth-//. apsides, ap'si-dCz, apses, ap'ser. [Gr.
ttapsis, a curved formhaptd, to connect.]
Apt,apt, adj., joined orfitted; fit: liable; inclined
to: rendy ; quick.adz>. aptly. [L. aptus, fit;
Gr. haptd, to join.]
aptitude, ap'ti-tud, aptness, apt'nes, fitness:
tendency : readiness.
Apteral, apscr-al, adj. , without wings. [Gr. a,
without, ptcra, wings.]
apteryx, ap'ter-iks, ti. a genus of birds found in
New Zealand with short rudiments of'Mings and
without a tail. [Gr. a, without, ptery.t, a wing.]
Aptitude. Sec under Apt.
Aptote, ap'tGt, . a noun -without eases. [Gr. a,
without, ptosis, a falling, a casepiptS, to fall.]
Aquafortis, ak'wa-for'tis, . lit. strong water; nitric
acid. [L. aqua, water,fortis, strong.]
aquarium, a-kwa'ri-um, n. a tank or artificial pond
for wcrVrpIantsand animals. [L.aqua, water.]
Aquarius, a-kwii'ri-us, ., the water-bearer; a sign
in the zodiac.
aquatic, a-kwat'ik, adj.,pertaining to water; living
or growing in water.7i.pl. aquat ic*, 'iks, amuse
ments on the water, as boating, Sec.
aqueduct, ak'we-dukt. . an artificial channel for
conveying water. [L. aqua, water, duco, ductus,
to lead, convey.]
aqueous, ii'kwe-us, adj., watery ; made by water.
Aquiline, ak'wi-Hn, or -lin. adj. , ofthe eagle; hooked
like the beak of an eagle. [L.aquilinusaquila,
an eagleroot ac, sharp.]
Arab, ar'ab, ri. a native of Arabia,
Arabesque, ar'a-besk, adj. after the manner of
Arabian architecture.//, a painted or sculp
tured ornament consisting of imaginary foliage,
&c. without animals. [Fr.]
Arabian, a-rii'bi-an, Arabic, ar'ab-ik, adj., belonging
to Arabia.
Arable, ar'a-bl, adj., ft for ploughing or tillage.
[I ar.ibilis, from aro, to plough ; Gr. aro-d.)
Aramaic, ar-a-mu'ik, Aramean, ar-a-m5'an, adj. per
taining to ihe Syrians and Chaldeans. [Aram,
a son of Shcm.]
Arbiter, iiKbit-cr, . lit. one who goes to something
in order to see or hear it ; a person chosen by
parties in controversy to decide between them ;
an uncontrollable judge ; an umpire.feu:, ar'bl-
tress. [h. arbiter, a spectator, judgear ad,
to, bito, to go.]
arbitrament, ar-bit'ra-mcnt, the decision of an
arbiter; determination; choice.
fate, far ; m, her ; mine ;
Archdeacon
arbitrary, aYbi-trnr-i, adj. depending on the will;
despotic; absolute.adv. arbitrarily.. arbi
trariness.
arbitrate, ar^bi-trat, v.i., to act as an arbiter; to
give judgment.v.t. to decide ; to determine :
pr.p. arbitrating ; pa.f. arbitrated. [L. arbi-
tror, arbitratusarbiter.]
arbitration, ar-bi-tr;Vshun, ., the act of arbitrat
ing ; the determination of a controversy by one
or more persons chosen for the purpose.
arbitrator, ar'bi-tr2t-or, n., one who arbitrates ; a.
judge : an arbiter.fem. arliltratrix.
Arbor, ar'bor, n. lit. a free ; the principal axis
which communicates motion to the other parts
of a machine. [L. arbor, a tree.]
arboreous, nr-bu're-us. arborous, a/bor-us, adj. be
longing to trees. [L. arboreusarbor.]
arborescent, ar-bor-cs'ent, adj., grooving or formed
tike a tree.n. arborea'cence. [L. arborescens.]
arboretum, ar-bor-e'tum, . a place in which speci
mens of trees and shrubs are cultivated. [L.]
arboriculture, ar-bor-i-kul'tur, n., the culture of
trees and shrubs.adj. arborlcultural [L. arbor,
arboris, aud culture.]
arboriculturist, ar-bor-i-kul'tur-ist, ., one who prac
tises arboriculture.
Arbour, aVbur, w. orig. a place for the cultivation
of herbs ; an enclosed scat in a garden covered
with branches of trees, plants, &c. ; a bower.
[oldE. herbere.]
Arc, ark, *., an arch ; a segment or part of a circle.
[L. anus, a bow.]
arcade, ar-kJid', n. a w.ilk or street arched over.
[Fr.L. arcus.]
Arcadian, ar-ka'di-an, adj. relating to Arcadia, a
district in Greece ; pastoral ; rural.
Arcana, Arcanum. Sec under Ark.
Arch, arch, n.,an arc ; a part of a circle or curve ; a
concave or structure of stone or brick, supported
by its own curve.v.t. to cover with an arch :
Pr.p. arch ing ; pa.p. arched'. [L. arcus, a bow.]
Arch, arch, adj. cunning, as a rogue; sly ; waggish :
mirthful; shrewd. [A.S. arg, carg, had, idle;
Ger. arg, bad, crafty; Gr. argos, idle, slow.]
adv. archly.n. archness.
Arch, arch (ark, before a vowcl\ adj., chief; prin
cipal, (used mostly as a prefix) [Gr. archos,
chiefarche, beginning, rul - i
Archeology, ar-ke-ol'o-ji, ., a discourse on ancient
things; the science of antiquities. [Gr. archaits,
ancientarctic, beginning, logos, discourse.]
adj. archasolog'lcal.adv. archjeologlcally.
archaologist, ar-ke-ol'o-jist, v., a student ofarche
ology.
Archaic, ar-kaik, adj., ancient; obsolete. [Gr.
archaikosarcli?, beginning.]
archaism, arlta-izm, rt., an ancient or obsolete
word or phrase.
Archangel, ark-fin'jel, n., a chief angel; an angel
of the highest order.adj. archangel'ic. [Arch,
chief, and Angel.]
Archbishop, arch-bish'op, ., a chief bishep ; the
bishop of a province as well as of his own diocese.
| Arch, chief, and Bishop.]n. archbishopric, the
jurisdiction, place, or province ofan archbishop.
n. archleplscopacy, ark-i-C-pis'ko-pa-si, n., the
state, dignity, and office ofan arciibishop.adj.
arcliiepis copal, ofan archbishep.
Archdeacon, arch-de'kn, n., a chiefdeacon ; an ecclo
mOtc ; mute ; muun; Men.
 Archduke arm
txastic next in rank below a bishop* [Arch, the ship Argo in search of the golden fleece.
chief, and Deacon .. archdes'conry, the office, [Gr. Argd, and uautes, a sailor.]
jurisdiction, or residence of an archdeacon.n. argoey, ir'go-si, n. a merchant vessel richly laden.
archdea'conahlp, the office of an archdeacon. Argue, aVgO, v. I. lit. to maker/Mr; to prove or per
adj. archldlacoual, ar-ki-di-ak'on-al, of an arch suade by reasoning ; to discuss.v.i. to offer rea
deacon. sons; to dispute :~^r./. ar'giiing; pa.p. ar'gu'ed.
Archduke, arch-duk', n. , a chiefduke ; a prince of [L. arguo, prob. from Gr. argds, clear.]
Austria.-/em. archduch'ess. [Arch, chief, and argument, aVgu-mcnt, n, a reason offered as proof;
TJolU ;adj. archdu'cal.ns. archduchy, arch a scries of reasons : a discussion : subject, of a
dukedom, tlie territory of an archduke or arch discourse. [L. argumentumarguo, to prove.]
duchess. argumentation, ar-gu-ment-fi'shun, . the process or
act of reasoning.
Archer,arch'cr.fi.onc whoshoots arrows from an arch argumentative,
or bow./em. arch'erea. [Fr. ; L. arms, a bow. J or addicted toar-gu-ment'n-tiv, adj., consisting of
archery, irch'er-i, tJuartar practice ojan archer. n. argument.adv. argument'atively.
argument'ativenees.
Archetype, arTcJ-tlp, ., the original type; the ori Argus, itr'gus, ft. a fabulous being said to have had
ginal model from which a thing is made.adj. a hundred eyes; any very watchful person. [Gr.
archetyp'al. [Gr. arche, original, typos, a type.]
Archidlscooal. See Archdeacon. argos, bright.]
ArcMeputcopacy, Archieplscopal. See Archbishop. Arian, andria
a'ri-an, adj. pertaining to Arius of Alex
(4th century), who denied the divinity of
Archipelago, ar-ki-pefa-gO, ., the chiefsea of the Christ.. one of the sect of Arius; a Unitarian.
Greeks, or the Aegean Sea ; a sea abounding in Arianism, a'ri-an-ism, n. the doctrines of the Arians ;
small islands. (Gr. archos, chief, or a corruption Unitarianism.
of Aigaios, rEgean, and pelagos, sea.J
Architect, arki-tekt, ., the chiefbuilder; one who areo, to be dry.) parched. [L. aridus, dry
Arid, arid, adj., dry;
designs buildings and superintends their erection ; aridity, ar-id'i-ti, aridneu, artd-nes, ., dryness.
a maker. [Gr. archos, chief, tektdn, a builder.]
architecture, arTii-tck-tur, ., the art ox science of Ariea, a'ri-ez, n., the Ram, the first of the twelve
signs of the zodiac. [L.]
building: frame ; structure : workmanship.adj. Aright, a-rftf, adv., in a right way ; rightly. [A.S.
archltec tural,
Architrave, aVki-trav, the chiefbeam ; in arch., Ariie, a, in, riht, right.]
the part ofan enLablature whicli rests immediately proceed from a-rlz', z'.i., to rise up; to come into view ; to
on the column. [Gr. archos, chief, It. trave, L. arOse'. [A.S. :Pr.p. aris'ing ;Pa.p. aris'en ; pad.
arisan.] Sec Rise.
irabs, a beam.]
Archives, aVklvz, tt.pl. the place in which the re- Aristarchy, arfs-tar-ki, ., government by the best
men; a body of good men in power. [Gr.aristoj,
curds of a magistrate's court were or are kept ; best, archi, government.]
public records. [Fr. ; Gr. archetonarche, rule.]
Arctic, Srk'tik, adj. relating to the constellation, the Aristocracy, ar-is-tok'ra-si, ., government by the
Great Hear, or to the north. [Gr. arktos, a bear.] persons of the
best-born, nobles ; the nobility or chict
a state. [Gr. aristos, best, kratos,
aVdent, adj., burning; fiery; passionate. strength, government.]
adv. ar'dently, [L. ardensardeo, to burn.]
ey, arclcn-si, ardour, ar'dor, . warmth of pas aristocrat, aPis-to-krat, or ar-is'to-krat, ., one who
belongs to or favours an aristocracy.
sion or feeling; eagerness. aristocratic, ar-is-to-krat'ik, aristocratlcal, ar-is-to-
Arduous, aVdfi-us. adj. X\\..high; difficult to accom
plish ; laborious.adv. arduously.n. ar'duous- krat'ik-al,adv.
adj., belonging to the aristocracy.
aristocrat'ically.
ness. [L. arduus, steep.]
Are, ir, the plural of the present indicative of the Arletotelian, ar-is-to-teli-an, adj., relating to Aris
totle, a Greek philosopher, or to his philosophy.
verb to be. [Dan. er,\
Area, 5're-a. n. orig. a place where corn was dried; Arithmetic, a-rith'me-tik, n. the art of numbering ;
the science of numbers. [Gr. arithmos, number.]
any plain surface or enclosed space ; the sunken arithmetical,
space around the basement of a building ; the metic.adv.ar-ith-met/i-kal, arithmetically.
adj., cf or by arith
superficial contents of any figure. [L. prob. arithmetician, ar-ith-mc-tish'an, ., one skilled in
from areo, to be dry.] arithmetic.
Arefactlon. ar-e"-fak'shun, ., the act of drying: Ark, ark, ., a chest or box ; a large floating vessel.
state of growing dry. [L. arefacio, to make [A.S. arc or care ; L. area, a chest. 1
dryarea, to be dry,facio,factum, to make.] arcanum, ar-ki'num, n. something enclosedas in an
Arena, a-rCna, n. lit. sand; an open space strewed ark; a secret; generally used in the pi. arcana,
with sand for combatants; any place of public secrets, mysteries. [L. area.]
contest. [L. arena, sandareo, to he dry.] Arm, arm, n., lit. ajoint ; the limb extending from
arenaceous, ar-6-ni'shc-us, adj., sandy. the shoulder to the hand: anything projecting
Areopagus, ar-S-or/a-gus, ., Mars' hill, on which from
the supreme court of ancient Athens was held ; power.a [A.S. main body, as an inlet of the sea: fig.,
arm, earm ; h.armus, theshoulder
the court itself. [Gr. Arts, Mars, fagos, a hill. ] joint ; Gr. harmos, a jointan?, to join to.]n.
areopaglte, ar-e-op'a-jlt, ,, a member oftheAreop arm'ful. adj arm'less.
agus.
Argent, aVjcnt, Argentine, 5Vjent-in, or -in, adj. like armpit, arm'pit, . the pitlittle
armlet, armlet, n. lit. a arm; a bracelet.
silver. [L. argentnm, silver Gr. argos, bright.] Arms, iirmz, nfl. weaponsorofhollow under the arm.
Argillaceous, ir-iil-la'shus, adj., clayey. [L. ar~ war: armorial ensigns. [L. offence or defence:
arma ; Gad. arm,
gilla, white clay, Gr. argillosargos, white.] a weaponprob. derived from the human arm.]
Argonaat, aYgij-nawt, n.,one of those who sailedin arm, arm, v.t., tofurnish or equip with arms: to
fate, far ; me, her ; mine ; mOte ; mute ; mCOn ; then.
 armada
provide against.v.i. to take arms 'Pr.p. arm'-
ing ; Pa.p. armed'. [L. armo, to arm.]
armada, ar-mS'da, n. a fleet of armed skips. [ Sp. ;
It. armata; L. amd.)
armadillo, ar-ma-dil'u, n. a small quadruped of S.
America armed with a bony shell. [Sp.L.
arma.]
armament, aVma-ment, n. forces armedor equipped
for war ; the guns, &c with which a ship is
armed. [L. armamenta-arma.]
annlrtice. jr'm: -tis, n. a short stoppage of arms or
hostilities by mutual agreement. [Fr. armistice
L. arma, and xtrfo, to stop.]
aimour, arm'or, n. defensive arms or dress,
armorial, ar-mO'ri-al, adj., belonging to armour or
to the arms of a family,
armourer, armorer, arm or-er, n., a maker ofor one
who has the charge of armour.
armoury, armory, arm'or-i, n. the place in which
arms are made or kept,
army, arrni, n. a large body of men armed for
war : a vast number. [Fr. armie; It. armata ;
L. arma.]
Armenian, ar-mc*ni-an, adj. belonging to Armenia.
Armlnlan, ar-min'yan, adj. belonging to Arminius,
a Dutch divine, who denied the doctrine of pre
destination, and advocated the doctrines of free
will and universal redemption.. one who holds
the doctrines of Arminius.
Armlnlantea, ar-min'yan-izm, n. the doctrines of
the Arminians.
Armorlc, ar-mor'ik, adj. belonging to Brittany in
the N.W. of France, formerly called Armorica.
[Celt. art on, near, mor, the sea.]
Aroma, a-rC'ma, n., sweet smell; the odorous prin-
ciple in plants. [Gr.]
aromatic, ar-O-matik, adj., sweet scented; spicy.
h. a fragrant plant or drug; a perfume.
aromatlie, a-rO'ma-tlz. v.t., to render aromatic ; to
perfume :/r./. aro'matlsing ; Pa.p. arO'matlsed.
Atom, a-rflz', did arisepast tense of Arise.
Around, a-round'j , round; on all sides of.
adv. on every side ; in a circle, [a, on, and Round.]
ArouBe, a-rou/. Same as Rouse.
Arquebuae, Arquebus, arTiwi-bus, sometimes Har
quebus, n. lit. a hooked gun : an old-fashioned
hand-gun. [Fr. ; It. archibuso ; old Yr.harque-
buse; Dutch, kaeci-busse; Gcr. hakcnbUchse
/tarck, a hook, buss or bUckse, a firearm.]
Arrack, ar'ak, . in eastern countries the name of
any ardent spirit, especially that distilled from
the cocoa-nut, palms, or rice. [Hind.]
Arraign, ar-ran', v.t. to call one to account, or to
give reasons for his conduct ; to set a prisoner at
the bar; to accuse:Pr.p. arraigning; Pa.p.
arraigned', [old Fr. arraigner, arraisonner
low L. arrationaread, to, rationes, account,
reasons.]ft. arralgn'ment.
Arrange, ar-ranj', v.t., to range or set in a rank
or row ; to put in proper order ; to prepare
pr.p. arrSng ng ; Pa.p. arranged'. [ Fr. arranger,
ad, rangerrang, a rank or row.]
arrangement, ar-ranj'ment, ., act of arranging :
settlement ; classification.
Arrant, arrant, adj., very bad; notorious. [A.S.
and Ger. arg, bad.] See Arch, cunning.
Arna, arras, n. tapestry. [Arras, in the north of
France, where it was first manufactured.]
Array, ar-ra', v.t., to get ready; to put in order;
to arrange ; to dress ; to adorn '.pr.p. arraying ;
fate, far ; me, her ; mine ;
* artistic
Pa.p. arrayed'.. order ; dress ; show. [It. arre-
dare; old Fr. arroyer, arrter, to set in order.]
Arrear, ar-rCV, in the rear; that which is at the
back or behind ; that which remains unpaid after
It is due(used mostly in //.) [Fr. arriire, be
hindL. ad, to, retro, back, behind.]
Arrest, ar-rest', v.t. to bring to rest or to a stand-
still; to stop ; to seize '.pr.p. arresrtng ; Pa.p.
arrest'ed.n. stoppage; hinderance; seizure by
warrant [Fr. arriter for arrester; It. arrestart
L. ad, to, resto, to stand stilL] See Beat.
Arrive, ar-rTv/, v.i. to come to tke bank or shore ;
to reach '.pr.p. arriving ; Pa.p. arrived'. [Fr.
arriver, to arrive; It. arrivare ; low L. adri-
PareL. ad, to, ripa, a bank.]
arrival, ar-rlv'al, n., the act of arriving at or
coming to a place : persons or things that arrive.
Arrogate, arrd-gat, v.t. to lay claim to as one's
own ; to claim proudly or unduly ; to assume :
pr.p. arrogating ; pa.p. arrogated, [L. arroge
ad. to, rogo, rogatus, to ask, to claim.]
arrogant, arrO-gant, adj., claiming too much ; as*
suming ; overbearing ; proud.adv. arrogantly.
h. arrogancein /'., ar'rogaacy.
arrog&Uon, ar-r0-g5'shun, ., act of arrogating ;
undue assumption.
Arrow, arVo, n. a straight, pointed weapon, made
to be shot from a bow. [A.S. arewe.]
arrowy, arVO-i, adj., ofor like arrows.
Axrowroot, arrO-rOot, n. a starch obtained from
the roots of certain plants growing chiefly in W.
Indies, and used as food for invalids and children.
[am, the Indian name of the plant.]
Arsenal, aVse'-nal, n. a public magazine or manu
factory of naval and military stores. [Fr. and
Sp. ; It. arsenate, arxana, a dockyard ; Ar. ddr
canah, house of industry..]
Arsenic, ar'sen-ik, n. a strong mineral poison ; a
soft, brittle, gray-coloured metal. [Gr. arseni-
konarsen, masculine, strong.]
arsenical, ar-sen'i-kal, adj.,ofotcontainingarsenic.
Arson, ar'son, n. the crime of burning houses, &c
[old Fr. arsonL. ardeo, arsum, to burn.]
Art, Srt, ad pers. sing, of the present tense of the
verb to be. [A.S. eart.]
Art, irt, n. lit. skill injoining or working; practi
cal skill guided by rules : the rules and method
of doing a thing well : a profession or trade ;
skill ; contrivance ; cunning. [L. art, arfis
prob. from ar, the root of Gr. artt, to fit.]
artful, IrtTool, adj.. pull of art; performed with
art ; artificial : skilful : cunning; deceitful.adv.
art'fully.n. art'fulness.
artifice, art' i-fis, n. a contrivance made with art or
skill : a trick. [L. ars, artis, andfacia, to make.]
artificer, ar-tifIs-cr, . , one who makes by art ; a
contriver ; a workman.
artificial, firt-i-fish'yal, adj., made by art ; not nat
ural ; cultivated ; feigned.adv. artific ialiy.
artillery, ar-uT6r-i, . offensive weapons of war
made by art, chiefly cannon, mortars, &c. with
their appendages : the men who manage them :
gunnery. [Fr. artilUrieold Fr, artilUr, to
make byart, to make weaponsL. ars, artis, art.]
artisan, arVi-zan, n., one skilled in any art or trade ;
a workman. [Fr. artisan^ from L. ars.)
artist, artist, one skilled tn an art, especially in
one of the fine arts, as painting, sculpture, or
architecture. [Fr. artiste, from L. ars.]
artistic, 5r-tisr*ik, artlstical, ar-tist'ik-al, adj.
mOte ; mute ; mOTm ; Men.
 artless Aspen
Ascetic, as-set'ik,
belonging to an artist; according to art.adv. and self-denial in religious n. one who exercises undue rigour
Miurhilj matters ; a hermit.
iftltu, art^es, adj., without art; without fraud ; adj. excessively rigid in religious exercises ;
simple; sincere.-adv. art leesly. . art'lsssness. recluse. [Gr. asketes, one that uses exercises
asked, to exercise.]n. ascet icism ('i-sizm).
Artery, aVter-i, . lit. the air keener (it beinjj for Asdi, a'shi-I, Ascians, ash'yanz, n. people without
merly believed that the arteries contained air) ; a shadow, as those in the torrid zone, who, at
tube which conveys the blood from the heart to certain seasons of the year, have no shadow at
all parts of the body. [Gr. artfriaair, air, noon, from the sun being right over their heads.
tired, ar-te'n-al,
arterial, to keep.] adj. of or in the arteries. [Gr. askiosa, without, skia, a shadow.]
aiterlallM, ax-t'ri-al-Iz, v.t., to make arterial; to Ascltitloos, as-si-tish'us, adj., added or assumed;
communicate the qualities of arterial blood. additional ; supplemental, [low L. ascititius,
Artesian, ar-t(S'zi-an, adj. applied to wells made by Ascribe, from ascisco, ascitus, to take to or assume.]
boring into the earth until water is found. write toas-krib', v.t. lit. to add to a writing; to
[A rttfis, in the north of France, where these assign tothe:fir.p, account of; to attribute, impute, or
ascrlb'ing ; pa.fi. ascribed'.
wells are said to have been first made.] [L. ad, to, scribo, to write.]
ArUchoks, aVti-chok, n. an esculent plant resem ascribable, as-krlr/a-bl, adj., that may be ascribed.
bling a thistle, but with large scaly heads, like
the cone of the pine. [Fr. artichautAr. ardi- ascription, as-krir/shun, n., act ofascribing.
V, the earth-thorn: or a corruption of It. ber. [AS. aesc.]adjs. tree,
Ash, ash, n. a large hardy valuable for its tim
ash, aah'en, of or like ash.
, /o,
aVti-kl,
Sp. alcacho/aAr.
a smalljoint,al-ckarscku/a.]
or part ; a parti
Ashamed, a-shamd', adj. affected by shame. [A.S.
cular substance ; a single clause, term, or item ; gescamian, ascamian.] See Shame,
in gram., a part of speech, an or a, and the. ihw, ash'ez, n. the dust or remains of anything
[L. artiddusartus, a jointGr. ard, to fit.] burned ; the remains of the human body when
trttels, aVti-kl, v.t. to draw up or bind by articles. burned ; hence, a dead body. [A.S. ascaJ]
v.t. to stipulate :Pa.p. and adj. ar'ticled. ashy, ash'i, adj., like ashes ; ash-coloured ; pale.
irticular, ar-tik'Q-lar, adj., belonging to thejoints. Ash-Wednesday, ash-wenzMa, n. the first day of
trtlealate, ar-tile'u-tilt, adj.. jointed ; distinct ; Lent, so called from the Roman Catholic custom
dear.[adv. articulately. v.t., to joint; to of strewing ashes on the head on that day as a
* ;"*o distinct sounds, syllables, or words ; to sign of penitence.
V.t. to speak distinctly ;fr.p. artic'fl- Ashlar, Ashler, ashler, n. lit. stones laid in rows ;
m A2-/- artic'Qlited. [L. articuso, articu- hewn or squared stone used in building, as dis
a, to utter distinctly, from articulus.] tinguished from unhewn or rough as it comes
tattoo, ar-tik-u-12'shun, n., a joining, as of from the quarry, [prob. Celt, clach, a stone,
the bones : distinct utterance : a consonant. shrcathal, laid in rowssteak, a row.]
Artifice. Artificer, Artificial. See under Art. Ashore, a-shor/, adv., on shore; to the shore; on
Artillery. See under Art. land ; stranded.
Artisan, Artist, Arties*, &c. See under Art. Ash-Wednesday, Ashy. See under Aahss.
Aa. az, adv., aU-so, also; like; similarly; in re Asiatic, fi-sbi-at'ik, adj. belonging to Asia.
spect of; for example ; while.conj. in the same Aiide, a-sld', on or to one side; out of the
or like manner ; that (also used as a reI. pron.) right way ; in private.
[A.S. ealb-swa, old . als, also ; Ger. als, as.] Asinine. See under Ass.
Asafatlda, as-a-fet/id-a, n. a medicinal gum, made Ask, ask, v.t., to seek an answer ; to request ; t
from the juice of an East Indian plant, and inquire; to beg; to question.v.i. to request or
which has an offensive smell. [Per. asset, and petition ; to make inquiry 'fir.p. ask'ing ; Pa.p.
L.jattidus, having a bad smelL] asked (askt). [A.S. acsian, ascian, to seek.]
litestoa, as-bes'tos. Asbestos, as-bes'tus, inde Askance, a-skans', Askant, a-skant/, adv., sideways ;
structible by fire ; an incombustible fibrous awry ; obliquely. [It. schiancio, awry, scancio,
mineral. [Gr. a, without, sbestos, extinguished slanting.]
mumi, to quench, to destroy.] Askew, a-skO', adv., to a side; awry; obliquely;
if as-beVtln, adj. ofor like asbestos; incom- askant. [Gr. skaios, oblique, on the left hand ;
L. scafus : Ger. schicf; Dan. skiev; Dutch,
, as-send', v.t., to climb.v.i. to rise ; to go schuins ; allied to Askance, Squint J
from a lower to a higher degree ; to go backward Aslant, a-slant/, adj. or adv., on the slant; on one
in the order of time :pr.p. ascending ; pa.fi. side ; obliquely.
ascend'ed. [L. ascendo, from ad, to, scando, to Asleep, a-slSu', adj. or adv., on or to sleep ; sleep
climb ; Sans, skmnd, to leap upwards.] ing ; dead.
asoeadant, as-eend'ant, adj. superior ; above the Aslope, a-slop7. adj. or adv., on the slofie ; with a
horizon.n. superiority ; an ancestor, slope or inclination.
ascendency, as-send en-si, n. influence ; power,
asoeiuioa, as-sen'shun, n., act ofascending; a rising Asp, asp. Aspic, as'pik, n. a small but exceedingly
venomous serpent, [L. and Gr. aspis, a serpent.]
or going up.Asceo'slon-day, the festival held on Asparagus,
Holy-Tnursday (ten days before Whitsunday) to shoots ofas-par'a-gus, n. a garden vegetable, the
which arc eaten when boiled. [L. as-
commemorate Christ's ascension to heaven, paragus; Gr. asfiaragos.]
sates*, as-sent/, ., act o/ascending: a height.
Ascertain, as-ser-tan', v.t., to make certain; to de Aspect, as'pekt, n. that which is looked at ; view;
termine ; to obtain certain knowledge of:/>'/. appearance ; countenance ; position. [L. asfiec-
ascertaining ; Pa.fi. ascertained'. [L. ad, to, Fr. insaspicioad, as'pen,
at, sfiecio, to look.]
n. the trembling poplar, so called
certain, L. cert**, certain.]mdj. ascertainable.
fite, far ; mC, her ; mine ; mote ; mute ; 2,*
 Asperity Assimilate
from the trcmulousness of its leaves. [A.S. trsp.] I metal in an ore or alloy, especially of the quan
adj. aa pen. tity of gold or silver in coin. [Fr. essai.]
Asperity, as-perl-ti, ., roughness; unevenness ; I assayer, as-sa'er, n., one who assays metals.
harshness. [L. asperitasasper, rough.] ' Assemble, as-sem'bl, v.t. to bring or call to the
Asperse, as-pers", v.t., to spread or scatter over same place, or together; to collect.v.i. to meet
or on ; to cast calumny or slander upon :pr.p. together:Pr.p. assem'bhng ; pa.p. assem'blcd.
aspersing ; pa.p. aspersed'. [L. aspergo, aspersits [Fr. assembler; L. ad, to, sitnul, together, at
ad, to, spargo, to scatter.) the same time; Gr. homos, A.S. Amur, same;
aspersion, as-per'shun, n.,actofaspersing; calumny. Sans, sam, together.]
Asphalt, as-falr*, Asphaltum, as-falt'um, n. a hard, assemblage, as-sem'blaj, . a collection of indivi
bituminous substance, anciently used as a cement, assembly,duals or things,
and now for paving, &c. [Gr. asphaltos, an in the same placen. fora collection
as-sem'bli, of individuals
Eastern word.]adj. asphalt ic. amusement, or for the
Asphodel, as'fC-det, n. (corrupted into daffodil, a consideration of religious or political matters, &c.
name for the day-lily and other plants of the lily Assent, as-sent/, v.i., to think with ; to consent; to
order. [Gr. asphodelcsJ] agree to '.pr.p. assenting ; pa.p. assented.n.
Asphyxia, as-fiksl-a, asphyxy, as-fiksl, n. lit. with' act ofagreeing to or admitting.adv. assent'ingly.
outpulse ; suspended animation, especially that [L. assenttorad, with, scntio, to think.]
from suffocation. [Gr. a, without, and sphyxt's, Assert, as-sert7, v.t. lit. tojoin or knit to; todeclare
the pulsesphyzd, to throb.] positively or strongly; to maintain:pr.p. as
Aspire, as-pTr', v.i., to breathe or pant after; to serting; pa.p. assert'ed. [L. assero, assertum,
desire eagerly; to aim at something elevated : to lay nold of, declare<i*r*, to, sero, to join, knit, j
Pr.p. aspiring ; Pa.p. aspired'. [L. aspiroad, assertion, as-ser shun, act ofasserting; positive
to, spiro, to breathe.]adj. aspir ing adv. or strong declaration ; affirmation.
asplr'lngly.
aspirant, as-p7r'ant,., onewhoaspires; a candidate. Assess, as-ses', v.t., to set ; to fix the amount of a
tax ; to tax '.-pr.p. assessing ; pa.p. assessed'.
aspirate, as'pi-rat, v.t. to pronounce with a full [Fr.
breathing, as the letter h, in house :~pr.p. as'pi- low L. to set, L.fix assideo,
asseoir; assessum, to sit by; in
r&ting ; pa.p. as'pirSted.adj. pronounced with adj. assessable, a tax<id, to, sedeo, to sit.]
a full breath.n. a mark of aspiration (' ).
aspiration, as-pi-ra'shun, . eager pursuit or desire assessment, as-ses'mcnt, n., act of assessing: a valu
ation for the purpose of taxation ; a tax.
after : pronunciation of a letter with a full assessor, as-scsor, n., one who assesses; a legal
breath. adviser who sits beside a judge to assist him.
Asquint, a-skwint*, adv., with a squint; towards adj. assesso rial.
the corner of the eye ; obliquely. [A.S. a, on, Assets, as'sets, n. goods or estate enough to pay all
and Squint.] See Askew.
Ass, as, n. a well-known animal of the horse family ; the debts of a deceased person ; the propertv
of a deceased or insolvent person. [old l.
fig., a dull, stupid fellow. [A. S. assa ; L. asinus; asseth ; Fr. assez; L. ad, to, satis, enough.]
Gr. onos; Heb. athon.] Asseverate, as-seVer-at, v.t. to declare seriously or
asinine, asl-nln, adj. of or like an ass. solemnly '.pr.p. asseverating ; pa.p. assever
Assafoatida. See Asafostlda. ated. [L. assevcro, asseveratusad, to, severus,
Assail, as-saT, v.t. to make a sally or assault upon ; serious.]n. assevera'tion.
to leap or spring upon ; to attack '.Pr.p. assail'- Assiduous, as-sid'O-us, adj., sitting close at; con
ing ; pa.p. assailed'. [Fr. assaitir; L. assilio stant or unwearied in application ; diligent ; per
to, salio, to leap.] severing.adv. assiduously. [L. asstduusad,
assailable, as-sal'a-bl, adj., that may be assailed. to, at, sedeo, to sit.]
assailant, as-saTant, ., one who assails.
assault, as-sawlr1, ., a leaping upon with violence ; ., quality as-sid'Q-us-nes,
assiduousness, assiduity, as-si-dul-ti,
ofbeing assiduous ; constant applica
a sudden attack; a storming.v.t. to make an tion or diligence.
assault upon ; to assail :Pr.p. assaulting ; pa.p.
assault'cd. [Fr. assautL. assilio, assidtum.] Assign, ;as-sTn', v.t., to sign or mark out to one ; to
Assassin, as-sas'sin, n. one who kills or attempts to allot to appoint ; to allege ; to transfer :pr.p.
assigning; pa.p. assigned'.n. one to whom
kill bysurprise or secretly. [Fr.from Ar.hashtshin, any property or right
followers of an eastern robber-chief who fortified able. [Fr. assigner; isL.made over. adj. assign
assigno, to mark out
themselves for their adventures by an intoxicat ad, to, signum, a mark or sign.]
ing drink {hashish) made from hemp.]
assassinate, as-as'sin-at, v.t. to murder by surprise assignation, as-sig-na'shun, ., act ofassigning: an
or secret assault :~Pr.p. assas'sinuting ; pa.p. appointmentmcnts : the
to meet, used chieflyof lovc-appoint-
making over of anything to another,
assassinated, assignee, as-sln-e, one to whom any right or
assassination, as-sas-sin-ii'shun, n. secret murder. property is assigned.
Assault. See under AssalL assigner, as-sln'er, one who assigns.
Assay, as-sa', v.t., toexamine or weigh accurately ; assignment, as-sin'mcnt, ., act ofassigning : any
to determine the amount of a metal in an ore or thing assigned : the writing by which anything
alloy.v.i. to attempt ; to essay ;pr.p. assay7- is transferred : appointment.
ing; Pa.p. assayed'. [Fr. essayer; It. assag- Assimilate, as-siml-l3t, v.t. to make similaror like
giare, to try; L. exagiuvt, a balance, a standard to; to convert into a like substance, as food into
weightexigo, to examine, to weighex, out, our bodies.v.i. to grow similar ; to be converted
ago, to put in motion.] See Essay, Examine. into a like substance :pr.p. assim ilating ; pa.p.
assay, as-sa', n.f examination, trial, or proof; at
tempt : the determination of the quantity of assimilated. [L. assimulo, assimulaiusad, to,
similis, like.] See Similar.
fate, far; me", her; mine; mote ; mate; mOOn ; then.
M
 assimilation
isolation, as-sim-il-ii'shun, n. ,actofassimilating'.
process of converting into a like substance.
uiimilatlTa, as-slm'il-a-tiv, adj., having fewer or
tendency to assimilate.
tstast, is-sist', v.t., to stand to or by ; to help.v.i.
to tend aid :pr.f. assisting ; fa.p. assisted. [L.
assistoad, to, sisto, Gr. htstciui, to make to
stand.]
Mlstance, as-sist'ans, . help ; relief.
tssistant, as-sist'ant, adj. helping or lending aid.-
n. one who assists ; a helper.
Lsdze, as-siz*, v.t., to assess; to set or fix the quan
tity or price :pr-P- assiz'ing ; Pa.p. assTzcd -.
a statute settling the weight, measure, or price
of anything, [old Fr. assise, a set rateassire
L. assidere, tn low L. to set.] Sec Assess, Size.
sTx'er, . an officer who inspects weights
as-slz'ez, n.pl. lit. sessions or sittings; a
court held in each county twice a year, at which
s are tried by a judge and jury.
, as-sO'shi-at, v.t. to join in company with,
as a companion, friend, or partner; to unite in the
same body.v.i. to keep company with ; to com
bine or unite:pr.p. assO'cultiiig ; pa.p. assG'-'
tilted- [l>. nssocioad, to, socitis, a companion.]
utociit*, as-sO'shi-at, adj. joined or connected with.
. one joined or connected with another; a
ion, friend, partner, or ally.
, as-sO-shi-ashun, ., act ofassociating :
n or combination ; a society ofpersons joined
together to promote some object.
Assonance, as'so-nans, ., a sounding in response
to; resemblance of sounds. [L. ad, to, sottans,
soundingsotto, to sound.]
assonant, as'so-nant, adj., resembling in sound.
Assort, as-sort', v.t., to sort; to put into sorts or
classes; to arrange.v.i. to agree with. [Fr.
asscrtirL. ad, to, sors, sortis, a lot.]Sec Sort,
assortment, as-sort'ment, act of assorting; a
quantity or number of things assorted.
Assuage, (in B., Asswage'', as-awaj', v.t. lit. to make
sweet; tosoften, or allay.v.i. toabatcorsubside:
pr.p. assuaging ; Pa.p. assuaged', [old Fr. as-
souager, low L. assuaviareL. suavis, sweet. J
imagmt,as-5waj'ment,.abatement; mitigation,
unuln, as-swa siv, adj. softening ; mitigating.
Assume, as-sum', v.t., to take to; to take upon
one's self; to take for granted ; to arrogate ; to
appropriate.v.i. to claim unduly; to be arro
gant .Pr.p. assum ing ; assumed'. IL. as
sumead, to, sumo, to take.]
, as-sum'ing, adj. haughty ; arrogant.
n as-sumshun, n., act of assuming; a
supposition.
sssuoaptlvo, as-sump'tiv, atlj.t tJiat is or may be
assumedadv. assumplively.
Assure, a-shOSr*, v.t. to make sure or secure; to
give confidence ; to insure :pr.p. assur ing ;
Pap. assured'.. urar/er. [Fr. assurerad,
.md sur, sure.] See Sore, Secure.
assured, a-snOOrd', adj. certain ; without doubt ; ex
cessively bold.adv. assuredly.n. assuredness.
sssursnce, a-shOOr'ans, n., act of assuring; confi
dence : ground of confidence : excessive bold
ness : insurance, as applied to lives.
Assuage. See Auuge.
Aster, as'ter, n. a genus of plants with compound
flowers like little stars. [Gr. aster, a star.]
, as'ter-isk, n., a tittle star used in printing,
[Gr. asteriskos, dim. of aster, a star.]
file, far; mi, her; mine;
Asymptote
asteroid, as'ter-oid, . one of the minor stars 01
planets between Mars and Jupiter. [Gr. astir,
a star, eittos, form.]adj. aateroid'al.
Altera, a-stern', adv., on the stern; in, at, or
towards the hinder part of a ship.
Asthma, ast'ma, n. , short-drawn breath; a chronic
disorder of the organs of respiration. [Gr.ad,
aemi, to breathe hard.]
asthmatic, ast-mat'ik, asthmatic*!, ast-mat'ik-al,
adj., pertaining to or affected by asthma.
Aatonied,as-ton'id,/a.^.ofold E. astouy, astonished.
Astonish, as-ton'ish, v t., to stun with any sudden
nuise, as thunder; to confound with sudden fear
or wonder :/r./. astonishing ; pa.p. aston'-
ished. [old Fr. estonnerL. attono, to thunder
atad, at, tono, to thunder; old E. astony; A.S.
stunian, to stun.]n. astonishment.
astonishing, as-ton'ish-ing, adj. very wonderful;
amazing.adv. astonishingly.
astound, as-tound', v.t., to stun or astonish:Pr.p.
astound'ing; pa.p. astound'ed. [A.S. astundiatt,]
Astragal, as'tra-gal, n. in arch., a small semicircular
moulding or bead encircling a column or in other
situations. [Gr. astragalos, one of the vertebras
of the neck.]
Astral, as'tral, adj. belonging to the stars; starry.
[L. astmm, Gr. aster, a star.]
Astray, a-stra', adv., on the stray; out of the right
way or proper place, [a, on, and Stray.]
Astrlction, as-trik'sbun, n.,a binding contraction.
[L. astrictioad, to, stringo, slrictjts, to bind.]
Astride, a-strld', adv., on the stride ; with the legs
open, or across, [a, on, and Stride.]
Astringe, as-trinj', v.t., to bind together; to con
tract :~pr.p. astring'ing ; Pa.p. astringed'. [L.
astringoad, to, stringo, to bind.]
astrlngency, as-trinj'en-si, . power of contracting ;
state of being astringent,
astringent, as-trinj'ent, adj., binding; contracting;
strengthening.n. a medicine that binds.adv.
astringently.
Astrology, as-trol'o-ji, n. lit. the knowledge of the
stars ; the pretended science of foretelling events
by the stars. [Gr. aslron, a star, logos, know
ledge.)adj. astrolog ical.adv. astrologlcally.
astrologer, as-trol'o-jer, ., a professor ofastrology.
Astronomy, as-tron'o-mi, . the lavus or science of
the stars or heavenly bodies. [Gr. astron, a star,
nomos, a law.]adjs. astronomic, astronomical
adv. astronomically.
astronomer, as-tron'o-mir, ., one versed in astro
nomy.
Astro-theology, as'tro-the-ol'o-ji, n., natural the
ology or proof of a God founded on the observa
tion of the Iteavenly bodies. [Gr. astron, a star,
and Theology.]
Astnte, as-tut', adj., crafty ; cunning; sagacious;
shrewd. [L. astutusastus, craft, said to be
from Gr. aslu, a city, astute thus meaning,
having the shrewdness of one city-bred.}adv.
astutely.. astute ness.
Asunder, a-sun'der, adz\, sunderedfrom ; apart;
into parts ; separately. [A.S. asuttdransunder,
separate.]
Asylum, a-sllum, . a place where one is safefrom
seizure ; a refuge ; an institution for the care or
relief of the unfortunate. [L. ; Gr, asylona,
without, sylc, right of seizure.]
Asymptote, a'sim-tot, n. a line which though con
tinually approaching some curve, never meets it.
mOte ; mQte ; mOon ; then.
25
 At
[Gr. a, not, syn. with, together, ptdtos, apt to
fall to fall.]adj. asymptotical.
At, at, Prep, denoting presence, nearness, or direc
tion towards. [A.S. at ; L. ad; Sans, adhi, upon.}
Ate, etdid eatpast tense of Eat.
Atbanaatan, ath-an-a'zhi-an, adj. of Athanasius or
his creed.
Atheism, a'thfi-izm, n. the state of being without
God ; disbelief in the existence of God. [Gr. a,
without, theos, God.]
atheist, ii'the-ist, ., one who disbelieves in the
existence of God.
atheistic, a-th-ist'ik, atheistical, a-thf-ist'ik-al, adj.,
pertaining to atheism ; disbelieving.
Athenaeum, Atheneum, ath-c-nc'um, n. a temple of
A thena or Minerva at Athens in which scholars
and poets read their works; a public institution
for lectures, reading, &c. [Gr. athinaum, from
Athena, or Athene", the goddess Minerva.]
Athenian, a-the'ni-an, ad,rj., pertaining to Athens.
Athlnt, a-therst, adj., in thirst ; thirsty.
Athlete, ath'lCt, ., a contender for victory in feats
of strength ; one vigorous in body or mind. [Gr.
athletes, from athlos, a contest.]
athletic, ath-Iet'ik, adj., pertaining to or like an
athlete: strong; vigorous.it.pl. athlet'ici, 'iks,
athletic exercises.
Athwart, a-thwawrt, prep., on the thwart ; across.
adv. crossly; perplexingly.
Atlas, atlas, n. a collection of maps. [Gr. Atlas
(the bearer), a god who bore the world on his
shoulders, and whose figure used to be given on
the title-page ofatlasesprob. from a (euphonic),
and tlaS, to bear.]
Atlantean, at-lan-t'an, adj., pertaining to or re
sembling Atlas: gigantic.
Atlantee, at-lan'te"z, n.pi. in arch., figures of men
used instead of columns or pilasters.
Atlantic, at-lan'tik, adj. pertaining to Atlas, or to
the Atlantic Ocean.n. the ocean between
Europe, Africa, and America, [from Mount A lias
in the north-west of Africa.]
Atmosphere, atmos-f5r, n., air-sphere; the air
that surrounds the earth; rig., any surrounding
influence. [Gr. atmos. air, sphaira, a sphere.]
atmospheric, at-mos-fctik, atmospherical, at-mos-
fetik-al, adj., ofordepending on the atmosphere.
Atom, at'om, . a particle of matter so small that
it cannot be cut or divided; anything very
small. [Gr. atomosa, not, temnS, to cut.]
adj., atomic, a-tom'ik, atomical, a-tom'ik-al.
atomism, atom-izm, . the doctrine that atoms
arranged themselves into the universe.
atomlst, at'om-ist, ., one who believes in atomism.
Atone, a-tOn', v.i. to be or cause to be at one ; to
expiate or reconcile :pr.p. atim'ing ; pa.p.
atOned'. [usually given from at, and one.]
atonement, a-tOn'ment, . reconciliation ; expiation.
Atrocious, a-trO'shi-us, adj. extremely cruel or
wicked ; heinous ; enormous ; horrible. [L.
atrox, atrocis, cruel.}adv. atro'ciously.ns.
atro'ciousness, atroe'lty.
Atrophy, atrO-fi, . , -want ofnourishment ; a wast
ing away without manifest cause. [Gr. a, with-
out.and trophi, nourishmenttrephd, to nourish.]
Attach, at-tach', v./., to tackox stick to in a friendly
manner ; to gain over ; to seize :pr.p. attach
ing ;Pa.p. attached'. [Fr. attacker; It. aitacare;
E. tack, prob. from L. tango, tago, to touch.]
fate, far ; me", her ; mine ;
attic
attachable, at-tach'a-bl, adj., that may be attached.
attache, at-ta-sha', n. , one attached to the suite of
an ambassador. [Fr.]
attachment, at-tach'ment, n., state of being- at
tacked: the thing attached : that which binds one
thing to another : adherence ; fidelity ; affection.
Attack, at-tak', v.t., to tack to orfasten on in an
unfriendly manner ; to fall upon violently ; to
assail \%r.p. attacking ; Pa.p. attacked .n.
attack'. [Fr. attaquer; It. attacarr.] See Attach.
Attain, at-tan', v.t., to touch against; to reach or
gain by effort; to obtain; to accomplish.v.i.
to come to or reach '.pr.p. attain mg ; Pa.p.
attained*. [Fr. atteindre; \ attingo, to touch
against, to reachad, to, tango, to touch.]
attainable, at-tan'a-bl, adj., that may be attained.
n. attaln'ableness.
attainment, at-tan'ment, ., act of attaining; the
thing attained ; acquisition.
Attaint, at-t&nt, v.t* orig. to attain to, overtake,
accuse, convict; to disgrace ; to deprive of rights
from being convicted of treason \pr.p. attaint
ing ; Pa.p. attaint'ed. [See Attain.]
attainder, at-tin'der, n., an attainting; the loss of
civil rights through conviction for high treason.
attalnture, at-tantur, n. a staining or rendering
infamous ; a reproach.
Attar of Rotes. See Otto.
Attemper, at-tem'per, v.t., to tetnper; to mix in
due proportion ; to modify or moderate :pr.p.
attem'pering ; pa.p. attem'pered. [L. attemper*
ad, and tempetv, to divide properly.]
Attempt, at-temt, v.t., to try or endeavour ; to
make an effort upon:pr.p. attempting ; Pa-p
attempted.n. a trial, endeavour, or effort. [Fr.
attenterL. aHentoad, to, and tempto, tenia,
to trytendo, to stretch.]
Attend, at-tend', v.t. lit. to stretch or lend to; to
wait on or accompany ; to be present at.v.i. to
yield attention (to) :pr.p. attending ; pa.p.
attend'ed. [L. attendoad, to, tendo, to stretch.]
attendance, at-tend'ans, n., act ofattending: pres
ence; the persons attending': in B., attention.
attendant, at-tend'ant, adj. giving attendance ; ac
companying..one who attends oraccompanies;
a servant ; that which accompanies or follows.
attent, at-tent', adj. in B., attentive.
attention, at-ten'shun, ., act of attending: appli
cation; heed; care; civility.
attentive, at-tent'iv, adj. full of attention ; mind
ful.adv. attent ively.n. attent'lveneas.
Attenuate, at-ten'u-5t, v.t., to make thin or lean :
pr.p. attenuating ; pa.p. attenuated. [L.
altenuoad, to, tenuis, thin, lean.]
attenuate, at-ten'Q-St, adj., attenuated.
attenuation, at-ten-fl-a'shun, ., act ofattenuating;
thinness or leanness.
attennant, at-ten'O-ant, adj., making thin.n. a
medicine that attenuates.
Attest, at-test, v.t., to testify or bear witness to;
to certify ; to affirm; to call to witness :pr.p.
attesting ; pa.p. attested. [L. attestorad, to,
testis, a witness.]n, attest'er.
attestation, at-tcst-a shun, ., act ofattesting: testi
mony or witness.
Attic, attik, adj. pertaining to Attica or to Athens;
chaste; classical. [L. Atticus; Gr. Attikos.]
Atticism, at'ti-sixm, n., an Attic idiom ; a chaste
or elegant expression.
attic, attik, in arch., alow story rising above the
mOte : mute ; mOOn ; Men.
 Attire Aurora Borealis
cornice that terminates the main elevation of a counts by audit :pr.p. auditing ; Pa.p. audited.
building : a sky-lighted room in the roof of a [L. audit, he hears.]
house. [L. Attints; Gr. Attikos.\ auditor, aw'dit-or, a hearer: one who audits
Attire, at-tTr', v.t., to draw on ; to dress, array, or accounts.. au'dltorshlp.
adorn ; to prepare :pr.p. attiring ; attired'. auditory, aw'dit-or-i, adj., having the Power of
. dress ; ornamental dress : in &., a woman's hearing : pertaining to the sense of hearing.
head-dress. [It. tirart, to draw; old Fr. attirtr n. an audience : the place where lectures, &c
tour, a turn.] are heard.*
Attitude, atAi-tad, n., aptitude of position ; the pos Auger, aw'ger, a centre-bit; a tool used for
ture adapted to some purpose ; posture ; gesture. boring holes by turning a centre which is steadied
[It. attituditie; Fr. attitudelow 1. aptihuio against the stomach. [A.S. nauegar, nafegar~~
aptus, fit.]adj. attitud'lnal. nafu, a nave or centre, gar, a piercer.]
attitudinise, at-ti-tudin-Iz, v.i. to assume affected Aught, awt, n., a whit; ought ; anything ; a part.
attitudes:pr.p. attitudinising; fa.p. attitud [A.S. aht, awihta, and wiht, a wight, a thing.
inised. . Augment,
Attorney, at-turni, n. one who acts m the turn or larger.v.t. awg-mcnt', v.i., to increase; to make
stead of another; one whoprepares or manages ing; Pa.p. augmented. to grow larger :pr.p. augment
the affairs of another, especially in matters of to increase ; Gr. auxd, to [L. augmentoaugeo,
wax, to grow.]
law ; one authorised to practise in a court of augment, awg'ment, ., increase: a prefix to a word.
law ; a lawyer.//, attor neys, [low L. attoma- augmentable, awg-ment'a-bl, adj., able to be in
tusad, to, tomo, to turn.]n. attorneyship. creased.
Attorney-general, at-tur'ni-gen'er-al, . in England, augmentation, awg-mcnt-a'shun, ., act ofaugment
the head law-officer of the crown. ing: addition.
Attract, at-trakt', v.t., to draw to or cause to ap augmentative,
proach ; to allure; to entice '.pr.p. attracting ; Augur, aw'gur,awg-ment/a-tiv, adj., that augments.
Pa.p. attracted. [L. attraMo, attmctusad, foretold eventsn.byamong the Romans one who
observing the cries of birds,
to, traho, to draw.] &c ; a diviner; a soothsayer.v.t. to foretell
attractable, at-trakt'a-bl, adj., that may be at from signs.v.i. to guess or conjecture '.Pr.p.
tracted.n. attractabillty. au'guring ; pa.p. au'gured. [L.avis, a bird,
attraction, at-trak'shun, act of attracting^; the anagar, the root olgarrio, to cry.]n. au'gurship.
force which draw* or tends to draw bodies or augury, aw*gur-i, n., the art or practice of augur
their particles to each other; that which attracts. ing; an omen.adj. augural, aw'gO-ral.
attractive, at-trakt'iv, adj., having the pmver of August, aw-gust', adj. worthy of awe or honour;
attracting ; alluring.advs. attract'lvely, aV majestic.adv. august'ly.n. auguBt'neea [L.
tract'lngly.n. attract'lveneu. augustusaugeo, to increase, to magnify or
Attribute, at-trib'Qt, v.t., togive or ascribe to; to honour the gods : also
impute :pr.p. attributing ; Pa.p. attributed. meaning, consecrated bygiven from augur, thus
augury.]
(L. attribuo-ad, to, tribito, tributus, to give.] August, aw'gust, n. the eighth
attribute, ar'tri-bOt, ., that which is attributed: so named in honour of the Romanof the month year,
Emperor
that which is inherent in : that which can be Octavius Augustus.
predicated of anything; a quality or property.
attributable, at-trib'u-ta-bl, adj., that may be at Augustan, aw-gust'an, adj.,PertainingtoAugustus,
or the time m which he lived : classic; refined.
tributed.
attribution, at-tri-bfl'shun, ., act ofattributing or aula, a royaladj.
Aullc, awiik, relating to a royal court. [L.
courtGr. auU, a court.]
what is attributed.
attributive, at-trir/Q-tiv, adj., that attributes.n. mother'ssister. [Fr. tante; sister;
Aunt, ant, w. lit. afather's a father's or a
old Tr.ante; L. amita.]
the thing attributed. Aurated, aw'rilt-ed, adj., golden. [L. aurum, gold.]
Attrition, at-tri'shun, /;. the rubbing of one thing aurella, aw-rfii-a, *. , the gold-coloured chrysalis
against another ; a wearing by friction. [L. of an insect.
attritio, from ad, to, tero, tritus, to rub.] aureola, aw-rS'O-Ia, n. a circle ofgold-coloured rays
Attune, at-tOn', v.t., to tune; to make ne sound with which painters surround the head of Christ
accord with another. [L. ad, to, and Tune.] and the saints, popularly called a glory.
Auburn, aw'burn, adj. orig. whitish; reddish brown, auric, aw'rik, adj. pertaining to gold.
[low L. albumusalbus, white.] auriferous, aw-rif'er-us, adj. containing or produ
Auction, awk'shun, n. a public sate in which each cinggold. [L. aurum, golden?, to produce.]
bidder increases the price offered by the preced Auricle, awM-kl, ., a little ear; the outer ear.
ing, the article put up being sold to the highest //. auricles, two ear-like cavities of the heart.
bidder. [I auctioaugeo, to increase.] [L. auricula, dim. of auris, the ear.]
auctioneer, awk-shun-er', n. one licensed to sell by auricula, aw-rik'Q-la, . the flower bear*svar, a
auction. species of primrose.
Audacious, aw-d.Vshi-us, adj., daring; bold ; con auricular, aw-rik'fl-lar, adj. pertaining to the ear;
fident ; impudent.adv. auda'douily.ns. auda'- secret.adv. aurie'ularly.
cloumeB*, audacity, aw-das'i-ti. [Fr. audacieux, auriculate, aw-riku-Iat, adj., *wr-shaped.
L. audaxaudeo, to dare.] auriform, aw'ri-form, adj., ear-shaped. [L. auris,
Audible, awdi-bl, adj., able to be heard. [L. au- anriet, the ear,forma, shape.]
dibitisaudio, to hear, conn, with Gr. ous, aus, of theaw'rist, ear.
n. a surgeon skilled in the diseases
the ear.]adv. aud ibly.n. aud'lblenets.
audience, awMi-cns, ft., the act ofhearing: an as Aurora, aw-rOVa, ., the morning; in poetry, the
goddess of morning. [L.Gr. auries, the mor
sembly of hearers: admittance : in /?., hearing. row ; Sans, usasaroot ush, to burn.]
audit, aw'dit, n. the settling of accounts by refer AuroraBoreaUi, aw-ro'ra bo-rfi-a'lis, n., thenorthern
ence to vouchers or witnesses.v.t. to settle ac
fate, far ; me, her ; mine ; mOte ; ; mOon ; then. 37
 Auscultation averse
aurora or light ; a meteor seen in northern Automaton, aw-tom'a-ton, n. a self-moving machine,
latitudes. [L. borealis, northernboreas, the or one which moves by concealed machinery :
north wind.]Aurora Australia, aws-tra'lis, . a //. autom atons or automata. [Gr. automatos
meteor in the S. hemisphere. [See Austral.J autos, self, mad, to mom* J mdjt automatic,
Auscultation, aws-kul-ta'shun, n. lit. a listening to ; automatical
the using of Lhe ear to discover diseases of the Autonomy, a.w-ton'o-mi,n.,selfgovernment. [Gr. au-
lungs, &c. by applying the car to a tube in tonomiaautos,sc\f,nomos, lawnemo, to sway.]
contact with the chest. [L. auscultatioaus- Autopsy, awtop-si, n.y seeing a thing one's self;
culto, to listen, conn, with auris, the ear.J specially applied to the examination of a body
Auspice, aw'spis, n. an omen drawn from observing after death. [Gr. autopsiaautos, one's self,
birds; augury; generally used in //. auspices, opsis, sight.]adj. autoptical.
aw'spis-ez, protection ; patronage. [L. auspex, Autumn, awtum, . the season of increase; the
auspicisavis, a bird, specio, to observe.] third season of the year when fruits are gathered
auspicious, aw-spish'us, adj., having good auspices in. [L. autumnus, auctumnusaugeo, auctus,
or omens of success ; favourable ; fortunate. to increase.]adj. autum'nal.
adv. auspiciously.. suspiciousness. Auxiliary, awg-zil'yar-i, adj., increasing; helping.
Austere, aw-steV, adj. lit. making the tongue dry n. a Jtelpcr; an assistant ; in gram., a verb
and rough ; harsh ; severe ; stern.adz>. au that helps to form the moods and tenses of others.
sterely. [L. austernsGr. austirosand, to dry.] [L. auxilium, helpaugeo, auxi, to increase.]
austereness, aw-ster'nes, austerity, aw-ster'i-ti, ., Avail,
quality ofbeing austere ; severity of manners or aid; a-val', v.t., to be of value or service to ; to
benefit.v.i. to be of use; to answer the
life ; sternness ; harsh discipline. purpose :~pr.p. avail'ing ; Pa.p. availed'..
Austral, aws'tral, adj., southern. [L. australis benefit, profit, service- [huid, to, valeo, to be able.]
auster, the south.] available, a-vaTa-bl, adj. that one may avail one's
Australasian, aws-tral-ii'shi-an, adj., pertaining to self of; profitable; efficacious.adv. availably.
Australasia, or the countries that lie to the Avalanche, av'a-Iansh, n. a snow-slip or a mass of
south ofAsia. [Australia. snow or ice sliding down from a mountain to the
Australian, aws-truli-an, adj., of or pertaining to valley below. [Fr.avaler, to slip down; L.
Austrian, aws'tri-an, adj., if or pertaining to ad, to, vallis, a valley.)
A ustria. Avarice, av'a-ris, n., a panting after or eager
Authentic, aw-thentik, adj. lit. having authority desire for wealth; greediness. [L. avariiia
as if from the author's oivn hand; original; avarus, from aveo, to pant after.]
genuine ; true.adv. authentically. [Gr. authen- , avaricious, av-a-rish'us, adj. covetous; greedy.
iikos, from authentes, one who docs anything adv. avari'dously.n. avarl'ciousness.
with his own handautos, self, entea, weapons.] Avast, a-vast', int., enough; stop; hold (a nautical
authenticate, aw-then'ti-kat,t>./., to makeauthentic; term.) [It. and Gcr. basta, enough.]
to prove genuine;/r./. authenticating ; pa.p. Avatar, av-a-tar', ., the descent of a Hindu deity
authenticated. [ticating. in a visible form. [Sans, avataraava, from,
authentication, aw-then-ti-ka'shun, ., actofauthen- root tri, to cross, and suffix a.]
authenticity, aw-then-tisi-ti, quality of being Avaunt, a-vawnt', int., advance; move on; be
authentic; genuineness.
Author, awthor, ., one -who produces, or brings gone L.
! [Fr. az-ant, beforeavanxer, to move on
ab, from, ante, before.]
into being ; the beginner ; the writer of a book.
fern, authoress. [Fr. auteur; L. attctoraugeo, Ave,Roman a've, n., be safe or happy; Hail; in the
Catholic Church, an address or prayer
auctus, to produce.]n. authorship.
authority, aw-thori-ti, . source; legal power or to the Virgin Mary, [L., anabbr. ofAve Maria,
Hail Maryfrom aveo, to be safe or happy.]
right ; weight of testimony ; permission.pi.
authorities, precedents ; opinions or sayings Avenge, to
a-venj', v.t. to take or inflict vengeance on ;
punish '.Pr.p. avenging ; Pa.p. avenged'.
which carry weight ; persons in power. [Fr. venger; It. vengiare; L. vindicare.\
authoritative, aw-thori-ta-tiv, adj., having author avenger, a-venj'er, one who avenges.
ity.adv. authoritatively.
authorise, aw'thor-u, v.t., to give authority to ; to Avenue, a-/e"-nu, n., a coming or approach to; an
establish by authority :pr.p. authorising ; Pa.p. alley of trees leading to a house. (Fr.L. ad,
authorised'.n. authorisa tion. to, venio, to come]
Autobiography, aw-tCV-bi-ogra-fi, n., the biography Aver, a-ver', v.t., to declare to be true; to affirm :
or life of a person written by himself. [Gr. Pr.p. averring ; pa.p. averred'. [Fr. avirer
autos, one's self, bios, life, graphd, to write.] L. verus, true]
adjs. autobiographic, autobiographical. averment, a-verincnt, n., that which is averred ;
autobiographer.aw-tO-bi-og'ra-fer, ti.,onewho writes positive assertion.
his own life. Average, av'er-uj, n. orig. damage or loss by sea
Autocracy, aw-tok'ra-si, ., self-derived or inde equal distribution among the shippers of the loss
pendent power; an absolute government by one sustainedhence, acontribution toageneral loss ;
man. [Gr. autos, one's self, kratos, power.] a mean proportion.adj. containing a mean pro
autocrat, awtO-krat, n. one who rules by his oivn portion.v.t. to fix an average : averag
power; an absolute sovereign.adj. autocrat ic. ing ; pa.p. averaged. [It. avaria; Fr. avarif^
Autograph, awtO-graf, one's own Y&xid-7vrili?tg; damaged ; Qnx.haferei, sca-damageScand. haf
a signature : an original manuscript. [Gr, autos, hav, the open sea.]
self, grapki, writing.]adj. autographic, Avert, a-vert', v.t., to turnfrom or aside ; to pre
autography, aw-togra-fi, n. an original manuscript; vent '.pr.p. averting ; Pa.p. avert ed. [L.
a process in lithography by which a writing or avertoab, from, verto, versum, to turn.]
drawing is transferred from paper to stone. averse, a-vers', adj., turned from ; having a
fate, far; me, her ; mine ; mote ; mate ; m50n ; then.
 aversion Bacchanalia
disinclination towards or hatred to. Awning, awn'ing, n. a covering to shelter from the
aversely,. ITffN'nw. sun's rays, [low Dutch, havenung, from haven,
avention , a-vcVshun, n., a turning awayfrom ; dis a shelter or place of shelter.]
like ; hatred. Awoke, a-wOk', did awakepast tense of Awake.
Aviary, a'vi-ar-i, n. a place for keeping birds. [L. Awork, a-wurk', adv. (obs.J, at work, working.
aviariumavis, a bird. J Awry, a-rl', adj., writhed; twisted ; crooked; un
Avidity, a-vid'i-ti, n., a panting after; eagerness; even. [A.S. writhan, to writhe or twist.]
greediness. [L. avidttasavidus, greedy, otto, Axe, aks, n. an instrument for hewing or chopping.
to pant after.] Sec Avarice. [A.S. aex ; L. ascia; Gr. axt'ne.)
Avocation, av-O-kii'shmi, ., a calling awayfrom ; Axiom, aks'yum, n. that which is takenforgranted
an engagement or business which calls for one's as the basis of demonstration ; a self-evident
time and attention. [L. avocatio, from avoco truth. [Gr. axiOma, from axiod, to think or
ab, from, voco, to call.] deem worth, to take for granted.]adjs. axio
Avoid, ft-votd'i v.t. lit. to make void or empty ; matic, axiomat ical.adv. axiomat'ically.
to try to escape from; to shun.in B., v.i. to Axis, aksls, n., the axle or line, real or imaginary,
escape :fr.f. avoiding; /a./, avoid'ed. [See on which a body revolves. (L. axis; Gr. axon;
Void.] A.S. a>x ; Sans. achsa.]adj. ax'lal.
avoidable, a-void'a-bl, adj., that may be avoided. axle, aks'l, axle-tree, aksl-trc, n. the pin or rod in
avoidance, a-void'ans, n., the act ofavoiding. the nave of a wheel on which the wheel turns.
Avoirdupois, av-er-dQ-poiz/, adj. or n., Itaving [A.S. a'x, tax, and Tree.] See Axis.
weight ; a weight, of which the lb. equals 16
02. [Fr. avoir du pouts, to have (of the) weight ; Ay,gese,Aye, Tf adv., yea; yes; indeed. [A.S. gea,
Ger.ja, yes.]
L. habeo, to have, pondus, weight.] Aye, ii, adv. always ; ever; forever. [A.S. fiva,
Avouch, a-vouch', v.t. orig. to call ufon a feudal a, Ger.
lord to defend his tenant's righthence the always, je, ever ; h. aevum, an age ; Gr. aiei,
aidn, an age.]
admission or avowal by the tenant of a feudal Azimuth, azl-muth, n. the arc of the horizon be
superior; to avow; to declare, own, or confess: tween the meridian
pr.p. avouching; P&-P- avouched'. [Fr. circle passing throughofany a place and a vertical
celestial body. [Ar.
avouerL. advocaread, to, voco, to call.] al samt, the direction.]
Avow, a-vow', v.t. to declare openly; to own or Azote, a-zoY, *. nitrogen, which is destructive to
confess:Pr.p. avowing; Pa.p. avowed'.adv. animal life. (Gr. a, not, zotikos, maintaining
avoVedly. [See Avouch.] lifezad, to live.]adj. azotic.
avowable, a-vow'a-bl, adj., that may he avowed.
avowal, a-vow'al, . a positive declaration ; a frank Azure, S'zhur, adj. of a faint blue; sky-coloured.
n. a delicate blue colour ; the sky. [Fr. azur,
confession.
Await, a-wit', v.t., to wait or look /or; to be in sapphireIt. : azzuro;
blue; L. {lapis, the stone) lasuii,
Pers. lazur.\
store for; to attend: awaiting ; Pa.p. azured, a'zhurd, adj. of an azure colour.
await'ed.n. fin B.) an ambush, [a, and Wait.]
Awake, a-w&k', v.t., to wake or roust from sleep or
inaction.v.i. to cease sleeping; to bestir: B
Pr.p. awaking; Pa.t. awOke' or awiked' ; Pa.p. Baa, ba, . , the cry ofa sheep.v. i. to cry or bleat
awaked'. [See Wake. ] as a sheep.
awake, a-wftk', adj. not asleep ; vigilant.
awaken, a-wak'n, v.t., to awake:Pr.p. awiik'en- Babble, bab'bl, v.i. to speak like a baby ; to tilk
childishly ; to tell secrets.v.t. to prate ; to titter :
ing ; pa.p. awdk'encd. pr.p. bab'bling: pa.p. bal/bled. [Fr. babiller ;
Award, a-wawrd', v.t. orig. to look atthen, to pro Dutch, babelen; Gr. babazv, from ha, ha, repre
nounce judgment upon ; to adjudge.v.i. to senting the first attempts of a child to speak.]
determine:pr.p. awarding; pa.p. award'ed.
//. judgment; final decision. [Pr. eswarder ; babble, bab'bl, babblement, bab'bl-mcnt, babbling,
bab'bling, n. idle senseless talk.
It. guardare ; Fr. regarder, to look.] babbler, bat/bl6r, n., one who babbles.
Aware, a-wAV, adj. lit on guard or ward; wary; Babe, bSb, Baby, ba'bi, . an infant; a child. [Ba,
informed of. [A.S. warian, to be on guard ba. Sec Babble.]
war, caution.] Sec Warn, Wary.
Away, a-wu, adv., out of the way; absent.int. babyhood, ba'bi-hood, ., the state ofbeing a baby.
babyish, ba'bi-ish, adj., like a baby; childish.
begone ! [A.S. awega, and weeg, way.] Babel, ba'bcl, n. , confusion ; disorder. [Hcb. Babel,
away with, v.t. lobs.) to put up with or endure. where the language of man was confounded.]
Awe, aw, n. reverential fear; dread.v.t. to Baboon,
strike with or influence by fear :~pr.p. awing ; havingba-boTm', ft. a species of large monkeys
a short tail, a long face, dog-like tusk--,
Pa.p. awed'. [A.S. ege, fear; Or. agi, wonder.] and large lips. [Fr. babouinoabines, the lips
awful, aw'fool, adj., full ofawe.adv. awfully. of a beast ; probably from ba, the sound made
n, aw'fulness. by the collision of the lips.]
Awkward, awk'ward, adj. lit. towards the left; Baby. See Babe.
perverted ; indirect ; unskilful, [old . awk, Bacchanal, kiklta-nal. Bacchanalian, bak-ka-na'Ii-an,
wrong, left, A. S. ward, direction.)adz: awk n. a worshipper of Bacchus; one who indulges in
wardly.n. awk wardness. drunken revels.adj. relating to drunken revels.
Awl, awl, k. a pointed instrument for boring small [L. Bacchus, Gr. Bacchos, the god of wine.]
holes in leather. [A.S. eel.) Bacchanalia, bak-ka-n.Vli-n, Bacchanals, baklca-nalz,
Awn, awn, a scale or husk ; beard of corn or n.pl. orig. feasts in honour of Bacchus ; drunken
grass. [Ice. cgn, Dan. aone, Or. achni, chaff.] revels.
fate, far; me, her; mine; mOte ; mute ; mOOa; ihvn*
29
 Bachelor Bali
Bachelor, bach'el-or, ., a young man; an un his reappearance at court; the security given.
married man ; a person who has taken the first [Fr.L. bajulus, a tutor; orig. a bearer.]
or lowest degree at a university. [Fr. bache- bail, bal, v.t. to give security for an offender's re
lier, a young man, prob. from W. bachgen, a boy appearance at court ; to set free on security
bach, little.]n. bachelorship. being given; to give goods to the charge of a
Back, bale, n. the hinder part of the body in man, person '.Pr.p. hairing; Pa.p. bailed'.
and the upper part in beasts; the hinder part. bailable, bafa-bl, adj., that may be bailed.
adv. to the place from which a thing or person bailiff, baTif, n. lit. one who lias things put into his
came ; to a former state, or time ; behind ; again. bail or control ; a lessee or deputy ; an agent or
[A.S. bate; Sw. bah; Dan. bag.] steward ; a sheriffs officer.
back, bale, v.t. to get on the back of; to stand at bailiwick, baTi-wik, thejurisdiction ofa bailiff,
the back of; to help ; to put backwards.v.i. to [bailiff, and A.S. toic, a dwelling, a village.]
move or go back 'Pr.p. back'ing ; /a./, backed'. Balls, balz, ti.pl. in cricket, orig. the wickets : the
backbit-, bak'blt, v.i., to bite at the back of; to little sticks on the top of the wickets. [Fr. bailie,
speak evil of any one behind his back :pr.p. palisade, perhaps the same as Pale, n J
back'bTting.ns. back biter, back'biting. Bait, bat, n. food put on a hook to allure fish or
backslid*, bak-slld', v.i., to slide back; to fall away make them bite; any allurement ; a hasty refresh
in morals or religion.adj. or n. backsliding. ment taken on a journey. v.t. to set food as a
backslider, bak-slTaer, ., one ivko backslides; an lure ; to give refreshment on a journey.v.i. to
take refreshment on a journey :Pr.p. baiting ;
/a./.baited. [A. S.batan,to bait,from root ofBtte.)
bait, bat, v.t. to provoke an animal by inciting
advance.bak'ward, adj., keeping back; behind ; dogs to bite it ; to attack ; to harass. [Ice. beita7\
backward,
late ; unwilling ; slow ; stupid.adv. b&ck'wardJy Baize, biz, . a coarse woollen cloth. [?]
Bake, bak, v.t. to dry, harden, or cook by the heat
n. back'wardneis.
Backgammon, bak-gam'un, ., a tray-game ; a game pr.p.sun of the or of fire ; to prepare food in an oven :
bak'ing ; pa.p. baked', or bak'en. [A S.
played with a box and dice, on a board or table. bacan, Ger. backen, to bake ; Ger. bahen, Ice.
[Dan. bakke, a tray, gammen, a game.] baka, to heat.]
Bacon, baTcn, n. swine's flesh salted or pickled, and bakehouse, baklious, bakery, bafc'er-i, . a place
dried, [old Fr. ; old Dutch, baecke, a pig.] used for baking in.
Bad, bad, adj. ill, or evil ; not good ; wicked ; hurt baker, bak'cr, n.,one wha bakes bread, &c.
ful :com/, worse ; superI. worst.adv. badly. baking, bak'ing, n. the quantity baked.
K. badness. [Pcrs. bud, bad.] Balance, bal'ans, . an instrument for weighing,
Bade, baddid bidpast tense of Bid. formed of two dishes or scales hanging from a
Badge, baj, . lit. a patch; a mark or sign by which beam supported in the middle ; equality 01
one is known or distinguished. [Ger. balz, a account.power, weight, or influence ; the sum due on an
coarse patch ; E. botch, patch : perhaps con scalesbis,[Fr. balance; L. bilanx, having two
double, tanx, lancis, a dish or scale.]
nected with A.S. beag, a crown, a garland.]
Badger, baj'er, ft. lit the corn-dealer; a burrowing balance, make
bal'ans, v.t. to weigh in a balance; to
equal ; to regulate or adjust : to settle an
animal, about the size of a fox, eagerly hunted account.v.i. to have equal weight or power,
and baited by dogs, [bladger, bladier, corrup &c. ; to hesitate or fluctuate pr.p. bal ancing ;
tion of low L. bladarius, a corn-dealer, the pa.p. balanced.
animal having been popularly supposed to store Balcony, balTco-ni, . a platform or gallery outside
up corn for the winter.] the window of a house. [U.balcone; Vr.balcon;
badger, baj'er, v.t. to pursue with eagerness, as the A.S. baka, a beam, a balcony: or from low L.
badger is hunted ; to pester or worry.
Badinage, bad'in-azh, ., light or playful talk; Bald, bawld, adj., b&la
barbicans,Pers. khana, an upperchamber.]
bare, naked; without hair
banter. [Fr.badin, a jester.]
Baffle, baffl, v.t. to mock, elude or defeat by arti on the head ; without the natural covering ;
fice or trickery ; to balk ; to frustrate ''Pr.p. neaa. unadorned ; inelegant.adv. baldly.n. bald'-
baffling : pa.p. baffled. [Fr. beffler, to deceive, unfledged; [Finn. Paljas, naked, bare; Dan. baeldet,
mock; It. beffa, a scoffing.] Celt, ball, a white mark.]
Bag, bag, n. that which bulges or bellies out ; a Balderdash, gether
bawl'der-dash, n. anything jumbled to
without judgment ; idle senseless talk.
sack or pouch. [A.S. baelg; Gael, balg.] [Welsh, baldorddi, to babble, talk idly; Gael.
bag. bag, v.t. to put into a bag.v.i. to swell out ballardaich, a shouting.]
like a bag :Pr.p. bag'ging ; Pa.p. bagged'.
bagpipe, bag'pTp, n. a musical wind-instrument, Baldrlck, bawld'rik, n. a warrior's belt : a girdle,
[old E. baudrick, a sword-belt ; Fr. bamirier;
consisting of a leathern bag which acts as a old Fr. baudri; old Ger. balderichbald, bold.]
bellows, andPipes.n. bagpiper.
Bagatelle, bag-a-tel', a trifle; a game played on Bale, bal, ., a ball, bundle or package of goods.
a table with 9 balls and a cue. [Fr.; It. baga- v.t. to make up in a bale :Pr.p. baling ; Pa.p.
tella, a conjuror's trick, a trifle.] baled'- [See Ball.]
Baggage, bag'aj, n. the goods or luggage of an Bale, bal, v.t. to throw water out (as from a boat)
army; luggage. [Fr. bagageold Fr. bagues, with a Pail or boivlipr.p. bal'ing ; Pa.p. baled'.
rings, goods; Ice. baugr, A.S., baeg, a ring, as a [Fr. bailie; Dan. balle; Gael, ballan, a pail.]
type of value.]a worthless woman ; a saucy Baleful, bil'fool, adj.,full oj bale ; full of mischief,
female. [Fr. bagasse, Ar. bagi, a strumpet.] misery, or sorrow ; destructive.adv. bale'faQy.
Bail, bal, . one who acts as tutor of a person [obs. E. bale, A.S. bealo. Ice. Ml, woe, evil.]
charged with an offence, and gives security for Balk, bawk, . lit. a ridge of land left unploughed
fate, far ; me, her ; mine ; mote ; mate ; moon ; Men.
30
 Ball
between furrows ; anything passed over or un
accomplished ; a disappointment.v.t., to pass
aver; to disappoint; to frustrate '.Pr.p. bnlk'-
ing: fa.p. balked'. [A.S. baka, W. balebal,
prominence.]
Ball, bawl, . any round body; a globe ; a bullet.
[Fr. dalle; It. balla; low Ger. bal; L. /Ha.}
balloon, bal-lcRSn'j, n. orig. a large ball, a foot-
ball; a spherical hollow body; a large bag
filled with gas or heated air to make it ascend.
(Fr. ballon, a foot-ballballe, a ball.]
ballot, bal'ot, a little ball, or ticket used in
voting ; act of secret voting by putting a ball or
ticket in a ballot-box.v.t. to vote by ballot:
pr.p. balloting ; pa.p. baH'oted. [Fr. ballotte.}
Ball, bawl, . an entertainment of dancing. (Fr.
bal; It. ballolow L. ballare, to dance-Gr.
balls,ballad,
to toss.]n. orig. a song sune in dancing ; a
ballad,
short narrative poem ; a popular song. [It,
ballata, from.,ballare.}
ballet, bal'13, a little ball; a theatrical scene
acted in dancing ; a kind of dramatic poem.
[Fr. ballet; It. ballataballare.}
Ballast, ballast, n. a load of heavy matter put in
the bottom of a ship to keep it steady, wnen it
has no cargo ; that which is used to make any
thing steady. v.t. to load with ballast; to
make or keep steady :Pr.p. bal'Iasting ; pa.p.
bariasted. [A.S. bat, a boat, hlcest, last, a load :
or Dutch, ballast, from last, and Celt, bal, beat,
Sans, baluka, sand : acc. to Wedgwood, from
Dan. bag-lest, back-load.]
Balloon, Ballot. See under Ball
Balm, hum, n. a contr. of balsam (which see) ; an
aromatic plant ; anything that heals or soothes
pain. [Fr. baume; u.balsamum ; Gr. balsamon.]
balmy, bam'i, adj.} having the qualities of balm;
fragrant ; soothing,
balsam, bawl'sam, n. a shrub ; an aromatic sub
stance flowing from certain trees ; a soothing
ointment ; anything that soothes pain,
balsamic, bal-sam'ik, adj., ofor tike balsam ; balmy.
Baluster, bal'us-ter, n. a small column used as a
support to the rail of a staircase, &c. [Fr. bal-
nstre; L. balaustium ; Gr. balaustion, the
flower of the pomegranate, from the similarity of
form.]adj. bal ustered. [by a rail,
balustrade, bal'us-trad, . a row of balustersjoined
Bamboo, bam-bOO', n. an Indian plant of the reed
kind, with hollow jointed stems and a hard
woody texture. [Malay, bambu.)
Baa, ban, aproclamation; interdiction; curse.
[See Abandon.]
bandit, ban'dit, n. one banished or put under the
ban of the law ; an outlaw ; a robber.//,
ban'dlts or banditti. [It. banditolow L. ban-
nire, bandire, to proclaimBan.]
banns, bens, banz, n pi., proclamation of intended
marriage.
Banana, ba-n5'na, n. a tropical species of plantain-
tree remarkable for its nutritious fruit. [?]
Band, band, n. that which binds together; a tie,
cord, or chain. [A.S. bandabindan, to bind.]
band, band, . a number of persons bound together
for a purpose; a conpany.in B., a body of sol
diers.v.t. to bind togeiher.v.l. to associate:
Pr.p. band'ing ; pa.p. band'ed. [also given
from low L. bar.dum, a banner.]
i, band'aj, n. a strip of cloth used to bind
fate, far; me, her; mine;
Banter
up a wound or fracture.v.t. to bind with a>
bandage '.pr.p. band'aging; pa.p. band'aged.
bandbox, band'boks, . a slight paper box for hold
ing bands, caps, bonnets, &c
Bandit. See under Ban.
Bandy, ban'di, n. a club bent at the end for strik
ing a ball ; a game at ball with such a club.
y.t. to beat to and fro as with a bandy ; to retort
in language like playing at bandy.v.i. to con
tend, as at bandy '.pr.p. ban'dying ; Pa.p.
ban'died. [Fr. bander, to Dend.]
bandy-legged, ban'di-legd, adj. having bent of
crooked legs.
Bane, ban, ., destruction; death ; mischief; poison.
[A.S. bana; Ice. bana, to slay.]
baneful, ban'fool, adj., full of bane; poisonous;
destructive.adv. beae'fully.
Bang, bang, ., a heavy blow.v.t. tobeat ; to strike
violently '.-pr.p. bang'ing ; Pa.p. banged'. [a
imitation of the sound of a blowSw. bang;
Goth, banja ; Sw. and Ice. banka, to strike.]
Banian, a form of Banyan.
Banish, ban'ish, v.t. to put under a ban; to con
demn to leave the country ; to drive away :
Pr.p. banishing ; Pa.p. ban'ished. [Fr. bannir
low L. bannire, to proclaim.] Sec Ban.
banishment, ban'ish-ment, ., the act ofbanishing}
the state of being banished.
Banister, ban'is-ter, n. corrupted from Balnstex.
Bank, bangk, u. , a mound or ridge of earth ; the
ground rising from a river, lake, &c. ; a shoal.
v.t. to raise a bank :-Pr.p. bank'ing ; pa.p.
banked". [A.S. btetic ; Ger. bank; Ice. bakki,
a bank, the back of a knifeprob. from Back.]
Bank, bangk, n., a bench or seat; a place where
money is deposited.v.t. to put money in a*
bank .Pr.p. bank'ing ; pa.p. banked'. [Fr-
banc; It. banco, a bench on which the Venetian/
money-changers displayed their money, a count
ing-house; AS. banc, a bench.]
banker, bangk'er, n., one who keeps a bank.
banking, bangk'ing, adj., pertaining to a bank.n.
the business of a banker.
bankrupt, bangk'rupt, n. lit. one whose bench or
business is broken up ; one who becomes unable
to pay just debts.adj. unable to pay just debts.
[Bank, and L. ruptus, broken. ]
bankruptcy, bangk'rupt-si, #., state ofbeing, or act
of becoming bankrupt.
Banner, ban'ner, n. a mark or sign for troops to
rally round ; a square flag ; military standard ; a
flag or ensign. [Fr. bannUreprob. from Goth.
bandvo, a sign made by bending the head or
hand : or from It. banda, a strip of cloth.]
banneret, bnn'ner-et, ., a little banner; a big
class of knight inferior to a baron.
Banns. See under Ban.
Banquet, bangOcwet, n. lit. a little bench or table ;
a feast; a grand entertainment; anything de
lightful.v.t. to give a feast to.v.i. to fare
sumptuously: in B., to drink :pr.p. banquet
ing ; Pa,p. ban'queted. [Fr.It bawhetto, dim.
of banco, a bench or table.]
Bans. See under Ban.
Bantam, ban'iam, n. a very small variety of the
common fowl, originally brought from the F.ast
Indies, and supposed to derive its name from
Bantam in Java.adj. of the Bantam breed.
Banter, han'ter, v.t. to play upon good-humouredly
in words; to rally; to joke or jest at:Pr.p.
mOte ; mute; moon; then.
 Bantling barony-
ban'tering; /a./.ban'tcrcd.n. jesting; raillery, rude ; uncultivated ; savage ; brutal.adv. bar
[perhaps from Fr. badiner, to joke with.] barously.h. bar'barousneuB.
Bantling, bant'ling, . a child in swaddling-clothes, Barberry, baVber-ri, n. a thorny shrub bearing red
so called from the bands in which it is wrapped. berries, common in hedges. [Sp. and low L.
Banyan, ban'yan, n. the Indian fig-tree : its berberis, Ar. barbaris.]
branches send down shoots, which form stems, Barbican. See Barbacan.
and spread themselves over a large area. [perh. Bard, bard, n. a poet and singer of the ancient
from Sans, punya, sacred, the tree being so held.] Celts ; a poet. [Ir. and Gael. ; W. bardd.]
Baobab, bil'C-bab, n. an African tree, the largest bardie, bard'ik, adj., relating to bards or poetry.
known ; called also Monkey-bread Tree from the Bare, bar, adj., open; exposed; naked ; unadorned ;
name of its fruit. [Ethiopic]
Baptise, bap-tir', v.t.,-to dip in water; to administer poor; mere or by itself.v.t. to lay open; to
baptism to christen :Pr.p. baptls'ing ;Pa.p. bap barely., bare new. baring;
make naked:;pr.p. Pa.p. bared7.adv.
[A.S. ba*r-berian, to bare
tised'. [Gr. baptizdbaptd, to dip in water.]
baptism, bap'tizm, n. immersion in or sprinkling barefaced, baVfast, adj. with the faceIce.uncovered
or make naked ; Ger. boar, bar; ber.\
;
with water as a religious ceremony.adj. bap shameless.adv. barefacedly.n. bare facedneas.
tismal. Bare, barbore ; did bearpast tense of Bear.
baptist, bap'tist, n., one who baptises; one who Bargain, baVgin, n. a trafficking; a contract or
approves only of adult baptism by immersion. agreement ; the thing bought or sold ; a profit
baptistery, bap'tis-tcr-i, n. a place for baptising. able transaction.v.t. to make a contract or
Bar, bar, . lit. a branch; a rod of any solid sub
stance ; a hinderancc or obstruction; a bolt; a agreement[Fr.
'Pr.p. bargaining ; Pa.p. bargained.
bargrtigner, to haggle ; prob. from low L.
gate ; an enclosed place in a tavern or in a court barcaniarebarca,
of law ; any tribunal ; a division in music. [Fr. Barge. See under Bark.a trading boat.]
barre ; It. barra, a bar; Celt, bar, the top, a Barilla, ba-ril'la, n. the alkaline ash of several
branch.] marine plants growing chiefly on the eastern
bar, bar, v.t. to fasten or secure as with a bar or shores of Spain, used for making soap, glass, &c
bars; to hinder or exclude :Pr.p. barring; [Sp. barriita.]
Pa.p. barred'.
barrel, bar'cl, n. a round wooden cask made of Bark, bark, n. the outer rind or covering of a tree.
bars or slaves ; anything long and hollow.v.t. v.t. to peel or strip off bark :pr.p, bark'ing ;
to put into a barrel :Pr.p. barrelling ; pa.p. Pa.p, barked'. [Dan. and Sw. bark; Ice. bSrkr;
barrelled. baril; It. barile.) A.S. beorgan, to cover.]
barricade, bar-ri-kad', n. a bar or obstruction ; a for Bark, bark, . the noise made by a dog, wolf, &c.
tification made in haste to keep off an attack. v.t. to cry like a dog ; to clamour :pr.p. ^
v.t. to stop up; to obstruct; to fortify '.Pr.p. bark'ing ; Pa.p. barked'. [A.S. beonan, from an
barriciid'ing ; pa.p. barricad'ed. [Fx.] imitation of the sound.]
barrier, barVi-er, ., a bar; a defence against at- ' Bark, Barque, biirk, n., a barge; a ship of small
tack ; a limit ; a boundary. [Fr. barriire.} size ; technically, a three-masted vessel with no
barrister, barVis-ter, . a counsellor at law who square sails on her mizzen-mast, [Fr. barqtte;
pleads at the bar of an English law-court. old Fr. barge; Ger. and Dan. barkc ; Sp., It.,
Barb, barb a beard, or that which grows like, or low L. barca ; Ice. barkr.]
in the place of it ; the beard-like jag on the barge, bar), ., a bark; a boat used in the unload
head of an arrow, fish-hook, &c.v.t. to arm ing of large vessels ; a pleasure or state boat.
with barbs:/r./. barb'ing ; Pa.p. barbed'. [Fr. Barley, barli, n., bread-plant ; a grain used for
barbeL. barba, a beard.]
barbel, barb'el, n. a fresh-water fish, so called from food, but chiefly for making malt. [A.S. bere\
\V. barllysbara, bread, llys, a plant.]
having four barbs on its mouth.
barber, barb'er, n. one who shaves beards, or malt liquorsn. yeast
Barm, harm, ; the scum that rises upon
when fermenting.adj. barm y.
dresses hair. [A.S. besrmbeoran, beran, to bear.]
Barb, barb, n. a Barbary horse. (Fr. barbe; old Barn, barn, ., a place /or barley; a building in
Fr, barbareBarbary in N. Africa.]
Barbacan, barTra-kan, barbican, baVbi-kan, n, a contracted bemberc, are
which grain, hay, &c, stored. [A.S. berern^
watch-tower ; outer work or defence of a castle ; Barnacle, baYna-kl, n. a shell-fish em,
barley, a place.]
with a ^/-shaped,
a defence before a gate or bridge, [low 1,. shell, which adheres to the bottoms and sides of
barbacana, prob. from Pers. bala khatteh, upper ships. [Fr, bamache; Gael, baimeach; Manx,
chamber.] Sec Balcony. bitmag/i, a limpetbaym, a cap.}
Barbarian, bar-ba'ri-an, adj. lapplied by the Greeks Barometer, ba-rom'et-er, ., a weigh(-measurer;
to those speaking a language not intelligible an instrument by which the weight of the atmos
to them); foreign; without refinement; relat
ing to savages; rude; uncivilised.. one who phere is measured and changes of weather indi
is barbarian. [L. b.irbarus; Gr. barbaros cated.adj. baromet'ric.adv. barometrically.
bar, bar, an imitation of unintelligible sounds.] iGr. baros, weight, ntetron, a measure.]
barbaric, bar-bar'ik, adj. foreign ; uncivilised, Baron, baKon, . lit. a man ; title of rank next above
barbarlse, bar'bar-12, v.t. to make barbarous: a baronet and below a viscount ; the lowest rank
Pr.p. bar'barlsing ; pa.p. bar'barTsed. in the House of Peers; a title of certain judges:
barbarism, baYbar-izm, . ravage life ; rudeness of in cook., a double sirloin ;fem. bar'oness.adj.
manners ; cruelty ; an incorrect or vulgar form baronial. [ Fr. ; A.S. baron, beern, wer, old Fr.
of speech. bcr, L. vir, a man.] '
barbarity, bar-bar'i-ti, . savageness ; cruelty, baronage, bar\)n-;"ij, n. the whole Iwdy of barons,
barbarous, baVbar-us, adj. in a state of barbarism ; barony, bar'o-ni, n. the territory of a baron.
fate, far; mi"/ her; mine; mOte ; mute ; moT-n ; then.
 baronet
baronet, bar'on-et, ., a lesser Baron; a title of
honour next to that of a baron ; the lowest here
ditary title in England.baronetage, bar'on-et-aj,
ft. the whole body of baronets.
baronetcy, bar'on-et-si, n. the rank of a baronet.
Barouche, ba-rCOsh', . orig. a two-w/ieeled car
riage; a doublc--eated four-wheeled carriage,
with a falling top. [It. barrocioh. birotus,
two-wheeledbis, twice, rota, a wheel.]
Barque. See Bark.
Barrack, bar'ak, . lit. a hut made of branches ;
a building in which soldiers are lodged. [Gael.
barracluuibarrach, branches.]
Barrel. See under Bar.
Barren, bar'ren, adj. unbearing ; unfruitful ; dull.
*. bar'rennata. [old Fr. brihaigne, baraigne,]
Barricade, Barrier, Barrister. See under Bar.
Barrow, bar'rfJ, . a small hand or wheel-carriage,
used to bear or convey a load. [A.S. berewe
beran, to bear.]
Barrow, barVC, n. a mound raised over graves to
protect them. [A.S. beorkbeorgan, to protect]
Barter, barter, v.t, to give one thing in exchange
for another.v.t. to traffic by exchanging :
Pr.p. bartering ; Pa.j>. bar'tercd.. traffic by
exchange of commodities, [old Fr. bareter.]
Baryta, ba-rtta, Barytas, ba-rftcz, . the Jieaviest
of the earths.adj. baryt'ic. [Gr. barys, heavy.]
Barytone, barf-tOn, ., a deep tone; a male voice,
the compass of which lies between the bass and
tenor. [Gr. barys, heavy, deep, tonos, tone.]
Baaalt, ba-sawlr*, . a hard, dark-coloured rock, of
igneous origin.adj. basaltic [L. basaltes (an
African word), a marble found in Ethiopia.]
Base, bas, . lit. a stepping; that on which one
steps, or on which a thing rests : foot ; bottom ;
foundation ; support ; the chief ingredient.v.t.
to found or place on abase '.-Pr.p. basing ; Pa.p.
based'. [L. and Gr. basisbaino, to step.]
baseless,
basement,bashes, adj.,n.without
basement, a base or foundation,
the ground-floorofa building,
bails, bis'is, ft. same as Base.//, bases, bas'ez.
Base, bas, adj., low in place, value, estimation, or
f>rinciplc ; mean ; vile ; worthless : in New Test.,
nimble, lowly.adv. basely.. base'nais. [Fr.
bas ; It. basso ; low L. bassusGr. basis.] See
Base above,
bass, bas, . the loivest part in music,
bassoon, bas-sGon', n. a musical wind-instrument of
a bass or very low note,
bass-relief, bas-r-lf, bas-relief, ba-, n., low relief;
in sculpture, figures which do not stand far out
from the ground on which they are formed. [It.
basso, rilievo.] See relief.
Bashaw, ba-shaw', . a Turkish title of honour
given to viceroys and other distinguished men ;
a proud tyrannical person. See Pacha.
Bashful, bash'fool, adj., easily confused; modest ;
shy; wanting confidence.adv. bashfully..
bash'fulness, [from root of Abash.J
Basilica, ba-zil'i-ka, n. orig. a hall in which the
king administered the laws; among the Romans,
also a market-place, many of which were after
wards converted into Christian churches; a large
church. [Gr. basilikibasileus, a king.]
Basilisk, baz'U-isk, n. lit. the king of serpents; a
fabulous serpent having a crest on its head like
a crown ; in modern zoology, a genus of crested
lizards. [Gr. basiliskos, dim. oibasileus, a king.]
fate, far ; me", her ; mine ;
c 3)
batn
Basin, bu'sn, . a wide, open vessel or dish; any
hollow place ; a dock ; the area drained by a
river. [Fr. bassist i It. bacitio; Dutch, back.]
Baals. See Base.
Bask, bask, v.t, to lie iu the warmth or sunshine.
v.t. to warm by exposure to heat:fr.p.
bask'ing ; Pa.p. basked', [from the root of Bake.]
Basket, basket, . a vessel made of twigs, rushes
or other flexible materials interwoven. [W.
basgedbasg, netting.]
Bass, in music. Sec Base.
Baas, bas, n. a mat made of bast (which see).
Bassoon, Bass-reLief. See under Base.
Bast, bast, . the inner bark of the lime-tree ; mat
ting made of it. [Dan., Sw., Ger., A.S. bast.]
Bastard, bas'tard, . a child born of parents not
married.adj. not genuine; false. [Gael, boos,
lust.]
bastardise, bas'tard-Tz, v.t. to prove to be a bastard :
Pr.p. bas'tardising ; Pa.p. bas'tardlscd.
bastardy, bas'tard-i, ft. state of being a bastard.
Baste, bast, v.t., to put together the pieces of
a garment by preparatory stitching ; to sew
slightly '.Pr.p. bast'ing ; Pa.p. bast/ed. [It.
and Sp. basta, a long stitch ; Sp. bastear, Fr.
bastir, bdtir, to baste, to put together, to build.]
Baste, bast, v.t. to beat with a baton or stick; to
baste meat, orig. to rub the meat while roasting
with a stick covered with fat ; now, to drop fat
or butter over the meat:/r./. bast'ing; Pa.p.
basr/ed. [Ice. beysta, Dan. baste, Sw. bSsta,
to beatprob. in imitation of the sound.]
baton, bat'on, batoon, bat-UKJn', . a staff or
truncheon ; a marshal's staff. [Fr. batott,
boston, from root of Baste, to beat.]
basttnade, bas-ti-nad', bastinado, bas-ti-ni'do, v.t.
to beat with a baton or stick on the soles of the
feet:pr.p. bastiniSd'ing ; pa.p. bastinad'ed.n.
a bastlnade', battina'do, or bastlnad'lag. [Sp. bas-
tonada, Fr. bastonnadeboston, b&ton.]
batten, bat'n, ., a piece ofwood or board from 2 to
7 inches wide, and from \ to x\ thick.v.t. to
fasten or form with battens:/?-./, batt/ening;
pa.p. batt'ened. [Fr. baton.]
Bastion, bast'yun, n. a mass of earth or masonry,
set up at the angles of a fortification for pur
poses of defence. [Fr. and Sp. from Fr. bastir,
bdtir, to set up, to build.]
Bat, bat, a heavy stick used for beating or
striking ; a flat club for striking the ball in
cricket.v.t. to play with a bat :pr.p. batt'ing;
pa.p. batr/ed. [A.S. and Gael, bat, the root of
Beat, an imitation of the sound of a blow.]
batlet, bat'let, ., a small bat or square piece of
wood with a handle for beating linen.
Bat, bat, . an animal having a body like a mouse,
but with wings attached to its fore-feet, [old
E. and Scot, bah, backe; Sw. backa.)
Batch, bach, n. the quantity of bread baked, or of
anything made, at one time, [from Bake.]
Bate, bat, v.t. same as Abate.
Bath, bath, tt. the largest Jewish liquid measure ~
about 8 gallons. [Heb., meaning 'measured.']
Bathe, hZth, v.t. orig. to wash in warm or hot
water ; to wash or moisten with any liquid.v.t.
to be or He in water :Pr.p. bath'ing ; Pa.p.
bathed'.. a bathe. [A.S. bathiun ; Ice. Soda;
Ger. badenbahen, to warm.]
bath, bath, ft. a place to bathe in ; a bathing ; a
mote ; mute ; mOOn ; Men.
 Bathos beam
vessel for bathing in.pi. bath*, baMz. [A.S. bay-window, btt-win'dS, n., a window projecting sc
as to form a bay or space within.
baetk; Ice. Sw., Dutch, and Ger. bad.]
Bathos, bii'thos, n. a sinking in poetry ; a ludicrous Bay, ba, v.i., to bark, as a dog at his game.
descent from the elevated to the mean in writing v.t. bayed7,
to bark at '.pr.p. and n. baling ; pa.p.
[old Fr. abbayer; It. baiare: from
or speech. [Gr. bathos, &cyt\\bathys, deep.] the sound.]
Batlet. See under Bat.
Baton, Batoon. See under Bute. Bay, ba, . act of watching or keeping in check,
Batr&chian, bs-tr"t'ki-nn. adj. pertaining to animals as into keep at bay. [Fr. bayer, old Fr. baer,
to gape, to watch.] See Abash.
ofthefrog tribe, [from Gr. batrachot, a frog.] Bayonet, ba'on-et, . a short dagger fixed on the
Battalion. Sec Battle. end of a musket.v.t. to stab with a bayonet :
Batten, bat'n, v.i. lit. to get better; to thrive; to pr.p. ba/oncting; pa.p. bay'oneted. [Fr. baton-
become fat.v.t. to make fat batt/en- ttette, from Bayonne, where first made or used.]
ing ; pa.p. batr/ened. [D. bat, root of Better.] Bazaar, Baiar, ba-zaV, . an eastern market-place
Batten, bat'n, n. a board. See under Baste. or exchange ; a large hall or suite of rooms for
Batter, bat'ter, v.t. to beat down; to beat with the sale ofgoods. [Pcrs. a market.]
successive blows ; to wear with beating or by Bdellium, dcl'i-um, n. in B., a precious stone,
use ; to attack with artillery '.pr.p. bat'terinc ; nature unknown. [Heb. bedblach.]
Pa.p. bai'tercd. (It. battert; Fr. battre; L. Be, b, v.i., to live; to exist ; to have a certain
battuere, from root bat, a blow.] See Bat.
batter, bat'ter, n. ingredients beaten together with state or quality : in B., arc :pr.t. am ; Ax./, was
(woz) :pr.p. bfi'ing ; pa.p. been (bin). [A.S.
some liquid into a paste. beon; Gael, beo, living : Gr. bios, life, phuo, L.
battering-ram, bat'ter-ing-ram, n. an ancient engine Jui,Aot to be : Sans, bku to be.]
for battering' down walls, consisting of a large being, Wrng, n. existence, state, or condition ; any
beam with a head of iron like that of a raw, thing or person existing.
suspended in a frame.
battery, bat'ter-i, n. act of battering-; a number of Beach, been, n. the shore of the sea or of a lake ;
cannon with their appurtenances ; the place on the strand, [perhaps connected with Ice. bakkt,
which cannon are mounted ; the men and horses a bank.] See Bank.
attending the guns ; an instrument used in elec beached, becht, adj. exposed to the waves ; stranded.
tric and galvanic experiments ; in /awart as beachy, bcch'i, adj., having a beach.
sault by beating or wounding. Beacon, blui, n. lit. a beckoning ; a fire on an
B.ittie, bat'], n. a fight ; a hostile encounter ; a eminence used as a sign of danger ; a light to
contest. v.t, to fight against; to struggle: direct seamen ; anything that warns of danger.
pr.p. and n. battling ; pa.p. battled. [Fr. v.t. to act as a beacon ; to light up :Pr.p. bea'-
bataille, from battre, to beat,] See Batter. coning ; pa.p. bea'coned. [A.S. beacett, a sign,
battalion, bat-tal'yun, . orig. a body of men ar a nod-beacnian, to beckon.]
rayed for battle; a body of foot-soldiers of from Bead, bed, n. lit. something bid orprayed; a little
500 to tooo men. [Fr. bataillon.] ball pierced for stringing, used by K. Catholics to
Battledore, Battledoor, batl-dOr, x. a bat used to help the memory in counting theprayers recited ;
strike a ball or shuttle-cock. [Sp. batador, a any small ball; a round moulding. [A.S. bead,
washing beetle, from Bat.] gehed, a prayerbiddan, to bid, to pray.] Sec Bid.
Battlement, bat'l-ment, . a parapet with embrasures beadroU, bd rCl, n. among R. Catholics, a rvll or
list of the dead to be prayed for.
on the top of a building, orig. used only on forti beadaman, bSdz'man, n.,a manwhopraysfor others.
fications. [It. battaglierebattaglia, a battle: /em. beadj woman.
or Fr. bastille', batilli, built as a fortress.]
Battue, bat'tTO, n. a beating up of game. [Fr. Beadle, bS'31, n. a messenger or crier of a court, or
battre, to beat.] one who bids or cites persons to appear and
Bawble, Bauble, bawTjl, ., a baby's plaything; a parish, answer: a petty officer of a church, college,
trifling piece of finery ; a gewgaw or trifle. [Fr. bidan, to&c.wait,[A.S. bydelbidan, to bid : or from
beadle thus meaning, a waiter, an
babeole, a trifle, from root of Babe.] attendant.]n. bea dleship.
Bawd, bawd, n. a procurer or procuress of women Beagla, be'gl, n. a small hound chiefly used in
for lewd purposes.v.i. to procure or provide hunting hares. [Celt, beag, bac, little : or a
women for lewd purposes, [old Fr. baude, bold, corruption ofbeadle, from the idea of tracking.]
wanton ; W. baw, filth.]
bawdy, bawd'i, adj., Jiltky ; obscene; unchaste. Beak, bek, n. anything ending in a peak, pike, or
n. bawd'ineaa. point; the bill of a bird. [Fr. bee; GaeL bcic;
Bawl, bawl, v.i., to bellow ; to shout or cry out beaked, A.S. Hie, from root fik, a point.]
loudly :Pr.p. and n. bawl'ing ; Pa.p. bawled'. Beaker, bckt, adj., havinga beak; ending in a point.
n. bawl'er. [A.S. bellan, to roar; Ice. baula, becher;bk'er, n. a drinking-bowl or cup. [Ger.
It. bicchiere; low L. bicarium; Scot.
to bellow, from baw, imitative of a shout.] bicker: perhaps connected with Beak from the
Bay, ba, adj. reddish-brown inclining to chestnut. shape of its mouth.]
[Fr. bai; L. badius; Gr. baSs.] Beam, bem, n. lit. the stock of a tree; a large and
bayard, ba/ard, n. a bay horse.
Bay, ba, n. the laurel-tree, so called from Its bearing straight
main
piece of timber, forming one of the
supports of a building, ship, loom, &c. :
bays or berries. [Fr. bateL. bacca, a berry.] the part of a balance from which the scales hang ;
Bay, ba. ., a bending of the shore ; an arm of the the pole of a carriage. [A.S. beam, a tree, a
sea. [Fr. bate; Dutch, baai, bugtGer. biegtn, stock of a tree; Ger. baum;
to bend; A.S. bigebigan, to bend: also given beam, bm, ., anythingstraightDutch, boom.]
like thestockof'a
from Fr. bayer, to gape, to open the mouth.] tree ; a collection of rays of light emitted from
fate, far ; me, her ; mine ; mOte ; mute ; m(K)n ; then*
3t
 beamless Bedew
a luminous body.v.i. to send out light ; to //. the virtues pronounced blessed by Christ in
shine :/r./. beaming; Pa.p. beamed'. [A.S. Matt. v. [L. beatitudo, from beatus.]
beam, a tree, a ray of right, leantian, to shine.] Bean, h&, n. afine, gay man, fond of dress : a lover.
beamlen, bemles, adj., without beams.
beamy, beml, adj. massy like a beam ; emitting pi. beaux, bOz.fem. belle U.I . [Fr. beau, bel
-L. bellus, fine, gaya contraction of benulus,
beams ; shining, from benus, bonus, good.]
boom, bOTm, . a beam ; a pole by which a sail is bean-ideal, bO-I-defal, ideal excellence, or an
stretched ; a chain or bar laid across a harbour.
Bean, ben, n. the name of several kinds of pulse beau-monde, t>o-mongd',of,perfection,
imaginary standard
the gay or fashionable
and their seeds. [A.S. bean; "W.jffacn; Ger. world. [Fr. beau, and monae, world.]
bokne ; L.faba.] beauty, bu'ti, n. apleasingassemblage ofqualities in a
Bear, bur, v to carry or support; to endure : to person or object ; a particulargrace or excellence ;
suffer.v.i. to suffer ; to be patient ; to lean a beautiful person. [Fr. beaut/, from beau.}
against or press :pr.p. bearing ; pa. t. bore ; beauteous, bQ'tC-us, adj.,fuUofbeauty; fair; hand-
Pa.p. borne. [A.S. beran; Goth, bairan; L. beautiful, some.adv. bean'teonsly.. beau'teonsnes*.
/era ; Gr. pkerd ; Sans, bkri.] bQ'ti-fool, adj. beauteous.adv. bean'tl-
bear, bar, v.t. to bring forth young.v.i. to be beautify, fully.
fruitful :pr.t. bcar'ing ; pa.p. born (bawrn). bu'ti-fT, v.t., to make beautiful; to grace;
bearable, bara-bL adj., that can be borne.adv. to adorn.v.i. to become beautiful :f>r.6.
bear'ably. bcau'tifying ; /.:./. bcau'lified. [beauty, and L.
bearer, baVer, . a person or thing that bears. facio, to make.]
bearing; baring, n. carriage or behaviour ; situation Beaver, b'vcr, n. an amphibious animal valuable
of one object with regard to another. fur its fur ; the fur of the beaver. [A.S. be/or,
Bear, bar, n. a genus of rough wild quadrupeds, beofer; Ger. biber; Dan. baever; "L.fiber.]
with long shaggy hair ana hooked claws ; fig. Beaver, bf'ver, n. that part of a helmet which
any brutal or ill-behaved person ; in as(ran., the
name of two constellations in the north, the covers the face and is movable up and down, r-o
Great and Little Bear. [A.S. bera; Ger. bar; as old
to allow the wearer to drink. [It. bevere ;
Fr. bevereL. bibere, to drink.]
lj./era, a wild beast.]
bearish, baVish, adj. having the qualities of a bear. Be-,signification,
prefixed to words has usually an intensive
Beard, herd, n. the hair that grows on the chin and meaning, thus but often conveys no additional
Bedeck has the same meaning as
adjacent parts ; prickles on the ears of com ; Deck. For words
the barb of an arrow ; the gills of oysters, &c. in this dictionary, beginning with Be, not found
v.t. to take by the beard ; to oppose to the for Bedeck, see Deck.see the original word, thus
face ;pr.p. beaming ; pa.p. beard ed. [A.S. ; Becalm, be-kam', v.t. to make calm, still or quiet :
W. barf; Ger. bart ; L. barba : perhaps from Pr.p. becalming; Pa.p. becalmed'. [A.S. be,
root of Ice. bard, a lip.] [barbed. and Calm.]
bearded, bCrd'ed, adj., having a beard; prickly; Became,
beardless, berd'les, adj., "without a beard; young. Because, be-kSm'did
b-cawrrl conj.,becomepa.t. of Become.
by cause or for the cause
Beast, bst, *. lit. a creature with being or life ; an or reason that ; for. [A.S. be, by, and Caase.J
irrational animal ; a four-footed animal ; a brutal Beck, bek, n. a sign with thefinger or head ; a nod.
man : in B., used for any living creature except
man. ( L. bestia; Dutch, beest ; Gael, biast, [A.S. beacen; beacnian, to beckon; Sw. Pefca,
Dan. Pege, to point with the finger.]
prob. from beo, living.]adj. beastlike. beckon, bek'n, v.i. to beck or signal with the head
beastly, bestli, adj., like a beast in actions or beha or hand.v.t. to nod or signal to '.pr.p. beck'on-
viour ; brutal ; filthy ; obscene.n. beastliness. ing ; Pa.p. beck'oned.
bestial, besr'yal, adi.t pertaining to or having the
qualities of a beast ; brutish ; vile ; sensual. Become, bc-kum', v.i., to come to; to come to be :
[L. bestialis.]adv. bestially.n. bestiality. to enter into a state or condition.v.t. to suit or
bestlallse, best'yal-Tz, v.t., to make like a beast. befit ; to add grace to :Pr.p. becoming ; pa.t.
Beat, bet, v.t., to strike with repeated blows ; to became*; Pa.p. become'. [A.S. becumanbe,
break or bruise ; to tread ; to overcome.v.i. to and cuman, to come.] See Come,
give strokes at intervals ; to throb ; to be in becoming, b-kum'ing, adj. suitable to; proper :
graceful.adv. becomingly.
agitation ; to dash as a flood or storm :pr.p.
and n. bearing; pa.t. beat; Pa.p. beat, bear/en. Bed, bed, n. a couch or place to sleep on ; a place
[A.S. beatan, from root bat, imitative ofthe sound in which anything rests ; a layer or stratum.
of a sharp blow.] See Bat, Batter, Battle, &c. [A.S. bed; Ice. bedr; Ger. bett.]
beat, bt, n. a stroke ; a stroke recurring at intervals bed, bed, v.t., to place in bed; to sow or plant ; to
or its sound, as of the pulse, or a watch ; a round lay in layers':Pr.p. bedding; pa.p. bedd'ed.
or course frequently trodden or resorted to. bedding, bedlng, n, a bed and its furniture ; the
beater, bet'er, n., one that beats or strikes. materials of a bed.
Beatify, b5-ari-fT, v.t. , to make blessed or happy ; bedridden, bed'rid-dn, adj. confined to bed by age
or infirmity. [A.S. bed.rida, one who rides or
to bless with happiness in heaven :pr.p. beati is borne on his bedbed, and ridan, to ride.]
fying '.Pa.p. beatified. [L. beatus, blessedbeo, bedstead, bed'sted, n. the frame of a bed.
beatum, to bless, andfacio, to make.]
beatific, bC-at-iflk. beatifical, be-at-ifik-al, adj. Bedevil, beVdevI, v.t. to throw into disorder and
having power to beatify.adv. beatifieaUy. confusion as if by the devil:Pa.p. and adj.
beatification, beVat-i-fi-ka'shun, n. a declaration by bedevilled. [A.S. prefix be, and Devil.]
r the Pope that a person is blessed in heaven. Bedew, be-du', v.t. to moisten gently, as with dew:
beatitude, bi-at'i-rud, n.t blessedness; heavenly pr.p. bedewing ; pa.p. bedewed', [be, and
happiness, or happiness of the highest kind ; in Dew.]
fate, far ; m3, her ; mine ; mote ; mute ; mGon ; Men.
:5
 Eedight Belabour
Badight, bS-dlt', adj., set in order; adorned. begging.v.t. to reduce to beggary ; to exhaust :
[A.S. prefix be, and dihtan, to set in order.] pr.p. begg aring ; pa.p. beggared.
Bedizen, be-diz/n, v.t. to dress ; to dress gaudily. [?] beggarly, bcgar-li, adj., like a beggar; poor t
Bedlam, bedlam, . an asylum for lunatics ; a mad mean ; contemptible.adv. beggarly. begg/-
house ; a place of uproar.adj. belonging to or beggary, beg'ar-i, ., state of a beggar; [poverty.
orlines*.
extreme
fit for a mad-house. [Corrupted from Befklchtm, Began, be-gan'did beginpast tense of Begin.
the name of a monastery in London afterwards
converted into a hospital for lunatics.] Beget, b-get', v.t., to get or cause to be got or pro
bedlamite, bed'lam-U, tt. a madman. duced ; to produce ; to generate '.pr-p- beget'-
Bedouin, Bednln, bedf50-in, n. the name applied to ting ; pa.t. begot' or begat* ; pa.p. begot' or be-
those Arabs who live in tents and lead an un begetter, gott'en. [A.S. be-getan.) See Get.
settled life. [At. bedawi, dwellers in the desert.] be-get'er, n., one who begets; a father.
Bee, be, n. an insect that makes honey and wax. rise ;bS-gin',
Begin, v.i. to be or come into being; to take
to enter on something new ; to commence.
[A.S. boo; Ger. bicne ; L, apis.)
Beech, bech, n. a common forest tree with smooth, ginning; pa.t. upon
v.t. to enter ; to commence :pr.p. be
silvery-looking bark, which produces nuts, beginnan, from began'; Pa.p. begun'. [A.S.
formerly eaten by man, now only by pigs. [A.S. ginomai, to come into gin, root to beget, as in Gr.
being, L. gigno, to beget.]
bece, boc; Ger. buche; h.fagus; Gr. phigos beginner, b-gin'er, n. , one who begins.
phagd, to eat.]
beeches, bech'en, adj. belonging to or made of beginning, state ;
b-ginlng, m. the first cause, act, or
origin or commencement; rudiments.
beech.
Beef, bef, . orig. an ox, bull, or cow ; the flesh of Begone, part,
bS-gon', int. or imp. , be gone ; go away ; de
[be, imp. of to be, and gone, pa.p. of to go.)
an ox, bull, or cow.adj. consisting of beef. Begot, Begotten. Sec Beget.
[Fr. been/; L. bos, bovis ; Gr. bans, an imitation Beguile, bS-gll', v.t. to impose on by guile or craft :
of the bellowing of the ox.] to deceive ; to amuse 'Pr.p. beguiring ;Pa.p. be
beeves, bevz, n.pl. cattle, oxen. guiled'.adv. begttll'ingly. [A.S. be, and Guile.j
Beef-eater, befet-er, n. Ut. one who attends at the beguiler, be-gll'er, n., he who or that which beguiles.
buffet or sideboard ; now jocularly applied to the Begun, be-gun',
yeomen of the sovereign's guard, [a corruption Behalf, be-haf, pastparticiple of Begin.
n. behoof; advantage ; favour ;
of Fr. buffetierbuffet.) cause; sake; part. [A.S. behefe.) See Behoove.
Been, bin, past participle of Be.
Beer, ber, n. lit. a drink ; a liquor made by fermen Behave, carry;
be-haV, v.t. orig. to have; to bear or
to conduct.v.t. to conduct one's self;
tation from malted barley and hops. [A.S. bear; to act :pr.p. behaving ; pa.p. behaved'.
Fr. biere ; Ger. bier: prob. connected with L. be-habbanhabban, to have ; Ger. gehaben.)[A.S. B
bibere, Gr. pid, Sans, pa, pi, to drink.]
Beet, b6t, n. a vegetable with a carrot-like root behaviour, be-haVyur, n. manner of behaving;
conduct ; manners ; demeanour.
eaten as food, from which sugar is extracted ; Behead, b-hed', v.t., to cut off the head;pr.p.
also used as a salad. [Dutch, biet ; Ger. beete ; beheading ; Pa.p. beheaded. [A.S. be, and Head.]
Fr. bette; L. beta.}
Beetle, be'tl, n. lit. the biter; an insect with hard Behemoth, belie-moth, n.andanpa.p.
1 Beheld, bC-held'pa.t. of Behold.
animal described in the
cases for its wings. [A.S. bitelbitan, to bite.) book ofJob,prob.thchippopoiamus.[Heb.,beasts.]
Beetle, be'tl, n. a heavy wooden mallet used to beat
with. [A.S. bitlbeatan, to beatbat.) Behest, be-hest', n. lit. something named to be
beetle-headed, be'tl-hed-ed, adj., having a head done ; command ; charge ; will. [A.S. belurs,
vow, from be, and furs, commandhatau, Goth.
like a beetle; dull; stupid,
beetle, be'tl, v.i. to jut out or hang over like the haitan, to call, to name.]
head of a beetle or mallet :/r./.Tjee'tling. Behind, bc-hind', Prep, at the hinder part, tail, or
beetle-browed, be'tl-browd, adj., having beetling- or back of ; in the rear of ; coming after ; inferior
prominent brows. to.adv. on the back part ; in the rear ; remain
Beeves. See Beef. ing; past. [A.S. behindan; Ger. hinten; Finn.
Befall, be-fawl', v.t. tofallor happen to.v.i.to hap behindhand,hanta, the tail.]
pen or come to pass '.pr.p. befalling ; Pa.p. bc- behind, backward, be-hind'hand, adj. or adv. being
fall'en ;pa.t. betelT. [A.S. be-feallan.) SecFalL or in arrears.
Behold,
Before, be-fOr7, Prep, in thefore part, or in front to contemplate.v.i. be-hSld', v.t. orig. to hold; to look upon;
of; in presence or in sight of; in preference to ; tion on :Pr.p. beholding to look ; to fix the atten
superior td ; previous to.adv. in front ; earlier beheld'.int. ; pa. t. and Pa.p.
in time ; hitherto. [A.S.be-foran.) See Pore. or imp. see ! lo ! observe ! [A.S.
behealdanhealdan, to hold.]
beforehand, be-forTiand, adv. previously ; in anti beholden, be-hold'n, pa.p. or adj., held or bound ;
cipation ; by way of preparation. indebted ; obliged.
Befriend, btE-frend', v.t. to act as a friend to; to beholder, be-hOld'er, one beholding; a looker on.
favour '.Pr.p. befriending ; pa.p. bSfriend'cd. Behoove, Behove, bC-hoov', v.t. to be fit. right, or
[A.S. prefix be, and Friend.]
Beg, beg, v.t. orig. to carry a bag in which to put in need offor.
necessary [A.S. behofian, to bent, to stand
victuals or money received on asking ; to ask L. habeo, to: connected have,
with E. have, Ger. haben,
habilis, fit, suitable.]
earnestly ; to supplicate, to beseech ; to take for behoof, be-h5of'f n. necessity; advantage; benefit,
granted.v.i, to practise begging; to live by
asking alms '.pr.p. and n. Degg'ing ; pa.p. Being. See under Be. ,
begged'. [See Bag.] Belabour, bc-laliur, v.t. to ply vigorously ; to beat
beggar, beg'ar, . one who begs ; one who lives by soundly; to thump. [A.S. be, and Labour.]
fate, far ; mi, her ; mine ; mOte ; mute ; moon ; Men.
36
 Belay
Belay, be-UV, v.t. orig. to lie in waitfor, to lay on
or cover ; to block up ; to fasten a cable by laying
it round the bits:Pr.p. belay'ing; Pa.p. be
layed'. [A.S. be, and lay ; Dutch, beleggen, Ger.
bclagem, to lay around, beset.)
beleaguer, be-le'ger, v.t., to belay ; to lay siege to:
pr.p. bilea guering ; pa.p. bflea'guered.
Belch, belsh, v.t. or v.t. to eject wind from the
stomach ; to throw out violently :pr.p. and w.
belch'ing ; Pa.p. belched'.n. the act of belching.
[A.S. bealcan, an imitation of the sound.]
Beldam, bel'dam, n. ot\%.fairdame; an old woman ;
a hag. [Fr. belle, fair, dame, a woman.]
Beleaguer. See Belay.
Belfry, bcl'fri, n. orig. a watch-tower, a towerfor
defence; the part of a steeple or tower in which
bells are hung. [Fr. beffroi; old Fr. berfroi;
low Ger. bervrit, a tower for defence ; old Ger.
frid, a tower, and bergan, to protect.]
Belle, beVir*, v.t. to give the lie to; to speak falsely
of; to calumniate ; to counterfeit '.Pr.p. bely'-
ing ; pa.p. belied'. JA.S. be, and lie.]
Believe, be'-lev', v.t. lit. to give leave to; to give
approval or assent to ; to credit ; to trust in.
v.t. to be firmly persuaded of anything; to
exercise faith ; to think or suppose 'pr.p. b-
licv'ing; Pa.p. bfilieved'.adv. believ'ingly. [A.S.
gelyfan, to believe, lyfan, to give leave.]
belief, be-lfif . persuasion of the truth : assent
or consent ; credit; object or articles of belief;
faith ; religion.
believable, ba-leVa-bl, adj. , that may be believed.
believer, beMeVer, ., one who believes; a professor
of Christianity.
Bell, bel, n. a hollow vessel of metal which sends
out a ringing sound when struck ; anything bell-
shaped. [A.S. bellan, to resound, from the sound.]
Belladonna, bel-Ia-don'na, n. the plant Deadly Night
shade, the juice of which is used by ladies as
a cosmetic. [It. belladonna, fair lady.]
Belle, bel, . a fine or handsome woman ; a beauty.
[Fr.] See Beau.
Belles lettrea, beMet'tr, ., Pl.,fine learning; the
department of literature which embraces poetry
and rhetoric. [Fr. belle, fine, Uttres, learning
lettre, L. litera, a letter.]
Belligerent, bel-lij'er-ent, adj., carrying on war.
. a nation engaged in war. [L. belligero, to
carry on warbelfum, war, gcrc, to carry.]
Bellow, bellO, v.u, to low; to make a loud noise;
to resound ; to roar :Pr.p. bellowing ; Pa.p,
bellowed.. a roaring, [from root of BelL]
BeUowi, bellOz, ., sing, and Pi. that which is
blown out ; an instrument to Mow with. [A.S.
byligbalg, Gael, balg, L,.follis,a bag.] See Bag.
Belly, belli, n., anything that bulges out; the part
of the body between the breast and thighs.v.t.
to swell out ; to fill.v.t. to swell '.pr.p. bell'y-
ing ; Pa.p. bell'icd. [See BeUowi, Bag.]
Belong, bc-longV v.i. lit. to reach to; to be one's
property ; to pertain or relate to :pr.p. belong
ing ; Pa.p. belonged'. [Dutch, belangen, langenJ]
Beloved, bu-luvd', adj., much loved; very dear, [be,
intensive, and loved.] Sec Love.
Below, be"-l0', adv. in a lower place.Prep, beneath
in place or rank ; not worthy of. {be, and Low.]
Belt, belt, .F a girdle or band.v.t. to surround
with a belt ; to encircle '.pr.p. bclt'ing ; pa.p.
belt'ed. [A.S. belt; lcc.belti; L. balteus, a girdle.J
fete, far ; me", her ; mine ;
Bequeath
Bemoan, bC-mon', v.t., to mean at; to lament; to
express sorrow for ;pr.p. bemoan'ing ; pa.p. be
moaned', [be, intensive, and afoaa.]
Bench, bensh, . a long seat or form; a judge's
seat; the body or assembly of judges.v.t. to
place on or furnish with benches ;pr.p. bench'-
ing; Pa.p. benched'. [A.S. battc] See Bank.
bencher, bensh'er, u. a senior member of an inn of
court.
Bend, bend, v.t. to curve or make crooked ; to
incline ; to subdue.z'.i. to be crooked Or
curved ; to lean ; to yield :pr.p. bend'ing ; /./.
bent ; pa.p. bend'ed or bent.n. a curve or
crook. [A.S. bendan.] See Bind.
Beneath, b-ne"th', prep., nether, under, or lower in
place ; unbecoming.adv. below. [A.S. be, and
neothan, beneath.] See Nether.
Benedict, ben'e-dikt, n. a married man, or a man
newly married, [from Benedick, a character in
Shakspcarc's 'Much Ado about Nothing.']
Benediction,ben-i-dik'shun, -, aspeakingwe11of'; a
blessing. [L. benedictidbene, well, dico, to say.]
Benefaction, ben-S-fak'shun, n. the act of doinggood;
a good deed done or benefit conferred. [L. bene-
/actiobene, well,facio,factum, to do.]
benefactor, ben-i-fak'tor, tt., one who confers a
benefit.fern, benefac'treat.
benefice. ben'S-fis, . lit. a favour conferred; an
ecclesiastical living,
beneficence, bS-ncfi-scns, n., a doing good; active
goodness ; kindness ; charity,
beneficent, be-ncfi-sent, adj., doing good; kind ;
charitable.adv. beneficently,
beneficial, ben-5-fish'al, adj., conferring benefit;
useful ; advantageous.adv. benen'ciallj.
beneficiary, ben-e-nsh ar-i, ., one who holds a
benefice or receives a benefit.
benefit, ben'u-fit, n., agooddeed; a favour ; an advant
age.v.t. to do a kindness or a service to:
Pr.p. benefiting ; pa.p, bcn'Cfited.
Benevolence, bc'-nev'fl-lens, ., willingness to d*
good; charity; act of kindness. [L. benrvolentia
bene, well, volo, to be willing.]
benevolent, be-ncv'O-lcnt, adj. full of good-will,
charitable.adv. benevolently.
Benighted, bC-nTt/cd, adj., overtaken by night;
involved in darkness; ignorant [be, and Night.]
Benign, bi-nTn', adj., good by nature; kindly;
favourable.adv. benignly. [L. benignusbenns,
bonus, good, antigen, root ofgigno, to produce.]
benignant, be-nig'nant, adj. kind ; gracious ; favour
able : benign.adv. benlgnantly.
benignity, bS-nig^ni-ti, n. kindness; graciousness ;
goodness of disposition.
Benlaon, ben'i-zn, tt., blessing, benediction. [Fr.
benisson, old Fr. beneicon, L. benedictio. See
Benediction.] ,%
Bent, bent, , a coarse kind of grass whose roots
bind the soil on which it grows, [from Bind.]
Bentpa.t. and Pa.p. of Bend.
Benumb, be-num', v.t., to numb or make numb:
Pr.p. benumb'ing; pa.p. benumbed'. [SeeNumb.]
Benzoin, bcn-zO'in, Benjamin, ben'ja-min, n. a frag
rant, medicinal resin, obtained from the Styrax
benzoin, a tree of Sumatra.
Bequeath, b-kw5M', v.t. to tell one's will; to
direct the disposition of property after one's
death : to leave by will '.pr.p. bequeath'ing ;
pa.p. bfoucathcd'. [A.S. be, and cwathan, to
say, to tell.] See Quoth.
mote ; mute ; moUn ; then.
37
 bequest
, be-kwest', n., something bequeathed.
bc-reV, v.t to rob, deprive of, or make
destitute:Pr.p. bereaving; pad. and pa.p.
bereaved' or bCreft'. [A.S. be, and Reave.]
bereavement, be-reVment, . deprivation ; loss of a
friend by death,
bereft, be-refV, past participle of Bereave.
Ecrgamot. bc^ga-mot, n. a variety of pear; an oil
or perfume obtained* from it. [Fr. bergamotc,
It. bergantotfa, from Bergamo, a town in Italy.]
Berry, bcr'ri, n. lit. a small eatable fruit ; any small
fruit containing naked seeds or stones. [A.S.
brria ; Ger. been ; Goth, basja ; Sans. bhakshya,
{ooAbhaksh, to eat.)
Berth, berth, * birth; a ship's station at anchor;
a room or sleeping-place in a ship. [See Birth.]
Beryl, bcrll, k. a precious stone ofa greenish colour.
adj. Wyllina. [L. and Gr. beryllus.]
Beseech, b-s6ch'j v.t orig. to beseeh; to ask or
seek from ; to implore, entreat Pr.p. beseech'-
ing; P*d. and Pa.P. besought (beVsawt*).adv.
beseechingly. [A.S. be, and secan, to seek.]
Beseem, be-scW, m', vj. lit. to be seemly or fit for ; to
:come '.Pr.p. beseeming.adv. U-
befit or become
seem'lngly. [be, and Seem.]
Beset, be-set*, v.t., to set about; to surround
blockade; to waylay; to perplex. [A.S. be,settan,
to set.]
besetting, b5-setlng, adj. confirmed ; habitual.
Beside, bC-sTd', prep., by the side of; near ; over and
above ; out of. [be, and Side.] [addition to.
beside, bc-sTd', besides, be'-sldz', adv. moreover ; in
Besiege, b-sej', v.t. to lay siege to: to throng
round ; to press upon :pr.p. besieg'ing ; pa.p.
besieged', [be, and Siege.]
besieger, bfi-sej'er, . one employed in a siege.
Besom, be rum, n. an implement for sweeping, made
of twigs tied together. [A.S. besem, besm
besmas, twigs.]
Eesot, hc-sot/, v.t. to make sottish, stupid, dull, or
senseless '.Pr.p. besotting ; pa.p. besott'ed.
adv. beaott'edly. [be, and Sot.]
Besought, be-sawt/pad. and Pa.p. of Beseech.
Bespeak, b-spk', v.t., to speak for, or engage
beforehand ; to betoken. [A.S. be, and Speak.]
Beat. See under Better.
, b-sted', adj. situated. [A.S. be, and Stead.]
, &c See under Beast.
; b-stO', v.t, to stow, place, or Put by; to
give or confer; to apply:pr.p. bestowing;
Pa.p. bestowed'. [A.S. be, and stow, a place]
bestowal, M ttlfaJ, n., act ofbestowing.
bestower, bC-stO'cr, n., one who bestows.
Beetreddle, bS-strad'dl, v.t., to bestride. [A.S. be,
and Straddle.]
Bestride, bS-strTd', v.t., to stride over; to sit or
stand across '.pr.p. bestriding; pad. bestrid',
bestrode'; pa.p. bestrid', bestridden. [A.S. be,
and Btrlde. [Bet anti gtnd.]
Bestad, be-stud', v.t. to adorn with studs. [A.S.
Bet, bet, n., a pledge; a wager; that which is
pledged or staked.v.t to lay or stake a bet or
wager :/**./. betting; pa,p. bett'ed. [A.S.
bad, a pledge; Ger. wette; Scot, wad; L. vas,
vadis, surety.)bett'er, bett'ar, n., one who bets.
Betake, bc-tfk', v.t, to take to; to apply or have
recourse to; to resort '.pr.p. betaking; pad.
betook' ; pa.p. betaken. |A.S. be, and Take.]
Cite, far; me, her; mine;
Eewildcr
Bethink, be"-thingk', v.t., to think on or call to
mind ; to recollect ; to reflect.v.t. to c
pr.p. bethinking ; pa.t. and Pa.p. bethought
(be-thawf). [A.S. be, and Think.]
Betide, be-tTd', v.t, to happen to; to befall.v.t.
to come to pass or happen :Pr.p. betiding ;
pad. betid', betld'ed ; pa.p. betid'. [A.S. tc,
tidan, to happen.] Sec Tide.
Ectime, be-tim', Betimes, bc-tTmz', adv., by the
time; in good time ; seasonably. [A.S. be, Tims ]
Bctoseat bS-tflTcn, v.t, to shew by a token or sign .
to foreshew ; to signify :/r.A bftoTceniu- ;
pa.p. betoTccned. [A.S. be, and Token.]
Betook, be-took', past tense of Betake.
Betray, b-tri', v.t, to deliver up or disclose
traitorously, or in breach of trust; to entrap:
pr.p. betray'ing ; Pa.p. betrayed', [be, and Fr.
trahir, It. tradire, L. tradere, to deliver up.]
betrayal, bfi-tril'al, n., act ofbetraying.
betrayer, be-trii'er, n., on* who betrays ; a traitor.
Betroth, b-troth', v.t to pledge the troth or truth
to ; to contract or promise in order to marriage ;
to affiance :Pr.p. betrothing ; Pa.p. betrothed'.
[A.S. be, and Troth.]
betrothal, b-troth'al, betrothment, bS-troth'ment, n.
act of betrothing.
Better, bet'ter, adj. (comp. of good), having good
qualities in a greater degree than another ; pre
ferable ; improved.adv. (comp. of well), in
a higher degree, or more excellent
more ; rather.v.t. to make better ; to i
to benefit; to repair:pr.p. bettering; Pa.p.
bettered. [A.S. bet, betera, better, betrian, to
make better; Dutch, bat, better.]
best, best, adj. (superl. of good), good in the
highest sense ; first ; highest ; most excellent.
. one's utmost endeavour.adv. (superl. ot
well), in the highest degree ; in the best manner.
[A.S. betst, betest, from root of Better.]
b5-twn', Betwixt, h&-tvnkst',prcp. in the
of twain or two; in the middle or inter-
e space; from one to another; common to
two ; noting difference of one from the other.
[A.S. betweonan, betwynan ; betweox, betwuxt
be, and twegen, twa, two, twain.]
Bevel, hev'l. n., a slant or inclination of a surface,
greater than a right angle ; an instrument open
ing like a pair of compasses, for measuring
angles.adj. having the form of a bevel ; slant ;
oblique.v.t. to form with a bevel or slant.
v.i. to slant or incline off :pr.p. and adj.
beVelling; pa.p. bevelled. \Yx.beveau,buveau;
Ger. bugel, from bitgen, to bow, to bend.]
Beverage, beVer-Sj, n., drink; any agreeable liquor
for drinking-. [Fr. beverage; It. beveraggio
bevereL. bibere, to drink.] See Beer.
Bevy, bevl, n. a flock or brood of birds, especially
of quails ; an assembly (especially of' females).
[Fr. bevie; It. beva.]
Bewail, be-w5l', v.i. to utter the wail of distress ; to
express grief.v.t. to lament :pr.p. and n.
bewailing; pa.p. bewailed'. [A.S. be, and Wall.]
Beware, bC-waV, v.i. to be wary or cautious ; to
guard against : to be suspicious of danger ; to
take care. [A.S. bewarian, from be, and warian,
to be on one's guard, wtrr, wary, cautious.}
Bewilder, be-wil'der, v.t lit. to lead into a wilder
ness or maze : to perplex or lead astray '.p^r.p.
and adj. bewildering; Pa.p. bewii'dered. [Ger.
verwildem, from wild, wild.]
mote; mute; rauun ; Men.
 bewilderment
bewilderment, bS-wil'der-mcnt, n., state of being
bewildered.
Bewitch, bO-wich', v.t. to witch, fascinate, or
charm :pr.p. and adj. bfiwitchi'ing : Pa.p. be
witched'.adv. bewlteh'ingly. \b<, and Witch.]
bewitchery, bC-wich'tir-i, bewitchment, b<5-wich'ment,
n. power of bewitching ; fascination.
Bewray, be-rl', v.t. lit. to accuse; to point out ; to
betray :pr.p. be'wray'ing ; Pa.p, bSwrayed'.
fA.S. Be, and wrrgan, to accuse.]
Boy, Beg, bi, . a Turkish governor of a #town or
province. [Turk, beg, pronounced b&J]
Beyond, bS-yond', Prep, on the yonder or further
side of; farther onward than; out of reach;
remote from ; before ; above.adv. at a dis
tance ; yonder. [A.S. be-geond.]
Bezel, berl, r:. the part of a ring in which the
stone is set. [Sp. bisel; Fr. biscau, sloping
edge, oblique surface.]
Blangnlar, bl-ang'gu-lar, Biangulate, bT-ang/gu-liit,
adj., having two angles. [L. bi, bis, twice, and
angular.]
Bias, bTas, ft., orig. a weight on one side of
a bowl, making it slope, or turn to one side ;
a slant or leaning to one side ; a leaning of the
mind ; inclination ; anything that turns or inclines
a man.v.t. to cause to turn to one side ; to
prepossess or prejudice '.pr.p* brassing, bias
ing ; pa.p. brassed, brascd. [Fr. biais; It.
bieco, oblique, awry : prob. from bi/ajc, having
two facesbis, xw'vx.facics, the face.]
Bib, bib, n. a small piece of cloth put under the
chin of an infant, to prevent it drivelling over
its clothes. [Sp. baba, Fr. bave, spittlebaver,
to slaver or dnvel : also given from L. bibo, to
drink, because the bib drinks in the liquid
flowing from the mouth.]
Bibber, bib'ber, n.f a drinker. [L. biberr, to drink.]
bibulous, bit/u-lus, adj., drinking or sucking in ;
spongy. [L. bibulus, from bibcrt.]
Bible, bl'bl, ., tke book; the volume that contains
the Scriptures ofthe Old and New Testaments.
[Gr. billion, biblos, a bookbyblos, the inner
bark of the papyrus, of which paper was made.]
biblical, bib'li-kal, adj. of or relating to the Bible.
adv. WbUcaliy.
Bibliography, bib-li-og'ra-fi, n. the description,
knowledge, or history of books. [Gr. biblion,
and graphs, to describe.]adj. bibliograph ical.
bibliographer, bib-li-ogVa-fer, n. one skilled in bib
liography.
bibllolatry, bib-U-ol'a-tri, n, book-worship. [Gr.
biblion, and latreia, service.]
bibliology, bib-H-ol'o-ji, n., a treatise on books;
biblical literature or theology. [Gr. biblion, and
logos, a treatise.]<w#. Wbllolog'ical.
bibliomania, bib-li-cVma'ni-a, ., book-madness-; the
rage for possessing rare and curious books. [Gr.
biblion, and mania, madness*]
bibliomaniac, bib-U-o-ma'ni-ak, . one affected by
bibliomania.
bibliopole, bib'li-o-ptf, blbliopollit, bib-H-op'ol-ist, .,
a bookseller. [Gr. biblion, and polcJ, to sell.]
Bibulous. See under Bibber.
Bice, Bise, bis, apale blue or green paint. . [old
E. asure-bice, Fr. bes-axur, an inferior blue.]
Bicipital, bT-sip'i-tal, Blcipltous, bl-sip'i-tus, adj.
having two Heads or origins. [L. bis, twice, and
caput, the head.]
Bicker, bile'er, v.i. orig. to skirmish; to contend
fate, far ; mc, her ; mine ;
bilious
in petty altercation ; to quiver '.Pr.6. and n.
bick'ering ; Pa-P- bick'ered. [Scut, bicker: prob.
from root of Pick.]
Bid, bid, v.t., toask fororpray. [A.S. biddan, Goth.
bidjanA.S. bidan, Goth, beidan, to look for.}
Bid, bid, v.t., to offer; to propose ; to proclaim ; to*
invite ; to command :pr.p. bid'ding ; pa.t. bid
or bade (bad); pa.p. bid or bid'den. [A.S.
beodan, Goth. bjudan,Cvt. bitten, to offer.J
bid, bid, tt. an offer.
bidder, bid'der, ., one who bids or offers.
bidding, bkl'ding, n. offer ; invitation ; command.
Bide, bid, v.t. or 1. same as Abide.
BldentaJ, bl-dent/al, adj. having two teeth. [L. bi,
bis, twice, and dens, dentis, a tooth. ]
Biennial, bT-en'y.-iI, adj. lasting two years; hap
pening once m two years.adv. Menn'laUy. [L.
bifnnu, from bi, bis, twice, and annus, a year, j
Bier, ber, n. a carriage or frame of wood for bear
ing the dead to the grave. [Fr. bar, or biere;
A.S. bar: prob. from the root of Bear.]
BIeatings, bst*mgs, n. the first milk given by a
cow after calving. [A.S. bysting, byst, beast.}
Bifurcate, bl-furTcat, Bifurcated, bT-furTtat-ed, adj.,
two-forked; having two prongs or branches.
[L. oi/urcus, from bi, bis, twice,jurea, a fork.]
bifurcation, bl-fur-kii'shun, n., aforking or division
into two branches.
Big, big, adj., swelled out or bulky; large or
great ; pregnant : great in air, mien, or spirit.
adv. fcdgTy.n. blg'nen. [Dan. bug, belly, bulge ;
W. bog. Ice. bolga, a swelling.] See Bilge, Bulge.
Bigamy, big'a-mi, n., a double-marriage ; the crime
of having two wives or husbands at a time.
[L. bi, or bis, twice, and Gr. games, marriage.]
bigamist, big'a-mist, tt. one who has committed
bigamy.
Biggin, big'gin, n. a child's cap ; a can or small
wooden vessel. [Fr. brguin, from the cap worn
by the Beguines, a religious society of women.]
Bight, bit, . a bend of the shore, or small bay ;
the bend or coil of a rope. [Dutch, bogt. Ice.
bugtbuga, AS. bugan, Ger. biegen, to bend.]
Bigot, big'ot, n. one obstinately and blindly devoted
to a particular creed or party, [variously de
rived from Beguite, a member of a Flemish reli
gious order ; Visigoth, a western Goth ; and Sp.
bigote, a moustache.]
bigoted, big/ot-ed, adj. having the qualities of a
bigotadv. bb/otedly.
bigotry, big/ot-ri, n. blind real.
Bijou, bfi-zhOT/, n. a trinket : a jewel ; a little box.
fl. Bijoux, be-zhoU'. [Fr.]
bljoutry, bijouterie, bc-zhOoVri, n. jewellery.
Bilateral, bl-lat/er-al, adj., having two sides. [L.
bi, bis, twice, and latus, laiens, a side.]
Bilberry, bil'ber-ri, n. a shrub and its berries, which
are dark blue; whortleberry. [Scot, blaeberry;
Dan. blaa, A.S. bleo, blue, and Berry.]
Bilboes, btVbOz, 11.pl. on board ship, long bars of
iron with shackles attached, to confine prisoners
or offenders, [because made at Bilboa in Spain :
or from Dutch, boeye, a shackle ; old Fr. buie,
fetters ; L. boja, a halter.]
Bile, bTl, n. a thick, yellow, bitter liquid, separated
from the blood in the liver ; gall ; ng. ill-humour.
[L. bilis; allied tofel,fcllis, the gall-bladder.]
biliary, bil'yar-i, adj. belonging to or conveying bile.
billons, bil'yus, adj. pertaining to or affected by bile.
mote ; mute ; mOOn ; then.
?,)
 Bilge Bite
Bilge, bilj, tt. the bulging part of a cask ; the Blp&rouf, bip'ar-us, adj., bringing forth two at a
breadth of a ship's bottom.v.i. to suffer frac birth. [L. bis, twice, pario, to bring forth.]
ture in the bilge or bottom ; to spring a leak : Bipartite, bip'ar-tlt, or bT-paytlt, adj., divided into
pa.p. and adj. bilged', [same as Bulge.] two like Parts. [L. bis, twice, and partitas
Bill, bil, n. a hatchet with a hooked point: an axe. Partio, to divide.]
[Ger. beil, A.S. bil, W. bwyell, an axe.] Biped, brped, . an animal with two feet.adj.
BUI, bil, n. the beak of a bird : anything like a bipedal, bip'e-dal, or bT-p5'daI. [L. bipes, two-
bird's beak.v.i. to join bills as doves ; to footedbis, twice, pes, pedis, the foot]
caress fondly :pr.p. billing ; Pa.p. billed'. [A.S. Blpennate, bl-pen'nat. Bipennated, bl-pen'nat-ed,
bile, prob. connected with the preceding.] adj., having two wings. [L. bis, penna, a wing.]
BUI, bil, n. lit a sealed paper ; an account of Elquadrate, bl-kwod'rat, . aquantity twice squared
money ; a written declaration ; a draft of a pro or raised to thefourth power.adj. biquadratic
posed law ; a printed advertisement, [low L. [L. bis, twice, quadratus, squared.]
bulla, a seal.] See Bull. Birch, berch, . a hardy and beautiful forest-tree
billet, billet, n., a little bill; a small paper in abounding in the north of Europe and Asia with
writing ; a note ; a ticket assigning quarters to white, smooth bark; a rodof birch. [A.S. birce,
soldiers. to ouarter as soldiers.v.i. to be Sw. bjork, Sans, bhurja.)
quartered '.pr.p. billeting; pa.p. billeted.
billet-doux, bil-lc-aCO', a sivect note; a love- Bird, berd, . one of aberch'en,
birch, berch, birchen, adj. made of birch.
brood; a general name for
letter. [Fr. billet, a letter, doux, sweet.] feathered animals.v.i. to catch birds. [A.S.
BiUet, billet, n. a small log of wood used as fuel. brid, the young of any bird or animal, a brood ;
[Fr. billot, prob. from Bole, the trunk of a tree.] Ger. brut, a brood.] See Breed, Brood.
Billiard*, bil'yardz, n. a game played with a cue or birdlime, berdllm, n. a sticky substance used to
mace and three balls on a table having pockets at catch birds.
the sides and corners. [Fr. billardMlle, a ball.] blrd'i-eye, berdz*!, adj. seen from above as if by
Billion, bil'yun, n. a million of millions (1,000,000, the eye ofa flying bird.. a kind of tobacco.
000,000}. [L. bis, twice, and million.] Birth, berth, n. the act of bearing or bringing
Billow, bil'lO, . a great wave of the sea swelled by forth, or of being born ; the offspring born ;
a storm.v.i. to roll in large waves \pr.p. bil dignity of family; origin. [A.S. beorth, a birth
lowing ; Pa.p. billowed. [Sw. bdlja, Dan. bulge, beran, to bear or bring forth.] See Bear.
a wave ; A.S. and old Ger. belgan, to swell, to birthright, berth'rlt, . the right or privilege to
rage.] See Big, Bilge, Bulge, which one is entitled by birth.
billowy, billO-i, adj. swelling into billows. Biscuit, bisltit, n. lit. bread twice cooked or baked
Blmanoua, bT-m5'nus, adj., having two hands. [L. (so prepared by the Roman soldiers) ; hard dry
bis, twice, tnanus, a hand.] bread in cakes; a kind of unglazed earthen
Blmensal, b7-men'sal, adj. occurring once in two coqiw, ware. [Fr. ;L. bis, twice, Fr. cuit, baked ; L.
months. [L. bis, twice, mensis, a month.] cactus, to cook or bake.]
Bin, bin, . lit a heap; a chest or other place for Bisect, bl-sekt'j v.i. to cut into two equal parts :
storing corn, wine, &c. [A.S. bin, a manger; Pr.p. bisecting; Pa.p. bisected. [L. bis, twice,
Sw. binge, Scot, bingt a heap.] seco, sectus, to cut]
Binary, bl'nar-i, adj. composed of two; twofold. bisection, parts.
bl-sek'shun, n. division into two equal
[L. bint, two for eachbis, twice.]
Mute, bl'nat, adj. growing in pairs ; double. Bishop, bish'op, . lit. an overseer; one of the
Bind, bind, v. t. lit. to make a bunch of a thing ; to higher clergy who has charge of a diocese. [A.S.
bisceop ; L. episcopus; Gr. episkoposepi, upon,
tie or fasten together with a band; to sew a skoped, to view, to inspect]
border on ; to oblige ; to make hard.v.i. to con bishopric, bish'op-rik, n. the office and jurisdiction
tract ; to be obligatory \-pr.6. binding; pa.t. of a bishop; a diocese. [Bishop, and A.S. ric,
and Pa.p. bound. [AS. and Goth, bindan, con dominion.]
nected with Bunch, Bundle, and Bend.]
binding, binding, adj. restraining ; obligatory.. Bismuth, bi/muth, n. a brittle metal of a reddtsh-
anything that binds; the covering ofa book. whtte colour, used in the arts and in medicine.
bmder,bTnd/er,.,tf*/^Ai>wr,esp.books,shcaves. [Ger. wissmuthweiss, white, muth, liveliness.]
bindweed, blnd'wgd, n. the convolvulus, a genus of Bison, bT'son, n. a wild animallike the bull, but dis
plants so called from their bending or twining. tinguished by its size, the hump on its shoulders,
Binnacle, bin'a-kl, . the wooden box in which, on and the depth and shagginess of its hair. [Gr.
ship-board, the compass is kept, [formerly bit- bisdn, said to be from BisIonia, in Thrace.]
tacleFr. habttacle, a dwelling-place.] Bissextile, bis-sex'til, . lit. twice sixth; leap-year.
Binocular, bl-nok'u-lar, adj., having two eyes; suit [L. bis, twice, sexius, sixth, so called because
able for two eyes. [L. bini, two, oculus, an eye.] in every fourth or leap year the sixth day before
Binomial, bl-nO'mi-al, adj. and n. in Algebra, a reckoned the calends of March, or the 24th February, was
quantity consisting of two terms or parts. [L. Bistre, bis'ter,twice.}
bis, twice, nomen, a name, a term.] n. a brown colour made from the
Biography, bT-og'ra-fi, n. a written account or his soot of wood. [Fr.bis, brown.]
tory ofa life ; the art of writing such accounts. Btsulconi, bl-sullcus, adj., Hvo-furrowed ; cloven-
adj. biograph ical.adv. blograph'ically. [Gr. footed. [L. bis, twice, sulcus, a furrow.]
btos, life, graphs, to write.] Bite, bit, v.t. to tear, or seize with the teeth ; to sting
biographer, bl-ogra-fcr, n. one whowritesbiography. or pain; to wound by reproach:/r./. biting ;
Biology, bl-ol'o-ji, a disconrseon life; the science pa.t. bit; pa.p. bit or bitt'en.adv. bit'lngly
of life. [Gr. bios, life, logos, a discourse.] (bTtM. [A.S. bitan; Goth, beitan; Ice. bita.\
fite, fSr ; me", her ; mine ; mOte ; mute ; mOOn ; Men.
 bite
bite, bit, n. a grasp by the teeth ; something bitten
off; a mouthful.n. biter, bTt'er.
bit, bit, n., a bitei a small piece; the smallest
degree : that which bites ; a small tool forboring ;
the part of the bridle which the horse bites or
holds in his mouth.v.t. to put the bit in the
mouth ;pr.p. bitting ; Pa.p. bitted.
Bitch, bich, n. the female of the dog, wolf, and fox.
[A.S. bicce ; Ice. bikkia.\
Bitter, bit'ter, adj., biting to the taste; sharp;
painful.adj. bitterish, somewhat bitter.adv.
bit'terly. [A.S. biterbitan, to bite.)
bitterness, bit'ter-nes, n. quality of being bitter;
hatred ; sorrow,
bitten, bit'terr, tt.pl. a liquor prepared from bitter
herbs or roots, and used as a stomachic.
Bittern, bit'tern, n. a bird of the heron family, said
to have received its name from the resemblance
of its voice to the lowing of a bull, [old E.
bittoury Fr. butor, low L. botaurusbo, imitative
of the sound, taurus, a bull, a bittern.]
Bitumen, bi-tu'mcn, n. a name applied to various
inflammable mineral substances, as naphtha,
petroleum, asphaltum.adj. bituminous. [L.J
bitumlnate, bi-tQ min-at, Utumenlse, H-tQ'min-Tz, v.t.
to mix with, or make into, bitumen :Pr.p. bitG'-
minAting, bitu'menlsing; Pa.p. bitu'minuted, bi-
tu'minlsed.
Bivalve, bfvalv, . an animal having a shell in two
7'ah'es or parts like the oyster; a seed-vessel of
like kind.adj. biTalv'ular. [L. bit, twice, valva,
a valve.]adj., having two valves.
Bivouac. bivVak, n. the lying out all night of an
army in the open air on guard.v.t. to pass the
night on guard in the open air \prj>. biv
ouacking ; Pa.p. biv'ouacked. [Fr.Gcr. bei-
wachen, to watch beside.]
Bizarre, bi-zar/, adj. odd ; fantastical ; extravagant.
[Fr.L. bis, twice, varius, different.]
Blab, blab, v.t., to babble; to talk much; to tell
tales.v.t. to tell what ought to be kept secret :
Pr.p. blab'bing ; Pa.p. blabbed'. [Dan. blab-
bre, old E. blabber, from the sound.]
Black, blak, adj. orig. bleak, pale ; of the darkest
colour ; without colour ; clouded ; dismal ; hor
rible. [A.S. blac]adj. blackish, somewhat
black.adv. blackly.n. black'neai.
black, blak, n. the darkest of colours or the absence
black,colour;
of a negro, blak'n, v.t. to make black.
blak, blacken,
v.i.togrowblack :pr.p. black'ing, blackening ;
pa.p. blacked', black'ened.a black Moor; a negro,
blackamoor, blak'a-mdir,
black-ball, blak'bawl, v. t. to reject in voting by put
ting a black ball into the ballot-box :~pr.p.
black-balling; pa.p. blackballed,
black-berry, blakoer-ri, n. the fruit of the bramble,
black-bird, blak'berd, . a species of thrush of a
black colour,
black-cock, blaklcok, n. a black species of grouse,
blackfrlar, blak'frl-ar, n. a friar of the Dominican
order, so called from his black garments,
blackboard, blag'gard, n. orig. applied to the lowest
menials about a court, who attended to the pots,
coals, &c. ; a low, vile fellow.adj. low ; scur
rilous.v.t. to revile.n, blackguardism,
blacking, blaklng, n. a substance used for blacking
1 leather, &c n. a mineral ofa blackcolourused
blaek-lead,blakTed?
in making pencils, and for blacking grates, &c.
fate, far ; mC, her ; mine ;
Blast
black-letter, blaklct-ter, n. the old English oi
modern Gothic letter lilacfc-lctter. I
black-mail, blak'mal, . money formerly paid to rob
bers for protection.
Black-rod, blak'rod, n. the usher of the order of the
Garter and of Parliament, so called from the
black rod which he carries.
blacksmith, blak'smith, n. a smith who works in
iron, as opposed to one who works in tin.
blackthorn, blak'thom, . a species of dark-coloured
thorn ; the sloe.
Bladder, blad'er, w. that which is blown out; a
thin bag distended with liquid or air ; the recep
tacle for the urine: a blister. [A.S. blarddre ;
Ice. bladra, a bubble ; Gcr. blascn, to blow.]
bladdered, blad erd, bladdery, blad'er-i, swelled
like a bladder.
Blade, blad, n. anything thin and flat ; a leaf of
grass ; the sharp part of a sword, &c. ; the broad
bone of the shoulder ; the flat part of an oar.
v.t. to provide with a blade '.pr.p. blading;
pa.p. blid'ed. [A.S. bleed, Ice. blad, Gcr.
blait, conn, with Qt.phyllon, L.folium, a leaf.]
Blain, blan, ft. a boil or blister. [A.S. bla:gen.)
Blaine, blSm, v.t. to speak so as to hurl or damage
one ; to find fauft with ; to censure :Pr.p.
blSm'ing ; Pa.p. blamed7.. imputation of a
fault ; fault ; crime ; censure. [Fr. blasmer; Gr.
blasphemedblaptd, to hurt, p/teini, to speak.]
blamable, blam'a-bl, adj., deserving of blame;
faulty.adv. blam'ably.n. blam'ableness.
blameless, bliimles, adj. , without blame ; guiltless ;
innocent.adv. blamelessly.. blamelessness.
Blanch. Sec under Blank.
Bland, bland, adj. , smooth; gentle; mild.adv.
blandly., bland'neai. [L. blandus.\
blandish, bland'ish, v.t., to bland to ; to flatter ;
to smooth ; to fondle :pr.p. and n. blandishing ;
Pa.p. blandished.
blandishment, blandlsh-ment, n. , actofblandishing;
flattery ; winning expressions or actions.
Blank, blangk, adj., white; pale from fear, &c. :
confused ; void of writing or marks ; empty : in
Poetry, not having rhyme.adv. blankly. .
blank'neei.n. a white paper, or paper without
writing ; a ticket having no mark, and therefore
valueless: nn empty space. [Fr. blanc; Sw.,
Dan., and Gcr. Manicblinken, to shine.]
blanch, blansh, v.t. to take the colour out of and
make blank or white.v.i., to grow white;
Pr.p. blanch'ing : Pa.p. and adj. blanched'.
[Fr. blatichirblanc, white.]
blanket, blangk'et, n. a white woollen cloth, gene-
rally used as a covering for beds ; a covering for
horses, &c.v.t. to cover with or toss in a
blanket :Pr.p. blanketing ; Pa.p. blank'eted.
blanketing, blangk'et-ing, ft. a tossing in a blanket ;
stuff for making blankets.
Blaspheme, blas-ftm', v.t., to speak impiously of
God.v.i. to utter blasphemy: to curse or
swear;Pr.p. blaspheming; Pa.p. blasphimed'.
[Gr. blasphemes.} See Blame.
blasphemer, blas-fem'er, ., one who blasphemes:
in Prayer-Book, a railler, a false accuser.
blasphemous, blas'fg-mus, adj. containing blas
phemy ; impious.adv. blasphemously.
blasphemy, blas'fE-mi, . profane speaking: con
tempt or indignity offered to God.
Blast, blast, ablowing orgust ofwind; a forcible
stream of air ; sound of a wind instrument ; an
explosion ofgunpowder ; any pernicious influence.
mOte ; miite ; mCDn ; /Acn.
 Blaze bloodstone
v.t. to strike with some pernicious influence without judgment; _
to affect with sudden violence or calamity
to blight or destroy ; to split by gunpowder _ v.t. to make blind; to darken; to obscure; to
pr.p. and n. blasting; pa.p. blas't'ed. [A.S. bllnd'cd.n. somethingbllnd'ing;
deceive:Pr.p. or adj. pa.p. or adj.
to obscure the light, or
blast, from blcesan, Ger. blasen, to blow.] mislead the eye or understanding ; a screen or
Blue, blaz, ., a flamex stream of light and heat shade. [A.S. from the root of Bunk.]
from a burning body; a white mark on the blindfold, bhnd'fold, adj. having something folded
face of an animal or on a tree.v.i. to flame or over the eyes so as to blend them ; thougndess ;
emit a bright and expanded light ; to be con reckless.v.t. to cover the eyes; to mislead or
spicuous.v.t. to publish widely ; to set a white deceive :pr.p. bllnd'fOlding ; Pa.p. blindfolded.
mark on a tree '.Pr.p. or adj. blading ; Pa.p.
blazed'. [A. S. bias*, b/ysa, a torch, from Blink, blingk, v.i., to glance, twinkle, or wink; to
see obscurely or with the eyes half closed.v.t.
bleesan, to blow.]
blanm, bla'zn, v.t. to blaze abroad ; to publish and adj.outblink'ing
to shut of sight ; to avoid or evade :pr.p.
widely ; to describe in proper heraldic terms the glance, or wink. ;(A.S. pa.p. blinked'.n. a glimpse,
figures, &c, on armorial ensigns; to display; Tlickcn, to shine, blinken,blican, to glitter; Ger.
to twinkle. ]
to embellish :pr.p. and *. blaVoning ; blinkard, blingk'ard, ., one who blinks or has bad
UaVonedn. the act or art of heraldry ; publi eyes.
cation ; pompous display. [Fr. blasonnerJ\ Bliss, blis, n. the highest happiness. [A.S. bles
it, bls'zn-er, ., one ivho blazons ; a herald. blithsian, blissian, to rejoiceblithe, joyful.]
7. bla'zn-ri, n., art ofblazoning. blissful, blis'fool, adj.,fullofbliss,adv. blisa'fully.
, blCch, v.t. to make Pale or white.v.t. to
grow white: bleaching; pa.p. and adj.
bleached'. [A.S. bla>canb/a-c, palv.) Sec Black, skin', containingblis'tcr, m, a thin bubble or bladder on the
bleacher, blCcb/er, one who bleaches, or that blisters.v.i. towatery matter ; that which raises
rise in blisters.v.t. to raise
which bleaches, blisters 'pr.p. buVtering ; pa.p. blis'tered. [A.S.
bleachary, blech'cr-t, v.. a place for bleaching, blaesan, to blow : hence Bladder, Blast, 1
bleaching, blgchlng, *. the process of whitening or bllstery, blis'ter-i, adj.,full ofblisters.
decolorising cloth.
Bleak, blek, adj., pale or livid'; open orunsheltered; Blithe, bllM, adj., joyous; merry; gay; sprightly.
cold or cheerless.adv. bleakly.. bleakness adv. ful. ] See btttha'ly.n.
Bliss. blithe ness. [A.S. blithe, Jjoy1
[A.S. bloc, blaec, pale.] See Black, blithesome, bli/A'sum, adj. blithe.adv. blithV-
bleak, blek, . a small white river-fish. omely.n. blithe'somenesa.
Blear, bier, adj. {as in Blear-eyed, bleVld), sore or Bloat, blot, v.t. lit. to swell by soaking in water;
inflamed as if from long weeping, [low Dutch, to fujfout; to dry by smoke (applied to fish).
blarren, to cry or weep.] to swell or dilate :pr.p. bloating ; Pa.p.
Bleat, blt, v.i., to cry as a sheep.n. the cry of uiuat'ed.. bloat'edneai. [Sw. biota, to soak,
a sheep :pr.p. and . bleat'ing ; Pa.p. bleared. to steepbldd, soft.]
[A.S. blatan, formed from the sound.] bloater, blQt'er, n. a dried herring.
Bleed, bled, v.t. to lose blood; to die by slaughter ; Block, blok, an unshaded mass of wood, stone,
to issue forth or drop as blood.v.t. to draw &c. ; the wood on which criminals are beheaded ;
blood :pr.p.t adj., and n. bleeding ; Pa.p. bled. a pulley, or its framework; apiece of wood on
[A.S. bledan.} See Blood. which something is formed ; a row of houses ; an
, blemish, ft. lit. a blue or livid spot . obstruction; a blockhead.v.t. to enclose or
mark of deformity ; taint.v.t. to mark with a shut up; to obstruct; to shape. [Fr. bloc; old
Ger. block; Gael, bloc, round.]
blemish ; to tarnish ; to defame" :pr.p. blemish- ockads, blok-ad', n., the blocking up ofa place by
ing: ta t* Dlem/uined* ied. -[Fr. blime> paleIce, surrounding it with troops or ships.v. t. to block
bl&mt, blue colourblA, blue.]
31end, blend, v.t., to mingle together; to confound. blockad'ed. or ships '.pr.p. blockading ; Pa.p.
up by troops
v.i. to be mixed :Pr.p. and n. blend'ing ; blockhead, blok'hed, n. one with a head like a block;
Pa.p. blended. [A.S. blendan; Ice. blanda.) a stupid fellow,
3bm, bles, v.t. lit. to consecrate ; to make joyous, block-honae,
r or prosperous ; to wish happiness to ; to chiefly ofblok'-hous, limber.
n. a house or fort constructed
5 a blessing on ; to praise or glorify : block-tin, blok'-tin, n. pure tin as cast in blocks.
pr.p. blessing ; pa.p. blessed*or blest. [A.S.blet~ Blonde, blond, . a person offair complexion with
' it, to consecrateblotan, to kill for sacrifice.] light hair and blue eyes.Bidnd-lace, . lace
bles'ed , adj. happy ; prosperous ; liappy made of silk, so called from its colour. [Fr.]
n ; holy.adv. bletVadJy.
;, bles'ed-ncs, n. state of being blessed ; blud, n. theglowingred fluid in the veins and
s ; happiness, arteries of men and animals; kindred; descent;
blessln&bleslng, . a wish or prayer for happiness temperament ; bloodshed or murder ; the juice ot
or success ; any means or cause of happiness, anything.v.t. to stain with blood. [A.S. blod;
bleat, blest, past participle of Bless. Dutch, bleed; Ger. blut, from blUhen, to glow.]
Blew, blSodid blowpast tense ofBlow. blood-hound, blud'-hound, n. a hound or dog having
BUght, bllt, m., that which bleaches or rendersPale; wounded an acute sense of smell, employed to track a
that which nips, blasts, or withers up ; mildew. of criminals. animal, and sometimes in the pursuit
v.t. to affect with bUght ; to blast ; to frustrate : bloodshed,
pr.p. or adj. bllght'ing ; Pa.p. or adj. bllght'ed, slaughter; murder, the shedding of blood;
blud'shed,
[A.S. bltrcan, to ble^cn--bla?c, pale, livid.] bloodstone, blud'ston, n. heliotrope, a stone of a
blind, adj. wanting sight ; dark ; obscure ; green colour with red spots like blood.
fate, far; m5, her; mine; mote; mute ; moon; Men.
 bloody-
bloody, bludl, adj. stained with blood ; cruel ; mur
derous.adv. blood ily.n. bloodiness.
Bloom, blTOm, v.i. lit to skint, to exhibit bright
colours; to blowor put forth blossomsor flowers ;
to be io a state of youth :pr.p. and adj.
blCDmlng ; Pa.p. blCOmed'.n. a blossom ; the
opening of flowers; the prime of life; the flush
on the cheek. [Dutch, bloem, Ger. blume, a
flowerGer. bl&hen, to shine, to blossom.]
blossom, blos'som, a blowing or bloom; the cor
olla or flower of a plant.v.i. to put forth
flowers ; to flourish or prosper :pr.p. blos'som-
ing ; pa.p. blos'somed. [A.S. blosm, from root
of Bloom.]
Blot, blot, n. a spot or stain ; an obliteration ; a
blemish.v. t. to spot or stain ; to disgrace ; to ob
literate ; to destroy :Pr.p. blot'ting ; pa.p. blot
ted, [imitative ofthe sound ofa drop falling on the
ground. Finn.plaiti; prov. Dan.blat ; Dan./&/.]
blotch, bloch, n. a spot or blot on the skin ; a pus
tule. [A.S. blaco, bhrcthe, from Blot.J
Clause, blouz, k. a loose outer garment. [Fr.]
Blow, blC, a stroke; a knock ; a sudden misfor
tune or bereavement. [Goth, bliggwan, old
Ger. blinwan, to strike : or Dutch, blaeuwen, to
strike-blaeuw, blue, livid, the colour of the
mark produced by a blow. J
Blow, blO, v.i., to shine, to shew bright colours;
to come into or put forth flowers; to bloom or
blossom :-pr.p. blowing; pa.p. blown. [A.S.
blowian, Ger. bl#hen.\ See Bloom, bloMom.
Blow, bla, v.i., to breathe; to produce a draught
of air; to breathe hard or quickly.v.t. to throw
air upon ; to drive by wind ; to produce sound
from wind-instruments \pr.p. blowing; pa.t.
f blew (blOT) : Pa.p. blown. [A.S. blawan; Ger.
blahen, blasen; L. Jlo,JIart.]
t/.ow-pipf, bls'plp, an instrument for blowing
air against the flame of a lamp or candle.
Blabber, blut/ber, n. a bubble; the fat of whales
and other large sea-animals, [an imitation of
the noise made by a mixture of air and water
shaken together.]
blubber, blur/ber, v.i. to weep noisily or to dis
figure the face with weeping '.pr.p. blubTjering ;
pa.p. blub'bered.
Bludgeon, blud^un, , a short stick having one end
heavier than the other, used to strike with. [Goth.
bliggvan, to strike.]
Bint, blCO, n. the colour of the sky when unclouded ;
one of the seven primary colours.adj. of the
colour blue.. blne'ness. [A.S. bleo; old Ger.
blao, blaw; Fr. bleu.]
bluish, blGo'tsh, adj. slighdy blue.//. blu'lshnesa.
bluebell, bloTJ'bel, n. a plant that bears blue bell-
shaped flowers,
blue-bottle. blotfbot-l, n. a plant with blue bottle-
shaped flowers that grows among corn ; a large
blue fly.
blue-ttockffig, bloTl'stok-ing, n. a literary lady ; orig.
applied in Dr Johnson s time, to meetings held
by ladies for conversation with literary men, one
of whom always wore blue stockings.
Bluff, bluf, adj. big; surly; blustering.n. bluff"-
neM. [Dutch, bla/, prob. imitative of a plump,
sudden soundhence meaning abrupt.]
bluff, bluf, n. a high steep bank projecting into the
E sea orbluf'i,
bluffy, into aadj.
river.adj. steep like a bluff.
having bluffs.
Blonder, blun'der, v.t. to mix up together or con-
fate, far ; n .<:-, her ; mine ;
Bob
fuse.*./, to make a gross mistake '.pr.p.
blun'dcring ; pa.p. blun'dered. [perhaps con
nected with BlendA.S. blendan, to mix.]
Blunderbuss, blun'der-bus, n. a short hand-gun with a
wide bore, [a corr. ofDutchdonderbus, Ger. don-
nerbucksedonner, thunder, bus, buchse, a gun.]
Blunt, blunt, adj. dull on the edge or point ; Jig.
rough, outspoken, dull.v.t. to dull the edge or
point ; to make dull ; to weaken '.Pr.p. bhinr'-
mg ; Pa^p. blunt'ed.adv. bluntly.. blumV-
ness. [Ger. plump, awkward, coarse.]
Blur, blur, *. a blot, stain, spot.v.t. to blot, stain,
obscure, blemish:Pr.p. blurring;pa.p. blurred',
[prob. from root of Bladder.]
Blurt, blurt, v.t. to utter suddenly or unadvisedly :
pr.p. blurt/ing ; pa.p. blurted. [Scot, blutter.]
Blush, blush, ., the colour of/lowers in blossom;
a red glow on the face caused by shame, modesty,
&c : any reddish colour; sudden appearance.
v.i. to glow with the colour of blown flowers ; to
grow red '.pr.p. blushing ; Pa.p. blushed'.
adv. hluah'ingly. [A.S. ablisian ; Dutch, blosen,
to blushbio, a blush, from root of Bloom, Blow.}
Bluster, blus'ter, v.i. to make a noise like a blast
of wind ; to roar, bully, or swagger I Pr.p.
blustering ; Pa.p. blus'tered.J*., a blast or
roaring as of the wind ; bullying or boasting
language, [an augmentative of Blast. ]
Bo, bO, int. a word used to frighten children.
Boa, bS'a, n. a genus of serpents which includes the
largest species ofserpent, called Boa constrictor;
a long serpent-like piece of fur worn round the
neck by ladies. [L. contr. of bova, from bos,
bovis, an oxperhaps from their size.]
Boar, bOr, n. the male of swine. [A.S. bar.]
Board, bord, n. a broad and thin strip of timber ; a
table to put food on ; food ; persons seated around
a table ; a council; the deck of a ship.v.t. to
cover with boards ; to supply with food ; to enter
a ship; to attack.v.i. to receive food or take
meals :pr.p. boarding ; Pa.p. board'ed. [A. S.
bord, a boardbrad, broad.]
boarder, bOrd'er, n. one who receives board; one
who boards a ship.
boarding, bOrd'ing, n. act of covering with boards ;
the covering itself; food; act of boarding a ship.
Boast, bost, v.i. lit. to blow, to swell the cheeks;
to puff one's self up ; to talk vaingloriously ; to
brag :fr.p. boasting ; Pa.p. boasted.n. an
expression of pride or anger ; a brag ; the cause
of boasting, [old E. and low Ger. bost; Ger.
bausen, Pausten ; Ger. brusten, to brag.]
boaster, bosr/er, n. one who is in the habit of
boasting.
boastful, bOst'fool, adj. given to boasting.adv.
boastfully.n. boast fulness.
boastlngly, bOst'ing-li, adv. in a boastful manner.
Boat, bot, tt. a small open vessel moved by oars ;
a small ship.v.i. to go in a boat.v.t. to
carry by boat:Pr.p. boating ; Pa.p. boar/ed.
[A.S. bat; Dutch, boot; W. bad; Ga.el.Azto.}
boating, boting, n. the art or practice of sailing in
boats; yachting.
Boatswain, boYswan, (colloquially) bO'sn, n. a boat-
servant; a petty officer on board ship who looks
after the boats, sails, rigging, &c., and calls the
seamen to duty. [A.S. bUtswanbat, a boat,
swan, a swain, a servant.]
Bob, bob, v.i. to move quickly up and down or
backwards and forwards, to dangle ; to fish
mate ; mute ; mOOn ; Men.
43
 Bobbin
with a bob.v.t. to move in a short jerking
maimer ; to beat ; to cheat ; to mock :pr.p.
bobb'ing ; /a./, bobbed'.. a short jerking
motion; a slight blow; any thing that moves
with a bob or swing. [Gael, babag, baban, a
tassel ; Ice. bcbbi, a knot, cockle-shell.]
Bobbin, bobln, n. a small piece of wood on which
thread is wound ; round tape. [Fr. bobine, from
Gael, baban, a tassel : also given from L. bom~
bits, a humming, from its sound.]
Code, bOd, v.t. to portend orprophesy good or evil.
v.t. to be an omen, of good or evil ; to fore-
shew :Pr.p. bOd'ing ; a.p. bOd'ed.n. an omen
or portent. [A.S. bodtan, to tellbod, gebod, a
command : allied to Bid.]
Bodice, bod'is, n. a woman's stays, formerly called
bodies because they were made to fit close to
the body. [See Body.]
Eodkln, bodTcin, orig. a small dagger ; an instru
ment for piercing holes or for dressing the
hair ; a large, blunt needle, [from root of Butt,
to push, and dim. kin.']
Body, bodl, n. the trunk or frame of an animal,
tree, &c, as distinguished from the limbs ; the
whole frame of a man or lower animal ; sub
stance ; a person ; a mass ; a number of persons
or things.v.t. to give form to; to embody:
Pr.p. bod'ying ; pa.p. bodied. [A.S. bodig,
Gael, bodhag, from root bot, a lump.)
body-politic, bod'i-pol'i-tik, n. the collective body
of a people in its political capacity.
bodiless, bod'i-les, adj. having no body; incorporeal.
bodily, bod'i-li, adj. relating to the body.adv.
all in a body ; completely ; all at once.
Bog, bog, n. soft ground; a marsh, morass, or
quagmire.adj. boggy. [Ir. bogach, a bog;
Gael, bog, soft, moist]
Bogle, bo'gl, ., a bugbear; a spectre. [Scot, bogle,
"a ghost ; Gael, blog, bzvgwl{ E. bug, bugbear.]
boggle, bog7], v.t. to stop or hesitate as if frightened
at a bogle or strange appearance :pr.p. bogg/-
ling ; pa.p. bogg'led.
Boil, boil, v.t. to bubble up from the action of heat ;
to be hot; to be agitated.v.t. to heat to a
boiling state ; to dress or cook in any boiling
liquid :4r.p. boil'ing ; Pa.p. boiled'. [Fr. boitit-
lirL. hullo, to bubble; Ice. bulla: from the
noise made by boiling water.]
boiler, boil'ert *. , one who boils; that in which any
thing is boiled.
Poll, boil, . an inflamed swelling or tumour on the
flesh having a bubble-\\V.s shape. [A.S. bil, byl;
Ger. beule ; Ice. Sola.] See Bubble.
Boisterous, bois'ter-us, adj. , ivild; noisy ; turbulent ;
stormy.adv. bois'teronsly.n. boii'teroosneaa.
[Dan. bister; Du. bysier; W. bivyst, wild.]
Bold, bold, adj. having or requiring courage or
daring ; executed with spirit ; impudent ; stand
ing out to view ; steep or abrupt.adv. bold'ly.
n. bold'neM. [A.S., old Ger., and Dan. bald;
Fr. baud; Goth, baltha; Ice. balldr.]
Bole, bOl, ., the round stem or body of a tree.
[Dutch, bol, swelling : from root bol, round.)
boll, bOl, . the round heads ox seed-vessels of flax,
poppy, &c. ; a pod or capsule. [Dutch, bol,
botle, ahead; AS. bolla, a bowl: from root of
Bole.]
boiled, bold, Pa.p. (of obs. boll), swollen; podded.
Bolster, bolster, . a long round pillow or cushion ;
a pad.v.t. to support with a bolster; to hold
f5te, far ; mc, her ; mine ;
44
bookless
up:Pr.p. bOl'stering; Pa.p. bcrstered. [A.S. :
old Ger. bolstar; Dutch, bult, a hump.]
Bolt, bolt, *. lit. a knob; orig. a knob-headed arrow
for a cross-bow ; a bar or pin used to fasten a
door, &c.v.t. to fasten with a bolt ; to utter or
throw precipitately: to swallow hastily.v.t. to
dart forth :pr.p. bOlt'ing ; pa.p. bolted. (A.S.
and Dan. bolt, Ger. bolgen; from the root ofBole.]
Bomb, bum, n. lit. a loud booming or humming
sound ; a large hollow ball or shell of iron, filled
with gunpowder, to be thrown from a mortar, so
as to explode when it falls. [Fr. bombe, from L.
bombits, Gr. bombos, an imitation of the sound.]
bombard, bum-bard', v.t. to attack with bombs :
Pr.p. bombard'ing ; Pa.p. bombard'ed.n. bom-
bard'raent.n. bombardier, bum-bar-deV, one who
throws bombs ; an artillery-man.
Bombesin, Bombazine, bum-ba-zen', n. a twilled
fabric of silk and worsted. [Fr. ; L. bombycina.,
silk garments; Gr. bombyx, the silk-worm.]
Bombyt, bunv*bast, n. orig. cotton or any soft ma
terial used to swell or stuff garments ; inflated
language, [low L. bombax, cotton ; Gr. bombyx.]
bombutlc, bum-basi/ik, adj. having the qualities of
bombast; high-sounding; inflated.
Bond, bond, n. anything that binds ; a band.pi.
chains ; captivity.<k#.; bound ; in slavery.
[A.S. bondbindan, to bind.] Sec Band, Bind.
bonded, bond'ed, adj. lying under bond to pay duty.
bondage, bond'aj, n. state of being bound; captivity ;
slavery.
bondman, bond'man, n. a man slave.-/em. bond -
maid, bondwoman,
bondsman, bondz'man, n. one who is undera bond ;
a surety.
Bone, bOn, . the hard substance forming the skele
ton of an animal ; a piece of bone.v.t. to take
out bones from the flesh :fr.p. bOn'ing ; Pa.p.
bOned'. [A.S. ban; Ger. betn, Goth, bam, bone,
leg ; W. bon, a stem.]
bony, bOn'i, adj. full of, or consisting of bones.
Bonfire, bon'flr, n. orig. a beacon-fire; a large fire
made in the open air on occasion of public joy.
[Dan. baun, a beaconW. ban, lofty, andfire.]
Bonnet, bon'net, ., a head-dress; a covering for
the head worn by females ; a Scotch cap. [Fr. ;
Gad. bonaidbeann, the top, eide, dress.]
Bonny, bon ni, adj., beautiful; handsome ; gay.
adv. bon'nlly. [Fr. bon, BonneL. ^j,good.l
Bonus, bO'nus, n. lit. a good; a premium beyond the
usual interest for a loan ; an extra dividend to
shareholders. [L. bonus, good.]
Bony. See under Bone.
Booby, bOo^hi, n. lit. a baby; a silly or stupid fel
low; a water-bird, allied to the pelican, remark
able for its apparent stupidity, [from the root of
Babe ; Ger. bube, a boy.]
Book, book, x. a collection of paper leaves bound
together, cither printed, written on, or blank ; a
literary composition ; a division of a volume or
subject.v.t. to write or register in a book:
Pr.p. book'ing; Pa.p. booked*. [A.S. boc, the
beech, a book, because the Teutonic race wrote
on bcechen boards.]
bookish, book'ish, adj. fond of books ; given to
reading.adv. book'lshiy.n. book ishness.
book-keeping, bookTcep-ing, n. the art of keeping
accounts in a regular and systematic manner.
booklets, bookies, adj. without books : unlearned.
mote ; mate ; mCOn ; Men.
 bookworm Boudoir
bookworm, book'wurm, . a ivorm or mite that cats boreal, bo're-al, adj. pertaining to the north or
holes in books; one closely attached to books. north wind. [L. borcalis.)
Boom, a beam. See under Beam. Born, bawrn, pa.p. of Bear, to bring forth.
Boom, bourn, v.i. to sound like a bomb, the firing Borne, burn, /.?./. of Bear, to carry.
of a cannon, the roar of the sea, a drum, the Borough, burVG, . lit. a place of protection; a
bittern, &c. ; to rush with violence, as a ship corporate town ; a town that sends representa
under sail '.Pr.p. bOOm'ing ; /a./. bOOmed . tives to parliament [A.S. burg, burh, a city
fA.S. byme, a trumpet ; Du, bowmen, to drum, A.S. beorgan, Ger. bergen, to protect,]
bomme, a drum, from the root of Bomb.]
Boomerang, boTJm'e-rang, ti. a hard-wood missile Borrow, bor'rO, v.t. lit. to obtain a loan of money
on security ; to take from another on loan or
used by the natives of Australia, shaped like the credit :pr.p. borrowing.; Pa.p. borrowed.
segment ofa circle,ami so made that when thrown [A.S. borgianborg, born, a security: akin to
to a distance it returns towards the thrower. Borough, from the notion of security.]
Boon, boon, n. orig. a prayer; answer to a prayer borrower, bor'rO-cr, n., one who borrows.
or petition ; a gift or favour. [A. S. ben,a prayer ; Boscage, bosTcaj, n., wood; thicket ; thick foliage.
Dan. ban.} Sec Bid. [Fr. boscage, bocage; It. bosco; Ger. busch; fc.
Boon, boTJn, adj., good, kind, liberal : gay ; merry ; bush; perhaps connected with Ger. bauen, to
cheerful, [Dr. vonL, bonus, good.] build, from the use of trees in building.]
Boor, bOOr, . lit. a tilUr of the ground; a bosky, bosTci, adj., woody; bushy; shady.
countryman ; any coarse or awkward person. Bosom, bOO'zum, n. the breast of a human being or
[Dutch, boer, Ger. bauerA.S. bnan, Dutch, the part of the dress which covers it ; fig. the
bouwen, Ger. batten, to till.]
boorish, bOoVish, adj., like a boor; rustic; rude; scat of the passions and operations of the mind ;
the heart ; any receptacle or enclosure ; the in
illiterate.adv. boor'lshly.n. boor'iihnem. terior.i/./.toput in the bosom ; to conceal.adj.
Boot, bCOt, n. orig. a hollow skin for holding liquids; intimate; confidential. [A.S. bosm; Ger. busen.]
a covering for therfoot and leg generally made of Boss, bos, n. a swelling or protuberance ; a raised
leather ; an old instrument oftorture for the legs ; ornament ; a stud or knob. [Fr. bosse; It. bozza
a box or receptacle in a coach in //. a servant Ger. buts, butzen, any blunt point or lump.]
at an inn who cleans the boots, &c.v.t. to put bossed, bost,
on boots iPr.p. bOOt'ing ; pa.p. bOOt'ed. [Fr. . It. bossy, bos'si,adj. ornamented with bosses ; studded.
adj. having bosses.
botte, Sp. boLi, a wine-skin.] See Bottle, Bntt. Botany, bor/a-ni, n. orig. plants for fodder; the
Boot, bOOt, v.t. to Profit or advantage.. advan science that treats of plants. [Gr. botanl, herb,
tage; profit. [A.S. bot, compensation, amends plantbosks, to feed.]
iftan, to amendbet, better.]
bootless, boot/lcs, adj. without boot or profit; use botanic,taining
bO-tan'ik, botanical, bO-tan'ik-al, adj., per
to botany.adv. botan'lcaUy.
less.adv. bootlesaly.n. bootlessnesa. botanist, bot'an-ist, n. one skilled in botany.
Booth, bOO/A, n. lit. a hut or temporary erection botanlse, bor'an-Iz, r>.. to seek for and collect
formed of slight materials. [Gael, both, bothag.] plants for the purposes of botany :pr.p. and .
Booty, bOOti, n. lit. spoil to be shared or divided; bor'anising ; pa.p, bot'anlsed.
spoil taken in war or by force : plunder. [Fr. Botch, boch, n. a swelling on the skin ; a clumsy
butin; Ger. beute; Sw. bytebyta, to divide.] patch ; ill-finished work.v.t. to patch or mend
Bo-peep, bO-pep', n. a play among children, in clumsily '.pr.p. botch'ing ; Pa.p. botched',
which one Peeps from behind and cries bo. [from root of Boss.]
Borax, bO'raks, n. a shining mineral silt used for botcher,
botchy,
boch'er, ., one who botches.
boch'i, adj.,full ofbotches.
soldering, and also in medicine. [Fr. ; Sp. bor-
rax ; It. borrace; Ar. bUrag, from baraga, to Both, both, adj. and fron., the two; the one and
shine.]adj. boracic, bO-ras'ik, relating to or con the other. [A.S. butu, battva, Ger. beide, Goth.
taining borax. ba,bajoths: L. ambo, Gr. ampkd : Sans. ubha.\
Border, bor'dcr, n. the edge or margin of anything. Bother, boM'er, v.t. to perplex or tease :/*"./.
v.i. to approach near to ; to touch or be ad both'ering; Pa.p. bothered, [a corr. of Pother.J
jacent to.v.t. to make, or adorn with, a border : Bottle, bot'], n. a hollow vessel for holding liquids;
pr.p. bordering ; pa.p. bordered. [Fr. bord, the contents of such a vessel.v.t. to put into
bordure; Ice. and A.S. bord, the edge.]
borderer, borMer-er, . one who dwells on the bottles:pr.p. bott'ling ; Pa.p. bott'led. [Fr.
bouteille, dim. of bottc.\ Sec Boot, Butt.
border of a country.
Bora, bOr, v.t. to bite orpierce with an instrument ; Bottle, bor/1, . a bundle of hay. [Fr. botal, dim.
of botte, a bundle, from root of Bosa]
to make a hole in ; to weary by ceaseless repeti Bottom,
tion.v.i. to penetrate by boring '.Pr.p. bOr ing ; that onbot'tum, n., the lowest part of anything;
which anything rests or is founded ; a
Pa.p. bCred'.n. a hole made by boring ; the valley
dimensions of the cavity of a gun ; one that a bottom.v.i. to resttoupon
; a ship.v.t. furnish with or to reach
the bottom 'pr.p.
wearies. [A. S. borian, to bore, from bor, a borer ; bot'toming ; pa.p. bot/tomed. [A.S. botm ; Ger.
Ger. bohreni allied to h.foro, Gr. peiro.) boden; Dan. bund: connected with L. fundus,
borer, bO^er, n. the person or thing that bores. Gr. buthos.)
Bore, bOrdid bearPast tense of Boar. bottomless, bot'tum-lcs, adj., having no bottom.
Bore, bOr, n. lit. a rushing roar; the sudden rise bottomry, bot'tum-ri, n. the act of borrowing money
of the tide in a river or estuary, which is accom on a ship or bottom.
panied with a loud noise. [Sw. Goth, bor, the Boudoir, boo'dwar, n. a small room where one may
wind ; Scot, birr, a loud whirring sound.] retire to be alone ; a lady's private room. [Fr.
Boreas, bO're-as, n.t the north wind. [L. and Gr.] bouder, to pout, to be suUcy.j
Ate, fir ; me", her ; mine ; mote ; mute ; mCOn ; Men.
4S
 Bough
Bough, bow, n. a branch of a tree which, bows or
bends outward from the trunk. [A.S. bog, boh
bugan, to how or bend.]
Bought, bawt/>a.t. and Pa.p. of Buy.
Boulder, same as bowlder.
Bounce, bouns, V.L, to strike so as to cause a
sudden noise; to jump or spring suddenly; to
boast or bully '.r.p. bouncing ; Pa.p. bounced'.
n. a heavy sudden blow; aleap or spring; a
boast ; a lie. [D. bonaen, to strikebens, a blow.]
bouncer, botins'er, n. one who bounces ; something
big ; a bully ; a liar.
Bound, bound-fa.t. and fa.fi. of Bind.
Bound, bound, adj., preparedfor; ready to go to.
[Ice. buinn, pa.p. otbua, to prepare.]
Boand, bound, v.i. to spring or leap :Pr.p. bound'-
ing ; Pa.p. bound'ed.n. a spring or leap. [Fr.
bondir, to spring, in old Fr. to sound, to hum
L. bombitare, to hum.]
Bound, bound, . a limit.v.t. to set hounds to ; to
limit, restrain, or surround :Pr-P- bounding ;
Pa.p. bound'ed. [Fr. borne; old Fr. bone; low
L. bodina : prob. of Celtic origin.]
boundary, bound'a-ri, n. a visible bound or limit ;
border ; termination.
boundless, boundles, adj., having no bound or
limit ; vast. . boundlessness.
Eounden, bound'en, adj., binding ; required ; obliga
tory, [from Bind.]
Bounty, boun'ti, n. orig. goodness ; liberality in be
stowing gifts ; the gift bestowed ; a sum ofmoney
offered as an inducement to enter the army, &c.
[Fr. bonti; L. bonitasbonus, good.]
bounteous, boun'te-us, or bounr*yus, bountiful, boun'-
ti-fool, adj. liberal in giving ; willing to bestow.
advs. boun'teously, boun'ttfully.ns. boun'teotuv-
ness, bonn'tlfulness.
Bouqoet, bOo-k&' or boUTcii, n. a bunch of flowers ;
a nosegay. [Fr.bosquet, a little woodIt. bosco,
a wood.] See Boscage.
Bourgeon, bur'jun, v.i., to put forth sprouts or
bu<is ; to grow '.fr.p. bourgeoning ; Pa.p.
bourgeoned. [Fr. oourgeon, a bud-shoot.]
Bourn, Bourne, born or bourn, n. a bound or bound'
ary; a limit. [Fr. borne.) Sec Bound.
Bourn, Bourne, born or bOorn, . a stream or rivulet.
[Scot, bum, a brook ; Gael, burn, fresh water :
Ger. brunnen, Goth, brmnna, a spring.]
Bout, bout, n. lit a bend; a turn coming round
at certain intervals; atrial; an attempt. [A.S.
bugan, to bow or bend.]
Bovine, br/vln, adj. pertaining to cattle. [L. bos,
bovis. Or. bans, an ox or cow.]
Bow, bow, v.t. to bend or incline towards; to sub
due.v.i. to bend the body in saluting a person ;
to yield :fir.p. bow'ing ; Pa.p. bowed'.n., a
bending of the body in saluting a person ; the
curving forepart of a ship. [A. S. bugan, to bend.]
bower, bow'er, n. an anchor carried at the bow or
forepart of a ship.
bowline, bolin, n. lit. the line of the bow or bend;
a small rope to keep a sail close to the wind.
[bow, and line.]
bowsprit, bo'sprit, n. a boom or spar projecting
from the bow ofa ship, [bow, and sprit.]
bow, bO, n. a bent piece of wood used to shoot
arrows ; anything of a curved shape as the rain
bow ; die instrument by which the strings of a
violin are sounded.n. bow'man, an archer.
fate, far ; me", her ; mine ;
Brag
Bowels, bowVlz, n.pl. the interior parts of the
body; the entrails; fig. the heart, pity, tender
ness. [Fr. boyau; old Fr. boel; low L. iottclli,
the bowelsL. botellus, a sausage.]
Bower, bow'er, n. orig. a chamber ; a shady enclo
sure or recess in a garden. [A.S. bur, a cham
ber ; W. bwTj an enclosure.]
bowery, bow'er-i, adj. containing bowers ; shady.
Bowie-knife, bfll-nlf, n. a dagger-knife worn in the
southern states of America, so named front its
inventor Colonel Bowie.
Bowl, bo!, n. a round drinking-cup ; the round,
hollow part of anything ; a wooden ball for roll
ing along the ground.v.i. to play at bowls ; to
roll along like a bowl.v.t. to roll as a bowl ;
Pr.p. bowl'ing ; pa.p. bowled'. [Fr. boule, L.
bulla, A.S. bolla, Dan. bolle, any round body.]
bowler, boTer, n. one who plays at bowls.
bowlder, bOl'der, n. a large stone rounded by the
action of water ; in geol. a mass of rock trans
ported by natural agencies from its native bed.
Bowline, Bowsprit. Sec under Bow.
Bow-window, same as bay-window.
Box, boks, n. a tree remarkable for the hardness
and smoothness of its wood ; a case made of
box or other wood ; the contents of a box ; a
seat in a theatre ; the driver's scat on a carriage.
v.t. to put into or furnish with boxes:pr.p.
boxing; Pa.p. boxed'. [A.S. box; JL buxus ;
Gr. pyxos, the tree. Pyxis, a box. ]
Box, boks, n. a sounding blow on the bead with
the hand.v.t. and v.i. to strike with the hand ;
to light with the fists '.Pr.p. boxing ; Aa.p.
boxed'.n. box'er. [Dan. bask, a sounding blow :
Gr. Pyx, with clenched fist ; L. pugnus, the fist.]
Boy, boy, n. a male child; a lad. [Ger. bube;
Swiss, bub, bue ; L. fiupus.]
boyhood, boVhood, n. state of being a boy.
boyish, boyish, adj. belonging to or like a boy ;
trifling.adv. boyishly.n. boy'ishness. *
Brace, bras, n. anything that draws together and
holds tightly; a bandage; a pair or couple; a
mark in printing connecting two or more words
or lines (})in /' straps that hold up the
trousers ; ropes for turning the yards of a ship.
v*t. to tighten, make firm, strengthen '.pr.p.
bracing; P*-P- braced'. [Fr. bras, a brace, the
arm, power ; Gael, brae, W. braich, L. brachium,
Gr. brachidn, the arm, as the type of strength.]
bracing, braVing, adj. giving strength or tone.
bracelet, brftVlet, n. a piece of defensive armour for
the arm ; an ornament for the wrist. [Ft., dim.
of old Fr. bracket, armour for the arm.]
bracket, brak'et,1 . a contrivance for holding
things together; a support for something fastened
to a wall.in pi. in printing, the marks [ ] used
to enclose one or more words.v.t. to put within
brackets ; to place on brackets '.pr.p. brack'et-
ing ; pa.p. brack'eted.
Brach, brak, brach, ., a dogfor trackinggame; a
bitch hound. [Fr. braque, Ital. bracco, a set
ting dog, braccare, to trackGer. brack, a dog.]
Brackish, brak'ish, adj. lit. spoiled; applied to water
mixed with salt.n. brack Uhnees. [Ger. and
Dutch, brack, wrack, refuse, spoiled.]
Bract, brakt, n. an irregularly developed leaf. [L.
braetea, a thin plate of metal, gold-leaf.]
bracteal, brak'te-al, adj. having bracts.
Brag, brag, v.i. orig, to crack, to make a noise;
to boast or bluster :pr.p. bragging; Pa.p.
mOte ; mute ; mCOn ; then.
 braggadocio
bracked'.. a boast or boasting; the thing
boasted of: a game at cards. [Dan. brag, Ice.
braka, crack, crash.]
braggadocio, brag-ga-do'shi-o, ft. a braggart or
boaster ; empty boasting, [from Braggadockw,
a boastful character in Spenser's Faery Queen.]
braggart, brag'gart, adj. boastful.n. a boaster.
Brahmin, bra'min, . a person of the highest caste
among the Hindus. [Sans. BrahmanBrahma,
the creator, the first deity of the Hindu trinity.]
Braid,briid, v.t., to iveave or entwine:pr.p. braid'-
ing; pa.p. braided.n. a string, cord, or other
texture made by weaving. [A.S. bredan, breg-
dan, Ice. bregda, Dan. bragde, to weave.]
Brain, br3n, n. the mass of nervous matter con
tained in the skull ; the seat of sensation and
intellect; the intellectv.t. to dash out the
brainsof:fr.p. brain'ing \Pa.p. brained'. [A.S.
braegen, Dutch, breyne.}adj. braln'lesz, silly.
Brake, brik, Brakeat, brak'estbroke, brokestold
Pa.t. of Ereak.
Crake, brak, . a fern ; a place overgrown with
ferns or briars ; a thicket, [low Ger. brake,
brushwood ; W. brwg, brake ; Gael, fraoc,
heath.]
braky, brtkl, adj.,full of brakes ; rough; thorny.
Brake, brak, n. an instrument to break flax or hemp ;
a carriage for breaking in horses ; a bit for horses ;
an instrumentfor checking the motion ofa wheel,
[from root of Break. ]
Bramble, bram'bl, n. a prickly plant bearing black
berries. [A.S. bremel, Dutch, braerne, Gcr. bram.]
Bras, bran, ft. the refuse of grain ; the inner husks
of corn sifted from the flour. [Fr. bran, bran,
excrement ; Celt, bran, bran, chaff.]
branny, bran'i, adj. consisting of bran ; having the
appearance of bran.
Branch, bransh, . a shoot or arm-like limb of a
tree ; any offshoot or sub-division.v.t. to divide
into branches.v.i. to spread out as a branch :
pr.p. branching ; pa.p. branched'. [Fr. branc/te,
Gael, brae, W. braick, an arm.] See Brace.
branchless, branshles, adj. without branches.
branehlet, bransh/let, ., a little branch; a twig.
branchy, bransh'i, adj. full of branches.
Brand, brand, ft. a piece of wood burning or
partly burnt; a sword which when waved
glitters as if itflamed; a mark burned into any
thing with a hot iron; a mark of infamy.v.t,
to bum or mark with a hot iron ; to fix a mark
ofinfamy upon-:-pr.p.brand'ing ;pa.p. brand'ed.
[A.S.bvrnan, Ger. brennen, to burn.]
brandish, brandish, v.t. to shake or wave as a
brand or weapon :pr.p. brandishing ; pa^.
brandished.. a shaking or waving. [Fr.
brandir, It. brandire, from Brand, a sword.]
brandy, bran'di, . lit. burned wine; spirits dis
tilled from wine, [old E, brandwine, Ger. brannt-
iveinbrennen, to burn, to distil, wein, wine.]
Brass, bras, ft. lit. a metal of the colour ofglowing
coal; an alloy of copper and zinc ; fig. impu
dence. [A.S. braes; Ice. bras, solder, from its use
in braring; Sp. brasa, Fr. braise, glowing coal,
from the coals over which the soldering is done.]
brassy, brasl, adj. of or like brass ; impudent.
brace, briiz, v.t. to cover or solder with brass:
pr.p. and ft. br5zlng ; Pa.p. brazed'.
brazen, braeen, brazil, adj., of or belonging to
brass; impudent.
brazier, brazier, bra'zher, ft. one who works in
brass ; a pan for holding burning coals.
fate, far; mf, h6r; mine;
breakwater
Brat, brat, n. lit. a rag; a contemptuous name foz
a child. [A.S. bratt, W., Gael, brat, a rag ; prov.
. brat, a child's pinafore.]
Brave, brSv, adj. orig. fine, handsome, gaily
dressed; gallant; noble; courageous.v.t. to
meet boldly; to defy:-Pr.p. braving; paJ.
brSved'.. a brave man.adv. bravely. [Fr.
brave; It. and Sp. bravo; Scot, brow; Gael.
breagk ; Ger. brav, beautiful.]
bravery, bruv/er-i,. orig.finery ; courage ; heroism.
bravado, bra-va'do, . a display of bravery; a
boastful threat. [Sp. bravado^bravo.)
bravo, bra'vo, . lit. a brave; a daring villain ; a
bandit ; a hired assassin. [It. and Sp.]
bravo, bra'vO, int., beautifulI excellent ! well done !
Brawl, brawl, n. a confused noise ; a noisy quarrel.
v.i., to make a loud noise ; to quarrel noisily :
Pr.p. brawling ; pa.p. brawled', [old E. braul,
brail; Dan. bralle, to talk much and high :
prob. from the sound.]. brawler, brawl'er.
Brawn, brawn, . orig. a boar or its flesh; the
pickled flesh of the boar or of swine ; the fleshy,
muscular part of the body ; muscular strength,
[transposition of A.S. bdren, pi. of bar, a boar:
It. brano, old Fr. braion, a lump of flesh.]
brawny, brawni, adj. fleshy ; muscular ; strong.
Bray, br3, v.t., to break or pound :pr.p. bray'ing ;
pa.p. brayed', [from root of Break.]
brayer, braer, n. an instrument to grind or spread
ink tn printing.
Bray, br3, ., the cry oftheass; any harshgrating
sound.v.i. to make a loud harsh sound, as an
ass :pr.p. and n. bray'ing ; pa.p. brayed'. [Fr.
braire ; Gr. bracks, to crash, roar; Ice. brak,
crash, noise : prob. from the sound.]
brayer, bra'er, n. one who brays like an ass.
Braze, Brazen, Brazier. See under Braze.
Breach. See under Break,
Bread, bred, . food made of flour or meal baked ;
fig. food; livelihood. [A.S. bread, brrod, from
breotan, breodan, to b.~eak : or breowan, to
brew : or from Bray, to pound.]
bread-fruit-tree, bredTrtSot-tre-, n, a tree found
chiefly in the South Sea Islands, producing
a large roundfruit, which, when roasted, forma
a good substitute for bread.
Breadth. See under Broad.
Break, brak, v.t. to part by force; to burst, rend,
or shatter ; to crush ; to tame ; to violate ; to
separate ; to make bankrupt.v.i. to part or
separate ; to burst forth ; to fall out ; to become
bankrupt :pr.p. breaking ; pa.t. broke ; Pa.p.
broVen.n. state of being broken ; an opening ;
a pause or interruption ; failure. [A.S. brecan ;
Goth, brikan, brak ; Ger. brechen : conn, with L.
frango.frago, Gr. rhig-nStmi: from the sound.]
breach, brfich, . a break or opening ; a breaking
of law, &c. ; a quarrel : in B., a creek.vd. to
make an opening :~~Pr.p. breach'ing ; Pa.p.
breached'.
breakage, bruk'aj, m. a breaking; allowance for
things broken.
breaker, brik'er, w. , one that breaks or is broken ;
a wave broken on rocks.
breakfast, brek'fast, n., a break or breaking of a
fast; the first meal of the day.v.i. to take
breakfast.v.t. to furnish with breakfast :
Pr.p. breakfasting ; Pa.p. break'fastcd.
breakwater, brak'waw-ter, n. a wall at the entrance
of a harbour to break the force of the water.
mOte ; mute ; mCon ; /Acq.
47
 Breast
Breast, brest, n. the part of the body between the
neck and the belly ; fig. conscience, disposition,
affections.v.t.
oppose to bear ;the
:pr.p. breasting breast
/a./*, against;
breastred. [A.S.to
breost; Goth, brusts; Dutch, borst.)
breastplate, brcsr/plat, n., plate or armour for the
breast.
breastwork, bresr/wurk, . a defensive work breast-
high, of earth or other material.
Breath, breth, n. lit. steam, vapour; the air drawn
in and then expelled from the lungs; a single
breathing, or the time it occupies ; fig. life ; a
pause ; an instant ; a gentle breeze. [A.S. brath ;
Ger. brodem, steam, breath.]
breathless, brethlcs, adj., without or out ofbreath ;
dead; breath-suspending. n. breath fewness,
breathe, brCth, v.i. to draw in and expel breath or
air from the lungs ; to take breath ; fig. to live ;
to rest.v.t. to draw in and expel from the
lungs as air ; to infuse by breathing ; to give out
by breathing ; to give vent to ; to utter softly or
in private :pr.p, breathing ; Pa.p. breathed'.
n. and adj. breath'ing.
Bred, bred, pa.t. and Pa.p. of Breed.
Breech, brech, n. the lower part of the body behind ;
the hinder part of anything, especially of a gun.
-v.t. to put into breeches ; to furnish with a
breech '.pr.p. breeching ; Pa.p. breeched'.
[perhaps from root of Breakthe part where the
body divides into two legs.]
breeches, brich'ez, n.pl. a garment worn by men
over the lower part of the body ; trousers. [A.S.
broc, pi. brae ; old Fr. brogues ; L. bracca. ]
Breed, bred, v.t. lit. to nourish, or keep warm;
to bring forth or generate ; to hatch ; to train
or bring up ; to cause or occasion.v.t. to
bear and nourish young ; to be generated or
grow ; to have birth :pr.p. and adj. breeding ;
Pa.t. and Pa.p. bred.n. that which is bred;
offspring ; kind or race ; a brood or the number
produced at a birth. [A.S. bredan, braedan:
connected with W. brwd, warm.]
breeder, brCd'cr, . one that breeds, or brings up.
breeding, brSdlng.^ *. act of producing; nurture;
education or training ; manners.
Breeze, brez, n. lit. a cool wind; a gentle gale ; a
wind. [Fr. brise, a cool wind ; It. rrs;yz, dullness.]
breezy, brfiz'i, adj. fanned with or subject to breezes.
Brethren, plural of Brother.
Breve, brcv, n. a brief or short note; formcrlv,
the longest note in music, |lcj||. [It. breve1,.
brevis, short. In old church music there were
but two notes, the long and the breve or short.
Afterwards, the long was disused, and the breve
became the longest note. It is now litde used,
the semibreve being the longest note.]
brevet, breVe^ a short document or warrant ; a
commission entitling an officer to take rank
above that for which he receives pay. [Fr.L.
brevis.}n. breVetcy.
breviary, bre'vi-ar-i, . an abridgment or epitome;
the book containing the daily service of the R.
Catholic Church. [Fr. brrviaireL. brevis.)
brevier, bre-veV; n. a small type originally used in
printing breviaries.
brevity, brevlt-i, n., shortness; conciseness. [L.
brevitasbrevis.]
Brew, broo, v.t., to boil and mix; to prepare malt
so as to make ale, beer, &c. ; to contrive or plot.
v.t. to perform the operation of brewing; to
be in a state of preparation :pr.p. and n.
fite, far ; me", her ; mine ;
brigand
brewing; Pa.p. brewed'. [A.S. breovan; Ger.
brauen; allied to h.ferz'ere, to boil.]
brewer, broo'er, n. one who brews.
brewery, broo'er-i, n. a place for brewing.
Bribe, brlbj n. lit. a pieee of bread; something
given to influence unduly the judgment, or cor
rupt the conduct.*?./, to influence by a bribe :
pr.p. bribing; Pa.p. bribed'. [Fr. bribe, a lump
ofbread ; W.brnvo, to break, briw, a fragmcnt.J
briber, brlb'cr, . one who bribes.
bribery, brlb'er-i, n. act of giving or taking bribes.
Brick, brik, n. lit. a piece broken off; an oblong or
square piece of burned clay ; a loaf shaped Tike
a trick.v.t. to lay or pave with bricks 'Pr-P.
brick'ing ; pa.p. bricked'. [A.S. briee; Fr.
brique ; Fr. briser, Gael, bris, to break ; con
nected with Break.]
brickbat, briVb.it, n. a piece of brick.
brick kiln, brik'-kil, . a kiln in which bricks are
bumed. [bricks.
bricklayer, brikla-cr, n. one who lays or builds with
Bride, bnd, . lit. one owned or purchased; a
woman about to be married, or newly married.
[A.S. bryd, Ice. bruda, Ger. braut, a bride; old
Ger. briit, one betrothed ; W. priod, one married
priodi, to marrypriaivd, owned.]
bridal, brld'al, n. lit a bride's ale; a marriage
feast ; a wedding.adj. belonging to a bride, or
a wedding. [A.S. bryd-eal.\
bride-cake, brld'-kik, n. the bride's cake, or cake
distributed at a wedding.
bridegroom, brld'grotim, . the bride's man ; a man
about to be or. newly married. [A.S. bryd-
guma, from guma, a man.]ns. bride'-mald or
brideV-mald, brlde'-man or brldeV-man, attendants
at a wedding.
Bridewell, brld'wel, w. a house of correction, [from
a palace near St Bride's Well in London, after*
wards used as a house of correction.]
Bridge, brij, . a structure for carrying a road
across a river, &c. ; anything like a bridge.v.t.
to build a bridge over:pr.p. bridging ; Pa.p.
bridged'. [A.S. bricg, Ice. bryggja, Ger. brticke. ]
Bridle, brfdl, n. lit. the bit strings ; the instrument
with which a horse is governed.v.t. to put on,
or manage with a bridle ; to check or restrain.
v.i. to hold up the head ; to shew spirit :pr.p.
brfdling ; pa.p. briMlcd. [A.S. bridel : old Ger.
brittil; Ice. bitill : prob. from bit, the part in
the mouth of the horse.]
Brief, bref, adj., short ; concise.adv. briefly..
briefness. [Fr. bref L. brevis, short.]
brief, bref, . a short account of a client's case, as
instructions to a counsel ; a writ : an order
authorising a collection of money to be made in
churches.
briefless, breflcs, adj. without a brief.
Brier, brftr. n. aprickly shrub ; the sweet-brier and
the wiM-bricr, species of the rose, [old E. brere,
A.S. brar, Ir. briar, thorn.]
briery, brl'er-i, adj.,full ofbriers; prickly.
Brig, brig, n. a vessel with two masts, square
rigged, [shortened from brigantlne.J
Brigade, bri-g5d', n., a troop offighting men; a
division of troops under a general officer.
v.t. to form into brigades:/r./. brigading ;
Pa.p. brigad'ed. [Fr. brigade, Sp. brigada. It.
brigatalow L. br/ga, strife.] [brigade.
brigadier, brie-a-deV, . the officer commanding a
brigand, brigand, a light armed soldier; a
mate ; mute ; moon ; Men.
 brigandage
robber or freebooter. [Fr., low L. bn'gansbriga,
strife : or W. brigantbrig, hill, top.]
brigandage, brig'and-aj, n. freebooting ; plunder.
brigandine, brigpand-In, n. a coat of mail worn by
brigands.
brtgantlne, brigan-tTn, n. orig. a small light vessel
used by brigands or pirates ; a small brig.
Bright, brlt, adj. burning; full of light; shining:
clear; illustrious; clever.adv. brlfht'ly. n.
brightness. [A S. beorkt, brihi; Goth, bairkts,
clear ; Gr.phlegd, L.jlagro, Sans, bhrag, to burn. ]
brighten, brlt/n, v.t., to make bright or brighter;
to cheer or gladden ; to make witty or acute.
v.i. to grow bright or brighter; to clear up:
pr.p. brightening ; pa.p. brighr'encd.
Brill, bril, n. a fish of the turbot genus. [ : ]
Brilliant, bril'yant, adj., shining like a beryl or
Peart; sparkling; glittering: splendid.. a
diamond so cut as to render it more glittering.
adv. brilTlantly.n. brill'lancy. (Fr. brilter, to
shine : prob. from L. beryttus, a beryl.]
Brim, brim, n. the rim or upper edge of any
thing ; margin or brink of a river or lake ; the
top.v.t. to fill to the brim.v.i. to be full
to the brim :Pr-P- brimm'ing ; Pa.p. brimmed'.
[A.S. brymme; Gcr., Dan. brttme; Ice. brim.]
brimful, brim'fool, adj.,full to the brim.
brimmer, brim'er, n. a vessel or bowl brimful.
Brimstone, brim'stOn, burning stone; sulphur,
(old E. brynstoneA.S. bryne, a burning-byr-
nan, to burn, and stone.]
Brindtd, brind'ed, Brindled, brin'dld, adj., lit.
branded; marked with spots or streaks. [A.S.
brandbyman, to burn.]
Brine, brln. n. the sea ; salt-water. [A.S. bryne.]
briny, brln i, adj. pertaining to brine or the sea ; salt.
Bring, bring, v.t. to fetch from; to carry to; to
conduct or lead ; to draw or induce :Pr.p. bring'-
ing; Pad. and Pa.p. brought (brawtj. [A.S.
bringan, to bring or carry.]
Brink, bringk, n. the edge or border of a steep
place, or of a river, [from root of Break : or from
Celt, breagke, Scot, brae, a steep.]
Brisk, brisk, adj. full of life and spirit ; active ;
quick ; effervescing as liquors.adv. briskly.n.
brtsk'ness. [other forms are Preeh, Frisk. Fr.
brusqueCelt, briosg, briscbrys, haste.]
Brisket, brisk'et, n. the breast of an animal; the
part of the breast next to the ribs. [W. brysced;
Fr. briehet, brechet.]
Bristle, brisl, n. short, stiff hair, as of swine.v.t.
to cause to rise in bristles.v.i. to stand erect
as bristles:^./, brist'ling; Pa.p. brisr/led.
[A.S. bristl, byrst, Dutch, borstei, Scot, birse.]
bristly, brisli, adv. set with bristles; rough. .
brisflines*.
Britannic,bri-tan'ik, mxy.belonging to GreatBritain;
British. [L. BritannicusBritannia, Britain,
perhaps from Celt, brith, brit, painted, the Britons
being in the habit of painting their bodies blue :
or Phoenician, barat-anac, land of tin.]
British, brit'ish, adj. pertaining to Great Britain
or its people.. Brit'on, a native of Britain.
Brittle, britl, adj., apt to break; easily broken.
n. brlttlencM. [A_S. brytan, breotan. Ice.
briota, to break.]
Broach, broch, v.t. tofierce a cask for the purpose
of drawing off the liquor ; to begin upon or open
upabusiness;/r./.broach'ing \Pa.p. broached'.
fate, far ; m4, her ; mine ;
Broom
[Fr. brotheri W. procio, to thrust or stab; Gael.
brag, to goad.] See Brooch.
Broad, brawd, adj., extended in breadth, or from
side to side ; wide ; indelicate.adv. broadly.
n. broadness. [A.S. brad; Goth, braids.]
breadth, bredth. n. extent from side to side ; width.
broaden, brawd n, v.t., to make broad or broader,
v.i. to grow broad or extend in breadth:
pr.p. broad'ening ; Pa.p. broad'ened.
broadside, brawd'sld, n. the side of a ship ; the
discharge of all the guns on one side of a ship
at once ; a sheet of paper printed on one side.
Brocade, brO-kid', n. a silk fabric on which figures
of any kind are wrought so as to produce a pat
tern ; silk stuff with a raised pattern. [It. broc-
cato, Fr. brocart, from It. broccart, Fr. brocher,
to prick, to emboss : prob. from Celt brog, an
awl.] See Brosch. [brocade.
brocaded, br>-k5d'cd, adj. worked like, or wearing
Broccoli, brok'o-li, n. lit. sprouts ; a kind ofcabbage
resembling cauliflower. [It. broccolo, a sprout,]
Brochure, brO-shOOr*, ., a small book stitched ; a
pamphlet. [Vr.brocher,iostitchbrvche,*, needle.]
Brogue, brog, n. a stout coarse shoe; a coarse dia
lect or manner of pronunciation. [Ir. and Gael.
brog, shoe, hoof.]
Brolder, Broidery. See Embroider, Embroidery.
Bretdered, broid'erd, in i Timothy ii. 9, a misprint
for broided = braided.
Broil, broil, n. a noisy quarrel ; a confused dis
turbance. [It. broglto; r r. brouitler, to jumble.]
Broil, broil, v.t. to dress or cook by exposure over
coals or the fire.v.i. to be greatly heated :
pr.p. broiling ; Pa.p. broiled'. [Fr. hitler,
brusler, brasillerbraise, burning coals.]
Broke, brokdid break-/*./.andold/a./. ofBreak.
Broker, brOk'cr. n. one who transacts business for
another, [old E. brocour; A.S. brucan, Ger.
brauchen, to use.]
brokerage, br0k'er-5j, n. the business of a broker ;
the commission charged by a broker.
Bronchial, brongTci-al, adj. relating to the bronchia
or ramifications of the wind-pipe in the lungs.
[Gr. bronchos, the wind-pipe.]
bronchitis, brong-kT'tis, n. inflammation of the
bronchia; or of the bronchial membrane.
Bronze, bronz, n. an alloy of copper and tin, of a
brown or burned colour ; anything cast in bronze;
the colour of bronze.v.t. to give theappcarance
of bronze to to harden bronzing ; /*.>.
bronzed'. [Fr. ; It.brvnzobronze, glowing coals:
conn, with brutto, brown, and root bren, to burn.]
Brooch, broch, n. an ornamental pin for fastening
a shawl, plaid, or other article of dress. [Fr.
broche, an iron pinCelt, brvc, a point.]
Brood, brOOd, v.i. to sit upon or cover in order to
breed or hatch ; to cover as with wings ; to think
on with long anxiety.v.t. to mature or cherish
with care :Pr.p. brOOd'ing ; Pa.p. brODd'ed.
[A.S. brad, a brood, from root of Breed.]
brood, brBod, . something bred; the number
hatched at once ; offspring.
Brook, brook, n. lit. water breaking through the
earth; a small natural stream of water. [A.S.
brocbrrcan, to break forth.]
brooklet, brook'let, *., a little brook.
Brook, brook, v.t., tobearor endure '.- Pr.p. brook*-
ing .Pa.p. brooked'. [A.S. brucan, to use, tobear.)
Broom, broom, n. a wild evergreen shrub with leaf
mOte ; mute ; mOOn ; Men.
 Broth
less pointed twigs ; a besom made of its twigs.
[A.S. and Dutch, brom; Sw. brom, bramble;
Ger. p/riemen, broomp/riem, an awl. ]
Broth, broth, n. liquor in which flesh is brewed or
boiled, [A.S. brodbreodan} to brew : It. brodo;
Fr. brouet; Gael, brotbruich, to boil.]
trothel, broth'el, n. orig. a bordel or little cottage ;
a house for prostitution. [Fr. bordelborde, a
hut, from the boards of which it was made.]
Brother,bruM'er,. amale ofthe samebreedorbrood;
a son of the same parents ; any one closely
united with another ; a fellow-creature.//.
brothers (bruM'erz) or brethren (bre/A'ren). [A.S.
brbdhor, Ger. bnider, W. bratvd; Gael, bratkair;
Tx./rire; L./rater; Sans, bhratri.]
brother-in-law, bruM'er-in-law, n. the brother of a
husband or wife ; also a sister's husband.
brotherhood, bruM'er-hood, n. the state of being a
brother ; an association ; a class of individuals of
the same trade, &c
brotherlike, bruM'er-lTk, brotherly, bruM er-li, adj.,
like a brother; kind ; affectionate.
Brought, brawt, pa.t. and/a./, of Bring.
Brow, brow, n. the ridge over the eyes ; the fore
head ; the edge of a hill. [A.S. brarw; Dutch,
brauwe ; Ice. bra ; W. bryn, a hill : or con
nected with Gr. cphrys, \*front, the forehead.]
browbeat, browDet, v.t. to bear down with stern
brow, looks, or harsh speech ; to bully :pr.p.
brov/beating ; Pa.p. brov/beaten.
Brown, brown, adj. of a burned colour ; of a dark
or dusky colour inclining to red or yellow.n. a
dark reddish colour.v.t. to make brown or give
a brown colour to '.pr.p. browning ; Pa.p.
browned'. [A.S.brHn, Ger. braunA.S. byman,
Ger. brmnen, to bum.]
brownish, brown'ish, adj. somewhat brown.
brown-study, brown'stud-i, n. dull or gloomy
reverie ; absent-mindedness.
Browse, browz, v.t. and v.i. to feed on the sprouts
of plants :Pr.p. browsing ; Pa.p. browsed'.
ft., sProuts, or tender branches of plants, [old
Fr. bronser, Fr. brouterbrout, a sprout.]
Brain, brOoln, n. the brown animal ; a bear.
[Dutch, bruin, Ger. braun, brown.]
Braise, brOoz, v.t., to break or crush ; to reduce to
small fragments :Pr.p. bruising ; Pa.p. bruised'.
ft. a wound made by a heavy blow. [A.S.
brysan, Fr. briser, Celt, bris, to break.]
bralier, brtJOYer, ., one that bruises; a boxer.
Bruit, brTOt, n., something noised abroad; a rumour
or report.v.t. to noise abroad; to rumour:
pr.p. oruitlng ; bruit'ed. [Fr. bruitFr.,
It bruirtj low L. brugire, Gr. bruckS, to roar:
probably imitative like L. rugio, to roar.]
Brumal, brCo'mal, adj., relating to winter; the
season of the year when the days are shortest.
[L. bruma, for brevima, the shortest day in
winterbrevis, short.]
Brunette, brOo-nct', n. a woman with a brown or
dark complexion. [Fr., dim. from brun, brown.]
Brant, brunt, n. the heat or violence of an onset or
contention ; the force of a blow ; shock. [A.S.
brant, boilingbyman, to burn.]
Brush, brush, n. an instrument usually made of
bristles, twigs, or feathers, and used for remov
ing dust, &c ; brushwood ; a skirmish or encoun
ter ; the bushy tail of a fox.v.t. to remove dust,
&c, from anything by sweeping.v.t. to move
over lightly '.pr.p. brush ing ; Pa.p. brushed'.
fate, far ; me", her ; mine ;
Buddhism
[Fr. brosse. It. brusca, a brush ; Ger. bUrste,
brush, borste, old Ger. brusta, bristle.)
brushwood, brush'wood, n. rough brushlike bushes ;
a thicket.
Brusque, Brusk, broosk, adj. blunt, abrupt, rude.
[Fr. brusque, It. brusco, rude.] See Brisk
Brute, brCot, adj., dull ; stupid ; belonging to the
lower animals; rude ; savage.n. one ofthe lower
animals; an unfeeling, unreasonable man. [Fr.
brut, L. brutus, dull, irrational.]
brutal, brOoYal, adj., tike a brute; unfeeling; in
human.adv. brutally.. brutality,
bratalise, brCOtal-Tz, v.t., to make like a brute.
v.i. to become like a brute '.pr.p. brut'alTsing ;
Pa.p. brutalTsed.
brutish, broot'ish, adj., brutal: in B., unwise.
Babble, bubl, n. a bladder of water blown out with
air; anything empty; a cheating scheme.v.i.
to rise in bubbles :pr.p. bubbling ; Pa.p.
bubb led. [It. bubbola ; L. bulla : Dutch, bobbtl:
from the sound made by boiling water.]
inler, buk-a-neV, n. a pirate. [Fr.
, to smoke meatCarib, boucan, a grid
iron. The French settlers in the W. Indies cooked
their meat on a boucan, after the manner of the
natives, and were hence called boucaniert. ]
Buck, buk, j*. lit the butting animal ; the male of
the deer, goat, sheep, hare, and rabbit [A.S.
buc, bucca; W. bwck; Gael, hoc, a knock.]
Buck, buk, v.t. to soak or steep in lye, a process in
bleaching^:pr.j). and n. buck'ing ;pa.p. bucked'.
n. lye in which clothes are bleached. [Ger.
beuchen, buchen ; Dan. byge; Gael, bog, to steep :
also given from Ger. bucfie, the beech, because
lye was made of the ashes of the beech.]
buckthorn, buk'thorn, n. a shrub bearing a purg
ing berry, used in dyeing.
Backet, buk'et n. a small trough or tub ; a
vessel for holding water, &c. [Fr. baouet, dim.
from bac, a trough ; Dan. bak; Scot, backet.]
Buckle, buk'I, n. an instrument (orig. of a puffed out
appearance like a ckeek) for fastening dress, &c. ;
a curl ; hair in a crisped or curly state.v.t. to
fasten with a buckle ; to prepare for action.
v.i. to bend ; to engage with zeal '.Pr.p. buck'-
ling; Pa.p. buckled. [Fr. boucle; low L. in -
cula, dim. of bucca, a cheek.]
buckler, bulr/ler, n. a shield with a buckle or cen
tral boss. [Fr. bouclierlow L. bucculaJ]
Buckram, buk'ram, n. coarse linen cloth stiffened
with glue, and originally having open holes or
interstices.adj. made of buckram; stiff; pre
cise. [It. bucheramebuca, a hole.]
Buckwheat, buk'whit, n. lit beech wheat; a kind
of grain having three-cornered seeds like beech
nuts. [Scot buck, beech, and wheat; Ger.
buch-weitzenbUche, the beech.]
Bucolic, bu-kol'ik, adj. pertaining to the tending of
cattle; pastoral.n. a pastoral poem. [L. bueoti-
cut; Gr. boukolikosboukolos, a herdsmanbous,
an ox, and koleb, L. colo, to tend.]
Bud, bud, n. the germ or first shoot of a tree or
plant.v.i. to put forth buds ; to begin to grow.
V.t, to graft by inserting the bud of a plant
under the bark of another budding;
pa.p. budd'ed. [Ger. butze ; Dutch, bot.]
Buddhism, boodlzm, n. the religion of the greater
part of Central and Eastern Asia, so called from
a title of its founder, ' the Buddha,' * the wise.'
[Sans, budh, to know.]
mote ; mute ; xnCon ; Men.
 ' Buddhist Bundle
EuddhUt, bood'ist, w. a votary of Buddhism. Bull, bool, n. the bellerwer; the male of the ox
Budg, buj, v.i., to move offor stir; to wag '.pr.p. kind ; a sign of the zodiac, [low Ger. bolle,
budding; Pa.p. budged'. [Fr. bouger; Prov. bulle; Ger.bellen, A.S. bellan, bulgian, to bellow ;
L. bos; Gr. bousi from its roar.]
bojar, bolegar; It. buticare, to boil, to bubble.] bull-dog,
Budget, buj'et, w. a bag; a sack with its contents ; courage,bool'dog, n. a species of dog of great
formerly used for baiting bulls.
a store or stock ; a statement of the finances of bull-finch, bool'finch, n. a species offinch, with a
the British nation made by the Chancellor of the thick neck like a bull.
Exchequer. [Fr. bougette, dim. of old Fr. boge, bullock, bool'ok, . lit. a young bull; an ox or cas
a sack ; It. bolgia; L. bulga, a leathern bag trated bull. [A.S. bulluca, a calf, a young bull.]
Celt, bolg, a round body. Sec Bulge.] Bull, bool, m, orig. a bubble, seal, or stamp ; an
' u 3". an abbreviation of Buffalo.
Euffalo, buf*fa-l3, . a species of wild ox. [It. and edict of the Pope, which has his seal affixed; a
Sp. bufalo ; Fr. buffte ; L. bubalus ; Gr. bouba- contradictory story, or blunder. [Fr. bulle; It.
bolla ; low L. bulla, a seal, from L. butlat a
los; probably named from its cry.}
buff, buf, n. leather made from the skin of the buf- bulletin, boot le-tin, rounded
bubble, anything by art.]
n. lit. a little bull; an official
falo, &c ; the colour of buff; a light yellow. report of public news, having the seat or stamp
Buffat, buffet, . a buffor dull heavy blow ; a box, of authority. [Fr. ; It. bulletin**, dim. of bulla.)
slap, or blow.v.t. to strike with a buffor dull ballet, bool'let, n. a little bowl or ball; a ball of
heavy sound ; to box, slap, or blow ; to contend metal to load muskets, &c. with. [Fr. bouUt,
against :pr.p. buffeting ; P<*P- buffeted, [old dim. of bottle, a ballL. bulla.]
Fr. buffetbuffe, a blow ; Ger. puff, from buff, bullion, bool'yun, ft. orig. the office where the preci
formed from the sound of a blow.] ous metals were made into stamped money ; gold
buffer, buffer, *. a soft cushion to deaden the buff and silver regarded simply by weight as merchan
or concussion, as in railway carriages. dise. [Fr. billon, low L. buliio, a mass of gold
Buffet, buffet, . lit. the tap ofa tavern ; a kind of or silverL. bulla.]
cupboard. [Fr. buffet; buffeter, to broach, tap; Bully, bool'i, . a blustering, noisy, overbearing
bttffer, to puff, from the sound of taking out a fellow.v.i. to bluster.v.t. to threaten in a
cork, and letting in a puff of air.] noisy way :/r./. buU'yiag ; /a.p. bulfied.
Buffoon, buf-foTjn', n. lit one who amuses by Puff [Dutch, buLUren, Sw. butler, noise, clamour.]
ing out his cheeks and making grimaces ; one Bulrush, bool'rush, a large, strong rush, which
whose profession is to amuse others, by broad grows in wet land or water, [butt, in the sense
jests, ludicrous postures, &c. ; a clown. [Fr. of large, and rush.]
Itouffon; It. buffare, to puff, storm, jest.]
buffoonery, buf-fCOn'er-i, *. the practices of a buf Bulwark, bool'wark, ft. a work or defence originally
made of the boles or trunks of trees ; a bastion
foon ; ludicrous or vulgar jesting. or rampart ; any means of defence or security.
Bug, bug, n. lit. an object of terror; applied to [Ger. bollwtrk, Fr. boulevard, from root of Bole,
several species of insects, especially to one that trunk of a tree, and werk, work.]
infests houses, beds, &c. [W, btvg, a hobgoblin,] BumbalUff, bum'bal-if, n. an under-bailuT. [prob.
bugbear, bug'biir, an object ofterror, as a bear; a corruption of bound-bailiff.]
a scarecrow or hobgoblin. Bumble-bee, bunVbl-be*, n. a large kind of bee that
Bogle, bn'gl. Bugle-horn, bfl'gl-horn, n. lit. a buffle makes a bumming or humming sound; the
or buffalo, a musical wind-instrument originally humble-bee. [Dutch, bommete, hommcU bom-
made from buffalo-horn ; a long shining bead of men, to drum; L. bombio, to buzz, hum.]
black glass, [old Fr. bugle, buffle, the buffalo ; L.
bucula, a heifer; Fr. bugler, beugler, to bellow: Bomboat, bum'bot, n. a clumsy boat used for con
veying provisions, &c, for sale to vessels in port
prob. formed from the cry of the buffalo.] or offshore, [bum, the buttocks, and Boat.]
Build, bild, v.i. to raise a dwelling-place or house ; Bump, bump, v.t., to strike so as to give a dull
to exercise the art or trade of building ; to rest
or depend on.v.t. to raise or erect, as a house ; sound; to strike against.v.i. to make a loud,
to create or form ; to confirm or establish : heavy, bumped'.n.
or hollow noise bump'ing ; Pa.p.
a dull, heavy, blow; a thump; a
Pr.p. building;Pa.p. built, or build'ed.n. make ; lump caused by a blow; a swelling; the noise
figure, [old E. bylle; A.S. byldan ; Ger. bauen.] ofthe bittern, [low Dutch, bumsen ;W.pwmpior
builder, bild'er, ft., on* who builds, or wh to thump: from the sound of a blow.]
businessbild'ing,
building, is to build,
n. anything built ; a house ; the bumper, bump'er, n. a glass with liquor swelling
art of raising houses, &c. above the brim ; a crowded house,
bumpkin, bumplcin, n. one who does things in a
Bulb, bulb, n., a ball-like body; an onion-like root. thumping, abrupt, awkward manner ; a clown.
[L. bulbus; Gr. bolbas; Ger. bolle, butbe.}
bulb, bulb, v.i. to form bulbs:Pr.p. bulbing; Bun,cake, Bonn, bun, n. lit. a bumf or lump ; a small
pa.p. bulbed'.adjs. bulbed', bulb one, like a bulb, a smallor cake sweet bread. [Fr. bignJ, abump, beignetr
; Gael, bonnach; Scot, bannock.)
or having bulbs.
Bulge, bulj, n. lit. a swelling; the bilge or widest Bunch, bunsh, n.n. aa lump
bunion, bun'yun, on the great toe.
part of a cask.v.i. to swell out :Pr.p. and adj. number of things lump or hump; a heap; a
collected together.v.t. to
bulging : pa.p. butged'. [old E. bouge, a cask ; swell out or grow into a bunch.v.t. to form
A.5. baetg, byligbelgan, to swell; old Sw. into bunches, [old Sw. and Dan. bunke. Ice.
butgja ; W. btvlg, a round body.]
bulk, bulk, k. a bulge ; the entire mass or quantity ; bunchy, bunsh'i, adj. growing in orout.]
b&nki, a heapbungn, to swell full of bunches.
, size; the greater part, [a form of Bulge.]
bulky, bulk i, adj'., having bulk ; of great size; Bundle, bun'ill, n. something bound up; a number
of things loosely bound together ; a roDLv.t. to
large.n. bulk mesa
fute, fir ; me", her ; mine ; mate ; mute ; mOOn ; Men.
 Bung
tie or put Into a bundle :;fir.fi. bun'dling : fia.fi.
bun'dled. [A.S. byndelfrom the root of Bind.]
Bung, bung, . the stopper of the hole in a barrel ;
a large cork.v.t. to stop up with a bung ; to
stop up :fir.fi. bunging ; fia.fi. bunged', [old
Ger. bunge, a drum: from the hollow sound
made by driving in a bung.]
Bungle, bung'gl, n. anything clumsily done ; a
botch or blunder.v.t. to perform in a clumsy
way ; to make a mess of ; to botch.v.i. to act
in a clumsy or awkward manner :fir.fi. and
adj. bungling ; fia.fi. bungled. (Ice. bdngun,
rude art : from old Sw. banga, bunga, to strike.]
bungler, bung'gler, *. one who bungles; a bad
workman ; a clumsy awkward person.
Bunion. Sec under Bun.
Bunt, bunt, n. the bulging or swelling out part of a
sail ; the middle part or belly of a sail. [Sw.
bunt, Ger. bund, Dan. bundt, a bundle.]
Bunting, bunting, Buntine, buntin, n. a thin fiarti-
coloured woollen cloth of which ships' flags are
made. [Ger. bunt, Dan. bont, parti-coloured.]
Banting, bunting, n. a genus of birds allied to
finches and sparrows, remarkable for a knob in
the roof of the mouth. [Sw. bunt, a knob : or
Ger. bunt, parti-coloured, from their having many
small black spots.]
Buoy, bwoi, n. a floating cask or light piece of wood,
fastened by a rofie or chain to indicate shoals,
anchoring places, or the position of a ship's
anchor.v. t. to fix buoys or marks ; to keep
afloat^ bear up, or sustain.v.t. to float :fir.fi.
buoying ; fia.fi. buoyed'. [D. boey, boei, buoy,
fetter; old Fr. buie ; low L. boja, a chain.]
buoyant, bwoi'ant, adj. floating like a buoy; light ;
elastic ; cheerful.n. buoyancy.
Bur, bur, n. the prickly seed-case or head ofcertain
plants, which sticks to clothes likeaflock ofwool.
[Fr. bourre, flocks of wool ; It. borra, any kind
of stuffing ; low L. burra, a flock of wool.]
burdock, bur'dok, . a dock with a prickly head.
burr, bur, n. a huskiness in sounding the letter r,
as if aflock of wool were in the throat.v.t. to
speak with a burr.
Burbot, burt>ot, n. a fish like an eel, named from
its beards. [Fr. barboteL. barba, a beard.]
Burden, burlln, Burthen, burV/m, n. what is borne;
load ; weight ; cargo ; what is difficult to bear ;
anything oppressive.v.t. to load ; to oppress ;
to encumber :fir.fi. burdening ; fia.fi. bur
dened. [A.S. byrtnen, byrdenberan, to bear.]
burdensome, burUn-sum, adj. troublesome to be
borne; heavy; oppressive.
Bureau, bQ-rO^ or bQ'rG, n. a writing-table or chest of
drawers, ong. covered with dark cloth ; a room
where such a table is used ; a place for the trans
action of public business.//. Bureaux, bu-rO',
Bureaus, bQ-roz\ [Fr.old Fr. bure, dark brown,
a coarse woollen cloth ; L. bnmtst dark-red.]
bureaucracy, bu-rolcra-si, n. a government admin
istered by bureaus or departments, each under
the control of a chief.
Burgh, burrO, or burg, same as Borough.
burgage, burg'aj, n. a system of tenure in boroughs,
cities, and towns, by which the citizens hold
their lands or tenements.
burgess, buries, burgher, burg'er, n. an inhabitant
of a borough ; a citizen or freeman ; a M.P. for
a borough ; a magistrate of certain towns.
burgomaster, bu^go-mas-ter, . a burgh master;
fate, far ; mS, her ; mine ;
Bush
in Holland, Germany, &c, the chief magistrate
of a borough or city,
burglar, burglar, n. lit. a burg-robber; one who
robs or breaks into a house. [A.S. burg, and
old Fr. laire, L. latro, a robber.]
burglary, burg'lar-i, n., act of a burglar; breaking
into a house by night to rob.adj. burgla rious.
Burgundy, bui^gun-di, a French wine, so called
from Burguruiy in France, where it is made.
Burial. See under Bury.
Burlesque, bur-lesk', n. lit. a jesting, or ridiculing;
a ludicrous representation.adj., jesting; jocu
lar ; comical ; having the qualities of a burlesque.
v.t. to make a jest of; to ridicule; to turn
into burlesque :fir.fi. burlesquelng ; fia.fi. bur
lesqued'. [Fr. ; It. burlesco ; low L. burles-
ckus, x\i\rica\burlaret to jest, from a dim. of
L. burra, a flock of wool, a trifle.]
Burly, burli, adj., boor-like; bulky; boisterous.
n. burliness, [old E. boortly.] See Boor.
Burn, burn,on v.t.
fireto; consume, or injure
to be to feci excess n( by
heatfire.v.i.
:fir.fi.
burning; fia.t. and fia.fi. burned' or burnt.
. a wound, hurt, or mark caused by fire. [A.S.
byman, Ger. brennen, to burn.]
burner, burn'er, n. one who bums ; the part of a
lamp or gas-pipe from which the flame arises.
Burnish, burnish, v.t. lit to make brown ; to polish :
to make bright by rubbing.v.t. to become
bright :fir.fi. burn ishing ; fia.fi. burnished.n.
polish ; lustre. [Fr. brunir, It. brunire, to make
brown, from root of Brown.]
burnisher, burnlsh-er,., one that burnishes; a tool
employed in burnishing.
Burnt-offering, burnt'-of-er-ing, . something offered
and burned on an altar.
Burr. See Bur.
Burrow, burro, n. a hole in the ground dug by cer
tain animals for shelter and defence.v.i. to
make holes under ground as rabbits ; to dwell in
a concealed place :fir.fi. burrowing ; fia.fi.
burrowed. [A.S. beorg, beork, a hill or place of
safetybeorgan, to protect or shelter.]
Bursar, burs'ar, n. one who keeps the fiurse ; a trea
surer; in Scotland, a student maintained at a
university by funds derived from endowments.
[Fr. boursier; L. bursariusbursa, a purse.]
bursary, burs'a-ri, n. in Scotland, the allowance
paid to a bursar.
Bunt, burst, v.t., to break into pieces; to break
open suddenly.v.i. to fly open or break in
pieces ; to break out or away :fir.fi. bursting ;
fia.t. andfia.fi. burst.n. a sudden outbreak ; a
breaking up or out. [A.S. berstan, byrslan, Ger.
bersten, Sw. brista, to break.]
Burthen. See Burden.
Bury, ber'ri, v. t. , to hide in the ground ; to place a
dead body in the grave ; to hide or blot out of
remembrance fir.fi. bur'ying ; fia.fi. burled.
[A.S. birgan, to bury; Ger. bergen, to hide.]
burial, berl-al, n. the act of placing a dead body in
the grave.
Bosh, boosh, n., a thicket; a shrub thick with
branches ; a branch ; anything of tuft-like shape.
[old E. busk, Ger. busch, It. bosco, low L. bfscus.]
bushy, booshl, adj. full of branches; thick and
spreading.n. bush'tness.
Bush, boosh, the metal box or lining of any cylinder
in which an axle works. [Dutch, busse, Ger.
btichse, a box.]
mote ; mfite ; mtJOn ; Men.
 bushel
bushel, boosh'el, n. lit. a little box; a dry measure
for measuring grain, &c, containing 8 gallons.
Burin. Sec under Buy.
Bosk, busk, v. i. to prepare ; to dress \~pr.p. busV-
ing; Pa.p. busked'. [Ice. bua, to prepare.]
Buck, busk, n. orig. a bust or body garment ; the
piece of bone, wood, or steel in the front of a
woman's stays. [See Bust.]
Buskin, buslrtn, n. a kind of half-boot worn by
actors in tragedy, and made in ancient times
with high heels, [old Fr. brossequinlow I*
byrsa, leather.]
But, bust, n. the human body from the head to the
waist ; a piece of sculpture representing the upper
part of the body. [Fr. busteGer. brust, breast.]
Bustard, bustard, *. lit. the slew bird; a genas of
large, heavy birds of the ostrich family, and of
which the Great Bustard is the largest of Euro
pean land birds. [Sp. abutarda, avutarda ; L.
avis tarda, slow bird, from its slowness offlight]
Bustle, bus'l, v.t. lit. to busy one's self; to stir
quickly; to be active in one's motions:Pr.p,
bustling ; pa.p. bus'tled.n. hurry ; stir ; tumult,
[old . buskle, prob. from A.S. bysig, busy,
bysgian, to busy.]
Busy, biz"\, adj. lit engaged in the execution of
orders; fully employed : active, diligent ; active
in what does not concern one, meddling.v.t.
to make busy ; to occupy :pr.p. busying (biz/-
i-ing); Pap. busied (bixid).adv. busfly(bixi-li).
[A.S. oystg: perhaps conn, with Bid, to order.]
business, biz'nes, n. lit. state of being busy; employ
ment ; engagement ; trade ; profession ; one's
concerns or affairs ; a matter or affair.
busy-body, bil'i-bod-i, n. one busy about others*
affairs ; a meddling person.
But, but, Prep, or eonj. lit. be out; without; ex
cept; besides; only; yet; still. [A.S. butan,
withoutbe, and utan, out, without.]
But, but, n. the end. See Butt.
Butcher, booch'er, m. lit. a slaughterer of buds ;
one whose business is to slaughter animals for
food ; fig. one who delights in deeds of blood.
v.t. to slaughter animals for market ; to put to a
bloody death or kill cruelly '.Pr.p. butchering ;
Pa.p. butch/ered. [Fr. boucherbouc, the male
of the goat, &c, males being more usually killed
for food : some say from bouche, the mouth.]
botchery, booch'er-i, n. great slaughter ; carnage ;
a slaughter-house ; a meat-market.
Butler, butler, tt. lit. the bottle-bearer, or one who
has charge of the wine bottles; a servant who
has charge of the liquors, plate, &c.n. but'ler-
ibip. [Fr. bouteitlierbouteille, a bottle : also
given from buttery (which see).]
Butt, but, v.t. to strike with the head as goats, &c. :
Pr.p. butt'ing; Pa.p. butt'ed. [Fr. bouter, to
push ; It. bott, a blow ; W. pwtiaw, to butt.]
butt, but, n. lit. the striking end of a thing; the
thick end ; a mark to be shot at ; one who is
made the object of ridicule. [Fr. but, a mark.]
butt-end, but*-end, . the striking or heavy end;
the stump.
Butt, but, *. a large barrel or cask; a wine-butt =
126 gallons; a beer and sherry butt = 108 gal
lons. (It. and Fr. botte, Sp. bota, a wine-skin,
a wooden cask.]
buttery, bur/ter-i, . a store-room in a house chiefly
for drinkables kept in butts or other receptacles.
fate, fir ; me, her ; mine ;
cabinet-maker
Butter, but'ter, n. an oily substance made from
cream by churning.v.t. to spread over with
butter:pr.p. but'tering; pa.p. but'tered.-W/.
buttery. [A.S. buter; Ger. butler; L. butyrum;
Gr. boutyronbous, ox, tyros, cheese.]
buttercup, but/ter-kup, n. the popular name of a
common flower of a n^-shape, a species of crow
foot, the colour of which is like that of butter.
butterfly, bur/ter-fll, n, the name of an extensive
group of beautiful winged insects, so called from
the butter colour of one of the species.
Buttock, but'uk, n. the rump or protuberant part of
the body behind, [from butt, the end.]
Button, but'n, n., a knob of metal, bone, &c. used
to fasten the dress by means of a button-hole ;
the knob at the end of a foil.v.t. to fasten by
means of buttons '.pr.p. butt'oning ; Pa.p. butt
oned. [Fr. 'bouton, from bouter, to push : Gael.
putan, a button//*/, to push ; W. bottom, a
button.]
Buttress, but'tres, n. that which abuts from and
thus protects ; a projection from a wall, tower,
&c. to prevent them falling outward : a support.
v. t. to prop or support :pr.p. but'tressing ;
pa.p. buttressed . [See Abut. J
Buxom, huks'ni 11 , adj. orig. easilybowedto ono's will,
yielding, obedient; gay; lively; vigorous. [AS.
bocsum-~beogan, bugan, to bow, yield, and some.)
Buy, bl, v.t. to purchase for money ; to procure for
a price ; to bribe '.Pr.p. buy'ing ; pa.t. and Pa.p.
bought (bawr/). [A.S. byegan, Goth, bugj'an.]
buyer, bier, n.t one who buys; a purchaser.
Buzz, buz, v.t. to make a humming noise like beef
v.t. to spread bywhisperingreports :prp. buzz
ing; pa.p. buzzed', [from the sound.]
Buzzard, buz'zard, n. a bird of prey of the falcon
family. [Fr. busard, I* buteo.\
By,bl,prep.,atthesideo/; near to; through, denot
ing the agent, cause, means, &c. : in B., against,
respecting.adv., beside; near ; passing ; in pres
ence of; away. [AS. bi, big, Ger. bei, Sans. ab!u.\
by and by, adv. soon ; presently.
by-law, bi'-law, ft., a law aside; a private or sub
sidiary law; the law of a city, town, or private
corporation, [some say from Dan. by, a town.]
by-name, bl'-nam, . a nickname.
by-word, bi'-wurd, n. a common saying ; a proverb.
Cab, kab, . abbreviatedcfrom Cabriolet, which see -
Cab, kab, n. lit. hollow ; a Hebrew dry measure
nearly 3 pints. [Heb. kabkabab, to hollow.]
Cabala, kab'a-la, *. a secret science of the Jewish
Rabbis for the interpretation of the hidden sense
of Scripture. [Heb. kibbel, to hide.]
cabal, ka-bal', n. a small party united for some
secret design; the plot itself.v.t. to form a
party for a secret purpose ; to plot '.pr.p. cabal'-
ling ; pa.p. caballed'. [Fr. cabale.)
Cabbage, kab'aj, . a vegetable, the useful part of
which is its ftead. [Fr. caboche, II capuccio;
L. caput, the head.]
Cabin, kabln, ., a hut, or cottage ; a small room,
especially in a ship.v.t. to shut up in a cabi.i.
[Fr. cabane; W. cab, caban, arude little hut.]
cabinet, kabln-et, ., a little cabin; a small room
or closet ; a case of drawers for articles of value :
a private room for consultation bence Tbe
Cabinet, the ministers who govern a nation,
cabinet-maker, kab'in-ct-m5k 6r, n., a maker of
cabinets and other fine furniture.
mote ; mute ; mOOn ; Men.
53
 Cable Call
Cable, kaT>I, . a rope or chain which ties or holds with a folding top; a hood worn by ladies to
anything, especially a ship to her anchor. [Fr. ; protect their bonnets. [Fr. caUche; It. calesso;
It. cappio ; L. cafulum, a haltercapio, to hold.] Slav. k6lo, pi. kolesd, Russ. holesS, wheel.]
Caboose, ka-bOos', a /////* cabin; the kitchen Calcareous, Calcine. See under Calx.
or cooking-stove of a ship. [Ger. kabuse, a hut Calculate, kalTcu-lat, v.i. lit. to count by the help
prob. from root of Cabin. ]
Cabriolet, kab-ri-C-la'. n. a covered carriage with of small stones,- to reckon; to adjust.v.t. to
two or four wheels drawn by one horse, and make lating;
a calculation ; to estimate :Pr.p. car*cu-
Pa.p. calculated.adj. calculable. [L.
which has a capering motion like a goat. [Fr. calculocalculus, dim. of calx, a little stone.]
L. capra, a goat.] calculation, kal-kQ-la'shun, ., the art or process of
Cachlnuatlon, kak-in-na'shun, n.,loudlaughter. [L. calculating; estimate.
cachinno, to laugh loudlyfrom the sound.] csXc^\Xy%,\ijX\^A^x.'\y,adj.relaHngtocalculation.
Cocklo, kakl, the sound made by a hen or goose. calculator, kal'ku-lat-or, n., one who calculates.
v.i. to make such a sound '.Pr.p. cackling ; calculus, kal'kQ-lus, n. one of the higher branches
Pa.p. cackled'. [D. kaeckelenfrom the sound.] of mathematics.j*/. calculi, kalltu-ll.
Cacophony, ka-kof&-ni, n. a bad, disagreeable Caldron, kawl'dron, . a large kettle for boiling or
sound; discord of sounds. [Gr. kakos, bad, heating liquids. [L. caldariumcolidus, hot
phdni, sound.]adj. cacophonous. caleo, to grow hot.]
Cadaverous, ka-dav'er-us, adj. looking like a dead I Caledonian, kal-e-dfl'ni-an, adj. pertaining to Cale
body ; sickly-looking. [L. cadaver, a dead body donia or Scotland.
cado, to fall dead.]
Caddy, kad'di, n. a small box for holding tea. Calends, kal'endz, n. among the Romans, the first
[Chinese, catty, the weight of the small packets day of each month on which the holidays were
called. [L. calendae-calof Gr. haled, to call.]
in which tea is made up.] calendar, kal'en-dar, n. a register of the months;
Cade, kad, n. a barrel or cask. [ L. cadus, a cask.] an almanac : a listofcriminal causes fortrial. [L.
Cadence, k&'dens, n. lit. a falling; thefall of the calendaris, relating to the calendscalendae.]
oice at the end of a sentence ; tone, sound, Calender, kal'en-der, n. (a corruption of Cylinder) a
modulation. [Fr.L. cado, to fall.] press consisting of two rollers for smoothing and
Cadet, ka-d<_- 1', . lit. a little captain ; the younger dressing cloth.v.t. to dress in a calender '.Pr.p.
or youngest son ; in the army, one who serves as cal'endering ; pa.p. calendered. [Gr. kylindros
a private in order to become an officer ; a student kylindd, to roll.]
in a military school.n. cadet'ship. [Fr. cadet, Calf, kif, n. the young of the cow and ofsome other
formerly capdetlow L. capitettum, a little animals; a stupid, cowardly person; the thick
captain.] See Captain. fleshy part of the leg behind.//, calves. [A. S.
Caducous, ka-duTcus, adj.,falling early, as leaves cealf; Ger. kalb ; Goth, kalbo; Gael, colpa.]
or flowers. [L. caducuscado, to fall.] calve, kiv, v.i. to bring forth a calf :-Pr.p. call
Cawura, Ceeura, sC-rG'ra, . a syllable cut off at the ing ; Pa.p. calved'.
end of a word after the completion of a foot ; a Caliber, kal'i-ber, n. the size of the bore of a gun ;
pause ina verse. [L.caedo, caesum, to cut off.] diameter. [Fr. calibre, the bore of a gun; It.
adj. eara'nd. calibro; old Fr. qualibreL. qud librd, of what
Cage, kaj, n. lit. a hollow place; a place of con weight, hence applied to the diameter of the
finement ; a box made of wire and wood for bullet, which determined the diameter of the
holding birds or small animals. [Fr.; It. gabbia; gun : or from Ar. kalib, a model.]
L. cavea, a hollow place.] calibre, kaKi-ber, n., compass of mind ; kind.
cajole, ka-joT, v.t. orig. to allure into a cage like a calipers, kall-perz, caUper-compaiiea, kal'i-per-
bird ; to coax ; to cheat by flattery :Pr.p. cajol'- kum'-pas-sez, ., compasses with bent legs for
ing ; pa.p. cajoled'.ns. eajoler, ka-jOl'er, ca measuring the diameter of bodies.
jolery, ka-joTer-i. [Fr. eajolerold Fr. gaols Calico, kaKi-k8, n. cotton-cloth first brought from
caveola, dim. of L. cavea.] Calicut in the E. Indies-
Cairn, kSro, a heapofstones. [Celt, earn.] Calif, Caliph, kalif, orkal'if, n. the name assumed
Caitiff, ka'tif, n. orig. a captive: a mean despicable by the successors of Mahomet. [Turk, khalif;
fellow.adj. mean, base. [It. catttvo; L. caj}- Ar. hhalaf, to succeed.]
tivuscapio, to take.] caiifate, caliphate, kal'if-at, n, the office, rank, or
Cajole. See under Cage. government of a caliph.
Cake, kale, n. a piece of dough that Is baked or Callgraphy, Calligraphy, ka-lig/ra-fi, n., beautiful
coohed; a small loaf of fine Bread; any flattened hand-writing. [Gr. kalos, beautiful, graphi,
mass baked hard.v.t. to form into a cake or writinggraphs, to write.]
hard mass.v.i. to become baked or hardened : Callpen. See under Caliber.
pr.p. caking ; caked'. [Sw. haka ; Ger. Calisthenics, Callisthenics, kal-is-thenlks, n. exercises
kitchenhochen, L. coquo, to cook.]
Calabash, kal'a-bash, . a vessel made of a dried for the purpose ofpromotinggracefulness as well
as strength of body.adj. callsthe&'lc. [Gr.
gffurd-shcW ; thegourd. [Sp. calabaza, the gourd.] kalos, beautiful, sthenos, strength.]
Calamity, kal-aml-ti, n. lit. a storm that injures the Callx. Sec Calyx.
reeds or stalks of com ; a great misfortune ; Calk, kawk, v.t. to stuff (asifpressed with thefoot)
affliction. [Fr. calamitc"; L. calami/ascala oakum into the seams of a ship to make it water
mus, Gr. kalamos, a reed : or cadamitas tight; to roughen a horse's shoes to keep it from
cado, to fall.]adj. calamitous. slipping '.Pr.p. calking ; pa.p. calked'. [L. cal-
calamus, kal'a-mus, f>. an Indian sweet-scented grass. care,
Calaah, fta-lash', n. a light \ow-ivheeled carriage Call, kawl, tread
to under footcalx, the heel.]
v.i. to cry aloud ; to make a short visit.
fate, far; me, her; mine; mote; mute; mOCn; Men.
54
 calling
v.t. to name : to summon ; to appoint or pro
claim:/r./. call'ing; Pa^p. called'.n. a sum
mons or invitation ; an impulse ; a demand ; a
short visit ; a shrill whistle ; the cry of a bird.
(A.S. ceallian, L. calo, Or. haled, to call.]
calling, kawl'ing, n. that to which a person is
called upon to devote his attention ; trade ;
profession ; occupation.
Callosity, kal-Wi-ti, n. a hard swelling on the skin
with no feeling, [h.callositascallus, hardskin.]
callous, kallus, adj., hardened; insensible ; un
feeling.adv. caTlonaly.n. callousness.
Callow, kal'O, adj*, bald; not covered with feathers ;
unfledged. [A.S. calo, D. kaluwe, L. cahms.)
Cahn, kim, adj\ still, as in noonday heat ; free from
wind ; undisturbed ; collected.n. absence of
wind ; repose; serenity.v.t. to make calm;
to quiet :pr.p. calm'ing ; Pa*p. calmed'.adv.
calmly.n. ealm'nesm, [Fr. calme ; low L. cattma,
Gr. kauma, noonday heatkaio, to bum.]
Calomel, kal'o-mel, n. a preparation of mercury
much used as a medicine ; the white sublimate
got by the application of heat to a mixture of
mercury and corrosive sublimate, which is black.
[Gr. kalos, fair, melas, black.]
Calorie, ka-lorik, n.,heat; the supposed principle or
cause of heat. [L. calor, heatcaleo, to be hot.]
calorific, kal-or-ifik, adj., causing heal ; heating.
[L. calor, andfacta, to make.}n. ealortflca'tlon.
Calotype, kafO-tTp, n. lit a beautifulimage ; a kind
of photography. [Gr. kalos, beautiful, typvs,
an image.]
Calumny, kal'um-ni, n. false accusation ; srandcr.
[L. calumnia.~\
calumniate, ka-lum'ni-at, v.t. to accuse falsely; to
slander.v.i. to spread evil reports :/r./.
calum'niating ; pa.p. calum'niated.ns. calum'-
nlatlon, calum niator,
calumnious, ka-lum'ni-us, adj. of the nature of
calumny ; slanderous,adv. calam'nlouly.
Calve. See under Calf.
Calvinism, kalVin-izm, n. the doctrines of Calvin,
an eminent religious reformer of 16th century.
Calvtnlst, kal'vin-ist, n. one who holds the doctrines
of Calvin.
Calvlnlftlc, kal-vin-ist'ik, Calvlnlrtlcal, kal-vin-isrt-
kal, adj. pertaining to Calvin or Calvinism.
Calx, kalks, n., chalk or lime; the substance of a
metal or mineral which remains after being sub
jected to violent heat.//. Calx**, kauVsez, or
Calces, kaFsex. [A.S. calc, cealc, chalk ; L. calx,
limestone ; Gr. chalix.]
calcareous, kal-ki'rff-us, adj. like or containing
chalk or lime. [L. calcarius, from calx.}n.
calca reottmeu.
calcine, kal-sln', v.t. to reduce to a calx or chalky
powder by the action of heat.v.i. to become a
calx or powder by heat :/"./. calcln'ing ; pa.p.
and adj. calcined'.n. calclna'tlon.
calcography, kal-kog'ra-fi. n. lit. chalk-writing; a
style of engraving like chalk-drawing.-adj.
calcographleaL I L . calx, and Gr. graphi, writing
graphs, to write.]
Calyx, Calix, kal'iks, or kaliks, n. the outer cover
ing or cup of a flower.//. Cal'yxca, Cal yces, or
Cil ices. [L. ; Gr. kalyxkalyptd, to cover.]
Cambric, kam'brik, n. a kind of fine white linen, ori
ginally manufactured at Cambray in Flanders.
Came, kamdid comepast tense of Come.
Camel, kam'el, n. lit. the bearer; an animal ofAsia
filte, far ; me*, her ; mine ;
channel
and Africa with one or two humps on its back,
used as a beast of burden and for riding. [AS.
camell, old Fr. camel, It. catnello, L. camelus,
Gr. kamilos, Hcb.gamal, Sans, kramela; prob.
from Ar. chamal, to bear.]
camelopard, kam-el o-pard, or kam'el-o-plrd, n. lit.
the camel-panther; the giraffe. [L. camehpar-
dalis ; Gr. kamilos, and pardalis, the panther.]
camelot, kam'd-lot, n. a cloth originally made of
camel's hair, but now chiefly of wool and goat's
hair. [Fr. ; It. cambelotto, old It. camelotto
I . camelus.]
Camellia, ka-mel'ya, n. a species of evergreen
shrubs, natives of China and Japan, [named
from Camelli, a Spanish Jesuit, said to have
brought it from the East.]
Cameo, kam'-3. n. a gem orPrecious stone, carved
in relief. [It. cammeo; Fr. camie; low L.
cammarusL. gemma, a precious stone.]
Camera, kam'er-a, n. lit a chamber; an instrument
for throwing the images of external objects on
a white surface placed within a dark chamber or
box. [L.]
camerated, kam'er-2t-cd, adj., chambered ; divided
into chambers; arched or vaulted.
Camlet, kam'let, the more usual spelling ofcamelot.
Camomile. See Chamomile.
Camp, kamp, n. lit a plain or field; the ground
on which an army pitch their tents ; the tents
of an campling
army.v.i. to encamp or pitch[AS.,
tents:
Pr.p. ; Pa.p. camped'. Fr.
camp, a camp ; It campoL. campus, a plain.]
campaign, kam-pan', n. a large openfield or plain;
the time during which an army keeps the held.
v.i. to serve in a campaign :/r./. campaign
ing ; pa.p. campaigned'. [Fr. campagne; It.
campagna. from L. campus.)
campaigner, kam-pan'er, n. one who has served
several campaigns.
campestral, kam-pes'tral, adj. growing in or per
taining tofields. [L. campestris, from campus.l
Campaniform, kam-pan'i-form, Campanulate, kam-
pan'u-Ut, adj., in theform ofa bell, applied to
flowers. [It. campana, a bell, andform.)
campanology* kam-pan-ol'o-ji, n. a discourse on, or
the science of, bells or bell-ringing. [It. campana,
a bell, and Gr. logos, a discourse.]
Camphor (in B., Camphtrel, kam'for, n. the white,
solid juice of the laurel-tree of India, China, and
Japan, having a bitterish taste, and a pleasant
smelL [Fr. camphre, It. can/bra, low L. cam-
phora, Hind, kapntr, Malay, kapura.}
camphorated, kam'for-5t-ed, adj. impregnated with
camphor.
camphoric, kam-for'ik, adj. pertaining to camphor.
Can, kan, v.i. orig. to know; to be able ; to have
sufficient power. [A.S. can, know, is able ; A.S.
cunnan, Goth, kunnan, Scot, ken, to know ;
Ger. kSnnen, to be able.] See Know.
Can, kan, n. a vessel for holding liquor, originally
made of the stem of a reed. [A.S. canne; L.
canna, a reed, a vessel ; Gr. kanni, a reed.]
Canal, ka-nal', n. lit. a channel or water-/*/* ; a
channel or passage for water, made by art ; a
duct in the body for any of its fluids. [L. canalis,
a water-pipe, from canna, a reed, a pipe.]
channel, chan'nel, . the bed of a stream of water ;
the deeper part of a strait, bav, or harbour; a
strait or narrow sea ; means ot passing or con
veying. [L. canalis."]
mote ; mute ; mtJDn ; r7:en.
ss
 Canary Canopy
Canary, ka-n3'ri, n. a wine, from the Canary frame with branches for holding lights. [Fr. ; It.
Islands ; a bird orig. from the Canary Islands." candelliereL. candela.]
Cancel, kan'sel, v.t. lit. to make cross-bars like chandler, chandler, . orig. a candle maker and
dealer; a dealer generally. [Fr. chandelier.}
lattice-work; to cross a writing with lines; to chandlery, chandler-i, n. goods sold by a chandler,
cross or blot out ; to annul, or suppress :fir.fi. cannel-coal, kan'nel-kfll, candle-coal, kan'dl-kol, n.
cancelling ; fia.fi. can'cellcd.n. the act ofcan
celling; the part of a work suppressed or altered. abright very hard, black kind of coal that burns with a
flame ; so called because used by the
[Fr. canceller; L. cancello, from cancelli, dim. poor for candles.
of cancer, a lattice.] Candour. See under Candid.
cancellated, kan'scl-lat-ed, adj. crossed by bars or
lines. Candy, kan'di, n. crystallised sugar; anything pre
chancel, chan'sel, n. the part of a church where the served in sugar.vd. to preserve or dress with
altar is placed, formerly enclosed with lattices, sugar ; to congeal or crystallise as sugar.v.i. to
but now with rails, [old Fr.L. cancelli, become congealed as sugar :Pr.fi. can'dying ;
lattices.] fia.fi. can'died. [Fr. candir. It. candirt; from
chancellor, chan'sel-lor, n. the president of a court Ar. and Pers. gand, sugar.]
of chancery or other court.n. chancellorship. Cane, kiln, n. lit. a reed, as the bamboo, &c. ; a
[Fr. chancelierL. cancelli, the cross-bars that walking-stick.v.t* to beat with a cane :fir.fi.
surrounded the judgment-scat] caning ; fia.fi. caned'. [L. carina, Gr. kanna.]
Chancery, chan'ser-i, . the highest court ofjustice cany, kan'i, adj. full of or made of canes.
next to the parliament, presided over by the Lord canister, kanls-ter, n. lit. a cane or vnckcr-basket ;
High Chancellor. (Fr. chancelleries a box or case, usually of tin. [Fr. canistre,
Cancer, kan'ser, n, a crab ; a sign of the zodiac ; L. canistrum, Gr. hanistronkanna.]
an eating, spreading tumour or canker, supposed Canine, ka-nln', adj. like or pertaining to the dog.
to resemble a crab. [A.S. cancer, cancre; L. [Fr. canin, L. caninus, from canis, a dog.]
cancer; Gr. karkinos; Sans, karkata, a crab.]
caneerate, kan'ser-at, v.t. to grow into a cancer or Canker, &c. See under Cancer.
Cannel-coal. Sec under Candle.
tumour:fir.fi. can'cerating ; fia.fi. can'ccrSted. Cannibal, kanni-b.il, n. one who eats human flesh.
canceratlon, kan-ser-L'shun, n. a growing into a adj. relating to cannibalism, [a corr. of Cari-
cancer or tumour. bales (English, CaHbbees), the native name of
cancerous, kan'ser-us, adj. of or like a cancer. the W. India islanders, who ate human flesh :
cancrlform, kanglcn-form, adj., crab-like; can prob. changed into a word expressive of their
cerous. character, from L. canis, a dog.]
canker, kangTccr, n. a cancer; small sores in the cannibalism, kan'ni-bal-ism, n. the practice of eating
mouth ; a disease in trees, or in horses' feet ;
anything that corrupts or consumes.v.t. to eat human flesh.
into, corrupt, or destroy; to infect or pollute. Cannon, kan'un, n. lit. a large cane, reed, or pipe ;
v.i. to grow corrupt; to decay :fir.fi. canker a metal cylinder for throwing balls, &c, by the
ing ; fia.p. cankered, [same as L. cancer, orig. force of gunpowder; a great gun. [Fr. canon;
pronounced canker.] It. cannone; from L. canna, a reed.] See Cane,
eankerou, kangTtcr-us, adj. corroding like a canker. cannonade, kan-un-ad', n. an attack with cannon.
canker-worm, kangTcer-wurm, n. a worm that vd. to attack or batter with cannon :fir.fi.
cankers or eats into plants. cannonading; fia.fi. cannonad'ed.
Candelabrum. Sec under Candle. cannonler, cannoneer, kan-un-eV, n. one who man
Candid, kan'did, adj. lit. while, shining; fair; Cannot, ages cannon.
sincere ; free from prejudice ; frank.adv. caa'- Canoe, ka-nCO', kan'not, v.i. to be unable. [Can, and Hot.]
dldly.n. can'dldness. [Fr. candide; L. candidus of a tree, or .ofa bark boat made ofthe hollowed tnink
<andeo, to shine.] or skins. [Fr. canot, Sp.
candour, kan'dur, n. lit. a dazzling whiteness; canoacanaoa, a Carib word.]
freedom from prejudice or disguise ; sincerity ; Canon, kan'un, . lit. a measuring-cane; a law or
openness. {L. candor, from candeo.] rule, esp. in ecclesiastical matters ; the genuine
candidate, kan'di-dat, n. lit. one clothed in white ; books of Scripture, called the sacred canon ; a
one who offers himself or is proposed for any dignitary of the Church of England ; a list of
office or honour, so called because, at Rome, saints canonised ; a large kind of type. [A.S.,
the applicant used to wear a white dress.n. Fr.. L. canon ; Gr. kandnkanna, a reed ]
caa'dldatoahlp. [L. candidalus, from candidus.] canonic, ka-non'ik, canonical, ka-non'ik-al, adj.
Candle, kan'dl, n. lit. something- shining; wax, tal according to or included in the canon; regular ;
low, or other like substance surrounding a wick ; ecclesiastical.adv.
low L. canonicalis.]
canon lc&lly. [ L. canonicus,
a light, fA.S. candel; Fr. chandelle; L. candela, canonicals, ka-non'ik-alz, n. the official dress of tho
from candeo, to shine.] clergy, regulated by the canons of the church,
candlestick, kan'dl-stik, n. an instrument for hold canonlclty, kan-un-is'i-ti, n. the state of belonging to
ing a candle, orig. a stick or piece of wood. the canon or genuine books of the Scripture,
Candlemas, kan'dl-nias, n. lit. the candlefeast; a canonist, kan'un-ist, . one versed in the canon
festival of the R. Catholic Church in honour of law.adj. can onistic.
the purification of the Virgin Mary, on the 2d of canonise,
Fcby., and so called from the number of candles list of saints '-fir.fi. canonisingin; fia.fi*
kan'un- 1/, v.t. to enrol the canon or
can'on-
used, [dandle, and Kan.] Ised.n. canonisation,
candelabrum, kan-de-LVbrum, n. lit. a candle- canonry, kan'un-ri, . the benefice of a canon.
bearer; a branched and ornamented candle
stick.pi. candel* Dim. [L. ; from cantfela,] Canopy, kan'o-pi, n. lit. a couch with mosquito
chandelier, shan-de"-leV, n. lit. a candlestick ; a curtains; a covering over a couch, bed, &c., or
fSte, far ; me, her ; mine ; mote ; nunc ; mOon .; then*
56
 Canorous oaptain
overhead.v./. to cover with a canopy :/r.j>. Capable, kap'a-bl, adj., able to seize or compre
can'opying; Pa.p. can'opied. [old E. canapie, hend; having ability, power, or skill to do;
Fr. canape", old Fr. conopi, L. conopeum, Cr. qualified for. [Fr.L. capio, to take or seize.}
kdndpeionkortops, a mosquito.] n. capability.
Canorotu. ka-nO'rus, adj., musical; melodious. [L. capacious, ka-pa'shi-us, adj., holding; including
canorus, from canor, melodycarta, I sing.] much; roomy; wide; extensive. [L. capax,
Cant, kant, v.i. lit. to singor whine ; to talk in an capaciscapio, to take.]adv. eapa'cioaaly.
n. cape'etoumesm.
affectedly solemn or hypocritical way '.Pr.p. capacitate,
canting ; pa.p. cant'ed.n. *sing-songor whine; ka-pas'i-tiit, v.t., to make capable; to
a hypocritical style of speech ; the language qualify :pr.p. capacitating ; Pa.p. capacitated.
peculiar to a sect. [L. cantocane, to sing. ] capacity, ka-pas'i-ti, n. power ofholding or grasp
canticle, kan'ti-kl, n. lit. a little song; a song :in ing a thing ; power of mind ; room ; character ;
the Song of Solomon. [L. canticulum, dim. occupation.
of cantteam, from canto.] Caparison, Capo, of a coat. See under Cap.
canto, kan'tO, n. lit. a song; division of a song or Cape, kap, n. a head or point of land running into
poem; the treble or leading melody. the sea; a headAand. [Fr. cap; It. capo; L.
Cant, kant, n. lit. an edge or comer; an inclination caput, the head.]
from the level ; a toss or jerklv.t. to turn on , Caper, ka'per, n. the flower-bud of the caper-bush, *
the edge or corner; to tilt or incline ; to toss or used for pickling.
thrust suddenly 'Pr.p. cant'ing; Pa.p. cant'ed. pan's; Ar. al-kabar;[FnSans, capre; L. and Gr. cap-
caphari, ginger.]
[old Fr. cant, It. canto, L. canthus, an edge ; Caper, ka'per, v.i. to leap or skip like a goat; t
Gr. kanthos, corncrofthe eye ; W. cant, a border, j dance in a frolicsome manner :~pr.p.
canton, kan'tun, n. lit. a corner or partition ; a ca'pering ; Pa.p. ca'percd.n. a leap ; and adj.
a spring.
small division of territory ; also, its inhabitants; [Fr. cabrer, to prance ; L. caper, a goat.]
a division of a shield or painting.v.t. to divide capriole, kap'ri-ol, ., a caper; a leap without
into cantons ; to allot quarters to troops '.pr.p. advancing. [Fr. cabriole; old Fr. capriole
can'toning; Pa.p. cantoned. [Fr. canton, It. L. caper, capra, a goat.]
cantonecanto, a corner.]
cantonal, kan'tun-al, adj. pertaining to or divided Capillary, kap'il-la-ri, or ka-pMa-ri, adj. as fine or
into cantons.. cantonment, the quarters of minute as a hair; having a very small bore, as
troops in a town. a tube.n. a tube with a bore as fine as a hair;
Canteen, kan-ten', . a tin vessel used by soldiers in and
pi. the minute vessels that unite the veins
arteries in animals. [L. capillariscapillut*,
for holding liquors ; a barrack-tavern. [Fr.
confine; It. cantina, a bottle case, a cellar, hair, akin to caput, the head.]
from canovettina, dim. of canova, a cellar.] Capital, kap'it-al, adj. relating to the head; head;
Canter, kan'ter. . an easy gallop.v.i. to move at chief; principal; important.adv. cap itally. [L.
an easy gallop.v.t. to make to canter '.Pr.p. capital,capitaliscaput, the head.]
can'tenng ; Pa.p. can'tercd. [orig. Canterbury- columnkap'it-al, n. the head or top part of a
gallop, from the easy pace at which the pilgrims thing or pillar; the chief or most important
rode to the shrine at Canterbury.] ; the chief city of a country ; a large letter ;
Cantharldw, kan-tharf-der, n.pl. lit. beetles; capitalize, the money for carrying on any business.
Spanish flics, used for blistering. [L. cantharis, ' ormoncykap'it-al-Iz, v.t., to convert into capital
'.Pr.p. cap'italTsing ; Pa.p. cap'itaflscd.
cantharides, Gr. Mantharis.] capitalist, Icapit-al-ist, one who has capital or
Canticle, Canto. See under Cast, to sing. money.
Canvas, kan'vas, n., hempen cloth ; a coarse cloth chapiter, chap'i-tcr, n. the head or capital of a
made of hemp, used for sails, tents, &c, and for column. [Fr. chapitellow h. capitellum, dim.
painting on; the sails ofa ship. [Fr. canevas, It. of L. caput.]
canavaccio, L. cannabis, Gr. kannabis, hemp.]
canvaea, kan'vas, v.t. lit. to sift through canvas; capitation, kap-it-a'shun, . a numbering of every
to examine ; to discuss ; to solicit votes.v.i. to head or individual ; a tax on every head. [L.
capitatiocaput, the temple
head.] of Jupiter at Rome
seek or go about to solicit :pr.p. can'vassing ; Capitol, kaprit-ol, n. the
pa.p. can'vasscd.n. close examination; a seed built on the top of a hill ; in the U.S. the house
ing or solicitation.n. ctn'vaaeer. where Congress meets. [L. Capitoliumcaput.]
Canzonet, kan-zfl-ner', n. a little or short song. [It. chapter,
canzonetta, dim. of canzone, a song ; from L. a corporation of clergymenorbelonging
chap ter, n. a head division of a book ;
to a cathe
cantocano, to sing.]
Caoutchouc, koT/chook, n. the highly elastic juice of some society or fraternity. organised
dral or collegiate church ; an
[Fr.
branch
chapitre
or gum of a plant which grows in S. America L. capitulum. dim. of caput.]
and Asia ; India rubber. [S. American.] capitular, ka-pirQ-lar, capitulary, ka-pit'u-lar-i, n. a
Cap, kap, . a covering for the head ; a cover ; the head as chapter ; a statute passed in a chapter
top. v.t. to put <ma. cap; to cover the end or top: or ecclesiastical court ; a member of a chapter.
pr.p. capp'ing; Pa.p. capped'. [AS. ca-ppe ; adj. relating to a chapter in a cathedral ; belong
Fr. cape ; Ger. kappe ; Gr. skepo, to cover. ] ing to a chapter.adv. caplt'iUarly.
cape, kap, n. a covering for the shoulders attached capitulate, ka-pit'u-lat, v.i. to agree to certain heads
to a coat or cloak ; a cloak, or conditions; to surrender on treaty. v.t. to
caparison, ka-par'i-sun, n. the covering ofa horse ; yield or give up on conditions :Pr.p. capit'fllat-
a rich cloth laid over a war-horse.v.t. to cover mg ; Pa.p. capit'Qlated.n. capitulation.
with a cloth, as a horse ; to dress very richly captain, kap'tan, or kap'tin, n. a head or chief
pr.p. caparisoning; Pa.p. capar'isoned. [Fr. . officer ; the commander of a troop of horse, a
caparacon ; Sp. caparazon, augmentative of company ofinfantry, or a ship, [Fr. capitaine ;
capa, a cape, cover.] It. capitanoL. caput, the head.]
fate, far; mi, her; mine ; mOte; mute; moTJn; then.
57
 captaincy Card
captaincy, kap'tan-si, or kap'tin-si, n. the rank or carry, kar'ri, v.t. to convey on a car; to bear ; to
commission of a captain* lead or transport ; to effect ; to behave or de
Capon, k.Vjm, . a young cock cut or castrated. mean..i. to convey or propel as a gun :/r./.
[A.S. capun; Fr. chaPon; L. capo ; Gr. kapun carrying ; Pa.p. carried. [Fr. charrierchar.]
Atftt, to cut : Ger. kappkahnhappen, to cut.] carriage, karrij, act, or cost of carrying; a
Caprice, ka-pres', n. a sudden start of the mind like cargo, vehicle for carrying ; behaviour ; in B., baggage,
the start of a goat ; a chance of humour or [Sp., kaVgo. n. what a ship carries; its load.
Fr. charger, to loadchar.]
opinion without reason ; a freak. [Fr. caprice; cart, kart, ft. a car or carriage; a carriage with
It. capriccioi perhaps from copra, a goat] two wheels for conveying heavy loads. v.t. to
capricious, ka-prish'us, adj. full oicaprice; change convey in a cart '.Pr.p. carding; pa.p. cart'ed.
able.adv. capri cioualy.n. caprl'ciouines*. [Fr. charret : Celt cartcdr.]
Capricorn, kap'ri-korn, n. one of the 'signs of the cartage, kart'aj, n. the act or cost of carting,
zodiac, like a homedgoat. [L. capricornus carter, kart'er, n. one who drives a cart,
caper, a goat, cornu, a horn.] chariot, char't-ot, n. orig^ a war-car; a four-wheeled
Capriol*. See under Caper. pleasure or state carnage. [Fr.char.]
Capaixe, kap-sir/, v.t. to upset:Pr.p. capsizing; charioteer, char-i-ot-eV, n. one who drivesa chariot
Pa.p. capslred'. [perh. from cap, top, head (L. Carabine, kar'a-bln, Carbine, kaVbtn, n. a short
caput), and 8elze, because it is properly to move light musket [Fr. carabinecarotin, old Fr.
a hogshead or other vessel forward by turning it calabrin, a carbineercaiabre, a machine for
alternately on the heads-] casting stones, the name being transferred to the
Capstan, kap/stan, . lit. the standing goat; an musket
upright machine turned by spokes so as to wind carabineer,after the invention of gunpowder.]
kar-a-bin-er7, carbineer, kar-bin-eV, n. a
upon it a cable which draws something, gener soldier armed with a carbine.
ally the anchor, on board ship. [Fr. cabettan ; Caracole, kar'a-kOl, . a turning about; the half-
Sp. cabrestantecobra, L. caPra, a goat, and turn which a horseman
stans, standing, the name of the goat being p. ". to turn half round,makes ; a winding stair.
applied to battering-raw, machines Tor casting Pr.p. car'acoling ;/a.j*.ascar'acOled. cavalry in wheeling :
[Fr. car
stones, raising weights, &c]
Capsule, kap'sul, n., a little case; the seed-vessel acole; A.S.
Sp. caracof, the spiral-shell of a snail;
cerran, to turn ; Gael, car, carach, winding.]
of a plant ; a small dish. [L. capsula, dim. of Carat, karat, n. lit. a seed or bean ; a weight of 4
capsa, a case. ]
capsular, kap'sGl-ar,
hollow like a capsule ; pertaining kap'sfll-ar-i, adj. grains
to a capsule.
; i-a4th part ofpure gold. [Fr. ; Ar. girat;
Gr. keraiion, a seed or bean used as a weight]
See under Capital. Caravan, kar'a-van, n. a company of traders; a
, kap'shun, n. the act of taking; an arrest curity company of travellers associated together for se
[L. captwcapio, to take.] in crossing the deserts in the East ; a large
close carriage. [Fr. caravane; Pers. kAtivan.]
captious, kap'shus, adj. ready to catch at faults or caravansary,
take offence ; critical ; peevishadv. cap'tloualy. van's-ra, n.kar-a-van'sa-ri, caraTansera, kar-a-
lit caravan-inn; a kind of unfur
. cap'tlonmaos, [L. captiosuscaptio.] nished inn where caravans stop. [Pers. kdrwdn-
captive, kap/tiv, n. one taken ; a prisoner of war ; sariUkdrvidn, caravan, sardi, inn.]
one kept in bondage.adj., taken, or kept Carbine, Carbineer. See Carabine.
prisoner in war ; charmed or subdued by any
thing.n. captivity. [h.captivuscapio,captus.] Carbon, karbon, n. lit. coal; pure charcoal, [Fr.
captivate, kap/ti-vSt, v.t. lit. to take or make cap charbonL. carbo, coal.]
tive, so in B. ; to charm ; to engage the affec carbonaceous, kar-bon-2'she-us, carbonic, kSr-bon'ik,
tions iPr.p. cap'tivating ; Pa.p. cap'tivuted. adj. pertaining to or composed of carbon,
[L. captive, captivatuscaptivus-J carboniferous, kar-bon-ifer-us, adj. , producing car
captivating, kap'ti-vat-ing, adj. having power to bon or coal. [L. carbo, andfero, to produce.]
engage the affections. [prize, carbonise, kar'bon-Tz, v.t. to make into carbon:
eaptor, kap'tor, n. one who takes a prisoner or a Pr.p, carTx>nlsing ; pa.p. car/bonTsed.
capture, kap'tur, n. the act of taking ; the thing carbuncle, kaVbung-kl, n. lit a small live coal ; a
taken : an arrest.v. t. to take as a prize ; to fiery red precious stone ; an inflamed ulcer. [L.
take by force '.pr.p. cap'tOring ; Pa.p. cap'- carbunculus, dim. of carbo.]
tUred. [Fr. capture; L. capturacapio, captus.] carbuncled, kaVbung-kld, adj. set with the stone
Capuchin, kap-Q-sheh', a heoded-clozk for carbuncle ; kir-bungTcG-lar,
spotted,
females ; a hooded-friar ; a hooded-pigcoa. (Fr. carbuncular, adj. belonging to or
resembling a carbuncle ; red ; inflamed.
capucincapuce, a capouch or hood.]
Carcanet, kaVka-net,
Car (old form Carr), kAr, n. a small vehicle moved [Fr. carcan; low L. carcanum; n. a ring; a collar of jewels.
on wheels, [Fr. char; old Fr. car. char; L. L. circinus;
carnts ; Celt cdr; conn, with Ger. harre.] Gr. iirkinaskirkos, a circle. ]
career, lca-reV, n. lit a car-road; a race; speed; Carcass, Carcase, kaVkas, n. the case or body of an
course ; course of action.v.t. to move or run animal; a dead body; the framework of any
rapidly \-Pr.p. career'ing ; Pa.p. careered'. [Fr. thing; a kind of bomb-shell. [Fr. carcasseL.
carriere, old Fr. charrierechar.) caro, flesh, capsa, a case, chest]
carpenter, kaVpen-ter, n. lit a maker of cars, or Card, kard, n. a piece ofPaper; a piece of paste
carriages; a worker in timber as used in build board marked with figures for playing a game, or
ing houses, ships, &c. [Fr. charpentier, old Fr. with a person's address upon it; anote. [Fr. carte;
carpentier, L. carpentariuscarpentum, a car, h. charta,
from root of Car.}n. carpentry, kar'pen-tri, the Card, k&rd, n.Gr.anchartis, paper.]
instrument for combing wool or
trade or work of a carpenter. flax.v. t. to comb wool, &c :pr.p. card'ing ;
fate, far ; m, her ; mine ; mote ; mute ; moon ; /Aen.
 Cardiac Cartoon
Pa.p. card'ed. [Fr. carde; It. cardoL. carduus, carnivorous, kar-niv'tV-rus, a4j'., flesh-eating. [L.
a thistle.] caro, carnis, flesh, voro, to eat.]
Cardiac, kar'di-alc, CaxdiacaJ, kar-dfak-al, adj., be Carol, kar'ol, n. lit. a choral dance; a song accom
longing to the heart; cordial; reviving. [L. panying a dance ; a song of joy or praise.v.i.
cardiacus; Gr. kardiakoskardia, the heart.] to sing a carol ; to sing or warble.v.t. to praise
Cardinal, kaVdin-al, adj. denoting that on which or celebrate in song '.pr.p. carolling ; Pa.p.
a thing hinges or depends ; principal.. a car'olled. [old Fr. carole; It, carola, dim. of
dignitary in the R. C. Church next to the pope ; L. chorus, a choral dance.]
a short cloak. [L. cardinaliscardo, a hinge.] Carotid, ka-rotld, adj. relating to the two great
cardinalate, kar'din-al-at, cardinalaMp, kaVdin-al- arteries of the neck. [Gr. karOtidesharps, steep.
ship, n. the office, rank, or dignity of a cardinal. deep sleep being caused by compression of them.]
Cart, lcar, ., anxiety, heedfulness ; charge, over Carouse, kar-our/, n, a drinking-bout; a noisy
sight ; the object of anxiety.v.i. to be anxious ; revel.v.t. to hold a drinking-bout; to drink
freely and noisily '<pr.p. carousing ; Pa.p.
to be inclined ; to have regard 'Pr.p. caring ; caroused'. [Ger. krause, Dutch, kruyse, hroes,
Pa.p. cared'. [A.S. cear, Goth. hara, Celt, car, E. cruse, a drinking-vessel.]
care : allied to L. carta, dear.] carousal, kar-our/al, n. a carouse; a*feast.
careful, ka/fool, adj., full of care; heedful;
in B., anxious : in Dan. iii. i6, at a loss, puzzled. Carp, klip, v.i. lit. to pick or snatch at* to catch
adv. carefully.H. care'fulness, at small faults or errors :Pr.p. carping; Pa.p.
careless, karles, adj., without care; heedless; un carped'.adv. carp'ingly. [L. carpo, to pick.]
concerned.adv. carelessly.n. care'leaweu. carper, karp'cr, n. one who carps or cavils.
Careen, ka-rcn', v.t. to lay a ship on her side to re Carp, karp, *. a voracious fresh-water fish. [Fr.
pair her bottom and keel.v.t. to incline to one carpe; It. carpione; Ger. karpfen.]
side as a ship in sailing '.pr.p. careening ;Pa.p. Carpenter, Carpentry. See under Car.
careened'. [Fr. carenercarene ; It. carena Carpet, klr'pet, n. the woven or felted covering,
L. carina, the bottom of a ship, the keel.]
careenage, ka-ren'aj, n. a place where ships are commonly of wool, of floors, stairs, &c.v.t. to
cover with a carpet :Pr.p. and n. carpeting;
careened ; the cost of careening. pa.p. car'peted. [Fr. carpette; low L. carpeta,
Career. See under Car. woollen cloth, from carper*, to pluck wool.]
Carets, lea-res', v.t. to treat with affection ; to fondle ; Carr, Carriage, &c See under Car.
to embrace :Pr.p. caressing ; fa.p. caressed' Carrion, kar'ri-un, n. the dead and putrid body or
ft, anyact or expression ofaffection. [Fr. caresser; flesh of any animal.adj. relating to, or feeding
It. carezza, an endearmentL. cams, dear.] on, putrid flesh. [Fr. carogne; It. carogna; low
Caret, ka'ret, . lit. there is wanting; a mark, a, L. caroniaL. caro, carnis, flesh.]
used in writing when a word is left out. [L. Carronade, kar-un-Sd', n. a short cannon of large
carto, to be wanting.] bore, first made at Carron in Scotland.
Cargo. See under Car. Carrot, karlit, n. an eatable root of a reddish or
Caricature, kar-i-ka-tuV, n. a representation of any yellowish colour. [Fr. carette ; It, L. carota.j
thing so overdrawn or overloaded as to be ridi carroty, kar'ut-i, adj., carrot-coloured.
culous, while keeping the likeness.v.t* to turn Carry, Cart, &c. See under Car.
into ridicule by overdoing a likeness :Pr.p. cari Carte, kart, n. lit. a paper; a card; a bill of fare.
caturing; pa.p. caricatured'. [It. caricatura [Fr.L. charta, Gr. chartis, paper.] See Card,
caricart, to load, from root of Car.]
caricaturist, kar-i-ka-turlst, n., one whocaricatures. carte-blanche (-blansh), n. a white or blank card,
with a signature at the foot, which may be filled
Caries, ka'ri-cz, n., rottenness of a bone. [L.] up at the pleasure of the receiver ; unconditional
carious, kfl'ri-us, adj. affected with caries. terms. [Fr. carte, and blanche, white.]
Carmelite, kar'mel-It, n. a monk of the order of carte-de-vudte, -viz-it?, n. lit. a visiting-card; a
photographic portrait pasted on a small card,
Mount Cartnel, to Syria, in the xath century; a cartel, kaVtel, . lit a little card; a P*P*r of
kind of pear.
Carmine, kar'mTn, n. a crimson colour made from agreement for exchange ofprisoners. [Fr. cartel;
the cochineal insect ; a bright red dye or colour. cartoon, kar-tOOn , L.n.tcharfula,
low L. cartella. dun. of charta.]
cardboard; a preparatory
Sec Crimson and Vermilion. [Fr. and Sp. cartnin; drawing on strong Paper, to be transferred to
It. carminio ; Ar. kermex, the cochineal insect ; frescoes, tapestry, &c. [Fr. carton; It. cartone
Sans, krimis ; L. vermis.) carta, from L. charta.}
Carnage, klr'naj, n*, flesh of dead animals; slaugh cartouche, kar-tO~Osh , a small bit of PaPer;
ter. [Fr. carnage, from L. caro, carnis, flesh.]
carnal, kaVnal, adj., fleshly ; pertaining toflesh ; orig. a cartridge; a case for holding cartridges.
[Fr. ; It. cartoccioL. charta.]
sensual ; unspiritual.adv. carnally. cartridge, kaYtrij, n. a Paper case containing the
carnalUt, kar'nal-ist, n. a sensualist ; a worldling. charge for a gun. [corruption of cartouche.]
carnality, kar-nall-ti, state ofbeing carnal. cartulary, karlG-lar-i, n. a register-book of a mon
carnation, kar-na'shun, n. lit. fleshiness; flesh- astery, &c. ; one who kept the records. [Fr.
colour ; a flesh-coloured flower. [L. carnatio.] cartulaire; low L. cartulariumcharta.]
carnelian, kar-ne'li-an, . a red or flesh-coloured Cartesian, kar-tS'zhi-an, adj. relating to the French
precious stone, [low L. carneoluscaro.]
ctrneous, kiir'ne-us, adj.r fleshy ; of or like flesh. philosopher Des Cartes, or his philosophy.
carnival, kar'ni-val, . lit. solace of the flesh ; a Cartilage, kaVti-laj, n. a tough, elastic substance,
softer than bone ; gristle. [Fr. ; L. cartilago.]
feast observed by Roman Catholics just before cartilaginous,
the fast of Lent. [It. carnavalelow L. came- consisting ofkar-ti-laj'in-us, adj. pertaining to or
cartilage ; gristly.
levamen, solace of the fleshcaro, carnis, flesh, Cartoon, Cartouche,
and levamen, solacelevare, to lighten.] Cartridge, Cartulary. See Carte.
fate, far ; me, her ; mine ; mOte ; mute ; mOOn ; then.
59
 Carve Cataclysm
twilled cloth
Carve, karv, v.t., to engrave ; to cut into forms, It. casimiro; orig. the of the finest wools. [Fr. casimir.
devices, &c. ; to make or shape by cutting ; to same as Caahmere.J
cut up into slices or pieces ; to apportion or dis Caaaock, kas'ok, n. a coveringiox the body ; a vc*t-
tribute.v.t. to exercise the trade of a sculptor ; ment_ worn by clergymen under the gown or
to cut up meat:/r./. carving: Pa.p. carved'. surplice. [Fr. cosaque; It casacca; from I
[A.S. ceorfan, to cut, to hew; Dutch, kerven; casa, a cottage, that which covers.]
Ger. kerben, to notch.] See Grave, Caaaowary, kas'8-war-i, n. an ostrich-like bird, found
carver, kaiVer, n. one who carves ; a sculptor. in the K. Indies. [Hind, kassuwaris.]
Caryates, kar-i-at'gz, Carraiidea, kar-i-afi-dSz, n.pl. Cast, kast, v.t., to throw orfling; to thrust ordrive ;
in arch, figures of women used instead ofcolumns to throw down, out, or off; to throw together or
for supporters. [L. ; Gr. /Caryatides, the reckon ; to mould or shape.v.t. to receive form
women of Cary<e, a town in Arcadia.] or shape ; to turn in the mind ; to warp '.pr-P.
Cascade, kasTcid, n. a water-fall. [Fr. cascade ; It. cast'ing ; Pa.t. andPa.p. castn. act of casting ;
eascata, from cascare, L. coda, casus, to fall.] a throw ; the thing thrown ; the distance thrown ;
Caae, kas, that which receives, encloses, or a motion, turn, orsquint, asofthe eye; achance ; a
contains ; a covering, box, or sheath ; the outer mould ; the form received from a mould ; manner.
part of a building. [Fr. caisseold Fr. casse, cast about, v.t. inSw.B.,and
[Dan. kaste; Ice. hasla, to throw.]
to turn, to go round,
It. cassa, L. capsa, from capio, to receive.] castaway, kast'a-wa, ., one cast away, an outcast,
caae, kas, v.t. to put in a case or box :pr.p. carter, kast'er, ., one who casts; a small wheel on
casing ; Pa.p. cased'. the legs of furniture.inpi. small cruets,
casement, kas'ment, or kazlncnt, n. the case or casting,
frame of a window ; a window that opens on whichkastlng, n. act of casting or moulding ; that
is cast ; a mould.
hinges ; a hollow moulding.
cash, kash, n. orig. a case or chest for money ; Caste, kast, n. lit a breed or race; one of the
coin or money ; ready money.v.t. to turn into classes into which society in India is divided ; a
or exchange for money ; to pay money for : tribe or class of society. [Port casta, breed,
Pr.p. cashing ; Pa.p. cashed'. race, the name given to the classes in India by
cashier, kash-fi?, . a ctwA-keeper ; one who has the Portuguese m the 15th century.]
charge of the receiving and paying of money. Castellated. See under Castle.
Caae, kas, . that which falls or happens ; event ; Castigate, kas'ti-gat, v.t lit to make pure; to chas
particular state or condition ; subject of question tise; to correct ; to punish with stripes :~pr.p.
or inquiry; statement of facts; in gram. lit. a castigating ; Pa.p. cas'tigated. [L. castigo, cos-
falling down, the inflection of nouns, &c. [Ft. tigatus, from castus, pure.]
cas, It. caso, L. casus, from cade, to fall.] castlgatioh, kas-ti-ga'shun, n. act of castigating ;
casual, kazh'Q-at, adf, falling out; accidental; chastisement ; punishment
unforeseen ; occasional. [L. casualiscasus.] castigator, kas'ti-gat-or, ru one who castigates.
casualty, kazh'u-al-ti, ., that whichfalls out; an Castle, kasl, ic. a fortified house or fortress ; the
accident ; a misfortune. [cases of conscience.
casuist, kazh'-j-ist, ft. one who studies and resolves residence of a prince or nobleman. [A.S. castell.
It castello, L. castellum, dim. of castrum, a
casuistic, kazh-O-istlk, casuistical, kazh-Q-istlk-al, fortified place : connected with casa, a hut]
adj. relating to cases of conscience.
casuistry, kazh'Q-ist-ri, . the science or doctrine of castellated,
battlements,
kaVtel-Iat-ed, adj. having turrets and
like a castle. [L. castellatus.]
cases of conscience.
Casemate, kaVmat, n. lit, a killing-house; a bomb Castor, kas'tor, n. the beaver ; a strong smelling
proof chamber or battery in which, cannon may substance taken from the body of the beaver:
[L., Gr. hasfSr; conn, with Sans, kasturi, musk.]
be placed to be fired through embrasures. [Sp- Castor-oil,
casa-matacasa, a house, and matar, to alay.J from a tropicalplant,ft.[corr.
kas'tor-oil, a medicinal oil obtained
of L. castus, the plant
Casement. See under Caae. being orig. called Agnus castus, chaste lamb.]
Cash, Cashier. See under Case. Castrate, kas'trat, v.t. to cut or deprive of the
Cashier, lcash-ey, v.t. lit. to make an office void or power of generation ; to take from or render
empty; to dismiss from service :Pr.p. cashier'- imperfect :pr.p. cas'trating ; pa.p. cas'trated.
ing; J>a.p. cashiered'. (Fr. casser, It, cassare [L. castrare, to deprive of generative power ;
*L. cassus, void, empty.] connected with cado, to cut]n. castra'tion.
Caahmere, kash'mCr, n. a rich kind of shawl, first Casual, &c, Casuist, &c See under Case.
made at Cashmere, in India. Cat, kat, n. a common domestic animal. [A.S.
Casino, ka-sS'n5, n. lit. a small house ; a saloon for catt; Ger. iatae; Fr. chat; Gael, cat: prob.
dancing. [It. ; from L. casa, a cottage.] imitative of the sound of its spitting.]
Cask, kask, n. a hollow round case or vessel for catcal, catcall, katTcawl, n. a squeaking instrument
holding liquor, made of staves bound with hoops. used in theatres to condemn plays,
[Fr. casque, Sp. casco, skull, helmet, cask: con catkin, katTcin, . a loose cluster of flowers resem
nected with Case.] bling a cat's tail growing on certain trees, as
casket, kask'et, a little cask or case ; a small hazels, willows, &c [lashes,
case for holding jewels, &c. [a helmet. cat-o'-nine tails, kar'-O-nTn'-talz, n. a whip with nine
casque, cask, kask, . a case or cover for the head ; cat's-paw, kats'-paw, . the dupe or tool of anothrr;
Cassia, kash'ya, . a species of laurel-tree whose a light breeze, [from the fable of the monkey
bark is stripped off on account of its aromatic who used the paws of the cat to draw the roast
qualities; wild cinnamon ; the senna-tree. [Fr. ing chestnuts out of the fire.]
casse, It. cassia, L. cassia, casta, Gr. kasia; Cataclysm, kat'a-klizm, n. a flood of water; a
from Ar. gathaa, to peel off.] deluge. [Gr. kataklysmoskata, downward,
Cassimere, kas-i-meV (also spelled Kerseymere), . a ktyzein, to wash over.]
fite, far ; me, her ; mine ; mOte ; mate ; mO~Dn ; Men.
60
 Catacomb
Catacomb, kat'a-kom, . a hollow or cave under-
eround used as a burial-place. [Fr. catacombe.
Tow L. catacumbaGr. hata, downward, and
kymbi, a hollow, or from tymbos, a tomb,]
Catalepsy, kat'a-lcp-si, n. a disease which takes
hold of and suspends motion and sensation.
adj. catalep'tlc. (Gr. katalepsis, a seizingkata,
down, lamband, Uftsomai, to seize.]
Catalogue, kat'a-log, n. lit. a listput down ; a list of
names, books, &c.v.t. to put in a catalogue :
fr.p. cataloguing : Pa.p. catalogued. [Gr. kata,
down, logos, a counting.]
Catamaran, kat-a-ma-ran', . a raft of three float
ing trees, used by the natives of India and
Brazil. [Cingalese, catha-maran, floating trees.]
Catapult, kat'a-pult, n. anciently a machine for
throwing stones, arrows, &c. ; an instrument used
by boys for throwing small stones. [L. catapulta;
Gr. katapeltiskata,
katra-rakt, n., a down, palld, toasthrow.]
Cataract, rushingdown ofwater ;
a waterfall ; a disease of the eye which comes on
as if a veil fell before the eyes. [Gr. kata, down,
arassd, to dash, to rush.]
Catarrh, ka-taY, n,, aflowing down or discharge of
fluid from a mucous membrane, especially of the
nose, caused by cold in the head ; the cold itself.
adj. catarrh'aL [L. catarrhus, Gr. katarrhous
kata, down, rked, to flow.]
Catastrophe, ka-tas'trO-fe", an overturning; a
final event ; an unfortunate conclusion ; a cala
mity. [Gr.kata, down, strepho, to turn.]
Catch, kach, v.t., to take hold of; to seize after
pursuit ; to trap or insnare ; to take a disease by
infection.v.t. to lay hold ; to be contagious :-
Pr.p. catch'ing ; pa.t. and pa.p. caught (kawt).
n. seizure ; anything that seizes or holds ; that
which is caught : a sudden advantage taken : a
song the parts of which are caught up by differ
ent voices, [old Fr. cocker. It. cacaare, L.
captiare for captare, inten. otcapere, to take.]
catchpenny, kach'pen-ni, n. any worthless thing,
csp. a publication, intended merelyto gain money.
catch-word, kach'-wurd, n. among actors, the last
word of the preceding speaker : the first word of
a page given at the bottom ofthe preceding page.
Catchup, kach'up, Catsup, kat/sup, Ketchup, kech'up,
n. a liquor extracted from mushrooms, &c. used
as a sauce, [prob. of . Indian origin.)
Catechetlc, Catechetical. See under Catechise.
Catechise, kat'e-kTz, v.t. lit. to sound a thing into
one's ears; to impress upon one by word of
mouth ; to instruct by question and answer ; to
question ; to examine '.Pr.p. cat'ichlsing ; Pa.p.
catechised. [Gr. katichizS, katickeokata,
down, icked, to sound.]n. cat'echlser.
catechism, kat'e'-kizm, n. a book containing a sum
mary of principles in the form of questions and
answers. [Gr. katechismos, instruction.]
catechlst, kateVkist, n., one who catechises.
catechlsUc, kat-5-kisrik, catechlst'leal, 'ik-al, adj.,
pertaining to a cateckist or to a catechism.
catechumen, kat-c-kiTrncn, n. one who is being
taught the catechism of the first rudiments of
Christianity. [Gr. katichoumenosJ]
catechetlc, kat-5-ket'ik, catechetical, 1-kaI, adj., re
lating to a catechism.adv. catechet'lcally.
Category, kat'f-gor-i, what may be affirmed of
a class ; a class or order. [Gr. katigoriakata
down, agoreud, to proclaim, declare.]
categorical, kat-i-gor'ik-al, adj., relating to a cate-
fate, far ; me", her ; mine ;
causality
gory I positive; absolute: not admitting of ex
ception.adv. categorically.
Cater, ka'ter, v.t., to buy; to provide food, enter
tainment, 8tc.:pr.p. ca'tcring; ca'tered.
[old Fr. acater, It. accattare, low L. accaptare,
to buyL, ad, to, captare, intensive of capere,
to take.]n. ca'tertr.
Caterpillar, kat'er-pil-lar, n. a grub that lives upon
the leaves of plants, [old K. cate, food, or Fr.
chaton, a catkin, from its likeness to it, and old
E. pil/er, a robber, from its peeling the trees.]
Catgut, kar*gut, n. string for violins and other musi
cal instruments made from the gut of animals,
especially the sheep, [perhaps from goat-gut.}
Cathartic, ka-thuVtik, Cathartical, ka-thaVtik-al,
adj. having the power of cleansing the stomach
and bowels ; purgative- [Gr. kafhartikos, fit for
cleansing, from katkaros, clean.]
cathartic, ka-thaVtik, . a purgative medicine.
Cathedra], ka-thc'dral, n. lit. a seat ; the principal
church of a diocese in which is tke seat, or
throne ofa bishop.adj. belonging to acathedral.
[L. cathedra, Gr. iatkedra, a seat.]
Catholic, kath'ol-ik, adj., universal; embracing the
whole body of Christians ; liberal : relating to the
R. Catholics.n. an adherent of the R. Catho
lic Church. [Gr. katholikos, universalkata,
throughout, kolas, the whole.]
Catholicism, ka-thol'i-sizm, catholicity, kath-ot-is'i-ti,
., universality; liberality or breadth of view:
the tenets of the R. Catholic church.
Catoptric, kat-op'trik, adj. relating to catoptrics, or
vision byreflection. [Gr. katoptrikoskatoptron,
a mirrorkata, down, opsomai, fut. of hot ad, to
see.]
catoptrics, kat-op'triks, n.sing. the part of optics
which treats of reflected light.
Catkin, Catipaw. See under Cat.
Cattle, kali, n.pl. orig. capital, or the chief part
of one's property ; goods ; beasts of pasture,
especially oxen, bulls, and cows, sometimes also
horses, sheep, &c.Black, cattle, bulls, oxen, and
cows.Small cattle, sheep and goats, [old Fr.
catel, cheptal, low L. captale, goods, cattleL.
capitalis, chiefcaput, the head, because in early
times beasts formed the chief part of property.)
chattel, chain, . orig. cattle; any kind of property
which is not freehold.
Caudal, kaw'dal, adj. pertaining to the tail; having
a tail or something like one. [L. cauda, a tail.)
Candle, kaw'dl, n. a warm drink given to the sick.
[old Fr. chaudel, Fr. chaud, L. catidus, hot.)
Caught, kawt, pa.t. and Pa.p. of Catch.
Caul, kawl, n. a net or covering for the head ; the
membrane covering the head of some infants at
their birth, [prob. a form of CowL]
Cauldron. Sec Caldron.
Cauliflower, kaw'H-flow-er,. lit. thecabbage-flower;
a variety of cabbage, the eatable part of which
is the flower. [L. caulis, A.S. cawl, W. cowl,
cabbage, and Flower.) See Cole.
Cause, kawz, . that by or through which anything
is done ; a reason ; inducement ; an object sought ;
a legal action.v.t. to produce ; to make to exist ;
to bring about '.pr.p. causing ; pa.p. caused'.
[Fr. cause; L. causa.]
causal, kawz'al, adj. relating to a cause or causes,
causality, kawz-alVti, . the working of a cause; the
supposed faculty of tracing effects to their causes.
mOte ; mate ; mGDn ; then.
 causation cementation
causation, kawz-5'shun, ml, the act ofcausing ; the Cedar, se"dar, *. a large evergreen tree remarkable
act or working of a cause in producing an effect, for the durability and fragrance of its wood.
causative, kawra-tiv, adj. expressing a cause; adj. made of cedar. [L. cedrus ; Gr. kedros.]
'-^.adv. caiuratively.
kawztes, adj., having no cause or occa- Cede, up
se"d( v.t. Ht. to go awayfrom ; to yield or give
to another.v.i. to give way '.pr.p. ce"duig ;
sion.-adv. cansVleaaly.n. causelessness. Pa.p. cSd'ed. [L. cedo, cessum, to go away from.}
Causeway, kawzVa, Causey, kawr/e, a pathway cession, sesh'un, n, a yielding up.
raised and paved ox shod with stone. [Fr. chaus-
ser; It. calzare; h. calceo, calceata, to shoe Cell, s5l, v.t. to overlay the inner roof of a room :
Pr.p. ceiling ; pa.p. ceiled'. [See, celling.]
calx, the heel : or Fr. chaussie; L. calceata
calx, chalk, because strengthened with mortar.] ceiling, seUIng, n. formerlyseel, a covering ofboards ;
Caustic, kaws'tik, adj., burning; wasting away; room, [old E. andthat
the coat of plaster seals up the rafters of a
severe, cutting.n. a substance that burns or Celandine, sel'an-dTn, oldswallow-wort, Fr. seel, to seaL]
wastes away the flesh. [Fr. causttque ; L. caus- Elants of the poppy family, said to bea sogenus named
of
ticus ; Gr. kaustikosMaid, iausb, to burn.] ecause formerly supposed to flower when the
causticity, kaws-tis'i-ti, n. quality of being caustic.
cauterise, Icaw'teMz, v.t. to burn with a caustic or swallows appeared, and to perish when they de
parted. [Gr. chelidonionchelidSn, a swallow.]
a hot iron 'pr.p. cau'terlsing ; /a./. cau'terTsed. Celebrate, sel'6-brat, v. t., tomakefamous; toBraise ;
[Fr. cauteriser; L. cauterio; Gr. hautcriasS to distinguish by solemn ceremonies 'Pr.p. cere
kautlr, a hot ironkaiO.} brating ; Pa.p. cerebrated. [L. celebro, -aturn
cauterisation, kaw-ter-Iz-i'shun, easterUa, kaVter- celeber, famous ]
, izm, cautery, kaw'ter-i, n. a burning with caustics celebration, sel-c'-bra'shun, act ofcelebrating.
or a hot iron.
Caution, kaw'shun, n., carefulness; heedfulness; celebrity, se-leb'ri-ti, n. the condition of being cele
prudence; security; warning.v.t. to warn to brated;s-ler1-ti, fame. [L. celebritasceleber.]
take care :J>r.p. captioning ; Pa.p. cau'tioned. Celerity, n, the swiftness with which a
thing is driven; rapidity of motion. [L. celeritas
[Fr. ; L. cautiocaveo, to take care.]
cautionary, kaw/shun-ar-i, adj. containing caution ; celer, swiftcello, Gr. kellS, to drive, urge on. J
given as a pledge, Celery, sel'er-t, , a kitchen vegetable with crisped
cautious, kaw'shus, adj. possessing or using cau leaves like parsley. [Fr. c/leri; Ger. selleri;
tion ; careful; watchful; prudent. Gr. sellnon, parsley.]
Celestial, seMesVyal, adj., heavenly; dwelling in
Cavalcade, kav'al-kad, n. a train ofpersons on horse heaven ; in the visible heavens.n. an inhabit
back. [It. cavallo, Sp. caballo, L. caballus, Gr. ant of heaven.adv. celestially. [L. cotlestis
kaballfs, a horse.] caelum, heavenGr. koilos, E. hollow.)
cavalier, kav-a-IeV, n. a horseman ; a knight ; a Celiac, scli-ak, adj. belonging to the lower belly.
partisan of Charles I.adj. like a cavalier ; gay, [L. carliacus ; Gr. koiliakosioilia, the belly
warlike, haughty. [Fr.}adv. cavalierly. koilos, hollow.]
cavalry, kaval-ri, A^n^-soldiers. [Fr. cavalerie.] Celibacy, sC-lib a-si, or sell-bas-i, n. a single life ; an
Cave, kflv, n. a hollow place in the earth ; a den. unmarried state. [L. ceelebs, single.]
[Fr. ; It cava; L. cavus, hollow.] celibate, sell-bat, adj., Pertaining to a single life.
cavern, kav'em, n. a deep hollowplace in the earth. n. one unmarried : thestate of being unmarried.
[L. cavemacavus.] [L. calibatus, single lifeCalebs.]
cavernous, kav'er-nus, adj., hollow; full of caverns. Call, scL n. any small hollow place ; a small close
cavity, kav'i-ti, a hollow place ; hollowness ; an room ; a cave. [L. cella, connected with Gr.
opening. [L. cavitascavus.] koilos, E. hollow.]
Caveat, ka'vC-at, n. lit. let care be taken ; a notice cellar, sellar, n. a cell under ground where stores
or warning ; a notice to stop proceedings in a are kept. [L. cellariumcella.]
court. [L.caveo, to take care.] cellarage, sel'lar-aj, n. space for cellars; cellars;
Cavern. See under Cave. charge for storing in cellars,
Caviare, Caviar, kav-i-aV, n. an article of food made cellular, sel'u-lar, adj., consisting of or containing
from the salted roes of the sturgeon, &c. [Fr. Celt, selt,[from
cells, L. cellula, a little cell.]
m. one of the Celts, a branch of the
caviar; It. caviale; Sp. cabiar; Turk. hava\r.]
Cavil, kav'il, v.i. to make empty, trifling objec Aryan family of nations, who migrated from
tions ; to use false arguments :fr.p. cavilling ; Central
Europe ;
Asia, and at one time were spread over
a cutting instrument of stone or metal
Pa.p. cavilled.n. a frivolous objection, [old Fr. found in ancient barrows.
caviller; L. caOT7/or,topractisejestingcavilla, toi or Keltai, in later times[I^Celtae ; Gr. Kel-
Galatai, L. Galli,
jestscavus, hollow, empty.]n. caviller. said to be from Gael, ceiltach, an inhabitant of
Cavity. See under Cave. the forest : or Welsh, meaning foreigners.]
Caw, kaw, v.i. to cry as a crow Pr.p. cav/ing ; Celtic,
pa.p. cawed'.n. the cry of a crow.n. caw'lng. Cement,sel'tik, adj. pertaining to the Celts.
segment', n. literally, pieces or chips of
[from the sound.]
Cease, ses, v.i., togive over; to stop; to be at an anything that which
marble from mortar was made ; mortar ;
makes two bodies stick together ;
end.v.t. to put an end to:fir.p. ceas'ing; a bond of union. [L. cormenta, chips of stone,
Pa.p. ceased'. [Fr. cesser; L. cesso, to give over contracted from ca'dimentacado, to cut ofF.J^
cedo, to yield, give up.] cement, si-ment', v.t. to unite with cement ; to join
ceaseless, seVles, adj., withoutceasing; incessant. firmly.v.i. to unite or become solid :Pr.p. cf-
adv. ceaselessly, ment'ing;/a./. ccment'ed.
cessation, ses-a'shun, n. a ceasing or stopping ; a cementation, sem-en-ta'shun, n., the act ofcement
rest ; a pause. ing; the process by which iron U turned into
rite, far; me", her; mine ; mOte ; mute ; mo"on ; Men.
 Cemetery * Cess-pool
steel, glass into porcelain, &cdone by sur
rounding them with a cement or powder and
exposing them to heat
Cemetery, sem'i-ter-i, . lit a sleeping-chamber; a
burying-ground. [L. cameterium ; Gr. koimi-
tinonkohnaO, to lull to sleep.]
Cenobite, scn'O-brt, or s niV-bTt, . one ofa religious
order living in a convent or a community, in
opposition to a hermit; a monk. [Fr. cinobite;
L. canobita; Gr. koines, common, and bioti,
lifebio?, to live.]adjs. cenoblt'ic, cenoblt'lcal.
Cenotaph,'scn'G-taf, n. lit. an empty tomb ,* a monu
ment to one who is buried elsewhere. [Fr. ceno-
taphe; L. cenotafhium ; Gr. kenotapkionkenos,
empty, and taphos, a tomb.]
Censer, sens'cr, . a pan in which incense is burned.
[Fr. encensoir; L. incensorium. See Incense.]
Censor, sensor, n. a Roman officer who kept ac
count of the property of the citizens, imposed
taxes, &c. ; one who examines manuscripts be
fore they arc sent to press ; one who censures or
blames. [L,censeo, to count. Jn. cen'sorthlp.
censorial, sen-sG'ri-al, adj. belonging to a censor, or
to the correction of public morals,
census, sen'sus, n. an official enumeration of the
inhabitants of a country,
censure, scn'shur, n. orig. a reckoning orjudgment ;
an unfavourable judgment; blame; reproof.
v.t. to blame; to condemn as wrong pr.p.
censuring; pa.p. cen'sured. [L. censura, an
opinion, a severe judgmentcensor.]
censurable, sen'shQr-a-bl, adj. deserving ofcensure ;
blaenable.ft. cen'rarableneu.adv. cen'rarabry.
, sen-sO'ri-us, adj. given to censure ; ex-
Cant, sent, n., a hundred; an American coin = the
hundredth part of a dollar. [Fr. ; L. centum,
a hundred.y-rtr cent., by the hundred.
centage, sent'Sj, n. rate by the hundred.
centenary, sen'tcn-a-ri, n. a hundred; a century or
hundred years. [L. ctntenariuscenium.'fn.
centena rian, one a hundred years old.
centennial, sen-ten ni-al, adj. happening once in a
hundredyears, [low L. centenniscentum, and
annus, a year.]
centesimal, sen-tcsl-mal, adj., hundredth.adv.etn-
tes'lmaUy. [L. centesimuscentum.]
centigrade, sen'ti-grSd, adj. having a hundred
degrees; divided into a hundred degrees. [L.
centum, and gradus, a step, a degree.]
centlped, sen'ti-ped, centipede, sen ti-ped, n. an
insect with a hundred, or a great many feet.
[L. centum, and pes, pedis, a foot.]
centuple, sen tu-pl, adj. , hundred/old, [L. cen~
tuplexcentum, and piice, to fold.]
centurion, sen-tu'ri-on, . among the Romans, the
commander of a hundred men. [L. centurio.]
century, sen'tG-ri, ., a hundred; a hundred years,
[L. centuriacentum.]
Centaur, sen'tawr, . lit. a bull-killer or mounted
herdsman ; a fabulous monster, half-man half-
horse. [L. centaurus; Gr. kentauroskenled,
to stab, and tauros, a bull.]
Centre, Center, sen'tcr, n. lit. a sharp Point; the
middle point of anything; the middle.v.t. to
place on, or collect to a centre.v. i. to be placed
in the middle :Pr.p. cen'tring, centering ; pa.p.
cen'tred, cen'tered. ["L. centrum; Gr. kentron, a
sharp pointhented, to prick.]
fate, far ; mc", her ; mine ;
central, sen'tral, centric, sen'trik, centrical, sen'trik-
al, adjs., relating to, placed in, or containing the
. cen trally, cen'trically.
centralise, sen'tral-Iz, v.t. to draw to a centre'.Pr.p.
cen'trallsing; Pa.p. cen'trallsed.n. centrallsa'-
tloa.
centrifugal, sen-trifO-gal, adj. tending to fleefrom
the centre. [L. centrum, andfugio, to flee from.]
centripetal, sen-trip'et-al, adj. , seeking,or tending to
ward the centre. [L. centrum, and /<7<\ to seek.}
Cephalic, se-fal'ik, adj. belonging to die head. [Gr.
kephalikoskcphali, the head.]
Ceramic, se-ram'ik, adj., pertaining to pottery.
[Gr. keramikosJteramos, potter's earth.]
Cere, ser, v.t. to cover with wax 1pr.p. ceVing;
Pa.p. cired'. [L. cera; Gr. kiros, bees-wax.]
ns. cerecloth, cerement, a cloth dipped in melted
wax in which to wrap a dead body,
ceraceou, si-ra'shus, adj., ofor like wax.
Cereal, scrc-al, adj. lit. belonging to Certs, the god
dess of com ; relating to corn or edible grain.
[L. cerealisCeres.]cereals, sCrC-ahr, n.pl. the
grains used as food, such as wheat, barley, &c.
Cerebrum, ser'e-brum, n. the front and larger part
of the brain. [L. cerebrum, the brain.]
cerebral, ser'C-bral, adj., pertainingto thecerebrum.
cerebellum, ser-c-bel'um, n., the little brain; the
hinder and lower part of the brain. [L., dim.
of cerebrum.]
Ceremony, ser'e-mo-ni, **., carefor what is sacred;
a sacred rite ; the outward form, religious or
otherwise://.in Pr.Bk. .statutes. [L.commonia,
perhaps from euro (old form, carro), to care for.}
ceremonial, scr-e"-mG'ni-al, adj. relating toceremony.
n. outward form; a system of ceremonies.
nially.
ser-C-mS'ni-us, adj.,full of ceremony ;
particular in observing forms; precise.adv.
uly. o'nioi
Certain, ser'tan, or -'tin, adj., settled, determined;
sure ; fixed ; regular : some ; one. [Fr. certain;
L. certus, old part, of cemo, to decide for.]
adv. cer'talnly.ns. cer'talnty, certitude.
certify, seYti-fT, v.t., to make known as certain;
to inform; to declare in writing \~pr.p. certify
ing; Pa.p. cer'tified. [Fr. certifier; X. certus,
andfacto, to make.]
certificate, ser-tifi-kat, n. a written declaration of
some factv.t. to give a certificate.v.t. to be
verified bjr a certificate \pr.p. certificating ;
Pa.p. certificated. [Fr. certtficat; L. certus,
andfacio.yn. certillca'tlon.
Cerulean, se"-rro1c-an, adj., sky-blue ; dark-bine ;
sea-green. [L. catrulcus-ealum, the sky.]
Cervical, serVi-kal, adj. belonging to the neck. [Fr. ;
L. cervix, cervicis, the neck.]
Cervine, serVln, adj. relating to deer. [L. cervus,
a stag.]
Cesarean, se-za're"-an, adj. the Cesarean operation
is taking a child out of the body of its mother
by cutting. [L. co-do, casus, to cut.]
Cess, ses, n. a tax.v.t.to impose a tax '.pr.p. cesV-
ing ; Pa.p. cessed'. [shortened from Assess.]
Cessation. Sec under Cease.
Cession. See under Cede.
Cess-pool, ses'-pOOl, a poolorhollow in the ground
where the mud contained in water settles down
while the water flows off in a drain. [L. sedeo,
sessus, to sink or settle down.]
mOte ; mute ;
 Cesura Chant
Cesura. See Cssura. cover or roof ; a private room ; a hall of justice ;
Cetaceous, sS-ta'shus, adj. belonging to fishes of the back end of the bore of a gun. [Fr. chambre ;
the whale-kind. [L. cete, Gr. kitos, any sea- L. camera; Gr. kamara.]adj. cham'bered..
monsterchasko, or chaind, to gape.] cham'berlng, in />' . lewd behaviour.
Chafe, chaf, v.t. to make hot by rubbing; to fret chamberlain, cham Der-lan, or -lin, n. IiL one who
or wear by rubbing ; to cause to fret or rage. has the care of chambers', an overseer of the
private apartments of a monarch or nobleman ;
V.i. to fret or rage :Pr.p. chafing ; pa.p. treasurer of a corporation. [Fr. chambellan; It.
chafed'.n. heat caused by rubbing; rage ; pas
sion. [Fr. /chauffer; L. cale/acerecauo, to be ciamberiano ; L. camera.)-n. cham'berlauuhlp.
hot, andfacere, to make.] Chameleon, ka-mel'yun, n. tit. the ground or dwarf
Chafer, chaTer, . a kind of beetle. [A.S. ceafor.] Hon ; a small lizard famous for changing its
colour. [L. chamaleon; Gr. chamailedn
Chaff, chaf, n. the hollow case or covering of grain ; chamai,
empty, worthless matter. [A.S. ceaf; Ger. kaff; on the ground, ledn, a Hon.]
L. cavus, hollow.]adjs. chaffy, chaff lea. Chamolt, sham'waw, or sha-moi', n. a kind of goat ;
Chaffer, chaffer, v.t., to buy.v.i. to bargain; to askin. soft kind of leather originally made from its
[Fr.; It. camozza; Sp. camuza, a buck;
haggle about the price :prp. chaffering ; Pa.p.
chaffered. [A.S. ceapan, Ger. kau/en, to buy.] Gr. kemas, a young deer.]
See Cheap. Chamomile, Camomile, kam'O-mTl, n. the ground-
Chaffinch, chaffinsh, n., the chatteringfinch, alittle apple (from the apple-like smell of its blossoms) ;
song-bird, [vulgar E. chaff, Dutch, keffen, to a plant/ or its dned flowers, used in medicine.
chatter. See Finch.] [L. chamarmelon ; Gr. chamaimilonchamai,
Chagrin, sha-grcn', or -grin', n. that which wears on the ground, milon, an apple.]
ot gnaws the mind ; vexation; ill-humour.v.t. Champ, champ, v.i., to make a snapping noise
to vex or annoy :Pr.p. chagrining; pa.p. cha with tliejaws in chewing.v.t. to bite orchew:
grined'. [Fr. chagrin, shagreen, rough skin used Pr.p. champing ; Pa.p. champed'. [Ice. kampa,
for rasping or polishing wood.] to chewkiammi, a jaw ; Ger. schmatten, to
Chain, chSn, n. a series of links or rings passing make a noise in eating like swine.]
through one another; a number of things coming Champagne, sham-pan', n. a light sparkling wine
after eachother ; anything that binds ; a measure, from Champagne in France.
of ico links, 66 feet long.v.t. to bind with, or Champaign, sham-pin', adj. ,level, open..an open,
as witha chain :pr.p. cnain'ing ; Pa.p. chained'. level country. [Fr. champ; L. campus, a plain.)
[Fr. chain* ; It. and L. catena.]
Chair, char, . something to sit down upon ; a mov Champion, cham'pi-un, ., one who engages in a
contest ; one who fights in single combat for
able seat for one, with a back to it ; the seat or himself
office of one in authority.v.t. to carry one pub a hero. [Fr.for; another
or ; a successful combatant ;
It. campion* ; low L. campioL.
licly in triumph :Pr.p. chairing ; 6a.p. chaired'. campus, a plain, a place for games : A.S. camp,
[Fr. chaire ; L. cathedra; Gr. kathedraka- a fight ; Ice. kempa, a warrior, kapp, a fight.]
thezomai, to sit down.] n. cham'pionihip.
chaise, shaz, n. a light two-wheeled carriage, for Chance, chans, n. that whichfalls out or happens ;
two persons, drawn by one horse. (Fr., a Parisian an unexpected event ; risk ; opportunity ; possi
pronunciation of chaire.} bility of something happening.v.t. to risk.
Chalcedony, kal-sed'O-ni, or Jctl'-, n. a variety of v.i. to happen '.pr.p. chancing; pa.p. chanced'.
quartz ofa milk-and-water colour, [from Cnai- adj. happening by chance. [Fr. ; It. cadenza;
cedon in Asia Minor.]adj. chalcedon'lc. low L. cadentiaL. cado, to fall. ]
Chaldaic, kal-d&lk, Chaldee, Ical'de", adj. relating to Chancel, Chancellor, Chancery. See under Cancel.
ChaIdea.
Chaldron, chawl'drun, n. a coal-measure holding Chance-medley, Chans'-med-H, n. lit. a hot affray or
fight; the killing of a person by chance or in
36 bushels. [Fr. chaudron.} See Caldron. self-defence, [chance, a corruption of Fr. chaude,
Chalice, chal'is, n. a cup or bowl; a communion- hot, mel/e, fray,
cup. [Fr. calice; L. calyx ; Gr. fcalyx, the cup Chandelier, Chandler.fight.] See under Candle.
or covering of a flowerkalyptd, to cover.]adj. Change, chSnj, v.t. to exchange; to alter or make
chanced. different ; to put or give one thing or person for
Chalk, chawk, n. lit. limestone ; carbonate of lime. another ; to make to
v.t. to rubor manure with chalk :pr.p. chalk'- another.v.i. tosufferchange :pr.p.onechanging
pass from state to
;
ing; Pa.p. chalked'. [A.S. cealc; Fr. chaux, pa.p. changed'.n. alteration or variation of any
old Fr. chaulx; L. calx, limestone ; Gr. chalix.) kind ; a shift; variety; smalt coin. [Fr. changer;
adj. chalk y.n. chalk'ineai. It. cangiart, cambiareL. cambt're, to barter,
Challenge, chal'eni, v.t., to call on one to settle a prob. a nasalised form of the root of Cheap.]
matter by fighting or any kind of contest ; to changeable, chanj'a-bl, adj. subject or prone to
claim as one's own ; to accuse ; to object to ; change; fickle ; inconstant.adv. change'ably.
pr.p. challenging ; pa.p. challenged.n. a sum n. change'ablenea*.
mons to a contest of any kind ; exception to a changeful, chanj'fool, adj.,full ofchange ; change
juror ; the demand of a sentry. [Fr. chalanger, able.-adv. change fully.n. change'fnlneaf.
to claim, call in question for something ; L. cal- changeleae, chSnj'lcs, adj.,without change; constant,
umniari, to go to lawcalumnia.} changeling, changing, n. a child taken or left in
Chalybeate, ka-tib'e-3t, adj. containing iron.n. place of another; one apt to change.
a water or other liquor containing iron. [Gr. Channel. See under Canal
chalyps, chalybos, iron.] Chant, chant, v.t. to sing; to celebrate in song ; to
Chamber, chOm'ber, . lit. a place with an arched recite in a singing manner :pr.p. chanting ;
fate, far; mC, her; mine; mote; mute; mOOn ; then.
 chanter charter
/ jS^^|hant*cd.n. a r<wf ; melody ; a kind of characteristic, kar-ak-ter-is'tik, characteriatlcal, kar-
sxOfdiriusic, in which prose is sung. [Ft. chanter, ak-ter-is'tik-al, adj. marking or constituting the
I*, fSfgareL. cantocano, to sing.) character.n. that which marks or constitutes
oiu^flife chanter, f**' w/> chants; a chief the character. [Gr. charakliristikos.]adv.
f the tenor or treble pipe of a bagpipe. characteristically.
Mr, chant'i-kler, w. lit. fA* fitar singer or Charade, sha-rad', or -rid', n. a species of riddle, the
crtH*sr: a cock, {chant, and rfoir.]
yrtrjt, chant'ri, . an endowed chapel, in which subject of which is a word proposed for solution
from an enigmatical description of its several
naases are chanted for the souls of the donors or syllables and of the whole, [perh. from Neap.
-jllfcll [old Fr. ehattteriechanter.] charada, chatter: or Norm, charer, to converse.]
I'os, n. lit. a wide gap; a confused, shape- Charcoal. See under Char.
lss ; disorder ; the state ofmatter before it Charge, chiirj, v.t. lit. to place in a car; to lay on
duced to order by the Creator. [L. and or load ; to impose
QffiiSfasGr. chains, chad, to gape, to yawn-] to the account of; : toto impute fall upon or attack : to put
to: to command;
' i-tU. ki-ot'ik, like chaos; confused or dis- to exhort.v.i. to make an onset '.Pr.p. charg
ord*rr-d. ing ; pa.p. charged'.n. that which is laid on ;
s^iap, chap or chop, v.t., to cut ; to cleave, split, or
"**-.v.i. to crack or open in slit* 'pr.p. attack or onset: care, custody; &c.
cost or price ; the load of powder, for a gun :
the object of
rfng ; Pa.p. chapped', chapt. [Dutch, kafi- care: command; exhortation; accusation. [Fr.
Dan. kappe, Sw. kappa, to cut.) See Chip,
p, chap, chop, chop, n. a cleft, gap, crack, or charger; wagon.]
It. cam'care, to loadL. carrus, a
See Car, Cargo.
chink ; the jaw.//, the mouth. chargeable, charj'a-bl, adj. subject or liable to be
Chapel, chap'el, n. lit. the covering or canopy over charged; imputable; blamable: in B., burden
the altar ; the recess containing the altar ; a some.n. chargeahleneu,adv. charge/ably.
place of worship ; a dissenters' place of worship. charger, charj'er, n, a dish capable of holding a
[Fr. chapelle, old Fr. capele, low L. capella, a heavy charge or quantity; * horse used in
hoodcapa, a cloak.] charging, a war-horse.
chapelry, chap'cl-ri, . the jurisdiction of a chapel. Charily, Chariness. Sec under Chary.
chaplain, chaplin, or lin, n. one who performs Chariot. See under Car.
service in a chapel ; a clergyman attached to a
ship of war, a regiment, a public institution, or Charity, charl-ti, n. lit. deamtss; in New Test,
family.ns. chaplaincy, chap'lalnahlp. [Fr. chape- universal of others,
love ; the disposition to think favourably
and do them good ; almsgiving ; liber
lainlow L. capellanuscapella.] ality ; candour. [Fr. chariti; It. carita; L.
Chaperon, shap'e-rOn, . a hood or cap of knight caritas, from cams, dear.]
hood ; one who attends a lady in public places charitable, char'i-tabl, adj.,full of charity; of or
as a protector.v.t. to attend a lady to public relating to charity ; liberal to the poor.adv.
places :Pr.p. chap'erflning ; pa.p. chap'croned. charitably.n. charitableness.
[Fr.chape, a coperoot of Cap.] Charlatan, sharia-tan, n. lit. a chatterer or bab
Chapiter. See under Capital bler; a mere talking pretender; a quack. [Fr.
Chaplain, Chaplaincy. See under ChapeL and Sp. ; It. ciarlatoreciarlare, to chatter.]
Chaplet, chap'let, . a garland or wreath for the charlatanry, latan;
shiir'Ia-tan-ri, w.the profession ofachar-
undue or empty pretension ; deception.
head ; a rosary. [Fr. chapelet, dim. of old Fr.
chapel, garlandcapa, a cape.] Charlock, charlok, n. a plant of the mustard family,
See under Cheap. with yellow flowers, that grows as a weed m
, chapt, pa.p. of Chap. cornfields. [A.S. cerlice, prob. from GAcigarg,
Chapter. See under Capital. pungent, as in gar-lic, and lick, lock, a plant.]
Char, char, . lit. a turn of work ; work done by Charm, charm, n. lit. a song, an enchantment ; a
the day ; a job.v.i. to work by the day. [A.S. spell sess,
; something possessing, or thought to pos
hidden power or influence ; that which can
cerre, a turn, space of timecerran, to turn.] please irresistibly.v.t. to influence by a charm ;
char-woman, char-woom'an, n., a woman who chars to subdue by secret influence ; to enchant ; to
or docs odd work by the day.
Char, chSr, n. a red-bellied fish of the salmdf? kind, delight ; to allure :Pr.p.
Ja.p. charmed'.adv. charmandingly.adj.[Fr.charm'ing
chamu ;;
found in mountain lakes and rivers. [Ir. and t. carme, carmo; from L. carmen, a song.]
GaeL cear, red, blood-coloured.] charmer, charm'er, n. , one who enchantsor delights.
Char, chSr, v.t. to roast or burn until reduced to Charael, chaVnel, adj. containingyfrM or carcasses.
carbon or coal '.pr.P- changing ; Pa.p. charred'. [Fr. charnel'L. camaliscaro, camis, flesh.]
[Fr. charbon, coal, carbon ; L. carbo, coal.] charael-hou*e, chaVnel-hous, n. lit. a carcass house;
charcoal, charlcOl, n.t coal made by charring or a place near a grave-yard, where the bones of
burning wood under turf. the dead thrown up by the grave-diggers are de
Character, kar'ak-ter, n. lit. a mark engraved; a posited.
letter, sign, or figure ; the peculiar qualities of a Chart, chart, . lit. a Paper or card; a map of a
person or thing ; a description of the qualities of part of the sea, with its coasts, shoals, Sc. for
a person or thing ; a person with his peculiar the use of sailors. [L. charta.] See Card.
qualities. [Fr. caractire; L. character; Gr, charter, chart'er, n. a formal written Paper, con
charaktir, from charassd, to cut, engrave.]
characterise, kar'ak-ter-Tr, v.t. to give a character aferring patent
or confirming titles, rights, or privileges:
; grant ; immunity.v.t. to establish by
to: to describe by peculiar qualities ; to distin
guish r rt*iirnate : Pr.p. characterls'ing ; Pa.p. pr.p. ; charVering-
charter to let or hire, as a ship, on contract :
; pa.p. chart'ercd. IFr.
[Gr. charaktirizd.] chartreL. chartarium, archivescharta.]
fate, far; me, her; mine; mOte; mute; m5on ; Men.
 charter-party
charter-party, chart'er-par-ti, , a mutual charter or
contract for the hire of a vessel. [Fr. chartrc-
partie, lit a divided charter, as the practice was
to divide it in two and give a half to each person.]
chartism, chartlzm, n. the principles of a party who
sprungupin Gt.Britain in i838,and whoadvocated
the people's charterviz. universal suffrage, &c
chartist, chartist, n. one who supports chartism.
Chary,charl,adj.,careful; sparing ; cautious.adv.
charily.n. chariness. [A. S. cearigcear, care.]
Chase, chSs, v.t. lit. to catch or take; to pursue ; to
hunt ; to drive away :pr.p. chasing ;
chased'.n. pursuit ; a hunting ; that which is
hunted ; ground abounding in game. [Fr. chasser;
It. cacciareL. captocapio, to take.]
Chase, chas, v.t., to incase; to emboss. [See En-
chaw.] a case or frame for holding types; a
groove. [Fr. chasse, a shrine, asetting ; It. casta;
from L. cafisa, a chest ] See Cue.
, chas'er, n. , one who chases ; an enchascr.
, kazm, n., ayawning or gaping hollow ; a
gap or opening ; a void space. [Gr. chastna,
from chaind, to gape : connected with Chui]
Chute, chast, adj., clean, pure; modest, refined;
virtuous. (Fr. chaste; L. castus.]adv. chastely,
chastenesa, chastnes, chastity, chas'ti-ti, n., purity
of body, conduct, or language,
chasten, chaVn, v.t., to make Pure; to free from
faults by punishing ; hence, to punish ; to correct :
-~Pr,p, chaslening ; Pa,P. chSs'tened. [Fr.
chdtier, old Fr. chastierL. castigarecastus.]
chastise, chas-Uz*, v.t. to inflict punishment upon
for the purpose of correction ; to reduce to order
or to obedience '.pr.p. chastising ; Pa.p. chas
tised'.n. chastlsasaiat, chas'tiz-ment
Chasuble, chaz'fl-bl, n. the uppermost garment worn
by a R. C. priest at mass, and which orig. covered
him from head to foot, likea little house. [Fr. ; low
L. casubula, L. casula, dim. ofcasa, a cottage.]
Chat, chat, v.t. to talk and make a noise as birds
do ; to talk idly '.pr.p. chatting ; Pa.p. chatt'ed.
n. familiar, idle talk, [from the sound.]
chatter, chat/ter, v.u, to chat; to sound as the teeth
when one shivers ; to talk idly or rapidly '.pr.p.
chaptering; AM- chat'tered.
chatty, chatli, adj., given to chat ; tilkative.
Chateau, sha-to', ., a castle ; a country scat [Fr.
old Fr. ckatel, castel; L. castellum, dim. of
castrum, a fort.]
Chattel. See under Cattle.
Cheap,chep, adj. or\g.goodcheap,ih&\.\&, beinga^tW
bargain; low in price ; ofsmallvalue. [A,S.cr<s/,a
sale, a bargain ; A.S. ceaPan, Ice. kaupa, to buy ;
1L chop; Scot,coup,]<ztzp.cheaply.n,cheapness,
cheapen, chep'n, v.t., to makecheap ; to beat down
in price \pr.p. cheapening ; pa.p. cheap'ened.
chapman, chap'man, n. one who buys or sells ; a
dealer. [A.S. ceap-man.]
Cheat,ch6t,p.t.todeceiveanddefraud:/r./.cheat'
ing ;Pa.p. cheat/ed.n. a fraud : one who cheats,
[a corr. ofEscheat, from the frauds practised by the
officers who looked after the king s escheats.]
Check, chek, v.t. to bring to a stand as in chess
when the king is attacked ; to restrain or hinder ;
to rebuke :pr.p. checking ; pa.p. checked'.
n. a term in chess when one party obliges
the other either to move or guard his king; any
thing that checks ; a sudden stop : in B., a rebuke.
[Fr. fchec, a repulse, check, ichecs, chess-men ;
It. scacco; Ger. schach; Pers. shdh, king.>v.t.
to compare with a counterpart or authority in
fSte, far ; mc, h6r ; mine ;
66
Chert
order to ascertain correctness.n. a mark put
against items in a list ; a token ; an order for
money (also written cheque) ; any counter-regis
ter used as security ; a checkered cloth, [from
the practice of the Court of Exchequer, where
accounts were settled by means of counters on
a checkered cloth.]
checker, chequer, dicker, v.t. to form into little
squares like a chess-board or checker, by lines or
stripes of different colours ; to variegate or di
versify:pr.p. checkering; Pa~p. check'ered.
. a chess-board. [Fr. fchiauier, old Fr. esche-
ouier, a chess-board/chec]
checkers, chek'crz, n.pl. a game played by two per
sons on a checkered hoard, also called draughts.
checkmate, chek'mSt, n. lit the king is conquered
or dead ; in chess, a check given to the adver
sary's king when in a position in which it can
neither be protected nor moved out of check, so
that the game is finished ; fig., a complete check ;
defeat; overthrow.v.t. in chess, to make a
movement which ends the game; fig., to defeat.
[Fr. tehee et mat; Ger. schaet-mattPers. sh&Jt
m&t, the king is deadAr. mata, he is dead.]
chess, ches, ft. a game played by two persons on a
board like that used in checkers, [from Check.]
Cheek, chk, n. the side of the face covering the
jaw; the side of the face below the eye. [A.S.
ceaca, the cheek, jaw.]
Cheer, cher, . that which makes the countenance
glad; joy; a shout; kind treatment; entertain
ment; fare.v.t. to make the countenance glad ;
to comfort ; to encourage ; to applaud :Pr.p. and
adj. cheering ; Pa.p. cheered . [old Fr. cliiere,
the countenance ; It. cera ; low L. cara ; Gr.
kara, kari, the head, face.]
cheerful, chfirfool, adj.,full ofcheer or good spirits ;
joyful; lively.adv. cheerfully.n. cheerfulness.
cheerless, cheVIes, adj., -without cheer or comfort ;
gloomy.n. checrlessness.
cheery, cheVi, adj., cheerful; promoting cheerful
ness.adv. cheerily.n. cheerlness.
cherish, cherish, v.t., to cheer; to protect and treat
with affection :pr.p. cherishing; pa.p. cher
ished. [Fr. cherirt chcrtssant.]
Cheese, chez, ft., the curd of milk pressed into a
hard mass. [A.S. cese, cyse, curdled milk; Ger.
kase; L. caseus.]
cheesy, cheVi, adj. having the nature of cheese.
Chemlc, Chemical, Chemist. See under Olissnlltrj.
Chemise, she-meY, n. a lady's shift [Fr. chemise ;
L. camisia, a night-gown ; Gael, caimis, a shirt.]
chemisette, shem'5-zet, *. an under-garmcntworn by
ladies over the chemise. [Fr., dim. of chemise.]
Chemistry, kemls-tri, formerly Chymistry, n, the
science that treats of the nature and properties
ofbodies. [Tr.chimie; Sp.quimia; VLchimica:
from the ancient Alchemy, which see.]
chemist, kem'ist, n. one skilled in chemistry.
chemlc, kemlk, chemical, kem'i-kal, adj., belonging
to chemistry.adv. chemically.
Cheque, Chequer. See Check, Checker.
Cherish, See under Cheer.
Cherry, cher'ri, . a small bright red stone-fruit ;
the tree that bears itadj. like a cherry m
colour; ruddy. [Fr. cerise; L. cerasus: Gr
kerasos, from Cerasus, on the Black Sea, whence
it was imported into Italy.]
Chert, chert, n. a kind of quarts or flint ; horn-
stone. [Ger. quart.}
mCte ; mute ; mOon; Men,
 cherty Chine
cherty, chert/i, mdj, like or containing chert.
cherub, chcr'ub, n. a celestial spirit ; a beautiful Child, child, n. [pi. Chill,
Chilblain. See under
child.//, cher'uhi, cherubim, cher'abims. [Heb. forth, or begotten; aChU'drm), what is brought
son or daughter ; an inlant
kerub.]
cheroblc, che-ro'o'btk, cherublcal, che-rOS'bi-kal, adj. or very young person ; one intimately related to
one older ; a disciple:-//.offspring ; descendants ;
pertaining to cherubs; angelic. inhabitants. [A.S. cild, from cennan, to bring
See under Check, forth, from rootgan, gin, to beget. See Begin.]
chest, n., a box; a large strong box; the childbed, chlld'bed, n. the state ofa woman brought
part of the body between the neck and the ab to bed with child.
domen. [A.S. cyst, cist, cest ; Scot, kist; Gcr. childhood, chTld*hood, ., state of being a chihi.
kiste; L. cista; Gr. kiste.] [A.S. cildhad, from cild, and had, state.]
Chestnut, Chesnnt, ches'nut, . a nut or fruit en childish, childish, adj., of or like a child; silly ;
trifling.adv. childishly.;;. child'lshnees.
closed in a prickly case ; the tree that bears it. childless,
[old K.chesten-nutchesten ; old Fr. chastaigne; childlike, chlld'Ies, adj., without children.
chlldllk, adj., like a child; becoming a
L. castanea; Gr. hastanon, from Castana, in Pon- child ; meek ; docile ; innocent.
tus, whence the tree was introducedinto Europe.] Chlldermas-day, chil'der-mas-da, n. an anniversary
Cheval-de-frlae, she-vaTde-frez, n. lit. a Friesland
horse; a piece of timber armed with spikes, used of the Church of England, called also Innocent'
Day, held Dec. 28th, to commemorate the slaying
to defend a passage, or to stop cavalry.//. of the children by Herod, [child, mass, and day. j
elMTftu-de-frlse, she-vC'de-frcz. [Fr. cheval,
horse, de, of, Frise, Friesland.] Chiliad, kil'i-ad, . the number toco : 1000 of any
Chevalier, shev-arleV, n., a cavalier or horseman ; thing. [Gr. chilias, chiliadoschilioi, 1000.]
a knight; a gallant man. [Ft.cheval, L. cab Chill, chil, n.t coldness; a cold that causes shiver
allus, Gr. kabal&s, a horse.] ing ; anything that damps or disheartens.adj.
chivalry, shi^Val-ri, . orig. cavalry, horses and shivering with cold ; slightly cold ; distant ; for
chariots: the usages and qualifications ofcheva
liers or knights ; the system of knighthood ; with; cold mal dullv.t. to make chill or cold ; to blast
; to discourage '.pr.p. chhTing ; pa.p.
heroic adventures. [Fr. chevalerie.]
chlvalrtc, shiv'al-rik, chivalrous, shiv'al-rus, adj., chilled'.n. chlU'ncss. [A.S. cyU, coldness, celan,
pertaining to chivalry; bold; gallant.adv. chilly, chilli. adj.Cold,
to chill.] See C00L
somewhat chilZ.n. chill'iness.
cluValrouily. chilblain, chirblan, n., a blain or sore on hands or
Chew, chiJO, v.t, to cut and bruise with the teeth : feet caused by a chill or cold, [chill, and blain.\
Pr.p. chewing; /-i.f. chewed'. [A.S. ceowan; Chime, chlm, n. the harmonious sound of bells or
Ger. kauen: perhaps connected with Jaw.] other musical instruments ; agreement of sound
Chlaro-oscnro, ki-a'rO-os-kSO'rC. See Clare-obscure. or of relation :fl. a set of bells.v.i. to sound
Chicane, shi-kan', v.i. to quarrel about trifles; to in harmony; to jingle; to accord or agree.v.t.
make triflingobjections :pr.p. chican'ing ; pa.p. to strike, or cause to sound in harmony ;pr.p.
chicaned'.n. alsochicanery, triflingobjections; chlm'ing ; pa.b. chimed', [old E. chimb*. Dan.
shifts and tricks to deceive. [Fr. chicaner, to kimrn; Sw. kimma, low L. campana, a bell.]
wrangle; Sp. chico, small; It. cka, a trifle; L. Chimera, ki-mcYa, n. a fabulous, fire-spouting
ciccus, the core of a pomegranate, a trifle.} monster, with a lion's head, a serpent's tail, and a
Chlccory. See Chicory. goat's body; any idle or wild fancy. [L. chi-
Chick, chik, Chicken, chik'en, n, the young of fowls, meera ; Gr. chimaira, a she-goat.]
especially ofthe hen ; a child. [A.S. cicen ; Dutch, chimerical, ki-mer'i-kal, adj. of the nature of a
kiehm : from the sound made by a chicken.] chimera ; wild ; fanciful.adv. chimer'ically.
chicken-hearted, chik'en-hart'ed, adj. as timid as a Chimney, chim'ni, >. lit. :ifireplace; a passage or
chicken; fearful, funnel for the escape of smoke, or heated air.
chicken-pox, ctuVen-poks, n. a mild skin-disease, [Fr. cheminie ; It. cammino; L.caminus; Gr.
generally attacking children only, kaminos, a furnace, prob. from kaid, to bum.]
chickling, chilc1ing,., a Utile chicken. chlmney-plece, chim'm-pes, a piece or shelf over
chick-weed, chilc'wdd, n. a low creeping weed that the chimney or fireplace,
birds are fond of. chimney-shaft, chim'm-shaft, n. the shaft or stalk of
Chicory, Chlccory, chik'o-ri; n., succory, a carrot- a chimney which rises above the building.
Kke plant, the root of which when ground is used Chimpanzee, chim-pan'ze, . a species of monkey
to adulterate coffee. [Fr. chicorie, L. cichorium.\ found in Africa^ which approaches most nearly
Chide, chTd, v.i., to scold; to quarrel.v.t. to to man, and is three or four feet in height,
scold, rebuke, reprove by words :pr.p. chld'ing ; [supposed to be a native name of the animal.]
Pa.t. chid, (obs.) chOde ; Pa.p. chid, chid'den. Chin, chin, n, the jutting part of the face, below
[A.S. cidan, chidan, to scold, to chide.} the mouth; the lower jaw. [A.S. cinn, cinne;
Chief, chef, adj., head; principal, highest, first.n. Ice., Gcr. kinn ; W. gen; L. gena, the check ;
a head or principal person ; a leader; the prin Gr. genus; Sans. hanu,\
cipal part or top of anything. [Fr. chef; It.
capo ; h. caput; Gr. kephali; Sans, kapala.] China, chrna, n. a fine kind of earthenware, origin
ally made in China; porcelain.
chiefly, chCfli, adv. in the first place ; principally; Chinese, chl-nez', adj. of or belonging to China.
for the most part.
cMertain, chef'tin, or 'tin, ., the head of a clan ; a Chlncoogh, chinTcof, n. a disease attended with
violentjitsofcoughing; hooping-cough. [Dutch,
leader or commander, [from Chief, like captain, kincken, to wheeze, kinck-hoest, Scot, kink-host,
which see.}mt. chieftaincy, chieftainship. chincough ; Goth, kinken, to breathe with diffi
Chiffonier, shif-on-Jr', n. lit a place for rags; an culty, formed from the sound.]
ornamental cupboard. [Fr.chiffon, a rag.] Chine, chin, n. the spine or backbone, from its
Cite, far ; me, her ; mine ; mote ;
 Chink Chose
thorfx-like form ; a piece of the backbone of a water; a paste or preparation made from the
beast and adjoining parts for cooking. [Fr. cocoa-nut. [Fr. ckocUat ; Sp. chocolate; from
ickine; It. schiena; old Gcr. skina, a pin, thorn ; Mexican chocolatlckoco, cocoa, latl, water.]
connected with L. spina, a thorn, the spine.] Choice. Sec under Choose.
Chink, chingk, n. a rent, crack, or cleft; a narrow Choir. See under Chorus.
opening.v.i. to split or crack. [A.S. cine, a Choke, chOk, v.t., to throttle; to suffocate ; to stop
chink, a cleft, cinan, to split, cinean, to gape.] or obstruct.v.i. to be choked or suffocated ; to
Chink, chingk, n. the clink or sound of money or any be
small piece of metal when struck on something [A-S.obstructed \pr.p. chOk'ing ; pa.p. choked'.
hard.v.t. to cause to sound, as coin, when quok, aceocjan, from ceoca, a cheek; Ice. kok,
struck together or on something hard.v.i. to chuckle, chuk'l, v.i.; toScotlaugh
the throat chouks, the jaws.]
in the throat or in
give a sharp sound, as coin :-Pr.p. chink'ing ; wardly in triumph '.pr.p, chuckling ; Pa.p.
Pa.p. chinked', [from the sound.] chuck'led.
Chintz, chints, n, cotton cloth, printed in five or six Choler, kol'er, n. lit. tJte bile ; anger or irascibility,
different colours. [Hind, chkint, spotted cotton once supposed to arise from excess of bile, [old
cloth ; Pers. chinz, spotted ; Ger. zits.] Fr. cholere; L., Gr. choleraGr. choli, bile.]
Chip, chip, v.t. to chop or cut into small pieces ; to choleric, kol'cr-ik, adj. full of ckoler or anger ;
diminish by cutting away a little at a time.v.i. angry; petulant.
to break off in small pieces '.Pr.p. chipp'ing ; cholera, kol'er-a, . a disease characterised by
Pa.p. chipped'.n. a small piece of wood or other bilious vomiting and purging. [Gr. cholera
substance chopped off. [Dutch* kippen, to pare ; ckole, bile : or cholera, a gutter or water-spout]
old Ger. kippe, a chopping-knife.] See Chop. choleraic, kol-er-a'ik, adj., ofthe nature ofcholera.
Chirography, kT-rog'ra-fi, n, lit. hand-writing; the Choose, chdTJz, v.t. lit. to prove or try ; to pick out
art of writing or penmanship. [Gr. cheir, the what is proved or approved ; to take one thing in
hand, grapki, writing.]adj. chirographic,
chirographer, kl-rog'ra-fer, chlrographlst, kl-rog'ra- preference to another; to selectv.i. to have
the power of choice ; to will or determine :pr.p.
fist, n. one who professes the art of writing. choosing ;pa.t. chflse ; /jz./.choYen. [Fr. ckoisir;
Chirology, kT-rol'o-gi, n. the art of discoursing ivith A.S. ceosan; Dutch, kiesen ; Goth, kiusan, prob.
ike hands or by signs as the deaf and dumb do. from kausjan, to prove, try.]
[Gr. cheir, the hand, logos, a discourse.] choice, chois, n. act or power of choosing; the
chlrologist, kT-rol'o-gist, . one who converses by thing chosen ; preference ; the preferable or best
signs with the hands. part.adj. worthy of being chosen ; select, [old
Chiropodist, kT-rop'o-dist, n. a handandfoot doctor ; E. and old Fr. ckois, Fr. choix.]
one who removes corns, bunions, warts, &c. [Gr. Chop, chop, v.t. lit to give a sudden blow; to cut
cheir, the hand, and Pons, podos, the foot.] with a sudden blow ; to cut into small pieces.
Chirurgeon, ki-rur'iun, n. one who cures diseases by v.i. to shift suddenly as the wind :Pr.p. chopp'-
operations ivith the hand; now Surgeon. [Fr. ing ; chopped . [Ger. happen ; low L. cop-
ckirurgien; L. chirurgus; Gr. ckeirourros Pare; Gr. koptH, from a root hop, to strike.]
cheir, the hand, ergon, a work.]n. chirurgery, chop, chop, n., apiece choppedoff, especially ofmeat
now surgery.adj. chirur'plcaJ, now surgical chopper, chop'er, n. one who or that which chops.
Chirp, cherp, n. the $harf>, shrill sound of certain Chop, chop, v.t., to exchange or barter; to put
birds ana insects.v.t. to make a short, sharp one thing in place of another :pr.P. chopp'ing :
noise, such as certain birds make:/r./. chirp Pa.p. chopped'. [A.S. ceapian; Ger. kaufen;
ing; Pa.p. chirped', [from the sound] Goth, kaupon; Scot coup, to buy or sclL]
Chisel, chiz'el, n. lit. a cutter; a tool to cut or Chop, chop, n,. Hie chap or jaw, generally used in
hollow out, wood, stone, &c.v.t. to cut, carve, pi. [See Chap.]
&c. with a chisel '.Pr.p. chis'elling ; pa.p. chis'- chop-fallen, chop'-fawln, adj. lit. having the chop or
elled. [old Fr. cisel; low L. cisellusL. sicili- lower \wfallen down ; cast-down; dejected.
cula, dim, of secula, a sickle, from seco, to cut] Choral, &c. See under Chorus.
Chit, chit, n. lit a shoot or sprout; a baby : a lively Chord, kord, n. lit an intestine or gut; a string of
or pert young child.v.i. to sprout or germinate. gut ; the string of a musical instrument ; a com
[A.S. citk, a young tender shoot] bination of tones in harmony ; in geometry, a
Chivalry, &c. See under Chevalier. straight line joining the extremities of an arc
Chlorine, klS'rTn, n. a Pale-green gas, with a dis [Fr. corde; L. ckorda; Gr. ckorde, an intestine.]
agreeable, suffocating odour. [I r. chlorine ; low Chorister. Sec under Chorus.
L. chlorina, from Gr. ckldros, pale-green.] Chorus, kO'rus, . orig. a dance in a ring or round
chloric, klfl'rik, adj., ofor from chlorine.
chloride, klO'rid, n. a compound of chlorine with dance, a band
then, a dance accompanied with singing;
of singers and dancers ; a company of
some other substance, as potash, soda, &c.
chlorite, klo'rit, . a soft mineral of a greenish cal piece; that
singers which is sung by a chorus ; a musi
in two or more parts. [L. chorus ; Gr.
colour, with a soapy feeling when handled, choros, originally perhaps meaning a circle.]
chloroform, klO'ro-form, w. orig. a compound of choir, kwTr, n. a chorus
chlorine and formic acid, a colourless volatile ally those belonging toor aband of singers, especi
liquid, distilled from rectified spirit, water, and church appropriated to thechurch ; the part of a
chloride oflime, much used to induce insensibility a cathedral separated from the nave; thesingers part of
by a rail or
during the performance of any surgical opera screen. [Fr. ckorur, It coro, from L. chorus.]
tion. [Gr. ckldros, and formtc acid, so called
because orig. made from ants, "L.formica, an ant] choral, ko'ral, adj. belonging to a chorus or choir.
Chocolate, chok'0-lat, . a beverage made by mixing chorister,
Chose,
koKist-er, n. a member of a choir.
ch5z,Pa.t. and obs. pa.p. of Choose.
the cocoa-msX., roasted and ground, with hot
fate, far ; me", her ; mine ; mOtc ; mute ;
 chosen
chosen, choVnpastparticiple of Choose.
Chough, chuf, n. a kind ofjackdaw which frequents
rocky places and the sca-coast. [A.S. ceo; Fr.
choucas : from the cry of the bird.]
Chrism, krizm, . lit. that which is smeared on ;
ointment ; consecrated or holy oil ; unction. [Gr.
chrisma, from chrt'S, chrisd, to anoint.]
ehrtsmaJ, krir/mal, adj., pertaining to chrism.
Christ, krist, n. lit. the anointed ; the Messiah.
[A.S. crt'st ; L. Christus ; Gr. Christoschrid,
c/irisd, to anoint.]
chrirtnp kris'n, v.t. to baptise in the name ofCArtst;
to give a name to '.Pr.p. and n. christening ;
Pa.p. chris'tened. [A.S. cristnian.]
Christendom, kris'n-dum, n. that part of the world
under Christian rule; the whole body of Chris
tians. [A.S. Cristendomcrtsten, a Christian,
dom, rule, sway.]
Christian, krist'yan, . a follower of Christ; one
born ofChristian parents.adj. relating to Christ
or his religion. [A.S. cristene ; old Fr. chris
tian; L. Chrislianus; Gr. Christianos.]adjs.
ChrlcfUnlike, Christ'Unly.
Christianise, krist/yan-Tz, v.t., to make Christian;
to convert to Christianity :pr.p. Chris'tianlsing ;
Pa.p. Chris'tianlsed.
Christianity, kris-ti-an'i-ti, n. the religion of Christ.
Christmas, kris'mas, tt. an annual festival, orig. a
mass, in memory of the birth of Christ, held on
the 25th of December. [Christ, and Ham.]
Christmas-box, kris'mas-boks, n. lit. a boee containing
Christmas presents : a Christmas gift.
Christology, kris-tol'o-ji, n., a discourse on Christ.
[Gr. Christos, and logos, a discourse.]
Chromatic, krO-mat'ik, adj. relating to colours;
coloured ; in music, proceeding by semitones.
[L. chromaticus ; Gr. chrHmatikoschrdma,
colourchrdnnumi, to stain.]n.sing. Chro
matics, the science of colours.
Chrome, krum, Chromium, krO'mi-um, n. a metal re
markable for the colours of its compounds. [Gr.
chr&ma.]adj. chrom'ic.
Chronic, kron'ik, Chronic*!, kronlk-al, adj., relating
to time; lasting a long time; periodical. [L.
chronicits ; Gr. chronikoschronos, time.]
chronicle, kronl-kl, n. a register of events in the
order of time; a history.v.t. to record in
history *Pr:p. chron'icling ; pa.p. chron'icled.
n. chron'icier, a historian.
chronology, kro-nol'o-ji, n. lit. a discourse on time;
the science of computing the dates ofpast events.
[Gr. chronologiachronos, time, logos, a dis
course.]adjs. chronologic, chronolog ical.adv.
chronolog ically.ns. chronol'oger, chronorogist
chronometer, kro-nom'e-ter, n. an instrument for
measuring time ; a watch. [Gr. chronos, metron,
a measure.]adjs. chronomet rlc, chronomet'rlcaL
Chrysalis, kris'a-Iis, n. the form, often gold-coloured,
assumed by some insects before they become
winged.//, chrysalides (i-dez). [L. chrysallts;
Gr. chrysallischrysos, gold.]adj. chrys'alid.
chrysolite, kris'o-llt, n., the gold stone; a mineral of
a yellowish colour. [Gr. chrysos, lithos, a stone.]
chrysoprase, kris'o-praz, ehrysopraras, kris-op'ra-sus,
n. avariety ofchalcedony: in ,, a yellowish-green
stone, nature unknown. [Gr. chrysos, andprason,
a leek. ]
Chub, chub, . a small river-fish with a large head.
[A. S. copp, Ger. hop/, the head : L. capita, a fish
with a large headcaput, the head.]
fate, far ; me, her ; mine ;
Cigar
chnbby, chub!, adj., chub-like; short and thick;
plump.n. chab'biness.
Chuck, chuk, n. the call of a hen ; a word ofendear
ment; a slight blow.v.t. to call as a hen ; to
strike gently.v.i. to call as a hen 'pr.p.
chucking; Pa.p. chucked', [from the sound.]
chuckle, chutc'l, v.t. to call, as a hen does her chick
ens ; to caress '.pr.p. chuckling ;pa.p. chuckled.
Chuckle, to laugh in the throat. [See Choke.]
Chum, chum, ., a guest; a chamber-fellow. [A.S.
cuma, a guestcuman, to come : or a contr. of
Fr. camarade, a comrade, one occupying the
same chamber, L. camera, with another.]
Church, church, n. lit. the Lord's house ; a house set
apart for the worship of God ; the whole body of
Christians ; the clergy ; any body of Christians.
v.t. to perform with any one the giving of
thanks in church :pr.p. church'ing ; Pa.p.
churched'. [A.S. circe; Ger. kirche; Scot, kirk:
Gr. kyriahiKyrios, the Lord.] [of England.
churchman, church man, n. a memberof the Church
churchwarden, church-wawr'den, n. lit. a guardian
ofthe church ; an officer who represents the inter
ests of a parish or church. [Church, and warden.]
churchyard, church'y5rd, tt., the yard round tlut
church, where the dead are buried.
Churl, churl, ., a countryman; hence, an ill-bred,
surly fellow. [A.S. ceorl, a countryman ; Ice.
karl, a man ; Ger. kerl; Scot, carl, carle.]
churlish, churlish, adj., like a churl; rude ; surly;
ill-bred.adv. churl ishly.. churlishness.
Churn, churn, v.t., to turn or shake violently, as
cream when making butter :/r./. churn'iiijj;
pa.p. churned'.tt, a vessel in which cream is
churned. [A.S. rirtt, cerenecernan, to churn
cyrratt, cerran, to turn; Ice. kirrta; Scot, kirrt.]
Chose, chCOz, v.t. a form of Choose.
Chyle, kil, n. lit.juice, liquid ; a white fluid drawn
from the food while in the intestines. [Gr. chylos
cheif, to be liquid.]adjs. chyla/ceous, chylous.
chylifactive, kil-i-fak'tiv, adj. having the power to
make chyle. [L. chylus, andfacio, to make.]
tt. chyllfaVtlon, or chyllllca'tion.
Chyme, klm, n. lit. a liquid; the pulp to which the
food is reduced in the stomach. [L. chymus, Gr.
chymosched, to be liquid.]adj. chym'ous.
ehymlllcatlon, ktm-i-fi-ka'shun, n. the act of being
formed into chyme, [h. chymus,facio, to make.]
Chymlst, Chymiitry, now Chemist, Chemistry.
Clbarious, si-ba'ri-us, adj. relating tofood; that can
be eaten. [L. cibariuscibus, food.)
Cicatrice, sik'a-tris [Fr.], Cicatrix, si-katriks [I*L
n. the scar over a wound after it is healed.
cicatrise, sik'a-trTz, v.t. to help the formation of a
skin or cicatrix on a wound or ulcer by medi
cines.v.i. to heal :pr.p. cic'atrising ; pa.p.
cic'atrTscd. [Fr. cicatriser.]
Cicerone, sis-e-ron'e, tt. one who points out local
curiosities and talks like an orator about them ;
a guide. [It.L. Cicero, the Roman orator.]
Ciccrouian,sis-c-ro'ui-an, rcl.-iting tour like Ctccrv.
Cider, sfder, . lit. intoxicating drink ; a drink
made from apple-juice. [Fr. cidre ; L. sicera;
Gr. sikera, strong drinkHeb. shakar, to be
intoxicated.] cl'derkin, an inferior cider.
Ciel, sfil, v.t. in B., to panel or wainscot '.pr.p.
cicllng; Pa.p. ciclcd'. [from root of ceiling.]it.
ciel'ing, wainscoting.
Cigar, si-gar*, . a small roll of tobacco for smoking.
[Sp. ctgarro, a kind of tobacco in Cuba.]
mote ; mute ; nOQo ; then.
 Cilia Circumstance
CU1&, sil'yS, .>/. lit eyelashes; hair-like append spread about '.pr.p. circulating ; Pa.p. circu
ages on the edge of a vegetable body, or on an lated. [L. circulo, circulatus.]
animal organ or animalcule. [L. cilium, pi. cilia, circulation, ser-ku-la'shun, . the act of moving in
eyelid*, eyelashes ; Gr. kyla.]adjs. ciliary, citt- a circle, or of going and returning ; the money
ated, having cilia, in use at any time in a country.
Clmbrlc, simorik, adj. relating to the Cimbri, a circulator, sericu-kVtor, ft., one who circulates.
tribe originally from the north of Germany. adj. circulatory, circular; circulating.
Clmeter, sim'e-ter, Bclmltar, sim'i-tar, w. a curved circuit, seTkit, ft. the act of moving round; that
sword used in the East. [Fr. cimeterre; Sp. which encircles; a round made in the exercise of
a calling. [Fr. ; L. circuituscircueo, to go
cimitarra; It scimitarra; from Basque, cirrte- roundct'rcum,
tarra, or Pers. shamslicr, or shemshir.] round, eo, itum, to go.]
Cimmerian, sim-mS'ri-an, adj. relating to the Ctm- circuitous,
round
ser-ku'it-us, adj., going in a circuit;
aboutadv. clrcu'ltoutly.
vterii, a tribe fabled to have lived in perpetual Circumambient, ser-kum-am'bi-ent, adj., going
darkness; extremely dark.
Cinchona, sin-kO na, n. the bark of a tree that grows ambio, to go roundambi, Gr.[L.ampki,
round about; surrounding. circum, about
around,
in Peru, a valuable medicine for ague, [so and eo, to go.]
called from the Countess del Cinehern who was
cured by it and introduced it into Spain.] Circumambulate, ser-kum-am"bu-lat, v.i., to walk
Cincture, singk'tQr, ., a girdle or belt ; something round about:pr.p. circumam'buliting ; Pa.t>.
circumam'bulated. [L. circum, about, ambule,
worn round the body ; a moulding round a ambulatus, to walk.]. circumambula'tlon.
column. [L. cincturacingo, cinctus, to gird, Circumcise, serlcum-slz,
surround.]adj. cinc'tured, having a cincture. v.t. lit. to cut around; to
Cinder, sin'der, n. the refuse of burned coals; any frr.p. cut off the foreskin according to the Jewish law :
circumcising
thing charred by fire. [Fr. cendre; It. centre ; L. circumcido, circumcisuscircum, ; pa.p. circumcised. [L.
cinis, cineris, ashes ; conn, with Gr. hemis, dust.] to around, caedo,
cut.]
dndery, sin'der-i, adj., like or composed of cinders. circumcision, ser-kum-sizh'un, n. the act of circum- [rising.
cinerary, sin'er-ar-i, adj., pertaining to ashes.
ciceration, sin-cr-a'shun, clnefactlon, sin-e-fak'shun, Clrcumference, ser-kum'fer-ens, n. the line that is
. the act of reducing to a cinder or to ashes. [L. carried round about or bounds any figure ; the
cinis, and/ado, to make.] boundary-line of any round body. adj. circum
ferential. [L. circum, about,
Cingalese, Singhalese, sing'ga-Iez, n./l. the natives Circumflex, to carry.]
of Ceylon.adj. belonging to Ceylon. serlcum-fieks, n. lit a bending round;
Cinnabar, sin'a-bar, n. lit dragon*s blood; native red the voice on a vowel or syllable. [L. circum%of
an accent (a) denoting a rising andfalling
sulphuret ofmercury, called vermilion when used around,jlecto, flexus, to bend.]
as a pigment [L. cinnabaris,Or. kinnabari, drag clrcumfleot,
on's blood .a d ye fromthegumofthe tree so called.] mark withserOcum-flekt, v.t. to give effect to or
a circumflex Xpr.p. circumflect'ing ;
1
Cinnamon, sin'na-mon, n. the spicy bark of a laurel pa.p. circumflcct'ed.
in Ceylon. [L. cinnamomum; Heb. kinnamon.] Circumfluent, ser-kum'floo-ent, adj.,flowing round
Cinque, single, n. the numberJive. [Fr.]
cinque-foil, singk'-foil, n. theflve-bladed clover. [Fr. about. [L. circum, round about,jluens,jluentis,
flowing-fluo, to flow.]
cinque, andjeuille, "L*Selium,Gr.phyllon,a.\ca.{ Circumfuse, scr-kum-fQr', v.t., to pour around:
filled,plduS, tobloom; Sans./A*/, tospread out]
Cipher, slTer, n. in aritk. the character 0, the use of Pr.p.
cum,
circumfuYing ; Pa.p. circumfOsed* fL. cir-
mound,/undo,jusus, to pour.]ft* circum-
which is to fill an empty place ; any of the nine fa'don.
figures ; anything of little value ; an interweaving Circumjacent, ser-kum-ja'sent, adj., lying round ;
ofthe initials ofa name; a secret kind ofwriting. bordering on every side. [L. circum, round,
v.i. to work at arithmetic.v.t. to write in secret jacens, lyingjacec, to lie.)
characters :p*"-P- ciphering ; pa.p. ciphered. Circumlocution, ser-kum-lO-kfl'shun, ft., a speaking
[It. ci/ra; Fr. chiffre; Ar. cifr, empty.] round about ; a manner or form of expression in
Circaasian.ser-kash'yan, adj. belonging to Circassia, which more words are used than are necessary.
a country on the north of Mount Caucasus. adj. circumlocutory. [L. circum, around,
Orepan, ser-se'an, adj. relating to the fabled Circe, loquor, locutus, to speak.]
who was supposed to have great knowledge of
magic and poisonous herbs ; magical ; poisonous. Circumnavigate,
or sail round.
ser-kum-navl-gat, v.t., to navigate
[L. circum, round, and Navi
Circle, fierk'l, n. a plane figure bounded by a line gate.]n. circumnarlga'tlon.
every point of which is equally distant from a circumnavigator, ser-kum-nar'i-gat-or, [sails round,
., one who
point in the middle called the centre ; the line
which bounds the figure ; a ring ; a series ending Circumscribe, serTcum-skrlb, v. t. lit. to write
around ; to draw a line round ; to enclose within
where it began ; a company surrounding the certain limits ifr.P- cir'cumscrlbing ; pa.p. cir
principal person.v.t. to move round; to en cumscribed. [L. circum, around, scrtbo, to
compass.v.i. to move in a circle '.fr.p. circ write.] [the line that limits.
ling ; Pa.p. circled. [A.S. circol, It. ctrcolo, from circumscription, scr-kum-skrip'shun, ft. limitation ;
L. circuius, dim. of circus, Gr. kirkos, a circle.] Circumspect, serTcum-spekt,
circlet, serklet, ., a little circle. adj., looking round on
circular, serTcQ-lar, adj., like a circle; round ; end all sides watchfully; cautious; prudentadv
ing in itself; addressed to a circle of persons. around, circumspectly.n. clr'cuDsptetness, [L. circum,
ft. an address to a circle of persons. adz: cir circumspection, sfecio, specturn, to look.]
cularly.n. circularity, ser-kum-spek'shun, n., circumspect*
circulate, serTcQ-lat, v. t. to make to go round as in tiess; watchfulness; caution.
a circle; to spread.v.i. to move round ; to be Circumstance, serpenm-stans, w. lit. that which
fate, far ; mi, her; mine ; mOte ; mute ; mOOn; Men.
 circumstantial
stands round or accompanies ; something attend
ant upon or relative to a fact ; an accident or
event.//, the state of one's affairs. [ L. circum,
round, stans, stantis, standingsip, to stand.]
elrcrunrtaaUal, ser-kum-stan'shal, adj., consistingof
or abounding in circumstances ; particular ;
minute.adv. circTunstan'tuUly.
csrcmmstantlals, ser-kum-stan'shals, n.pl. incidentals.
drcumitantlate, ser-kum-stan'shi-at, v.t., to prvce
by circumstances; to describe exactly :^r.j*.
circumstantiating ; Pa.p. circumstan'tiatcd.
CIrcTimvallatlon, ser-kum-ral-li'shun, ., a sur
rounding with a wail; a wall or fortification
surrounding a town or fort. [L. circum, around,
vallum, an earthen rampart or wall.]
Circumvent, ser-kum-vent', or ser7, v.t., to come
round or outwit a person ; to deceive ; to cheat :
pr.p. circumventing ; Pa.p. circumvented.-u.
circumvention. [L. circum, round, venio, to come.]
Ircunwatlve, ser-kum-vent'iv, adj. deceiving by
artifices.
OrcomvolTe, ser-kum-volv', v.t. and v.t'., to roil
round :- pr.p. circumvolv'ing ; pa.p. circum-
\ .ilvcd'.n. clrcumvoiu tion. [L. circum, round,
volvo, volutum, to roll.]
Qrcni, serlcus. n. lit. a circle ; a circular building
for the exhibition of games ; a place for the exhi
bition of feats of horsemanship. [L. circus ; Gr.
kirkot, a ring, a circle.]
Qmii, sirrus, n. lit. a tuft ofhair, curl; the highest
form of cloud consisting of curling fibres : in
a tendril : in tool., any curled filament. [L.J
cirrous, sir'nis, adj., having a curl or tendril.
Cisalpine, sis-al'pin, adj., on this side (to the Ro
mans) ofthe A that is, on the south side. [L.
cis, on this side, and Alpine. ;
(Sat, sist, ., a chest ; a tomb consisting of a stone
dust covered with stone slabs. [See Chart, Cyrt ]
cistern, sis'tern( n, any receptacle for holding water
or other liquid ; a reservoir. [L. cistema, from
cista, a chest.]
at, sit, n. shortened from citizen, and used as a
term of contempt. [Sec citizen.]
ClUdflL See under City.
Cite, sit, v.t., to call or summon: to summon to
answer in court ; to quote ; to name ij fr.p. cH'-
inff ; /a./, clt'ed. [ L. cito, to call, intensive of clammy, klam'mi, adj. sticky ; moist and adhesive.
cieo, do, to make to go.]
citation, sl-ta'sbun, n. an official summons to ap
pear, or the paper by which such call is made ;
the act of quoting ; the passage or name quoted.
Cttharn, sith'ern, Cittern, sit'ern, n. a musical in
strument like the guitar. [A.S. cytere, L. cith-
ara, Gr. hithara. Ste Guitar.]
Citizen. See under City.
Citron, sit'run, n. the fruit of the citron-tree, re
sembling a lemon. [L. citrus, prob. a corruption
of Gr. kedros, the cedar.]
City, sit'i, n. orig. a state, or town together with
the territory surrounding and belonging to it ;
in Eng. law, a town that has been, or is the seat
of a bishop ; a large town. [Fr. citi, a cityL.
crvitas, the statecivis, a citizen.]
citadel, sit'a-del, n. lit a little city ; a fortress in or bersofa clan.adv. clann'iahjy.. clann'lshnoss.
near a city. [It. cittadella, dim. ofcittd, a city.] clanship, klan'ship, n. union ; association of fami
citizen, sit'i-zen, n. an inhabitant of a city; a trader
or townsman ; a freeman, [old E. citetaine,
cyteseyne.}w. cit'lxenrtlp, the rights of a citizen. Clandeitine, klnn-des'tin, adj., concealed or hidden ;
civic, siv'ik, adj. , pertaining to a city or a citizen.
fate, far ; me, her ; mine ; mOte ; mute ; mOOn ; Men.
Clandestine
civil, siv'il, adj., pertaining to a city or to the
community and internal government : having the
refinement of city-bred people ; polite : intestine,
not foreign : commercial, not military : lay, not
ecclesiastical.adv. dVllly. [L. civtliscivis.]
civilian, si-vil'yan, n. a professor or student of Civil
Law ; one engaged in civil as distinguished from
military and other pursuits.
civilise, sivll-Ii, v.t., to make civil; to reclaim from
barbarism ; to instruct in arts and refinements >
pr.p. civilising ; pa.p. civilised.
civilisation, siv-il-i-za'shun, n. the act of civilising,
or the state of being civilised.
civility, si-vil'i-ti, *. good-breeding ; politeness.
Clvts, sTvz, n. a plant of the leek and onion genua
growing in tufts. [Fr. cive, L. catpa, an onion.]
Civet, siv'et, n. a perfume obtained from the civet
or civet-cat, a small carnivorous animal of N.
Africa. [Fr. mvette; It. zibetto; Pers. zabad.)
Clack, klak, v.t., to make a sudden sharp noise as
by striking :pr.p. claclr/ing ; Pa.p. clacked*.
n. a sharp sudden sound frequently repeated,
[from the sound.}
Clad, klad, past participle of Cloth*.
Claim, klam, v.t., to call outfor or proclaim ; to
demand as a right '.pr.p. claim'ing ; Pa.p.
claimed'.n. a demand for something supposed
due ; a title ; the thing claimed. [L. clamo, to
call out, for calmo, from calo, Gr. kaled, to call.]
claimable, kUm'a-bl, adj. that may be claimed.
claimant, klam ant, n. one who makes a claim.
clamant, klam'ant, adj., calling aloud or earnestly.
clamour, klam'or, k., a calling out; a loud con
tinuous outcry ; uproar.v.u to cry aloud in de
mand ; to make a loud continuous outcry :pr.p.
clamouring ; Pa.p. clam'oured. [L. clamor.]
clamorous, klam or-us, adj. noisy, boisterous.adv.
clun'orously.. clarn'oronanaas.
Clairvoyance, ktir-voi'ans, ., clear-sightedness ; the
pretended power of seeing things not present to
the senses. [Fr.clair, L, clarus, clear, and Fr.
voir, L. video, to see.]
clairvoyant, klar-voi'ant, adj. relating to clairvoy
ance.m. one who professes clairvoyance.
Clam, klam, v.t. to clog with sticky matter :pr.p.
clamming; fa.p. clammed'. [A.S. c/armian:
connected with Clamber. Clamp, Climb.]
n . clamminess.
Clamber, klam'ber, v.i., to climb with difficulty,
grasping with the hands and feet '.pr.p. clam'-
bering ; pa.p. clam'bered. [Ger. kiammsrn
klemmen, to squeeze or hold tightly.]
Clamp, klamp, n. lit something that fastens or
binds ; a piece of timber, iron, &c used to fasten
things together or to strengthen any framework,
v./. to bind with clamps. [A.S. clam, a band
age ; Dutch, klampklamfen, to fasten.]
Clan, klan, n. a tribe or collection of families sub
ject to a single chieftain, bearing the same sur
name, and supposed to have a common ancestor;
a clique, sect, or body of persons. [Gael, c/ann,
Ir. c/ann or eland, offspring, tribe.]
clanniah, klan'ish, adj. closely united like the mem
lies under a chieftain.
clansman, klanz'man, . a member of a clan.
private ; unlawful ; sly.adz: clandestinely. [L.
clandestineclam, secretlycelo, to conceal.]
7*
 Clang
Clang, klang, v.t. to strike together with a ringing
metallic sound.v.i. to produce a sharp, shrill
sound '.Pr.p. clanging ; Pa.p. clanged .n. a
sharp, ringing sound, like that made by metallic
substances struck together. [L. clango; Gr.
klazS, klang-ksS, to make a sharp piercing sound ;
Ger. klang: formed from the sound.]
clangour, klang'gur, ., a clang; a sharp, shrill,
harsh sound. [L. clangor.}
clank, klangk, n. the light, sharp clang or sound,
made by the striking of metallic bodies, as
chains.v.t. or i. to make or cause a clank :
Pr.p. clankIng ; /a./, clanked'.
Clannish, &c See under Clan.
Clap, klap, n. the noise made by the sudden strik
ing together of two things, as the hands ; a sud
den act or motion; a burst of sound.v.t. to
strike together so as to make a noise ; to thrust
or drive together suddenly ; to applaud with the
hands.v.t. to strike the hands together; to
strike together with noise '.pr.p. clapping;
Pa.p. clapped'. [A.S. clafpan; Dutch and Ger.
klappen: formed from the sound.]
klap'pcr, n., one who claps; that which
claps, as the tongue of a bell,
clap-trap, klap'-trap, n. orig. a trap, or contrivance
for clapping in theatres ; a trick to gain applause.
Clare-obscure, klaVob-skur, Cbiaro-oBcuro, ki-3'r3-
os-koT/rO, n., clear-obscure; light and shade in
painting. [Fr. clear, h. clarus, clear, and Fr.
obscur, L. obscurus, obscure ; It. chiaro, clear,
oscuro, obscure.]
claret, klar'et, n. orig. applied to wines of a light
or clear red colour, but now used in England
for the dark-red wines of Bordeaux. [Fr. cfairet
clair, L. clarus, clear.]
clarify, klarl-fT, v.t., to make clear.v.i. to become
clear:/r./. clarifying; Pa.p. clarified. [L.
clarus, clear, and/ado, to make.]
clarification, klar-i-fi-k&'shun,. the act of clearing.
clarlfler, kiarl-fl-er, n. that which clarifies or
purifies.
clarion, klarl-on, n. a kind of trumpet whose note
is clear and shrill. [Fr. claironclair, clear.]
clarionet, klarl-on-et, clarinet, klarl-net, n. lit. a
small clarion; a wind instrument of music,
sounded by means of a reed fixed to the mouth
piece. [Fr. clarineite, dim. ofclairon.]
Clash, klash, n. a loud noise, such as is caused by
the striking together /)f weapons ; opposition ;
contradiction.v.i. to dash noisily together;
to meet in opposition ; to act in a contrary direc
tion.v.t. to strike noisily against :pr.p. and
n. clashing; Pa.p. clashed'. [Ger. klatsch;
Dutch, kletse; Gr. klazd : formed from the sound.]
Clasp, klasp, n. the thing which claps together or en
circles, and closes with a snap ; a hook for fasten
ing ; an embrace.v.t. to fasten with a clasp ; to
enclose and hold in the hand, or arms ; to em
brace ; to twine round '.Pr.p. clasping ; pa.p.
clasped', [old Eng. elapseClap.]
elasper, klasp'er, ., that which clasps; the tendril
of a plant.
clasp-knife, klasp'-nlf, n. a knife, the blade of which
is clasped by, or folds into, the handle.
Class, klas, . lit. the people called or assembled
together ; a rank or order of persons or things ;
a number of students pursuing the same studies ;
a scientific division or arrangement.v. t. to form
into a class or classes ; to arrange methodically :
Pr.p. classing ; pa.p. classed'. [Fr. classe,
fate, far ; me", her ; mine ;
72
Clear
L. classis, Gr. ktfsis, kalesis, a calling together,
from kaleS, to call.]
classic, klas'ik, classical, klaslk-al, adj. lit relating
or belonging to the class ; of the highest class or
rank, especially in literature ; originally and
chiefly used of the best Greek and Roman
writers; chaste; refined.classics, n.pl. Greek,
Roman, and modem writers of the first rank, or
their works.adv. classically.
cUssicality, klas-ik-all-ti, elasslcalness, klaslk-al-
nes, n, the quality of being classical.
classify, klasl-fI, v.t., to make or form into classes;
to arrange :Pr.p. classifying ; Pa^p. classified.
[L. classis, andfacio, to make.]
classification, klas-i-fi-ka'shun, n. act of forming
into classes.
Clatter, klat'er, n. a repeated confused rattling
noise; a repetition of abrupt, sharp sounds.-
v.i. to make rattling sounds; to rattle with the
tongue ; to talk fast and idly.v.t. to strike so
as to produce a rattling :pr.p. clatr/ering ; pa.p.
clattered. [A.S. clatrung, cleadur, anything
that makes a clattering : formed from the sound!]
Clause, klawz, n. lit that which is enclosed; a sen
tence or part of a sentence ; an article or part of
a contract, will, &c. [Ft. clause; from L. clausut
claudo, to shut, enclose.]
CBaosferaL See under Cloister.
Clave, klitvdid cleavepast tense of Cleave.
Clavicle, klavl-kl, . lit. a Utile key; the collar
bone, so called from its resemblance to a Roman
key. [L. clavicula, dim. of clavis, a key.]
clavicular, kla-vik'Q-lar, adj. pertaining to the
clavicle.
(Haw, klaw, n. something clejl or split ; the hooked
nail of a beast or bird ; the whole foot of an ani
mal with hooked nails ; anything like a claw.
v.t. to scratch or tear as with the claws or nails ;
to tickle :-~Pr.p. clawing; pa.p. clawed'. [A.S.
claivu; Ger. klaueklieben, to cleave or split.}
Clay, Ma, n. that which sticks or adheres; a soft,
tenacious, ductile earth, used to make bricks ;
earth in general.v.t. to cover, or purify with
clay, as sugar :Pr.p. claying ; pa.p. clayed'.
[A.S. cla*gclifian, to stick ; Dan. klag; Dutch,
klai; \V. clai; connected with Clag, Clog, L.gelu,
frost, gluten, Gr. glia, and Glue.]
clayey, klal, adj. consisting of or like clay.
Claymore, klS'mOr, n. lit. the big sword; a large
sword formerly used by the Scottish Highland
ers. [Gael, claidheamh-mor, from Gael, and Ir.
claidheamh, sword, and mor, great : connected
with L. gladius, a sword.]
dean, klen, adj. lit. Polished, shining; free from
stain or whatever defiles; wholesome ; guiltless ;
clever; neat.adv. quite; entirely; cleverly.
v.t. to make clean, or free from dirt:Pr-P-
cleaning; pa.p. cleaned'.. claan'nea. [A.S.
cltrn; W., Gael., Ice. glan, shine, polish.]
cleanly, klen'fi, adj., cleanlike or clean; clean in
habits or person ; pure ; neat.adv. in a cleanly
manner.n. cleanliness.
cleanse, klenz, v.t. to make clean or pure 'Pr.p.
cleansing; Pa.p. cleansed'.
Clear, klSr, adj. orig. well heard, loud, distinct;
striking ; conspicuous ; bright ; transparent ; free
from mixture or obstruction; pure; plain; in
disputable.adv. in a clear manner; plainly;
wholly ; quite.v.t, to make clear ; to free from
obscurity, obstruction, or guilt ; to free, acquit,
mute ; mute ; mOOn ; Men.
 clearance Clip
ot vindicate ; to leap, or pass by or over ; to the yards :Pr.p. clev/ing ; Pa.p. clewed'. [A.S.
make profit.v.i. to become clear; to grow free, cleow; W. dob, a lump; L. glomus, a ball of
bright, or transparent :pr.p. clear'ing ; /a./, thread, akin to globus, a sphere, from root of
cleared'. [Fr. clair; Ger. klar; Ir. ktor, clean, Cleave, to adhere. See Club, Globe.]
#^r, a noLse ; L. clarus, clear, well heardcluo, Click, klik, . a short, sharp clack or sound ; any
Gr. klud, Sans, cm, to hear.]. clear new. thing that makes such a sound, as a small piece
clearance, klerans, n.t act ofclearing; a certificate of iron falling into a notched wheel.v.i to
that a ship has been cleared at the custom-house make a light, sharp sound '-pr.p. click'ing ;
that is, has satisfied all demands and procured pa.p. clicked', [imitative of the sound.]
permission to sail. Client, klfent, n. orig. one who hears and obeys
clearing, klSr'ing, a making clear; a defence a superior, hence, a dependent ; one who employs
or justification ; a tract of land cleared of wood, a lawyer.n. cli entahip. [L. cliens, for duetts,
&c, for cultivation. one who hears, from dueo, to hear.]
clearly, kleVI), adv., in a clear manner; distinctly. Cliif, Clift. See under Cleave.
Cleave, klev, v.i., to stick or adhere; to unite; to Climacter, kli-mak'ter, Climacteric, kli-mak'ter-ik, or
fit :;fr.p. cleaving; Pa.t. cleaved' or clave;
pa.p. cleaved'. [A.S. clt/an ; Ger. kleben ; Dutch, klim-ak-ter'ik, *. lit the round of a ladder; a
critical period in human life, in which some gTeat
kleeven. See Clay. J
Cleave, klSv, v.t. to divide, to split; to separate climac teric. [Gr.is klimaktirklimax,
bodily change supposed to take place.adj.
with violence.v.i. to part asunder ; to crack : Climate, kll'mSt, n. the supposed slope of atheladder. earth
]
Pr.p. cleaning; pa.t. clove or cleft : Pa.A cleft, from the equator towards the poles ; a region or
cloVcn, or cleaved'. [A.S. clea/an ; Ger. klieben.]
cleavage, kleVaj, n. act or manner of cleaving or rone place
of the earth ; the condition of a country or
with regard to temperature, moisture, &c.
splitting. [L. clima, climatis; Gr. klt'ma, klimatos, slope
cleaver, kleVer, n. the person or thing that cleaves. klinS, to make to bend or slope.]
cleft, kleft, in /'., cli/t, . an opening made by cleav climatic, klT-mat'ik, climatical. klT-mat'ik-al, adj.
ing or splitting ; a crack, fissure, or chink. relating to, or limited by a climate.
clia, klif, *. a cleft or cloven rock ; a high steep clime, klTm, a climate ; a country, region, tract.
rock ; the steep side of a mountain.
cloven, kloVn, pa.p. of Cleave, to divide, or adj. climatlse, climatology,
kll'ma-tlz, v.t. or v.i. See Acclimatise.
klT-ma-toKo-ji, n., the science of cli
divided; parted. mates, or an investigation of the causes on which
Clef, kief, n. lit. a key; a character in music which the climate of a place depends. [Gr. klinta, and
determines the key or position on the scale of the logos, discourse.]
notes that follow it. [Fr., from L. davis, Gr. Climax, klfmaks, n. a rising like the steps of a
kleis, a key.] ladder or stair; in Rhetoric, the arranging of
t Cleft. See under Cleave. %
Clematis, klem'a-tis, n. a creeping plant with long the particulars of a portion of discourse so as
to rise in strength to the last. [Gr. klimax, a
tendrils, called also virgin's dower and travel ladder or staircasefrom klinS, to slope.]
ler'sjoy. [low L. ; Gr. kllmatisklima, a twig.]
Clement, klcm'ent, adj. mild ; gentle ; kind ; merci Climb, kllm, v.i. or v.t. to ascend or mount up by
clutching with the hands and feet ; to ascend
ful,adv. clemently. [L. clement.] with difficulty :Pr.p. climb'ing ; pa.p. climbed'.
clemency, klem'en-si, n. the quality of being clem [A.S. climban, Ger. klimmen, to climb; con
ent; mildness ; readiness to forgive. nected with Clamber, which see.]
Clench, klcnsh, same as Clinch. Clime. See under Climate.
Clergy, kler'ji, . the body of men chosen or set Clinch, klinsh, v.t., to fasten or rivet a nail by
afart as ministers of religion in the Christian bending the point when driven through any
Church. [Fr. clergi; low L. c/ericia; from L. thing ; to grasp tightly ; to settle or confirm :
clericus, Gr. klirOtos, from L. clems, Gr. kleros, Pr.p. clinch'ing; pa.p. clinched'. [Fr. clenehe,
lit. a lot, then the clergy : from the choice of a door-latch ; Ger. klinke, the riveted part of
Matthias by lot to the apostleship, or because the a bolt ; Dutch and Ger. klinken, to rivet a bolt}
Lord was the lot or inheritance of the Levites.] clincher, klin'sher, n. one that clinches; a decisive
clergyman, klcr'ji-man, n. one of the clergy, a man argument.
regularly ordained to preach the gospel, and Cling, kling, v.i., to adhere or stick close by wind
administer its ordinances. ing round ; to adhere in interest or affection :
cleric, kler'ik, clerical, klcr'ik-al, adj. belonging to Pr.p. cling'ing ; pa.t. and Pa.p. clung'. [A.S.
the clergy ; pertaining to a clerk or writer. clingan, to adhere.]
clerk, klark, n. orig. a clergyman or Priest ; a Clinic, klin'ik, Clinical, klin'ik-al, adj., pertaining
scholar; one who reads the responses in the toabed; confined
English Church service ; a writer, or accountant to bed by sickness.to bed.. Clin ic, one confined
[Gr. klinikos-~klinl, a bed,
in an office. [A.S. clerc, a priest.]n. clerk'ibip. from klind, to bend, recline.]
Clever, kleVer, adj., skilful; dexterous; of intel Clink, klingk, . a ringing sound made by tha
lectual ability ; ingenious; skilfully done.adv. striking together of sounding bodies.v.t. to
cleverly.. cicvemera [old E. deliver, active: cause to make a ringing sound.v.i. to ring ot
or A.S. gleawferkth, of a wise mind, sagacious, jingle '.pr.p. clink'ing ; pa.p. clinked'. [Ger.
from gleaw, skilful, wise ; Scot. gleg. ] klingen, to sound, to chink ; allied to Clang.]
Clew, kloTJ, . a ball of thread or the thread in it ; clinker, klink'er, n. the cinder or slag formed in
a thread which affords a guide through a laby furnaces ; brick bnmed so hard that, when struck,
rinth ; any piece of information which enables it makes a sharp and ringing sound.
one to solve a mystery or form a conclusion ; the Clip, klip, z'.t. orig. to embrace; to cut by making
comer of a sail.v.t. to truss or tie up sails to the blades of shears meet ; to cut off" \pr.p.
fate, far ; me*# her ; mine ; mote ; mate ; mOun ; then.
73
 clip clownish
clipping; Pa.p. clipped'. [A.S. cfyPPan, to em passage off a streetadv. closelyn. close nee*.
brace ; Dutch, klippen, Ice. klippa, to cut.] f Fr. ctos, shutpa.p. of clore, Prov. claure, I*
clip, klip, n. anything that clips or holds ; the act daudert, clausus, to shut]
ofdipping; the thine clipped off, as the wool that close, kl ~.z, v.t. to make close; to draw together and
has been shorn off sheep. unite ; to finish.v.i. to grow together ; to come
clipper, klir/er, one that clips; a sharp-built, to an end :pr.p. closing ; Pa.p. closed'.*. th*
fast-sailing vessel. manner or time of closing ; a pause or stop ; tho
clipping, klip'ing, n. the act of clipping ; the thing end ; a grapple in wrestling,
dipt off. closet, klor'et, ., a little close or enclosed place ;
GUqu, kick, n. a gTOup of persons in union for a atosmall private room ; a recess off a room.v.t.
shut up in, or lake into a closet ; to conceal :
purpose ; a party or faction ; a gang :used gene Pr.p. closeting; pa.p. closeted. [Fr. closet,
rally in a bad sense. [Fr., perhaps from root of dim. of<7ar.]
click, and so = a noisy conclave : or old Ger. closure, klOz'Or, n. the act of closing ; that which
gelijk, Ger. gleic, like, equal, and so = a com closes.
pany of equals.}
Cloak, Close, klOk, n. a loose outer garment; a Clot. See under Clod.
covering ; that which conceals ; a disguise, pre Cloth, kloth, //. Cloths, n. , a covering or garment ,*
text.v.t. to clothe with a cloak ; to cover ; to woven material from which garments or cover
conceal Pr.fi. cloak'ing ; Pa.p. cloaked', [old ings arc made; the clerical profession, from their
Fr. cloche; low L. cloca, a garment worn by wearing black cloth. [A.S. clath, cloth, clothes,
horsemen.] clothes, garments ; Ger. kleid, Ice. kUedi, a gar
Clock, klok, m. lit. that which clicks ; a machine for ment ; conn, with L. claudo, to shut Sc*
measuring time, and which marks the time by Close.] kloMs (colloq. kloz), rt.pl. garments or
the position of its 'hands' upon the dial-plate, clothes, articles ofdress.
or by tile striking of a hammer on a bell, [a clothe, klOrA, v.t. to cover with clothes; to provide)
variation of Clack, Click. A.S. clucge. ]
clock-work, klok'-wurk, n. the works or machinery with clothes : fig. to invest, as with a garment:
pr.p. cloth'ing ; pa.p. clothed' or clad.
of a clock ; machinery like that of a clock.
Clod, klod, n. a thick round mass or lump, that cloths orklO/Al-er,
clothier,
clothes.
n. one who makes or sells
cleaves or sticks together, especially of earth clothing, kloMlng, ft., clothes; garments.
or turf; the ground ; a stuyid fellow.v.i. to
collect into a thick mass '.pr.p. clodd'ing ; pa.p. Cloud, masses
kloud, n. vapours drawn into clods or
; a mass of watery vapour floating in the
clodd'ed. [A.S. clud; Dutch, klot ; Ger. kloss ; air ; fig. a great volume of dust or smoke ; a mul
from root of Cleave, to adhere.]
clod-hopper, klod'-hop-er, n. a country-man ; a to darken ; to stain with dark spotswith
titude of people.v.t. to overspread clouds ;
or streak*.
peasant ; a dolt, [clod, and hopper.} v.i. to become clouded or darkened '.pr.p.
elodpate, klod'pat, clodpoU, klod'pol, . one with a clouding ; fia.p. cloud ed. [from the root ofClod,]
head like a clod, a stupid fellow, [clod, and cloudy, kloud i, adj. darkened with, or consisting of
pate, poll]
lot, klot, n. a mass ofsoft or fluid matter concreted, clouds; obscure; gloomy; stained with dark
as blood.v.i, to form into clots; to coagulate : spots.adv. cloudily.n. cloudiness.
Pr.p. clotting ; Pa.p. clotted, [a form of Clod,] cloudless, adv.
kloud'lcs, adj. unclouded, in any sense.
cloudlessly.
Clog, klog, v.i., to stick together in a mass ; to unite cloodlet, kloud'lct, ., a little cloud.
and adhere.v.t. to accumulate in a mass and
cause a stoppage ; to obstruct ; to encumber : Cloogh, kluf, n. a cleft in a rock, or the side of a hill.
pr.p. clogg'ing; j>a.p. clogged'.n. anything [A.S. dough, from clu/an, deo/an, to cleave, splits
Scot, cleugh.] See Cleave.
that hinders motion ; an obstruction ; a heavy Clout , klout, ft, a Patch ; a small piece of cloth ; a
wooden shoe. [Scot, clag, to cover with mud, to piece
obstruct ; Dan. klaeg, sticky ; Ice. kleggi, a mend ofwith cloth sewed on clumsily ; a rag.v.t., to
a patch ; to sew a piece of cloth over
mass : from root of Cleave, to adhere.] a rent ; to mend clumsily '.~fir.fi. clouting ;
Cloister, klois'ter, n. a place enclosed or shut in ; a fia.p.
covered arcade forming part of a monastic or \V. dwl, a patch,[A.S. clout'ed. clut, a little cloth, a patch;
clytian, to patch.]
collegiate establishment ; a place of seclusion Clove, Cloven. Sec Cleave, to split.
from the world for religious duties.v.t. to con
fine in a cloister, monastery, or nunnery ; to Clove, klOv, n. lit a nail; a pungent, aromatic
confine within walls :pr.fi. clois'tering ; Pa.fi. spice, the unexpanded flower-bud (so called from
clois'tcred. [Fr. clotlre, old Fr. cloistre; A.S. its resemblance to a nail), of the clove-tree, a
clanster; It. claustrv; L. claustrumclaudo, native of the Moluccas. [Sp. clavo; Fr. dom;
dausum, to close, to shut.] from L. clavus, a nail.]
cloister*!, klois'ter-al, cloistral, klois'tral, old form clove-pink, klOv'-pingk, n. the cJtttv-gillyflower or
clauitral, klaus'tral , adj. pertaining to or confined carnation pink, which has an odour like that of
to a cloister; secluded. doves.
cloistered, klois'terd, adj. dwelling in cloisters; Clover, kloVer, ., cloven grass; a species of tre
solitary ; retired from the world. foil grass, or grass in which the leaf appears to
Cloke. See Cloak. be deft in three. [A.S. dafer, from deo/an, to
Clomb, klOm, old Past tense of Climb. cleave.]
Close, klOs, adj., shut i//; with no opening; con Clown, klown, a ploughman; a rustic or corm-
fined, unventilated ; narrow ; near, in time or try-fcllow ; one with the rough manners of a
place ; compact ; crowded ; hidden ; reserved. country-man ; a fool or buffoon. [L. cotonus, a
adv. in a close manner ; nearly ; densely.tu an cultivator of the soil, from cclo, to cultivate.]
enclosed place ; a small enclosed field ; a narrow clownish, klown'ish, adj. of or like a clown ; coarse
late, far ; me", her ; mine ; mOte; mute ; mGon; Men.
 Cloy
and awkward ; rustic-adv. clown'iahly.n.
clown'lattnoas.
Goy, kloi, v.t. to cleg or choke up ; to fill to loath
ing ; to glut or satiate :pr.p. cloying ; fa.f.
cloyed', [from root of Clog.]
cloyless, kloi'les, adj. that cannot cloy or satiate.
Club, klub, n. lit. a cleavingtogether ; an association
of persons for the promotion of a common object,
as literature, politics, pleasure, &c. each person
dividing the expense.v.i. to join together for
some common end ; to share in a common expense.
v.t. to unite for a common end ; to raise by
proportional assessment :pr.p. clubb'ing ; Pa.p.
clubbed', [from root of Cleave, to adhere.]
atab, klub, n. a heavy tapering stick, knobby or
massy at one end, used to strike with ; a cudgel ;
one of the four suits of cards, having on it the
figure of a club, or rather clover-leaf. [Gcr.
kolbe ; Sw. klubba ; W. dob, a boss, knob : from
root of Cleave, to adhere.]
elnb-foot, klutZ-foot, n. a short, deformedfoot, like a
club.adj. clab'-footed.
dab-moss, klutZ-mos, n. a moss with scaly leaves
and stems like a club.
Crock, kluk, n. the call ofa hen to her cliickens.v.i.
to make the sound of a hen when calling on her
chickens.v.t. to call, as a hen does her chick
ens \~~pr.p. cluck'ing ; Pa.p. clucked'. [A.S.
cloccan, Scot, clock: from the sound.]
Que. See Clew.
Clomp, klump, n. a lump; a thick, short, shapeless
piece of anything ; a cluster of trees or shrubs.
[Ger., Dan., Sw. klump ; Ice. klumbr, a lump;
old Ger. klimp/en, to press together : allied to
Grab, Lamp.]
olamsy, klum'ri, adj., like a clump ; shapeless ; ill-
made : awkward; ungainly.adv. crom'slly.n.
clam'sines*, [from Cramp, prov. . clumps, a
stupid fellow.]
Crosc, klungdid cling-fad. and Pa.p. of Cling.
Cluster,klus'ter, n. lit agluing or sticking together ;
a number of things of the same kind growing or
joinecr-togethcr ; a bunch ; a mass.v.t. to grow
or gather into clusters.v.t. to collect into clus
ters:pr.p. or adj. clustering; Pa.p. clustered.
TA.S. cluster; Ice. klistr, glue; Dutch, klos,
klisse, a ball, from klisscn, to stick together.]
Clntch, kluch, v.t. to seize or grasp; to close
tightly, or clinch :pr.p. clutching ; Pa.p.
clutched'.n. a grasp or grip; seizure-pi.
cluieh'es, the hands or paws; cruelty; rapacity,
[old E. clench, claw, grasp ; akin to Gcr. kluppe,
pinch, grasp ; Scot, cleik.]
Clatter, klut'er, n.z clatter or confusion.v.t. to
crowd together in confusion ; to fill with things
in confusion.v.i. to clatter, [a form of Clatter.]
Clyster, klis'ter, them
tinestowash n. a liquid injected into
out. [Gr.klyzb, the intes
to washout.]
Coach, kOch, n. Ut. a couch; a large, close, four-
wheeled carriage.v.t. to carry in a coach:
pr.p. coach'ing ; pa.p. coached'. [Fr. coche
coucher, to lie ; It. cocchio ; from L. colloco, to
lay one's self, to lie. See Conch.]
Ooadjator, ko-ad-jOT'tor, n. afellow-helper or as
sistant ; an associate.fern, coadja'trix.ti. coad-
Jo'torsnip. [L. co, with, adjutor, a helperad,
to, juvo, to help.]
Coagulate, kO-ag'G-lat, v.t. lit. to drive together; to
make to curdle or congeal.v.i. to curdle or con
geal pr.p. cGag'ulating ; pa.p. coagulated. [L.
fate, far ; mi, her ; mine ;
cobweb
coaguloco, together, ago, to drive.]n. coagu
lation.
coagulable, kO-ag'u-la-bL adj. capable of being c
ulated.
coagulant, kfl-ag'u-lant, . a substance which c
coagulation, as rennet,
coagulum, kO-ag'u-lum, . that which coagulates or
is coagulated. [L.J
Coal, kol, n. a substance that kindles or burns ;
wood charred ; a solid, black, combustible sub
stance used for fuel, dug out of the earth.v.t.
to burn to coal.v.i. to take in coal : Pr^p.
coaling ; Pa.p. coaled'. [A.S. col, coll; Ice.
kol; Ger. kohJe; connected with Sw. kylla, to
kindle, and L. caleo. to be hot.]
eoafj, kol'i, adj. of or like coal.
collier, kolyer, n. one who works in a coal-mine;
a ship that carries coal,
colliery, koKyer-i, n. a coal-mint ; the coal-trade.
Coalesce, ko-al-es', v.t. to grow together; to unite
into one body or mass; to associate :pr.p.
coalescing; Pa.p. coalesced'. [L. coalesceco,
together, and atesco, to grow up, from alo, to
nourish.]
coalescence, ko-al-es'ens, . act ofcoalescing; union,
coaleocent, ko-al-cYent, adj., growing together;
uniting.
coalition, ko-a-lish'un, n. act of coalescing, or unit-
ing into one body ; a union or combination of
persons, states, &c into one ; alliance, [low L.
coalitio, from L. coalesce.']
coalitionist, k&-a-lish'un-ist, . one of a coalition.
Coarse, kQrs, adj. lit. course; what is met with in
common course ; jough ; rude ; uncivil ; gross.
adv. coarsely.n. coarseness, [orig. written
Course, which see.]
Coast, kost, n. lit. rib, side; side or border of land
next the sea; the sea-shore; limit or border of
a country.v.i. to sail along or near a coast.
v.t. to sail by or near to \~pr.p. and adj. coast
ing ; Pap. coasted. [Ger. ktiste ; Fr. cbte for
coste ; L. casta, a rib, side.]
coaster, kost'er, . the person or thing that coasts;
a vessel that sails along the coast.
coastwise, kOstVls, adv., coastways ; along the
coast, [coast, and wise.]
Coat, kot, n. an outside body covering; the hair or
wool of a beast ; vesture or habit ; any covering ;
a membrane or layer; the ground on which
ensigns armorial are portrayed, usually called
a coat 0/ arms.v.t. to cover with a coat or
layer :frr.p. coating ;pa.p. coat'ed. [Fr. cotte ;
low L. cottus, cotta, a tunic ; prov. . cot, a
matted fleece : Ger. kotze, a matted covering,
overcoat : or . cote, cot, a hut, covering.]
coatee, kot-c, n., a little coat; a coat with short
flaps.
coating, kGr/ing, n. a covering ; cloth for coats.
Coax,koks, v.t. lit. to make a cokes or simpleton of ;
to appease or persuade by fondling, flattery. &c. :
Pr.p. coax'ing ; pa.p. coaxed'.Wf. coax'mgly.
[old E. cokes, a simpleton ; perhaps akin to Fr.
cocasse, ridiculous ; \V. coeg, empty, foolish.]
Cob, kob, ., the top or head; a knob; a ball or
pellet; a head of maize; a thick strong pony.
[W. cob, A.S. cop, copp, Ger. kopf, the top, head :
perhaps akin to L. caput, Gr. kepftaU, Sans.
kapala, the head.]
cobweb, kob'web, n. the spider's web, or net ; any
snare or device intended to entrap. [Flem. hop,
a spider ; A.S. atter-coppa, a spider, lit. peison
mote ; mute ; mBon ; Men.
 cockloft Coerce
bag, so called from the likeness of its body to a Cockatoo, kok-a-too', n. a kind of parrot with a crest.
little bag supposed to contain poison.} [Malay, kokatua, formed from its cry.]
cockloft, kokloft, the top loft; the room in a Cock boat,kok'-bOt,*.asmall&w/. [W. rwcA,aboat.]
house next the roof, {cock = cob or cop, the top, cockswain, kok'swan (colloq. kok'sn), n. the swain
and loft.] or officer who has charge of a boat and its crew.
Cobalt, ko'lult, n. a brittle, reddish-gray metal, [cock, a boat, and swain. ]
usually found combined with arsenic and other Cockchafer, kok'chaf-er, n. a corr. of clock-chafer;
minerals. [Ger. kobalt, from kobold, a devil ; low the May-bug, an insect of a pitchy-black colour,
L. gobelinus, Gr. kobdlos, a goblin ; so called by most destructive to vegetation. [Scot, clock,
the German miners, because its presence indi beetle, and Chafer.]
cated the absence of more valuable metals.] cockroach, kok'roch, n. the common black beetle.
Cobble, kob1, v.t. to join or fit to; to botch; to Cocker, kok'er, v.t. (obs.) to pamper, to indulge.
patch up or mend coarsely, as shoes '.pr.p. [Fr. coqueliner, Dutch kokelen.]
cobb'ling; cobb'Ied. [old Fr. cobler, tojoin
together ; Dan. kobler, to cobble ; Ger. koppeln, Cockle, kokl, n. a troublesome weed among com,
with a purple flower. [A.S. coccel; Gael. cogaL\
to tie together ; from L. copulo, to join.]
cobbler, kob'ler, n. one who cobbles qt mends shoes. havingkokl,
Cockle, . a shell, or shell-fish ; a shell-fish,
Coble, kob1, n. lit a hollow trunk of a tree ; a small or t. to two wrinkled shells, ofa heart-shape.v.i.
contract into wrinkles ; to shrink. [Fr.
fishing-boat. [A.S. cuopie; Ger. kSbcl, bucket; coquille; Gr. kongchylion, kongchi, a cockle.]
i W. keubal, a hollow trunk, a boat.] Cockloft. See under Cob, the top.
Cobweb. See under Cob. Cockney. See under Cocagne.
Cocagne, kok-5n', n. the land of cookery or good Cockroach. Sec under Cockchafer.
living; an imaginary country of luxury and de Cockswain. See under Cockboat.
light ; the land of CockneysLondon. [Fr. Cocoa, koTcO, . a palm-tree growing in tropical
cocagne, It. cucagnacucca, sweetmeats, from countries, and producing the cocoa-nut. [Port.
L. coquo, to cook. ]
Cockney, kok'nC, n. lit. one brought up in Cocagne, and Sp. coco, a bugbear : applied to the nut from
an imaginary land of plentyhence, a Pampered the three marks at the end of it which form a
grotesque face.]
individual ; an effeminate, ignorant citizen ; ap cocoa-nut, or coco-nnt, kS'kO-nut, n. the well-known
plied contemptuously to a native of the city of fruit of the cocoa-palm, containing a white kernel,
London.pL Cockneys, face, to Wedgwood within which is a pleasant fluid called the milk.
from Fr. coqueliner, to dandle, to pamper.]
cockneydom, kokne'-dum, ft. the region or home of Cocoa, kflTcO, . a beverage made from the ground
Cockneys. [of a Cockney. seeds or beans of the cacao or chocolate tree, [a
cockneylam, kok'n-izm, n. the dialect or manners corr. of cacao.]
Cocciferooi, kok-sifcr-us, adj., berry-bearing. [L. Cocoon, k6-kCon', n. the egg-shaped shell or cover
coccus, Gr. kokkos, a berry, andfero, to bear.] ing which the larva; of silk-worms and some other
insects spin. [Fr. coconL. concha, a shell.]
Cochineal, koch'i-nel, n. a scarlet dye-stuff consist cocoonery,
ing of the dried bodies of certain insects gathered kO-koT3n'er-i, . a place for keeping
from the Cactus plant in Mexico, the W. Indies, silk-worms when feeding and spinning cocoons.
&c. [Sp. cockinilla, dim. of L. coccinus, Gr. Coctlon, kok'shun, w. the act of boiling. [L. coctt'c
kokkos, a berry, as the cochineal was formerly coquo, to boil, to cook.] ;
supposed to be the berry or seed of the plant.] Cod, kod, Cod flab, kod'-fish, n. a species of fish much
CocUeary, kokHfi-ar-i, Cocbleate, kok1e-.lt, CocbJe- used as food, found in the northern seas, [low
ated, koklC-it-ed, adj., twistedlike a snail-shell; "L.gadus; Gr.gados.]
spiral. [L. cochlea, snail-shell, screw; Gr. codling, kod'ling, w. a young cod-fish.
kochlos, a shell-fish with a spiral shell.] Cod, kod, n. a husk, shell, or pod, containing seeds.
Cock, kokj n. the male of birds, particularly of the I A.S. codd, a small bag; Ice. koddi, a cushion;
domestic fowl ; a weathercock ; a strutting chief W. cwd, a bag or shell ; Scot, cod, a pillow.]
or leader ; whatever is set up on an eminence ; a Coddle, kod1, v.t., to keep warm; to pamper;
tap for liquor ; a pile of hay ; part of the lock of to fondle ; to parboil :/>"./. codd'ling ; Ja.p.
a gun.v.t. to set erect or upright; to set up, coddled, [prob. from Candle. ]
as the hat ; to sat or draw back, as the cock of a codling, kod'ling, codlin, kodlin, n. a hard kind of
gun.v.i. to strut; to hold up the head \~pr.p. applefor boiling.
cock'ing; /a./, or adj. cocked', [A.S. coc,cocc; Code, k(5d, n. orig. the trunk of a tree, and later,
Fr. coq .* formed from his cry.]
cockade, kok-ad', n. a knot of ribbons or something wooden tablets bound together, covered with
similar worn in the hat, named from its likeness wax digest
and used for writing on ; a collection or
of laws. [Fr. code, L. codex or caudex,
to the comb of a cock. [Fr. cocardecoq.] the trunk of a tree, a tablet.]
cockatrice, kok a-trls, n. a lizard or serpent imagined codicil, kod'i-sil, n. a short writing or note added as
to be produced from a cock's egg hatched by a
serpent. [Fr. cocatrix ; A.S. cocc, and ater, acodicillus, supplement to a will.adj. codiclllary. [L.
dim. of codex.]
attor, a snake.]
cockpit, kok'pit, n. a fit or enclosed space where codify, kod'i-fr, v.t., to put into theform ofa code:
game-cocks fought ; a room in a ship-of-war for tion. [L. codex, a; code,
jPr.p. cod'ifying Pa.p. codified.n. codifica
andfacio, to make.]
the wounded during an action.
cockscomb, kokslcOm, . the comb or crest on a Coefficient, ko-ef-fish'ent, adj., efficient in company
cocfis head ; the name of three plants, with something else.n. that which acts together
coxcomb, koks'kOm, ., cock's comb; a strip of red with another thing.n. coeJfl'clency.-adv. eoeffl'-
cloth notched like a cock's comb which profes dently. [L. co, together, and efficient.]
sional fools used to wear ; a fool ; a fop. > Coerce, kij-ers', v.t., to enclose wholly, to keep
fate, far ; mC, her ; mine ; mOte ; mute ; mSOn ; Men.
76
 coercible Coleoptera
within limits ; to restrain by force ; to compel : Cohere, ko-heV, v.i., to stick together; to remain
Pr.p. cBcrc'ing ; pa.p. coerced'. [L. cperceo in contact ; to follow in regular natural order.
co, together, arceo, to shut in.] [L. cohareoco, together, and htereo, to stick.]
coercible, ko-ers'i-bl, adj. that may be restrained or coherence, k6-heVens, coherency, kO-her en-si, ., a
compelled.adv. coerc'ibly. sticking together; a cleaving together of two
coercion, ktJ-eVshun, n. the act or process of coer bodies uy means of attraction ; a consistent con
cing ; restraint. nection between several parts.
coercive, kO-ers'iv, adj. having power to coerce ; coherent, kO-heVcnt, adj., sticking togetlier ; con
compelling.adv. coerc'lvely. nected ; consistent.adv. coherently.
Coeval, kO-Cval, adj., of the same age.n. one of cohesion, k5-h'zhun, n. the act of sticking together;
the same age. [L. co, together, and ovum, age, aofform of attraction by which particles of bodies
the same nature cohere ; logical connection.
Gr. aidn.\ cohesive, ko-hC'siv, adj. having the power of
Coffee, kof'fe, n. a drink made from the seeds of cohering; tending to unite into a mass. adv.
the coffee-tree, a native of Abyssinia and Arabia, cohe sively .
but now cultivated in many tropical countries. Cohort, ko'hort, n.cohe'stvenees.
[Fr. cafi-At. qah-wak, a drink prepared from soldiers about 600among the Romans, a body of
in number, forming about a
berries, pronounced by the Turks kahve.)
Coffer, kof'fer, n. lit. a hoKow case; a chest for tenth part of a legion ; any band of armed men.
[L. cohors, an enclosed place, a multitude en
holding money or treasure. [Fr. coffre, a chest, closed,
It. co/ano, L. cophinus, Gr. kophinos, a basket : Coif, koif, an.company of soldiers.] See Court.
a cap or covering for the head. (Fr.
connected with Care.] coiffe ; It. cujfia ; Ar. kujiyah, a head-kcrchicf.]
coffer dam, kof'fer-dam, n. a water-tight barrier or coiffure,
box of timber, placed in the bed of a river, &c. , koif'Qre, n. a head-dress. [Fr.]
for the purpose of excluding the water during Coil, koil, v.t., togather together, or wind in rings
the progress of some work, [coffer, and dam.] as a rope, a serpent -~Pr.p. coiling ; Pa.p. coiled'.
coffin, kof'fin, . the coffer or chest in which a tt. one of the rings into which a rope is
dead body is enclosed.v.t. to place within a gathered, [old Fr. coillir, Fr. cueillirL. cot-
coffin :pr.p. coffining ; Pa.p. coffined. ligerecol, together, legere, to gather.]
Cog, kog, . a catch or tooth on a wheel.v.t. to fix Coin, koin, n. orig. the wedge by means of which
teeth in the rim of a wheel :pr.p. cogg'ing ; coins were stamped ; a die for stamping money ;
Pa.p. cogged'. [Sw. kugge, a cog. It. cocca, a a piece of metal, legally stamped and current as
notch.] money.v.t. to convert a piece of metal into
Cogent, kfl*jent, adj., driving or pressing on the money make,
; to form, as a medal, by stamping ; to
invent, fabricate :Pr.p. coining; pap.
mind ; powerful ; convincing.adv. co'gently. [L. coined'. [Fr. coin, coin, also the die to sump
cogoco, together, and ago, to drive.] money ; L. cuneus, a wedge. ]
cogency, ko'jen-si. n. power of convincing.
Cogitate, koj'i-tat, u.i., to agitate or turn a thing pieces of metal coinedact
coinage, koin'aj, n. the or art of coining; the
; invention, fabrication.
over in one's mind; to meditate; to ponder: Coincide, k0-in-sld', v.i., to/a11in
pr.p. cogitating ; pa.p. cogitated. [L. cogito, opinion ; to correspond ; to be with, or agree, in
to think deeplyco, together, and agito, to put a coinciding ; pa,f. coincided. identical [Fr.
:pr.p.
coXncider,
thing in motion.] L. co, together, tnciderein, in, cado, to fall.]
cogitation, koj-i-ti'shun, *. deep thought ; medi coincidence, kO-in'si-dens, colncidency, ku-in'si-den-
tation.
cogitative, koj'i-ta-tiv, adj. having the power of si, n. act or condition of coinciding ; the occur
rence of an event at the same time as another
cogitating or thinking ; given to cogitating.
Cognac, Cognlac. kon'yak, n. the bestkind of French Collevent.adj. coincident.adv. coln'cldently.
brandy, so called because much of it is made at See Quoit
the town of Cognac. Coke, kGk, n. lit. cooked or caked coal ; coal charred
Cognate, kog'n.lt, adj., bom of the same family; and deprived of its volatile matters, for use in fur.
related to ; of the same kind. [L. cognatusco, naces. [from the root of Cake, Coos.]
together, and nascor, gnascor, natus, gnatus, to Colander, kul'an-der, Cullender, kul'en-der, n. a
be bom,] strainer; a vessel having small holes in the
Cognition, kog-nish'un, n. certain knoivledge. [L. bottom. [L. colons, colantis, pr.p. of colare, to
cognosco, cognitumco, intensive, and nosco, strain, from colum, a strainer.]
gnosco, to know.] Cold, kold, adj., cooled, chilled; without heat;
cognisable, cognizable, kog'niz-abl, or kon', adj. , that shiverine ; without passion or zeal; spiritless;
may be known or understood ; that may bejudici unfriendly ; indifferent ; reserved.n. absence
ally investigated, [old Fr. cognoisable.) of heat ; the feeling or sensation caused by the
cognisance, cognizance, kog'ni-zans, or kon', ., know absence of heat ; a disease caused by cold ;
ledge or notice, judicial or private ; observation ; catarrh ; shivering ; dullness.adv. coldly.n.
jurisdiction ; that by which one is known, a coldness. [A.S. ceald, coled, pa.p. of cotian, to
badge, [old Fr.L. cognosco.) cool, to be cold; Scot, cauld, Ger. halt; L.
cognizant, cognisant, kog^u-zant, or kon', adj., gelidusgelu, frost. See C00LJ
having cognisance or knowledge of. coldish, kolu'ish, adj., somewhat cold; cool.
Cognomen, kog-nu'men, n. a namejoined to another Cole, koi, n, lit. a stalk or stem; a general name
name; a surname. [L.co, together, nomen, for all sorts of cabbage. [A.S. cawel, cawl; L.
gnomen, a namenosco, gnosco, to know.] colis, caulis, a stalk or stem, especially of cab
Cohabit, kO-habit, v.i., to dwell together; to dwell bage ; Gr. kaulos; Scot, kail.]
together as husband and wife :pr.p. cohabit colewort, kol'wurt, n. a species of cole or cabbage.
ing ; Pa.p. cohabited.n. cohablta'tlon. [L. [A.S. cawl-wyrtwyrt, a plant.]
cohabitoco, together, and habito, to dwell.] Coleoptera, kol-e-op'ter-a, .//., sheath-wings; an
fate, far; mi, her; mine; mOte; mute; mOdn ; Men.
 coleopterous
order of insects having two pairs of wings, the
outer pair being hard or horny, serving as wing-
cases for the true wings, as the beetle. [Gr.
koleos, a sheath, and pteron, pi. ptera, a wing.]
coleopterous, kol-e-op'ter-us, adj., sheath-winged.
Colic. See under Colon.
Coliseum. See under Colossus.
Collaborator, kol-lab'0-ra-tor, n. a fellow-labourer ;
an associate or assistant in labour, particularly
literary or scientific. [Fr. coUaborateur, from
L. col, with, and laborv, laboratus, to labour.]
Collapse, (col-laps', n. a /ailing together or in ; a
falling away ; a sudden and extreme depression
of the bodily energies.-^.i, to fall together or
inwards ; to close or shrink ; to waste away :
pr.p.
col,collapsing
together, ;and
pa.p.labor,
collapsed'.
lapsus,[L.tocollapsus
slide or
fall.]
Collar, kol'ar, n. something worn round the^ neck;
the part of a garment at the neck; a ring; a
band.v.t. to seize by the collar; to put on a
collar :pr.p. coll'aring ; Pa.p. coll'ared. [Sp.
collar; It. collare ; from L. collum, the neck.]
collar-bone, kol'lar-bOn, ^. a bone of the neck shaped
like an S, between the breast-bone and. the
shoulder-blade, also called the clavicle.
collet, koliet, n. the collar of a ring or the part
which contains the stone. [Fr.L. collum.]
Collate, kol-lat', v.t. lit. to bring or lay together for
comparison ; to examine and compare, as books,
&c. ; to place in or confer a benefice ; to place
in order, as the sheets of a book for binding.
v.L to place in a benefice :Pr.p. collating ;
pa.p. collat/cd. [L. collatus, pa.p. of con/ero
con, together, andfew, to bring.]
collation, kol-15'shun, n., act ofcollating; a bringing
together, for examination and comparison ; pre
sentation to a benefice ; a repast between meals.
collator, koI-LVtor, ., one who collates ox compares ;
one who bestows or presents.
Collateral, kol-lar/er-al, adj., side by side; running
parallel or together ; not direct ; descended from
the same ancestor, but not directly, as the child
ren of brothers.n. a collateral relation.adv.
eollat'erally. [L. col, and latus, lateris, a side.]
Colleague, kolleg, ., one chosen together with an
other; a partner, associate, or coadjutor. [Fr.
colligue, L. collegacol, together, and lego, Gr.
legs, to choose.]
colleague, kol-leg7, v.t. or v.i. to join or unite with
in the same office :~pr.p. colfeaguing (kol-l5g/-
ing) ; Pa.p. collcagued (kol-legd').
Collect, kol-Iekr*, v.t. to gather together ; to as
semble or bring together ; to gather from pre
mises ; to infer ; to compile.v.t. to run together ;
to accumulate 'pr.p. collecting ; PaTp. col-
lect'ed. [L. colligo, collecius, from col, together,
and lego, Gr. legd, to gather, to choose.]
collect, kol ekt, n. a short and comprehensive prayer
in the service of the R. Catholic and Episcopal
Churches, collected from, the epistles and gospels.
collected, kol-Iekr/ed, adj'.,gathered together; hav
ing one's senses gathered together ; cool ; firm.
adv. eoUect'edly.n. collect edneis.
collection, kol-lek'shun, ., act of collecting ; that
which is collected ; an assemblage ; a neap or
mass ; a book of selections.
collective, kol-lcktiv, adj. formed by gathering;
gathered into one body,"sum, or mass; congre
gated ; in gram., expressing a number or multi
tude.adv. collectively.
fate, far ; me", her ; mine ;
colonise
eoOeetoT, kol-lekt'or, n.,one who collects orgathers.
- ni. collec torate, collec torship.
college, kollej, . orig. any collection or community
of men engaged in a common pursuit ; a semin
ary of learning established by authority; a liter
ary, political, or religious institution ; the edifice
appropriated to a college. [Fr. college, L. col
legium, fromcol, and lego.]collegian, kol-lc'ji-an,
n. a member or inhabitant of a college.
collegiate, kol-l'ji-5t, adj. pertaining to or resem
bling a college; containing a college, as a town ;
instituted like a college.
Collet. See under Collar.
Collide, koMld'; v.i., to strike or dash together:
pr.p. colliding ; Pa.p. collTd'ed. [L. collido,
collisuscol, together, hrdo, to strike.]
collision, kol-lizh'un, a striking together; state
of being struck together ; conflict ; opposition.
Collier, Colliery. See under Coal.
Collocate, kollO-kSt, v.t., to place together; to
place, set, or station :pr.p. col'lGcating ; pa.p.
collocated. [L. colloco, collocatHS, from col,
together, and loco, to place.]
collocation, kol-lO-ka'shun, n., act of collocating;
disposition in place ; arrangement. [h.collocatio.]
Collodion, kol-lC'di-on, n., a gluey solution of gun-
cotton in alcohol and ether, used in surgery and
photography. [Gr. kollddis, from kolla, glue,
and eidos, form, appearance.]
Collop, kol'up, a lump or slice of meat, [from
clop or colp, the sound of a soft lump thrown on
a flat surface ; Dutch, klop, It colpo, a blow.]
Colloquy, kolio-kwe', ., a speaking together; mu
tual discourse ; conversation. [ L, colloquium,
from col. together, and loquor, to speak.]
colloquial, kol-ToTcwi-al, adj. pertaining to or used
in common conversation.adv. collo quially.
coUoquialiim, koMaicwi-al-izm, . a colloquial form
of expression.
Collude, kol-lud', v.i., toplay together ; to play into
each other's hand ; to act in concert, especially
in a fraud '.pr.p. colluding ; pa.p. collud'ed.
[L. colludo, collusus, from col,and/udo, to play.]
collusion, kol-lu'zhun, act ofcolluding; a secret
agreement to defraud or deceive. [L. cotlusio.)
collusive, kol-lu'riv, adj. fraudulently concerted;
deceitful.adv. collu alTely.n. ooUu'alveneaB.
Colocynth, kol'O-sinth, n. the dried and powdered
pulp of the coloquintida or bitter apple, much
used as a purgative. [Gr. kolokynthis.]
Colon, kOion, n. the mark ( :) used to mark a dis
tinct memberot clause of a sentence. [Gr. kblon,
a limb, member, allied to skelos, the leg.]
Colon, kolon, . the hollow receptacle for the food ;
the lower division of the intestinal canal or large
intestine. [Gr. kdlon, conn, with koilos, hollow.]
colic, kol'ik, n. a disorder of the colon; acute pain
in the stomach or bowels.
Colonel, kur'ncl, n. lit the crown or chiefcaptain of
a regiment.n. colonelcy, kur'nel-si, nis office or
rank. [Fr. ; Sp., old E. coronet; L. coronalis,
of the crowncorona, a crown.]
Colonnade. See under Column.
Colony, kol'on-i, n. lit. an abode or dwelling; a
body of persons who settle in another country,
continuing subject to the parent state ; the coun
try inhabited by such. [L. coloniacolcnus, an
inhabitantco/o, to abide, to dwell.]
colonial, ko-la'm-al, adj. pertaining to a colony.
colonlao, kol'on-Tz, v.t. to inhabit; to plant or
mate ; mute ; mBOo ; Men.
 colonisation comic
establish a colony in; to form into a colony: columnar, kO-Ium'nar, adj. formed in columns;
Pr.p. col'onTsing ; pa.p. col'onlscd. 'having the form of a column.
colonisation, kol-5-ni-za'shun, n. act or practice of colonnade, knl-o-tud'. ., a range ofcolumns placed
colonising-; state ofbeing colonised, at regular intervals, [Fr.L. columna.]
colonist , koTc^nist, n. an inhabitant of a colony. Colure, ko-lGr*, n, in astron. one of twogreat circles
Colophon, kolu-fon, n. the inscription at the end of supposed to intersect each other at right angles
a book containing a name or date, &c [L. colo in the poles of the equator, so called because a
phon ; Gr. kolcphdn, the top, the finish.] part is always beneath the horison. [Gr. kol-
Colophony, ko-Iof'o-ni, n. the dark-coloured resin ouros, dock-tailedkotos, docked, oura, tail.]
obtained from the distillation of oil of turpentine. Coma, kC/ma, r.., Jeep sleep from which it is difficult
[Gr. kolophonia, from Colophon, a city of Asia to be roused. [Gr. koimad, to hush to sleep.]
Minor, whence it was first brought.] comatose, kfi'ma-tos, or kom'-, comatous, kB'ma-tus,
See under Colour. adj., affected with coma; in a state of stupor
Colossus, k&dos'sus, n. a gigantic statue, particu Comb, from drowsiness ; drowsy.
larly that ofApollo which stood at the entrance and cleaning k "in, ft, a toothed instrument for separating
of the harbour of Rhodes. [L. ; Gr. kolossos.] hair, wool, flax, &c. ; the crest of
colossal, ko-los'saL adj., like a colossus; gigantic. a cock; the top or crest of a wave.v.t. to
DloB8um, kol-os-se"um, coliseum, kol-i-seum, n. a Pr.p. separate, arrange, or clean by means of a comb :
gigantic building ; esp. Vespasian's amphitheatre Ice. kambr.] comb'ing ; Pa.p. combed'. [A. S. camb,
at Rome, which was the largest in the world. [L.] comber, kom'er, one who combs wool, Sec.
Colour, kul'ur, n. a property of light which causes Comb, Combe, kOm, n. a liollow among hills ; a
bodies to have different appearances to the eye ; narrow valley ; the hollow cell or assemblage of
the hue or appearance which bodies present to cells in which bees store their honey. [W. cwm,
the eye ; appearance of blood in the face ; tint ;
paint ; superficial orexternal cover or appearance ; a hollow.]
false show ; kind.//, a Bag, ensign, or stand Combat, kom'bat. or kum'bat, vd. to beat, contend,
ard ; paints.v.t. to put colour on ; to stain ; to inor opposition
struggle with.v.t. to beat against; to act
to ; to contest:pr.p. com Dating;
paint ; to set in a fair light ; to exaggerate.v.i. Pa.p. com'bated.n. a struggle to conquer; a
to shew colour ; to blush '.pr.p. colouring ; pa.p.
or adj. coloured. [L. color.] rattle or fight, [Fr. combattrt, to fightcom,
colourable, kul'ur-a-bl, adj. having a fair appear with, and battre, to beat.] See Beat.
ance ; designed to conceal.adv. col'our&bly. combatant, kom'bat-ant, adj. disposed or inclined
colouring, kul ur-ing, n. any substance used to give to combat.n. one who fights or combats.adj.
colour; manner of applying colours; specious com'batable.
appearance. combative, konVbat-iv, adj. inclined to quarrel or
rtst, kul'ur-ist, ., on* who colours or paints ; fight.n. com b&tiveness.
; who excels in colouring. [parent, Combine, kom-bln', v.t., to join two together; to
rless, kul'ur-les, adj., without colour; trans- agree; to unite intimately.-v.i. to come into
111c, kul-ur-ifik, adj.,giving, containing, or pro close union ; in chem. to unite and form a new
ducing colours. [L. color, and/ado, to make.] compound :Pr.p. combln'ing ; pa.p. combined'.
OolportBur, kol'pcrt-ar, Colporter, kol'pOrt-er, n. lit. [L. combinare, to joincom, together, and bini,
one who carries on his neck; a pedlar, particu two and two. ]
larly one who travels for the sale of tracts and combination, kom-bi-nS'shun, n., the act ofcombin
religious books. [Fr. colporteur, from col1*. col- ing; union ; a number of persons united for a
lum, the neck, and porter L. portare, to carry.] purpose ; an association.
oolportago, kolpOrt-aj, n. the distribution of books, Combustible, kom-bust'i-bl, adj. that may take fire
Sec., by colporteurs. and bum; liable to take fire and burn.n. any
Colt, k.'h, n. lit. a young animal; a young horse ; a thing that will take fire and burn. [L. comburo,
foolish young fellow : in B. , a young camel, orass. combustus, to consumecom, intensive, and buro,
[A.S. colt} Sw. knit, a young boar, a stout boy.] uro, to bumGr. pur, fire.]
9eltu\h,kQ\t'ish, adj., like a colt; frisky; wanton. combuitlbleness, kom-bust'i-bl-nes, combustibility,
Colter, Coulter, koTter, n. the cutter or splitter; kom-bust-i-bil'i-ti, . capability of being bu;
the fore-iron of a plough, that cuts through the combustion, kom-bust'yun, ., aburning; thea
ground. [A.S. culler; Fr. coutre; L. culler; of fire on combustible substances.
Sans, krit, to cut : W. cyllta-.vrcwt, the cutter.] Come, kum, v.i. to move toward this place ; to draw
lolumbary, kol'um-ba-ri, . apigeon-house, or dove near ; to arrive at a certain state or condition ; tc* *
cot. [L. columbariumcolumba, a dove.] yield to applied pressure or labour ; to become ;
columbine, kol'um-bln, adj., ofor like a dove; dove- to issue ; to happen :pr.p. com'ing ; pa.t. c5me :
coloured.n. a genus of plants ; a kind of violet Pa.p. come. [A.S. cuman, Ger. kommen, tocome.]
or dove-colour ; the heroine in a pantomime. comely, kumli, adj., becoming; convenient ; pleas
Columbian, kO-Ium'bi-an, adj. pertaining to Col comeHnest. ing ; handsome.-adv. in a comely manner..
umbia, a name ofAmerica. [Columbia, America, Comedy, kom'c-di, n. a dramatic piece, of a light,
from Columbus, its discoverer.]
Column, kol'um, n. lit. that which is high ; a long, ter. humorous description, orig. of a lyrical charac
round body, used to support or adorn a building ; mirthful [ L. comadta, Gr. kSmddia, a ludicrous or
any upright body or mass like a column ; a body or kSmi, spectacleeither from kdmos, a revel,
a village, and aeidd, to sing.]
of troops drawn up in deep files ; a perpendicular comedian, kO-me'di-an, n. one who acts or writes
row of iincs in a book. [L. columen, cobtmna, comedies ; an actor.
akin to cel-sus, high, collis, a hill, and Gr. koldni, comic, kom'ik, comical, komlk-al, adj. relating to
a hill ; W. cotof, stem, colofn, column.] comedy; raising mirth ; droll.adv. com'lcally.
Cite, Gut; me", her; mine; mote ; mute; moon; then.
 Comet
Comet, kom'et, n. lit. a star withflowing hair; a
member of the solar system, with a very eccen
tric orbit and a nucleus surrounded by a coma
or hairy-like appearance, and a luminous tail.
[Gr. komltis, long-hairedhome, hair.]
cometary, kom'e-tar-i, adj. relating to a comet.
Comflt, Comnture. See under Confect.
Comfort, kum'furt, v.t., to strengthen; to relieve
from pain or distress; to cheer; to console:
pr.p. com'forting; /a./.com'forted.w.com'forter.
[Fr. con/orterL. con, andfords, strong.]
comfort, kum'furt, strength; relief; encourage
ment ; ease ; quiet enjoyment ; freedom from
annoyance ; whatever gives ease, enjoyment, &c.
comfortable, kum'fur-ta-bl, adj. imparting or enjoy
ing comfort.adv. comfortably.
comfortless, kum'furt-les, adj., without comfort.
Comic, Comical. See under Comedy.
Comity, kom'i-ti, ., courteousness ; civility. [L.
comitas, -atiscomis, courteous, akin to Sans.
ham, to love.]
Comma, kom'ma, n. lit. a part cut off; in punctua
tion, the point (,) which marks the smallest
division of a sentence. [I.. comma, Gr. komma,
a section of a sentence, from koptd, to cut off.]
Command, kom-mand', v.t. lit. to Put into one's
Hand; to give one a charge over; to order; to
summon ; to lead ; to exercise supreme authority
over ; to have within sight, influence, or control.
v.i. to have chief authority over ; to govern :
pr.p. commanding ; pa.p. command'ed.. an
order; authority; message; the ability to over
look or influence ; the thing commanded. [Fr.
commanderL. com, and mando, to commit to
manus, the hand, and do, to give. ]
commandant, kom-man-dant7, n. an officer who has
the command of a place or of a body of troops.
commander, kom-mand'er, n., one who commands ;
an officer in the navy next in rank under a cap
tain.n. command erahip
commanding, kom-mand'ing, adj. fitted to impress
or control.adv. command'ingly.
commandment, kom-mand'mcnt, n. , a command; a
precept ; one of the ten moral laws.
Commensurable, kom-mczh'ur-a-bl, adj. same as
Commensurable.
Commemorate, kom-rnem'o-rat, v.t., to keep in the
memory or mind; to call to remembrance by a
solemn act or observation '.Pr.p. commemorat
ing ; Pa.p. commem'Orated.n. commemora'tlon,
[L. commemoratus, pa.p. of commemorare, to
remembercom, intensive, and mentor, mindful.]
commemorative, kom-mcm'O-ra-tiv, adj. tending or
serving to commemorate.
Commence, kom-mens/, v.i.} to begin ; to originate ;
to take rise. v.t. to begin ; to originate ; to enter
upon :;fr.p. commenc/ing^ ; pa.p. commenced'.
[Fr. commencer, It. cominciare, L. com, and
initiare, to beginin, into, and eo, to go.]
commencement, kom-mens'ment, . the beginning ;
the thing begun.
Commend, kom-mend', v.t., to commandorput into
the hands of; togive into the charge of ; to recom
mend as worthy ; to praise :Pr.p. commend'ing ;
pa.p. commend'ed. [from root of Command.]
commendable, kom-mend'a-bl, adj. worthy of being
commended or praised.adv. commend'ably.n,
commend'ableneM.
commendation, kom-men-da'shun, n.,the act ofcom
mending; praise ; declaration of esteem.
commendatory, kom-mend'a-to-ri, adj. ,cotnmending;
fate, far ; me", her ; mine ;
So
commissariat
containing praise or commendation; presenting
to favourable notice or reception.
Commensurable, kom-men'sQ-ra-bL adj. , having a
common measure, applied to numbers capable
of being measured or divided by the same
number without a remainder, as 8 and 24 by 4.
[L. com, with, and mensura, a measuremetior,
mensus, to measure.]adv. commen'surably.ns.
commensurabillty, eommen'surabteneis.
commensurate, kom-men'su-rat, adj., of the same
measure with ; equal in measure or extent ; in
proportion with.adv. commen'iurately.ns.
commen'nrateness, commensura'tion.
Comment, kom'ment, n. a note conveying an illus
tration or explanation ; a remark, observation,
criticism.v. i. {or kom-ment') to make critical or
explanatorynotes.ns. com'mentator, com mentor.
[L. commentum, a thought, reflectioncom-
miniscor, comntentus, to reflect uponcom, and
mens, the mind. ]
commentary, kotn'ment-a-ri, n., a comment, or a
book or body of comments.
Commerce, kom'mers, n. interchange of merchand
ise on a large scale between nations or individuals ;
extended trade or traffic ; intercourse ; fellow
ship. [Fr. commerce, L. commerciuntcom,
with, and merx, mereis, goods, merchandise.]
commercial, kom-mer'shal, adj., pertaining to com
merce; mercantile. adv. commer cially.
Comminatlon, kom-mi-na'shun, n., a threat; a
divine threat of punishment ; a recital of God's
threatenings made on Ash-Wednesday in the
English Church. [L. comminatiocom, inten
sive, and minor, to threaten.]
comminatory, kom-min'a-tor-i, adj., threatening or
denouncing punishment.
Commingle, kom-ming^gl, v.t., to mingle or mix
with :pr.p. commingling ; pa.p. commingled.
[L. com, together, and Mingle. J
Comminute, kom'min-ut, v.t. to reduce to minute
Particles or to powder .pr.p. com'minCiting ;
Pa.p. com'minuted.n. comminution, [L. com-
minuo, -utum, to break into piecescorn, and
minuo, from minus, less.]
Commiserate, kom-miz'er-at, v.t., to feel for the
miseries ofanother; to pity -.Pr.p. commiserat
ing ; Pa.p. commis'erated. [L. com, with, and
miseror, to deplore, from miser, wretched.]
commiseration, kom-miz-er-a'shun, n. concern for
the sufferings of others ; pity.
Commissary. &c. , Commission, &c See under.
Commit, kom-mit', v.t. lit. to send one with some
thing ; to iatrust ; to consign ; to do ; to endanger :
to pledge 7-Pr.p. committ ing ; pa.p. committed.
[L. committocom, with, and miito, to send.]
commitment, kom-mit'ment, n., act ofcommitting;
an order for sending to prison ; imprisonment,
committal, kom-mit'tal, n. commitment ; a pledge,
actual or implied,
committee, kom-mit'to, . one or more persons to
whom any matter or business is committed.
commlM&ry, kom'is-sar-i, n. one to whom any charge
is committed ; an officer who has the charge of
furnishing provisions, &c. to an army. [Fr. com-
tnissaire, from L. committo, commissus.}n.
com'miataryship.
commlisartal, kom-mis-su'ri-al, adj. pertaining to a
commissary.
commissariat, kom-mis-sa'ri-at, n. the office and
duties of a commissary in the army ; the body of
officers in the commissary's department.
mCte ; mute; mCSn; then.
 commission company
commission, kom-mish'un, n., act of committing; v.i* to have something incommon with another ;
that which is committed ; a writing conferring to have the means of passing from one to another ;
certain powers ; authority ; charge or fee to an totakehaveof intercourse ; to impart or share ; to par
agent, &c. for transacting business ; one or more ing ; Pa.p.The Communion :pr.p. communicat
persons appointed to perform certain duties. ntunicatus,commun'icated. from communis.]
[L. communico, com-
v.t. to give a commission to ; to appoint :Pr.p. communicable, kom-mun'i-ka-bl, adj. , that may b*
commissioning ; pa.p. commissioned, communicated.adv. commun'icahly.
commissioner, kom-mish'un-er, n. one who holds a communicant, kom-mun'i-kant, ., one ivho commu
commission to perform some business. nicates ; one who partakes of The Communion.
Commix, kom-miks', v.t., to mix together.v.t. to communlcaUon, kom-mQn-i-ka'shun, n., act of com
mix:pr.p. commix'ing; pa.p. commixed'. [L. municating; that which is communicated ; inter
com, together, and Mix. ] course ; correspondence,
commixture, kom-miks'tur, n.t act of mixing communicative, kom-mun'i-ka-tiv, adj. , inclined to
together; the state of being mixed; the mass communicate or give information ; unreserved.
formed by mixing. /;. commnn'lcatlvenen. [knowledge,
Commode, kom-mOd', n. lit. a convenience; a small communicatory, kom-mOnl-ka-tor-i, adj. imparting
sideboard ; a head-dress formerly worn by ladies. communion, kom-mUn'yun, ., act of communing;
[Fr. ; L. commodus, having full measure, con mutual intercourse ; fellowship ; common posses
venient, from com, with, and modus, a measure.] sion
commodious, kom-mO'di-us, adj. lit. having a full gious service ; the body of people; who
; interchange of transactions union in reli
so unite.
measure; complete ; adapted to its use or pur The Communionthe celebration of the Lord's
pose ; useful ; suitable ; comfortable.adv. com- Supper. [L. communio, from communis.]
mo'dlously.n. commo'dloomeu. [h. commodus.]
commodity, kom-mod'it-i, ., afitting measure ; a communing!, kom'G-nizm, ., community of pro
perty, or the having property in common,
convenience, or that which affords it ; an article communist, kom'Q-nist, n. one who holds the prin
of traffic. [L. commoditas, from comtnodus.] ciples of communism.
Commodore, kom'o-dOr, n., the commander of a community, kom-mUn'i-ti, ., common possession or
squadron or detachment of ships ; the leading enjoyment; people having common rights, &c. ;
ship of a fleet of merchantmen. [It. comanda- the public or people in general.
tore; Sp. comendador; low L. commendo, from Commute, kom-mflr/, v.t., to change with or ex
L. com, intensive, and mando, to command] change; to exchange a punishment for one less
Common, kom'un, adj. lit. serving together/ belong severe.v.i. to stand in place or compensate :
ing equally to more than one ; public ; general; Pr.p. commuting ; pa.p. commQt'ed. [L. com-
usual ; frequent ; easy to be had ; of little value ; muio, from com, with, and muto, to change.]
vulgar.n. a tract of open land, used in common commutable, kom-mut'a-bl, adj., that may be com
by the inhabitants of a town, parish, &C- [L. muted or exchanged.n. commutabil'lty.
communiscom, together, and munis, serving ; commutation, kom-mu-ta'shun, the act of com
prob. connected with munus, a duty.]adv. muting; change or exchange of one thing for
comm'only.n. comm onness, another ; the change of a penalty or rate from a
commonage, kom'un-aj, n. right of pasturing on a greater to a less,
common ; the right of using anything in common. commutative, kom-mur'a-tiv, adj., relating to ex-
commonalty, kom'un-al-ti, n. the body of common change,- interchangeable.adv. commut'alively.
people below the rank of nobility,
commoner, kom'un-er, n. one of the common people ; Compact, kom-pakt', adj. , fastened or packed to
a member of the House of Commons, gether; closely and firmly united ; firm ; close ;
brief.v.t.,
commonplace, kom'un-plas, ., a common topic or closely together to fasten or fix together; to press
subject ; a memorandum ; a note.adj. common ; pacting ; Pa.p. ; and to consolidate :pr.p. com
adj. compacted.advs.
hackneyed.n. comm'onplace book, a note or compactly, compact'edly.n. compact'edneai. [L.
memorandum book, [common, andplace, a trans, compactus, paj). of compingocom, together,
of L. locus, a place, a topic of discourse.] and Pango, to fasten, fix : akin to Sans, fac, to
commons, kom'unz, n.pi, the commonpeople ; their bind, E. pack.]
representativesi.e., the lower House of Parlia compactness, kom-pakt'nes, ., state of being com
ment or House of Commons ; common land ; pact; closeness.
food at a common table,
commonweal, kom'un-wl, commonwealth, kom'un- Compact, kom'pakt, n., a mutual bargain or agree
ment; a league, treaty, or union. [L. compac-
wclth, n. lit. the common or public ttv/Z-being or tumcompaciscor,
good; the government in a free state ; the public to make a bargain :.from com, with, andpaciscor,
akin to Sans, pac, to bind.]
or whole body of the people ; a form of govern Companion, kom-pan'yun,
ment in which the power is lodged with the eats bread with another ; lit. n. one who feeds or
one who keeps com
people- [Sec Weal and Wealth.] pany or frequently associates with another; an
Commotion, kom-mC'shun, n., a violent motion or associate or partner. [Fr. compagnon, Sp. com-
moving; excited or tumultuous action, physical pano ; from low L. companium, a messL.
or mental ; agitation ; tumult. [L. commotio com, with, and Panis, bread.]n. compan'lonabJp.
com, intensive, and moveo, motus, to move.] companionable, kom-pan'yun-a-bl, adj., ft to be a
Commune, kom-mfin', v.i. to make sentiments com- companion; agreeable.adv. compan'Jonably.
mon to two ; to converse or talk together ; to companion]ess, kom-pan'yun-lest adj., wit/iout a
have intercourse communing ; Pa.p. companion.
commOncd'. [Fr. communier; L. communico, company, kum'pa-ni, . lit. a number of compan
from communis.] Sec Common, ions ; any assembly of persons; a number of
communicate, kom-mfln'i-kat, v.t., to makecommon ; persons associated together for trade, &c; a
to impart; to reveal ; to participate; to bestow. society; a subdivision of a regiment; the crew of
fate, far ; mc", hex ; mine ; mOte ; mute ; mOOo ; Men.
Si
 Compare complement
a. ship ; state of being a companion ; fellowship ; ing ; an abridgment. [L. com, together, and
society.v.L to associate with. [Fr. compagnie.) root ofpenda, to weigh.]
Compare, kom-par/, v.t. lit. tosettogether, topairor ompendious, kom-pcn'di-us, adj. short ; comprehen
match; to set things together, to ascertain how sive.adv. comj ' "
far they agree or disagree ; to liken or represent
as similar ; iagram., to inflect an adjective.v.L Compensate, kom-pen'sat, or kom'pen-&2t, v.t. lit. to
to be like or equal ; to hold comparison :pr.p. give to
weightfor weight ; to give equal value for :
reward suitably for service rendered :Pr.p.
comparing ; Pa.p. compared'. x. comparison.
\ L. compare, to match, from com, together, and compen'sating;
intensive, and
Pa.p. compensated. [L. com,
penso, to weigh.]
paro, to put.] compensation, kom-pen-sa'shun, n., act of compen
comparable, kom'par-a-bl, adj., that may be com sating; reward for service ; remuneration,
pared; worthy of comparison ; being of equal compensatory, kom-pen'sa-tor-i, adj., serving for
regard.adv. com'parably. compensation; making amends.
comparative, kom-par'a-tiv, adj. estimated by com Compete, kom-peT/, v.t., to seek or strive after t/u
paring with something else ; not positive or same thingas another; to contend for a prize :
absolute ; in gram., expressing more.-adv. com pr.p. compiling; Pa.p. compeYed. [L. compete-
paratively. com, together, and peto, to seek.]
comparison, kom-par'i-sun, n., the act ofcomparing; competition, kom-pe-tish'un, the act ofcompete
comparative estimate ; a simile, or figure by 1 '. common strife for the same object
which two things are compared ; in gram., the competitive, kom-pet/i-tiv, adj. pertaining to or
inflection of an adjective. producing competition.
Compartment, kom-part'ment, n. a separate fart competitor, Icom-pctf-tor, n., one who competes ;a
or division of any enclosed space; a subdivision rival or opponent.
of a carriage, [low L- compartimentumL. Competent,
comPartior, to divide withcom, with, and/ar- fit ; belonging. [L. compete, to strive after to ;
kom'pe"-tent, adj., statable; sufficient
tior, to dividepars, a part]
Compass, kum'pas, n. lit. aPassing round, so that gether, to agreecom, with, and Peto, to seek.]
adv. com petcntly.
the starting point and the ending point come competence,
together; a circuit; space; limit; range; an legal powerkom'pS-tens, or capacity.
. fitness ; sufficiency ;
instrument consisting of a magnetised needle,
used to steer ships by, &cpi. com'passes, an Compile, kom-plr', v.t. lit. to scrape together In order
instrument consisting of two movable legs, for to carry off; to form a body of selections from
describing circles, &c- [Fr. compos; low L. com- the works of one or more authors ; to rearrange
PassusL. com, together, andpassus, a step.] statements of fact, opinion, &c. ; to compose :
compass, kum'pas, v.t., to pass or go round; to sur pr.p. compTl'ing ; Pa.p. compiled'.n. oompU'er.
round or enclose ; to besiege ; to bring about or [L. compilecom, together, andpilo, to plunder. ]
obtain ; to contrive or plot :Pr.p. com'passing ; compilation, kom-pi-la'shun, .t the act ofcompiling,
Pa.p. com'passed. or the thing compiled ; a literary work consist
Compassion, kom-pash'un, n. lit. a suffering with ing of parts selected from various authors.
another ; sympathy ; fellow-feeling ; pity. [Fr. Complacent, kom-pla'sent, adj., pleasing; pleased ;
L. compassiocom, with, and patior, passus, to gratified; civil.adv. compla'centlv. ' L. com-
suffer.] placenscom, intensive, and placeo, to please.]
compassionate, kom-pash'un-at, adj., disposed to complacence, com-pla'scns, complacency, coni-plA'-
compassion; sympathising; inclined to pity or sen-si, n. pleasure ; satisfaction ; civility,
to have mercy upon.v.t. to have compassion complaisant, korr/pla-zant, or -zant/, adj. same as
for ; to have pity or mercy upon :pr.p. compas'- Complacent. [Fr.compiaire, L. complaceo.]
sioniiting ;Pa.p. compassionated.adv. compas complaisance, kom'pl3-zans, or -zans', /.-. same as
sionately.n. compas slonateness. complacence. [Fr.]
Compatible, kom-pat/i-bl, adj., thatcan bear with; Complain, kom-plan', v.L orig. to beat the head or
that suits or agrees with ; suitable.adv. com breast as a sign ofgrief; to express grief, pain,
patibly. [Fr.L. com, with, patior, to bear.] censure ; to murmur or express a sense of injury ;
compatibility, kom-pat-i-bil'i-ti, the being com to accuse :^./.complaining ;pa.p.complained'.
patible; suitability; consistency. [ Fr. complaindre, low L. complangerecom, in
Compatriot, kom-pa'tri-ot, adj. , of the samefather tensive, andpldngo, Gr. pltssd, to strike.]
land or country.n. one of the same country, complainant, kom-p&nant, one who complains;
and having like interests and feelings. [ L. com, in law, one who urges a suit,
with, and Patriot.] complaint, kom-plant', ., a complaining; an ex
Compeer, kom-pcV, n., one who is equal to another; pression of grief ; a representation of pains or
a companion ; an associate. [L. comparcom, injuries ; a finding fault ; the thing complained of.
with, and Peer, frompar, equal.] Complaisance, Complaisant. See under Complacent.
Compel, kom-pel', v.t., to drive or urge on for See under Complete.
cibly; to oblige :pr.p. compell'ing; pa.p. com . kom-pler/, v.t., tofillup, finish, or perfect ;
pelled'.adj. compellable. [L. com, intensive, and to accomplish :/r./. completing; Pa.p. com-
pello, pulsum, to drive.]
compulsion, kom-pul'shun, n., the act ofcompelling; pleYed.intensive,
[L. compleo, completum, to fill upcom,
and pleo, to fill.]
force: necessity; violence.
compulsive, kom-pul'siv, compulsory, kom-pul'sor-i, complete,
ciency ;
kom-plct'
pleV, adj.,filled up; free from defl
perfect
ect ; finished.adv. completely.n.
adj., having power to compel; forcing.advs. completeness,
compul'slvely, compul'sorlly. completion, kom-pl5'shun, n., the act or state of
Compendium, kom-pen'di-um, n. lit. a weighing being complete ; fulfilment.
together or storinghence, a saving ; a shorten- 'p\-mcTit,n.,thatwhichcomp/etes;
fale, far; m, her; mine; mOte; mute; mCon; then.
 complemental
the thin g thus completed ; full number orquantity.
[L. complementumcom, and pleo.]
complemental, kom-plO-ment'al, complementary, kom-
ple-menr/ar-i, ad;., Jilting /; supplying a defi
ciency.
Complex, kom'plcks, adj. lit. complicated', com
posed of more than one, or of many parts; not
simple ; intricate ; difficult.adv. com'plexly. [L.
complexcom, together, and plcc, root ofptico,
to fold.] See Complicate.
complexion, kom-plck'shun, ., the state qf being
complex i texture; temperament; hue of the
skin ; general appearance.
complexions!, kom-plek'shun-al, adj. depending on
or pertaining to complexion.
eomplexloned, kom-plek'shund, adj., havinga com
plexion, or a certain temperament or state.
complexity, kom-plck'si-ti, . state of being complex.
Compliance, Compliant, &c. See under Comply.
Complicate, kom'pli-kit, v.t, to twist or plait
together; to render complex; to entangle:
Pr.p. complicating ; Pa.p. complicated. [I,. com,
together, and ptico, plicatutn, to fold.] See
Complex.
complicacy, kom'pll-ka-si, n. state of being compli
cated.
complication, kom-pli-ka'shun, ., the actofcompli
cating; the state of being complicated ; an intri
cate blending or entanglement.
complicity, kom-plisl-ti, . state or condition of
being an accomplice.
Compliment, &a See under Comply.
Comply, kom-pll', v.t., to bend to the wishes of
another ; to yield assent ; to agree '.pr.p. com
plying; pad. and pa.p. complied', [old Fr.
compTierL. com, together, and ptico, to fold.]
compliance, kom-pll'ana, ., t/ie act ofcomplying ; a
yielding ; agreement.
compliant, kom-plfant, adj., bending down I yield
ing ; cwWadv. eoxnpli'astly.
compliment, kom'pli-mcnt, n., a bending to the
wishes of another; an expression of retard or
admiration ; delicate flattery. [Fr. compliment.]
compliment, kom'pli-mcnt, v.t. to pay a compliment
to; to express respect for; to praise : to flatter:
Pr-P- com'plimenting; Pa.p. com'plimented.
complimentary, kom-pU-mcnt'ar-i, adj. conveying
compliment; expressing civility or praise.
Component, kom-pO'nent, adj., placing together;
forming one of the elements of a compound..
one of the elements of a compound. [L. com,
together, and Potto, to place.]
Comport, kom-pOrt', v.t. lit to bear or put up; to
agree, accord, suit.v.t. to bear one's self, to
behave :Pr.p. comporting ; Pa.p. compGrt'ed.
[L. com, together, and porta, to carry.}
Compose, kom-poY, v.t., toplace together; to form
by putting two or more parts or things together ;
to place in order; to set at rest; to soothe; to
place types in order for printing ; to originate
or become the author of, as a book :Pr.p. com
posing ; Pa.p. composed'.n. composer. [L.
com, together, and pono, pesitum, to place.]
composed, kom-pOzd', adj. settled, quiet, calin.
adv. composedly. compos edneas.
composite, kom'poz-it, adj., composed oftwo or more
distinct parts; in arch., a blending of the Ionic
and the Corinthian orders.
oonipoiition, kom-pO-zish'un, n,, the act of compos
ing ; the thing composed, as a work in literature,
music, or painting ; a coming together or agree
fite, fir ; me, her ; mine ;
Compute
ment ; an agreement whereby payment of part
of a debt is taken for the whole.
compositor, kom-poz'i-tor, ., one who composes, or
sets up types for printing.
compost, kom'post, ., a composition or mixture : a
mixture for manure; a kind of plaster.
composure, kom-pO'zhflr, ., the act of composing;
the thing composed ; settlement ; calmness.
Compound, kom-pound', v. t. , toplace together ; to
mix; to settle or adjust by agreementv.t. to
agree, or come to terms ; to bargain in the lump :
Pr.p. compounding ; pa.p, compounded, [h.
cornpono. See Compose. J
compound, kom'pound, adj., compounded; com
posed of a number of parts ; not simple.. a
mass made up of a number of parts.
Comprehend, kom-prtJ-hcnd', v.U lit to seize as if
with both hands; to embrace within limits,
either mentally or physically ; to comprise or
include ; to understand '.Pr.p. comprehending;
pa.p. comprehended. [L. com, with, and pre-
hendo, from Prae, before, and an old word, kendo
= Gr. chandanS, tohold, comprise; A.S. hentan,
to seize.] See Hand.
comprehensible, kom-pre-hen'si-bl, adj., that may
be comprehended; capable of being understood.
adv. comprehensibly.ns. comprehenslbU'ity, com.
prehen sibleness.
comprehension, kom-pre-hen'shun, ft., the act or
quality of comprehending; power of the mind to
understand; an epitome.
comprehensive, kom-prC-hen'siv, adj. , having the
quality or power 01 comprehendingmuch ; exten
sive ; full. comprehensively.-. compre-
hen'tiveness.
Compress, kom-pres', v.t., topress together; toforce
into a narrower space; to condense ;Pr.p. com
pressing ; pa.p. compressed'. [L. comprimo,
compressuscom, together, and prrmo, to press,]
compress, kom'pres, . a bolster made of folds of
soft linen, used in surgery, and so contrived as,
by the aid of a bandage, to make due pressure
on any part.
compressible, kom-presl-bl, adj., that may be com
pressed.k. compressibility.
compression, kom-presh'un, ., act ofcompressing i
state of being compressed.
compressive, kom-preslv, adj., able to compress.
Comprise, Vom-prlz,,v.t., tocomprehend; to contain :
pr.p, comprising ; Pa.p. comprised'. [Fr. covi-
Pris, pa.p. of comprtndreL. cotnprehendere.}
See Comprehend.
comprisal, kom-prfz'al, ., the act ofcomprising.
Compromise, kom'prO-mlz, n. a settlement of differ
ences by mutualpromise or concession.-v.t. to
promise mutually ; to abide by the decision of an
arbiter; to settle by mutual agreement and con
cession ; to pledge ; to involve :pr.p. com'pro-
mlsing ; pa.p. com'prflmlscd. [Fr. compromis
L. com, together, and promitto, to promise.]
Comptroll, Comptroller. Sec under Control.
Compulsion, Compulsive, &c. See under Compel.
Compunction, kom-pungk'shun, ., the pricking of
the conscience ; remorse. [L. compunctt'ocotn,
intensive, and Pungo, functus, to prick.]
compunctious, kom-pungk'shus, adj. feeling or
causing compunction ; repentant ; remorseful.
Compute, kom-pOt', v.t., to count or reckon together;
to cast together in order to find the collective
value ; to calculate ; to number :pr.p. comput
mOte ; mate ; mOTJn ; ///en.
 computable
ing ; Pa.p. compflted. [L. computo, from com,
together, and Puto, to reckon.]
computable, kom-puta-bl, adj., tltat may be com
puted.
computation, kom-pQ-ta'shun, ., act ofcomputing;
the sum or quantity computed ; estimate.
Comrade, kom'rad, n. lit. a chamber-mate ; a com
panion. [Ft. camarade ; It. camerataL.
camera, a chamber.]
Con, kon, a contraction of L. contra, against, as
in pro and con, for and against.
Con, kon, v.t. lit. to ken or know; to inquire into ;
to commit to memory :pr.p. conn'ing ; Pa.p.
conned'. [A.S. cunnan, to know, amnion, to
inquire into; Goth, kunnan, to know.]
Concatenate, kon-kat-n5t, v.t., to chain or link
together; to connect in a chain or series :pr.p.
concatenating ; Pa.p. concatenated. [L. con,
together, and catena, a chain.]
concatenation, kon-kat-e-na'shun, . a series of
links united ; a series of things depending on
each other.
Concave, konlcav, adj., completely hollow ; curved,
vaulted, or arched.n. a hollow ; an arch or
vault. [L. concavus, from con, intensive, and
cavus, hollow.] See Cave.
concavity, kon-kav'i-ti, n. the inner surface of a
concave or hollow body.
Conceal, kon-s5l', v.t., to hide completely or care
fully; to keep secret ; to disguise ; to keep from
telling '.pr.p. concealing ; pa.p. concealed'.
[L. concelo, from con, sig. completeness, and
celo, to hide : akin to A.S. helan, to hide.]
concealable, kon-seTa-bl, adj., that may be con
cealed.
concealment, kon-seTment, ., act of concealing;
secrecy; disguise; hiding-place.
Concede, kon-se"d', v.t., togo awayfrom; to cede or
give up; to quit; to surrender; to admit, to
grant.v.u to admit or grant '.pr.p. conced
ing ; Pa.p. conced'ed. [L. concedo, from con, sig.
completeness, and cedo, to go, to yield. ]
concession, kon-scsh'un, ., act of conceding; the
thing conceded ; a grant
concessive, kon-ses'iv, adj. implying concession.
concessory, kon-scs'or-i, adj., co?iceding; yielding.
Conceit, &c. Sec under Conceive.
Conceive, kon-seV, v.t. lit to take or lay /told ofon
all sides ; to receive into, and form in the womb ;
to form in the mind ; to imagine or think ; to
understand.v.u to become pregnant ; to think ;
to have an idea of:pr.p. conceiving; pa.p.
conceived'. [L. concipio, from con, sig. com
pleteness, and capio, to take.]
conceivable, kon-seVa-bl, adj., that may be con
ceived, understood, or believed.adv. concelv'-
ably.n. concelv'ableness.
conception, kon-sep'shun, the act ofconceiving ;
state of being conceived; the thing conceived;
a notion.
conceit, kon-sSt, a conception, or thing conceived
in the mind ; idea ; imagination : pleasant, fan
tastical, or affected notion ; opinion ; favourable
opinion of self. [Port, conceito, Sp. concepto, L.
conceptus, pa.p. of concipio..]
conceited, kon-seted, adj., liaving conceit ; having
a high opinion of one's self ; egotistical.adv.
conceitedly.n. conceit'edness.
Concentre, kon-sent'er, v.i. to tend to or rncH in a
common centre.v.t. to bring or direct to a com
fate, far ; me", her ; mine ;
S4
Conclave
mon centre or point :pr.p. concentring ; Pa.p.
concentred or concentered. [Fr. concentrer
L. con, with, and centrum, the centre.] Sec
Centre.
concentrate, kon-sen'trat, v.t. to bring or force to a
common centre; to bring into a closer union, or
a narrower compass ; to condense -Pr.p. con
centrating ; pa.p. concentrated.
concentration, ton-sen-tra'shun, ., act of concen
trating ; state of being concentrated ; conden
sation.
concentrative, kon-sen'tra-tiv, adj., tending to con~
centraie.
concentric, kon-sen'trik, concentrical, kon-sen'trik-al,
adj., having a common centre.
Conception. See under Conceive.
Concern, kon-sern', v.t. lit. to look to, to regard; to
belong to ; to affect or interest ; to make uneasy :
Pr.p. concera'ing; Pa.p. concerned'.. that
which concerns or belongs to one ; interest ;
regard ; anxiety ; a business or those connected
with it. [L. concemo, from con, together, and
cemo, to sift, to see.)
concerned, kon-scmd', adj. having connection with ;
interested; anxious.~adv<\ concern'edly.n. con
cern'edneu.
concerning, kon-sernlng, prep, regarding; pertain
ing to. [pr.p. of Concern.]
Concert, kon-sert, v.t. lit. to strive or vie with
others for some purpose ; to frame by mutual
consultation; to arrange, adjust;Pr.p. con
certing; pa.p. concerted. [Fr. concertercon,
together, certare, to contend, vie with.]
concert, kon'sert, n. union or agreement in any
plan or undertaking ; harmony ; musical har
mony; a musical entertainment. [Fr.]
concertina, kon-ser-tS'na, n. a musical instrument,
on the principle of the accordion.
concerto, kon-settO, n. a piece of music for a
concert. [It]
Concession, &c. See under Concede.
Conch, kongk, . a marine shell. [L. concha, Gr.
kongcltc, Sans, cankha, a shell.]
conchiferons, kong:kifcr-us, adj., liaving a bivalve
shell. [L. concha, andfero, to bear.]
conchoidal, kong-koid'al, adj. having elevations or
depressions luce the valve of a bivalve shell. [Gr.
kongchi, and eidos, form.]
concbology, kong-kol'o-ji, n. lit. a discourse on
shells; the science of shells. [Gr. kongchi, and
logos, a discourse.]
conchologist, kong-kol'o-jist, . one versed in con-
chology.
Conciliate, kon-sil'i-St, v.t. lit to call or bring to
gether; to unite in thought or feeling; to make
friendly ; to gain, win, or reconcile :Pr.p. con
ciliating ; Pa.p. conciliated. [L. concilio, con
ciliatecon, together, calo, to call.]
conciliation, kon-sil-i-a'shun, ., act of conciliating.
conciliator, kon-sil'i-a-tor, n., one who conciliates;
a peacemaker.
conciliatory, kon-sil'i-a-tor-i, adj., tending to con
ciliate; winning; pacific.
Concise, kon-sTs', adj. lit. cut into pieces ,* cut down :
brief; saying much in few words.adv. concute'ly.
. conciseness. [L. concido, concisus, from
con, sig. completeness, and caedo, to cut]
concision, kon-sizh'un, ., a cutting down or off; a
division ; a faction.
Conclave, konTchTv, n. lit. a room kept locked
up with a key; the room in which cardinals
mOte ; mute ; niGGn ; Men,
 Conclude
meet to elect a pope ; the body of cardinals ; a
private apartment; any close assembly. [L.
conclave, from con, together, and clavis, a key.]
Conclude, kon-klOOd', v. t. lit. to shut together or up ;
to close ; to end ; to decide ; to infer or collect
by reasoning.9.L to end ; to infer ; to form a
final judgment '.Pr.p. conclQd'ing ; /a./, con-
clQd'ed. [L. concludo, conclususcon, together,
and claudo, to shut.]
conclusion, kon-klCO'zhun, n., act of concluding ;
the end, close, or last part ; inference or conse
quence ; judgment ; event. [L, conclusion
conducive, kon-klGoViv, aJr., that concludes; final ;
convincing ; consequential.adv. conclusively.--
ft. conclusiveness.
Concoct, kon-kokt', v.t. lit. to cook or boil together;
to digest ; to prepare or mature :Pr.p. concoct'-
ing ; Pa. p. concoct'ed. [L. concoquo, concoctus
con. together, and coquo, to cook, to boil.]
a, kon-kok'shun, ., act of concocting;
digestion ; ripening ; preparation.
Concomitant, kon-kom'i-tant, adj., accompanying
orgoing along with ; conjoined with ; attendant.
n. he or that which accompanies.adv. con
comitantly. [L. con, with, and comitans, pr.p.
of comitor, to accompanycomes, a companion.]
concomitance, kon-kom'i-tans, concomltancy, kon-
kom'i-tan-si, n. , state ofbeing concomitant, or in
connection with another thing.
Concord, kongTcord or kon', n. state of being of the
sameheart or mind ; oneness offeelings, opinions,
&c. ; peace ; union ; harmony. [Fr. concorde ;
L. concordiaconcors, of the same heart, from
con, sig. connection, and cor, cordis, the heart.]
concordant, kon-kord'ant, adj., having concord;
harmonious; united.-adv. concordantly. [L.
concordans, pr.p, of concordoconcors.]
concordance, kon-kord'ans, ., state or quality of
being concordant; agreement; an index or dic
tionary of the leading words or passages of the
Bible, or of any author, [low L. concordantia.]
concordat, kon-kord'at, . an agreement or com
pact, especially between a temporal sovereign
and the pope. [L. he agrees, 3d pers. sing, of
concordo. ]
Concourse. See under Concur.
Concrescence. Sec under Concrete.
Concrete, konlcret, adj. lit. grown together; formed
into one mass ; congealed ; the opposite of
abstract, and denoting a particular thing.n. a
mass formed by parts growing together ; a com
pound; a mixture of lime, sand, pebbles, &c.
adv. concretely.- [L. concretus
con, together, cresco, cretum, to grow.]
concrete, kon-kr6r, v.i., to grow together; to unite
into a solid mass ; to congeal.v.t. to form into
a mass '.pr.p. concreting ; pa.p. concret'ed.
concretion, kon-kre'shun, n., act of concreting; a
mass concreted ; a lump,
concretive, kon-krCt/iv, adj., causing or having
power to concrete.
concrescence, kon-kres'ens, n.t a growing together;
increase by the union of separate particles.
Concubine, kong'kQ-bln, n. lit. one lying with
another ; a woman who cohabits or lives with a
man without being married. [L. concubina
con, together, and cubo, to He down.]
concubinage, kon-kfl'bin-iij, n. state of living
together as man and wife without being married,
concublnal, kon-ku*bin-al, adj. pertaining to concu
binage.
fate, far ; me, her ; mine ;
conditional
Concupiscence, kon-ku'pis-ens, n.t a longing for;
excessive or irregulardesire for unlawful pleasure ;
lust.adj. concu'piicent. [L. concupiscentia
concupiscocon, intensive, cupto, to desire.]
Concur, kon-kur', v.i., to run together; to meet or
unite in one point ; to act together ; to agree or
combine ; to assent to :pr.p. concurring ; pa.p.
concurred'. [L. concurro, from con, together,
and curro, cursum, to run.]
concurrence, kon-kur'ens, ., act or state ofconcurr
ing; union1; agreement; joint action; assent,
concurrent, kon-kur'ent, adj., concurring; coming,
acting, or existing together ; united ; accompany
ing.adv. concurrently,
concourse, konglcOrs, . an assembly of persons
running or drawn together*
Concussion, kon-kush'un, n. lit. a shaking violently ;
act of shaking or state of being shaken ; a violent
shock caused by the sudden contact of two
bodies. [L. concusswconcutiocon, intensive,
and quatio, to shake.] [quality ofshaking.
concuulve, kon-kuslv, adj., having the power or
Condemn, kon-dem', v.t., to damn or pronounce
wrong or guilty ; to censure or blame ; to sen
tence to punishment ; to pronounce unfit for
use; to reject:/^, condemning; Pa.p. con
demned'. [L. conaemno, from con, intensive,
and damno, to damn. See Dunn.]
condenmabje, kon-dem'na-bl, adj., that may be con
demned; blamable.
condemnation, kon-dem-na'shun, n., act of con
demning; state or cause of being condemned ;
blame ; punishment
condemnatory, kon-dem'na-tor-if adj., containing or
implying condemnation*
Condense, kon-dens', v.t., to make very dense or
thick ; to compress, or reduce by pressure into
smaller compass.v.i. to grow dense '.pr.p.
condensing; Pa.p. condensed'. [L. condenso
con, intensive, dense, to make dense.] See Dense,
condensable, kon-dens'a-bl, adj., capable of being
condensed. [state of being condensed,
condensation, kon-den-sa'shun, n., actofcondensing;
condeniatlve, kon-dens'a-tiv, adj., havingpower or
tendency to condense.
Condescend, kon-dS-send', v.i., to descend or let
one's self down ; to descend willingly from a
superior position ; to yield or submit; to deign :
pr.p. condescending ; pa.p. condescend ed.
[L. con, intensive, and descendo, to descend.]
condescending, kon-de-send ins, adj. yielding to
inferiors ; courteous ; obliging,
condescension, kon-de-sen'shun, n., act of conde
scending ; kindness to inferiors ; courtesy.
Condign, kon-dln', adj. lit. wholly deserving; well
merited.adv. condignly.ft. condlgnness. [L.
condignuscon, wholly, dignus, worthy.)
Condiment, kon'di-ment, n. that which is put along
with something else to preserve or pickle it ;
seasoning ; sauce. [L. condimentumcondio,
to preserve, to pickle.]
Condition, kon-dish'un, n. state in which things are
put together, or exist ; a particular manner of
being; quality; rank; temper; a term of a
contract; proposal; arrangement.v.i. to make
terms.v.t. to agree upon :pr.p. condi'tioning;
Pa.6. condi tioned. [L. conditiocon, together,
ana do, datum, to put]
conditional, kon-dish'un-al,<z^'., containing or dc-
on conditions ; not absolute.adv. con
mOte ; mute ; rnOOn ; then.
 conditioned confine
conditioned, kon-dish'und, adj. having a certain confectioner, kon-fek'shun-6r, in B., confec'tlonixry,
condition, state, or quality. h. one who makes or sells confections.
Condole, kon-dOl', v.L, to grieve or lamentfor the confectionery, kon-fek'shun-er-i, w. sweetmeats in
misfortune of another; to sympathise :/r.>. general; a place for making or selling sweet
condol'ing ; Poup. condoled'. [L. con, with, and meats.
doleo, to grieve.] [ence. comfit, kum'fit, confiture, kum'fit-Qr, n., a confect;
condolatory, kon-dol'a-tor-i, adj. , expressingcondot- a dry sweetmeat. [Fr. confit, confitureL.
condolement, kon-doTment, condolence, kon-dOl'ens, conficioJ]
n., act ofcondoling; grief for another's sorrow. Confederate, kon-fed'er-at, adj., leagued together;
Condone, kon-dfln', v.t., toforgive, esp. a violation allied.. one united in a league ; an ally ; an ac
of the marriage-vow :Pr.p. condOn'ing; Pa.p. complice.v.i. and v.t. to league together orjoin
condoned'. [L. con, dono, to give. See Donation.] in a league ; to ally pr.p. confed'erSting ; pa.p.
condonation, kon-don-a'shun, n.^forgiveness, esp. of confederated. [L. confaderatus, pa.p. of con-
a violation of the marriage-vow. [L. condonation frderocon, together, fadus,foederis, a league.]
Condor, kon'dor, n. the largest flying bird, a species confederacy, kon-fed'er-a-si, n. a league or mutual
of vulture found among the Andes of S. Ame engagement; an alliance ; persons or states
rica, [Sp. condor, from Peruvian, cuntur.} united by a league. ,
Conduce, kon-dus', v.i. (lit. and orig. v.t., to con confederation, kon-fed-cr-a'shun, n., act ofconfeder
duct or lead), to lead or tend to some end ; to ating; a league; alliance, especially of princes,
contribute \-pr.p. conducing ; pa.p. conduced', states, &c.
i I -. con, together, and duco, ductus, to lead.] Confer, kon-fer*, v.t. lit. to bring together for com
conduclble, kon-dusi-bl, conducive, kon-dus'iv, adj., parison; to give or bestow.v.i. to talk or con
leading or tending ; having power to promote. sult together ; to advise with :pr.p. conferring ;
advs. condnc'lbly, conduc'ively.ns. conduc'ible- pa.p. conferred'. [L. conferocon, together, and
neu, conduc'iveness. fcro, to bring.]
conduct, kon-dukt', v.t., to lead or guide ; to direct ; conference, konTer-ens, act ofconferring; formal
to manage ; to behave ; in electricity, to carry or discourse ; an appointed meeting for instruction,
transmit '.pr.p. conducting ; Pa-P- conducted. consultation, discussion, &c [Fr. conference,
conduct, kon'dukt, n., act or method of leading or low L. conferentia.]
managing : guidance ; management ; behaviour. Confess, kon-fes', v.t., to acknowledge fully, espe
oonductible, kon-dukr/i-bl, adj., capable of being ciallysomethingwrong; to own oradmit; to make
conducted or transmitted.n. conductibil'lty. known, as sins to a priest ; to hear a confession,
conduction, kon-duk'shun, ., act or property of as a priestv.i. to make confession '.pr.p. con
conducting or transmitting; transmission by a fessing; P&-P- confessed' or confest?.adv. con-
conductor, as heat.
conductive, kon-duktlv, adj., having tJte quality or feai'edly.con, sig.
[Fr. confesserL. confiteor, confrssus
completeness, and jateorfari, to
power ofconducting or transmitting. speak, akin to Gtphad, and phimi, to speak.]
conductor, kon-dukt'or, . the person or thing that confection, kon-fesh'un, n*, act of confessing; ac
conducts; a leader; a commander; a manager; knowledgment of a crime or fault ; avowal; pro
that which has the property of transmitting elec fession ; acknowledgment of sin to a priest.
tricity, heat, &c-fern, conduct'rees.
conduit, kon'dit, or kun', ., that which conducts; a priest hears confessions. the scat or box where
confessional, kon-fcsh'un-al, n.
a channel or pipe to lead or convey water, &c. confenor, kon-fes'or, or kon', n., one who confesses ;
[Fr. conduit, old Fr. conduict, Sp. conduclo.] one who professes the Christian faith ; in the R.
Cone, kOn, n. lit. that which comes to a point or Catholic Church, a priest who hears confessions
tapers ; a solid pointed figure with a circular and grants absolution.
base, as a sugar-loaf; fruit shaped like a cone, Conflda, kon-fId', v.i., to trust wholly or havefaith
as that of the pine, fir, &c. [Fr. cone; L. conus; in ; to rely or depend ; to believe.v.t. to intrust,
Or. kSnosSans, co, to bring to a point.] or commit to the charge of :pr.p. confiding ;
conic, kon'ik, conical, konlk-al, adj. having the pa.p. confTd'ed. [L. confidocon, sig. complete
form of or pertaining to a cone.adv. con'lcally. ness, andfido, to trust-]
conic*, kon'iks, n. the part of geometry which treats confidant, kon'fi-dant, or kon-fi-dant', n., one con-
of the cotte and its sections or divisions.
conlferoui, kon-if'er-us, adj., cone-bearing, as the fided in or intrusted with secrets ; a bosom-
friend.-^wr. con'fidante. [old Fr. ; Fr. confident.]
fir, &c. [Cone, and h.fero, to carry.]
conoid, kOn'oid, . anything like a cone inform. confident, firmly ;
kon'fi-dent, adj., confiding; trusting
having full belief ; positive ; bold ; im
adjs. connld, eonold'aL [Gr. kdnos, eidos, form.] pudent.adv. confidently.
Coney. Sec Cony. confidence, kon'fi-dens, n. firm trust or belief; self-
Confabulate, koa-fab'u-Iat, v.t., to talk familiarly reliance ; firmness ; boldness.
together; to chat ipr.p. confab'Qlating ; pa.p. confidential, kon-fi-dcn'shal, adj., in confidence;
confab'Qlatcd. [L. con, together, and fabulor, admitted to confidence ; private.adv. confiden'-
fabulatus, to talkfibula, the thing spoken tially.
about-fari, akin to Gr. pJiad, and phimi, to Configuration, kon-fig-Q-ra'shun, n. external figure
speak.]n. confabula tion. or shape ; relative position or aspect, as of
Confect, kon-fekt*, v.t. lit. to make up together; to planets. [L. configuratiocon, together, and
make into sweetmeats '.Pr.p. confecting ; pa.p. figure, to form. See Figure.]
confect'ed. [L. conficwtconfcctuscon, together, Confine, kon'fln, ., that which has the same end
facio, to make.] with another ; border, boundary, or limit. [L.
confect, kon-fekt', confection, kon-fek'shun, ., some confinium, from con, with, and finio, to end
thing made or preserved ; fruit, &C, prepared finis, the end.]
with sugar; a sweetmeat ; a comfit. confine, kon-fln', v.t. to put within confines or
86 fate, far; me, her; mine; mote ; mute; mUon ; Men,
 conflnable
limits ; to bound ; to shut up ; to fasten '.Pr.p.
confln'ing ; Pa.p. confined'.
conflnable, kon-ftn'a-bl, adj., that may be confined.
confinement, kon-fIn'ment, n. act of confining, or
state of being confined ; restraint ; seclusion.
Confirm, kon-fenn', v.t., to make firm or more
Jirm ; to strengthen ; to fix or establish ; to as
sure ; to admit to full communion in the Epis
copal Church '.pr.p. confirming ; pa.p. con
firmed'. [L. confirmocon, intensive, and root
of Firm.]
conflxmable, kon-fcrm'a-bl, adj., capable of being
confirmed.
confirmation, kon-fer-ma'shun . n., act ofconfirmtng;
that which confirms; convincing proof; the rice
by which persons are admitted to full commu
nion in the Episcopal Church.
confirmative, kun-ferm'a-tiv,*u^". having thepowcrof
confirming; tending to confirm.
confirmatory, con-femva-tor-i, adj. serving to con
firm; giving additional strength to.
Confiscate, kon-fiVkat, orkon', v.t. lit. to lay up in a
basket, to transfer to the public treasury; to
adjudge to be forfeited to the state :pr.p. con
fiscating; Pa.p. confiscated. [L. confiscocon,
andfiscus, a basket, the public treasury.]
confiscate, kon-nYkfit, or kon'fis-kat, adj. forfeited
to the public treasury.
confiscable, kon-hVka-bl, adj. liable to be confis
cated.
confiscation, kon-fis-kashun, n., act ofconfiscating.
conflscator, kon'fis-ka-tor, n., one who confiscates.
confiscatory, kon-fisTca-tor-i, adj. consigning to con
fiscation.
Conflagration, kon-fla-gra'shun, ., a great burning
or fire. [L. conjlagratiocon, intensive, and
flagro, to bum.] Sec Flagrant
Conflict, kon-fiikt', v.i. lit. to dash together; to be
in opposition ; to fight ; to contest :pr.p. con-
flicfing ; /a.p. conflicted. [ L. confligo, conflic-
tus, from con, together, andfligo, to dash.]
conflict, kon'flikt, n.,a dashing together; violent
collision ; a fight ; a struggle or contest ; agony.
Confluent, kon'flCO-ent, adj., /lowing together;
uniting. [I* confluens. pr.p. of confine, con-
fiuxus, from con, together, andfiuo, to flow.]
confluence, kon'flGo-cns, aflowing together ; the
place of meeting, as of rivers; a crowding to or
in a place ; a concourse.
, kon'flulcs, n., a confluence or flowing to
il', v.t. to make like or ofthe same
formwith; to adapt.v.i. to be of the sameform,
or like ; to comply with ; to obey '.Pr.p. con
forming ; Pa.p. conformed'. [L. conformocon,
with, andforvnoforma, form.]
conformable, kon-form'a-bl, adj. corresponding in
form ; agreeable ; suitable ; compliant.adv.
conform'ably.
conformation, kon-for-ma'shun, n., act of conform
ing; the manner in which a body is formed ;
relative form ; structure.
conformer, kon-former, conformist, kon-form'ist, n.,
one who conforms, especially with the worship of
the Established Chnrch.
conformity, kon-form'i-ti, n. state of being con
formed; likeness ; compliance with ; consistency.
Confound, kon-found', v.t., to pour together; to
mingle so as to make the parts indistinguish
able ; to throw into disorder ; to confuse ; to per
plex ; to astonish ; to destroy '.Pr.p. confound'-
fate, far ; me, her ; mine ;
conglobulate
ing ; Pa.p. confound'ed. fL. confundo, confusus
con, together, andfundo, to pour.]
confuse, kon-fuV, v.t., to pour ox mix together so
that things cannot be distinguished ; to throw
into disorder : to perplex '.Pr.p. confusing ;
Pa.p. confused'.
confusedly, kon-fuVed-li, adv. in a confused manner,
confusion, kon-fu'zhun, ., state ofbeing confused ;
disorder ; shame ; overthrow ; ruin.
Confraternity, kon-fra-ter'ni-ti, n. same as frater
nity. [L. con, intensive, and fraternity.]
Confront, kon-frunt', v.t. to stand front to front;
to face ; to stand in presence of; to oppose ; to
compare '.Pr.p. confronting; Pa.p. confronted.
[Fr. confronter, low L. confrontare, from L.
con, together, andfrons, the front.] See 1
Confuse, Confusion. Sec under Confound.
Confute, kon-fDr*, v.t. lit. to cool byPouring t
on ; to prove to befutile or false ; to repress ;
to disprove :pr.p. confuting ; pa.p. confuted.
[L. confutocon, intensive, and futis, a water-
vessel, fromfundo, to pour.] See Futile.
confutable, kon-fQt'a-bl, adj. , that may be confuted.
confutation, kon-fQ-ta'shun, ., act of confuting.
Conge, kon'jC, n. lit. a coming andgoing ; leave of
absence; farewell; parting ceremony.v.i. to
take leave ; to bow or courtesy. [Fr. ; Prov.
com/at, from L. commeo, to come and gocom,
intensive, and meo, to go.]
Congeal, kon-jeT, v.t.f to cause to freeze entirely ;
to change from fluid to solid by cold ; to fix, as
by cold.v.i. to pass from fluid to solid as by
cold :~~Pr.p. congeal ing ; Pa.p. congealed'. [L.
congelo, from con, and gelu, frost.]
congeatable, kon-jeTa-bl, adj. capable of being con
gealed.
congealment, kon-jcl'ment, congelation, kon-joUV-
shun, n. act or process of congealing; state of
being congealed ; the mass congealed.
Congener, kon'je-ner, or kon-je'ner, n. a person or
thing of the same genus, origin, or nature. [L.
con, with, and genus, generis, Gr.genos, kind.]
Congenial, kon-jfl'ni-al, adj. of the same genius,
spirit, or tastes ; of the same nature or feeling ;
kindred ; suitable.. congeniality.adv. con
genially. [L. con, with, genialis, genial.] See
QeniaL
Congenital, kon-jenl-tal, adj., begotten together;
of the same birth ; cognate. [L. congenitus,
from con, together, gigno, genitus, to beget. ]
Conger, kong'ger, n. a sea-cci, of from 5 to 10 feet
in length. [L.; Gr. gonggros.]
Congeries, kon-jS'ri-Cr, n. what is brought together;
a collection of particles or small bodies in one
[L.con, together, gero, gestus, to bring.]
. kon-jest/yun, n., a bringing together or
collecting ; an accumulation of blood in any part
of the body ; fullness. [L. congestion
congestive, kon-jcst'iv, adj. indicating or tending to
congestion.
Conglobate, kon-glob'at, adj. formed together into
a globe or ball.v.t. to form into a globe or
ball '.Pr.p. conglGb'ating ; pa.p. conglob'ated.
[L. con, together, and globo, globatusglobus, a
ball, globe.] See Globe,
conglobation, kon-glO-ba'shun, n. , act ^forming into
a globe or ball ; a round body,
eonglobulate, kon-clob'Q-lat, v.i. to gather into a
globule or small globe. [L. con, and globulus,
dim. ofglobus.)
mOte ; mute ; mOOn ; Men.
 Conglomerate
Conglomerate, kon-glom'er-at, adj. gathered into a
globe or bail; composed of glands, united into
one.v.i. to gather into a ball '.pr.p. conglom'-
erSting ; Pa.p. conglomerated.n. a rock com
posed of pebbles cemented together. [L. con
glomerate, pa.p. of conglomcrocon, together,
and glomus, glomeris, =globus, a ball.]
conglomeration, kon-glom-er-a'shun, ., act of con
glomerating; sute of being conglomerated.
Conglutlnate, kon-gloo'ti-nat, v.t., to glue together ;
to heal by uniting.v.i. to unite or grow to
gether \~pr.p. conglu'tin5ting ; Pa.p. conglG'-
tinited. [L. conglutino, conglulinatuscon,
together, and gluten, glue.] See Glue.
conglutlnant, kon-glOG'ti-nant, adj., serving to glue
or unite ; healing.
conglutination, kon-glOO-ti-nu'shun, n., act ofcon-
glxtinating; a joining by means of some sticky
substance ; heaUng.
conglutlnatlve, kon-glco'ti-na-tiv, adj.,havingpower
to conglutinate.
Congratulate, kon-grat'G-Ifit, v.t., to wish joy to
warmly on any fortunate event :pr.p. con
gratulating ; Pa.p. congratulated. [L. congra-
tulor, congratulatuscon, intensive, and gra-
tulorgrains, pleasing.]
congratulation, kon-grat-u-l'shun, ., act of con
gratulating; expression of sympathy or joy on
account of good-fortune.
congratulatory, kon-gr.u'0-la-tor-i, adj., expressing
congratulation.
Congregate, kong'grS-gat, v.t., to gather together,
as a/lock ; to assemble.v.i. to flock together :
Pr.p. con'gregiting ; pa.p. con'grCgated. [L.
congregocon, together, and grex, gregis, a
flock.]
congregation, kong-gr-gu'shun, act of congre
gating; what is congregated ; an assembly.
congregational, kong-ftrC-ga'shun-al, adj.x pertain*
ing to a congregation or to Congregationalism.
Congregationalism, kong-gre-ga'shun-al-izm, n. a
form of church-government, in which all author
ity is invested in each congregation.
CongregatlonalUt, kong-grC-ga^hun-al-ist, n. an
adherent of Congregationalism.
Congress, kong'grcs, n., a meeting together or as
sembly, as ofambassadors, &c. for political pur
poses ; the federal legislature of the United
States. [L. con, together, and gradior, gressus,
to step, to go.]
congreitiTo, kon-gres'iv, adj., meeting; encounter
ing.
Congruent, kong'grOO-cnt, adj., agreeing; suitable.
[L. congruo, to run or meet together, to agree.]
congruence, kong'grCo-cns, congruency, kong-grGO'-
en-si, n., agreement; suitableness.
congraity, kong-grCO'i-ti, n. relation or agreement
between kong'grtSo-us,
things ; consistency.
congruous, adj. suitable ; fit ; consist
ent.adv. cong'ruoualy.n. congYuouanese.
Conic, Coniferous. Sec under Cone.
Conjecture, kon-jekt'Qr, ., a casting or throwitig
together of probabilities ; an opinion without
proof ; a guess ; an idea.adj. conject'uraladv.
conJect'uraUy. [L. conjicio, cottjectum, to throw
togethercon, together, andjacio, to throw.]
conjecture, kon-jckrGr, v.t. to make conjectures re
garding ; to infer on slight evidence ; to guess.
v.i. to make conjectures '.-Pr.p. conjecturing ;
pa.p. conject'fired.
Conjoin, kon-join', v.t., to join together:Pr.p.
ffite, fSr ; me", her ; mine ;
8S
Connive
conjoining; fa.p. conjoined'. [L. con, together,
and jungOfjunctits, to join.] See Join.
conjoint, kon-joint', adj., conjoined;joined together ;
united.adv. conjointly.
conjunction, kon-junk'shun, n., the act ofjoining-
together; association, connection, union; in
gram. , a word that connects sentences, clauses*
and words. [L. conjunctiocon, and>*.]_
conjunctive,kon-junk'tiv, adj. closely united ; serving
to unite ; in gram., introduced by a conjunction.
adv. conjunc tively.
conjuncture, kon-junk'tur, n., the act ofjoining;
the state of being joined : combination of cir
cumstances ; important occasion ; crisis.
Conjugal, kon'ju-gal, adj.. Pertaining to the mar
riage-tie or to marriage ; suitable to the marriage
State.adv. conjugally.. conjugality. [L. con
jugalisconjux, one united to another, a
husband or wifecon, andjugum, a yoke,]
Conjugate, kon'ju-gat, v.t. in gram., to give the
various inflections or parts of a verb:pr.p.
conjugating ; pa.p. conjugated.n. a eword
agreeing in derivation with another word. [L.
conjugocon, together, and jugum, that which
joins, a yoke.]
conjugation, kon-jQ-g'shun, act ofjoining or
state ofbeing joined together ; inflection ofverbs.
Conjure, kon-jOoV, v.t. (orig. v.i., to unite under
oath) to call on or summon by a sacred name or
in a solemn manner ; to implore earnestly :
pr.p. conjuring; Pa.p. conjured'. [L. con,
together, andjuro, to swear.]n. conjurer.
conjuror, kon-jOoVor, . one bound by oath with
others.
conjure, kun'jer, v.t. to act upon by invoking
supernatural aid for magical purposes ; to en
chant ; to raise up or frame needlessly.v.i. to
practise magical arts :pr.p. conjuring (kun'-
jer-ing); Pa.p. conjured (kun'jerd).
conjurer, kun'jur-er, n. one who practjfes magic;
an enchanter.
conjuration, kon-joTVra'shun, n. act of summoning
by a sacred name or solemnly ; act or process
of invoking supernatural aid ; enchantment.
Connascence, kon-nas'ens, birth oftwo or more
at the same time; a being born or produced
with another. [L. con, with, nascor, to he born.)
connascent, kon-nas'ent, adj., bom or produced at
the same time.
connate, kon'nlt, or kon-natV<x<f/., born with one's
self. [L. con, with, and nascor, natus, to be born.]
connatural, kon-nat'Q-ral, adj., ofthe same nature
with another.
Connect, kon-nckt7, v.t., to knit orfasten together;
to establish a relation between.v.i. to become
united or closely related to '.pr.p. connecting ;
pa.p. connect'ea. [L. con, together, and tteclo,
to fasten.]
connectedly, kon-nekt'cd-li, adv., in a connected
manner.
connection, kon-nek'shun, ., act ofconnecting, or
the state of being connected ; that which con
nects ; a body or society held together by a
bond ; coherence ; intercourse.
connective, kon-nekt'iv, adj., havingpower or tend
ing to connect.n. a word that connects sen
tences or words.adv. eonnect'lvely.
connector, kon-nekt'or, n., one wlto or that which
connects.
connexion, kon-nek'shun, n. same as connection.
Connive, kon-nlv', v.i., to wink at a fault ; to fail by
mOte ; mute ; mCun ; //ten.
 connivance
intention to see a fault :Pr.p. conniving ; pa./.
connived'. [L. con, and niveo, to wink.]
connivance, kon-nlv'ans, ., the act of conniving;
voluntary oversight of a fault.
Connoisseur, kon-is-sar', ., one who knows well
about a subject; a critical judge. fFr., from
connoitre, L. cognosco, to knowco, intensive,
and nosco, old formgnosco, toacquire knowledge.]
connoisaeurBhlp, kon-is-sir/ship, n. the skill of a
connoisseur.
Connubial, kon-nO/bi-al, adj.,/ertainingto marriage
or to the married state ; nuptial. [L. con, and
nubo, to marry. See Nuptial J
Conoid. See under Con*.
Conquer, kongicer, v.t. to accomplish by earnest
striving after; to gain by force ; to overcome or
vanquish ; to rise above or surmount.v.i. to
overcome ; to be victor \pr./. conquering ; /a,/.
con'quered. [Fr. conquerirh.conquiro, to seek
afterearnestlycon, intensive, & qucero, to seek.]
conquerable, kongTcer-a-bl, adj., t/tat may be con
quered.
conqueror, kongTccr-or, n, , one who conquers.
conquest, konfpkwest, ., the act of conquering ;
victory ; that which is conquered or acquired t>y
physical or moral force, [old Fr. conquest; L.
conquiro, conquisitum.]
Consanguineous, kon-sang-gwin'e'-us, adj., of the
same bloodwith, or related by blood; ofthe same
family or descent. [L. consanguineustw/, with,
and sanguis, blood, akin to Sans, a-san, blood.]
consanguinity, kon-sang-gwin'i-ti, . relationship by
blood; the relation of persons descended from a
L kon'shens, n, orig. consciousness; knotty-
ledge of conduct in reference to right and wrong ;
the faculty or principle which decides on the law
fulness or unlawfulness of our actions or desires.
[L. conscientia, from conscio, to know with one's
selfcon, with, and scio, to know.]
onscientian, kon-shi-en'shus, adj. regulated by a
regard to conscience; faithful; just,n, oon-
scien'tlousnesi.adv. conscientiously.
ttoscionahU, kon'shun-a-bl, adj. governed or regu
lated by conscience.adv. eon sdonably.
onscious, kon'shus, adj., knowing one*s own
thoughts ; aware.adv. t
Conscript, kon'skript, adj., written denvn, enrolled,
registered.n. one whosetoname
and who is compelled servehasas been enrolled
a soldier or
sailor. [L. conscribo, coKscriptum, to write
together in a list, to enlist.]
conscription, kon-skrip'shun, n, an enrolling ; an
enrolment of individuals held liable for naval
or military service.adj. conscrip'tionol.
Consecrate, kon'sC-krit, v.t., to make sacred; to
set apart for a holy use ; to dedicate to the
service of God ; to render holy or venerable :
/r.p. con'secriting ; /a./, con'se'enitcd.n, con'-
sscrater or con'secrator. [L. consecro, to make
wholly sacredcon, and sacro, to set apart as
sacredsacer, sacred.]
consecration, kon-sc-kru'shun, n. the act of devoting
to a sacred use.
Consecutive, kon-sek'G-tiv, adj.,follmvingin regular
order ; succeeding.adv. consec utively. [Fr.
conse'cutifL. con, and sequor, to follow.]
consecution, kon-sc-ku'shun, tu a train of conse-
quences or deductions; a series of things that
follow on
fate, far; me, her; mine;
consignment
consequence, kon'sS-kwens, ., that which follows
or comes after; effect; result: influence; im
portance. [L. consequentiacon, after, and
sequor, to follow.]
consequent, kon's-kwent, adj., following as a
natural effect or deduction.n. that which fol
lows ; the natural effect of a cause.adv. con'-
sequently.
consequential, kon-sfi-kwen'shal,<ry'.,^//<Kf/c*as a
consequence or result ; pretending to importance ;
pompous.adv. conttquen'tuUly.
Consent, kon-scnr/, v.i., tofeel or think along with
another ; to be of the same mind ; to agree : to
give assent ; to yield :/r./. consent ing ; /a^p.
consent'ed.n. agreement ; accordance with
the actions or opinions of another ; concurrence.
[L. consentio, to agree;con, with, and sentio, to
feel, to think.]
consentaneous, kon-sen-ta'ng-us, adj., agreeable or
accordant to; consistent with. adv. consentane
ously.vs. consenta'neousness, consentane ity.
consentient, kon-sen'shi-ent, adj., agreeing in mind
or in opinion.
Consequence, Consequent, &c See under Consecutive.
Conserve, kon-setV, v.t., to kec/ entire ; to retain ;
to preserve : to preserve in sugar; to pickle:
/r.p. conserving ; pa.p. conserved'.n. eonservVr.
[L. con, together, and servo, to keep.J
conserve, Icon serv, n. something conserved or pre
served, as fruits in sugar.
conservable, kon-serv/a-blt adj., that can be con
sented.
conservant, kon-setVant, adj., having thepower of
conserving.
conservation, kon-ser-va'shun, n., the act of cott'
serz'ing; the keeping entire,
conservative, kon-serva-tiv, adj., tending, or
having power to conserve.n. in politics, one
who desires to preserve the institutions of his
country until they can be changed with cer
tainty for the better,
conservator, kon-seiVa-tor, or kon'ser-va-tor, .,
one who preserves from injury or violation,
conservatory, kon-serVa-tor-i, n. a place in which
things are put for preservation ; a greenhouse or
place in which exotic plants arc kept.
Consider, kon-sid'er, v.t. to look at closely or care
fully ; to think or deliberate on ; to take into
account ; to attend to ; to reward.v.i. to think
seriously or carefully : to deliberate :pr.p. con
sidering ; /a.p. consid cred. [L. considero, prob.
a word Dorrowed from augury, meaning to mark
out the boundaries ofa temflum (see Contemplate)
by the staresidus, siderts, a star.]
considerable, kon-sid'er-a-bl, adj., worthy of being
considered; important; valuable; more than a
Utile.n. consid'erableness,adv. considerably,
considerate, kon-sid'er-at, adj., given toconsuiering ;
thoughtful ; serious ; prudent ; moderate.adv.
considerately.. consid'crateneas.
consideration, kon-sid-er-a'shun, act ofconsider
ing; deliberation ; importance ; motive or reason ;
compensation ; the reason or basis of a compact.
Consign, kon-sTn', z\t. to give to another formally
or under sign or seal; to transfer ; to intrust :
pr.p. consigning ; Pa.p. consigned'. [Fr. con
signer1*. consignocon, with, and signum, a
sign or seal. Sec Sign.]*, coiuugn'er.
consignee, kon-si-nc", n. one to whom anything is
consigned or intrusted. [Fr. consigni, pa.p. of
consigner, to consign.]
* kon-sln'ment, n., act of consisting;
mCtc , mute ; mtlon; Men.
 Consist constriction
the thing consigned ; the writing by which any a policeman.n. con'stableataip. [Fr. connetable ;
thing is consigned. I :. connestabile ; L. comes stabuli, count of the
stabulum, stable.]
Consist, kon-sist\ V.i. lit. to stand together; to constabulary,
continue fixed ; to be contained ; to be composed ; constables orkon-stab'fl-lar-i, adj., pertaining to
peace-officers.n. the body of con
to co-exist, i.e., toagree :Pr.p. consisting ; /a./, stables.
consisted. [L. consistocon, sig. completeness,
and sistosto, to stand, Gr. histlmi, to cause Constant, kon'stant, adf., standing firm; fixed ;
to stand, Sans, stha, to stand.] unchangeable ; continual ; faithful.n. that
consistent, kon-sisr/ent, adj. fixed ; not fluid : agree which remains unchanged. [L. constans, from
ing together ; uniform.adv. consistently. consto, to stand firmcon, inten., sto, to stand.]
consistence, kon-sist'ens, consistency, kon-sist'en-si, constancy, kon'stan-si, state ofbeing constant ;
n., state of being consistent, fixed, or firm : a fixedness ; unchangeablcness.
degree of density ; substance: agreement. constantly, kon'stant-li, adv., with constancy;
consistory, kon-sist or-i, n. lit. a standing or waiting firmly ; fixedly : perseveringly : continually.
place ; an assembly or council ; a spiritual or Constellation, kon-stel-la'shun, n.,a cluster0/stars;
ecclesiastical court.adj. consisto'rial.
Consociation, kon-sO-shi-.Vshun, n., companionship an assemblage ofbeauties or excellences. [L. con-
stelLitiocor.y sig- connection, stella, a star.]
withI association; alliance. [L. consociatio- Consternation, kon-ster-na'shun, n. ,a throwingdown
con, with, socius, a companion.] or into confusion ; terror which throws into con
Console, kon-sOl', v.t. to give solace or comfort; fusion ; astonishment ; horror. [L. constematio
to cheer in distress :Pr.p. consoling ; Pa.p. consterno, constematus, from con, sig. com
consoled*. [L. con, intensive, and solor, to com pleteness, and stemo, to strew, to throw down.]
fort. Sec Solace.]. consol'er.
consolabie, kon-sfll'a-bl, adj., that may be consoled. Constipate, kon'sti-pat, v.t, topressclosely together;
to stop up ; to make costive :pr.p. con'stipSting ;
consolation, kon-sfl-15'shun, act of consoling; pa.p. con'stipatcd. [L. con, together, and stipo,
solace; comfort ; alleviation of misery. stipatus, to press, Gr. steibd, to stamp tight.]
consolatory, kon-sol'a-tor-i, adj., tending to consols. constipation, kon-su-pu'shun, n., act of constipat
Consolidate, kon-soll-dat, v.t., to make solid or ing; costiveness.
firm ; to form into a compact mass ; to unite into Constitute, kon'sti-tflt, v.t.,- to make to stand or
one.v.i. to grow solid or firm ; to unite :Pr.p. place together ; to set up ; to establish ; to cause
consolidating ; pa.p. consolidated. [L. consolido, to be; to form or compose ; to appoint '.pr.p-
cotisolidatuscon, intensive, and solidus, solid.] con'stitflting ; pa.p. constituted. [L. constituo,
consolidation, kon-sol-i-da'shun, act of consoli constitutes, from con, together, and staluo, to
dating; state of being consolidated. make to stand, to placesto, to stand. ]
consols, kon'solz, n.pl. that part of the British constituent,
national debt which consists of the 3 per cent, forming; essential;u-ent,
kon-stit adj., constituting or
elemental.n. he or that
annuities consolidated into one fund. which constitutes or composes ; an essential or
Consonant, kon'son-ant, adj. lit. sounding with elemental part : he who appoints or elects ; a
something else ; agreeabfe ; consistent ; suitable. delegate or representative.
n. an articulation which can be sounded only constituency, kon-stit^Q-en-si, n. the whole body of
with a vowel ; a letter representing such a sound. constituents.
adv. consonantly. [L. consonans, pr.p. of constitution, kon-sti-tQ'shun, n., act ofconstituting;
consonocon, with, and sono, to sound.] the thing constituted ; the natural condition of
consonance, kon'son-ans, n. a state of agreement ; body or mind ; a system of laws and customs ;
agreement or unison of sounds ; concord. the established form of government ; a particular
law or usage.
Consort, kon'sort, n. one that shares the same lot constitutional,
with another; a partner ; a companion ; a wife the constitution kon-sti-tQ'shun-al, adj. inherent in
or husband ; an accompanying ship : union ; con agreeable to the constitution or natural frame ; natural :
currence. [L. censors, from con, with, and son, ment ; legaladv. constitutionally. or frame of govern
sortis, a lot] constitutionalist, kon-sti-tu'shun-al-ist, constltutlon*-
consort, kon-sort', v.i. to associate; to marry. irt, kon-sti-tu'shun-ist, n. one who favours a con
v.t. to join ; to marry:pr.p. consorting; Pa.p. stitutionalgovernment. I
consort'ed.
Conspicuous, kon-spik'u-us, adj.,^ clearly seen ; constitutive, kon'sti-tflt-iv, adj., that constitutes or
visible to the eye or mind ; prominent ; eminent ; establishes ; essential ; having power to enact, &c.
celebrated. adv. conspicuously.n. conspic'uous- Constrain, kon-strfln', v.t., to strain or press to
nets. [L. conspicvusconspiciocon, intensive, gether; to bind ; to urge with irresistible power ;
and specie, to look.] to force '.pr.p. constrain'ing ; pa.p. constrained'.
Conspire, kon-spTr*, v.i. lit, to breathe together; am, [Fr. tonstraindreL. constringo, constrictus
to agree ; to concur to one end; to unite for bad stranggd, together, and stringo, to bind, press, Gr.
ends; to plot :Pr.p. conspiring; Pa.p. con constrainabla, akin to Strong. See Strain.]
spired'. [L. conspirvcon, together, and spiro, strained. kon-stran'a-bl, adj., that may be con
to breathe.]
conspiracy, kon-spir'a-si, n. a banding together for constrainedly, kon-strSn'ed-li, adv., with constraint,
constraint, kon-strant', n.t that which constrains;
an evil purpose ; a plot ; concurrence.
conspirator, kon-spira-tor, n., one who conspires; a constrict, kon-strikt>,; compulsion
irresistible force ; confinement,
v.t., to bind orpress together;
plotter. to contract ; to cramp '.pr.p. constricting ; pa.p.
Constable, kun'sta-bl, n. lit count cf the stalle ; constricr/ed.
master 0/ the horse; thence applied to other constriction, kon-striVshun, act ofconstricting;
officers generally ofbigh rank; a peace-officer; contraction; compression.
fate, far ; ma, her ; mine ; mOte ; mute ; moon ; then.
0
 constrictor contemptuous
constrictor, kon-strikt'or, ., that which constricts nuuujfu.w.^ kon-sum'tiv-nes, ft., stale of being
or draws together ; a serpent which crushes its consumptive; a tendency to consumption.
prey in itskon-strinj',t'.*.,
folds. Consummate, kon-sum'U, or kon'-, v.t. to raise to the
constringe, topressordraw together; summit or highestpoint; to perfect or finish :
to contract :-pr.p. constringlng ; Pa.p. con- Pr.p. consumm'Sting ; Pa.p. consumm'ated. [L.
stringed'. kon-stririj'ent, adj. having the quality consummo,
constringent,
to perfect-con, with, and sumthus,
highest.] kon-sum'at, adj. , in thehighestdegree ;
of constringing or contracting. consummate,
perfect.adv.kon-sum-5'shun,
Construe, kon'strfSO, v.t. lit. to heap orpile together; consummation, oonsunm'ately. n., act of consum
to set in order; to exhibit the order or arrange mating; completion ; perfection ; close.
ment in another language ; to translate ; to ex Consumption,
plain :Pr.p. corf*struing ; pa.p. con'strued. [L. &c. See under Consumo.
construe, constructus, to pile together.] Contact, kon'takt, a close touching; close union ;
construct, kon-strukr/. v.t., to build up; to com meeting. [L. contingo, contactum, to touchcon,
pile ; to put together the parts of a thing ; to sig. completeness, and tango, to touch.]
make : to compose :pr.p. constructing ; pa.p. contagion, kon-talun, n. transmission of a disease
constructed.kon-struk'shun, n., act of construct by contact ; the disease transmitted; that by
construction, which the disease is communicated ; that which
ing; the thing constructed; building; manner communicates evil from one to another,
of forming ; in gram., the arrangement of words contagious, kon-tS'jus, adj.,fullofcontagion ; that
in a sentence ; interpretation ; meaning, may be communicated by contact ; infectious.
constructive, kon-struktlv, adj. formed by construc adv. conte/glously.n. conte/gtousness.
tion ; not direct or expressed, but inferred.adv. Contain, kon-tan', v.t., to hold together; to com
construct'lvcly. prise, to include ; to restrain: in B., v.i. to be
Constnprate, kon'stu-prSt, v.t., to ravish ; to violate : continent :pr.p. containing ; pa.p. contained'.
Pr.p. con'stQprating ; pa.p. con'stupnitcd.n. [Fr. together,
contenirL. contineo, contentuscon,
and teneo, to hold.]adj. contain
const upra'tion. [L. con, intensive, and stupro,
stupratus, to ravishstuprum, defilement.] able, thai may be contained.
ConsnbstantlaJ, kon-sub-stan'shal, adj., of the same content, kon'tent, or kon-tent', . that which is
substance, nature, or essence.n. consubstanti- contained; the capacity, measurement, or extent
of anything. the things contained; the list
sj'ity. [L. con, with, and substantial.]
consubstantltllst, kon-sub-stan'shal-ist, n. one who content, kon-tent', adj.oflit.in acontained
of subjects treated book,
within limits ;
believes in consubstantiation. having the desires limited by present enjoyment ;
consubstantlate, kon-sub-stan'shi-5t, v.t. to unite satisfied.v.t., to make content; to satisfy the
in one common substance or nature.
consnbEtannation, kon-sub-stan-shi-S'shun, n. state mind ; to make quiet ; to please '.pr.p. content
of being of the same substance; in theol., the contented, ing ; pa.p.kon-tent'ed,
content'ed. adj., content.adv. con
Lutheran doctrine of the actual, substantial tent'dly.ns. content'edness, content ment.
presence of the body and blood of Christ with continent, kon'ti-nent, n. , thatwhichcontains many
the bread and wine used at the Lord's Supper, countries ; a large extent of land not broken up
consul, kon'sul, n. among the Romans, one of the by seas ; the mainland of Europe.adj.^ con
two chief-magistrates of the state ; one commis tinent's!kon'ti-nent, adj., holding in or restrain
sioned to reside in a foreign country as an agent continent,
for, or representative of, a government. [L.] ing the indulgence of pleasure, # especially of
consular, kon'sQl-ar, adj., pertaining to a consul. sexual enjoyment ; temperate ; virtuous.adv.
consulate, kon'sQl-at, n., the office, Mmw. con'tlnently. [L, conttnens, moderate contineo.]
jurisdiction ofa consul.
consulship, kon'sul-ship, ML,, tlie office, or term of continence,
the
kon'ti-nens, contlnency, kon'ti-nen-si, .
restraint imposed by a person upon his
office, of a consul. desires and passions ; chastity.
Consult, kon-sulr*, v.t. to ask counsel or advice of; Contaminate, kon-tam'i-n3t, v.t. to defile by touch
to apply to for instruction ; to decide or act in ing or mixing with ; to pollute ; to corrupt ; to
favour of.v.i. to consider in company ; to take infect :Pr.p. contam'inating ; Pa.p. contamin
counsel:Pr.j}. consulting; Pa.p. consulted. ated. [L. contaminocon, with, and tago,
[L. consulto, intensive of consulo, to consult.] tango, to touch.] [laminating; pollution,
consultation, kon-sul-t&'shun, n., the act ofconsult contamination, kon-tam-i-na'shun, act of con-
ing; a meeting for the purpose of consulting.
Consume, kon-sum', v. t. , to take completely away ; Contemn, kon-tem', v.t., to treat as worthless and
to destroy by wasting, fire, &c. ; to devour; to despicable ; to despise ; to neglect '.pr.p. con-
temn'ing ; Pa.p. contemned'.n. contem'ner. [L.
waste or spend ; to exhaust.v.i. to waste away ; contemno, contemptus, to value littlecon, in
to be exhausted, worn out, spent :pr.p. con tensive, and temno, to slight, prob. akin to Gr.
suming ; pa.p. consumed'.n. consumer. [L. temnd, tokon-tempt',
cut off.]
consumo, to destroycon, sig. completeness, and contempt, the act of contemning ;
sumo, sumPtus,
consumable, to take.] . ., able to be con
kon-sum'a-bl, the state of being contemned ; scorn ; disgrace ;
in law, disobedience of the rules of a court,
sumed. kon-sum'shun, n., the act of consum contemptible, kon-tcmprl-bl, adj., deserving ofcon
consumption,
ing; a disease seated in the lungs, which gradu tempt; despicable.adv. contemnt'ibly.. con-
ally wastes away the frame. tempt'ibleness.kon-tempt'u-us. adj., full of con
contemptuous,
consumptive, kon-sum'tiv, adj. having the quality of tempt; given to contemning ; haughty ; scornful.
consuming; inclined to the disease consumption. adv. contemptuously.. r-f
adv. consump'tlvely.
fate, far ; mS, her ; mine ; m6te ; mute ; mSOn ; Men.
 Contemplate
Contemplate, kon-tem'plat, v.t. to consider or look
at attentively (like the ancient augurs) ; to medi
tate on or study; to intend.v.i. to think
seriously ; to meditate '.Pr.p. contem'plating ;
pa.p. contem'plSted. [L. contemplor, contem-
Platus, to mark out a temphtm or place for ob
servationcon, sig. completeness, and templum.]
See Consider, and Temple.
contemplation, kon-tcm-pla'shun, ., act ofcontem
plating; continued study of a particular subject.
contemplative, kon-tem'pla-tiv, adj., given to con
templation; ofstudious habits.adv. contempla
tively.
Contemporaneous, kon-tem-pO-ranc'-us, adj. living,
happening, or being at the same time.adv.
contemporaneously.n. contemporaneousness. [L.
con, together, and temporaneustempus, time.]
contemporary, kon-tem'pO-rar-i, adj. contempo
raneous.. one who lives at the same time.
Contempt, &c. Sec under Contemn.
Contend, kon-tend', v.i. lit. to stretch out with all
one's might ; to strive ; to struggle in emulation
or in opposition ; to dispute or debate ; to quarrel :
Pr.p. contend'ing ; pa.p. contended. [L. con-
tctuio, contentumcon, and tendo, to stretch.]
contention, kon-tcn'shun, ., act of contending; a
violent straining after any object ; strife ; debate.
contentious, kon-ten'shus, adj.,given to contention ;
quarrelsome.adv. conten'tlously.. conten'tl-
ousness.
Content, &c. See under Contain.
Conterminal, kon-teVmin-al, Contermlnoui, kon-ter-
min-us, adj. having a common terminus or
boundary. [L. conterminus, neighbouringcon,
together, and terminus, a boundary.]
Contest, kon-test*, v.t. lit. to call to witness against;
to call in question ; to dispute, resist, defend.
v.i. to engage in strife, dispute, &c. :/r./. con
testing ; Pa.p. contested.a*//, contest able. [L.
contcstor, to call to witnesscon, intensive, and
testor, to be a witnesstestis, a witness.]
contest, kon'test, n. a struggle for superiority ;
strife ; debate.
Context, kon'tekst, n. something woven together or
connected ; the parts of a discourse or treatise
which precede and follow a special passage. [L.
contexocon, together, texo, texius, to weave.]
contexture, kon-textGr, n. , the interweavingofparts
into a whole ; composition of parts ; system.
Contiguous, kon-rig'Q-us,<K^'., to?tching; adjoining;
near.adv. contig uously.n. contig'uousneea, [L.
contiguus, from contingo, contigi, to touch on
all sidescon, sig. completeness, tango, to touch.]
contiguity, kon-tig-u'i-ti, n., the state of being con
tiguous, or in close contact.
contingent, kon-u'n'jent, adj. lit. touching; depend
ent on something else ; liable but not certain
to happen ; accidental.. an event which is
liable but not certain to occur ; a share or propor
tion/ especially of soldiers.adv. contingently.
[L. contingo, to touch, to happen.]
contlngence, kon-tin'jens, contingency, kon-tin'jen-si,
., the qualityofbeingcontingent ; what happens
by chance ; an accident*
Continence, Continent, &c. See under Contain.
Continue, kon-tin'Q, v.t. lit. and orig. to hold in a
given place or position ; to do one thing after
another ; to persist in ; to unite without break ;
to draw out ; to prolong ; to extend or increase
in any way.v.t. to remain in the same place
or state ; to last or endure ; to persevere '.pr.p.
fate, far ; me, her ; mine ;
92
contradictive
' continuing ; ga.p. contin'fled. [Fr. continue**I*.
continuus, joined, connected, from coritineocon,
together, and teneo, to hold.]
continued, kon-tin'Od, adj. uninterrupted ; un
ceasing ; extended.adv. contln'uedly.
continual, kon-tin'Q-al, adj., continuing; without
interruption ; unceasing.adv. continually.
continuance, kon-tin'Q-ans, the continuing in a
particular state ; duration ; uninterrupted succes
sion ; stay ; extension ; perseverance.
continuation, kon-tin-Q-a'shun, n., act of continu
ing ; constant succession ; extension.
continuative, kon-tin'fl-a-tiv, adj., continuing.
contlnuator, kon-tin'fl-5-tor, one who continues
or keeps up a series or succession.
continuous, kon-tin'il-us, adj., continuing; joined to
gether ; without interruption.adv. contin uously.
continuity, kon-tin-Q'i-ti, state ofbeing continu-
ous; uninterrupted connection.
Contort, kon-torr/, v.t, to twist or turn violently ;
to writhe :Pr.p. contorting ; pa.p. contort/ed.
[L. con, intensive, and torqueo, tortus, to twist.]
contortion, kon-tor'shun, act of contorting; a
twisting of anything out of its natural position.
Contour, kon-t5oV, n. lit. that which is turned; the
outline. [Fr. contour, from con, and tour, n
turningL. tomtit, Gr. tornos, a turning-lathe.]
Contraband, kon'tra-band, adj., against or contrary
to ban or law ; prohibited.n. illegal traffic ;
prohibition ; prohibited goods.n. con trabandist,
a smuggler. [Fr. contrebande ; It. contrabbando ;
low L. contrabannumL. contra, against, and
low L. bannum, a proclamation.] See Ban.
Contract, kon-trakt', v.t., to draw together; to
lessen ; to shorten ; to acquire ; to incur ; to bar
gain for; to betroth.v.i. to shrink; to become
less ; to bargain '.Pr.p. contracting ; Pa.p. con
tracted. [L. contrano, contractus, from con,
together, and traho, to draw.]
contract, kon'trakt, n. lit. a drawing together to
make an agreement ; an agreement ; a bond ; a
bctrothment ; the writing containing an agree
ment.
contracted, kon-trakt'ed, adj., drawn together;
narrow ; mean.adv. contract'edly.n. con-
traet'ednesa,
contractible, kon-traktl-bl, adj., capable of being
contracted.ns. contractlbil'ity, contract'lbleness.
contractile, kon-trakt'il, adj., tending or having
power to contract.n. contractility.
contraction, kon-trak'shun, ., act of contracting;
state of being contracted ; the thing contracted ;
a word shortened by rejecting a part of it.
contractor, kon-trakr'or, one who contracts;
one of the parties to a bargain or agreement.
Contra-dance, kon'tra-dans (corruptlycountry-dance),
., a dar.ee in which the partners are arranged in
opposite lines. [Fr. contre danse; h. contra,
against, opposite, and Dance.]
Contradict, kon-tra-dikt*, v.t., to speak in opposition
to; to oppose by words ; to assert the contrary;
to deny :Pr.p. contradicting ; pa.p. contra
dicted. [L. contradico, contradiciuscontra^
against, and dico, to speak.]
contradiction, kon-tra-dik'shun, act of contra
dicting; a speaking against ; denial ; incon
sistency.
contradictive, kon-tra-diktlv, contradictory, kon-tra-
dikr*or-i, adj., implying contradiction; affirming
the contrary; opposite; inconsistent.adv. con-
tradlct'orily.
mGte ; mute ; moDn ; Men,
 Contradistinguish conventicle
Contr-idistingiiiBh. kon-tra-dis-ting'gwish, v.t.t to controller, comptroller, kon-trOi'er, . one wlio
controls or checks the accounts ofothers by keep
disiinptish by opposite qualities :pr-P- contra ing a counter-roll or register.n. control*'crxhip.
distinguishing; Pa.p. coatradistin'guished. [L. controlment, kon-troTment, n., act or power ofcon
contra, against, opposite, and Distinguish. ] trolling; state of being controlled ; control.
contradistinction, kon-tm-dis-tink'shun, distinc
tion by opposite qualities. Controvert, kon'trO-vert, v.t. lit. to turn against;
contradistinctive, kon-tra-dis-tinktiv, adj., distin to oppose ; to argue against ; to refute :pr.p.
guishing by opposite qualities. con'trOverting ; pa.p. con'trOvertcd. [L. contra,
against, andkon-tra-veVshun,
Contralto, kon-tral'tO, n. in music, counter-alto ; contraversion, verto, to turn.] ., a turning to the
same as alto or counter-tenor. [Sec Alto and
Counter.] opposite side.
Contrary, kon'tra-ri, adj., opposite; inconsistent; controversy. kon'tr3-v6r-si, n. lit. a turningagainst',
contradictory.n. a thing that is contrary or of a disputation,kon-tr&-ver'shaI, discussion, or debate ; contest.
opposite qualities.n. contrariness.adv. con'- controversial,
controversy.adv.
adj., relating to
controversially.
trarily. [L. contrariuscontra, against.]
contrariety, kon-tra-ri'c-ti, ., state of being con controversialist,
controversy.
kon-trO-ver'shal-ist, ft,, one given tj
trary; opposition; inconsistency.
contrariwise, kon'tra-ri-wlz, adv., oh the contrary controvertible, kon-troWerti-bl, adj., that may be
controverted.adv. controvert ibly.
way or side ; on the other hand, [contrary, and Contumacy, kon'tO-ma-si, n. , a swellingor proud and
ways.]
Contrast, kon-trast', v.i., to stand against or in obstinate disobedience or resistance ; stubborn
opposition to. v.t. to make to statut against or insolentcon, intensive, and tumeo, contumacis,
ness. 1 1 - contumaciacontumax,
to swell.]
opposed to; to set in opposition, in order to shew contumacious, kon-tfl-ma'shus, adj., shewing con
superiority or give effect :Pr.p. contrasting ; tumacy ; opposing lawful authority with con
Pa.p. contrast'ed. [Fr. contrasterL. contra, tempt and stubbornness ; obstinate ; stubborn.
opposite to, and stare, to stand.] aiiz>. contumaciously,n. contuma'clousness.
contrast, kon'trast, n. opposition or unlikcness in contumely, kon'tfl-mfi-li, n., a swelling ox haughty
things compared ; exhibition of differences. rudeness; insolence; reproach. [L. contumttia ,
Contravallatlon, kon-tra-val-la'shun, ., afortifica
tion built by besiegers, which is thus opposed to contumelious,andkon-tQ-mCii-us,
from con, tumeo, to swell.]
adj., skewing con
that of the besieged. [L. contra, opposite to, tumely ; haughtily reproachful ; insolent.adv.
and vallo, vallatus, to fortifyvallum, a wall.] contumellously.n. contume'liousness.
Contravene, kon-tra-ven', v.t., to come against ; to Contuse, kon-tflV, vJ., to beat exceedingly or bruise
oppose; to hinder:pr.p. contravening; pa.p.
contravened', [h. contra, against, venio, tocomc.] to pieces ; [L. to crush :pr.p. contusing ; fa.p.
contravention, kon-tra-ven'shun, n., act of contra contused'. tensity, and
contundo, contususcon, sig. in
tundo, to beat, to bruise.]
vening; opposition ; obstruction. contusion, kon-tu'zhun, act ofbruising; state of
Contraversion. See under Controvert. being bruised ; a bruise.
Contribute, kon-trit/iit, v.i., to give along with Conundrum, ko-nun'drum, n. a sort of riddle con
others ; to give for a common purpose ; to pay a taining some odd or fanciful resemblance between
share.v.i. to give or bear a part:pr.p. con- things quite unlike. [ ? ]
trib'uting ; pa.p. contributed. [L. con, along
with, tnbuo, tributus, to give.] contrib/ntor. Convalesce, kon-va-Ies', v.i., to grow thoroughly
strong or well; to regain health ;Pr.p. con
contributary, kon-trib'u-tar-i, adj. paying tribute valescing ; pa.p. convalesced'. [L. con, sig.
to the same chief.
eontribntlon,kon-trib-G'shun,.,r/^(7w/n^/fif," completeness, and valesco, to grow strong
valeo, to be kon-va-les'cns,
strong.]
that which is contributed ; a collection ; a levy, convalescence, n., state ofconvalesc
contributlve, kon-tribu-tiv, contributory, kon-trib'u- ing; gradual recovery of health and strength,
tor-i, adj., contributing ; tending to contribute convalescent, kon-va-les'ent, adj. gradually recover
to or promote. ing health.n. one recovering ncalth.
Contrite, kon'trlt, or kon-trlt', adj. lit. completely Convene, kon-ven', v.i., to come together; to as
bruised or broken ; broken-hearted for sin ; peni semble.v.t. to cause to come, or call together :
tentadv. contritely. [L. contrituscontero Pr.p. convening : pa.p. convened'. [L. con-
con, sig. completeness, and tero, to bruise.]
contrition, kon-trish'un, state of'being contrite ; convener, from
venio, con, together, and venio, to come.]
kon-ven'er, one who convenes a meet
deep sorrow for sin ; remorse. ing ; the chairman of a committee,
Contrive, kon-trW, v.t. , to hit upon ; to find out ; to convenient, kon-vfin'yent, adj. lit. coming or hap
plan out ; to invent :pr.p. contriving ; pa.p. pening together; suitable ; handy ; commodious.
contrived'.n. contriver. [Fr. controuvercon, adv. conven iently,
and trouver, to find. See Trover. ] convenience, kon-vCn'yens, conveniency, kon-ven'-
contrivance, kon-trlv'ans, ., act ofcontriving; the yen-si, n.,stateofbeingconvenient; suitableness :
thing contrived ; invention ; plan ; artifice. accommodation.
Control, kon-trOf, n. (formerly comptroll, countrol\ convent, kon'vent, n. , an association of persons
lit. a counter-roll or check-book ; restraint ; secluded from the world and devoted to a religious
authority ; command.v.t. to check ; to restrain ; life ; the house in which they live, a monastery
to govern :Pr.p. controlling ; Pa.p. controlled'. or nunnery.kon-vent'u-al, [L. conventus.]
[Fr. contrite, from contre-rSlecontre, against, conventual, adj., belonging to a
convent.. a monk or nun. [L. conventuatU.\
rdle, a roll] See Roll.
controUa.bls, kon-trOl'a-bl, adj., capable of, or sub conventicle, kon-vent'i-kl, n. lit. a small assembly ;
applied in contempt to a meeting for worship
ject to control.
fate, fir ; me", her ; mine ; mOte ; mute ; mOOn ; Men.
91
 convention Convulso
of dissenters from the Established Church. [L. on-vekst', ctdj., i
conventiculum, dim. of conventus.] r, kon-vcks'ed-li, adv., in a convexform.
convention, kon-ven'shun, ., act ofconvening; an w, kon-veksi-ti, ., state of being convex ;
assembly, esp, of representatives for some special roundness of form on the outside.
object; temporary treaty ; an agreement. Convey, kon-va', v~t. lit. to bring or send on the
conventional, kon-ven'shun-al, adj fortned by con ivay ; to carry; to transmit; to impart:pr.p.
vention or agreement ; stipulated ; growing out
of tacit agreement or custom ; customary.-adv. conveying;Fr. conveier;
pa.p. conveyed'.n. conveyer, fold
It. and low L. conviare, to conduct
conven'tionally.
conventionalism, kon-Yen'shun-al-ism, n., that which L. with
con, along with, and via, a way : connected
veho, to carry. ]
is conventional or established by tacit agree conveyablo, kon-vS'a-bl, adj., that may be con
ment, as a mode of speech, &c. veyed.
conventionality, kon-ven-shun-all-ti, n.f state of conveyance,
being conventional; that which is established instrumentkon-vS'ans, ft., act of conveying; the
or means of conveying; in law, the
by conventional use or custom. act of transferring property ; the writing which
Converge, kon-verj', v.t., to bend or incline together; transfers it.
to tend to one point :pr.p. converging ; Pa.p. conveyancer, kon-va'ans-er, n. one whose business is
converged'. [Fr. converger,^ from L. con, together, the transference of property,
and vergo, to bend, to incline.]
convergent, kon-verj'ent, adj., converging; tend conveyancing,conveyancer.
kon-va'ans-ing, n, the business of a
ing to one point. convoy, kon-voy', v.t. to accompany on the way for
convergence, kon-verj'ens, convergsacy, kon-verj'- protection :pr.p.
ens-i, n., act or quality ofconverging or tending [Fr. convoyer, fromconvoying ; pa.p. convoyed'.
root of Convey.]
to one point. convoy, Vonfvay, m., the act of convoying; pro
Convene, kon-vers', v.i. lit to turn round much or tection ; that which convoys or is convoyed.
frequentlythen, to abide; to have intercourse ; Convince, kon-vins', v.t. lit. to conquer thoroughly
to talk familiarly '.pr.p. conversing ; pa.p. or overcome; to subdue the mind by evidence ; to
conversed'. [L. convenorcon, intensive, and satisfy as to truth or error : in ., to convict ; to
verso, to turn muchverto, to turn.]
convene, kon'vers, ru familiar intercourse ; conver refute :pr.p. convincing ; Pa.p convinced'.
adv. convincingly. [L. con, sig. completeness,
sation. and vinco, victum, to conquer.]
convene, converted. See under Convert,
conversable, kon-vers'a-bl, adj. disposed to converse; convict, kon-vikr*, v.t., to convince; to shew by
proof or evidence ; to prove guilty :/r./. con
sociable.adv. convcra'ably. victing; Pa.p. convicted,
conversant, kon'vere-ant, adj., having convict, kon'vikt, ., one convicted or found guilty
intercourse; acquainted by study; of crime, a felon,
B., walking or associating with,
conversation,, kon-ver-si'shun, n. intercourse ; talk ; conviction,
convicting;
kon-vik'shun, ., act ofconvincing or oj
state of being convinced or of being
familiar discourse : in B., path
. . ***citizenship.adj.|Mui or conduct;
ur cuiiuuci dis- convicted; strong belief ; a proving guilty,
position; conversational. convictive,
onvenatlonaJlrt, kon-ver-sa^hun-al-ist, n. one who convict. kon-viktiv, adj., able to convince or to
excels in conversation. convlncible, kon-vins'i-bl, adj., that may be con-
conversazione, kon-ver-sat-se-O'na, n. a meeting for vinced.
conversation, particularly on literary subjects. Convivial, kon-vivi-al, adj. lit. living and eating
//. conversazioni ('ne). [It.] together; feasting in company; relating to a
Conversion. See under Convert. feast ; social ; jovial.adv. eonviv*laUy.n. con
Convert, kon-vert', v.t., to turn round; to change viviality. [L. convivium, a living together, a
or turn from one thing, condition, or religion feastcon, together, and vivo, to live.]
to another ; to change from a bad to a good life ; Convocation. See under Convoke.
to apply to a particular purpose.-v.i, to undergo Convoke, kon-vOk*, v.t., to call together: to as
a change :Pr.p. converting ; pa.p. convert'ed. semble :Pr.p. convoking ; pa.p. convoked'. [L,
fL. converto, conversuscon, and verto, to turn.J con, together, and voco, vocatus, to call.]
convert, kon'vert, n., one converted; one who has convocation, kon-v0-k5'shun, n. , act of convoking;
become religious, or who has changed his religion. an assembly, particularly of the clergy of the
convertible, kon-vcrti-bl, adj., that may be con English Church, or of the heads of a univer
verted; that may be changed one for the other. sity ; a meeting ; a synod.
adv. convert'lbir,n. convertibility. Convolve, kon-volv', v.t, to rolltogether, or one part
convene, kon'vers, . a proposition converted or on another :Pr.p. convolving ;pa.p. convolved'.
turned abouti. e.f one in which the subject and [L. con, together,
predicate have changed places.adj. reversed in convolute, kon'vO-lut, and volvo, volutus, to roll.]
convoluted, kon'vO-mt-ed, adj.,
order or relation ; reciprocal.adv. coa'venely,
conversion, kon-ver'shun, . change from one thing, convolution, knn-vO-lfl'shun,part
rolled together, or one on another ; twisted.
state, or religion, to another ; change from a of being rolled together; .,a twisting actofrolling or state
wicked to a holy life ; appropriation to a special convolvulus, kon-vol vu-Ius, n. a genus ; ofa fold.
purpose ; act of interchanging the terms of a or twining plants, called also bindweed.twisting
proposition. Convoy. See under Convey.
Convex, kon'veks, adj. lit. carried together, brought Convulse,
round; rising into a round form on the outside, lently ; kon-vuls', v.t. lit. to pluck or pull vio
the reverse of concave. n. a convex body. affect bytospasms agitate or affect by violent action; to
:pr.p. convuls'ing ; pa.p. con-
adv. con'vexly. [L. convexusconvehocon, vulsed'. [L. con, intensive, and veilo, vulsus, to
together, and veho, to carry.] pluck, to pull.]
IStc, far; mc, her; mine; mOte ; mate; mCCn ; Men.
94
 convulsion coquettish
. eoBTnlslon, kon-vul'shun, a violent and involun Cope, kflp, v.i., to barter or exchange ; to vie with,
tary contraction of the muscles ; commotion. especially on equal terms or successfully ; to
convulsive, kon-vuls'iv, adj. producing or attended match '.Pr.p. cOp'ing ; Pa.p. cflped'. [A.S. ceap,
with convulsions; spasmodic-adv. coavul*'- Dutch, hoop. Sec Cheap.]
lvely.. convula'iveness. Copious, kO'pi-us, adj., plentiful; overflowing ; not
Cony, Coney, kO'ni, n. a rabbit. [Ger. kanin, Sp. concise.adv. copiously.n. co'pioucness. [Fr.
conejo, L. cuniculus.] copieuxL. copiosuscopia, plentyco, inten
Coo, kOO, v.i. to make a noise as a dove ; to caress sive, and ops, opis, power, property, wealth.]
fondly \$r.p, tOo'ing; pa.p. cODcd'. [from the Copper, kop'er, . a metal of a reddish colour,
sound.] named from the island of Cyprus; a vessel
Cook, kook, v.t. lit to boil; to preparers food for made of copper.v.t. to cover with copper:
eating :~pr.p. cooking ; pa.p. cooked'.. one Prp. copp'cring ; Pa.p. copp'ered. [Ger. kupfer,
whose business is to cook. [A. S. gecocnian, from low L. cuprumCyprus, Gr. Kupros, Cyprus,
coc, a cook ; Ger. kochen, L. coquo, to boil.] once celebrated for its rich copper-mines.]
cookery, kook'er-i, n., the art or practice ofcooking. copperaz, kop'er-as, n. lit. copper-rose or flower;
Cool, kJOl, adj. slightly cold; free from excite sulphate of iron or green vitriol, used in dyeing
black, making ink, &c. [Fr. coupervselow L.
ment ; calm ; not zealous or ardent ; indifferent ; cuperosaL.
impudent.v.t. to make cool ; to allay or mod copperiah, cupri rosa, rose of copper.]
erate, as heat, excitement, passion, &c.v.i. to kO'pre-us,kop'er-ish, coppery, kop'er-i, cupreous,
adj. containing or tike copper.
grow cool ; to become less excited, zealous, &c. : copperplate, kop'er-plat, ., a plate of polished
pr.p. cOOl'ing ;P*.p. cCCled'.adv. cool'ly. [A.S. copper on which something has been engraved ;
col; Ger. kahl; see Cold and Chill.] an impression taken from the plate.
cooler, kOoTer, n. anything that cools.
coolneu, kGoTnes, n., state ofbeing; cool; moderate Coppice, kop"is, Copae, kops, n. a wood of small
cold ; indifference ; want ofzeal growth for cutting, [old Fr. copeiz, wood newly
Coolie, koOl'i, n., a labourer; in Hindustan, a porter cutcouper, Gr. koptS, to cut.]
in general ; an Indian or Chinese labourer in Coptic, kop'tik, adj. , pertaining to the Copts, the
other countries. [Hind. kali, a labourer.] descendants of the ancient Egyptians.
Coom, kBOm, n. matter that gathers at the naves Copula, kop'u-la, ., that which couples or joins
of wheels ; soot that gathers at the mouth of together; a bond or tie ; in logic, the word joining
an oven, [connected with Ger. kahm, mould the subject and predicate. [L.co, together, and
gathered on liquids.] root ap, connected with L. aptus, fastened, and
Coop, kJTOp, n. lit. anything hollow, as a cupa copulate, Gr. haptd, to join.]
cask or oarrel; a box or cage for fowls or small together; kop'Q-fat, v.t. and v.i., to couple orjoin
animals.v.t. to confine in a coop ; to shut up or cop ulating to; pa.p. come together sexually '.pr.p.
confine:pT'P. cOOp'ing; pa.p. cOoped'. [from latus, from copula.}cop'uTated. [L. copulo, ccpu-
the root of Cup.]
eooper, koUp'er, . one who makes coops, tubs, copulation, kop-Q-la'shun, ., act ofcopulating.
casks, &c. copulative, kop'fl-lat-iv, adj., uniting.n. ingram.,
eooperage, kOUr/cr-aj, the work, or workshop of a conjunction that unites ideas as well as words.
a cooper; the sum paid for a cooper's work. Copy, kop'i, n. lit. copiousness or plenty; one of a
Co-operate, ko-op'er-ilt, v.i., to operate, work, or act number, esp. of Dooks ; an imitation from an
together:pr.p. cO-op'eruting ;/./. co-op'eritcd. original work pattern ; that which is imitated ; an
n. co op erator. [L. co, together, and operate.] original ; manuscript for printing.v.t. to
oo-operant, ko-op'er-ant, adj., co-operating or work write, paint, &c according to an original ; to
ing together. imitate ; to transcribe 'Pr.p. cop'ying ; Pa.p.
co-operation, kO-op-cr-.1'shun, ., act of cooperat copied. [Fr. cepie, from L. copia, plenty, means
ing; joint operation. of doing a thing, as of writing out a document.]
co-operative, kO-op'er-a-tiv, adj., working togetlter copies;kop'i-cr,
copier, copyist, kop'i-lst, , ., one who
an imitator; a plagiarist.
for the same end.
Co-ordinate, kG-or'di-nat, adj., holding the same estate or right of n.holding
copyhold, kop'i-hold, m Eng. law, a species of
order or rank.adv. co-or'dlnately. [L. co, owner can only shew the copyland, for which the
of the rolls origin
together, equal, and ordinate.] ally made by the steward of the lord's court.
co-ordination, ko-or-di-ni'shun, ., state of being copyright, kor/i-rtt, n. the exclusive right of an
co-ordinate. author or his heirs to publish for a term of years
Coot, koTlt, n.,a short-tailed water-fowl with a bald copies
forehead and black body. [Dutch, koet ; \V. engraving,his&cwork, whether a book, painting,
of
ewtiarewt, a short tail,J
Copal, kO'pal, or -pal', ., a resinous substance, Coquet, kG-kcf", T'.'to strut like a cock; to excite
flowing from certain trees found in the . Indies, admiration
v.t. to
or love, from vanity, or to deceive.
trifle with in love ; to jilt \~Pr.p. coquett/-
S. America, &c. used in varnishes. [Sp. mE ; PaP> coquett'ed. [Fr. coquetercoquet,
Mexican, ccpalli, a general name of resins.] ong. cock-likecoq, a cock.]
Co-partner, kO-part'ner, ., a joint-partner.ns. coquetry, kiJ-kct'ri, n., act of coquetting ; attempt
copart nership, copart nery. [L. co, together, and to attract admiration, &c. in order to deceive ;
partner.] deceit in love. [Fr. coquetterie.]
Dope, kop, n. , a covering, a cap or hood : a cloak coquette, kC-ket', n.t afemale who coquets; a vain,
worn by a priest ; anything spread overhead ; a deceitful, trifling woman.
coping.v.t. to cover with a cope '-pr.p. coquettish, ko-ket ish, adj. practising coquetry;
cOp'ing ; P*.p. coped', [from root of Cap.] befitting a coquette.adv. coquett'lahly.n.
coping, kOpnng, ., the cover or upper part of a wall coquett'iahneai.
fate, far ; m, her ; mine ; mote ; mute ; mGon ; Men.
 Oor
Cor, kor, . a Heb. measure, the same as the Homer.
Coracle, kor'a-kl, . a boat used in Wales, made
of skins or oil-cloth stretched on wicker-work.
[W. cwrwglcorwg, anything round.]
Coral, kor'al, n. a hard substance of various colours,
growing on the bottom of the sea, composed of
the skeletons of zoophytes ; a child's toy made
of coral. [L. comlltum; Gr. korallion.]
corallifenra^kor-al-if'er-us, adj., bearingor contain
ing coral. [Coral, and L. Zero, to bear.]
coralline, kor'al-In, adj. of, like, or containingcoral.
n. a moss-like coral ; a coral-like substance.
Corban, kor'ban, n. lit. anything devoted to God : a
vessel to receive gifts of charity ; alms. [Heb.
korban, an offering, sacrifice.]
Corbel, kor'bel, n. in arch., an ornament orig. in the
form ofa basketany ornamented projection sup
porting a superincumbent weight. [Fr. corbezlle,
from L. corbicula, dim. olcorbis, a basket.]
Cord, kord, n. orig. a chord; a small rope or thick
kind of string.v.t. to bind with a chord:/r./.
cording ; fa.p. corded. [See Chord.]
cordage, kord'aj, n. a quantity of cords or ropes.
cordelier, kor-de-leY, n. a Franciscan friar, so
named from the knotted cord worn by him as a
girdle, [old Fr. cardelcorde, a rope.]
cordon, kordon, n., a cord or ribbon bestowed as a
badge ofhonour ; infort., a row ofjutting stones ;
a line of military posts.
corduroy, korMu-roy, . lit. the king's cord; thick
cotton stuff, corded or ribbed. [Fr. corde du roi,
cord of the king.]
Cordial, &c See under Core.
Cordovan, kor'do-van. Cordwain, kord'wan, n. goat
skin leather, originally from Cordova in Spain.
cordwainer, kord'win-er, . a worker in cordovan
or cordwain ; a shoemaker.
Cora, kOr, ., the heart; the inner part of anything,
especially of fruit [L. cor, cordis, the heart.]
cordial, kor'di-al, adj., hearty; with warmth of
heart ; sincere ; affectionate : reviving the heart
or spirits.. anything which revives or com
forts the heart ; a medicine or drink for refresh
ing the spirits.adv. cor'diaily.//. cordiality.
Corelatlvo, &c. See Correlative.
Coriaceous, kOr-i-a'shus, adj., leathery; of or like
leather. [L. corium, Gr. chorion, skin, leather.]
Coriander, kor-i-an'der, w. an annual plant, the
seeds of which when fresh have a bug-like smell,
used as a medicine, spice, &c. [L. coriandrum;
Gr. koriannon, korion, from koris, a bug.]
fjorinthian, ko-rinth'i-an,a^\
a city of Greece ; pertaining to a Greek order of
architecture, which is highly ornamental.
Cork, kork, . lit. rind or bark; the outer bark of
the cork-tree, an oak found in the south of
Europe, &c, ; a stopper made of cork.v.t. to
stop with a cork; to stop up:pr.p. cork'ing;
Pa.p. corked'. [Sp. corcho, Gcr. kork, from L.
cortex, bark, rind.]
Cormorant, kor'mo-rant, . lit. the sea-crow; a
genus of web-footed sea-birds, of great voracity ;
a glutton. [Fr. comtoran; It. corvo marino,
from L. corvus marinus, the sea-crow : \V.
morvran, from mor, sea, and bran, raven.]
Corn, korn, n., a grain or kernel; seeds that grow
in ears, as wheat, rye, &c. ; grain of all kinds.
v.t. to sprinKle with salt in grains :Pr.p. corn
ing ; pa.p. corned'. [A.S. com; Goth, kaurn;
conn, with L. granum.\ See Grain, Kernel.
fate, far ; me, her ; mine ;
corporate
corn-crake. Same as Crake.
Corn, korn, . lit. horn ; a hard, horny excrescence
on the toe or foot. [L. cornu, horn.]
cornea, kor'ne-a, . the transparent homy mem
brane which forms the front part of the eye.
cornel, kor'nel, n., the cornelian-chttry or dog-wood
tree, so named from the horny or hard nature of
its wood, [old Fr. cornille, It. corttiolo, low L.
cornoliumL. ramuscornu, a horn.]
corneous, kor'nC-us, adj., horny ; hard.
corner, kor'ner, n. , a A^rK-like projection : the point
where two lines meet ; a secret or confined place,
[old Fr. corniereL. cornu.]
cornered, kor'nerd, adj., having corners*
cornet, kor'nel, n. lit. a little horn; a hom-shaped
trumpet ; formerly, a body of cavalry accom
panied by a comet-player ; a cavalry officer who
bears the ensign ofthe troop.n. cornet- a-pi3 ton.
a kind of cornet with valves and pistons. [Fr.
cornet, dim. of cor, a horn, trumpet]
cornetcy, kor'net-si, n. the commission or rank of a
cornel.
corniculate, kor-nik'u-liit, adj. , horned; shaped
like a horn. [L. corniculatuscorniculum, dim.
of cornt/."]
cornlgerous, kor-nij'er-us, adj., bearing horns. [L.
cornu, nxi&gero, to bear.]
Cornish, kornish, adj., pertaining to Cornwall.
[Corn-wall, the horn or projection of the
Welsh.]
cornucopia, kor-nu-kO'pi-a, n. lit the horn ofplenty;
according to the fable, the horn of the goat
that suckled Jupiter, placed among the stars as
an emblem of plenty. [L. cornu, and copia,
plenty.]
Cornice, kor'nis, n. lit a curve; the highest moulded
projection of a wall or column, &c. [ItL.
coronis, Gr. korSnis.]
Cornish, Cornucopia. Sec under Corn, a hom.
CorollAj ko-rol'a, n. lit. a little garland or crown ;
the inner covering of a flower composed of one
or more leaves called petals. [L. corolla, dim.
of corona, a crown.]
corollary, kor'oMa-ri, n. orig. something given in
addition to what is due, as agarland of flowers ;
an inference or deduction from recognised facts.
[L. corollarium, a little garland.]
coronal, kor'o-nal, coronary, kor'O-nar-i, adj., per
taining to a crown, or to the top of the head.
n. a crown or garland ; the frontal bone.
coronation, kor-fi-n&'shun, ., the act ojcrowning a
sovereign. [L. coronatio.]
coroner, kor'O-ner, . an officer, appointed by the
crown, whose duty is to inquire into the causes
of accidental or suspicious deaths.
coronet, kor'o-net, a small or inferior crown
worn by the nobility ; an ornamental head-dress,
adj. cor'oneted, having or wearing a coronet.
Corporal, koi/po-ral, . lit. a chief; amo^pg infantry,
a non-commissioned officer next in rank to a
sergeant ; in the navy, an officer under a master-
at-arms.n. cor'poralship. [Fr. caporale; It
ca/oralecapo, chiefL. caput, the head.]
Corporal, kor'po-ral, adj. belonging or relating to
the body; having a body; not spiritual.. the
cloth used in R. Catholic Churches for covering
the elements of the Eucharist.adv. cor porally.
[L. corporaliscorpus, corporis, the body.]
corporate, kor'po-rat, adj. legally united into a
body so as to act as an individual ; belonging
to a corporation ; united.adv. cor'porately.n.
mOte ; mQte ; mOTn j Men.
 corporation
cor'porateness. [L. corpcmtuscorforo, to shape
into a body, from corpus.]
corporation, Kor-po-ra'shun, ., a body or society
authorised by law to act as one individualn.
corporator, a member of a corporation,
corporeal, kor-pC'rc-al, adj., Juxving a body or sub
stance : material. adv. corpo'really.. cor
poreal ity [L. corporeus.]
corps, kor, ., a body or band of soldiers.//, corpi,
kOrz. [Fr., from L. corpus.]
corpse, korps, w. orig. a human body; now, the
dead body of a human being,
corpulent, kor'pu-lent, adj., having a large body;
stout ; fleshy or fat.adv. cor'pulently.
corpulence, kor'pu-lens, corpulency, kor pQ-len-si, n.
fleshiness ofbody ; excessive fatness,
corpuscle, kor'pus-f, n. lit. a little body; a minute
particle ; a physical atom.adj. corpuscular.
[L. corpuscufum, dim. of corpus, a body.]
corse, kors, n. a poetic form of corpse,
corselet, kors'let, n. a piece of armour for covering
the body. [Fr., It. corsalettocorse.]
corsei, kor'set, n. an article of women's dress laced
round the body ; stays.
Correct, kor-rekt', v.t., to make right; to remove
faults ; to reform ; to punish ; to counterbalance :
pr.p. correcting ; /a.p. correct'ed.adj. made
right or straight ; free from faults ; true.adv.
correct ly.n. correctness. [L. com'go, cometus
cor, intensive, rego, to rule, set right.]
correction, kor-rek'shun, n., act of correcting;
amendment ; punishment
correctional, kor-rek'shun-al, corrective, kor-rckt*iv,
adj., tending, or having the power, to correct.
n. correc'tive, t/utt which corrects.
corrector, kor-rckt'or, he who, or that which,
corrects.
corrigenda, kor-ri-jen'da, n.pl. things to be corrected.
corrigible, kor'ri-jibl, adj., that may be corrected,
reformed, or punished.
Correlate, korVej-lfit, v.i., to be mutually related,
as father and son '.Pr.p. correlating ; /a./.
corrected.n. correlation. [L. cor, with, and
Relate.]
correlative, kor-rel'a-tiv, adj., mutually or recipro
cally related.. person or thing correspond
ingly related to another person or thing.adv.
correl stively.n. coml'atlveness.
Correspond, kor-re-spond', v.i., to respond one to
another; to answer, suit, fit ; to hold intercourse,
especially by sending and receiving letters:
pr.p. corresponding ; Pa,p. corrcspond'ed.adv.
correspond'lngly. [L. cor, with, and Respond.}
correspondent, kor-re-spond'ent, adj. agreeing with ;
suitable.n. one who corresponds ; one with
whom intercourse is kept up by letters. corre
spond ently.
correspondence, kor-re-spond'ens, correspondency,
kor-re-spond'en-si, n. suitableness; friendly in
tercourse ; communication by means of letters;
letters which pass between correspondents.
Corridor, kor'ri-dOr, n. a passage-way or open gal
lery runningalong, communicating with separate
chambers. [Fr. ; It. corridore, a runner, a run
ningL. curro, to run.]
Corrigenda, Corrigible. See under Correct.
Corroborate, kor-rob'<J-rat, v.t. lit. to make very
strong; to confirm; to make more certain:
pr.p. corrob'OrSting ; pa.p. corral/orated. [L.
cor, intensive, and rvborv, roboratus, to make
strong. See Robust.]
fate, far ; mC, hex ; mine ;
O
Cosmetic
corroboration, kor-rob-cVra'shun, n., act ofcorrobor
ating; that which corroborates ; confirmation.
corroborant, kor-rob'O-rant, corroborative, kor-rob'G-
rftx-iv, adj., tending to corroborate or confirm.
n. that which corroborates.
Corrode, kor-rOd', v.t., to gnaw or eat away by
degrees ; to rust '.fr.p. corrOd'ing ; pa.p. cor-
rud'ed. [L. cor, intensive, rodo, rosus, to gnaw.]
corrodent, kor-rOd'ent, adj., having the power of
corroding.. that which corrodes.
corrodible, kor-rfld'i-bl, adj., that maybe corroded.
n. corrodlbil'lty.
corrosion, kor-ro'shun, ., act of corroding or
wasting away ; the state of being corroded, [low
L. corrosio.]
corrosive, kor-r3s'iv, adj. having the quality of cor
roding or eating away.n. that which has the
power of corroding.-adv. corrosively.. cor-
ros'lvenesa, [L. corrosivus.]
Corrugate, kor'rOO-gSt, v.t., to wrinkle ox draw into
folds by contracting or pressing together :pr.p.
corrugating ; Pa.p. corrugated. [L. cor, inten
sive, ruga, mgatus, to wrinkleruga, a wrinkle.]
corrugant, korTOD-gant, adj. able to contract into
wrinkles.
corrugation, kor-r6"o-gTl'shun, n., the act of wrink
ling or being wrinkled ; a wrinkle.
Corrupt, kor-rupr*, v.t. lit. to break to pieces; to
make putrid ; to defile ; to debase ; to bribe.
v.i. to rot; to lose purity :pr.p. corrupt'ing;
Pa.p. corrupt'ed.adj. putrid ; depraved ; defiled ;
not genuine ; full of errors. adv. corruptry.ns.
corrupt'ness, corrupt'er. [L. cor, intensive, and
rumpo, ruptus, to break.]
corruptible, kor-ruptT-bl, adj., liable to becorrupted.
adv. corrupt'ibly.Kj. corruptlbll'lty, corrupt'-
lbleness.
corruption, kor-rup'shun, the act ofcorrupting;
the state of being corrupted ; rottenness ; putrid
matter ; impurity ; bribery,
corruptive, kor-rupt'iv, adj. having the quality of
corrupting.
Corsair, kor'sar, n. lit. one who scours or ranges
the ocean ; a pirate ; a pirate's vessel. [Fr. cor-
saireL. cursus, a runningcurro, to run.]
Corse, Corselet, Corset. See under Corporal.
Cortege, koKtazh, ., a train of attendants, orig.
applied only to the court; a procession. [Fr.,
from It corteggio, a train, from corie, court]
See Court.
Cortex, kor'teks, n., tlie bark or skin of a plant ; a
covering.adj. cortical, pertaining to bark; ex
ternal. [L. cortex, corticis, bark.]
corticate, kor'ti-kit, corticated, kor'ti-kat-ed, adj.
furnished with bark; resembling bark.
Coruscate, ko-rusTcat, or kor/-, v.i, to sparkle as by
shaking ; to throw off flashes of light :pr.p.
coruscating; Pa.p. corus'cated.adj. corns cant,
flashing. [L. corusco, coruscatus, to shake, glit
tercomu, a horn : allied to Gr. korussd, to
shake the head, as a bull. ]
coruscation, ko-rus-kS'shun, n. a glittering ; sudden
flash of light
Corvette, kor-vet', . a small ship of war, next to a
frigate, carrying not more than 20 guns. [Fr.,
Sp. corbetaL. corbita, a slow-sailing ship, from
corbis, a basket]
Corvine, koiMn, adj., pertaining to the crow* [L.
corvinuscorpus, a crow.]
Cosmetic, koz-mct'ik, adj. lit. skilled in ornament-
mOte; mate; mOOn; Men.
 cosmic
ing; beautifying ; improving beauty, especially
that of the complexion.n. a preparation used
for beautifying the complexion.adv. cosmet'lc-
aHy. [Fr. cosmetique, It. cosmetico, Gr. kosml-
tikoskosmos, order, ornament, the world.]
cosmic, koz/mflc, coimical, koz'mik-al, adj., relating
to tkt world or to the universe ; in astron., rising
and setting with the sun.-adz: eos'mically.
cosmogony, koz-mog'o-ni, *. the science of thefor
mation of the universe. [Gr. kosmogonia
kosmos, and gonos, a coming into existence
gin, root ofgtgnomai, to be bom.]
cosmogonist, koz-mog'o-nist, one skilled in cos
mogony.
cosmography, koz-mog'ra-fi, n. lit. a description of
the world; the science of the constitution of the
universe.n. coamog'rapoer. [Gr. kosmographia
kosmos, and graphs% to write.]
eoamographlc, koz-mo-grafik, coamographlcaj, koz-
mo-graf'ik-al, adj pertaining to cosmography.
cocmology, koz-moto-ji, n., the science of the uni
verse; a treatise on the structure and parts 01
the system ofcreation.adj. coamolog ical. [Gr.
kosmos, and logos, discourselegS, to speak.]
eosmologist, koz-mol'o-jist, one versed in cos
mology.
cosmopolitan, koz-mo-pot'i-tan, cosmopolite, koz-
mop'o llt, n. lit. a citizen of the world; one
who can make a home everywhere.n. cosmo
politanism. [Gr. kosmos, and Potites, a citizen
Polls, a city.]
eosmorama, koz-mo-ra'ma, *., a view, or a series of
views, of different parts of the world.adj. cos-
moram'lc. [Gr. kosmos, and horama, a spec-
tacleAoraS, to see.]
Cossack, kos'ak, n. lit. a robber or light-armed
soldier.M. a warlike tribe in the east and
south of Russia. [Russ. Kasack.]
Cost, kost, v.t., to stand at or amount to in price ;
to require to be laid out or suffered :pr.p.
costing; pa.t. and Pa.p. cost.n. what is laid
out, or suffered to obtain anything.//, expenses
of a lawsuit. [Fr. collter, old Fr. couster
L. constart, to stand atcon, and stare, to
stand.]
costly, kostli, adj., of great cost; high-priced;
valuable.. costliness.
Costal, kosr/al, adj., relating to the ribs, or to the
side of the body. [L. casta, a rib.]
coatate, kos'tat, adj.,havingribs, or the appearance
of ribs.
Costermonger, kos'tcr-mung-ger, n. orig. costard-
monger; a seller ofcostards or apples and other
fruit ; an itinerant seller of fruit, [costard, a
form of Costard, and Monger.]
Costive, kos'tiv, adj., constipated or having the
motion of the bowels too slow.adv. coa'tively.
n. ceaftrrenesa, [It costipativoL. con, to
gether, and stipo, to press closely.]
Costume, kos'tum, n. the established custom or
manner of dressing prevalent at a particular
period or place ; dress. [Fr. costume, custom,
dress, low L. costumaL. consuetude, custom.]
Cot, kot, Cota, k.0t, n.t a small dwelling, a cottage ;
a small bed ; a sleeping-place on board ship ; an
enclosure forsheep or cattle. [A.S. cote ; W. cwl.]
cottage, kor'aj, ., a cot; formerly applied to a hut
or hovel, now to a small, neat dwelling,
cottager, kot'aj-er, ., one who dwells in a cottage.
cottar, cottar, kot'er, n. same as cottager.
kO-tem-pO-ra'nc-us,
fate, far; mS, her; mine;
93
counter
kO-tem'pO-rar-i, same as Contemporaneons, cos-
temporary.
Coterie, kO'te-rS, or kor*, n. a number of persons
who meet familiarly for social, literary, or other
purposes. [Fr.cote, It. quota, share, contribu
tion ; L. quota, from quotus, how many.]
Cotillon, Cotillion, ko-tU'yun,- n. lit. a petticoat; a
brisk dance by eight persons. [Fr.cotte, a petti
coat, low L colta, a tunic] See Coat.
Cottage. See under Cot.
Cotton, kor/n, n. a soft substance tike fine wool,
got from the pods of the cotton-plant ; cloth made
of cotton.kot-l-levdon,
[Fr. colon;n.Ar.theqoton.]
Cotyledon, seed-lobe or cup
s/taped leaf which nourishes the seed of a plant.
[Gr. kotyliddnkotyli, a cup.]
cotviedonoos, kot-i-lCdon-us, adj., pertaining to or
having cotyledons or seed-lobes.
Coach, kouch, v.t., to lay down on a bed, &c; to
arrange in language, to express ; to depress or
remove a cataract m the eye. v.i. to he down
for the purpose ofsleep, concealment, &c ; to bend
or stoop in reverence '.Pr.p. couching; Pa.p.
couched'. [Fr. coucher, to lay or lie down ; old
Fr. colcher, It. colcareL. collocare, to lay, to
placecol, and locus, a place.]Conch a spear, to
nx it in its rest in the breast of the armour,
coach, kouch, n. any place for rest or sleep ; a bed.
couchant, kouch'ant, adj., couching or lying down
with the head raised. [Fr., pr.p. of coucher.]
Cough, kof, n. an effort of the lungs to throw off
injurious matter, accompanied by a harsh sound,
proceeding from the throat.v.i. to make this
effort,v.t. to expel from the throat or lungs
by a cough :pr.p. cough'ing ; Pa,p. coughed'.
[Dutch, kuch, a cough, imitative of the sound.] *
Could, kood, past tense of Can. [old . coud,
couthA.S. cuthe, was able, pa.t. of cunnan, to
be able. / is inserted from the influence of would
and should.]
Coulter. See Colter.
Council, koun'sil, ., an assembly called together
for deliberation or advice. [Fr. concile, L. con
ciliumcon, together, and root cal, to call.]
councillor, koun'sil-or, ., a member ofa council.
Counsel, koun'scl, n., consultation; deliberation;
advice; plan; purpose; one who gives counsel,
a barrister or advocate.v.t. to give advice ; to
warn :pr.p. counselling : Pa.p. coun'selled. [Fr.
conseil, *L. consilium, advice.]
counsellor, koun'sel-or, n., one who counsels; a
barrister.. coun'sellorship.
Count, kount, n. lit. one who goes with anothera
companion of a prince ; on the continent, a title
of nobility equal in rank to -an English earl.
fern, count'ess, the wife of a count or earl. [Fr.
comte, from L. comes, comitis, a companion
con, with, and eo, ifurn, to go.]
county, koun'ti, n. orig. the province ruled by a
count; a portion of a country separated for
purposes connected with the administration of
justice ; a shire.
Count, kount, v.t., to compute, number, sum up :
to ascribe ; esteem ; consider.v.i. to add to or
increase a number by being counted to it ; to
depend :fr.p. count/bag ; pa.p. count'ed.n. act
ofnumbering ; the number counted ; a particular
charge in an indictment. [Fr. compter, It. eon-
tare, L. computare. See Compute.]
counter, kount'er, n., he who, or that which, counts;
mOte; mOte; mGon; Men.
 Countenance
that which indicates a number ; a piece of metal,
&c. used in reckoning ; a table on which money
is counted or goods laid.
Countenance, koun'ten-ans, ft. the features as con
taining or expressing the feelings ; the face ;
the expression of the face ; appearance. [Fr. con-
tenaneeconienir, L. continert, to contain.
See Contain,]
Counter, koimYer, adv., against; in opposition.
adj. contrary; opposite. [I* contra, against.]
Counteract, koun'tei*akt, v.t., to act counter or
in opposition to ; to hinder or defeat by acting
against ipr.p. counteracting ; pa.p. counter-
acr/ed.n. counterac'tlon. [Counter and Act.]
counteractive, koun-ter-akr/iv, adj., tending to
counteract.n. one who or that which counter
acts.adv. coimteraet'lver/.
Counterbalance, koun-ter-barans, v.t., to balance by
weight on the opposite side ; to act against with
equal weight, power, or influence :Pr.p. counter
balancing ; pa.p. counterbal'anced. [Counter
and Balance.]
counterbalance, koun'ter-bal-ans, n., that which
counterbalances; an equal weight, power, or
agency working in opposition.
Counterfeit, koun'ter-fit, v.t., to make in opposition
to the real or genuine article ; to imitate ; to
copy without authority ; to forge :fr.p. coun'ter-
feiting ; Pa.p. counterfeited. [Fr. contrefait,
from contrefaire, to imitateL. contra, against,
feuere, to do, to make.]
counterfeit, koun'ter-fit, n., he who or that which
imitates ; something false or copied, or that pre
tends to be true and original.adj. pretended;
made in imitation of ; forged ; false.
Countermand, koun-ter-mand', v.t. to give a com
mand in opposition to one already given : to re
voke, oppose, contradict \-pr.6. countermand'-
ing ; Pa.p. countermanded, fr r. contremander
L. contra, against, and mando, to order.]
countermand, koun'ter-mand, n., a contrary com
mand or order ; a revocation of a former order.
adj. countermand'able.
Counterpane, koun'ter-pan, n. a coverlet for a bed,
stitched or woven in squares, [a corr. of coun
terpoint.Fr. courtePointe, old Fr. contre-pointe,
corr. from coulte-pointL. culcita functa, bed
stitched ; W. cylch, a circle, cylched, bed-clothes.]
counterpoint, koun'ter-point, n., a counterpane.
Counterpoint, koun'ter-point, n. in music, written
harmony which originally consisted of points
placed opposite to each other ; the setting of a
harmony of one or more parts to a melody ; the
art ofcomposition. [Fr. contrepoint, It. contrap-
punto, point against point.]
Counterpoise, koun'ter-poix, v.t, to Poise or weigh
against or on the opposite side ; to act in oppo
sition to with equal effect :pr.p. counterpois
ing ; Pa.p. counterpoised.n. that which counter
poises ; an equally heavy weight. [Counter and
Pels*.]
Counter-scarp, koun'ter-skarp, n. in fort., the side
of the ditch nearest to the besiegers and opposite
to the scarp. [Counter and Scarp. J
Countersign, koun-tcr-stn'f v.t., to sign*on the oppo
site side of a writing ; to sign in addition to the
signature of a superior, to attest the authenticity
ota writing :/*./. countersigning ; Pa.p. coun
tersigned'. [Counter and Blgn.1
countersign, koun'tcr-sln, n. a military private sign
fate, far; me, her; mine;
courtesy
or word, which must be given in order to pass a
sentry ; a counter-signature.
counter-signature, koun'ter-sig'na-tur, n. a name
countersigned to a writing.
Counter-tenor, koun'ter-tcn-or, n. the highest adult
male voice and the lowest female voice, between
the pitch of counter And tenor.
Countervail, koun-ter-val',f tobeofavailagainst;
to act against with equal effect : to be of equal
value to \~pr.p. countervailing ; pa.p, counter
vailed'. [Counter and AvalL]
countervail, koun ter-vSl, n., equalweight, strength,
power, &c.
Countess. See under Count.,
Country, kun'tri, n. lit. the land opposite or near
to a town ; a rural region as distinct from a town ;
a tract of land ; the land in which one was born,
or in which one resides.adj. belonging to the
country ; rustic ; rude. [Fr. contrie, It. contrada
L. contra, against, and suffix ata.]
country-dance. See Contra-daace.
countryman, kun'tri-man, n., one who lives in the
country ; a farmer ; one born in the same country
with another.
County. See under Count
Couple, kupl, n. two of a kindjoined together, or
connected; two; a pair.v.t. to join together;
to unite :pr.p. coupling ; Pa.p. coupled. [Fr.,
from L. copula. See Copula.]
couplet, kupiet, two lines of verse that rhyme
with each other.
coupling, kupling, n., the joining together; that
which connects.
Courage, kur'aj, n., heart; the quality that enables
men to meet dangers without fear; bravery;
spirit. [Fr. courage, from L. cor, the heart.]
courageous, kur-a'jus, adj.,full ofcourage; brave.
adv. courageously.n. coura'geouxoees.
Courier, koT/ri-er, a runner; a messenger; a
state servant or messenger ; a travelling attend
ant. [Fr. courier, from courir, L. currere, to run.]
course, kors, ., the act of running; the road or
track on which one runs ; the direction pursued ;
a voyage ; a race : regular progress from point to
point; method of procedure; conduct: a part of
a meal served at one time. [Fr. court, It. corso,
L. cursus, from curro, curium, to run.]
course, kflrs, v.t., to run, chase, or hunt after.
v.i. to move with speed as in a race or hunt :
Pr.p. coursing ; Pa.p. coursed'.
courser, kors'cr, n., a runner; a swift horse; one
who courses or hunts.
courting, kors'ing, hunting with greyhounds.
Court, kort, ., a space enclosed; a space surrounded
by houses : the palace of a sovereign ; the body
of persons who form his suite or council: atten
tion ; civility, as to pay court : in law, the hall
of justice ; the judges and officials who preside
there for the dispensation ofjustice ; any body of
persons assembled to decide causes, whether
civil, military, or ecclesiasticalv.t. to pay
attentions to ; to woo ; to solicit ; to seek '.pr.p.
courting ; Pa.p. courted. [Fr. cour, L. cohors,
also chors = cors, cortis, a cattle-yard ; akin to
Gr. chortos, an enclosed place.]
courteous, kurt'yus, adj. of court-like manners ;
polite; respectful; obliging.adv. court'eoualy.
n. court'eousneis.
courtesy, kurt'e-si, n.} courtliness; elegance of
manner ; an act of civility or respect.
courtesy, kurrsi, n. the gesture of salutation or
mote ; mute ; ; Men.
99
 courtesan Craft
respect performed by women by slightly depress cowslip, kow'slip, n. a species of primrose which
ing the body and bending the knees.v.i. to aappears early in spring in moist places, [prob.
corruption of cow's lech.]
make a courtesy '.pr.p. courr/esying ; pa.p.
courr/esied. Cow, kow, v.t., to subdue, keep under; to dis
courtesan, courtezan, kurt'e-zan, n. orig. a follower hearten:Pr.p. COW'Sng ; pa.p. cowed'. [Sw.
ofthe courj; a fashionable prostitute, kufiva, Dan. hue, to subdue, to keep under.]
courtier, kOrt'ycr, n., one who frequents courts or Coward, kow'ard, ., one who turns tail; one
palaces ; one who courts or natters,
courtly, kOrt'li, adj. having manners like those of without courage. [Fr. couardold Fr. couarder,
to retireL. cauda, a tail.]
a court; ofimposing manner ; elegant. w.court'- coward, kow'ard, cowardly, kow'ard-li, adj. afraid
Ustm
court-martial, kGrt-maVshal, ., a court held by of danger ; timid ; mean.adv. cow'ardly.n.
cowardliness.
Officers of the army or navy for the trial of cowardice, kow'ard-is, n. want ofcourage ; timidity.
offences against military or naval laws.//, Cower, kow'cr, v.i. lit. to sit in a comer; to sink
conrts-mar'tial.
court-plaster, kOrt'plas-ter, . sticking plaster made crouch :pr.p.
of silk, with some adhesive substance on one side. cwriancwr,
courtship, kOrt'ship, n., the act of courting or akau, corner; \jct. /eaucnen, nuum, to squat, from
a narrow confined place, a hut.]
wooing with intention to marry.
Consul, kuz'n, one related more remotely than Cowl, kowl, ., a cap or hood ; a monk's hood ; a
a brother or sister; the son or daughter of an cover cwfli
for a chimney. [A.S. cugle, cuhie; W.
It, cucullo; L. cucullus, hood.]
uncle or aunt. [Fr.L. cousobrinuscon, sig. cowled, kowld,
connection, and sodrinus for sororinus, applied Cowry, kow'ri, adj., wearing a cowl.
n. a small shell used as money in
to the children of sisterssoror, a sister.]
Cove, kOv, a cave or hollowplace; a small inlet Coxcomb, Coxswain. inSeeAfrica.
the E. Indies and [Hind, kauri.}
under Cock.
of the sea; a bay.v.t. to overarch, and thus
form a hollow:pr.p. coVing; pa,p. cOved'. Coy, koy, adj. lit. quiet; modest; bashful; shy.
[A.S. cofa, a cave, L. cavutncavus, hollow.] adv. coyly.n. coy'ness. [Fr. coi; It. cheto, from
See Alcove. L. quietus, quiet.]
Covenant, kuvVnant, n. lit. a conveningot meeting coyiah, koy'ish, adj., somewhat coy.adv. coy'lahly.
together; a mutual agreement to do a certain n. coylshness.
thing ; the writing containing the agreement. Cox, koz, . a contraction of Consul.
v.i. to enter into an agreement ; to contract or Cozen, kuz'n, v.t., to talk with, to caress; to flatter ;
bargain :pr.p. covenanting; Pa.p. covenanted. to cheat :Pr.p. co/ening ; Pa.p. coz'ened. [Ger.
[Fr., from L. con, together, and venio, to come.]
covenanter, kuv-e-nant'er, n., one who covenants ; kosen, to talk, caress, make love ; allied to Fr.
causer, to talk with.]n. cozener,
one who signed the Scottish National Covenant cozenage, kuz'n-uj, ., the practice of clieaiing ;
of 1638. deceit.
Cover, kuv'cr, v.t., to spread over so as to conceal ; Crab,
to hide; to clothe; to shelter; to brood or sit the krab, n. a common shell-fish having ten legs,
front pair terminating in claws ; a sign in the
on ; to be sufficient for, as to cover expense : zodiac. [A.S. crabba, from Sans, grabh, to
Pr.p. covering; Pa.p. covered.. that which seize, or from
covers or protects ; in hunting, the retreat of Crab, krab, adj., A.S. creopan, to crctfp.]
a fox or hare. [Fr. couvrir, It. coprireL. a wild bitter acrid; apple.
sour; rough ; austere..
[W. garw, Gael garbh,
eooperirecont and cpert'o, to cover.] Ger. herb, L. acerbus, sour. See Acerbity.]
covering, kuv'er-ing, ., anything that covers or crabbed, krab'ed, adj., sour-tempered; ill-natured;
conceals.
coverlet, kuv'er-Ict, ., a bed-cover. [Fr. couvre-lit, peevish ; harsh ; rough ; difficult, perplexing.
from couvre, and lit, L. tectum, a bed.] adv. crabb'edly.n. crabVedmesa.
covert, kuv'ert, adj. , covered; concealed: secret Crack, krak, n.t a sudden sharp splittingsound; a
chink ; a flaw.v.i. toutter a sharp sudden sound ;
. a place that covers or affords protection.
covertly, kuVert-li, adv. in a covered or concealed to split.v.t. to produce a sudden noise ; to break
manner.km^cr-tO^ n.,covering} shelter, defence ; into
coverture,
chinks; to split ; to break partially or wholly ;
to disorder '.pr.p. crack'ing ;Pa.p. cracked', [r r.
in law, the condition of a married woman. crac; Dutch, krak; GacL cnaci from the sound.]
Covet, kuv'ct, v.t. or v.i., to desire or wish for cracker, krak'er, n. the person or thing which
cracks; a noisy firework ; a hard biscuit.
eagerly; to wish for what is unlawful '.-pr.p. crackle,
coveting ; pa.p. cov'etcd. [old Fr. covoiter ; It. cracks .*pr.p.v.i.crack'ling;
krakl, to give out slight butfrequent
Pa.p. crack led.
cubitareL. cupidus, desirouscupio, to desire: cracknel, krak'ncl, n. a hard, brittle biscuit.
or low L. convotarevotum, a wish.) Cradle, kra'dl, . lit. a smallcrate ; a bed or crib In
covetable, kuv'ct-a-bl, adj., that may be coveted.
covetous, kuv'et-us, adj. inordinately desirous; which children are rocked ; fig. infancy : a frame
avaricious.-adv. covetously.n. cov'etouneea. in which anything is imbedded ; a case for a
Covey, kuvl, n. , a brood or hatch of birds ; a small broken limb ; a frame under a ship for launch
ing it.v.t. to lay or rock in a cradle :/r./.
flock of birdssaid ofgame. [Fr. couviecouvi, cra'dling; pa.p. cra'dled. [A.S. cradol, Gael.
pa.p. of" couver, to hatchL. cubo, to lie down.]
Cow, kow, n. the female of the bull. [A.S. cu; creathatl: crate. Sec
akin to L. craticula, dim. ofcrates, a
Crate.]
Ger. huh ; Sans, go : from its cry.]
cow-pox, kow'-poks, *. a disease wriich appears in prehending; power
Craft, kraft, w. of griping, seizing, or com
strength ; ability; cunning ; dex
pox or pimples on the
matter from which is used forteats of the cow,
~ > n the terity; art; trade: small ships. [A.S. craeft,
fate, far ; mi, her ; mine ; mOte ; mute ; moUn ; thai.
 crafty Cream
Oer. ty7/? ; allied to Ger. greifen, to seize, gripe, cripe, old E. crips, curledused
silk stuff, usually black, in mourning. [Fr.
; L. crispus, crisp.]
W. craffux to seize with the understanding.!
crafty, kraft'i, adj., havingcraft or skill ; cunning ; Crash, krash, n. a noise as of things breaking, or
deceitful.adv. craftily.n. cratVlness. being crushed by falling.v.i. to make a noise as
craftsman, krafts'man, ft., one engaged in a craft or of things falling and breaking :fir.p. crash'ing ;
trade. Paf>.crashed', [formed from the sound.] SecCrash.
Crag, krag, ., a rock; a rough, steep rock or point ; Gratis, kra'sis, rt. in gram., the mingling or con
in geoL. a bed of gravel mixed with shells. [Gael. traction of two vowels into one long vowel, or into
creag, W. craig, a rock.] a diphthong. [Gr. krasiskerannumi, to mix.]
crugged, krag'ed, craggy, kragl, adj.,full ofcrags Crass, kras, adj., gross; thick ; coarse. [L. crasstts.
or broken rocks ; rough ; rugged.us. cragg ed- See Grots.}
ness, cragg'lneu. crasiament, kras'a-ment, ., the gross or thick part
Crake, krak, Corn'crake, n. the landrail, a migratory ofa fluid, esp.blood. [h.crassamenturncrassus.]
bird, which lives much among grass, com, &c. so crassitude, krasl-tftd, grossness; coarseness.
named from its cry.
Cram, kram, v.t. lit. to draw together; to ram Cratch, krach, n. lit. a crate ; a grated crib to hold
hay for cattle. [It. craticia"L. crates. See Crate.]
down; to stuff; to fill to superfluity.v.i. to eat Crate, krilt, n., wicker-work; a case made of rods
greedily; to stuff:Pr.fi. cramming; Pa.p. wattled together, and used for packing crockery
crammed'. [A.S. cramutian; Ice. krami, pres in. [L. crates; Gael, creatkach, underwood.]
sure ; Dan. kramme, to crumple, crush : from the Crater, krat'er, ., the ^rW-shaped mouth or aper
notion of drawing together.] ture of a volcano. [L. crater, Gr. kratir, a large
Cramp, kramp, ., a drawing together or contract bowl for mixing wine, from kerannfani, to mix. ]
ing; a painful spasmodic Contraction of muscles ;
restraint : a piece of iron bent at the ends, for Craunch, kranch, v.t., to crush with the teeth; to
chew anything hard, and so make a noise :
holding together wood, stone, &cv.t. to affect fir.p.
with spasms : to confine ; to hinder : to fasten sound:craunch ing ; fa.p. craunched'. [from the
so Scot, crutch, erttneh; Fr. grinceri]
with a cramp iron :fir.p. cramping ; pa.fi. Cravat, kra-vat', n. a kind of neckcloth worn by
cramped'. [A.S. hramma; Gcr. krampf, akin men, said to have been introduced into France in
to krampe, a cramp iron ; conn, with Clamp : 1636 from the Cravates, or Croatian*. [Fr.
perhaps from Sans, grabh, to seize.] cravate, a corruption of Crvati]
crampflsh, kramp'fish, . the torpedo, so called Crave, krfiv, v.t. lit. to ask with crying; to beg
from its power of affecting with cramp the arms earnestly; to beseech ; to demand or require ; to
of those who touch it. long foTZpr.p. craving; Pa.p. craved. [A.S.
Cranberry. See under Crane. cra/ian, to ask ; W. crefu, to cry.to beg earnestly.]
Oranch, kranch, same as Craunch.
Crane, kran, H. lit. the bird that croaks or makes craving,Craven,
kruvlng, a vehement desire.
kraVn, ., one overthrown or vanquished ;
the sound cr; a large wading bird, with long
legs, neck, and bill : a bent pipe for drawing liquor aspiritless,
coward,; a spiritless fellow.adj. cowardly ;
out of a cask, a machine for raising heavy weights in single combat cravant,
[orig. the cry of one beaten
both named from their likeness to the bird. overthrow.]adv.; crav'enly.m. from old Fr. cravanter, to
[A. S. cran ; Ger. kranich ; Gr. geranos; L. grus, Craw, kraw, ., the crop, throat, orcrav'enneti. first stomach
a crane : from the sound.] of fowls. [Dan. kroe; Ger kragett, A.S. Araca.]
cranberry, kran'ber-ri, .' a red, sour berry grow
ing on a stalk resembling the legs and neck of Crawfish, kraw'fish, Crayfiah, kr.Vfi.sh, w. a small
a crane, much used for tarts, &c. species of crab or lobster, found in fresh water,
Cranium, krft'm-um, n., the head; the skull; the [akrebix, corr. of Fr. ecrevisse, Gcr. krebs, old Gcr.
a crab.]
bones enclosing the brain, [low L. cranium,
Gr. kranion, from hart, Sans, ciras, the head.] Crawl, krawl, v.i., to creep or move on; to move
cranial, krani-al, adj., pertaining to the cranium. feebly orslowly :pr.fi. crawling ; Pa.p. crawled'.
cranlology, kra-ni-ol'o-ji, n. lit. a discourse on the [Dan. kravle; Ger. krabbeln, to creep.]
cranium; the study of skulls; phrenology. [L. Crayfish. See Crawfish,
eratdutn, and Gr. logos, a discourse.]adj. crani- Crayon, kra'on, . a pencil made of chalk or pipe
Olog leal. \plogy. clay, ^ variously coloured, used for drawing ; a
eranlologitt, kra-ni-ol'o-jist, n., one skilled in craui- drawing done with crayons.v.t. to sketch with
Crank, krangk, n. lit. a crook or bend; an arm a crayon ; to sketch or plan. [Fr. crayonerase,
bent and fastened to an axis to produce motion : chalk, from L. creta, Cretan earth, chalk.]
a twisting or conceit in speech. [Dutch, kring; Craze, kraz, v.t., to crush or break ,* to weaken ; to
kronkelen, krinkelen, to curl, twist, bend.)
crank, krangk, crankle, krangk'l, crinkle, kringkl, derange (applied to the intellect) zfir.p. craV-
v.t. to form with short turns or wrinkles.v.i. to ing ; pa.p. crazed'.adv. craz'edly. [Fr. /eraser,
bend, turn, wind, or wrinkle zPr.fi. crinkling ; krassa, to shatter
to crush,
grind.]
; Dan. krase, to crackle ; Ice.
fia.p. crinkled. crazy, krazl, adj., crazedor crushed; feeble ; crack-
crankle, krangkl, crinkle, kringkl, n. a turn, wind brained ; insane.adv. craz'Uy.. crazfineas.
ing, or wrinkle.
Crank, krangk. Cranky, krangkl, aiij. lit. tick; Creak, krek, v.i. to make a sharp, cracking, grating
sound, as ofa hinge, &c. :pr.p. creak'ing ; Pa.p.
weak ; in ttattt. language, liable to be upset. creaked', [old Fr. criquer ; A.S. cearcian: from
fA.S. crane ; Ger. krank, sick, weak.] the sound, and connected with Crack.]
cranknea, krangkVies . liability to be upset. Cream, krem, n. lit.froth ; the oily substance, which
Cranny, kran'ni, . lit. a rent; a chink; a secret forms on milk
place. [Fr. cran ; Ger. krinne, a rent, channel.] to take off the; the best part of anything.v.t.
cream.v.i. to gather or form
Crape, kr2p, n. a thin transparent crisp or crimpled cream zpr.p. cream'ing ; pa.p. creamed'. [Fr.
fate, far ; m, her ; mine ; mote ; mute ; mOon ; Men,
 cream-faced Crevasse
crime; It. enema; L. cremor; Ice. kraumr; creeper, krSp'er, n. , a person or thing that creeps ;
allied to A.S. and Scot, ream, Ger. raAi*.] an instrument with iron hooks for dragging the
cream-faced, krcm'-filst, adj., pale-faced either bottom of a river, &c. ; a creeping plant ; a genus
naturally or through fear ; coward-looking. of small climbing birds.
creamy, krem'i, adj.,full ofor WVecream ; gather Cremation. krC-ma'shun, n., act of burning, esp, of
ing like cream.n. cream'ineaa. the dead. [L. crematio, from eremo, to bum.]
Crease, krfs, ., <r wrtnk/e or mark such as is made Cremona, krS-mo'na, n. a superior kind of violin
by folding.v.t. to make creases in anything : made at Cremona in Italy.
pr.p. creas'ing ; pa.f>. creased'. [Bret, kriz, a Crenate, kr'nat, Crenated, krS'n2t-ed, adj. in bat.,
wrinkle. Ger. kraus, crisp ; akin to L. crispus.] having the edge notched. [L. crena, a notch,]
Create, kre-ar', v.t., to make; to bring into being Creole, kre'ol, n. properly, an individual born in the
or form out of nothing ; to beget ; to form ; to country, but of a race not native to it ; usually
invest with a new form, office, or character; to applied to an inhabitant of S. America or W.
produce :Pr.p. creat/ing^; Pa.p. creat/ed. [L. Indies born in the country and of pure European
creo, meatus; Gr. kratnd, to accomplish, to blood. [Fr. criole ; Sp. criollo, contr. from cria-
fulfil ; Sans, kri, to make.] dillo, dim. ofcriadocriar, L. creare, to create.]
creation, kre-a'shun. n., the act ofcreating, esp. the Creosote, krt'o-sot, Creaaote, krfi'a-sot, n. an oily,
universe : that which is created, the world, the colourless liquid distilled from wood-tar, and
universe. [L. creatio.] haring the quality ofpreservingflesh from cor
creative, kr-a'tiv, adj., having power to create; ruption. [Gr. kreas, kreSs, flesh, and sdter, a
that creates.adv. crea'tively.n. crea tivene. preserver, from sdzd, to save.]
creator, kr5-a'tor, ., he who creates ; a maker. Crepitate, krepl-tit, v.i., to crackle, as salt when
The Creator, the Supreme Being, God. suddenly heated :^r.p. crepitating ; Pa.p. crep'-
creature, kretOr, n.t -whatever has been created, itared.
animate or inanimate ; esp. every animated crepo, to[L. crepito, crepitatus, frequentative of
being, an animal, a man, a brute ; a term of con crepitation, crackt rattle.]
tempt or endearment ; one who owes his position repeated snapping noise. act ofcrrpitatiag; a
krep-i-tA'shun,
in society to another ; a dependant. [L. creatura.] Crept, k r.;]>:,/.i..J. and Pa.p. of Creep.
Creed, krSd, n. that which is credited or believed ; Crepuscuie, kre-pusTcOl, Crepwele, krC-pusI, twi
a summary of the articles ofreligious belief. [A.S. light, [L. crepttsculumcreper, dusky, obscure.]
creda, from L. credo, I believe, the first word of crepuscular, kre-pus'ku-Iar, cxepusculoua, krS-pus'-
the Apostles' Creed ; akin to Sans, crat, faith.] kfl-lus, adj., oforpertaining to twilight.
credence, krC'dens, n., belief; trust; that which Crescent,
gives a claim to belief or trust, (low L. credentia . thekres'ent, adj., increasing or grooving.
moon as she increases towards half
errdens, credentis, believing, pr.p. of creda.} moon : a figure resembling the crescent moon,
credent, krg'dent, adj., crediting or believing ; easy as that borne on the Turkish standard; the
of belief; having credit.
credential, krg-den shal, adj. , giving a title to belief standard itself; the Turkish power: a range of
or credit,n. that which entitles to credit or crescentis,inpr.p.
buildings the form of a crescent. [L. crescens,
ofcreseo, to grow.]
confidence.//, esp. the letters by which any one crescendo, kres-scn'do, adv. with an increasing
claims confidence or authority among strangers. volume ofsound, a musical term whose sign is <
credible, kred'i-bl, adj. that may be believed.ns. Cress, kres, n. the name of several species of plants
credibility, crediblenesaadv. credibly. like the water-cress, which grow in moist places,
credit, kred'it, n., belief; esteem ; reputation ; hon and have pungent leaves used as a salad. [A.S.
our ; good character ; belief in one's pecuniary cressa ; Ger. kresse; Fr. cresson; akin to L. cresco.]
ability : sale on trust; time allowed for payment ;
money or goods due ; the side of an account on Cresset, kres'et, n., a cruse, jar, or open lamp filled
which payments received are entered.v.t. to with combustible material, placed on a beacon,
believe ; to trust ; to sell or lend to on trust : to light-house, &c. [Fr. creuset; sec Crock, Cruse.]
enter on the credit side of an account ; to set to Crest, krest, n. the comb or tuft on the head of a
the credit of:pr.p. crediting; pa.p. credited. cock and other birds ; a plume of feathers or
[L. credituscredo.] other ornament on the top of a helmet ; in
creditable, kredlt-a-bl, adj., worth? of credit or heraldry, a figure placed over a coat of arms.
belief; trustworthy ; bringing credit or honour. v.t. to furnish with, or serve for, a crest:
. ered'ltableneea,adv. creditably. pr.p. cresting ; Pa.p. crest/ed. [A. S. craesta; Fr.
creditor, kred'it-or, n., one who credits or trusts ; in crfte; L. crista, from the root of crinis, hair.]
commerce, one to whom a debt is due. crest-fallen, kresV-fawln, adj. dejected ; heartless.
ereduloua, kred'u-lus, adj., easy of belief; apt to crestless, Icrest/les, adj., without a crest; not of
believe without sufficient evidence ; unsuspect high birth.
ing.adv. credulously.n. cred'ulonsneu.
credulity, krc-dQ'li-ti, n.t credulousness; disposition Cretaceous, krS-ta'shus, adj., chalky ; composed of,
or like chalk. [L. cretaceus, from creta, chalk.]
to believe on insufficient evidence. Cretin, krftin, re. one of a class of idiots found in
Creek, krSk, a bend or comer; a small inlet or deep valleys, esp. among the Alps, and generally
bay of the sea or a river ; any turn or winding. afflicted with goitre. [Fr.,forcrrx//, Prov. crestar
[A.S. crecca; T>. kreek; Ice. kryki, a corner.] L. cas(rare, to geld, hence = a deformed man :
ereeky, krfck'i, adj.,full ofcreeks; winding. ace. to others from chre'iien.a Christian, because
Creep, krep, v.i. to move on the belly, like a snake ; incapable of sinning, being an idiot.]
to move slowly ; to grow along the ground or on cretinism, kre'tin-izm, re., the condition ofa cretin.
supports, as a vine ; to fawn ;pr.p. creeping ; Crevasse, krev-as', ., a crack or split, esp. applied
pa.t. and As./, crept, [A.S. creopan; Dutch, to a cleft in a glacier. [Fr. crevassecrever, to
kruipen ; L. repo; Gr. kerpd; Sans, srip.] burst, riveL. crepare, to creak, crack.]
fate, far ; me*, her ; mine ; mote ; mute ; mJDn : Men.
 crevice
crevice, kxcv1s,.,<iracorrent; ariarrow opening.
Crew, kruO, n.,iimWot clump of people ; a com
pany, in a bad or contemptuous sense ; a ship's
company. [AS. cread, crutk, a crowd or com
pany; W. crwd, a round lump.] See Crowd.
Crew, kroTJdid crowpast tense of Crow.
Crib, krib, *t., a confined space; the rack or manger
of a stable ; a stall for oxen ; a child's bed ; a
small cottage.v.t. to enclose or confine ; to
snatch or steal '.pr.p. cribbing ; Pa.p. cribbed'.
[A.S. crib; Ger. krippe; Gael, crup, to crouch.]
cribbage, krib'aj, . a game at cards in which the
dealer makes up a third hand to himself partly
by cribbing or taking from his opponent.
Cribble, kribl, n. a coarse screen or sieve, used for
sand, gravel, or corn ; coarse flour or meal. -7 ./.
to siu or riddle. [L. cribellum, dim. of cribrum,
a sieve ; conn, with Sans, kri, to separate.]
Crick, krik, n. orig. a creaking ; a spasm or cramp,
especially of the neck, [from Creak.]
cricket, krik'et, the cricking or creaking insect ;
a genus of insects allied to grasshoppers, which
make a chirping noise with their wing-covers.
Cricket, krik'et, n. a game usually played by two
opposing parties of 1r persons each, with a bats, a
bail, and a wickets of 3 stumps or staves each.
v.i. to play at cricket '.pr.p. crick'eting ; /a./.
cricVeted. [A.S. eric, a staff, a crook.]
cricketer, krik'et-er, one who plays at cricket.
Cried, ]cxldtpa.t. and pa.p. of Cry.
Crime, krlm, . lit. separation, judgment ; a matter
for inquiry or judgment; a violation of law;
offence; sin. [L. crimen; Gr. krima, from
krinS, tojudge ; Sans, kri, to separate.]
criminal, kmnln-al, adj., relating to crime ; guilty
of crime ; violating laws ; abandoned.n. one
guilty of crime.adv. criminally.
criminality, krim-in-all-ti, quality 0/ being
criminal; guiltiness.
criminate, krim'in-at, v.t., to charge with crime ; to
accuse :Pr.p. criminating ; pa.p. crim'inated.
erimlnation, krim-in-3'shun, ., actvfcriminating;
accusation. [ation or accusation ; accusing.
criminatory, krim'tn-a-tor-i, adj.,relatingto crimin-
Crunp, krimp, adj. lit. easily crumbled; contracted;
ridged.v.t., to contract ; toridge; to wrinkle;
to plait; to make crisp; to seize ordecoy iPr.p.
crimping ; pa.p. crimped'.n. one who decoys
another into the naval or military service. [A. S.
acrymman, to crumble ; Ger. knmpen, to shrink ;
W. crimpian, to raise in ridges.]
crimple, krimpl, v. t. to contract or draw together ;
to^ plait ; to curl : Pr.p. crimpling ; Pa.p.
crimpled. [dim. of Crimp.]
Crimson, krim'zn, n. a deep red colour, tinged with
blue ; red in general.adj. of a deep red colour.
v.t. to dye crimson.v.i. to become crimson ;
to blush :$r.p. crim'soning ; pa.p. crimsoned,
[old E. crtmosyn; It. kremisino ; from Ar.
kerme* ( = Sans, krimi, L. vermis, E. worm),
the cochineal insect, from which it is made.]
Cringe, krinj, v.i.. to bend; to crouch with servility ;
to submit ; to lawn ; to flatter :pr.p. cringing ;
pa.p. cringed'. [AS. crincan, cringan; con
nected with Creak, weak.]
cringeling, krinj'ling, n., one who cringes.
Crinlte, krfnTt, adj., hairy; in hot., resembling a
tuft of hair. [L. crinitus, provided with hair
crinis, hair.]
crinoline, krin'o-Un, n. a lady's stiff petticoat,
fate, far ; me, her ; mine ;
Crone
originally made of hair-cloth, but now expanded
by hoops, &c. [Fr. crin, L. crinis, hair, and
hn, L. linum, flax.]
Crinkle. See under Crank.
Cripple, kripl, . lit. a creeper; a lame person.
adj. lame.v.t. to make lame ; to deprive of the
power of exertion '.pr.p. crippling ; pa,p.
crippled, [from root of Creep.]
Crisis, krl'sis, n. lit, a separating, a deciding; point
or time for deciding anythingi. e.t when it must
cither terminate or take a new course ; the
decisive moment.pi. Crises, krl'sffz. [Gr. krisis,
from krind, Sans, kri, to separate.]
criterion, krI-t'ri-on, ., a means or standard of
judging; a test; a rule. [Gr. kritirum, from
kritis, a judgekrind.\
critic, kritllc, one whojudges or examines into
the merit of productions in literature, the fine
arts, &c. ; a fault-finder. [Gr. kritikoskrind.\
critical, krit'ik-al, adj., discerning, judging ; relat
ing to criticism ; skilled in judging literary and
other productions ; discriminating ; accurate ;
captious : indicating a crisis ; decisive ; important.
adv. critically.
criticise, kritl-sTz, v.t., to examine andjudgef to
passjudgment on ; to censure '.pr.p. criticising ;
Pa.p. criticised.
criticism, kritl-sizm, the art or science of criti
cising or judging, esp. in literature or the fine
arts; a critical judgment or observation.
critique, kri-tck', n., a criticism or critical examin
ation of any production ; a review. [Fr.]
Crisp, krisp, adj. lit. curled, wrinkled; so dry as
to be crumbled easily; brittle.v.t. to curl or
twist ; to make wavy '.pr.p. crisping ; Pa.p.
crisped'.adv. crisply* crisp ness. [A.S.
cirps; old Fr. crespe; L. crispus.]
crispy, krisp'i, adj., curled or curly ; brittle.
Criterion, Critic, ftc See under Crisis.
Croak, krOk, v.i. to utter a low rough sound as a
frog or raven ; to grumble ; to forbode evil :
Pr.p. croaking ; Pa.p. croaked'.n. the sound of
a frog or raven. [A.S. cracetan ; Ger. krackxen;
'L.crocio; Gr.krOzd ; from thesound].croaker.
Crochet, krC'sha, n. fancy knitting made bymeans of
a small hook. [Fr., from croc, W. crog, a hook.]
Crock, krok, n. (obsolete) a narrow-necked earthen
vessel or pitcher ; a cup. [AS. croc} Ger. krug;
W. crochan. a pot ; Gael, krog, a pitcher.]
crockery, krolrer-i, ., a number of'crocks ; earthen
ware ; vessels formed of baked clay.
Crocodile, krok'o-dTl, . a large amphibious reptile
inhabiting the large rivers of Asia and Africa,
so called from its resembling a lizard. [Fr. ; L.
crocodilus ; Gr. krokodeilos, a lizard.]
Crocus, krO'kus, *. a genus of early plants with
beautiful flowers, one species of which produces
saffron. [L. crocus ; Gr. krokos; Gael, crock.]
Croft, kroftj n. a small enclosed piece of arable
land adjoining a country house ; a small farm.
[A S. croft ; Gael, croit, a croft.]
Cromlech, kromlek, n. lit. a bending or inclined
flat stone; a rude structure of two or more un
hewn upright stones supporting a large flat
stone, found in various parts of the world, and
supposed to be sepulchres. [W. cromlechcromt
bending, bent, and llech, a flat stone.]
Crone, kron, n. lit a crooningorgroaningsound ; an
old woman, usually in contempt. [Gael, cronan,
Scot, crone, croon, a hollow, continued moan.]
mOte ; mate ; moTJn ; then.
 crony
crony, kror/i, . an old and intimate companion.
Crook, krook, n. lit. what is contracted or bent; a
hook ; a bend ; a staff bent at the end, as a shep
herd's or bishop's; an artifice or trick.v.t. to
bend or form into a hook ; to turn from the
straight line or from what is right.v.u to bend
or be oent :pr.p. crook'ing; pa.p. crooked'. [W.
crog; a hook ; Ice. kraki; Dutch, kroke, a fold or
wrinkle ; connected with Crouch.]
crooked, krook'ed, adj., bent like a crook; not
straight ; deviating from rectitude, perverse.
adv. crook'edly.n. crook'edness.
Crop, krop, n. lit a round knob ; all the produce of
a field of grain ; anything gathered or cropped ;
the craw of a bird.v.t. to cut off the top or
ends ; to cut short or close ; to mow, reap, or
gather:pr.p. cropping; Pa.p. cropped'. [A.S.
crop ; Dutch, crop, the knob ofthe throat ; Gael.
crap, cnaf, a knob; W. crob, a round hunch.]
crop oat, v.t, to appear above the surface ; to come
to light.
Croquet, krOTca, n. a game in which two or more
f>layers try to drive wooden balls, by means of
ong-handied mallets, through a series of arches
set in the ground. [?]
Crosier. See under Cross.
Croat, kros, n. , a gibbet on which malefactors were
hung, consisting of two pieces of timber, one
placed crosswise on the other, either thus t or X ;
the instrument on which Christ suffered, and thus
the symbol of the Christian religion : the suffer
ings of Christ ; anything that crosses or thwarts ;
adversity or affliction in general: a crossing or
mixing ofbreeds, esp. ofcattle.v.t. to mark with
a cross: to lay one body or draw one line across
another ; to cancel by drawing cross lines : to pass
from side to side ; to obstruct ; to thwart ; to
interfere with : to perplex.v.t. to He or be
athwart ; to move or pass from place to place :
Pr.p. cross'ing; pa.f. crossed'. [It. croce; Fr.
croix ; L. crux, ong. an upright post to which
latterly a cross piece was added ; conn, with
Crook by Gael, crocan, a hook, crock, hung; lr.
crochaim, to hang, crock, a gallows.]
cross, kros, adj. , lying across ; transverse ; oblique ;
opposite ; adverse ; ill-tempered ; interchanged.
adv. crossly.n. crou'neu.
crowbill, kros'bil, n. a genus of birds resembling
bullfinches, linnets, &c. with the mandibles of
the bill crossing each other near the points.
crossbow, kros'bO, n. a weapon for shooting arrows,
formed of a bow placed crosswise on a stock.
cross-examine, kros-egz-am'in, v.t. to test the evi
dence of a witness by subjecting him to an ex
amination by the opposite party. n. cross-
examlna/tlon.
cross-grained, kros'-gr3nd, adj., having the grain
or fibres crossed or intertwined : perverse ; con
trary; untractable.
crossing, kros'ing, act ofgoingacross ; a thwart
ing ; a place for passingfrom one side to theother.
crosslet, kros'lct, ., a little cross.
cross-question, kros'-kwest-yun.i/./.to cross-examine.
cross-trees, kros'-trez, n. pieces of timber piaced
across the upper end of the lower masts and top
masts of a ship.
cross-way, kros'-wa, ., a way that crosses another.
crosswise, kros'wlr, adv., crossways; in the form
of a cross ; across.
crosier, krO'zher, n. a staff surmounted by a cross
carried before bishops on solemn occasions, [low
L. crociaL. crux, a cross.]
fate, far ; mi, her ; mine ;
crown-glass
cmss.de, krOT-sSd', a military expedition under
the banner of the cross to recover the Holy
Land from the Turks ; any romantic or hope
less undertaking. [Fr. croisade croix, a
cross.}
crusader, kroTVsSd'er, n., one engaged in a crusade.
Crotch, kroch, n. lit a crook or hook; the angle
formed by the crossing or intersection of two legs
or branches. [Fr. croc, a hook.] See Crook.
crotchet, kroch'et, n. lit a small hook ; a note in
music, equal to half a minim, j : a crooked or
perverse fancy ; a whim or conceit. [Fr. crocket,
diminutive of croc, a hook.] Sec Crochet.
crotchety, _kroch'et-i, adj., having- crotchets or
peculiarities ; whimsical.
Croton, krO'ton, n. a genus of tropical plants, pro
ducing a brownish-yellow oil, having a hot biting
taste. [Gr. krotdn, a tick or mite, which the
seed of the plant resembles.]
Crouch, krouch, v.i., to crook or bow ; to squat or
lie close to the ground ; to cringe ; to fawn :
Pr.p. crouch'ing ; Pa.p. crouched'. [Ice. krokinn,
crooked, bowed down ; W. crwean, to bend.]
Croup, krtJOp, n. lit. a croaking hoarseness ; a
severe disease in the throat of children, accom
panied by a hoarse cough. [Ice. hroPa, to cry ;
Scot, roup, croup, hoarseness : from the sound.]
Croup, kroup, ., a crop or hump; the rump of a
fowl ; the buttocks of a horse ; the place behind
the saddle. [Yr. croupe; It. groppa; Ice. gryPpa,
hunch, hump : allied to Crop.]
crupper, krup'er, ., the croup; a strap of leather
fastened to the saddle and passing under the
horse's tail to keep the saddle in its place.
croupier, kriJD'pi-cr, n. one who sits at the croup or
lower end of the table as assistant-chairman at a
public dinner; a vice-president ; he who watches
the cards and collects money at a gaming-table.
Crow, kr<5, n. a large bird, generally black, which
utters a croaking sound ; the cry of a cock ; a
boast : a large iron bar or lever with a claw, some
what like the beak ofa crow, also called crowbar.
v.t'., to croak; to cry as a cock, in joy or defi
ance ; to boast ; to swagger '.pr.p. crowing ;
Pa.t. crew (krGtJ; or crowed , pa.p. crowed'. [A.S.
craw, a crow : from the sound.]
crowbar, krOrjar, n. Sec under Crow.
crowfoot, krO'foot, . a common weed, the flower
of which is like a crow'sfoot.
Crowd, krowd, . lit. a lump; a number of persons
or things closely pressed together, without order :
the rabble; multitude.v.t. to gather into a
lump or crowd ; to fill by pressing or driving
together ; to encumber by numbers.v.t. to press
together in numbers ; to swarm :Pr.p. crowd'-
ing; Pa.p. crowd'ed. [A.S. cread, cruth; W.
enva, a round lump ; Dutch, kruyden, to thrust,
to push; connected with Curd, Crew.)
Crown, krown, M. lit. a circle, something round, a
garland; the diadem or state-cap of royalty;
regal power : honour ; reward : the top of any
thing, esp. of the head ; completion ; accomplish
ment : a ps. piece stamped with a crown.vd. to
cover or invest with a crown ; to invest with royal
dignity : to adorn ; to dignify : to complete ; to
perfect '.pr.p. crown'ing ; pa.p. crowned'. [Fr.
couronne; L. corona; Gr. korvni; W. crwn,
Gael, cruinn, round.]
crown-guus, krown'-glas, . a kind of windov.--glass,
formed in circular plates or discs.
mOte; mate; mOOn; then.
 crown-prince
crown-prince, krown'-prins, the prince ivho
succeeds to the crown.
Crucial, krbD'shi-al, adj., crosswise or in the form of
a cross ; running across ; testing, searching, from
the practice of marking a testing instance with a
cross to draw attention to it [Fr. crucial, from
L. crux, cruets, a cross.] See Crow.
cruciferous, krCO-sifer-us, adj. in hot., bearing four
petals in the form of a cross. [L. crux, and
fero, to bear. J
cruciform, krOo'si-form, adj., in theform ofa cross.
crucify, krOo'si-fl, v.t. to put to death byfixitig the
hands and fect to a cross; to subdue completely ;
to mortify:Pr.p. crucifying ; Pa.p. cruc'ified.
[Fr. crucifier; L. crucifgo, crucifixuscrux,
andfgo, to fix.] \Jtxed to the cross.
crucifix, krOu'si-fiks, n. a figure or picture of Christ
crucifixion, krO"0-si-nk'shun( n., act of crucifying;
death on the cross, especially that of Christ.
Crucible. See under Cruet.
Crude, \a<SQAt adj. lit. bloody, raw, unripe; in a
natural state ; unaltered by any artificial process ;
rough ; not reduced to order or form ; unfinished ;
undigested ; immature.adv. crudely.n. crude'-
mm, [L. crudus, bloodycruor\ blood.]
crudity, krCOd'i-ti, ., state of being crude; raw
ness ; unripeness ; that which is crude.
cruel, krTO'el, adj., bloody, blood-thirsty ; disposed
to inflict pain, or pleased at suffering ; void of
tity, merciless, savage.adv. cru'elly. [Fr. cruel;
.. crudeliscrudus.]
cruelty, krCB'el-ti, *., quality of being cruel; dis
position to cause pain ; barbarity ; a cruel act.
Cruet, kruu'ct, a smalljar or phial for sauces
and condiments. [Fr. cruc/tette, dim. of cruche,
a jar, from root of Crock.]
cruise, cruse, kroDz, n., an earthen pot ; a small cup
or bottle. [Fr. creuset, from root of Crock.]
crucible, kroD'si-bl, n.t an earthen pot, for melting
ores, metals, &c. [low L. crucibulum, from
root of Crock.]
Crulie, krOOz, v.i., to cross or sail crosswise ; to sail
to and fro ; to rove on the sea :pr.p. cruis'ing ;
Pa.p. cruised'.n. a sailing to and fro ; a voyage
in various directions in search of an enemy, or
for the protection of vessels.n. cruiser, [Ger.
kreuzen, from L. crux, a cross.]
Crumb, krum, ., a small bit or morsel of bread ;
the soft part of bread. [A.S. crume, Gael, criom.)
crumble, krum'bl, v.t. to break into crumbs.v.i.
to fall into small pieces; to decay; to perish:
Pr.p. cnur/bling; pa.p. crum'bled. [dim. of
Crumb ; Dutch, kruimelen ; Ger. krUmeln.]
crummy, krum'i, adj.,full of'crumbs ; soft,
crumpet, krum'pet, . a kind of crummy or soft
cake or muffin.
Crump, krump, adj., humped; shrunk; crooked;
wrinkled. [A.S. crumb; Ger. krumm; Scot.
crummyi a cow with a crumpled horn.]
crumple, krump'l, v.t., to make crump or wrinkled ;
to mark with or draw into folds or wrinkles ; to
crease.v.i. to become wrinkled ; to contract or
shrink '.pr.p. crumpling ; Pa.p. crumr/led.
Crunch, krunch, v.t. a form of Crauncb.
Crupper. Sec under Croup.
Crural, krOo'ral, adj. belonging to or shaped like a
leg. 1 [L. cruralis, from cms, cruris, the leg.]
Crusade,'&c See under Cross.
Crust. See under Cruet.
Crush, krush, v.t. to break or bruise with a crask-
fate, far ; mi, her ; mine ;
Cube
tng noise ; to squeeze together ; to oeat down
or overwhelm ; to subdue ; toruin :Pr.p. crush'-
ing; fa.p. crushed'.n., a crash; a violent
collision and crushing; ruin. [It. crosciare; Sw.
krossa; connected with Crash and Crexe : from
the sound of bruising.]
Crust, krust, n., the hard rindor outside coating of
anything ; the outer part of bread ; covering of a
pie, &c. ; in grol., the solid exterior of the earth.
v.t. to cover with a crust or hard case.v.i. to
gather into a hard crust ; to form into a crust
on the surface \~Pr.p. crusting; pa.p. crust'ed.
[L. crusta; Ger. kruste; W. crest, from cresu, to
harden by heat : perhaps connected with Rusk.]
crusty, krusti, adj. of the nature of, or having a
crust; having a hard or harsh exterior; hard;
snappy; surly.adv. crustily.n. crustiness.
Crustacea, krus-ta'shi-a, n.pl. a class of animals
whose bodies are covered with a crust-like shell
covering, such as lobsters, shrimps, and crabs.
crustaceous, krus-ta'shi-us, crustacean, krus-ta'shi-an,
adj., pertaining to the Crustacea, or shell-fish.
crustacean, krus-ta'shi-an, . one of the Crustacea.
crustated, krus-ta'ted, adj., covered with a crust.
cnutation, krus-tA'shun, n, an adherent crust.
Crutch, kruch, n. a staff with a cross-piece at the
head to place under the arm of a lame person ;
any support like a crutch.v.t. to support on
crutches ; to prop '.Pr.p. crutch'ing ; Pa.p.
crutched'. [A.S. eric; Ger. krUcke; \\..gruccia;
from L. crux, cruets, a cross.]
Cry, krT, v.i. to utter a shrill loud sound, esp.
one expressive of pain or grief ; to lament ; to
weep : to bawl.v.t. to utter loudly ; to proclaim
or make public :Pr.p. cry'ing ; pa.t. and Pa.p.
cried'.n. any loud sound ; particular sound
uttered by an animal ; bawling ; lamentation :
weeping ; prayer ; clamour.pi. Cries. [Fr. crier;
It. grtdare ; L. quiritare, to scream; A.S.
grtrtan ; Sans, gri, to call: from the sound.]
Crypt, kript, . an underground cell or chapel,
especially one used for burial. [Fr. crypte; from
Gr. kryptd, to hide.] [secret; unseen.
cryptic, krip'tik, cryptlcal, krip'tik-al, adj., hidden ;
Cryptogamia, krip-to-gii'mi-a, n. the class of flower-
less plants or those which have theirfructifica
tion concealed. [Gr. kryptos, concealed, and
games, marriage.]
cryptogamic, krip-to-gamik, cryptogamous, krip-
tog/a-mus, adj. pertaining to the Cryptogamia.
Crystal, kris'tal, n. orig. ice; a superior kind of
glass ; in chem.} a piece of matter which has
assumed a definite geometrical form, with plane
faces. [L. crystallus, from Gr. kryslatlos, ice
kryosi icy cold.]
crystal, kris'tal, crystalline, kris'tal-Tn, adj., consist-
ing ofor like crystal, in clearness, &c.
crystallise, kris'tal-!!, v.t., to reduce to the form of a
crystal.v.i. to assume a crystalline form :
Pr.p. crystallising ; Pa.p. crystallised'.
crystallisation, kris-tal-Tz-a'shun, ., the act ofcrys
tallising; the body formed by crystallising.
crystallography, kris-tal-log'ra-fi, ., the science of
crystallisation. [Gr. krystallos,graphs, towrite.]
Cub, kub, n. the young of certain animals, as foxes,
&c. ; a whelp ; a young boy or girl (in contempt).
v.i. to bring forth young :/r./. cubbing;
Pa.p. cubbed'. [Ice. kobbi, a seal, a sea-calf.]
Cube, kub, ., a solid square; a body of six sides,
each having the same extent of surface ; the third
power of a number, as2 X 2 X 2 = 8.v.t. to
mute ; mute ; mCon ; then.
 cubature
raise to the third power '.prj. cubing ;
cubed'. [Fr. cube, L. cuius, Gr. kudos, a die.]
eobature, kub'a-tQr, n., the act of finding the solid
or cubic content of a body ; the result thus found.
cubic, kQb'ik, cubical, kGb'ik-al, adj., having the
form of, or that may be or is contained in, a
cube.adv. cub:ically.
cubiform, kub'i-form, adj., in theform ofa cube.
cuboid, kub-oid\ cuboidal, kQb-oid'al, adj. resem
bling a cube in shape. [Gr. kubos, eidos, form.]
Cubit, ku'bit, n. a measure employed by the ancients,
equal to the length of the arm from the elbow
to the tip of the middle-finger. [L. cubitus, Gr.
hubHon, the elbowroot cub, a bending.]
Cuckoo, koo'kGO, n. a bird which cries cuckoo,
remarkable for laying its eggs in the nests of
other birds. [Fr. coucou, L.cuculus, Sans, koki/a.]
cuckold, kuk'old. m. one who has been cuckooed or
used as some birds are by the cuckoo which lays
its eggs in strange nests ; a man whose wife has
proved unfaithful.v.t. to wrong a husband by
unchastity :Pr.p. cuck'olding ;Pa.p. cuck'olded.
[Fr. cocu, It, cuculo, from L. cuculus.\
Cucumber, kG'kum-bcr, n. a creeping plant, with
large oblong fruit used as a salad and pickle,
[old Fr. coucombre, L. cucumis, cucumerts]
Cud, kud, ft. the food brought from the first stomach
of a ruminating animal back into the mouth and
chewed again. [A.S. cud, a cud, a quid, what
is chewed, from ceoivan, to chew.]
Coddle, kud'dl, v.t'., to cruddle or crowd together;
to crouch together or to lie close and snug
together :pr.p. cuddling ;pa.p. cuddled, [prov.
E. crewdle, to crowd together.] See Crowd.
Cuddle, kud'dl, v.t. to hug ; to embrace ; to fondle.
n, a close embrace, [a form of Coddle.]
Cudgel, kud'jel, n. a heavy staff; a club.v.t. to
beat with a cudgel :Pr.p. cud'gelling ; pa.p.
cud'gellcd. [W. cogelcog, a piece of wood.]
Cudwetd, kud'wSd, n. the popular name for many
species of plants covered with a cottony down,
[probably corrupted from cotton-weed. ]
Cue, ka, ft., a queue, or tail-like twist of hair for
merly worn at the back of the head : a rod used
in playing billiards. [Fr. queueh.cauda, a tail.]
Cue, k0, n. the last words of an actor's speech serv
ing as a hint to the next speaker ; any hint ; the
part one has to play, [from the letter Q, by which
the words were marked, either the first letter of
L quando, when, or ofqualis, what (word).]
Cuff, kuf, a stroke with the open hand.v.t. to
strike with the open hand :pr.p. cuff'ing ; Pa.p.
cuffed'. [Sw. kuffa, to knock, conn, with It
schiaffo, L. and Gr. colapltos, Scot. cluff.\
Cuff, kuf, n. that part of a sleeve which is turned
back from, and thus forms a kind of covering for,
the hand. [prob. from Fr. coijfe, head-dress.]
Cuirass, kwi-ras/, or kwi', n. a defensive covering
for the breast orig. made of leather, afterwards
of iron fastened with straps and buckles, &c.
[Fr. cuirasse, low L. curattaL. corium, skin,
leather; Fr. cuir.] [cuirass.
culraailer, kwi-ras-eV, n. a soldier armed with a
Culdee, kul'de", n. lit. a worshipper ofGod; one of
a number of monks who formerly lived in Scot
land, Ireland, and Wales, [a corr. of L. Cultores
Dei, worshippers of God.]
Culinary, kO/lin-ar-i, adj., pertaining to the kitchen
or to cookery ; used in the kitchen. [L. culin-
anus, from culina, a kitchen.]
f&te, far; me, her; mine;
106
Cumin
Cull, kul, v.t., to collect or gather together; to
select ; to pick out :pr.p. cull'ing ; Pa.p. culled'.
[Fr. cueillir, to gatherL. colligo, to collect
col, together, 2x1a lego, to gather.]
Cullender. Sec Colander.
Culllon, kul'yun, n. a wretch ; a cowardly fellow.
[Fr. colon, a dastard, a poltroon; It coglume,
the testicleL. coleus.)
cully, kul'li, n. (a contr. of Culllon) a mean dupe.
v.t. to deceive meanly '.pr.p. cull'ying; pa.p.
cullied.
Culm, kulm, ., the stalk or straw of corn or stem
of grasses. [L. culmus, a stalk or stem.]
culmiferoui, kul-mifer-us, adj., bearing stalks or
stems. [L. culmus, a stalk, andfero, to bear.]
Culminate, kul'min-at, v. 1., to come to the top ; to be
vertical or at the highest point of altitude :
Pr.p. culminating; pa.p. cul'minSted. [low L.
culmino, from L. culmen, properly columen, a
mountain-top, a summit]
culmination, kul-min-i'shun, n.,act ofculminating;
the top or highest point ; in asIrem., transit, or
passage of a body across die meridian or highest
point for the day.
Culpable, kul'pa-bl, adj., deserving blame; faulty,
criminal.adv. culpably. [L. culpabHis, worthy
of blameculpa, to blameculpa, a fault.]
culpability, kul-pa-bil'i-ti, culpablencn, kul'pa-bl-nes,
n., state ofbeing culpable ; liability to blame.
culprit, kul'prit, ., one culpable or in fault: a
criminal ; in Eng. law, a prisoner accused but
not tried, [prob. for culpit, from a supposed old
E. verb to culpe, old Fr. culperI* culpa, a
fault : or for culpat, from old law I* culpaius, a
person accused.]
Cultivate, kul'ti-vat, v.t., to till or produce by
tillage ; to prepare for crops ; to devote attention
to ; to civilise or refine :-pr.p. cuTtivating ; Pa.p.
cultivated.n. cul'tlvator. [low L. culttvo, cul-
tivatumL. colo, cultum, to tilL]
cultivation, kuI-ti-v.Vshun, n., the act, art, or prac
tice ofcultivating1 civilisation; refinement m
culture, kul'tur, n., cultivation; the state of being
cultivated; advancement or refinement the result
of cultivation.v.t. to cultivate; to improve:
pr.p. oil'turing ; Pa.p. cul tured. [L. cultural
Cultrate, kul'trut, adj. shaped like a coulter or
pruning-knife. [L. cultratusculter, plough
share.] Sec Colter.
Culver, kul'ver, n., a dove. [A.S. culfre.)
Culver, kul'ver, Culrerin, kul'vcr-in, n. an ancient
cannon, so called from its long, thin, serpent-like
shape, or from its being ornamented with the
figures of serpents. [Fr. coulevrine, from coul-
euvre, L. coluber, a serpent]
Culvert, kul'vert, n. an arched passage under a
road or canal used as a water-course, &c.
[probably from Fr. couvert, covered.] See Cover.
Cumber, kum'ber, v. t., to cumulate or heap upon ;
to hinder by loading ; to retard, perplex, trouble :
~Pr.p. cum/bering ; Pa.p. cum'bered. [low L.
combrus, a mound ; Fr. combler, Ger. kumber,
to heapL. cumulus, a heap.]
cumbersome, kum'ber-sum, adj. cumbering; burden
some ; troublesome.
cumbraace, kum'brans, n., encumbrance.
cumbrous, kum'brus, adj., cumbering; hindering;
obstructing ; heavy ; giving trouble.adv. cum'-
broualy.n. cum'brouauess.
Cumin, Cummin, kun/in, n. a plant, the seeds of
mute; mute; mCOn ; Men.
 Cumulate
which are valuable for their carminative quali
ties, [Fr. cumin, L. cteminum, Heb. kammdn.}
Cumulate, kum'Q-lat, v.t., to heap together; to ac
cumulate -pr.p. cum'Qlating ; /a./. cQm'uliUed
[L. cumulo, -aturncumulus, a heap.)
cumulation, kQm'fl-li-shun. Same as Accumulation.
cumulative, kum'u-li-tiv, adj. consisting of parts in
a heap ; increasing by successive additions.
Cuneal, ku'nC-al, Cuneate, kO'ne-at, Cuneiform, kQ-
ne^i-fonn, Cuniform, kQ'ni-fonn, adj., oftheform
ofa wedge. [L. cuneus, a wedge.]
Cunning, kun'ing, adj., knowing; skilful; artful;
crafty.n.knowledge; skill ; facultyofusing strat
agem to accomplish a purpose.adv. cunn'ingly.
(A.S. cunnan, Scot hen, Ger. kennen, to know.]
Cup, kup, n., a round hollow vessel used to contain
liquid ; a drinking-vessel ; the liquid contained
in a cup : that which we must receive or undergo ;
afflictions ; blessings.v.t. to extract blood from
the body by means of cupping-glasses from which
the airhas been exhausted '.pr.p. cupp'ing ;pa.p.
cupped'. [Fr. coupe, It. coppa, A.S. cuppa, Ger.
hop/, a cup, the head ; L. cupa, cuppa, a tub.]
cupboard, kup'bord, or kub'burd, ., a receptacle
/or cups; a place for keeping victuals, dishes,
&c. [Cup, and A.S. bur, a bower, receptacle.]
Cupid, ku'pid, n. the god of love. [L. Cupido
cupio, to desire.]
cupidity, ku-pid'i-ti, n., eager desire/or; covetous-
ness ; lust after. [L. cupiditascupiduscupio.]
Cupola, kQ'po-la, ., a cup-shaped vault on the sum
mit of a tower or steeple; a dome. [It. ; Fr.
coupolecoupe, a cup. See Cup.]
Cupreous. See under Copper.
Cur, kur, n., a small dog ; a degenerate dog, from
cross-breeding; a churlishfellow. [Dutch, horre,
W. cor, a dwarf, anything -small of its kind.]
Curable, Curacy, Curate, &c. See under Cure.
Curb, kurb, v.t., lit. to curve or bend; to bend to
one's will ; to subdue ; to restrain or check : to
furnish with or guide by a curb '.Pr.p. curbing ;
pa.p. curbed'.. that which curbs ; a check or
Hindrance ; a chain or strap attached to the bit
of a bridle for restraining the horse. [Fr. cour
ier, from L. cmrvocurvus, crooked, bent.]
eurb-fltone, kurb'-ston, n. a stone placed edgeways
against earth or stone-work toprevent itsgiving
way.
Curd, kurd, n., milk thickened or coagulated ; the
cheese part of milk, as distinguished from the
whey. [Scot, cruds; Gael, gruth; Ir. cruth,
curd, cruthaim, I milk : conn, with Crowd.]
curdle, kurd'l, v.i., to turn into curd; to congeal ;
to thicken.v.t. to cause to turn into curd, or
to congeal :pr.p. curdling ; Pa.p. curd'lcd.
curdy, kurd'i, adj., like orfull ofcurd.
Cure, kur, n. lit. care; attendance or attention:
care of souls or spiritual charge ; the district
where a spiritual charge is exercised : care of the
sick ; act of healing ; that which heals ; a remedy.
. v.t. to care for or attend to; to heal; to preserve,
as by drying, salting, &c '-pr.p. curing; pa.p.
cured'. [L. cura, solicitude, care.] [abU'lty.
curable, kQr'a-bl, adj., tltat may be cured.n. cur-
curate, ku'rAt, ., one who has the cure or care of
souls, so in Pr. Bk. ; a clergyman in the Church
of England who performs the duties of a rector
or vicar. [Fr. cure"; It. curato; low L. curatus.)
curacy, ku'ra-si, n.t the office, employment, or bene
fice ofa curate.
fate, fir ; me", her ; mine ;
Curry
curative, ku'ra-tiv, adj., relating to the cure of
diseases ; tending to cure.
curator, kQ-r3'tor( n.t one who has the care of any
thing ; a superintendent ; one appointed by law
as guardian. [be cured.
cureless, kur'Ies, adj., without cure; that cannot
curious, kQ'ri-us, adj. lit careful; anxious to learn ;
inquisitive : shewing great care or nicety ; skil
fully made : singular ; rare.adv. cu'rlouaty.n.
cu'riousnesm. (Fr. curieux ; L. curiosuseuro,]
curiosity, ku-ri-os'i-ti, n., state or quality of being
curious; inquisitiveness : that which is curious ;
anything rare or unusual.
Curfew, kur'fQ, n. lit. cover-fire; in feudal times
the ringing of a bell at 8 o'clock, as a signal to
cover or put out all_/7rw and lights. [Fr. couvre-
/eu, from couvrir, to cover, andfeu, fire.]
Curiosity, Curious. See under Cure.
Curl, kurl, v.t. to twist into ringlets ; to coil.v.t.
to shrink into ringlets ; to rise in undulations ;
to writhe ; to ripple ; to play at the game of
curling '.pr.p. curling ; pa.p. curled .n. a
ringlet of hair, or what is hkc it ; a wave, bend
ing, or twist, [orig. emit; Dutch, krullen, Dan.
krolle, to curl.] [cur'liueai.
curly, kurli. adj., having curls; full of curls.n.
curling, kur'ling, n. a game, common in Scotland,
consisting in hurling heavy stones along a sheet
of ice, like playing at bowls.
Curlew, kur'lfl, n. one of the wading-birds having
a very long slender bill and legSj and a short tail.
[Fr. corlieu; probably from its cry.]
Curmudgeon, kur-muj'un, n. lit. a corn-merchant;
an avaricious, ill-natured fellow ; a miser.adv.
curmudgeonly, [old . commudgin, a corrup
tion ofcorn-merchant, because they were supposed
to keep up the price of corn by their avance.]
Currant, kuKrant, n. lit. a Corinth (raisin) ; a small
kind of raisin or dried grape, imported from the
Levant ; the fruit of several garden shrubs,
[from Corinth, in Greece.]
Current, kuVrcnt, adj., running or /lowing; pass
ing from person to person: generally received:
now passing; present.n., a running or /low
ing; a stream ; a portion of water or air moving
in a certain direction ; course.adv. currently.
[L. currens, currentiscurro, cursus, to run.]
currency, ku/ren-si, ., state or quality of being
current ; circulation ; that which circulates, as
the money of a country : general estimation.
curricle, kur'ri-kl, n. lit. a running or race-course;
a two-wheeled open chaise, drawn by two horses
abreast ; a chariot. [ L. curriculum, from curro.]
curriculum, kur-rik'u-lum, n., a course or career,
especially the course of study at a university.
[L.]
cursive, kur'siv, adj., running; Mowing.
cursory, kur'sor-i, adj. lit running; hasty ; super
ficial ; careless.adv. cursorily.
Curry, kur*ri, n. a kind of sauce or seasoning
much used in India and elsewhere, and com
pounded of pepper, ginger, and other spices ; a
stew mixed with curry-powder. [Pers, kh&rdi,
broth, juicy meats, from khUrdan, to eat.]
Curry, kuVri, v.t., to prepare or make ready; to
dress tanned leather ; to rub down and dress a
horse ; to beat ; to scratch :pr.p. cur'rying ;Pa.p.
cur'ried.To curry favour, to seek favour by flat
tery. [Fr. corroyer; It. corredare; conn, with
A. %.ge-radian ; Ice. reida, to set out ; Dan. rede,
to make ready : or from L. corium, skin, hide.]
mate ; mute ; mOon ; then.
 currier
currier, kurYi-r, n., one who curries or dresses
tanned leather.
Curse, ktirs, v.t. to invoke or wish evil upon, by the
sign ofthe cross ; to devote to perdition ; to vex or
torment.v.i. to utter imprecations ; to swear:
PrP- cursing ; Pa.p. cursed'.. the invoca
tion or wishing of evil or harm upon ; evil invoked
on another ; torment.n. curs or. [A.S. cursian,
corsiancurs, a curse: from root of Cross.]
cursed, kurs'ed, adj., under a curse; deserving a
curse ; blasted by a curse ; hateful.
Cursive, Cursory. See under Current.
Curt, kurt, adj., short ; concise.adv. curtly.
. curt'ness, [L. curius, shortened ; Sans, krit,
to cut, separate.]
curtail, kur-tal', v.t. , to cut short ; to cut off a part ;
to abridge :Pr.p. curtailing ; pa.p. curtailed'.
[Fr. court, L. curtus, and Fr. tattler, to cut.]
Curtain, kur'tin, . lit. that which encloses orforms
a court; a hanging cloth used to hang round and
enclose a bed, &c. : the part ofa rampart between
two bastions.v.t. to enclose, or furnish with
curtains :Pr.p. cur'taining ; Pa.p. cur'tained.
[Fr. courtute; low L. cortina ; from L. cors,
cortis, a place enclosed, a court.]
Curtsy, kurr/si. Same as Courtesy.
Curve, kurv, adj., crooked ; bent round.n. any
thing bent ; a bent line ; an arch. v.t., to bend ;
to form into a curve :pr.p. curv'ing ; pa.p. and
adj. curved'. [L. curvus.]
curvated, kur'va-tcd, adj., curved or bent in a regu
lar form. [L. curvo, curvatus, to bend.]
curvature, kur'va-tQr, n., a curving at bending', the
continual bending or the amount of bending from
a straight line. [L. curvatura.]
curvet, kur/ct, n. a certain leap of a horse in
which he gives his body a curve; a leap or
frolic.v.i. to leap in curvets ; to leap ; to frisk :
Pr.p. curVeting ; pa.p. cuiVctcd.
curvilinear, kur-vi-Hn'i-ar, curvilineal, kur-vi-linl-al,
adj., pertaining to or bounded by curved lines.
[L. curvus, and linea, a line.]
Cushat, koosh'at, n. the ring-dove or wood-pigeon,
[prov. E. coivs/tot ; A.S. cusceote.]
Cushion, koosh'un, n. a case filled with some soft,
elastic stuff, for resting on ; a pillow.v.t. to seat
on or furnish with a cushion :Pr.p. cushioning ;
pa.p. cushioned. [Fr. conssin, It. cuscino, from
L. culcitinum, dim. o(culcita, mattress.]
Cusp, kusp, ., a point ; the point or horn of the
moon, &c [L. cuspis, a point.]
cuspidate, kus'pi-dat, cuspidated, kus'pi-d2t-ed, adj.
in bet., having a sharp end orpoint, [L. cuspi-
datuscuspis,,J
Custard, kus'tard, n. a composition of milk, eggs,
&c. sweetened and flavoured. [\V. avstard,
from caws, cheese, curd : L. caseus, cheese.]
custard-apple, kus'tard-ap'pl, n., the fruit of a W.
Indian tree, having an eatable pulp, likcacustard.
Custody, kus'tO-di, ., a watching or guarding;
care ; security ; imprisonment. \L. custodia,
from custos, custodis, a watcher or keeper.]
custodial, kus-to'di-al, adj., pertaining to custody.
custodian, kus-tfl'di-an, ., one tulio has custody or
care, especially of some public building.
Custom, kus'tum, . what one is accustomed to do ;
usage ; frequent repetition of the same act ; the
act or habit repeated : a frequenting of a shop to
buy goods ; regular trade or business: a tax on
goods.//, duties imposed on imports and ex-
f5te, far ; m, her ; mine ;
xo8
Cyclopaedia
ports. [Fr. coutume ; It, costume ; L. consuetude
consuesco, consuetum, to accustom.]
customary, kus'tum-ar-i, adj., accordingto ox estab
lished by custom ; holding or held by custom.
adv. cuf'tomarily.n. cWtomarinesa.
customer, kus'tum-er, ., one accustomed'to frequent
a certain place of business ; a buyer.
custom-house, kus'tum-hous, . the place where
customs or duties on exports and imports arc
collected, and vessels are entered and cleared.
Cut, kut, z'.t. to make an incision ; to cleave or pass
through ; to divide ; to carve or hew : to wound
or hurt; to affect deeply: to castrate.v.i. to
divide or pass through ; to be severed :pr.p.
cutting ; pa.t. and Pa.p. cut.., a little piece
or what is cut off; the act of cutting: a stroke or
blow; a cleft ; a wound : an engraved block, or
the picture from it : a short or near passage :
manner of cutting ; form or fashion. [W, czvta,
short, civtt, a little piece ; Ir. cutaich, to curtail. ]
cutter, kut'er, ., t/u Person or thing that cuts ; a
front cutting tooth; a small swift vessel with
one mast and sharp bows that cut the water.
cutting, kur/ing, ., a dividing or lopping off; an
incision ; a^piccc cut off; a twig.
cut-water, kutwaw-ter, . the fore part of a ship's
prow that cuts the water.
Cuticle, kO'ti-kl, n., the skin ; the outermost or thin
skin. [L. cuticula, dim. of cutis, the skin.]
cutaneous, ku-ta'ne-us, adj., belonging to the skin.
cutlcular, ku-tik'Q-lar, adj. , belonging to the cuticle.
Cutlass, kutlas, n. lit. a small knife; a broad curv
ing sword with one edge. [Fr. coutelas, from L.
cultellus, dim. of culter, a ploughshare, a knife.]
cutler, kutler, ., one ivho makes or sells knives.
[Fr. couteller, from root of Cutlass.]
cutlery, kut'ler-i, ., the business ofa cutler; edged
or cutting instruments in general.
Cutlet, kut'let, n. lit. a little rib; a slice of ment
cut off for cooking, esp. of mutton or veal. [Fr.
cotclettc, dim. oicdte, from L. costa, a rib.]
Cuttle, luill, Cuttle-fish, kut'i-fl-h, n. a mollusc with
an oblong, depressed, sack-like body containing a
knife-like bone, and remarkable for its power of
surrounding itself with a black inky liquid, from
which sepia is made. [A.S. cuddle; YV. gyllell;
Fr. couteau, a knife.]
Cycle, sfkl, n. lit. a circle ; an interval of time in
which events re-occur in a certain order ; an
imaginary circle or orbit in the heavens. [Gr.
kykios, a circle.]
cyclic, sTlilik, cyclical, slldik-al, adj., pertaining to
or containing a cycle.
cycloid, sTlcloia, n. a figure like a circle ; a curve
made by a point in a circle, when the circle is
rolled along a straight line.adj. cycloid's!. [Gr.
kykios, and eidos, form.]
cyclometry, sl-klom'ct-ri, ., art ofmeasuringcycles
or circles. [Gr. kykios, and metron, a measure.]
cyclone, slTclOn, n. a circular or rotatory storm or
hurricane of extended circuit, [from Gr. kykios.]
Cyclopean, sl-klO-pe'an, adj., ofor like the Cyclopes, a
fabled race of giants with one circular eye in the
middle of the forehead ; giant-like ; vast. [Gr.
kykldpeioskykldpskykios, a circle.^/*, an eye.]
Cyclopedia, Cyclopedia, sl-klO-pc'di-a, . lit. a circle
of learning; the circle or compass of human
knowledge ; a work containing information on
every department, or on a particular department
of knowledge.adj. cycloped ic. [Gr. kykios, a
circle, and paideia, learning.]
mOte ; mute ; mGOn ; then.
 Cygnet damn
Cygnet, sig'nct, n., a young swan. [dim. of Fr. I Daffodil, dafO-dil, n. a flower of the lily tribe, also
cygne, L. cygnus, Gr. kykncs, a swan.] called King's spear, [a corruption of Fr. (jfeur)
Cylinder, silln-der, . a solid circular or roller-\'\ke d'aspitodiTe, flower of asphodel, L. asphodelus,
body, whose ends arc equal parallel circles. [Gr. Gr. asphodelos.]
kylindras, from kylindd, to roll.] Dagger, dag'er, n. a short sword for stabbing; a
cylindric, si-lin'drik, cylindrical, si-lin'drik-al, adj., mark of reference in the form of a dagjjcrit).
having theform orproperties ofa cylinder. [Fr. dague, It. daga, W. dagcr, Ir. daigear.]
crlbidrold, sil in-droid, n. a body like a cylinder, Daggle, dagl, v.t. and v.i., to wet or grow wet by
but elliptical. [Gr. kylindros, and eidos, form.] dragging on the wet ground :pr.p. daggling ;
Cymbal, sim'bal, ., a hollow brass, basin-like, Pa.p. daggled, [dim. ofobs. dag, dew. See Dew.]
musical instrument, beaten together in pairs. Daguerreotype, da-ger'O-tTp, n. a method of taking
[h.cymbalum, from Gr. kymbalon-,kymbi, the pictures on metal plates by a camera ; a picture
hollow of a vessel.] thus produced. [Fr. fromDaguerre, the inventor.]
Cynic, sin'ik, cynical, sinlk-al, adj., dog-like; surly Dahlia, dal'i-a, . a garden nlant with a large
and snarling ; austere ; misanthropic.adv. cyn - beautiful flower, and many varieties of different
Iceily. [Gr. kynikos, dog-like, from ky&n, a dog.] colours, [from Dahl, a Swedish botanist.]
cvniclam, sinl-sizm, n., surliness; austerity. Daily. See under Day.
Cynics, sin'iks, n.pl, a sect of ancient philosophers Dainty, dan'ti, adj., toothsome ; pleasant to the
who prided themselves on their contempt for palate; delicious: delicate ; fastidious ; elegant;
everything that renders life pleasant. tender.. that which is dainty, a delicacy.
Cynosure, sin'o-shoor, orsf*, the dog's tail, a con adv. dain'tUy.. daintiness. [W. dain, fine,
stellation containing the north-star ; hence, any dantaidd, a delicacy, from dant, pi. daint, a
thing that strongly attracts attention. [Gr. kyon, tooth ; L. dens, dentis, a tooth.]
hynos, a dog, aura, a tail. ] Dairy, dl'ri, . lit. the occupation ofa dey or dairy
Cypress, sfprcs, n. an evergreen tree whose branches maid; the place where milk is kept, and butter
used to be carried at funerals ; hence, a symbol of and cheese made, [old . & Scot, dey, dairymaid.]
death. [Fr. cypres; L. cuprcssns ; Gr. kyparissos.] Dais, dais, n. a raised floor at the upper end of the
Cyst, sist, n. lit. a chest ; a bag in animal bodies dining-hall where the high table stood ; a raised
containing morbid matter, [from root of Chert.] floor with a scat and canopy, [old Fr. dais,
Czar, zar, . lit a king ; the emperor of Russia. low L. discus, a tableL. discus, a quoit or any
/em. Czarina, za-re'na, the empress of Russia. thing of the same shape.] Sec Deck.
[Russ. tsar/, Croatian, zcar, czeszar, Ger. kaiser, Daisy, da'zi, . lit. the day's eye, a common spring
L. cafsar, a king or emperor.] flower, so called either from closing at night ana
drowitz, zar'o-vits, . the eldest son ofthe czar. opening in the morning, or from a fancied like
(Russ. tsarcivitch, tsesamvitchtsarj, and vits, ness to the sun. [A.S. d&gcs eage, day's eye.]
Norm. fitz, Fr.fils, L.filius, a son.] daisied, du'zid, a*tj., covered with daisies.
Dale, dal, Dell, del, . a low place between hills, as
it were, separating them. [A.S. dal, conn, with
Dab, dab, v.t. to strike gently with something soft da'lan, to divide ; Ger. thai, conn, with theilen,
or moist ; to strike with the hand :Pr.p. dabb Daily,divide.]
to
ing ; Pa.p. dabbed'.n. a gentle blow ; a small idleness orv.i.trifling
dal'i, lit. to be foolish; to lose time by
: to play ;Pr.p. dairying ;
lump of anything soft or moist; a small flat fish Pa.p.
like a flounder, but with a rough back. [Fr. to trifle : acc. to[A.S.
dallied. dot, foolish; Ger. dahlen,
Wedgwood, old E. daly, a die,
dauber, to strike ; connected with Dip.] a playthingL. talus, a die.]
dabble, dabl, v.t., to ivet by little dabs or strokes ; dalliance, dali-ans, dallying, toying, or trifling;
to spatter.v.i. to pkiy in water with hands or interchange of embraces; delay.
feet; to do anything in a trifling way :pr.p, Dam, dam, v.t., to restrain or keep back water by
dabbling; pa.p. dabbled, [dim. of Dab.]
dabbler, dab'lcr, ., one who dabbles or does things adammed'..
bank, or otherwise 'Pr.p. damming
any obstruction built to keep
; pa.p.
back
tn a superficial, trifling way.
dabchlck, dab'chik, n.,a small watcr^w/that dives water. [A.S. demman, Ger. dammen, connected
with L. domo, Gr. damaS, to subdue, restrain.]
or dips up and down in the water.
Dace, das, Dare, dar, Dart, dart, n. a small river fish, Dam, dam, ., a mother, applied to quadrupeds,
[a form of d
so called from the quickness of hs motions. [Fr. dame, dam, . , the mistress ofa house ; a matron :
dard, a dart, this fish; also in Fr. vamtoise.]
Dactyl, dak'til, n. in Latin and Greek poetry, a a noble a lady. [Fr. dame, It. damaL. domina,
mistressdomus, a house.]
foot of three syllables, a long and two short, so damsel, dam'zcl, ., a little
called from its likeness to the joints of afinger; unmarried woman ; a girl.dame[Fr.or demoiselle, lady ; a young
old
in English, a foot of three syllables, with the first Fr. damoisel, dim. of da we.\
accented, as mirvXy. [L. dactylus, Ox.daktylos, Damage, dam'ai, n.t hurt, injury, loss; the value
a finger.]
dactylic, dak-tillk, adj., relating to or consisting of what is lost.//, compensation for loss or
injury.v.t. to harm, injure.v.i. to take in
chiefly ofdactyls.. a line consisting chiefly or jury \pr.p. damaging ; pa.j>. dam'aged. [old
wholly of dactyls. Fr. damage, Fr. dommage, It. dannaggio, from
dactylology, dak-til-ol'o-ji, ., the art oftalkingwith L. damnum, loss, injury.] {damaged.
thefingers, like the deaf and dumb. [Gr. dak- damageable, dam'aj-a-bl, adj., capable of being
tylos, and logos, discourselegd, to speak.] damn, dam, v.t. lit. tobringdamage or loss upon; to
Dad, dad, Daddy, dad"), n., father, a word used by condemn ; to cdndemn to punishment ; to sentence
children. [W. tad; Sans, tata.] to eternal punishment 'Pr.p. dam'ning ; Pa.p.
fate, far ; me, her ; mine ; mOte ; mute ; mtKJn ; Men.
109
 damnable
damned'.n. an oath; a curse. [Fr. damner;
L. damnare, from damnum, loss, penalty.]
damnable, dam'na-bl, adj., deserving or tending to
damnation; hateful; pernicious.adv. damn
ably.n. dam'aablenese. [L. damnabilis.]
damnation, dam-nashun, n., condemnation; sen
tence to eternal punishment. [L. damnatio.]
damnatory, dam'na-tor-i, adj., containing sentence
of condemnation, [L. damnatorius.]
Damask, dam'ask, n . Damascus cloth; figured stuff
orig. of silk, now of linen, cotton, or wool.v.t.
to flower or variegate, as cloth :~-/r./. dam'ask-
ing ; Pa.p. dam'asked.adj. of a red colour, like
that ofthe damask rose. [ Fr. damas, It damasco,
(torn Damascus, in Syria,whereitwasorig. made.]
Damn, &c. See under Damage.
Damp, damp, ft., vaPour, mist; moist air; low-
ness of spirits.pi. dangerous vapours in mines,
&c.v.t. to wet slightly ; to chill ; to discourage ;
to check ; to make dull :pr.p. damp'ing ; Pa.p.
damped'.adj. moist ; foggy. adv. damply.n.
damp ness. [Dutch, damp, Ger. damp/, vapour.]
Damsel. See under Dam, a mother.
Damson, dam'zn, n. lit. the Damascus plum, a
small black plum, [shortened from Damascene
Damascus.]
Dance, dans, v.L orig. to stamp with thefeet; to
move with measured steps to music.v.t. to
make to dance orjump '.pr.p. and is. dancing ;
Pa.p. danced'.n. the movement of one or more
persons, with measured steps to music [Fr.
danser, Sp. dantar, It. dansare, Ger. tansten.)
dancer, danser, ., one whopractises dancing.
dancing, dans'ing, n.t the act or art of moving in
the dance.
Dandelion, dan-de-lfun, n, lit. the lion*s tooth, a
common plant with a yellow flower, so called
from the jagged tooth-like edges of its leaf. [Fr.
dent de Hon, tooth of the lion.]
Dandle, dan'dl, v.t., to Play with ; to fondle or toss
in the arms, as a baby '-Pf-P. dan'dling ; pa.p.
dan'dled. [Ger. tandelntand, a toy ; allied to
Fr. dandiner, Scot, dandill, dander, to go about
idly, to trifle.]
dandy, dan'di, n. a foppish, sillyfellow; one who
pays much attention to dress. [Fr. dandin.]
Dandruff, dand'ruf, n. a scaly scurfwhich grows on
the head, especially under the hair and beard.
[A.S. tan, an eruption, and drag, dirty.]
Dane, dan, n. an inhabitant of Denmark.
Danish, din'ish, adj., belonging to Denmark.
Danger, dan'jer, n. lit. a penalty or loss; a hazard
or risk; insecurity. [Fr. danger; low L. dam-
nariumL. damnum, loss, a fine.]
dangerous, dan'jer-us, adj.,full ofdanger; unsafe ;
insecure.adv. dan'gerously.
Dangle, dang'gl, v.t. to hang loosely or with a
swinging- motion ; to follow any one about.
v.t. to make to dangle :~pr.p. dangling ; P*.P.
dangled. [Dan. dingle, Sw. and Ice. dingia,
to swing to and fro.]
dangler, dang'gler, n., one who dangles about
others, especially about women.
Dank, dangk, adj. a form of Damp.
Dapper, dap'er, adj. orig. brave, valiant; quick;
little and active ; neat ; spruce. [Dutch, dapper,
brave ; Ger. tapfer, quick.]
Dapple, dapl, adj. markedwith spots, like an apple.
v.t. to variegate with spots '.pr.p. dapp'ling ;
Pa.p. dappled, [from Apple.]
fate, far ; me, her ; mine ;
zzo
Daub
Dare, dar, v.L, to be bold enough; to venture:
pa.t. durst.v.t. to challenge; to defy :Pr.j>.
daring; fa.t. and pa.p. dared'. [A.S. dear,
dyrran; Goth, daursun: akin to Gr. tharred,
Sans, dhrish, to be bold.]
daring, dar'ing, adj., bold; courageous; fearless.
n. boldness.adv. dar'lngly.
Dare, dar. Same as Daee.
Dark, dark, adj., without fjght; black or some
what black; gloomy: difficult to understand;
unenlightened ; secret.. absence of light ;
obscurity ; a state of ignorance.adv. darkly.
m. darkneea, [A.S. aeorc; Gael, dorcha, the
opposite of sorcha, light.]
darken, dark'n, v.t., to make dark; to stupify ; to
render ignorant ; to sully.v.t. to grow dark or
darker ipr.p. dark'ening ; A*./, dark'ened.
darkish, dark'ish, adj., somewhat dark; dusky.
darkling, darkling, adj., being in the dark (poet.).
darksome, dark'sum, adj., dark; gloomy (poet.).
Darling. See under Dear.
Darn, darn, v.t., to conceal a hole by mending or
imitating the texture of the stuff '.pr.p. darn
ing ; Pa.p. darned'.n. the place darned, [old
E. derne; A.S. dearne, hidden: or from Ir.
dame, W. darn, a piece, a patch.]
Darnel, dar'nel, n. a weed of the rye-grass genus,
formerly considered injurious to corn, [per
haps from A.S. dorian, to injure.]
Dart, dart, n. a pointed weapon for throwing with
the hand; anything that pierces.v.t. to hurl
suddenly; to send or shoot forth.v.L to start
or shoot forth rapidly 'pr.p. darr/ing ; pa.p.
daifed.adv. darVlngly. [Fr. dard, A.S. darath,
daroth, Ice. darathr, Sw. dart, a dagger.]
Dash, dash, v.t. to strike suddenly or violently ; to
break by throwing together ; to throw water-
suddenly ; to bespatter : to strike or blot out ; to
destroy or frustrate ; to mix or adulterate,v.L
to strike against ; to break against, as water ;
to rush with violence :pr.f. dashing; Pa.p.
dashed'.n. a violent striking ; a rushing or
violent onset ; a blow ; a mark ( ) at a break in
a sentence ; a slight admixture, [imitative of the
sound of a blow or the dashing of water.]
dashing, dash'ing, adj., rushing; reckless ; hasty
and rash.adv. dashingly.
Dastard, das'tard, n. one who is easilyfrightened;
a cowardly fellow.adj. shrinking from danger ;
cowardly.adj. and adv. das tardly.ns. das-
tardneas, daa'tardllnesa. [A.S. a*dastriged, pa-p.
of a-dastrigan, to frighten.]
Data, da'ta, n.fl. facts given or admitted from
which other facts may be deduced.sing, da tum.
[L. datum, data, givendo, to give.]
date, dat, n. the time when a letter is given or
written ; the time of any event ; a stipulated
time; duration.v.t. to affix the date to.v.L
to reckon ; to begin '.pr.p. dating ; pa.p. daVed.
[Fr. date, It data. L. datum.)
dative, dit'iv, adj., thai is given or appointed.n.
the dative case, the case of nouns which follows
verbs expressing giving or some act directed
to the objectgenerally indicated in English by
to orfor. [L. dativus.]
datum, datum, n. See Data.
Date, dAt, n. the fruit of the date-palm, so called
from its fancied resemblance to thefinger. [Fr.
datte, L. dactylus, Gr. daktylos, a finger.]
Daub, daub, v.t., to dab over or smear with soft
mOte ; mQte ; mCon ; Men.
 dauber
matter : to paint coarsely :pr.p. daubing f*a /.
daubed'.n. a coarse painting, [from Dab.]
dauber, daub'er, n., one w/io daubs; a coarse
painter.
Daughter, dawler, n., a female child; a female
descendant.. daogh'ter-in-law, a son's wife.
[A.S. dohter, Scot, dochter, Ger. tockter, Gr.
thugatir, Sans. duhitri.]
daughterly, daw'ter-U, adj., like or becoming a
daughter.n. daugh'terlineii.
Daunt, dint, v.t. lit. to tame; to frighten ; to dis
courage '.pr.p. daunting : Pa.p. daunt'ed. (old
Fr. danter, Fr. dompterL. domitodamo, Gr.
damaS, Sans. dam, to tame ; conn, with Tame.]
dauntless, damlcs, adj., not to be daunted 01
frightened.adv. daonfleaaly.n. daunt'lesaneia.
Dauphin, daw-Yin, n, formerly a name given to the
e ldest son of the kingof France.. Dan phinees,
the dauphin's wife. [Fr., Prov. dalfin, a dolphin,
orig. the title of the lords of Dauphin*, probably
from their crest, a dolphin.]
Davit, davit, n. a spar projecting from a ship, used
as a crane for hoisting the anchor clear of the
vessel. pieces of timber or iron, projecting
over a ship's side or stem, having tackle to raise
a boat by. [ ? ]
Daw, daw, n. a bird of the crowkind, [from its cry-]
Dawn. See under Day.
Day, da, ., the time oflight; the time from morn
ing till night ; twenty-four hours, the time the
earth takes to make a revolution on her axis.
[A.S. d<rg, Ger. tag, Ir. dia, W. diw, JL dies,
Sans, div, from dyu, to shine.]
dally, da'li, adj. and adv., every day.
day-book, da -book, ., a book in which merchants,
&c enter the transactions of every day.
daybreak, da'brik( n., the breaking of day, or first
appearance of light.
day-dream, da'-drim, a dreaming or musing
while awake.
day-lily, da'-liH, a lily that blooms during the
day or for a day only.
daysman, daz'man, n. one who appoints a day to
hear a cause ; an umpire.
dsysprtng, dl'spring, n.t the springingofday; dawn.
day-itar, da'-stir, n., the star which is the last to
disappear before day ; the morning-star.
dawn, dawn, V.i., to become day ; to Degin to grow
light ; to begin to appear :pr.p. and n. dawn'-
ing : Pa.p. dawned'.. daybreak ; first begin
ning or appearance. [A.S. dagiandag, day.]
Dace, dar, v.t. (obsolete) to render dull or stupid:
Pr.p. dazing ; Pa.p. dazed'. [A.S. dwas, dull,
foolish , Scot, daw, to stupefy.]
dazzle, daVl, v.t.. to daze or overpower with any
Strong light or brilliancy 'Pr.p. dazzling ; Pa.p.
dazzled.adv. dazxHngry. [frequentative ofDase. ]
Deacon, delen, n. lit a servant; in the English
Church, the lowest order of clergy, under priests ;
in certain Presbyterian ana Congregational
churches, an officer under the elders ; in Scot,
the master of an incorporated company.-/em.
dea'conees. [L. diaconut; Gr. diakonos.]
deaeonahip, delcn-ship, deaconry, dcTcn-ri, the
office or service ofa deacon.
diaeonal, dl-ak'o-nal, adj., pertaining to a deacon.
dlaconate, dT-ak'o-nat, n., the office ofa deacon.
Dead, ded, adj., having died; deprived of life ; that
never had life ; deathlike : useless ; dull ; cold
and cheerless: without vegetation ; perfect
fate, far ; mc", her ; mine ;
debasement
adv. deadly,n. dead'nesi. [A.S. dead; Goth,
dauths; Ger. todt, for todet, pa.p. of old verb
toden, to die.]
dead, ded, n. the time of greatest stillness..//.
those who are dead,
deaden, ded'n, v.t., to make dead: to deprive
partly of vigour or sensation ; to blunt ; to retard ;
to lessen or obscure '.Pr.p. dead'ening ; Pa.p.
dead'ened. [A.S. dydan, to lull, to put to death.)
deadly, dedli, adj., causing death; fatal; implac
able.n. deadllneas.
dead language, ded lang'gwSg, n. a language no
longer spoken,
dead-letter, ded'-lcter, n. a letter undelivered and
unclaimed.
death, doth, state of being dead; extinction of
life ; manner of dying ; mortality. [A.S. death,
Ger. tod, connected with Gr. thanatos.]
Deaf, dtf, adj. , dulfofhearing ; unable to hear at all ;
not willing to hear; inattentive.adv. deafly.
n. dear new. [A.S. deaf; Dutch, doof; Ger.
taub.)
deafen, defn, v.t., to make deaf, partly or alto
gether ; to stun ; to render impervious to sound :
pr.p. deafening; pa.p. deafened.
deaf-mate, def'-mOt, n, one who is both deaf and
mute or dumb.
Deal, del, ., a Part; an indefinite quantity; a
large quantity ; the act of dividing cards ; one of
the divisions or boards into which a piece of
timber is cut ; a fir or pine board. [A. S. darl;
Ger. theil; Sans, daladal, to split]
deal, del, v.t., to divide, to distribute ; to give out
slowly; to throw about.v.t. to transact busi
ness ; to act ; to distribute cards :pr.p. dealing ;
pa,l. and /**./, dealcd' or dealt (delt). [A.S.
doriandal; Ger. theilentheil.]
dealer, defer, n., one who deals ; a trader.
dealing, deling, n. manner of acting towards others ;
intercourse of trade.
Dean, den, n, lit a chief often men; a superior;
a dignitary in cathedral and collegiate churches
who presides over the other clergy ; the presi
dent of the faculty in a college.n. dean'ahlp.
[old Fr. deant L. aecanusdecern, ten.]^
deanery, dSn'er-i, n., tJte office or jurisdiction of a
dean; the house of a dean.
decanal, dck'an-al, adj., pertaining to a deanery.
Dear, dcr, adj., high in price; costly; scarce;
highly valued ; beloved.n. one who is dear or
beloved.adv. dearly.n.dear'neu. {X.%.deore,
Ger. theuer; old Ger. tiur, precious.]
darling, darling, a little dear; one dearly
beloved ; a favourite. [Dear, and ling.]
dearth, derth, deamess, high price; scarcity;
want ; famine ; barrenness.
Death. See under Dead.
Debar, dC-bar', v.t., to bar outfrom; to exclude ;
to hinder ipr.p. debarring; debarred'.
[L. de, from, and bar.]
Debark, de-bark', v.t. or i. to land from a bark,
ship, or boat, to disembark :pr.p. debarking;
Pa.p. debarked'. [L. de, from, and Bark, a ship.]
debarkation, debarcatlon, d-bark-a'shun, the act
ofdebarking or disembarking.
Debase, d6-Das', v.t., to make base or lower; to
make mean or of less value ; to adulterate :pr.p.
debasing ; pa.p. debased'. [L. de, down, and
Base, low.]
debasement, dc-bas'mcnt, ., act ofdebasing; state
of being debased : degradation.
mOte ; mute; mOOn ; Men.
 debasing decemvirate
debasing, de-baVing, adj., tending to Imoer or de decamperL. de, from, and camp. See
grade.adv. debas'lngly. Camp.] de-kamp'ment, shifting a camp ; a
decampment,
Debate, de-b3t/, n. orig. a fight*, a contention or inarching off. [Fr. decampement.]
beatingnbout in words or argument.v.t. to con Decanal. See under Dean.
tend for in argument.v.i. to deliberate ; tojoin J
in debate :/r./. debasing \Pa.p. debaYed.. Decant, de-kant\ v.t., to cant or pour from the
debater. [Fr. de, and battre, to beat.] See Beat, edge Pr.p.
ofa vessel ; to pour off, leaving sediment :
dficanr/ing ; pa.p. decant'ed. [Fr. de
debatable, de-bat'a-bl, adj. liable to be disputed. canterde, from, and Cant.]
Debauch, de-bawch', v.t. lit. to lead from tlte decanter, de-kant'er, ., a vessel for Holding de
straight course; to lead away from duty or alle canted liquor ; an ornamental bottle.
giance : to corrupt with lewdness.v.i. to in Decapitate,
dulge in revelry :Pr.p. debauch'ing ; pa.p. to beheadde-kapl-tiit, v.t., to take the headfrom ;
:Pr.p. decapitating ; Pa.p. decap'-
debauched'.n. a fit of intemperance or de
bauchery. [Fr. debaucherde, from, and old Fr. itatcd. [It., low L. decapitareL. de, from,
bauche, a row or course, as of bricks.l and caput, capitis, the head.]
debauchee, deb'o-she, ., onegiven up todebauchery; decapitation, de-kap-i-ta'shun, n., Vie act of be
heading.
a libertine.dC-bawch'er-i, n., a debauching; cor Decapod, dek'a-pod, n. one of the shell-fish which
debauchery,
ruption of fidelity ; seduction from duty ; exces have tenfeet or claws, as the crab, [Gr. deka,
sive intemperance ; habitual lewdness. ten, and Pcus, podos, a foot.]
Debenture, dS-bcnt'Qr, n. an acknowledgment of a Decarbonise, de-kar'bon-Tz, v.t., to depriveofcarbon,
debt ; a certificate entitling an exporter of im [de, from, and Carbon.]
ported goods to a drawback or repayment of the Decaatyle, dck'a-stll, n. a portico with ten styles or
duty paid on their importation. [L. debentur, columns in front. [Gr. deka, ten, stylos, a cojumn.]
there are due, 3d person pi. of debeo, to owe.] Decasyllabic, dek-a-sil-ab ik, adj-> having ten syl
Debilitate, di-bU'i-tat, v.t., tomake unable or weak; lables. [Fr. decasyllabiqueGr. deka, ten, syl~
to impair the strength o(:pr.p. debilitating ; labi, a syllable.]
Pa.p. dCbil'itated. [L. debilito, debilitatus Decay, d6-ka', v.i, to fall away from a state of
debilis, weakde, not, habilis, able.] Sec Able.
debility, dS-bil'i-ti, n., weakness and languor; a health or excellence ; to waste away '.pr.p. dS-
caying ; Pa.p. decayed'.n. a falling into a worse
weak action of the animal functions. or less perfect state ; a passing away, [old Fr.
Debit, dcb'it, a debt or something due ; an entry decaer. It. decadereL. de, from, cadere, to fall.]
on the debtor side of an account,v.t. to charge decadence, diJ-kft'dens, decadency, dc"-ka'den-si,
with debt ; to enter on the debit or debtor side state of decay. [Fr. low l., decadentia.]
of an account:pr.p. debating; Pa.p. deb'ited. deciduous, de-sid'Q-us, adj., falling off; that fall
[L. debitum, what is due, from debeo, to owe.] in autumn, as leaves ; not permanent.n. dedd'-
debt, det, n., what one owes to another ; what one [L. deciduusdecido, from de, cado.\
becomes liable to do or suffer. [L. debitum.] Decease, de-ses', v.i., to cease to live ; to die :Pr.p.
debtor, det'ur, n.,onewho OTtvjadcbt : the side ofan deceasing
account on which debts are charged. [L. debitor.} decesseL.; decessusde,pa.p. deceased'.n. death, [old E.
away, cede, cessus, to go.J
Debonair, deb-o-naV, adj., 0/good air or appear Deceit, Deceitful. Sec under Deceive.
ance and manners ; elegant ; courteous. [Fr. de, Deceive, de-sev, v.t., to catch, to ensnare, to mis
of, bon, good, air, appearance, manner.]
Debouch, dS-bo<3sh', v.i. to march outfrom a narrow lead ; to cause to err ; to impose on ; to disap
passoT confined place :Pr.p. dfibouch'ing ; pa.p. point ; to cheat :pr.p. deceiving ; pa.p. de
debouched'. [Fr. deboucherde, from, bottche, deceptusde,decelv'er.
ceived'.n. [Fr. decevoirL. decipere,
intensive, caf>ere, to take, catch.]
the mouthL. bucca, the check.]
debouchure, da-boU-shGOr', ., t/te mouth of a river exposed to imposture.n. that
decelvahle, d5-seVa-bl, adj., may be deceived ;
decelv'ableness.adv.
or strait. deceiv'ably.
Debris, da-ore", ., bruised or broken pieces of deceit, de-scV, n., act of deceiving; anything in
anything, esp. of rock ; rubbish ; ruins. [Fr., from tended to mislead another, [old E. deceipt, old
bnser, Gael, oris, to break ; akin to Bruise.] Fr. decepteL. deceptus.]
Debt, Debtor. See under Debit. deceitful, de'-sSt'fool, adj., full of deceit disposed
Debut, dc-bu' (w sounded as in Scot, gude), n. lit. fully.n. or tending to deceive ; insincere.adv. deceit'-
decelt'fulneu.
the first cast or throw at play ; a beginning or deception, de-sep'shun,
first attempt ; a first appearance before the public, of being deceived ; n., act of deceiving; state
the means by which it is
as of an actor, &c. [Fr.but, aim, mark.] sought to deceive. [L, deceptio.]
Decade, de-kad', n. an aggregate of ten. [Fr. d/cade deceptive, d^-sep'tiv, adj., tending todeceive.adv.
L. decas, decadis, Gr. dekasdeka, ten.] decep'tlvely.n. decep'tiveneai.
Decadence. See under Decay.
Decagon, dek'a-gon, n. a plane figure of ten angles December, dS-sem'ber, the tenth month, among
the Romans, who began their year with March ;
and sides. [Gr. deka, andgdnia, an angle.] with us, the twelfth month ofthe year. [L. decern,
Decahedron, dck-a-hC'dron, n. a solid figure having ten, and Sans, vara, Pers. bar, time, period.]
ten bases or sides. [Gr. deka, and hedra, a scat, Decemvir, d**-scm'vir, n., one of ten magistrates
a baseJudos, a sitting placehexomai, to sit.] who at one time had absolute power in Rome :
Decalogue, dek'a-log,- ., the ten commandments. pi. Deoem'virs or (L.) Decemviri, d-sem'vi-rl.
[Gr. deka, ten, logos, a discourse, a proposition.] [L. decern, ten, and vir, a man.]
Decamp, dc-Uamp', v.i. lit. to go from or shift a decemvirate, dS-sem'vir-at, n. a body of ten men in
camp; to go away, especially secretly. [Fr. office ; the office or term of office of decemvirs.
fate, far; me", her; mine ; mote; mate; mOon; then.
 Decency
See under Decent.
7, de-sen'ar-i, n. a period of ten years. [L.
decern, ten, and annus, a year.]
dacennud, do-sen yal, adj. consulting of, or hap
pening every ten years.
Decent, dfi'sent, adj., becoming; seemly; proper:
modest : moderate ; tolerable.adv. decently.
[L. decens, decentis, pr.p. ofdecet,\tis becoming.]
decency, de'scn-si, n., state of being decent; that
which is becoming orproper ; modesty. [L.decen-
Deceptlon, Deceptive. See under Deceive. tta.]
Decide, de-sTd', v. t. lit. to cut off; to determine ; to
end ; to settle 'Pr.p. dccld ing ; pa.p. decTd'ed.
[Fr, decider, L. deciderede, away, cado, to cut]
decldable, de-sld'a-bl, adj., capable ofbeingdecided*
decided, de-sTd'cd, adj., determined'; clear, unmis
takable ; resolute.adv. dedd'edly.
decision, de-sizh'un, the act of deciding; deter
mination ; settlement : quality of being decided,
decisive, d-sl'siv, adj., having thepower of decid
ing; final; positive.adv. decisively.n. de-
See under Decay.
, dcsl-mal, adj. numbered or proceeding by
tens.n. a fraction having ten or some power
often for its denominator.adv. dec'lmally. [Fr.
low L. decimalisdecern, ten.]
decimate, desl-mat, v.t., to take the tenth part of;
to put to death every tenth man %pr.p. deci
mating '.pa.p. dec imated. [L. decimo,decimatus
dectmus, tenth.]n. declinator,
decimation, des-i-ma'shun, n., the act of decitnat-
i*gl a selection of every tenth by lot.
Decipher, dc-sffer, v.t., to un-cipher or take out of
secret writing ; to make out what is unintellig
ible or obscure :Pr.p. deciphering ; Pa.p. dcl/-
phered. [L. de, negative, and Cipher.]
decipherable, de-sl'fer-a-bl, adj., that may be deci
phered.
Decudon, Decisive. See under Decide.
Deck, dek, v.t., to cover; to clothe ; to dress gaily;
to adorn ; to furnish with a deck, as a,vessel :
Jh-.p. dcck'ing; Pa.p. decked'.w. a covering;
the floor or covering of a ship. {A.$.decan;
Gcr. decken ; akin to h. lego, Gr. stcgd, to cover.]
decker, dck'er, n. the person or thing that decks;
a. vessel which has a deck or decks.
dC-klam', v.i. lit. to call out much; to
speak loudly or earnestly ; to speak in public :
Pr.p. declaiming ; Pa.p. declaimed'. [L. de-
clamode, intensive, clamo, to cry out.)
deelaimaat, dC-klam'ant, declaimer, dS-klam'er, n.,
one ivlw declaims; one who speaks for rhetorical
purposes or for display.
declamation, dek-la-ma'shun, act of declaim
ing ; a public speech ; display in speaking.
declamatory, de-klam'a-tor-i, adj., relating to de
clamation ; appealing to the passions ; noisy and
rhetorical merely.
Declare, d5-klaV, v.t. lit. to make quite clear; to
make known ; to shew plainly to others by
words ; to assert.v.t. to make a declaration :
Pr-P- declaring ; declared'. [Fr. declarer,
from L. declaro, declaratnsde, sig. complete
ness, claro, to make clearclarus, clear.]
declaration, dek-la-ra'shun, n., act of declaring;
that which is declared ; a written affirmation.
declarative, de-klar'a-tiv, declaratory, dc-kWa-tor-i,
adj., making declaration; explanatory.advs.
decUr'atively, declar'storily.
fate, far ; me, her ; mine ;
decorum
Decline, de-klln', v.i., to bend or turn away from
[a straight line] ; to deviate : to refuse : to bend
down ; to fail or decay ; to draw to an end.v.t.
to bend down : to turn away from ; to refuse ;
to avoid : Ingram., to give the changes of a word
in the oblique cases '.Pr.p. declining ; Pa.p.
declined'.n. a falling off; deviation; decay;
a gradual sinking of the bodily faculties, con
sumption. [Fr. declinerL. de, down, away
from, ctino, Gr. klind, to bend.]
declension, dc-klen'shun, n.,act ofdeclining; tend
ing to decline; decay; descent: in gram.,
change of termination for the oblique cases.
declinable, df-klln'a-bl, adj., that may be declinedI
having inflection for the oblique cases,
declination, dek-lin-a'shun, ., act of declining;
deviation ; decay : in astr., the.distance from the
celestial equator.
declivity, de-klivl-ti, n. a place that declines or slopes
downwards; inclination downward; a gradual
descent. [L. declivitasdeclivis, from de, down*
wards, clivus, sloping, akin to clino.]
declivitous, dc-khVi-tus, declivous. d-kliVus, adj.,
having a declivity; descending gradually.
Decoct, dC-kokt', v.t., to extractfrom by boiling i
to digest by heat:Pr.p. decocting; Pa.p. dfi-
coct'ed. [L. decoquo, decoctusde, from, coquo,
to boil.]
decoction, d-kok'shun, ., act of decocting; an
extract of anything got by boiling.
decoctive, de-kok'tiv, adj., easily decocted.
Decollate, dS-kol'St, v.t., to take offfrom the neck;
to behead :Pr.p. decollating ; Pa.p. decoll'ated.
[L. decollode, from, collum, the neck.]
decollation, de"-kol-a'shun, n. the act of beheading.
Decolour, dr-kul'ur, Decoloorlse, dff-kul'ur-Iz, v.t., to
defrive ofcolour :pr.p. decolouring, dccol'our-
Ising ; Pa.p. decol'oured, decolourised. [Fr. de-
colorer, L. decolorode, from, color, colour.]
decolorant, de-kul'ur-ant, n. a substance that
bleaches or removes colour.
decoloration, di-kul'ur-a-shun, n.t the removal or
absence ofcolour.
Decompose, dc'-kom-poY, v.t., to separate the parts
composing anything ; to resolve into original
elements pr.p. decomposing ; pa.p. decom
posed'. [L. de, sig. separation, and Compose.]
decomposable, de-kom-poVa-bl, adj., capable qf
being decomposed.
decomposition, dfi-kom-pO-zish'un, act of de
composing; state of being decomposed; decay
or dissolution.
Decompound, dC-kom-pound', v.t., to compound
again ; to compound thingsalready compounded :
pr.p. decompounding ; pa.p. decompound'ed.
fj. compounded a second time.adj. <
pound able. [L. de, intensive, and compound. ]
>ecorate, dek'a-nit, v.t., to ornament, adorn; to
beautify :~Pr.p. dec'orating; Pa.p. decorated.
[L. decoro, decoratusdecus, what is becoming,
*, from decet, it is becoming.]
ihun, act' <of decorating;
anything that heightens beauty,
decorative, dck'6-ra-tiv, adj., decorating; adorn
ing ; suited to adorn,
decorator, dek'G-ra-tor, n. . one who decorates.
decorous, de-kfl'rus, adj., becoming; suitable;
proper; decent.--adv. deco'roualy. [L. decorus.}
decorum, dc"-kG'rum, n. that which is becoming in
outward appearance ; propriety of conduct ;
decency. [L. neuter of decorus.}
mOtc ; mute ; mCOn ; Men.
"3
 Decorticate
Decorticate, de'-kor'ti-kat, v.t., to deprive of the
barkt husk, or peel -.pr.p. decorticating ; Pa.p.
decorticated. [L. decortico, decorticatusde,
from, and cortex, bark.] See cortical.
decortication, dfi-kor-ti-ka'shun, ., ike act ofstrip-
ping offbark or husk.
Decoy, de-koy\ v.t.. to allure, entice; to entrap;
to lure into a trap or snare :Pr.p. decoding ;
fa.p. decoyed'.n. anything intended to allure
into a snare. [L. de, and coy, old verb, to entice :
or corr. of duck-coy, from duck, and Dutch,
koye, a cage, from the practice of entrapping
water-fowl Dy means of a duck trained to lead
them into a cage or other enclosure.]
Decrease, dS-kreV, v.i. lit. to grow less; to become
less, in any sense.v.t. to make less ; to lessen
gradually :Pr.p, decreasing ; Pa.p. decreased'.
n. a growing less ; loss.adv. decreaeingly.
[Fr. decroitre, Prov. decreisser, from L. decresco
de, from, and cresco, to grow.]
decrement, dck'rC-ment, n.,a decreasing orgrowing
less; the quantity lost by decrease. [L. decre-
nuntum, for decrevimentumdecresco.]
decrescent, de'-kres'ent, adj., becoming gradually
less. [L. decrescens, pr. p. of decresco.]
Decree, df-kre7, n.t a decision or judgment; an
order by one in authority ; an established law :
a predetermined purpose.v.t. to decide or de
termine by sentence in law ; to appoint.v.i. to
make a decree '.pr.p. decreeing ;Pa.p. decreed'.
[L. decemo, decretum, to decide.]
decretal, dS-lcrctal, adj., pertaining to a decree.
n. a decree, esp. of the pope ; a book containing
decrees ; a collection of the pope's decrees, [L.
decretalisdecemo.]
decretive, d-kr'tiv, adj. having the force of a
decree.
decretory, deVrt-tor-i, adj. established by a decree;
determining ; judicial.
Decrepit, dfi-krej/it, adj. lit. noiseless; creeping
about quietly ; worn out by the infirmities of old
age ; in the last stage of decay. [Fr. decrepit,
from L. decrepitus. noiseless, very oldde, not,
crepe, to rattle, make a noise.]
decrepitate, df-krepi-tat, v.i., to crackle, as salts,
when heated.v.t. to roast so as to cause a con*
tinual crackling '.Pr.p. decrepitating ; pa.p.
decrepitated. [L. de, intensive, crepito, crepi
tustus, to rattle much, frequentative of crepo. ]
decrepitation, dC-krep-i-ta'shun, n., the act ofdecre
pitating; the separation ofparts with a crackling
noise occasioned by heat,
decrepitude, dS-krepi-tQd, ., state of being de
crepit or worn out with age.
Decrescent. See under Decrease.
Decretal, &c. See under Decree.
Decry, dS-Icri*, v.t., to cry down; to condemn; to
blame :pr.p. decrying ; pa p. decried'. [L. de,
down, and Cry.]
decrial, dC-krlal, a crying down; clamorous
cond emnation.
Decumbent. dC-kunVbent, adj., lying down; reclin
ing on the ground.adv. decum'bently, [L. de-
cumbens, decumbentis, pr.p. of decumbode,
down, and cumbo, for cubo, to lie.]
deenmbence, di-kum'bens, decmnbency, de-kuniben-
si, n.t the act or posture oflying down.
Decuple, dek'Q-pl. adj., tenfold.n. a number ten
times repeated.v.t. to make tenfold:Pr.p.
dec'flpling ; Pa.p. decupled. [Fr. decupleL.
fate, far ; mfi, her ; mine ;
Deface
decern, ten, and filico, to fold ; Gr. dekaplous
deka, ten, and plekd, to fold.]
Decnrrent, dfi-kur'ent, adj., running or extending
downwards.adv. decwr'ently. [L. decurrrns,
pr.p.ofdecurrode, dovm,curro, currutn, torun. J
decuralve, dfi-kur'siv, adj., running denvn.adv.
decnr'ilvely.
Decussate, de-kus'3t, v.t. to cross in the form of an
X : to cross, as lines, &c. 'Pr.p. decussating ;
Pa.p. decuss'iited. adj. crossed ; arranged in
pairs which alternately cross each other. [L,
decusso, decussatusdecussisdecern asses, ten
units, the number ten ( X ).]
decussation, dc-kus-a'shun, n. a crossing at an acute
angle ; an intersection in the form of an X.
Dedicate, ded'i-kit, v.t. lit to declare; to set apart
and consecrate to some sacred purpose ; to devote
wholly or chiefly : to inscribe to any one :-pr.p.
dedicating ; Pa.p. dedicated. [L. dedico, dedi-
catusde, down, dice, to declare.]
dedication, ded-i-ka'shun, ., the act ofdedicating;
an address to a patron, prefixed to a book,
dedicatory, dedl-ka-tor-i, adj., composing or serving
as a dedication.
Deduce, dS-dils'. v.t., to draw from; to infer or
gather a truth or opinion from what precedes or
from premises :pr.p. deducing ;Pa.p. deduced'.
[L. de, from, duco, dactum, to lead.]
deducement, d5-dus'ment, n., the thingdeduced; an
inference.
deduclble, di-dQsi-bl, adj. , that may be deduced or
inferred.
deduct, de-dukr/, v.t., to take from; to separate;
to subtract ;Pr.P. deducting ; Pa.p. deoucted.
deduction, de-duVsnun, n., the act of deducing;
that which is deduced ; inference : act ofdeduct
ing; that which is deducted ; abatement.
deductive, de-duk'tiv, adj., that is, or may be de
duced from premises.adv. deductively.
Deed, ded, n. something done ; an act ; an exploit :
a legal transaction ; the written evidence of it.
[A.S. daddon, to do ; Ger. thatthun, to do.]
deedless, dedies, adj. , not havingperformed deeds.
Deem, dfrn, v.t or i., tojudge; to think ; to believe :
Pr.p. deeming ; pa.p. deemed'. [A.S. demon,
to form a judgmentdom, judgment]
Deep, dep. adj. admitting of dipping, diving, or
going downwards ; extending far down or far
from the outside : difficult to understand ; secret :
wise and penetrating ; cunning : very still.; pro
found ; intense ; sunk low ; low or grave.n. that
which is deep ; the sea : any thing profound or
incomprehensible.adv. to a great depth ; pro
foundly.adv. deeply.n. deepness. [A.S. deep;
dippan, to dip ; akin to Dtp, Dive, Dock.]
deepen, dep'n, v. t., to make deeper in any sense ; to
increase.v.i. to become deeper '.pr.p. deep/-
ening ; Pa.p. deep'ened.
depth, depth, ., deepness; the measure ofdeepness
down or in : a deep place ; the sea : the middle, as
depth of winter : abstrusencss ; extent of sagacity
and penetration.adj. depthleea.havingnodepth.
Deer, der, n. lit an animal, a wild beast ; a
auadrupedofseveral species, as the stag, reindeer,
:c. [A.S. deor, Ger. thier, Gr. tkir, L.fern.)
dcpr-stalking. deYstawk-ing, n. the hunting of deer
by stalking, or stealing upon them unawares.
[See Stalk, to walk.]
deer-iteiker, deV-stawk-er, . one who practises
deer-stalking.
Deface, de-fas', v.t., to destroy or mar the face or
mOte ; mate ; moon ; Men.
 defacement
ia1 appearance of, to disfigure ; to obliter-
\4. defacing; pa.p. defaced'. [L. de,
from, and Face.]
defacement, dtJ-fas'ment, n. , act of'defacing ; injury
to form or appearance ; that which defaces.
Defalcate, de-fallcSt, v.t lit. to cut off as with a
sickle; to deducta part of, used chiefly of money,
&c. '.pr.p. defal'cSting ; Pa.p. defalcated, [low
L. defalco, defalcatesL. de, off, and falx,
falcis, a sickle.]
defalcation, de-fal-ka'shun, n., a cutting off"; a dim
inution : a deficit of funds intrusted to one's care.
Defame, d-fam't v.f., to take away or destroy the
goodfame or reputation of; to speak evil of :
pr.p. defaming ; pa.p. defamed'.n. defam'er.
. [L. de, priv., and Fame.]
defamation, def-a-ma'shun, ., the act ofdefaming;
calumny ; slander,
defamatory, d-fam'a-tor-i, adj., containing de
famation; injurious to reputation ; calumnious.
Default, de-fawit*, **., a fault,failing, orfailure;
defect ; neglect to do what duty or law requires;
offence.v.i. to fail through neglect of duty ; to
fail to appear in court when called upon :pr.p.
defaulting ; Pa.p. default'ed. [L. de, inten. and
Fault]
defaulter, de-fawlt'er, n., one who defaults, parti
cularly one who fails to account for money
intrusted to his care.
Defeasance, Defeasible. See under Defeat.
Defeat, de-fit', v.t, to undo or render null and
void ; to frustrate ; to overcome ; to ruin '.pr.p.
defeating; Pa.p. defeated.n., an undoing; a
frustration of plans ; overthrow, as of an army in
battle. [Fr. defaited/faire, to undodi~ L.
dis, asunder, and Yt.faire, \*.faeere, to do.]
defeasance, dc-fcz'ans, . lit. a defeat; in taw, a
condition annexed to a deed, which, being per
formed, renders the deed void. [Norm, defe-
sancedifesant, Fr. defaisant, pr.p. of dtfaire.}
defeasible, de-feYi-bl, adj. , that may be defeated
or annulled.n. defeaslblenesi.
Defecate, def-kat, v.t, to clearfrom dregs or im
purities ; to purify from extraneous matter :
pr.p. defecating ; pa.p. defecated. [L. defieco,
defttcatus, to cleansede, from, fsex, feeis,
dregs.]
defecation, def-e-ka'shun, n. the act of separating
from impurities.
Defect, de>fekt', ., a deficiency; something not
done that ought to have been done ; a want ;
imperfection; blemish; fault [L. deficio, de
fectus, to be wantingde, neg., axidfacio, to do.]
defection, dej-fek'shun, n., a falling away from
duty; revolt.
defective, dS-fek'tiv, adj., having defect; wanting
in some necessary quality ; msumcientadv.
defectively.n. defect
deficient de-fish ent, adj., defective.. [L. deficient,
deftcirntis, pr.p. of de/icio.]
deficiency, dO-iish en-si, n., state ofbeingdeficient ;
defect.
deficit defi-sit deficiency ; want [L., it is
wanting, 3d per. sing, of deficio. j
Defend, de-fend', v.t. lit. tofend or ward off; to
keep off anything hurtful ; to guard or protect ;
to maintain against attack ; in law, to resist as
a claim ; to contest -.pr.p, defending ; pa.p.
defended.n. defend er. [L. defendo, to ward
offde, off, and obs. fendo, to strike.]
defendable, de-fend'a-bl, adj., that maybe defended.
fate, far ; nit, her ; mine ;
deflorate
defendant, dC-fend'ant, n., a defender; in law, a
person accused or sued.
defence, de-fens', n., a defending; that which de
fends ; protection ; vindication ; in law, a de
fendant s plea.defene'ed, pa.p. in B., fortified.
defenceless, d-fens'les, adj., without defence.adv.
defenceletsly.n. defencelessness.
defensible, de-fens'i-bl, adj., that may be defended.
n. defenslbil'lty.
defensive, de-fens'iv, adj., serving to defend; in a
state or posture of defence.n. that which de
fends ; posture of defence.adv. defensively.
Defer, de-fer', v.t, to put off to another time ; to
delay:pr.p. deferring; pa.p. deferred'. [L.
differodis, asunder,fero, to bear, carry.]
Defer, de-fcr/, v.i., to bear one's selfdown or yield
to the wishes or opinions of another, or to
authority.v.t. to submit to or lay before :Pr.p.
deferring ; Pa.p. deferred'. [L. deferode, down,
andfero, to bear.]
deference, defer-ens^ n., a deferring or yielding in
judgment or opinion ; regard; submission.
deferential, def-er-en'shal, adj., expressing defer
ence or respectadv. deferen tially.
Defiance. See under Defy.
Deficient, Deficit See under Defect.
Defile, de-fTl', v.i. to march off infile or line, or file
by file ipr.p. defiling ; Pa.p. defTied'.n. along
narrow pass or way, in which troops can march
only infile, or with a narrow front. [Fr. d/filer
L. dis, andfllum, a thread. See File.]
Defile, de-fll', v.t., to make foul; to pollute or cor
rupt ; to violate **Pr.p. defIllng ; Pa.p. defiled'.
n. defll'er. [A.S.jylan, gefylan, to pollute.)
defilement, d5-fIl'mcnt, ., act of defiling; foulness.
Define, de-fTn', v.t., tofix the bounds or limits of;
to determine with precision ; to describe accu
rately ; to fix the meaninjrof '.pr.p. defining;
Pa.p. defined'. [L. definio, definitus, to set
bounds tode, andfinis, a limit.]
definable, de-fln'a-bl, adj., that may be defined.
definite, defi-nit, adj., defined; having distinct
limits; fixed; exact; clear.adv. definitely.
n. deflnltenesi.
definition, deM-nish'un, n., a defining; a descrip
tion of a thing by its properties; an explanation
of the exact meaning of a word, term, or phrase.
definitive, de-finl-tiv, adj., defining or limiting;
positive; final.n. in gram., an adjective used
to limit the extent of the signification of a noun.
adv. definitively.
Deflagrate, defla-grat, v.i. or v.t., to bum down ;
to burn with suddenness and sparkling '.pr.p.
deflagrating ; pa.p. deflagrated.n. deflagra'-
tlon. [L. defiagrode, down, smdflagro, to burn.]
deflagrator, defla-gra-tor, n. a galvanic instrument
for producing rapid combustion.
Deflect, dc-flekt*, v.i. or v.t, to turn aside; to
swerve or deviate from a right line or proper
course :Pr.p. deflecting ; pa.p. deflected. [L.
de, from, andffecto, to bend, turn.]
deflection, de-flck'shun, n.,a turningaside;deviation.
Deflorate, Defloration. See under Deflonr.
Deflour, de-flour*, v.t., to deflower or deprive of
flowers ; to deprive of original grace and beauty ;
to ravish '.Pr.p. deflourlng ; Pa.p. dfloured\
n. deflour'er. [L. defioro, to strip flowers off
de, priv., and flos,jioris, a flower.]
deflorate, de-flO'rat, adj. , past theflowering state,
as an anther after it has shed its pollen.
mCte ; mute ; mDon ; Men.
"5
 defloration
defloration, def-Io^ra'shun, ., the act ofdevouring.
deflower. Same as Deflour.
Defluxion, de-fluk'shun, *., a flowing down of
humours or fluid matter in the body. [L. de-
fluxiode, down, andfluo,fluj:um, to flow.]
Deforce, d-foW, v.t. in law, to keep out of posses
sion byfore* '.pr.p. defOrc'ing ; Pa.p. deforced'.
n. deforce ment. [L. de, from, and Force.]
Deform, de-form', v.t., to alteror injure theformof;
to disfigure :/r./, deforming ; Pa.p. deformed'.
[L. deformode, from, and Form.]
deformation, def-or-ma'shun. n., act ofdeforming.
deformity, d-fonn'i-ti, n., state ofbeing deformed;
want of proper form; ugliness; disfigurement;
anything that destroys beauty.
Defraud, de-frawd', v.t. to deprive of byfraud; to
withhold wrongfully ; to cheat or deceive :
Pr.p. defrauding ; pa.p. defraud'ed. [L. defraudo
de, from, andJraits, fraudis, fraud.]
Defray, de-fra.', v.t. orig. to pay a fine in order to
atone for an offence against the public Peace; to
discharge the expenses of anything ; to pay :
pr.p. defraying; Pa.p. defrayed'.n. defray"-
ment. [Fr. defrayerde", and frais, expense
low h.fredum, a fineGer.frjcde, peace.]
Defunct, de-funkt*, adj. havingfinished the course
of life, dead.. a dead person. [L. defungor,
defunctus, to finishde, andfungor, to perform.]
Defy, de-fl', v.t. lit. to renounce a state offaith or
confidence ; orig. to dissolve the allegiance be
tween vassal and lordhence, to disown, to
denounce ; to challenge ; to brave '.pr.p. defy
ing; Pa.p. defied'.n. defi'er. [Fr. tUfier; old
Fr. desfier; It. disfdareL. dis, asunder, and
fido, to trustfides, faith.]
defiance, de-fT'ans, n., the act of defying; a chal
lenge to combat ; contempt ofopposition.
Degenerate, dC-jen'er-at, v.i., to sink from one's
genus or race ; to fall from a nobler state ; to be
or to grow worse :Pr.p. degen'erating ; Pa.p.
degen'crited. [L. degenero, degeneratumde,
from, and genus, generis, race, kind.]
degenerate, deien'er-at, adj., degenerated; having
lost the nobleness of race; having become weak
or base.adv. degenerately n. degen'erateneaa.
degeneracy, d6-jen'er-a-si, degeneration, d-jen-cr-a'-
shun, ., the act or process of becoming degen
erate ; the state of being degenerate.
degenerative, d-jcn'er-a-tiv, adj., tending or caus
ing to degenerate.
Deglutition, dcg-tOo-tish un, n., the act or power of
glutting or swallowing. (Fr.L. de, down, and
glutio, to swallow.] Sec Glut.
Degrade, dC-grad', v.t., to loioerox reduce in grade
or rank ; to deprive of office or dignity ; to lower
in character or value ; todisgrace 'pr.p. degrad
ing; pa.p. degraded. [Fr. de"graderL. de,
down, and gradus, a step.] Sec Grade.
degradation, deg-ra-da'shun, ml, the act of degrad
ing; the state of being degraded ; disgrace.
degree, de-gre', ., a grade or step; position ; rank ;
extent ; a mark of distinction conferred by univer
sities ; the 360th part of a circle ; 60 geographical
miles. [Fr. degre'L. de, and gradus, a step.]
Dehiscent, de-his'ent, adj., gaping or opening, as
the capsules of plants. [L. dehiscens, pr.p. of
dehiscode, intensive, and hisco, to gape.]
dehiscence, de-his/ens} n., the opening of the cap
sules of a plant
Deign, dan, v.i., to thinkworthy; to condescend.
(ate, far; me, her; mine ;
116
deliberative
v.t. to give ; to allow '.Pr.p. deigning ; pa.p.
deignea. [Fr. daignerL. dignor, to think
worthydignus, worthy.]
Deity, del-ti, n., thedivinity; godhead; a god or
goddess ; the Supreme Being. [L. deus; Gr.
theos; Sans, devadtv, heaven.]
delcide, del-sid, the killing of a god; the put
ting to death of Jesus Christ. [It. deicidioL.
deus, and cmdo, to cut, to kill.]
deify,de'i-fT, v.t., tomakea deity orgod of'; to exalt
to the rank of a deity ; to worship as a deity :
pr.p. deifying; pa.p. deified'. [Fr. dJijUrL.
deificare-deus, andfacere, to make.]
delAc, de-if'ik, deincal, de-ifik-al, adj., making into
a deity. [L. deificusdeus, andfacere.]
deification, de-if-i-ka'shun, the act ofdeifying.
delform, de'i-form, adj., having theform of a god.
[L. deus, andforma, form.]
deist, deist, n. one who believes in the existence
of God but not in revealed religion.adj. deist'-
IcaL [Fr. diisteL. deus.}
detain, de'izm, n., the creed ofa deist. [Fr. d^isme.\
Deject, dS-jekt', v.t., to cast down the countenance
or spirits of:pr.p. dejecting; A*-/- deject'ed.
[L. dejicio, dejectusde, down,jaao, to cast.]
dejected, de-jekred, adj., cast down; dispirited.
adv. dejectedly.n. deject'edness.
dejection, de-jek'shun, n., state of being dejected
ox cast down; lowness of spirits ; depression.
Delay, de-la', v.t., to put off to another time; to
defer; to hinder or retard.v.i. to pause, linger,
or put off time.n. a putting off or deferring ; a
lingering ; hinderance '.Pr.p. delaying ; pa.p.
delayed . [Fr. dilai, L. dilatio, a putting off
differo, dilatumdis, apart, andfero, to carry.]
Deleble. See under Delete.
Delectable, de-lek'ta-bl, adj., delightful; pleasing.
. delect'ableneaa.adz: delect ably. [L. de-
lectabilisdelecto, to delight.] See delight.
delectation, de-lek-ta'shun, ., delight ; great plea
sure. [L. delectatio.1
Delegate, del'e-gat, v.t., to send as a legate or
representative ; to intrust or commit to :pr.p.
delegating ; Pap. delegated.n. one who is
delegated ; a deputy or representative.adj.
delegated, deputed. [L. de, away, and lego,
legatus, to send as ambassador.] See Legate.
delegation, del-5-ga'shun, ft., act ofdelegating; the
persons delegated.
Delete, de-let*, v.t., to blot out; to erase; to
destroy '.pr.p. deleting ; pa.p. deleted..
deletion. [L. deleo, deletum, to blot out.]
deleble, del'c-bl, adj., that can be blottedout.
deleterious, del-5-te'n-us, adj., tending to destroy
life ; poisonous, [low L. deteter^usdeleo.}
Delf, dclf, n. a kind of earthenware, made at Delft
in Holland. *
Deliberate, de-lib'er-at, v.t., to weigh well in one's
mind, as if in a balance ; to consider the reasons
for and against ; to reflect upon.v.i. to reflect
or consider '.pr.p. deliberating ; Pa.p. deliber
ated. [L. delibero, deliberatnmde, intensive,
and libra, to weighlibra, a balance.]
deliberate, dc-lib'er-at, adj., deliberatingoxconsider
ing carefully ; slow in determining : well coo-
siacred.adv. deliberately.n. delib erateneea.
deliberation, de"-Ub-er-a'shun, ., the act ofdeliber
ating; mature reflection ; calmness; coolness.
deliberative, de-lib er-a-tiv, adj., pertaining to de
liberation ; proceeding or acting by deliberation.
adv. delib eratlvely.
mOtc ; mute ; moon ; then.
 Delicate Demi-god
Delicate, del'i-kat, adj., alluringor enticing; pleas giving up ; the act or manner of speaking In
ing to the senses, esp. the taste ; dainty : nicely public ; the act of giving birth.
discriminating or perceptive : of a fine, slight DelL See Dale.
texture or constitution ; tender, frail : requiring Delta, del'ta, n. the fourth letter of the Greek
nice handling : refined in manners, gentle, polite, alphabet, the capital form of which is -V ; a
considerate. [L. delicatusdeliciat, allurements tract of land of like shape, especially that be-
delictode, intensive, and lacto, to entice,] tween two mouths of a river. [Gr.]
del'icatej, n.fil. in B., delicacies.delicately, adv. deltoid, dcl'toid, adj. of the form of the Greek A ;
in a delicate manner: in B., luxuriously. del'i- triangular. [Gr.deltoeidesdelta, Szeidos, form. ]
cateneas, n. state ofbeing delicate : in B.t delicacy, Delude, dcl-Qd', v.t., to filay or impose ufion; to
luxury. deceive ; to mislead ; to cheat:fir.fi. deiud'ing;
delicacy, dell-ka-st, ., stale or quality of being fia.fi.
delicate; anything delicate or dainty. [Fr. ddlt- ofde,dehjd'ed. [L. delude, to play, make sport
down, tudo, tusus, to play.]
catcsseL. delicatus.] delusion, del-u'zhun, ., the act of deluding; the
delicious, dc-lish'us, adj.,full ofdelicacies ; highly state of being deluded
pleasing to the senses ; affording exquisite plea delusive, del-u'siv, delusory,; adcl-ii'sor-i, false belief; error.
sure.n. deU'ciouanea*. [L. deliciosusdelicto;.] tending to delude; deceptive.adv.adj., afit or
delu sively.
deliriously, de-Iish'us-li, adv., in a delicious man ;;. delu'sivenesa
ner: in B.t luxuriously.
delight, dfi-lTt7, v.t. lit. to allure or entice; to Deluge, dcl'uj, n., a washingaway ; a great overflow
please highly.v.i. to have or take great plea of water ; a flood, esp. that in the days of Noah.
sure ; to be greatly pleased :fir.fi. delight ing ; v.t. to inundate ; to overwhelm as with water :
fa.fi. delighred.n. a high degree of pleasure ; fir.fi, del'uging ; fia.fi. del'Qgcd. [Fr., L. dilu
extrerqe satisfaction ; that which gives great viumdiluodis, away, luo lavo, to wash.]
pleasure, [old E. delite; old Fr. deliier, Prov. Delusion, Delusive. See under Delude.
delectarL. delcclare, intensive of delicto.]
delightful, de-llr/fool, dellght'some (sum), adj. ,full Delve, delv, v.t., to dig with a spade :fir.fi.
ofdelight.adv. delight'fully. >i. delightrulness. delv'ing ; fia.fi. delved'.. delv'er. [A.S. delfan,
to dig ; conn, with Dale, Dell, and W. twl, a hole.] -
Delineate, de-lin'fi-at, v.t., to mark out with lines; Demagnetise, dC-mag'net-Tz, v.t. , to defirive of
to represent by a sketch or picture ; to portray ; magneticfiower. [L. de, priv., and magnetise.]
to describe accurately in words :fir.fi. delin'e'St- Demagogue,
ing ; fia.fi. delin'eated. [L. delineo, detineatum a popular dem'a-gog, ., a leader of t/ie fieofile;
and factious orator. [Gr. demagdgos
de, down, and linea, a line.] Sec Line. demos, the people, agdgos, leadingagd, to lead.]
delineation, dc^lin--a'shun, ., the act ofdelineat Domain, de-man'. Demesne, de-men', n., a domain;-
ing; a sketch, representation, or description. a manor-house with the lands belonging to it,
delinaator, dc-lin'e-a-tor, n.t one who delineates.
Delinquent, de-lingTcwent, adj., leaving one's duty ; demainc, the
held by owner for his own use. [old Fr.
demesne, L. dominium, right of owner
failing in duty.n. one who fails in or leaves shipdominus,
his duty; a transgressor; a criminal.adv. de- Demand, de-mand', av.t. masterdomus, a house.]
Un'qaently. [L. detinquens, -cntis, pr.p. of de- ofanotJier; to claim ;totoask backfrom the hands
ask earnestly or author
tinquode, intensive, and Unquo, to leave.] itatively; to call for; to question :fir.fi. dCmand'-
delinquency, de-lingTtwen-si, n.,failure in or omis ing ; fia.fi. demand'ed.n, the asking for what
sion of duty; a fault; a crime.
Deliquesce, del-i-kwes', v.i. to melt and become earnest inquiry, [low L. demando, to ;demand
is due ; an asking for with authority a claim ;
liquid by absorbing moisture, as certain salts, de, from, and mando, to put into one's hand
&c. :fif.fi. deliquescing ; fia.fi. deliquesced'. manus, the hand, and do, to give.]
[L. deliquesco, to melt awayde, intensive, and demandable, de-mand'a-bl, adj., that may be de
Itquesco, to become fluidtiqueo, to be fluid.] manded.
deliquescent, del-i-kwes'ent, adj., becoming liquid demandant, dc-mand'ant, n., one who demands; a
in the atmosphere.n. dellquesc'enc*. plaintiff.
Delirious, dC-hYi-us, adj. lit. going out of the fur Demarcation, Demarkation, de-mark-J'shun, ., the
row in ploughing ; wandering in mind ; light
headed ; insane. [L. delirusde, from, and lira, act ofmarkingoffox setting bounds to ; division ;
a fixed limit. [Fr. demarquer, to mark offde,
a furrow.]-adv. deliriously.n. dellr'lousnesa.
delirium, de-hYi-um, ., state of being delirious; Demean,andde-men',
off, marquer, to mark.] See Hark.
v.t. lit. to manage or lead with
strong excitement; wild enthusiasm. [L.] the hand; to conduct; to behave :~fir.fi. dS-
Delitescent, dcl-i-tes'ent, adj., lying hid or con
cealed. [L. delitescens, pr.p. of delitescode, inten., and mener,demeaned'.
mean'ing ; fia.fi. [Fr. demenerde,
to leadL. manus, the hand.]
from, and latescolateo, to Ue hid.] demeanour, dc-men'ur, u. behaviour ; bearing.
delitescence, del-i-tes'cns, n., state of being con Demean, de-men', v.t., to mahe mean; to lower:
cealed; retirement. fir.fi. demean ing ;fia.fi. demeaned'. [L. de, Mean.]
Deliver, d5-hVer, v.t., to liberate or set free from Demented, de-ment'ed, adj., out ofone's mind; de
restraint or danger ; to rescue from evil or fear ; prived of reason. [L. demens, dementis, out of
to give up, or part with : to communicate ; to pro one's mindde, from, and mens, the mind.]
nounce : to give forth, as a blow, &c. ; to relieve Demerit, d5-mer'it; ., that which wants merit
a woman in childbirth '.~-fir.fi. delivering; fia.fi. hence, that which deserves punishment ; fault ;
delivered.n. deliverer. [Fr. dtlivrerL. de, crime. [L. de, want of, and Merit,j
from, and liberare, to set freeliber, free.]
deliverance, dS-Iiv^r-ans, n., act of delivering or Demesne. See Domain.
freeing; state of being delivered; freedom. Demi-god, dem'i-god, n.f half a god; one whose
delivery, dS-hVer-i, ., the act of delivering; a nature is partly divine. [Fr. demi, half, and God.]
fate, far ; me, her ; mine ; mote ; mute ; mODo ; then.
 Demise Denouement
Demise, dc-ml/', laying downhence, a trans Demulcent, de-mul'sent, adj., mollifying or soften
ferring ; the death of a sovereign, or a distin ing; soothing. [L. demulcens, pr.p. oldemmlceo
guished person ; a transfer of the crown or of an ~de, and mulceo, to soften.]
estate to a successor.v.t. to send down to a de-mur', v.t'., to delay; to hesitate* from
successor ; to bequeath by will ipr.p. demising ; ' ry ; to object \pr.p. demurring ; jfcs^-
Pa.p. demised'. [Fr. demise, pa.p. of demettre, '.n. a stop ; pause ; hesitation. [Fr.
to lay downdJ, L. dis, aside, and Fr. mettre, L. demoror, to loiter,
to layL. miHere, missus, to send.] intensive, and moror, to delay.J. de
demission, de-mish'un, a lowering or letting demurrage, de-mur'aj, n. an allowance made to
down ; degradation ; humiliation. [L. demissio.] the owner of a trading vessel for undue delay or
DemJ-eeml-quaver, dem'i-sem'i-kwa-ver, . inmusic, detention in port.
a note equal in time to the halfofa semiquaver K Demure, de-mQY, adj. lit. ofgood-manners ; sober ;
[Fr. demi, half, and Semi-quaver. ] / staid ; modest ; affectedly modest ; making a show
Democracy, de-mok'ra-si, . a form of government ofgravity.adv. demurely.n. demure ness. [old
in which the supreme power is vested in the Yx.de (bonnes) murs, ofgood-manners, Fr. mceurs,
People collectively. [Gr. dimokratiadJmos, the L. mores, manners.]
people, and krated, to rulekratos, strength.] Demy, de-mi', n. a size of paper 23 1 by 17) inches.
democrat, dem'6-krat, . one who adheres to or [Fr. demi, L. dimidium, halfdis, through, and
promotes democracy. tnedius, the middle.]
democratic, dem-C-kral'ik, democratical, dem-5- Den, den, n. , a small narrow valley; the hollow
krar/i-kal, adj., relating to democracy.adv* lair ofa wild beast ; a cave used for concealment
democratically. or security. [A.S. den, dene, a valley.]
_j dS-mollsh, v.t*, to throw orpulldown; Denary, den'ar-i, adj., containing ten.n. the
reduce to a shapeless heap ; to destroy, ruin : number ten. [L. denariusdeni, ten at a time
pr.p. demolishing; pa.p. demolished. [L. decern, ten.)
tlemolior, to throw or pull downde, down, and Denationalise, de-nash'un-al-Tz, v.t., to deprive of
molior, to buildmoles, a heap.] national rights. [L. de, priv., and nationalise, j
demolition, dem-o-lish'un, ., the act of demolish Denaturalise, de-nar'u-ral-Iz, v.t., to make unna
ing or destroying ; ruin ; destruction. tural; to deprive of acquired citizenship in a
Demon, de'mon, *. in mythology, a spirit holding foreign country. [L. de, priv., and naturalise, j
a place between man and the gods ; an evil
spirit, a devil. [L. dcemon, Gr. daimdn, a Dendroid, tree.
den'droid, adj., having the form of a
[Gr. dendron, a tree, and eidos, form.]
spiritdaio, to divide, to distribute destinies.]
demoniac, de-n0'ni-ak, demoniacal, d-mO-nrak-.il, dendrology,
on trees;
den-drol'o-ji, ., a discourse or treatise
the natural history of trees. [Gr.
adj., pertaining to or like demons or evil spirits; dendron, and logos, a discourse.]
influenced by demons.adv. demosl'acally.
demoniac, df-mO'ni-ak, n, a human being possessed Denial. See under Deny.
Denisen, denl-rn, . orig. a dweller within or enjoy
by a demon or evil spirit, ing the privileges of the city franchise ; an
demonlaclam, de-m3-nl'a-sizm, ., the state o/'being inhabitant ; a stranger who has been made a sub
demoniac; demoniacal practices.
y, de-mon-ol'a-tri, the worship of ject make
of the country by letters-patent.v.t. to
a denizen of, or admit to residence ; to
[Gr. daimdn, and latreia, worship.]
.ooonoiOB/, de-mon-ol'o-ji, ft., a discourse on enfranchise : to provide with occupants :pr.p.
demons and their agency,-adjs. demonologic, deins, dens, Fr.denizened,
denizening ; /*>/ [old Fr. deinxein
dans, withinL. de intus,
demonolog'ical. [Gr. daimdn, logos, a discourse.] from within. ] n. den'lsenshlp.
dsmonologiat, de-mon-ol'o-jist, a writer on
demonology. Denominate, d-nom'in-at, v.t., togive a name to; to
Demonstrat, dc-mon'strSt, v.t., to shew or point call ; to designate :pf.p. denominating ; pa.p.
denom'inated. [L. de, and nomino, neminatum,
out clearly ; to prove with certainty '.pr.p. de to namenomen, a name.]
monstrating ; Pa.p. dfimon'strated. [L. demon- denomination, de-nom-in-a'shun, ft., the act of
strode, intensive, and monstro, to shew.] naming; a name or title; a collection of indi
demonstrable, de-mon'stra-bl, adj., tliat may be de viduals called by the same name ; a sect.
monstrated.n. demon'atrablenesa. adv. demon denominational, de-nom-in-ashun-al, adj., belong
strably. dem-on-stri'shun, n., the act of de
demonstration, ing to a denomination or sect.
monstrating; a pointing out ; proof beyond denoinlnatlonallim, de-nom-in-a'shun-al-izm, ft., a
doubt : expression of the feelings by outward denominational or class spirit or policy ; devo
tion to the interests of a sect.
signs ; show ; military or other exhibition.
demonstrative, de-mon stra-tivf adj.f having the denominative, de-nom'in-at-tv, adj.,givingKithaving
a denomination or title.adv. de&om'lnatlvtly.
Power to demonstrate; making evident ; proving denominator,
with certainty; given to the manifestation of which givesdc-nom'in-ut-or, ., he who or that
a name ; in arith., the lower num
one's feelings.adv. demonstratively.n. de- ber in a vulgar fraction, which names the parts
mon'stratlveness. into which the integer is divided.
Demoralise, de-mor'al-Tz, v. t. , to bring down or cor Denote, de-nOt', v.t., to note or mark; to indicate
rupt in morals ipr-P. demoralising ; Pa.p. de by a sign ; to point out ; to be the sign of; to
moralised. [Fr. demoraliserV,. de, down, and signify or mean :pr.p. denoting ; Pa.p. de
Fr. morale, morals.] See HoraL noted. [L. denote~de, intensive, and notot to
demoralisation, dC-mor-al-i-za'shun, ft., act of de marknota, a mark or sign.] See Mote.
moralising; corruption or subversion of morals.
Demotic, dC-mor/ik, adj., pertaining to the people; Denouement, dS-nCo'mong, ft. lit. the untying of a
knot; the unravelling ofa plot or story ; the issue,
popular. [Gr. dimes, the people.]
fkte, far ; me, her ; mine ; mote ; mute ; m5on ; then.
xi8
 Denounce
event, or outcome. [Fr. d/nouer, to untiede,
prir., and nouer, to tieL. nodus, a knot.]
Denounce, de-nouns', denunclate, de-nun'shi-at, or
'seVat, v.t. lit. to tell or announce; to threaten ;
to inform against or accuse publicly :/r.>.
denouncing, denun'ciating ; Pa.p. denounced',
denun'ciated. [L. denuncio-de, intensive, and
nuncio, to announce.]
denouncement, de-nouns'ment, denunciation, de%nun-
shi-a'shun, or -sC-a', ., the act ofdenouncing; a
threat.
denunciator, de-nun'shi-a-tor, one who denounces.
denunciatory, d-nun'shi-a-tor-i, adj., containing a
denunciation; threatening.
Sense, dens, adj., thick; close; compact.adv.
densely.. dense'neu. [L. densus, thick.]
density, densl-ti, n., the quality of being dense;
the proportion of mass to bulk or volume.
Sent, dent, n., a dint or small hollow made by
the pressure or blow of a harder body on a
softer.v.t. to make a dint or mark by means of
a blow; to indent, [from the sound.]
Dental, den'tal, adj., belonging to the teeth; pro
duced by the aid of the teeth.n. an articulation
or letter formed or pronounced chiefly with the
teeth. [L. dens, dentis, a tooth.]
dentate, den'tat, dentated, den'tat-ed, adj., toothed;
notched ; set as with teeth,
deatlcie, den'ti-kl, n., a smalltooth. [L. denikulus,
dim. of dens, a tooth.]
, den-tik'u-lat, adj., having small teeth.
dentifrice, den'ti-fris, . a substance used in rubbing
or cleaning the teeth. [L. dens, zxxd/rico, to rub.]
dentist, den'ust, n., one who cures diseases of the
teeth, or inserts artificial teeth.
- . .. of
teeth. [L. dentio, to cut teethdens.]
Denude, d-nftd', v.t., to make nude or naked; to
lay bare :Pr.p. denuding ; Pa.p. denuded. .
denudation,den-u-da'shun. [L.denudode, inten.,
and nudo, to make nakednudus, naked.]
Denunclate, &c. See under Denounce.
Deny, di-nY, v.t., to say nay or no strongly; to
gainsay or declare not to be true ; to reject ; to
disown :prf. denying; pa.p. denied. [Fr.
denierI,. de-negode, intensive, and nego, to
say none, no, ate, to say yesSans, ah, to say.]
"lie, de-nra-bl, adj., that may be denied.
, de-nTal, ., act of denying or saying no;
diction ; refusal ; rejection.
*.*, de-O'dor-Tz, v.t.j to take the odourox smell
from iPr.p. deO'dorTsing ; pa.p. d0'dorlsed. [L.
de, from, and root of Odour.]
Deoxidate, dC-oks'i-dat, deoxidise, de-oksl-dlz, v.t.,
to take oxygenfrom, or reduce from the state
ofan oxide. [L, de, from, and oxidate, oxidise.]
Depart, de-part', v.i.t to part from; to go away;
to quit or leave ; to die '.pr.p. departing ; pa.p.
dCparr/ed. [Fr. departtrL. de, from, and
parttor, to part, to divide.] See Part,
department, de-part'ment, n. that which is parted
or separated ; a part or portion ; a separate part
of business or duty; a division of a country.
adj. department'aL
departure, de-part'ur, n., act ofdeparting; a going
away from a place ; deviation ; death.
Depend, de-pend', v.i., to hang down or from; to
be sustained by or connected with anything ; to
fate far * roe, her ; mine ;
deposit
rest 'pr.P- depending ; Pa.p. depended. [L.
dependeode, from, and pendeo, to hang.]
dependant, d-pend'ant, n., one who depends on,
relics on, or is sustained by another,
dependent, de-pend'ent, adj., depending; relying
or resting on ; subject to ; subordinate.adv.
depend'entty.
dependence, de-pend'ens, dependency, dd-pend'en-si,
., slafe of being dependent; connection; reli
ance ; trust ; that on which one depends : colony.
Depict, dS-pikt', v.t., topicture or paint carefully ;
to make a likeness of ; to describe minutely :
pr.p. depicting ; Pa./, depict'ed. [L. Oepingo
de, intensive, and Ptngo, pictus, to paint.]
Depilatory{ de-pil'a-tor-i, adj., taking hair off.n.
an application for taking off hair. [L. deptlo
de, oft, and pilus, hair.]
Depletion, de-ple'shun, n.r the lessening of the
quantity of blood in the vessels. [L. depleode,
negative, andpleo, pletum, to fill]
Deplore, de-plOr', v.t., to weep orbewail bitterly; to
feel or express deep grief for ; to lament '.Pr.p.
deploring ; Pa.p. deplored.adv. deplorlngly.
[L. deplorode, intensive, and ploro, to weep.]
deplorable, de-ploVa-bl, adj., thai may\y or should
be deplored; lamentable ; sad.- deplor'able-
neas.adv. deplorably.
Deploy, de-ploy', v.t., to fold out or unfold; to
open out or extend.v.i. to open ; to extend in
line, asa body of troops '.pr.p. deploying ; Pa.p.
deployed'. [Fr. dfployerL. de, It. spiegare,
L. explicare, to fold outex, out, plico, to fold.]
Deplume, de-plOom', v.t., to take the plumes or
feathers from '.Pr.p. depluming ; fa.p. de
plumed'.n. depluma'tion. [L. de, from, and
pluma, a feather.]
Depolarise, d-po'lar-Tz, v.t., to take the potarily
from.n. depolarisa'tlon. [L. de, from, and
polarise.]
Deponent. See under Depose.
Depopulate, d5-pop'u-l5t, v.t., to take the Popula
tionfrom oraway ; to lay waste.v.i. to become
dispeopled :Pr.p. depopulating ; pa.p. depop'-
Qlated. [L. depopulor, depopu/atusde, priv.,
and populus, the people.]n. depop'ulator.
depopulation, d-pop-Q-la'shun, n., act of depopu
lating; havoc; destruction.
Deport, de-port', v.t, to carry off or away; to
transport; to exile; to behave \pr.p. deport
ing; Pa.p. deport/ed. [L. deporto^-de, away, and
Porto, Portatus, to cany.]
deportation, de-pOrt-a'shun, ., act of deporting;
state of being deported or exiled ; banishment.
deportment, de'-pflrt'ment, manner of deporting
or carrying one's self ; carnage; behaviour.
Depose, dC-pOr/, v. t. , toput or set down ; to bring
down from a throne or high station ; to take
away ; to degrade '-pr.p. deposing ; fa.p. de
posed'. [Fr. deposerh. depone, depositumde,
down, and pono, to put or set.]
deponent, de-pO'nent,<wr., thatlays<2nvnoraside;!n
gram., applied to verbs with a passive form that
have laid down or lost the passive signification.
. one who gives evidence in a court ofjustice.
deposable, de-pora-bl, adj., that may be deposed.
depossJ, de-pOral, n., act ofdeposing.
deposit, de-pozlt, v.t., toput or set down ; to place ;
to lay up or past ; to intrust :-pr.f. depositing ;
pa.p. deposited.n. that which is deposited or
put down ; something intrusted to another's care,
esp. money put in a bank ; a pledge.n. depositor.
mOte ; mute ; m&Jn ; then.
 depositary Descend
depositary, df-por/i-tar-i, n., a person with whom sion '.Pr.p. depuYing ; Pa,p. deput'ed. [low I*.
anything w deposited, or left in trust or for safe deputo, for delego, to send as a representative..]
keeping ; a guardian. deputation, dep-Q-ta'shun, n., act of deputing ; the
deposition, dcp-3-zish'un, ., act of deposing; evi person or persons deputed, or appointed, to
dence given in a court of justice : removal : act transact business for another,
ofdepositing; what is deposited, sediment. deputy, dep'fl-ti, ., one deputedor appointed to act
depository, dS-poz'i-tor-i, n., a place where any for another ; a delegate or representative.
thing is deposited.
depot, de-po7, or de'po, n.,aplaceofdeposit ; astore- Derange, dfi-ranj', v.t. lit. to break the range or
house ; a military station where stores are kept "Pr.p. rank; to put out of place cr order ; to disorder :
and recruits trained ; the head-quarters of a regi deranging ; Pa.p. dcringed'. [ Fr. de~-
ment. [Fr. depoth. depone.] rungerdi, L. His, asunder, and ranger, to
rank.] See Bang*, Bank,
Deprave, d6-praV, v.t. lit to make very crooked; derangement, dfi-ranj'ment, n., act of deranging;
to distort ; to make bad or worse ; to corrupt : state of being deranged ; disorder ; insanity.
pr.p. depraving ; Pa.p. depraved'. [L. depravo Derelict, der'c-likt, adj., entirely relinquished or
de, intensive, and prawns, crooked, bad.] forsaken ; abandoned.. anything forsaken
depraved, dC-pravd*, adj., crooked ; corrupt ; aban or abandoned. [L. derelinquo, dcrelictusde,
doned.adv. depraredly.. depraVedness. intensive, and linquo, to leave.]
depravation, dep-ra-va'shun, n., act of depraving; dereliction, der-5-lik shun, n., act offorsaking; an
state of being depraved ; depravity. entire forsaking ; state of being abandoned.
depravity, de-pravl-ti, ., state ofbeing depraved \ Deride, de-rid', v.t., to laugh at; to mock :pr.p.
a naturally vitiated or corrupt state of moral deriding; Pa.p. derTd'ed.<7.Y:\derid'lngly. [L.
character ; extreme wickedness ; corruption. derideoae, intensive, and rideo, to laugh.]
Deprecate, dcp'rg-kftt, v.t. to try to ward off by derlder, de-rld'4r, n., one who derides.
Prayer; to desire earnestly the removal of; to derision, de-rizh'un, n., act of deriding; state of
regret deeply 'pr.p. dep reciting ; Pa.p. dep'- being derided ; mockery : a laughing-stock,
rficated.adv. dep'recatlngly. (L. deprecor, depre- derisive, dfi-rtslv, adj., containing derision ;
catus sig. taking away, and precor, to pray.] mocking.
deprecation, dep-re-ka'shun, ., act ofdeprecating; Derive, de-rlv*, v.t. to draw from, as water from a
a praying against evil ; entreaty for pardon.
deprecative, dep're-ka-tiv, deprecatory, dcr/ri-kS- river; to take orreceive from a source or origin ;
to infer; in etym. to trace a word to its root :
tor-i, adj., tending to deprecate, or avert evil by Pr.p. deriving; Pa.p. derived'. [L. derivode,
prayer ; having the form of prayer. down from, and rivus, a river.]
Depreciate, de^prfi'shi-at, v.t., to bring down the derivable, deVrlv'a-bl, adj., capable ofbeingderived.
price of; to lower the worth of; to undervalue ; adv. deriv ably.
to disparage.v.i. to fall in value:Pr.p. de derivation, der-i-v5'shun, n., act of deriving; a
preciating ; Pa.p. depreciated. [L. deprttio, de- drawing off or from ; the tracing of a word to its
pretiatumde, down, and pretium, price.] original root ; that which is denved.-
depredation, dc-pre-shi-2'shun, n., act of depreci dertvatlve, de-riv'a-tiv, adj. , derived, or taken from
ating or lowering in value; state of being de something else ; not radical or original.n. that
preciated; the failing of value ; disparagement. which is derived ; a word taken or formed from
depreciatlve, de-pre"shi-u-tiv, depreciatory, d-pr<?*- another word.adv. dertv'atively.
shi-3-tor-i, adj., tending to depreciate or lower. Derm, derm, ., the skin. [Gr. derma, dermatos,
the skin-derd, to flay.]
Depredate, dep're-diit, v. t., to plunder orprey upon ; dermal,
to rob ; to lay waste ; to devour :pr.p. dep're"- dermal, adj., pertaining to the skin; con
dating ; pa.p. dep'redStcd. [ L. deprordor, depra>- sisting of skin.
datusde, intensive, andprafda, plunder.] dermatology, der-ma-tol'o-ji, a discourse on the
depredation, dcp-rC-da'shun, n., act of depredating skin : the branch of physiology which treats of
or plundering ; state of being depredated. the skin. [Gr. derma, and logos, a discourse,]
depredator, dep r-dS-tor, n., aplunderer, a robber. Derogate, der^-gat, v.i. lit to ask the People fo>
depredatory, dcp'rC-dS-tor-i, adj., tending or de take away some part of a law;io lessen by
signed to depredate ; plundering. taking away ; to detract '.pr.p. " derogating ;
Depress, d6-pres/, v.t., topress down; to let down ; Pa.p. der'ogated. [L. derogode, down from, and
to lower ; to humble ; to dispirit or cast a gloom rogo, to ask the people.] See Abrogate.
over :Pr.p. depressing ;Pa.p. depressed'.adv. derogation, der-O-ga'shun, act of derogating; a
depress ingly. [h.deprimo, depressumde, down, taking from; detraction; depreciation.
and premo, to press.] derogatory, dfi-rog'a-tor-i.aay., tending toderogate^
depression, de-presh'un, n. , actofdepressingor low detracting ; injurious.adv. derog'storily.n. de-
ering ; state of being depressed: a falling in or' rog'atorines*.
sinking ; a hollow : abasement ; dejection. Dervls, derVis, Dervish, derVish, n. lit a poor man,
depressive, de-prcs'iv, adj., able ortending to depress. a beggar; among Mohammedans, aclass ofmonks
depressor, d-pres'or, n., he ox that which depresses. who profess extreme Poverty, and lead an austere
Deprive, dfi-prlv', v.t., to take awayfrom one his life. [Pers. derwtsch, poorderew, to beg.]
own ; to take from ; to dispossess ; to bereave : Descant, deslcant, n. lit. and orig. a part song;
Pr.p. depriving ; pa.p. deprived'. [L. de, from, a discourse or disquisition in several parts, or
and privus, one's own.] under several heads ; a discourse. [L. dis, apart,
deprivation, dep-ri-va'shun, act of depriving; and cantus, a songcanto, to sing.]
state of being deprived ; loss ; bereavement. descant, des-kant/, v.i., to sing a variation or in
Depth. See under Deep. parts; to discourse under several heads ; to com
Depute, dc-pOr/, v.t. to appoint or send, as a sub ment '.pr.p. descanting ; pa.p. descant'ed.
stitute or agent ; to send with a special Commis- Descend, d-send', v.i., to jump ox climb down; to
fite, far; me, her; mine; tnOte ; mute ; mSon ; then.
120
 descendant
pass from a higher to a lower place or condition ;
to fall upon or invade ; to be derived.v.t. to go
down upon :fr.p. descending ; Pa.p. dCs-
cend'ed. [L. descendode, down, and scando,
to clirnb ; Sans, skand, to jump.]
descendant, de-send'ant, ., one who descends, as
offspring: from an ancestor,
descendant, dc-send'ent, adj., descending or going
down; proceeding from an ancestor,
descendible, de-send l-bl, adj., that may descend 01
be descended,
descension, d-sen'shun, act of descending; a
falling or sinking.adj. descen'slonai.
descent, de-sent', n., act of descending; motion or
progress ; downward ; slope : a falling upon or
invasion : derivation from an ancestor ; birth ;
issue ; one generation.
Describe, de-skrTb', v.t. lit to write down or copy
off ; to trace out or delineate ; to give an account
oilpr.p. describing ; pa.p. described'. [L,
describode, down, and scribo, to write.]
describable, d-skrlb'a-bl, adj., capable of being
described.
description, de-skrip'shun, n.f actofdescribing; an
account of anything in words ; definition : sort,
class, or kind,
descriptive, de-skrip'tiv, adj., tending to describe;
containing description.adv. descrlp'tively..
descrip'tlveness.
Descry, de-skri', v.i. lit. to make an outcry on dis
covering what one has been on the watch for ; to
discover; to espy :-pr.p. descrying; pa.p.
descried', [old Fr. deserter, to describe-***, and
crier, to cry.] See Cry.
Desecrate, des'5-krat, v. t. to divert from a sacred
purpose ; to profane :/>*./. des'ecrating ; Pa.p.
desecrSted. [L. desecrode, away from, and
sacra, to make sacredsacer, sacred.]
desecration, des-e-kra'shun, n., act of desecrating;
profanation.
Desert, de-zert/, n. reward. See under Deserve.
Desert, de-zcrt/, v. t. lit. to undo one's connection
witA another; to leave ; to forsake.v.i. to run
away ; to quit a service, as the army, without
permission '.pr.p. deserting; Pa.p. desert'ed.
[L. desero, desertusde, neg. and sera, to bind.]
desert, dex'trt, adj., deserted; forsaken : desolate ;
uncultivated.n. a desolate or barren place ; a
wilderness ; a solitude,
deserter, de-zert/er, n., one who deserts or quits a
service without permission,
desertion, de-zer'shun, act ofdeserting; state of
being deserted.
Deserve, de-ziiV, v.t. to earn by service; to merit.
v.i. to be worthy of reward :pr.p. deserving ;
pa.p. deserved'. [L. deserviode, intensive, and
servio, to serve.]
deserving, de-zerv'ing, adj., worthy.. desert.
adv. deserv'ingly.
deservedly, de-zerv'ed-li, adv., according to desert;
justly.
desert, dS-zirt', n. the reward or punishment de
served: claim to reward; merit.
Deshabille, des-a-hif, n., an undress; a careless
toilet. [Fr. dishabilli, undressed-des, L. dis,
un, not, and habiiler, to dress.]
Desiccate, d-sik'at, v.t.t to dry up.v.i. to grow
dry:pr.p. desicc'ating ; Pa.p. desicc'ated'. [L.
desicco, to dry up-de, and siccus, dry.]
deslccant, de-sik'ant, desiccative, de-sikat-iv, adj..
fate, far ; me, her ; mine ;
Despatch
drying; having the power of drying.n. an ap
plication that tends to dry up sores.
desiccation, des-ik-a'shun, n., the act ofdesiccating:
state of being desiccated.
Desiderate, de-sid'6r-5t, v.t. orig. to look eagerly
towards a thing ; to long for or earnestly desire
a thing : to want or miss :pr.p. desid'erSting ;
Pa.p. desiderated. [L. desidero, desideratum
from root of Consider.]
desideratum, de-sid-er-a'tum, n., somethingdesider-
ated} desired, or much wanted.//, desiderata,
de-std-er-a'ta. [L., pa.p. of desidero.']
Design, de-sin', or-zTn', v.t., to mark out; to draw 7
to form a plan of; to contrive : to intend :pr.p.
designing ; pa.p% designed'.n. a drawing or
sketch ; a plan in outline : a plan or scheme
formed in the mind ; plot ; intention. [L. designo
de, and signnm, a mark.]
deaignable, de-sln'a-bl, adj., that can be designed.
designedly, de-sin'ed-li, adv., by design; intention
ally.
designer, de-slner, one who designs; one who
furnishes designs or patterns : a plotter,
designate, deslg-nat, v.t., to mark out so as to.
make known ; to shew ; to name :~pr.p. desig
nating ; Pa.p. designated.n. designator,
designation, des-ig-na shun, ,, the act of designate
ingl a shewing or pointing out : name ; title,
designing, dc-sTn'mg, adj., contriving schemes ; art
ful ; scheming ; deceitful.n. the art or practice
of making designs or patterns.
Desire, de-zTr', v.t., to longfor the possession of; to
wish for; to request, ask: in B., to regret:
Pr.p. desTrlng ; pa.p. desired'.. an earnest
longing for ; eagerness to obtain ; a prayer or
request : the object desired : lust. [Fr. de'sircr.
It. desirare, L. desiderare. Sec Desiderate.]
desirable, de-zlr'a-bl, adj. , worthy ofdesire ; pleas
ing ; agreeable.adv. deslr'ably.n. deslr'ableness.
desirous, de-zTr'us, adj.,full of desire ; anxious to
obtain ; eager.
Desist, de-sist', v.i., to stand away ; to stop; to
forbear '.Pr.p. desisting ; Pa.p. desist'ed. [L
desistode, away, and sisto, to cause to stand.]
Desk, desk, n. lit. a disc or plate; a sloping table
for the use of writers or readers ; a pulpit. [A.S.
disc, a table, plate. See Disc. ]
Desolate, des'O-lat, :'. /. , to makesolitary ; to deprive
of inhabitants ; to lay waste '.pr.p. des'Olating ;
pa .p. des'olated.adj. solitary ; destitute of in-
ha bitants ; laid waste.adv. deVolately.n. dun-
lateness. [L. desolo, desolatusde, intensive,
and solo, to make alonesolus, alone.]
desolation, des-O-la'shun, n., act of desolating;
state of being desolated ; waste ; destruction : a
place desolated.
Despair, de-spar', v.i. to be utterly without hope z
to despond :pr.p. despairing ; pa.p. despaired'.
adv. despairingly.. want of hope ; utter
hopelessness : that which causes despair. [ L.
despcrade, privative, and spero, to hope.]
desperate, des'per-at, adj., in a state of despair;
hopeless ; beyond hope : fearless ofdanger ; rash ;
funous.adv. des*perately.n. des'perateness.
desperation, des-per-a'shun, act of despairing;
state of despair ; disregard of danger ; fury,
desperado, des-per-a'do, n., a desperatefellow; one
reckless of danger ; a madman. [Sp. desesperado
L. despero.]
Despatch, d-spach'( v.t. lit. to unfasten, to remove
hinderances; to send away hastily ; to send out
mOte ; mute ; mOOn ; Men.
 Desperate
of the world ; to put to death : to dispose of; to
perform speedily \fr.p. despatching ; pa.p.
despatched .n. a sending away in haste ; dis
missal : rapid performance ; haste : that which is
despatched, as a message. [VT.deptcher ; II dis-
PacciarrL. dis, asunder, and jango, factum,
to fasten, to fix.]
Desperate, &c. See under Despair.
Dasplxht, dtf-spit', an old form of Despite.
Despise, de-splr/, v.t., to look dotvn upon, with
contempt ; to scorn '.pr.p. despising ; pa.p. de
spised'. [L. despiciode, down, specie, to look.)
despicable,des'pi-ka-bl,tf^'.deserving to be despised;
contemptible; worthless.adv. des'picably.
dsspite, de-spit', great spite, or a looking down
on with contempt; violent malice or hatred.
/re/., in spite of; notwithstanding. [Fr. dipit,
for despitL. despectusdespicio!]
despiteful, de-spit'fool, adj.,full ofdespite or spite.
adv. desplWfully.n. despite folnesa
Despoil, de-spoil', v.t., to spoil completely ; to strip ;
to bereave ; to rob '.pr.p. despoiling ; pa.p, de
spoiled'. [L. det intensive, and Spoil.]
Despond, dfi-spond', v.t. lit to promise away; to
lose courage ; to despair '.pr.p. despond'ing ;
Pa.p. desponded.aav. despond lngly. [ L. des-
Pondeode, away, and spondeo, to promise. ]
despondent, de-spond'ent, adj., desponding; with
out courage or hope ; sad.adv. despond ently.
despondence, de-spond'ens, despondency, df-spond'-
en-si, tu, state of being despondent or without
hope ; dejection.
Despot, des'pot, n. lit. masterofthehouse, husband;
one invested with absolute power ; a tyrant. [Gr.
des-potlsdes, connected with domos, a house,
and root pot, found in L. potis, able, Sans. Pati,
a husband.]
despotic, des-pot/ik, despotic*1, des-pot/ik-al, adj.,
Pertaining to or like a despot ; having absolute
power ; absolute : tyrannical.adv. despot'lcally.
despotism, des'pot-izm, ., the power or principles
ifa despot ; absolute power.
Despumate, des'pCl-mat, or de*. v.t., to throw offin
foam or scum vpr.f. des'pumating ; Pa.p. des'-
pumatcd. [L. des/umo, despumatusdet off,
and spuma, foam. ]
despumatlon, des-pu-m3'shun, n., the act of throzo-
*ng ff^"d" forming scum on the surface.
Desquamation, des-kwa-mS'shun, or de*, n., a scaling
off; the separation of the cuticle or skin in
scales. [L. desquamo, desquamatusde, off,
and squama, a scale.]
Dessert, dez-zert/, n. fruits, confections, &c. served
at the close of an entertainment after the rest has
been taken away. [Fr.desservir, to clear the
tableL. de, from, away, and servio, to serve.]
Destemper, des-tem'per, Distemper, dis-tem'per, n. a
coarse mode of painting, in which the colours are
tempered or mixed in a watery glue, chiefly used
in scene-painting and in staining paper for walls.
[Fr. (Utrempedi, L. dis, and tremper for tern-
prer, L. temperart, to temper.]
Destine, des'tin, v.t.t to make to stand or setfast;
to ordain or appoint to a certain use or state ; to
fix; to doom:pr.p. destining; pa.p. des'tined.
[L. destinede, intensive, ana root stano, allied
to Gr. histand, histimi, to make to stand.]
destination, des-ti-nS'shun, n. the purpose or end to
which anything is destined or appointed ; end ;
purpose ; design ; fate ; place towhich one is going.
Cite, far ; me", her ; mine ;
Deterge
destiny, des'ti-ni, n. the purpose or end to which
any person or thing is destined or appointed :
unavoidable fate ; necessity.
Destitute, des/ti-tut, adj. lit put away; left alone ;
forsaken : in want, needy. [L. destituo, desti
tutesde, away, and statue, to place.]
destitution, des-ti-tu'shun, n., state of being desti
tute; poverty.
Destroy, de-stray7, v.t., to unbuild or hull down ;
to overturn ; to ruin ; to put an end to 'pr.p.
destroying ; Pa.p. destroyed'. [L. destruo, de-
structumde, down, and struo, to build.]
destroyer, dS-stro/er, n., one who destroys.
destructible, de*-struk'ti-bl, adj., capable of being
destroyed; liable to be destroyed.n. destruc-
tibll'ity.
destruction, de"-struk'shun, ., act of destroying;
stateof being destroyed ; overthrow ; ruin ; death..
destructive, de-struk'tiv, adj., causing destruction ;
mischievous; ruinous; deadly.adv. destruc'-
tlvely.n. deatruc'tlvtnen.
Desndatlon, dcs-Q-da'shun, n. lit. a violent sweating-;
an eruption of small pimples on children. [L.
de, intensive, and sudo, to sweat.]
Desuetude, dcsV5-tud, n., disuse; discontinuance
of custom, habit, or practice. [L. desuetude
de, negative, ana suesco, to become used.]
Desultory, des'ul-tor-i, adj.,jumpingfrom one thing
to another ; without rational or logical connec
tion; rambling; hasty; loose.adv. des'ultorlly.
n. dWuitorinses. [L. desultoriusde, from,
and salio, to jump.]
Detach, de-tach', v.t., to unlock or unfasten; to
take from or separate ; to withdraw :pr.p. de
tach'ing ; pa.p. detached'. [Fr. detacherde,
from, and root of Attach.]
detachment, de-tach'ment, n., act of detaching;
state of being detached ; that which is detached,
as a body of troops.
Detail, de-tal', v.t. lit. to cut down or into parts ;
to relate minutely ; to enumerate : to set apart
for a particular service :pr.p. detailing ; pa.p.
detailed'..a small part ; a minuteand particular
account. [Fr. detainerde, down, and laiMer,
to cutL. talea, a cutting. See Deal]
Detain, de"-tan', v.t,, to holdfrom or back ; to stop ;
to keep \pr.p. detaining; pa.p. detained'. [L.
detineode, from, and teneo. to hold. ]
detainer, de-tan'er, n., one who detains; in law,
the holding of what belongs to another.
detainment, de-tan'ment, detention, de-ten'shun, n.,
act ofdetaining; state of being detained ; con
finement ; delay.
Detect, de-tekt*, v.t. lit, to uncoverhence to dis-
cover; to find out ;pr.p. detecting ; pa.p. de-
tect'ed. [L. de. neg., and tego, tectus, to cover.]
detectable, de-tek ta-bf, adj., that may be detected.
detecter, detector, de-tekt'er, ., one who detects.
detection, de-tek'shun, ., act of detecting; dis
covery of something hidden.
detective, dfi-tek'tiv, adj., tending to detect.. a
policeman employed secretly to detect crime.
Detention. See under Detain.
Deter, de-tir', v.t., tofrightenfrom ; to hinder or
prevent :pr.p. deterring ; Pa.p. deterred'. [L.
deterreode, from, and terreo% to frighten.]
Deterge, d5-terj', v.t., to wipe off; to cleanse (as
a wound) '.pr.p. deterg'ing; ja-P. deterged'.
[L. detergeo, detenusde, off, and iergeot to
wipe.]
ntote ; mute ; mOOn ; then.
 detergent
detergent, dS-te/jent, detersive, de-ter'siv, adj.,
cleansing; purging.n. that which cleanses.
deUrstos, de-ter'shun, n., act ofcleansing.
Deteriorate, de-tCri-o-rtt, v.t., to bring down or
make worse.v.i. to grow worse :pr.p. dete
riorating ; /a./, deteriorated. [L. deterior,
worseobs. deterf lowerde, down.]
deterioration, de-te-ri-G-ra'shun, n., the state of de
teriorating or growing worse.
Determine, de-terlnin, v.t., to put terms or bounds
to; to limit: to fix or settle the form or character
of ; to influence : to put an end to ; to resolve on ;
todefine iPr.p. determining ; Pa.p. determined.
[L. determine, determinatus-de, priv., and ter
minus, a boundary.]
ilelm mliiilils. dg-ter'min-a-bl, adj., capable of being
determined, decided on, or finished.
determinate, dc-ler'min-at, adj'.t determined or
limited ; fixed ; decisive.adv. deterlninately.
determination, de-ter-min-a'shun, act of deter
mining; state of being determined: that which
is determined or resolved on : end ; direction to
a certain end ; resolution ; purpose ; decision.
determinative, de-terlnin-a-tiv, adj., that deter
mines, limits, or defines.
determined, de-ter'mind, adj., firm in purpose;
fixed; resolute.adv. determinedly.
Deterdon, Detersive. See under Deterge.
Detest, de-test*, v.t. lit. to call a deity to witness
against, to curse ; to hate intensely ipr.p. de
testing ; Pa.p. detested. [L. detestorde, inten.
and testor, to call to witnesstestis, a witness.]
detestable, de'-test'a-bl, adj., worthy of being de
tested; extremely hateful ; abominable. adv.
detest'&bly.. detest ableneas.
detestation, df-test-a'shun, n., act of detesting or
hating ; extreme hatred.
Dethrone, d-thrtm'. v. t. to removefrom a throne,
to divest of royal authority :pr.p. dethroning ;
Pa.p. dethroned'. [L. do, from, and Throne.]
dethronement, dC-thrOn'mcnt, n., removalfrom a
throne; deposition.
Detonate, der'O-nat, v.i. to come down or explode
with a sudden thundering report.v.t. to cause
to explode '-pr.p. det'Onating ; pa.p. detonated.
[L. detono-~de, down, and tono, to thunder.]
detonation, dct-O-na'shun, a sudden explosion.
Detour, dS-tOor7, n. lit. a turning a different way ;
a winding ; a circuitous way. [Fr., di, for L.
dis, asunder, and tour, a turningL. tomus, Gr.
tamos, a turner's lathe.]
Detract, de-trakt', v.t., to take awayfrom the credit
or reputation of ; to defame ; to abuse %Pr.p. de
tracting ;Pa.p. detracted.-adv. detract ingly. [L.
detraho,aetructus<xV,from, and traho, todraw.]
detraction, de-trak'shun, ., act of detracting; de
preciation ; slander.
detractor, de-trakt'or, n., one who detracts; a
slanderer.
Detriment, der*ri-ment, n., a rubbing offor wearing
away ; damage ; loss. [L. detrimentumde,
off, and tero, tritus, to rub.]
detrimental, det-ri-ment'al, adj. , causingdetriment ;
injurious.
detrition, de-trish'un, a wearing away.
detritus, de-trl'tus, n. a mass ofsubstance gradually
rubbed or worn off solid bodies., smaller than
debris. [L.]
Detrude, de-trOTd', v.t., so thrust down :pr.p. de
truding ; Pa.p. detrOd'ed. [L. de, down, and
trudo, to thrust.]
fate, far ; me, her ; mine ;
Devote
detruslon, de-tr57/zhun, n., a thrusting down.
Detrnncate, de-trungTcfit, v.t., to cut offfrom the
trunk ; to lop off ; to shorten '.pr\p. de"trun'cit-
ing ; pa.p. detrun'cated. [L. de, off, and trunco,
to lopiruncus, a trunk.]
detnmcatlon, dS-trung-kA'shun, n., act ofdetrun
cating or lopping off.
Deuce, dQs, n.t two; a card or die with two spots.
(Fr. deux, twoL. duo, two.]
Deuce, Dense, das, ., a demon; fhe deviL [low L.
dusius, Bret, tens, a demon.]
Deuterogamy, du-ter-oga-mi, n., a secondmarriage.
[Gr. deutcros, second, and games, marriage.]
Deuteronomy, dfl-tir-on'o-mi, n. the fifth book of the
Pentateuch, which contains the second giving of
the law by Moses. [Gr. deuteros, second, and
nomas, law.]
Devastate, devas-tat, v.t., to lay waste; to plunder:
pr.p. devastating ; pa.p. devastated. [L. de,
intensive, and vasto, to lay waste.]
devastation, dev-as-t'shun, act ofdevastating;
state of being devastated ; waste ; desolation.
Develop, de-vel'op, v.t., to unroll, to unfold ; to lay
open by degrees.v.i. to grow into ; to open out :
pr.p. devel'oping ; Pa.p. devel'oped. [Fr. devel-
Opperi prob. from L. de, down, and volvo, to roll.]
development, de-vel'op-ment, ., act of developing ;
a gradual unfolding ; a gradual growth.
Deviate, deVi-St, v.i., to gofrom the way ; to turn
aside from a certain course ; to err :Pr.p. deviat
ing ; Pa.p. deviated. [I* de, from, via, a way.]
deviation, de-vi-fi'shun, n., act of deviating; state
of having deviated ; a turning aside ; error.
devious, de'vi-us, adj., from or out of the way;
erring.adv. de'viotudy.n. de'viousness.
Device. See under Devise.
Devil, dcvl, n. lit. the slanderer or accuser; Satan ;
any evil spirit; a very wicked person.v.t. in
cookery, to pepper excessively. [A.S. deofol,
diobul; L. dtaooius ; Gr. diabolos, from diaballd,
to slanderdia, down, and ballff, to throw.]
devilish, devll-ish, adj., ofor like the devil; exces
sively bad.adv. devilishly.n. deVlllahnesi.
devilry, devll-ri, n.t conduct worthy ofthe devil;
extreme wickedness.
Devious. See under Deviate.
Devise, de-vTr*, v.t., to divide, distinguish, or form
in the mind ; to scheme ; to contrive : to give by
will ; to bequeath :pr.p. devising ; Pa.p. de
vised'.n, act of bequeathing ; a will ; property
bequeathed by will. [Fr. deviser; It divisare
L. divido, divisus, to divide.]
deviser, de-vlz'er, n., one who devises or contrives.
devisor, de-vlz'or, n., one who devises or bequeaths
by will.
device, de-vTs', ., t/tat which isdevisedor designed ;
contrivance ; power of devising ; genius ; in
heraldry, the emblem borne upon a shield.
Devoid, de-void', adj., quite void; destitute; free
from. [L. de, intensive, and Told.] t
Devoir, dev-wawr', ., what is due, duty ; service ;
an act of civility. [Fr.L. debeo, to owe.]
Devolve, de-volv*, v.t., to roll down; to flow; to
hand down ; to deliver over.v.i. to roll down ;
to fall or pass over '.Pr.p. devolving ; pa.p. de
volved'. [L. de, down, votvo, volutus, to rolL]
devolution, dev-o-lO'shun, ., act of devolving; a
passing from one person to another.
Devote, de-vot\ v.t., to vow; to set apart or dedicate
by solemn act ; to doom ; to give up wholly :-
mote ; mute ; mOon ; then.
123
 devoted
Pr.p.
zwtusde, away, and dfivOl'ed.
devOrtng ; A1-/- [L. devoveo, de-
voveo, to vow.]
devoted,dfi-vOr/ed, adj., addicted;stronglyattached;
zealous.adv. devofedly.n. devot'ednesa.
devotee, dev-O-te', ft,, one wholly or superstitiously
devoted, especially to religion ; a bigot.
devotion, dfi-v6'shun, act of devoting; state of
being devoted or devout: consecration; giving
up of the mind to the worship of God ; piety ;
prayer: strongffection or attachment; ardour.
devotional, dc-vo'shun-al, adj. , Pertaining or suit
able to devotion.adv. deWtdonilly.
devout, dE-vour/, adj., devoted to religion ; pious;
solemn; sincere.adv. devoutly., devout'nesa.
Devour, dfi-vour*, v.t., to swallowgreedily ; to eat
up : to consume or waste with violence or wanton
ness ; to destroy : to enjoy with avidity
dSvou/ing; Pa.p. devoured'. [L.
down, and voro, to swallow.]
devourer, d6-vour/er, ., one tv/io devours.
Devout. See under Devote.
Dew, dG, wet or moisture deposited on the sur
face of the earth from the air, chiefly at night.
v.t. to wetwith dew ; to moisten :pr.p. dewing ;
Pa.p. dewed'. [A.S. draw, Ger. than, dew; Gr.
deu5, to wet.]
dewy, dill, adj.,pertaining todew; moist with dew.
dewlap, dQlap, n. the loose flesh about the throat
of oxen, which laps or licks t/tc dew in grazing.
dewpolnt, dQ'point, n., the point or temperature at
which dew begins to form.
Dexter, deks'ter, adj. , on the right-hand side ;
right. [L. dexter; Gr. dexios; Sans, daksh.)
dexterity, deks-ter'i-ti, ., right-handedness; clever
ness ; readiness and grace of limb ; adroitness.
dexterous, deks'ter-us, adj., right-handed; adroit;
subtle.adv. dex'teroasly.n. dex'terousnese.
dextral, deks'tral, adj., right, as opposed to left
Dey, da, n. lit. a maternal uncle ; the title of the
governor of Algiers before the French conquest.
[Turk, ddi, a maternal uncle.]
Diabetes, dT-a-b'te"z, n. a morbid and excessive dis
charge of urine. [Gr. diabetes, from dia, through,
and baind, to go.]
diabetic, dT-a-becik, adj., pertaining to diabetes;
afflicted with diabetes.
Diabolic, dT-a-bol'ik, Diabolical, dl-a-borlk-al, adj.,
devilish.adv. dlabol'lcally. [Gr. diabolikos,
from diabolos, the devil.]
Dlaconal, Dlaconate. See under Deacon.
Diacritic, dT-a-krit'ik, Diacritical, dT-a-krit'ik-al, adj.,
separating or distinguishing between. [Gr. dia-
kritikosdia, between, and krind, to separate.]
Diadem, dl'a-dem, ., a band or fillet worn round
the head as a badge of royalty ; a crown ;
royalty. [Gr. diadlmadia, round, and deS,
to bind.]
diademed, dl'a-demd, adj., wearing a diadem.
Dlareala, Dieresle, dT-cr'S-sis, the separation of
one syllable into two; a mark {") placed over
one of two vowels to shew that each is to be
pronounced separately, as in aerial. [Gr.dia,
denoting separation, and haired, to take.]
Diagnosis, dl-ag-n5'sis, ., the judging or distin-
fuishing a disease by means of its symptoms ; a
rief description. [Gt.dia, between, and gin-
dskd, to judge.]
diagnostic, dl-ag-nos'tik, adj., distinguishing;
characteristic.. that by which anything is
known ; a symptom.
fate, far ; mC, her ; mine ;
"4
Diaper
Diagonal, dT-ag'5-nal, adj. , through the comers, or
from angle to angle of a four or many sided
figure.n. a straight line so drawn.adv. diag
onally. [L. diagonalis, from Gr. diagdniosdia,
through, and gdnia, a corner.]
Diagram, dfa-gram, *. lit. a writing or drawing
round; a figure or plan drawn to illustrate any
statement. [Gr. diagrammadia, round, and
graphs, to write, delineate.!
diagraph, dfa-graf, n. an instrument used in per
spective drawing.
Dial, dl'al, n. an instrument for shewing the time
of day by the sun's shadow ; the face of a watch
or clock, [low L. dialis, dailyL. dies, a day.)
diallst, dial-ist, n., a maker ofdials; one skilled in
dialling.
dialling, dl'al-ing, n. , tJu art ofconstructing dials*
Dialect, dfa-lckt, . lit. a speaking across or to
gether ; discourse ; language ; a variety or
peculiar form of a language. [Gr. dialektos
dia, through, and legd, to speak.]
dialectic, di-a-lek'tik, dialectical, dl-a-lck'tik-al, adj.,
pertaining to dialect or to discourse : Pertain
ing to dialectics; logical.adv. dlaleVtlcaUy.
[Gr. dialektikos.)
dialectics, di-a-lck'liks, n.pl,, art of discussing;
that branch of logic which teaches the rules and
modes of reasoning. [Gr. dialektiki \techni), an
of discussing by questioning, logic]
dialectician, di-a-lck-tish'an, n., one skilled in dia
lectics, a logician.
dialogue, dl'a-Tog, n., conversation between two or
more persons, esp. ofa formal or imaginary nature.
dlalogist, dl-al'o-jist, ., a speaker in, or writer of,
a dialogue.
dlaloglstlc, dl-al-o-jist'ik, dlaloglstical, dT-al-o-jist'-
ik-al, adj., relating to or having the form of a
dialogue.
Dialysis, dl-al'i-sls, n., a loosening; dixresis.pi.
Dialyaei, dl-al'i-scz. [Gr. dialysesdia, through,,
and /yd, to loose.]adj. dialyt'lc
Dlamagnetlc, dl-a-mag-netlk, adj., cross-magnetic ;
applied to any substance which when suspended
takes an east and west position, or one opposite
to that of the ordinary magnet. [Gr. dia,
through, across, and magnites, a magnet.]
Diameter, dT-am'c-ter, the measure through or
across ; a straight line passing through the
centre of a circle or other figure, terminated at
both ends by the circumference, and dividing
the figure into two equal parts ; the distance
through the centre of any object. [Gr. dia-
metrosdia, through, and metron, a measure.]
diametrical, dl-a-metrik-al, adj., relating to or
describing a diameter; in the direction of a
diameter; direct.adv. diametrically.
Diamond, dfa-mond, n. lit. adamant; the most
valuable of all gems and the hardest of all sub
stances : a four-sided figure with two obtuse and
two acute angles : the smallest kind of English
printing type, [corrupted from Gr. adamas,
adamantos, adamant.] See Adamant.
Diapason, dl-a-pa'zon, . the octave or interval
which includes all the notes ofthe scale ; the con
cord of the first and last notes of the scale. [Gr.
dia, through, and pasdn, genitive pi. o(pas, all
contr. from the Gr. phrase he dia pason chordttm
symphdnia, the concord through all the notes.)
Diaper, dT'a-pcr, n. variegated cloth, orig. like
jasper ; linen cloth avoven in figures, used for
mOte ; mate ; mBOn ; then.
 Diaphanous
towels, Secv.t. to variegate with figures, as
diaper:Pr.p. dl'apering; Pa.p. dT'apcred. iFr.
diapre ; old Fr. diaspre ; from root of Jasper ; or
cloth cCYpres, from Ypris, in Flanders.]
Diaphanous, dT-af'a-nus, adj., shining or appearing
through, transparent ; clear.adv. diaph'an-
oosly. [Gr. diapkanisdia, through, and
phaind, to shew, shine.]
diaphaneity, dl-af-a-nfi'i-tt, n., quality of Wing
diaphanous; power of transmitting light.
Diaphoretic, dl-a-fO-ret'ik, adj. lit. carrying
through; promoting perspiration.n. a medicine
that increases perspiration. [Gr. dia, through,
and pherd, to carry.]
Diaphragm, dl a-fram, n. a thin Partition or divid
ing membrane; the muscle which separates the
chest from the abdomen, called also the midriff.
[Gr. diaphragmadia, across,phrassd, to fence. ]
diaphragmatic, dT-a-frag-mat'ik, adj., pertaining to
tfu diaphragm.
Diarist. Sec under Diary.
Dlarrhcsa, dl-a-rC'a, n. lit. a flowing through; a
persistent purging or looseness of the bowels.
IGr. diarrnoiadia, through, and rhed, to flow.]
dlarrhcetlc, dl-a-ret'ik, adj., producing diarrhoea.
Diary, dfa-ri, . an account of each day's transac
tions, a journal. [L. diarium, from dies, a day.]
diarist, dni-rist, ., one who keeps a diary.
Diastole, dl-as'tO-le, n., a Placing asunder or
dilation of the heart, auricles, and arteries : the
making a short syllable long. [Gr. diastole
dia, asunder, and stcllo, to place.]
t iathermal, dl-a-ther'mal, adj., lettingheat through,
permeable by radiating heat. [Gr. dia, through,
and thermi, heat.]
Diatonic, di-a-ton'ik, adj., proceeding by tones, as
the natural scale in music.adv. dlaton'lcally.
[Gr. dia, through, and tonos, tone.]
Diatribe, di'a-trlb, n. Lit a rubbing through or
spending of time ; a continued discourse or dis
putation ; an invective harangue. [Gr. diatribe
dia, through, and tribd, to rub.]
Dibber, dib'cr, Dibble, dibl, n. a pointed tool used
for dabbing or pricking holes to put seed in.
dibble, dib'l, v.t. to plant with a dibble.v.i. to
make holes; to dip as in angling: pr.p. dibb'-
ling ; pa.p. dibbled, [dim. oxdib, a form of Dip.]
Die*. See under Die, for gaming.
Dlcephalons, di-sefa-lus, adj., two-headed. [Gr.
dlkephalosdis, two, and kephali, a head.]
Dicotyledon, dl-kot-i-lS'don, n. a plant having two
seed-lobes. [Gr. dis, two, and Cotyledon.]
dicotyledonous, dl-kot-i-le'don-us, adj., having two
cotyledons or seed-lobes.
Dictate, dik'tat, v.t., to say often or keep saying;
to tell another what to say or write : to commu
nicate with authority; to point out ; tocommand ;
to admonish '.Pr.p. dictating ; pa.p. dic'titcd.
n. an order, rule, or direction : impulse. [L.
dicto, dictatus, freq. oidico, to say, to speak.]
dictation* dik-ta'shun, n., act, art, or practice of
dictating.
dictator, dik-t5'tor, n., one who dictates ; one in
vested for a time with absolute authority.
dictatorial, dik-ta-tO'ri-al, adj., pertaining to or
like a dictator; absolute; authoritative.
dictatorship, dik-tytor-ship, n., the office of a dic
tator; term of a dictator's office.
Diction, dik'shun, a sayingor speaking ; manner
fate, far ; me", her ; mine ;
difficulty
ofspeaking or expression ; choice ofwords ; style.
[L. dictio, from dico, dictum, to say.]
dictionary, dik'shun-ar-i, ., a book containing the
words of a language alphabetically arranged,
with their meanings, &c ; a work containing
information on any department of knowledge,
alphabetically arranged. [Fr. dictionnaire.]
dictum, dik'tum, n., something said ; a saying; an
authoritative saying.//. dic'ta. [L.]
Did, didpast tense of Do.
Didactic, di-dak'tic, didactical, di-dak'tik-al, adj.
fitted or intended to teach; instructive ; percep
tive.adv. dldac'tlcally. [Fr. didactique, from
Gr. didaktikosdidaskS, to teach.]
Dldactyloua. di-dak'til-us, adj., two-toed or two-
fingered. [Gr. dis, twice, dactylos, a finger.]
Dldapper, did'ap-er, n. a water-bird that is con
stantly dipping or diving under water, also called
the dabchick. [for dibdapper, dipdapper, from
dib, dip, and dab, dap.]
Die, dT, v.i., to lose life; to perish: to wither ; to
languish ; to become insensible :pr.p. dy'ing ;
Pa.t* died (did) ; pa.p. dead (dcd). [Ice. deya,
Dan. doe, Scot, dee, A.S. dydan, to kill.]
Die, dT, n. a small cube used in gaming by being
thrown from a box; any small cubical body;
hazard.//. Dice, dis. [Fr. di, det, Prov. dat,
It dado, from L. datum, pa.p. ofdare, to throw :
or Ar. daddon, dadda, a game of dice.]
die, dT, n. a stamp for impressing coin, &c. ; the
cubical part of a pedestal.//, dies, dlz.
Diet, di'et, n., mode of living with especial refer
ence to food ; food prescribed by a physician ;
allowance ofprovision.v.t. to furnish with food.
v.i. to eat ; to take food according to rule :
Pr.p. dl'eting ; pa.f. dfetcd. [Fr. diete, It. dicta
L. diwta, Gr. dtaita, mode of living.]
dietary, dTet-ar-i, adj., pertaining to diet or the
rules of diet.n. course of diet ; allowance of
food, especially in large institutions.
dietetic, dl-ct-el'ik, dletetlcal, di-ct-etlk-al, adj.,
pertaining to diet or to the rules for regulating
it.. diitet'la, rules for regulating diet.adv.
dietet'lcally. [Fr. dietetique, from Gr. diatetikos.]
Diet, di'et, n. lit. a day of meeting, then the meet
ing itself; an assembly ofprinces and delegates,
the chief national council in several countries in
Europe, [low L. dictadies, a day.]
Differ, difer, v.i., to bear an opinion apart; to dis
agree ; to strive : to be unlike, distinct, or various :
fr.p. differing ; Pa.p. differed. [L. differo
dis, apart,fero, to bear.]
different, difer-cnt, adj., differing; distinct; sepa
rate; unlike; ,not the sameadv. differently.
TFr., L. differens, differentis, pr.p. of differo.}
difference, direr-ens, the state ofbeing different ;
the qualitydistinguishing one thing from another :
a contention or quarrel ; the point in dispute : the
excess of one quantity or number over another.
differential, dif-er-en'shal, adj., creating a differ
ence; in math., pertaining to a quantity or differ
ence infinitely small.
Dlmcttlt, difi-kult, adj., not easy; hard to be done ;
requiring labour and pains : hard to be pleased ;
not easily wrought upon or persuaded.adv,
difficultly. [L. diffici/is, old form dijfiaddis,
negative( andfacitis, easy.]
difficulty, difi-kul-ti, n., the state ofbeing difficult ;
laboriousncss ; obstacle ; objection : that which
cannot be easily understood or believed : embar
mOte ; mate ; mOon ; Men.
 Diffident
rasment of affairs; a perplexity: quarrel or
matter of dispute. [Fr. difficult* L. difficult.}
Diffident, difi-dent, adj., wantingfaith in; dis
trustful of one's self or of one's own ability ;
modest ; bashfuLadv. diff idently, [L.dtffidens,
diffidentis, pr.p. of diffido, to distrustdif, neg.
fido, to trust-fides, faith.]
diffidence, dif'i-dens, the state of being diffi
dent; want of confidence; want of self-reliance ;
modesty; bashfulness. [L. diffidentia.]
Diffuse, dif-fur*, v.t. , topourout all around; to send
out in all directions ; to scatter; to circulate; to
publish \pr.p. diffusing: diffused'.n.
dlffns'er. [L. diffundo, diffususdif, asunder,
/undo, to pour out.]
dlmue, dif-fus', adj.,diffused; widely spread; wordy;
not concise.adv. diffusely.n. dlflue'nsH.
diffused, dif-fuzd', adj., spread widely; loose; wild.
adv. diffuf'edly.n. diffos'etineas.
diffusible, dif-fUzlbl, adj., that may be diffused.
n. dlffoilbll'ity.
diffuilon, dif-fu'rhun, n., the act of diffusing; a
spreading or scattering abroad ; extension.
diffusive, du-fOs'iv, adj., having the quality ofdif
fusing; extending ; spreading widely.adv. dlf-
fua'lvely.n, diffua iveneas.
Dig, dig, v.t. lit. to make a ditch or trench ; to turn
up the earth ; to cultivate with a spade -fr.p.
digging : Pa.t. and Pa.p. dug, (obs.) digged .n.
digger. {A.S.dicianrftc, a ditch. Sec Dike, Ditch.]
Digmstxic, dl-gas/trik, adj., double-bellied, applied to
one of the muscles of the lower jaw. {low L.
digastricusGr. di, double, gaster, the belly.]
Digest, di-jest7, v.t. lit to carry in different direc
tions, to break down ; to dissolve food in the
stomach ; to soften by heat and moisture : to dis
tribute and arrange ; to prepare or classify in the
mind ; to think over.v.i. to be dissolved in the
stomach ; to be softened by heat and moisture :
Pr.p. digesting; Pa.P. digesr'ed.n. digester.
[L, aigero, digestusdi, asunder, gero, to bear.]
digeit, dl'jest, n., that which has been digested, or
methodically arranged ; a body of laws, esp. the
Justinian code of civil laws. [L. digesta, neut.
pi. of digestus, pa.p. of digero, to arrange.]
digestible, di-jest'ibl, adj., that may be digested;
easy of digestion. n. digestibility.
digestion, di-jesr/yun, n., the dissolving at the food
in the stomach ; orderly arrangement ; exposing
to slow heat, &c. [L. diges/io^]
digestive, di-jest/iv, adj., tending to cause digestion.
Digit, dijlt, n. lit. a finger; a finger's breadth or
3 inch ; from the habit of counting on the fingers,
any one of the nine figures: the rath part of
the diameter of the sun or moon. [L. digitus,
a finger or toe, akin to Gr. deiknumi, Sans, die,
to shew, to point out,]
digital, dylt-al, adj., pertaining to the fingers.
[L. digitalis.]
digitate-, dijl-tat, digitated, dijl-tat-ed, adi. con
sisting of severalfinger-like sections. [L. digi-
tatus, having fingersdigitus.\n. dlglU'tlon.
digltlgrade, dij i-ti-grad, adj., walking on the toes.
tt- an animal that walks on its toes, as the lion.
[I* digitus, andgradior, to step, to walk.]
Dignify, dig'ni-fl, v.t. lit to tnake worthy ; to invest
with honour ; to exalt :pr.p. dignifying ; pa.p.
dig'nified, [low L. dignificodignus, worthy,
facie, to make.]
dignified, dig'ni-fld, adj., marked with dignity;
exalted ; noble ; grave.
fate, far ; mi, her ; mine ;
126
Dill
*i*nrtT. dig'ni-ti, n.t the state of being worthy
or dignified; elevation of mind or character;
grandeur of mien : elevation in rank, place, &c. ;
degree of excellence ; preferment ; high office.
[Fr. dignitiV.. dignitasdignus.)
dignitary, diWi-tar-i, n. one in a dignifiedposition ;
one who holds an ecclesiastical rank above a
priest or canon. [Fr. dignitaireL. dignitas.}
Digraph, dl'graf, n., 'a double mark; two letters
which express but one sound, as ea in head. [Gr.
di, twice, double, graph/, a mark, a character
graphd, to write.]
Digress, di-gres', v.i., to step aside or go from the
main point or subject; to introduce irrelevant
matter :pr.p. digressing; pa.p. digressed'. [L.
digredior, dtgressusdit aside, gradior, to step. ]
digression, di-gresh'un, n., the act ofdigressing; a
part ofa discourse not upon the main subject.
digresalonaJ. di-gresh'un-al, digressive, di-greslv,
adj., Pertaining to or consisting of digression.
adv. dlgrtBs'ively.
Dihedral, dl-hE'dral, adj., having two bases, sides,
or surfaces. [Gr. di, double, hedra, a base.
Dike, dlk, n. , a trench or the earth dug out and
thrown up; a ditch ; a mound raised to prevent
inundation; in geol., a wall-like mass of igneous
rock in the fissures of stratified rocks.v.t. to
surround with a dike or bank '.pr.p. diking ;
Pa.p. diked'. [A.S. die; Fr. digue. See Dig.]
Dilaceratf), di-las'er-at, v.t., to rend or tear asun
der:pr.p. dilac/erating ; pa.p. dilac'crated.fa,
dUaceration. [L.di, asunder, and Lacerate.]
Dilapidate, di-Iapl-dat, v.t., to pull stone from
stone; to lay waste; to suffer to go to ruin.
v.i. to waste by decay or neglect : pr.p. duarr*-
idating; Pa.p. dilapidated.. dilsp'idator. [L.
dilaptdodi, asunder, lapis, lapidis, a stone.]
dilapidation, di-lap-i-da'shun, ., the state ofbeing
dilapidated ; impairing of church property by an
incumbent.
Dilate, dMit', v.t., to spread out in all directions j
to enlarge ; to relate at large.v.i. to widen ; to
swell out ; to speak at length :pr.p. dilating ;
pa.p. dilated.n. duster. [L. dilatedilatus,
pa.p. o(differodif, asunder,fere, to carry.]
dilatable, dl-lat/a-bl, adj., that may be dilated Or
expanded.n. dilatability.
dilatation, dil-a-ta'shun, dilation, dl-la'shun, n., the
act of dilating, or the state of being dilated;
expansion.
dilatory, dil'a-tor-i, adj. lit. extending or putting
off time ; slow ; given to procrastination ; loiter
ing ; tending to delay.adv. dilatorily. n.
dli atorlnees. [L. dilatoriusdilalo.)
Dilemma, di-lcm'a, n. an argument in which the
opponent is caught between two difficulties ; a
state of matters in which it is difficult to deter
mine what course to pursue. [L.Gr. dillmma
di, twice, double, lemma, anything received
lamband, to take, to seize.]
Dilettante, dil-et-tan'ta, n. one who delights in the
fine arts.//. dUettan'ti fte).n. dUettan'teism.
[It. pr.p. of diletare, to take delight inL.
delectare, to delight.]
Diligent, dill-jcnt, adj. lit. makinga choice, loving ;
attentive ; steady and earnest in application ;
industrious.adv. dil igently. [Fr.L. diligens,
diligentisdiligo, to choose, to love.]
diligence, dill-jens, ., the quality of being dili
gent; steady application ; industry.
Dill, dil, n. a plant, the seeds of which are used in
mote ; mQte ; mCOn ; //ten.
 Diluent
medicine. [A.S. dile, Ger. diU: prob. from the
root ofDoll, from itssoothing pain in the stomach.]
Diluent. See under Dilate.
Dilate, di-lur/, v.t. lit to wash away; to make
thinner or more liquid ; to diminish the strength,
flavour, &c of, esp. by mixing with water '.pr.p.
diluting ; pa.p. dUdced.n. dilution. [L. dituo,
diluiusat, away from, luo, to wash.]
diluent, diKQ-ent, adj., diluting; making weaker by
admixture, esp. ofwater.n. that which dilutes.
diluvlnm, di-lQ'vi-um, n, h't. a washing away; an
inundation or flood; in geol., a deposit of
sand, gravel, &c. made by former action of the
sea. [L. diluviumdiluo.]
diluvial, di-lG'vi-al, dlluvian, di-lu'vi-an, adj., per
taining to aflood, esp. that in the time of Noah ;
caused by a deluge.
dlluTlalist, di-lu'vi-al-ist, n. one who explains geolo
gical phenomena by The Flood.
Dim, dim, adj., dark; not bright or distinct;
obscure ; mysterious ; not seeing clearly.adj.
dlm'mlgh, somewhat dim.adv. dimly.n. dim'-
dhb. [A.S. dim, Ice. dimmr, dark.]
dim, dim, v.t., to make dim or dark; to obscure:
pr.p. dimming ; Pa.p. dimmed'.
Dimension, di-men'shun, n. usually inpi. , measure
in length, breadth, and thickness ; extent ; size.
[Fr.L. dimensiodimetier, dimensusdi, in
different directions, metior, to measure.]
Dimeter, dim'e-ter, adj., containing two metres or
measures.n. a verse of two measures. [L.
Gr. dimetrvsdi, twice, metron, a measure. ]
Diminish, di-minlsh, v.t., to make less; to take a
part from; to degrade.v.i. to grow or appear
less; to subside :pr.p. diminishing ;/a.^*. dim
inished.adj. dimlnlahable. [L. diminuodi,
apart, minuo, minutus, to lessenminor, less.]
diminuendo, di-min-Q-en'dd, adv. lit to be dimin
ished; in music, a direction to let the sound die
away, marked thus [It.L. diminuendus,
fut p. pass, of diminuo.]
diminution, dim-i-nu'shun, n., a diminishing or
lessening; decrease; degradation.
diminutive, dt-min'fl-tiv, adj., ofa diminished size ;
small ; contracted.n. mgram., a word formed
from another to express a little one of the kind.
adv. dlmln'ntlvely.n. dimin'utiveness.
DimUeory. See under Dismiss.
Dimity, diml-ti, n. a kind of stout cotton cloth,
striped or figured in the loom by weaving with
two threads of different colours in the warp. [It
dimito, Gr. dimitosdi, twice, mitos, a thread
ofthe warp ; or from Damietta in Egypt]
Dimorphism, d7-mor'tizm, n. the property of crystal
lising in two forms. [Gr. di, twice, morphi, form.]
dimorphous, dl-morTus, adj. having the property of
dimorphism.
Dimple, dim'pl, n., a small hollow, as if made by a
sharp point ; a small natural depression on the
face.v.i. to form dimples.v.t. to mark with
dimples '.pr.p. dim'pling ; pa.p. dim'pled. [akin
to obs. dimble, a cavity, and Dibble, from dib,
Scot. dab. to prick.]
dimply, dimpli, adj.,full ofdimples.
Din, din, n. a loud continued noise.v.t. to strike
with a continued or confused noise ; to annoy
with clamour :Pr.p. dinning; dinned.
[A.S. dyne, Ice. dyn, thunder, noise.]
Due, din', v.t., to take dinner.v.t. to give a din
ner to '.pr.p. dining ; pa.p. dined'. [Fr. diner,
fate, far ; mf, her ; mine ;
diplomatic
- old Fr. disner, It. disinare, low L. disnare ; perb,
from deccenareL. de, inten., and came, to dine.)
dinner, din'er, n. the chief meal of the day ; a feast.
Ding, ding, v.t., to throw or dash violently; to
urge or enforce.v.i. to ring or sound :pr.p.
dinging ; Pa.p. dinged'. I.A.S. dencgan, to
knock, Scot ding, Ice. dengia, to drive, to beat}
dmgdong, dingMong, n., thesound ofbells ringing ;
monotony ; sameness,
dingle, ding'gl, ., a little holloiu as if made by a
blow; a narrow hollow between hills.
Dingle-dangle, ding'gl-dang'gl, adv. hanging loose;
swinging backwards and forwards, [old Sw.
dingl-dangldingla, to dangle.]
Dingy, din'ji, adj. of a dim or dark colour; dull ;
soiled.n. dln'gmess. [akin to Dim, and Dun.]
Dinner. See under Dtne.
Dint, dint n. orig. a blow or stroke; the mark left
by a blow; force, power. [A.S., Ice. dynt, a
blow ; Scot, dunt, a blow with a dull sound.]
Diocese, dffi-ses, n. lit. housekeeping, administra
tion ; the circuit or extent of a bishop's jurisdic
tion. [Gr. dtoikisisdioiked, to keep house
di, for dia, sig. completeness, oikeS, to manage
a householdoikos, a house. ]
diocesan, dl-os'es-an, or dl-O-se'san, adj., pertaining
to a diocese.n. a bishop as regards his diocese.
Dioptric, dl-op'trik, Dioptrical, dl-op'trik-al, adj.,
thatmaybe seen through; pertaining to dioptrics.
[Gr. dioptrikosdi, through, opsomai, fut of
horad, to see.]
dioptrics, dl-op'triks, n.pl. the science of the proper
ties of light in passing through different mediums.
diorama, dT-o-r.Vma, n. an exhibition of pictures,
illuminated, and viewed through an opening in
the wall ofa darkened chamber. [Gr. di, through,
karat, to see.]adj. dloram'ic.
Dip, dip, v.t., to dive or plunge into any liquid for
amoment; to ladle.v.i. tosink; toenterslightly;
to look cursorily ; to incline downwards :pr.p.
dipping; pa.p. dipped'.n. inclination down
wards; a sloping. [A.S. depan, dyppan, Ger.
taufen, to immerse.]
dip-chick, dip'-chik, n. Same as dabchlck.
dipper, dip'er, ., theperson or thing that dips; a
genusofbirds ofthe thrush family,which seektheir
food by dipping or diving into streams or lakes.
Dlpetelous, dl-pct'a-Ius, adj., having two petals.
[Gr. di, twice, and Fetal.]
Diphtheria, dif-the'ri-a, n. a disease in which the
air-passages, esp. the throat, become inflamed
and covered with a leathery-like membrane. [Gr.
diphthera, a piece of leather.]
Diphthong, dif'thong, or dip'thong, ., two vowel-
sounds pronounced as one. [Fr. diphthongue, L.
dipktkongusGr. di, twice,phthongos, a sound.)
diphthongal, dif-thong'gal, or dip-thong'gal, adj. of
or relating to a diphthong.adv. diphthong ally.
Diploma, di-plfl'ma, n. orig. a state letter of recom
mendation, so called because it consisted of two
leaves; a writing conferring some honour or pri
vilege. [L. diploma, from Gr. diploma, a letter
folded doublediploS, to double.]
diplomacy, di-plo'ma-si, ., the actingby a diploma ;
the art of negotiation, esp. that of treaties be
tween states: political skill.
dlplomate, di-plO'mai, n., a diplomatist.
diplomatic, dip-lO-matlk, diplomatic*!, dip-tS-marlk-
al, adj.j pertaining to diplomacy; skilful in
negotiation : relating to diplomatics.
mote ; mute ; ntOQn ; Men.
i>7
 diplomatic
diplomatic, dip-ls-mat'ik, n. a minister at a foreign
court.pl. the science of deciphering ancient
writings, as diplomas, &c. [Fr. diplomatique.']
diplomatist, di-plO'ma-Ust, ., one skilled in diplo
macy.
Dipper. See under Dtp.
Dips**, dip'sas, n. an Asiatic and American tree-
snake whose bite is said to cause intense thirst.
[Gr. dipsasdipsa, thirst.]
Dipsomania, dip-s$-ma'ni-a, n. a confirmed mania
or insane thirst for alcoholic stimulants. [Gr.
dipsa, thirst, and mania, madness.]
Dipteral, dip'ter-a!, Dipterous, dir/ter-us, adj., having
two wings. [Gr. di, twice, pteron, a wing.)
dipteran, dip'tcr-an, n. an insect having only two
wings, asthe house-fly.pi. dip'teraas, ordlp'tera.
Dlptote, dip'tOt, n. a noun which has only two case
endings. [Gr. diptHosdi, V*t'vx,ptdtos, fallen
piptd, to fall.]
Dire, dTr, direful, dlrTooI, adj.,fearful ; dreadful ;
calamitous in a high degree ; sad and dismal
[L. dims, perhaps akin to Gr. deidd, to fear.]
adv. dire'folly.n. dire'fulness.
Direct, di-rekr*, adj., quite straight; straightfor
ward ; in the line ofdescent : outspoken ; sincere.
w.t. to keep or lay quite straight ; to point or
aim straightly or correctly: to point out the
proper course to; to guide; to order: to mark
with the name and residence of a person '.pr.p.
directing ; Pa.p. directed.adv. directly.
direct new, [L. dirigo, directusdi, completely,
and regot to rule, to make straight.]
direction, di-rck'shun, n., act of directing ; aim at
a certain point ; the line or course in which any
thing moves : guidance ; command : the body of
persons who guide or manage a matter : the
written name and residence ofa person.
directive, di-rek'tiv, adj., havingPower or tendency
to direct.
director, di-rek'tor, ., one who directs; a manager
or governor ; a counsellor : part of a machine or
instrument which guides its motion.Jem . direct'-
ress or direct rix.
directorate, di-rek'tor-St, directorship, di-rek'tor-ship,
n., the office of, or a body of directors.
directorial, di-rek-to'ri-al, adj., pertaining- to di
rectors; giving direction.
directory, di-rek'tor-i, adj., containing directions ;
guiding. a body of directions ; a guide ; a
book with the names and residences of the in
habitants of a place : a body of directors*
Direful, &c See under Dire.
Dirge, derj, n. lit direct(us) ; a funeral song or
hymn, [contracted from dirige, the first word
ofa Latin funeral hymn, from dirigo, to direct.]
Dirk, derk, n. a dagger or poniard. [Scot, durk;
Gael, dure.]
Dirt, dert, n., dung,
stance.v.t. same excrement; any filthy
as dirty:pr.p. sub;
dirtying
Pa.p. dirt'ed. [A.S. gedritan, Scot, drite, to ease
one's self; Ice. drit, excrement.]
dirty, deifi, adj., defiled with dirt; foul; filthy;
mean.v.t.to soil withdirt; tosully:pr.p. dirry-
ing'.Pa.p. dirt'ied.adv. dirtily.n. dlrt'iness.
Disable, dis-a'bl, v.t., to make unable; to deprive
of power ; to weaken ; to disqualify '.pr.p. dis
abling ; P&-P- disabled. [L. dis, pnv., and Able.]
disability, dis-a-bil'i-ti, state of being disabled;
want of power ; want of legal qualification.
Disabuse, dis-a-buz*, v.t, tofretfrom abuse ox mis-
fate, far ; me, her ; mine ;
128
Disaster
take ; to undeceive ; to set right. [L. dis% priva
tive, and Abuse. ]
Disadvantage, dis-ad-van'tSj, n., want of advant
age ; what is unfavourable to one's interest :
loss ; injury. [L. dis, negative, and Advantage.!
disadvantageous, dis-ad-van-ti'jus, adj., attended
with disadvantagei unfavourable.adv. disad-
vantagWiBly.
Dlaaflect, dis-af-fekt', v. t., to takeaway the affection
of; to make discontented or unfriendly.adv.
disaffect'edly.n. disaffect edneas. [L. dis, priv.,
and Affect]
disaffection, dis-af-fek'shun, n., state ofbeing dis
affected; want of affection or friendliness; dis
loyalty ; hostility ; ill-will.
Disaffirm, dis-af-ferm', v.t. to deny (what has been
affirmed) ; to contradict. [ L. dis, ncg., & Affirm.]
Disafforest, dis-af-for'est, v.t., to dej>rive of the
privilege offorest laws '.pr.p. disafforesting ;
pa.p. disafforested. [L. dis, priv., L. ad, to, and
Forest.]
Disagree, dis-a-grfc"', v.t., not to agree; to differ or
be at variance ; to dissent [L. dis, ncg., & Agree. }
disagreeable, dis-a-grc'a-bl, adj., not agreeable ;
unpleasant ; offensive.- disagree'ableneaa.adv.
disagreeably.
disagreement, dis-a-gre'mcnt,n., wantofagreement ;
act of disagreeing ; difference ; unsuitableness .
dispute.
Disallow, dis-al-low*, v.t., not to allow; to refuse
permission to ; to deny the authority of; to reject
[L. dt's, negative, and Allow.]
disallowable, dis-al-low a-bl, adj., not allowable.
disallowance, dis-al-low'ans, n., act ofdisallowing.
Disannul, dis-an-nul', v.t., to annul completely. [L.
dis, intensive, and Annul.]. dlsannul'ment,
disannul) Ing.
Disappear, dis-ap-peV, v.i, to cease to appear; to
vanish from sight [L. dis, ncg., and Appear.]
disappearance, dis-ap-peVans, ., act of disappear
ing; removal from sight
Disappoint, dis-ap-point/, v.t. to hinder from the
attainment of what was appointed, intended, or
hoped ; to frustrate. [L. dis, neg., and Appoint.]
disappointment, dis-ap-point'ment, ., act of disap
pointing; state of being disappointed ; miscar
riage ; frustration.
Disapprobation. Sec under Disapprove.
Disapprove, dis-ap-prOoV, v.t., not to approve; to
give an unfavourable opinion of; to reject.adv.
disapprovingly. [L. dis, negative, and Approve.]
disapproval, dis-ap-prSoVal, disapprobation, dis-ap-
prO-bS'shuu, act of disapproving; censure ;
dislike.
Disarm, dis-5rm', or diz-, v.t., to deprive of arms;
to render defenceless ; to quell ; to render harm
less. [L. dis, priv., and Arm.] ti. disarm'ament.
Disarrange, dis-ar-ranj', v.t., to deprive ofarrange
ment; to disturb the order of, to disorder. [L.
dis, priv., and Arrange.]n. disarrangeWnt.
Disarray, dis-ar-ra', v.t., to break the array of; to
throw into disorder : to strip of array or dress.
n. want of array or order : undress. [L. dis,
privative, and Amy.]
Disassociate, dis-as-so'shi-5t, v.t. to disconnect
things associated. [L. dis, priv., and Associate,]
Disaster, diz-as'ter, n. orig. the blast or stroke ofan
unpropitious star: an adverse or unfortunate
event ; a misfortune ; calamity. [L. dis, nega
tive, and astrum, Gr. astron, astir, a star.]
mOte; mate; mCOn; Men.
 disastrous
disastrous, diz-as'trus, adj., ill-starred; unpro-
pitious ; unfortunate.adv. disas'trously.
Disavow, dis-a-vow/, v./,, to refuse to avow or ac
knowledge ; to disclaim ; to disown ; to deny.
[L. dis, negative, and Avow.]
disavowal, dis-a-vow'al, n., act ofdisavowing ; re
jection ; denial.
Disband, dis-band', v.t., to break up a band; to
disperse.v.i. to break up. [L. dis, priv., and
Band.]
dlsbandment, dis-band'ment, n., act ofdisbanding.
Disbelieve, dis-be-leV, v.t., not to believe; to refuse
belief or credit to. [L. dis, ncg., and Believe.]
disbeliever, dis-be'-leVer, n., one who disbelieves.
disbelief, dis-b-lef, n.^want of belie/; act of dis
believing.
Disburden, dis-hur'dn, Disbnrthen, dis-bur'Mn, v.t.,
to -unburden or rid of a burden ; to free,v.i. to
ease the mind (poet.). [L. dis, priv., and Borden.]
Disburse, dis-burs', v.t., to takefrom thepurse; to
pay out :fr.p. disbursing ; Pa.p. disbursed'.
[Fr. dibourserde, from, and bourse, a purse.]
disbursement, dis-burs'ment, n., act of disbursing;
that which is disbursed or paid out.
Disbnrthen. Same as Disburden.
Disc, Disk, disk, n. lit. a roundplate, a quoit ; the
face of a round plate ; the face of a celestial
body. [A. S. disc, L. discus, Gr. diskos, a round
plate, a quoit, from dikein, to cast. See Desk, Dish.]
discoid, dis'koid, dlscoldaL dis-koid'al, adj., having
theform ofa disc. [Gr. diskos, and etaos, form.]
discoid, disTcoid, ., anything in theform ofa disc,
dlscous, disk'us, adj., disc-luce; broad; flat
Discard, dis-kard', v.t. lit. to throw useless cards
out of the hand ; to cast off; to discharge ; to
reject :pr.p. discard'ing;/a./. discard'ed. [L,
dis, away, and Card.]
Discern, diz-zern', v.t., to see orperceive separately,
or in all its parts ; to distinguish clearly by the
eye or understanding ; to judge :pr.p. discem'-
ing ; Pa.p. discerned'. [L. dis, thoroughly, and
cemo, to sift, perceive.]
discerner, dtz-zem'er, ., a person or thing that
discerns.
discernible, diz-zem'i-bl, adj., that may be dis-
cemed; distinguishable-adv. discern lbly.
discernment, diz-zern'ment, n.,act of discerning;
power or faculty of discerning ; judgment.
Discharge, dis-charj', v.t., to free from a charge;
to unload or remove the cargo ; to set free ; to
acquit ; to dismiss : to Are, as a gun ; to let out
or emit.*. act of discharging ; unloading: ac-
r'ttance; dismissal: that which is discharged:
t which discharges or releases. [L. dis, priv.,
and Charge.]n. duwhars/er.
Disciple, dis-sl'pl- n., a learner; one who professes
to receive instruction from another : one who
follows or believes in the doctrine of another ;
a follower. [ L. discipulus, from disco, to learn.]
n. dlscl'pleshlp.
discipline, dis'si-plin, n., instruction: training, or
mode of life in accordance with rules ; subjec
tion to control ; order : severe training ; misfor
tune; punishment*v.t. to subject to discipline;
to train ; to educate : to bring under control ; to
chastise 'fr.p. disciplining; Pa.p. disciplined.
I L. disciplma, from discipulus.]
disciplinable, dis'si-plin-a-bl, adj., capable of dis
cipline, training, or instruction,
disciplinarian, dis-si-plin-Ji'ri-an, adj.,pertaining to
fate, far ; m6, her ; mine ;
I ug
disoontinuaD.ce
discipline.n. one who disciplines or enforces
rigid rule.
disciplinary, dis'si-plin-ar-i, adj., pertaining to or
intended for discipline.
Disclaim, dis-klara', v.t., to renounce claim to; to
refuse to acknowledge ; to reject [L. dis, priva
tive, and Claim.]
disclaimer, dis-klam'er, n., one who disclaims; a
denial, disavowal, or renunciation.
Disclose, dis-kloY, v.t., to unclose; to open ; to lay
open ; to bring to light ; to reveal [L. dis, nega
tive, and Close.]
disclosure, dis-klO'zhGr, act of disclosing; a
bringing to light or revealing: that which is
disclosed or revealed.
Discoid. See under Disc.
Discolour, dis-kul'er, v.t., to take away colour
from; to change the natural colour of; to alter
the appearance of. [L. dis, privative, and Colour.]
discoloration, dis-kul-er-a'shun, n., act ofdiscolour
ing; state of being discoloured ; stain.
Discomfit, dis-kum'fit, v.t., to disarrange ; to dis
concert, to balk ; to defeat or rout :pr.p. dis-
com'fiting ; pa.p. discom'nted. [L. dis, sig.
the opposite, and conficio, to preparecon,
thoroughly.f/fcw, to make.]
discomfiture, dis-kum'nt-Or, act ofdiscomfiting;
state of being discomfited ; frustration ; defeat.
Discomfort, dis-kum'furt, n., want ofcomfort; un
easiness ; pain ; sorrow.v.t. to deprive of com
fort ; to make uneasy ; to pain ; to grieve. [L.
dis, privative, and Comfort-]
Discommend, dis-kom-mend', v.t., to withhold com
mendation; to blame. [L. dis, privative, and
Commend.]
Discommon, dis-kom'un, V.t., to deprive of the
right ofcommon, or of the privileges ofa place :
Pr.p. discommoning ; Pa.p. discomm'oncd. [L.
dis, privative, and Common.]
Discompose, dis-kom-poY, 'v.t., to take away the
composure of; to disarrange, to disorder; to
disturb. [L. dis, privative, and Compote.]
discomposure, dis-kom-pG'zhur, n., state of being
discomposed; disorder ; agitation.
Disconcert, dis-kon-serf, v.t., to deprive ofconcert,
harmony, or agreement ; to disturb ; to frustrate ;
to defeat [L. dis, privative, and Concert.]
Disconnect, dis-kon-nekt1, v.t., to deprive of con
nection ; to separate or disjoin.n. disconnec'-
tlon. [L. dis, privative, and Connect.]
Disconsolate, dis-kon'so-Llt, adj., without consola
tion or comfort ; hopeless ; sad.adv. discon'-
olately.n. dlscon'solateness. [L. dis, privative,
and consolor, consolatus, to console.]
Discontent, dis-kon-tenr*, adj., not content; dis
satisfied; uneasy.. want of content ; dissatis
faction ; uneasiness.v.t. to deprive of content ;
to make uneasy. [L. dis, negative, and content.]
discontented, dis-kon-tcnted, adj. discontent.adv.
discontent'edly.n. dlscontent'edness.
discontentment, dis-kon-tent/ment state ofbeing
discontented; uneasiness.
Discontinue, dis-kon-tin'fl, v.t., to cease to continue;
to put an end to ; to leave off; to stop.v.i. to
cease ; to be separated from. [L. dis, negative,
and Continue.]
discontinuance, dis-kon-tin'fl-ans, discontinuation, dis-
kon-tin-Q-a'shun, ., act ofdiscontinuing; state
of being discontinued; a breaking off; cessation.
mOte ; mute ; mOOn ; then.
 Discord Disenchant
discrete,
Discord, disTcord, want of Heart or concord ; disjunctive ;opposite dis-kreV, or dis', adj., separate; distinct ;
disagreement, strife ; difference or contrariety of dlscretlve, dis-krt iv, adj.,ofseparating; Concrete,
disjunctive.
Qualities ; a union of inharmonious sounds. [L. adv. dlscretively.
dis, privative, and cor, cordis, the heart.] Discrepant, dislcrep-ant, ordls-krep', adj. lit. sound
discordant, dis-kordant, adj., with discord ; with
out concord or agreement ; inconsistent; jarring. ing differently ; disagreeing ; different. [L. dis,
different, and crepans, pr.p. of crepo, to sound.)
adv. discordantly.
discordance, dis-kord'ans, discordancy, dis-kord'an- discrepance, dislcrep-ans, or dis-krep', discrepancy-,
si, state ofbeingdiscordant; disagreement. dis'krep-an-si, or dis-krep', n., state or quality of
Discount. disTcount, .,asum Xakcnfrom thecountor Discrete, being discrepant or different ; disagreement.
reckoning ; a sum returned to the payer of an Discretion, &c. See under Discreet.
account ; a deduction made for interest in ad Discriminate, dis-krim'i-n5t, v.t., to discern qxsepar
vancing money on a bill. [L. dis, priv. and ate between ; to note the difference ; to dis
tinguish; to select from others.v.i. to make a
Count.]dis-kount', v.t., to leave out ofthe count; difference
discount, or distinction ; to distinguish :Pr.p.
, to allow discount ; to advance money on, deduct discriminating; Pa.p. discriminated.adv. dis-
ing discount.v.i. to practise discounting. crlm'lnately. [L. discriminodiscrimen, that
discountable, dis-kount'a-bl, adj., that may be dis discrimination,
which separatesroot of Discern.] n., act of dis
dis-krim-i-nS'shun,
counted. criminating; quality of being able to discrimin
Discountenance, dis-koun'te-nans, v.t., to put cut of ate ; acutcness, discernment,
countenance; to abash: to refuse countenance or discriminative, dis-krim'i-na-tiv, judgment,
support to ; to discourage.. cold treatment ; inates, or marks a differenceadj., that discrim
; characteristic ;
disapprobation. [L. dis, priv., and Countenance.] observing distinctions.adv. discrlminatively.
Discourage, dis-kur'aj, v.t., to take away the cour Discunlon, Discursive. See under Discourse.
age of, to dishearten ; to seek to check by shew Discuss, dis-kus', v.t., toshake asunder, or separate
ing disfavour to '.pr.p. discouraging ; Pa.p. dis into parts : to examine in detail, or by dispu
couraged. [I* dis, privative, and Courage.] tation ; to debate; to sift:Pr.p. discuss'ing;
discouragement, dis-kuraj-ment, act of discour Pa. p. discussed'. [L. discutio, discussumdis,
aging; that which discourages; dejection. asunder, and quatio, to shake.]
Discourse, dis-kOrs', n. lit. a running to andfro ; discussion, dis-kush'un, n., act of discussing; de
speech or language generally; conversation: a bate : in surg., dispersion of a tumour,
treatise ; a sermon :v.i. to talk or converse ; to dlscusslve, dis-kus'iv, dlscutient, dis-kQ'shi-ent. adj.,
reason ; to treat formally.v.t. to utter or able or tending to discuss or disperse tumours.
give forth :;Pr.p. discoursing ; Pa.p. discoursed'. Disdain, dis-dSn', v.t., to think unworthy ; to re
[L. discursusdis, to and fro, curro, to run.] ject as unworthy or unsuitable ; to scorn '.pr.p.
dlacursion, dis-kur'shun, n., a running about; de disdaining ; pa.p. disdained'.n. a feeling of
sultory talk : act of discoursing or reasoning.
discursive, dis-kur'siv, adj., running from one scorn L.
or aversion ; haughtiness. [Fr. didaigner
dedignorde, priv., and dignus, worthy.]
thing to another; roving, desultory : proceeding
regularly from premises to conclusion.adv. dis- disdainful,haughty ;
dis-daVfool, adj., full of disdain ;
scornful.-adv. cUsdain'fully.. dis
eur'slvBly. dain fulness.
Discourteous, dis-kurr/yus, adj., uncourteous; un Disease, diz-eV, n. lit. want of ease, hencepain ;
civil ; wanting in good-manners ; rude.adv.
dlscourt'eoualy.n. dlscourt'eousness. [L. dis, disorder ment;
or want of health m mind or body : ail
illness; cause of pain; distemper. [L.
negative, and Courteous.] dis, priv., and Ease.]
discourtesy, dis-kurt'e-si, ivant of courtesy; in diseased, diz-Czd', adj., affected with disease.n.
civility, diseas'edness.
Dlscous. See under Disc. Disembark, dis-em-bark', v. t, to land what has been
Discover, dis-kuVer, v.t., to uncover; to lay open embarked ; to take out of a ship; to land.v.i.
or expose : to make known : to find out ; to espy. to quit a ship ; to land. [L. dis, priv., and
n. discoverer. [L. dis, ncg., and Cover.] Embark.] dis-em-bar-k5'shun, disembarkment,
discoverable, dis-kuv'er-a-bl, adj., that may be dis disembarkation,
covered. dis-em-bark'ment, act ofdisembarking.
discovery, dis-kuVer-i, n., act ofdiscovering ox find Disembarrass, dis-em-bar/as[ v.t., tofreefrom em
ing out ; the thing discovered ; revelation. barrassment or perplexity. [L. dis, privative,
Discredit, dis-kredlt, n., want ofcredit; bad credit ; and Embarrass.J
ill repute ; disgrace.v.t. to refuse credit to, or
belief in : to deprive of credibility: to deprive of Dlsembodv, dis-cm-bodl, v.t., to take awayfrom or
out of the body; to discharge from military ser
credit ; to disgrace. [L. dis, priv., and Credit.] vice or array. [L. dis, privative, and Embody.]
discreditable, dis-kred'it-a-bl, adj., not creditable; Disembogue, dis-em-bOg', v.t* to discharge at the
disgraceful.adv. discreditably. mouth as a stream :pr.p. disemboguing ; As./,
Discreet, dis-kreV, adj., having discernment ; disembogued'.n. disembogue'ment. [Sp. deseiii-
wary; circumspect; prudentadv. discreetly. bocar; Fr. s'emboucherh. dis, asunder! and
n. discreet'nesa. [L. discretusdiscemo, to bucca, a cheek, the mouth.]
separate, to perceive. See Discern.]
discretion, dis-kresh'un, n., quality of being dis Disembowel, dis-em-bow'cl, v.t., to take out ike
bowels. [L. dis, intensive, and Embowel.]
creet ; prudence ; liberty to act at pleasure. Disembroil, dis-em-broil', v.t.t tofreefrom broil or
discretional, dis-kresh'un-al, discretionary, dis-kresh'- confusion. [I* dis, privative, and Embroil. ]
uu-ar-i, adj., left to discretion; unrestrained. Disenchant, dis-en-chant',r.fM tofreefrom rnchant-
advs. dlscretionany, discre'tlonarlly.
fate, far; me", her; mine; mOte;
130
 Disencumber disjunct
ment.. disenchantment. [L. dis, priv., and dis, priv., and gustus, a tasting, akin to Gr. geudt
to make to taste.]
', dis-en-kun/bir, v.t., to free from en- disgusting, diz-gusting, or dis-, adj., causing dis
ce; to disburden.n. dJsencum'brance. gust; loathsome; hateful.adv. disgustingly.
[L. dis, privative, and Encumber.]
Disengage, dis-en-gaj', v.t., to separate or free from Dish, dish, n., a plate; a vessel in which food is
served ; the food in a dish ; a particular kind of
being engaged; to separate ; to set free ; to re food.v.t. to put in a dish, for table \~Pr.p.
lease. [L. dis, priv., and Engage,] dish'ing ; Pa.p. dished'. [A.S. disc, a plate, a1
disengagement, 6Us-en-gaJ'ment, n., act of dis dish, a table. See Desk, and Disc]
engaging; state of being disengaged ; release ; Dishabille, dis-a-bil'. Same as Deshabille.
leisure.
Disennoble, dis-en-nOTjl, v.t., to deprive of what courage, ordis-hartn,
Dishearten, v.t., to deprive of heart,
spirits ; to discourage ; to depress :
ennobles; to degrade. [L. dis, priv., and Ennoble.] pr.p. disheartening ; Pa.p. disheartened. [L. dis,
Disentangle, dis-en-tang'gl, v.t., to free from en privative, and Heart.]
tanglement or disorder ; to reduce to order ; to Dishevel,
1 ; to disengage or set free.n. disentangle- cause the hair to hang loose.v.i. the
di-shcVel, v.t., to disorder hair; to
to spread in
[L. dis, privative, and Entangle.] disorder:/r./. dishevelling ; pa.p. dishev'elled.
L Same as Disinthral [old Fr. deschsvelerdes, wachevel, hairL.dis,
Disenthrone, dis-en-thrOn', v.t., to dethrone. [L. in different directions, capiltus, the hair.]
dis, privative, and Enthrone. ] Dishonest, diz-on'est, adj., not honest; wanting
Disentitle, dis-en-tftl, v.t., to deprive oftitle. [L. integrity; faithless; disposed to cheat ; insincere.
dis, privative, and Entitle.] adv. dlihon'eetly. [L.dis, negative, and Honest.]
Disentomb, dis-en-tOOm', v.t., to take outfrom a dishonesty, diz-on'es-ti, *., want of honesty or
tomb. [L. dis, privative, and Entomb.] integrity ; faithlessness ; a disposition to cheat.
Disentrance, dis-en-trans', v.t., to awakenfrom a Dishonour, diz-on'ur, n., want ofhonour; disgrace ;
trance or deep sleep ; to arouse from a reverie. shame; reproach.v.t. to deprive of honour; to
[L. dts, privative, and Entrance.] disgrace ; to cause shame to ; to seduce ; to
Diseiteem, dis-es-tem', n., want of esteem; dis degrade : to refuse the payment of, as a bill.n.
regard.v.t., to withholdesteem; to disapprove; dishonourable, dlshon'onnr. [L. dis, privative, and Honour.]
to dislike.n. dbestlma'tion. [L. dis, privative, honour; disgraceful. diz-on'ur-abl, adj. having no sense of
adv. iiiEhonc.ura.bly.
dis-fttvur, ., want of favour; dis- Disincline, dis-in-klln, v.t., to turn away inclina
; dislike.v.t. to withhold favour from; tion from ; to excite the dislike or aversion of.
[L. dis, privative, and Incline.]
[ L. dis, privative, and Favour.]
. dis-fig'Qr, v.t., to spoil thefigure of; to disinclination, dis-m-klin-a'shun, n,,wantofinclina
tion; unwillingness,
change to a worse form ; to spoil the beauty of; disinclined, dis-in-kllnd', adj.t not inclined; averse.
to deform. [L. dis, privative, and Figure.]
disfiguration, dis-fig-Or-u'shun, disfigurement, dts- Disincorporate, dis-in-kotpor-at, v.t., to deprive of
fig^ur-ment, n., the act of disfiguring; state of corporate rights. [ L. dis, priv., and Incorporate.]
being disfigured ; defacement of beauty. ELinfect, dis-in-fekt, v.t., tofreefrom infection.
Disfranchise, dis-fran'chir, v.t., to deprive of a disinfectant, . dlsinfec'tlon. [L. dis, privative, and Infect.]
franchise, or of rights and privileges, esp. that destroys thedis-in-fektant, causes of infection.
n., anything that
ofvoting fbra M.P. :fr.p. disfran'chising ;pa.p.
disfranchised. [L. dis. priv,, and Franchise.] Disingenuous, dis-in-jen'u-us, adj., not ingenuous;
disfranchisement, dis-fran'chiz-ment, n., the act of not frank or open ; unfair ; crafty.adv. dlsln-
depriving, or the _ state of being deprived, of gen aonsly.n. dlslngen'nousnsss. [L. dis, negative,
certain rights or privileges. and Ingenuous.]
Disgorge, dis-gorj', v.t., to dischargefrom the gorge Disinherit, dis-in-hetit, v.t., to cut offfrom heredi
or throat; to vomit : to throw out with violence ; tary rights; to deprive of an inheritance. [L.
to give up what has been seized. [L. dis, neg dis, privative, and Inherit, jn. disinher itance.
ative, and Oorge.]n. disgorgement. Disintegrate, dis-in'tS-grSt, or di/-, v.t., to separate
Disgrace, dis-graY, n., state ofbeing out ofpvsce or into integrant parts. [L. dis, negative, and
favour, or of being dishonoured : cause ofshame ; integrate.}adj. dlsln'tegrsble.n, dlslntegrs'tlon.
dishonour.v.t. to put out of favour; to bring Disinter, dis-in-tit, v.t., to take out ofa grave; to
disgrace or shame upon '.pr.p. disgrSc'ing ; pa.p. bring from obscurity into view. [L. dis, nega
disgraced'. [L. dis, privative, and Grace.] tive, and Inter.] n. disinterment.
disgraceful, dis-graYfoof, adj., bringing disgrace; Disinterested,
causing shame ; dishonourable.adv. disgrace'- or influenceddis-in'ter-est-ed, adj., not interested,
by private feelings or considera
fnUy.n. disgrace'fulness. tions; impartial.-adv. disinterestedly.n. dls-
Disguise, dis-glt, v.t., to change t?te guise or ln'terestedness. [L. dis, negative, and interested.]
appearance of; to conceal by a dress intended Disinthral, dis-in-thrawl', v.t., to setfreefrom thral
to deceive, or by a counterfeit manner and
appearance 'pr.p. disguising ; Pa.p. disguised'. dom ordis-join', oppression. [L. dis, neg., and Znthral]
n. a dress intended to conceal the wearer; a Disjoin, beenjoined.
or diz-, v.t., to separate wftat has
[L. dis, negative, and Join.]
false appearance. [L. dis, privative, and Guise.] disjoint, dis-joint, v.t., to put out of joint; to
ns. dlsgvls'er, dlsguise'ment. separate united parts ; to break the natural order
Disgust, diz-gust, or dis-, n., aversion ofthe taste; or relations of things ; to make incoherent,
loathing of the stomach: strong dishke.v.t. to disjoint * '
excite disgust in ; to offend the taste of; to dis ^^et,di&-iwngktf,aJj\,disjoined. [L. disjunct'us,
please \pr.p. disgusting ; pa.p. disgusted. [L. pa.p. of disjungodis, neg., andjungo, to join.]
Cite, far ; me, her ; mine ; mote ; mute ; rotJDn ; Men.
131
 disjunctive
disjunctive, dis-jungk'tiv, adj., disjoining; tending;
to separate : in gram., uniting sentences but
disjoining the sense.n. a word which disjoins.
adj. disjunctively. [L. disjunctwits.]
disjunction, dis-junk'shun, n., the act ofdisjoining;
disunion ; separation.
Disk. See DIM.
Dislike, dis-lik', p./., not to like; to be displeased
with ; to disapprove of; to have an aversion to.
n. disinclination ; aversion ; distaste ; disap
proval [L. tft's, negative, and Like.]
Dislocate, dis'lu-kr.t. v.t., to displace ; to put out of
joint '.Pr.p. dis'locating ; pa.p. dia'iGcated. [L.
dis, negative, and Locate.]
dislocation, dis-lo-ka shun, n., tJie act ofdislocating
or state of being dislocated; a dislocated joint;
displacement.
Dislodge, dis-loj', v.t, to drivefrom a lodgment or
place of rest ; to drive from a place of hiding or
of defence.v.i. to go away.. dlslodg'ment.
[L. dis, privative, and Lodge.]
Disloyal, dis-Ioy'al, adj., ttot loyal; false to one's
sovereign ; faithless : treacherous.adz: disloy'-
ally.v. disloy'alty. [L. dis, negative, and Loyal. ;
Dismal, diz'mal, adj. gloomy ; dreary; sorrowful ; full
of horror. adv. dis mally, [prob. conn, with Dim.]
Dismantle, dis-man'tl, v.t., to deprive ofthe mantle
or dress ; to strip ; to deprive of furniture, &c. so
as to render useless. [L. dis, priv. and Kantle.]
Dismask, dis-mask', v.t, to strip a maskfrom; to
remove a disguise from; to uncover. . [L. dis,
privative, and Mask.]
Dismast, dis-mast/, v.t., to deprive of a mast or
masts:pr.p. dismasting ; pa.p. dismast'ed. [L.
dis, privative, and Mast]
Dismay, dii-ma', v.t. lit to deprive of power; to
deprive of strength and firmness through fear ;
to terrify ; todiscourage '.pr.p. dismaying ; pa.p.
dismayed'.n. loss of strength and courage
through fear. [L. dis, privative, and A.S. magan,
old Ger. magen, to be strong.]
Dismember, dis-mem'ber, v.t, to divide member
from member; to separate a limb from the body ;
to disjoint ; to tear to pieces 'pr.p. dismem'-
bering ; Pa.p. dismembered.. dismem'ber-
nwnt. [L. dis, asunder, and Member.]
Dismiss, dis-mis', v.t, to send away; to despatch:
to discard ; to remove from office or employment :
fr.p. dismissing ; Pa.p. dismissed'. [L. dimitto,
dimissusdit away from, and mitto, to send.]
dismissal, dis-nus'al, dismission, dis-mish'un, n., act
of dismissing, or state of being dismissed r dis
charge from office or employment.
dlmlssory, dimis-or-i, or di-mis , adj. , sending away
or giving leave to depart to another jurisdiction.
[L. dimissoriusdt'mitto.]
Dismount, dis-mounr*, v.i., to come down; to come
off a horse.v.t. to throw or bring down from
anyelevated place ; to throw offtheir carriages, as
cannon ; to unhorse. [ L. dis, neg., and Mount. ]
Disobey, dis-O-ba', v.t, to neglect or refuse to obey
or do what is commanded. [L. dis, neg. and Obey.]
disobedient, dis-O-be'di-cnt, adj. , neglecting or re
fusing to obey. [See obedient.]
disobedience, dis-S-bc'di-cns, n., neglect or refusal to
obey. [See obedience.)
Disoblige, dis-C-blTj', v.t, not to oblige; to offend by
an act of unkindness or incivility ; to do some
thing against the wishes of another; to injure
slightly. [L. dis, negative, and Oblige.]
fate, far; me", her; mine ;
13a
Disperse
disobliging, dis-G-bUjing, adj., not obliging; cot
careful to attend to the wishes of others ; unac
commodating ; unkind.adv. dlsoblig'ingly.
Disorder, dis-or'der, ., want of order; confusion ;
disturbance; breach of the peace : disease.t/.t.
to throw out of order ; to disarrange ; to disturb :
to produce disease. [L. dis, privative, and Order. ]
disorderly, dis-or'dex-li, adj., out oforder; in con
fusion ; irregular; lawless.adv. without order ;
confusedly ; in a lawless manner.
Disorganise, dis-or'gan-Tz, v.t, to destroy theorganic
structure of; to break up a union of parts; to
throw into disorder.n. disorganlsa'tion. [L. dis,
negative, and organise.]
Disown, diz-Gn', v.t., to refuse to own or acknow
ledge as belonging to one's self ; to deny ; to
renounce. [L. dis, negative, and Own.]
Disparage, dis-par'Aj, v.t. orig. to pair unequally,
to dishonour by an unequal marriage ; to dis
honour by comparison with what is inferior ; to
lower In rank or estimation :Pr.p. disparaging ;
Pa.p. dispar'aged. (low L. disparagaredts,
ncg.,/ara^/w, equality ofbirthh.par, equal.]
disparagement, dis-par'aj-ment, n. injurious com
parison with what is inferior ; indignity.
disparagingly, dis-parVij-ing-li, adv., in a manner
to disparage or dishonour.
Disparity, dis-pari-ti, inequality; unlikcness;
difference in any respect. [L.dis, neg. and parity.]
Dispark, dis-park', v.t., to throw open, as a park;
to lay open :fr.p, dispark'ing ;Pa.j>. disparted'.
[L. dis, negative, and Park.]
Dispart, dis-part', v.t., topart asunder; to divide,
to separate.v.i. to separate '.pr.p. disparting:
pa.p. dispart'ed.. the difference between the
thickness of metal at the bicech and the mouth
of a gun. [L. dis, asunder, and Part.]
Dispassion, dis-pash'un, tt.,freedom from passion;
a calm state of mind. [L. dis, neg. and Passion. ]
dispassionate, dis-pash'un-at, adj., free from pas
sion; unmoved by feelings; cool; impartial.
adv. dispassionately.
Dlspatcb, same as Despatch.
Dispel, dis-pcl', v.t., to drive away; to cause to
disappear ; to banish '.pr.p. dispelling ; pa.p.
dispelled'. [L. dis, away from, pello, to drive.]
Dispense, dis-pens', v.t., to weigh or deal out in
portions; to distribute; to administer:Pr.p.
dispensing; Pa.p. dispensed'.Dispense with, to
permit the want of; to do withoutn. dispenser.
[Fr. dispenserL. dis, asunder, and penso, in
tensive ofpendo, to weigh.]
dispensable, dis-pcns'a-bl, adj., that may be dis
pensed, or dispensed with.n. dispenseableneas.
dispensary, dis-pens'ar-i, n. a place where medicines
are dispensed, especially to the poor, gratis.
dispensation, dis-pen-sa'shun, n., the act ofdispens
ing or dealing out : the dealing of God to his
creatures ; the distribution of good and evil in
the divine government : licence ; permission.
dispensatlve, dis-pens'a-tiv, dispensatory, dis-pensV
tor-i, adj., granting dispensation.advs. die*
pens'atlvely, dispens atorlly. [L. dispensations:
dispensatorius.]
Dispeople, dis-pc"pl, v.t., to empty ofpeople or in
habitants. [L. dis, privative, and People.]
Dispersions, dy-sperm'us, adj., having only two
seeds. [Or. di, twofold, sperma, a seed.]
Disperse, dis-pcrs', v.t, to scatterin all directions ;
to spread ; to diffuse ; to drive asunder ; to cause
mote ; mute ; mOon ; Men.
 dispersion
to Tanish.v.i. to separate; to vanish :/n/*.
dispersing; Pa.P- dispersed'.. disperser. [Fr.
disperser'L. dispergo, dUpersusdi, asunder,
apart, spargo, to scatter.]
dispersion, dis-per'shun, ., the act of dispersing;
state of being dispersed : in med., the removal of
inflammation : in optics, the separation of light
into its different rays.
dispersive, dis-pers'iv, adj., tending" to disperse.
Dispirit, dis-pi/it, p./., to deprive of good spirits;
to dishearten; to discourage :pr.p. dispiriting;
Pa.p. dispirited. [L. dis, privative, and Spirit.]
Displace, dis-plaY, v.t., to put out ofplace; to dis
arrange : to remove from a state, office, or dig
nity.n. displace ment. [L. dis, priv., and Place.]
Displant, dis-planr/, v.t., to remove anything from
where it has been planted or placed ; to drive
from an abode. [L. dis, privative, and Plant]
Display, dis-pla', v.t., to unfold or spread out;
to exhibit; to set out ostentatiously :pr.p. dis
playing ; Pa.p. displayed'.n. a displaying or
unfolding ; exhibition ; ostentatious show.n.
display er. fold Fr. desployerdes, L. dis, nega
tive, mdployer, same as plier, h.plico, to fold.]
Displease, dis-plez', v.t., to wake not pleased; to
offend ; to make angry in a slight degree ; to be
disagreeable to.v.i. to raise aversion. [L. dis,
neg., and Fleas*.]
displeasure, dis-plezh'flr, n., tltefeeling of onevtWo
is displeased'; irritation of mind ; anger: cause of
irritation.
Displume, dis-ploUm', v. t. , to deprive of plumes
or feathers. [L. dis, priv., and Flame.]
Disport, dis-pOrt*, z'.i. lit. to carry the limbs apart
or dance with joy ; to amuse one's self ; to move
in gaiety or sport.v.t. to amuse :Pr-P. dispflrt'-
ing;/a./. dispOrr/ed. [L. dis, apart,Porto, to carry.]
Dispose, dis-pOz', v.t., to place in variouspositions ;
to distribute ; to arrange : to apply to a particular
purpose ; to adapt : to bestow : to ii.cline :pr.p.
disposing; Pa.p. disposed'.To dispose of, to apply
to any purpose ; to part with ; to place in any con
dition. n. dlspos'er. [Fr. disposerL. dispone,
dispositumdis, asunder, pono, to place.]
disposable, dis-pora-bl, adj., that may be disposed
or disposed of; free to be used or employed ; not
already engaged or employed.
disposal, dis-pOral, ., tlie act ofdisposing; order;
arrangement: management: right of bestowing.
disposition, dis-pd-zish'un, ., the act of disposing;
a giving over to another : state of being disposed ;
arrangement: natural tendency ; temper: in New
Test., ministry, ministration.
Dispossess, dis-poz-zes', v.t., to put out ofPosses
sion. [L. dis, privative, and Possess.J
Dispraise, dis-praY, the opposite of Praise;
blame: reproach; dishonour.v.t. to blame ; to
censure. [L. dis, negative, and Praise.]
Dispresd, dis-pred', v.t., to spread in different
ways.v.i. to spread .out; to expand. [L. dis,
asunder, and Spread.]
Disproof, See under Disprove.
Disproportion, dis-prO-poYshun, want ofPropor
tion, symmetry, or suitableness of parts : inequal
ity.v.t. to make unsuitable in form or sire, &c. ;
to join unfitly. [L. dis, priv., and Proportion.]
disproportion*bis, dis-prO-por'shun-a-bl, dispropor-
tlonal, dis-pru-por'shun-al, adj., not havingpro
portion or symmetry of parts ; unsuitable : un
equal.advs. dispropor'tlonably, dispropor tionally.
fate, far; mc, her; mine ;
dissatisfied
disproportionate, dis-prO-poVshun-atj adj., not pro*
portioned; unsymmetrical ; unsuitable to some
thing else in some respectadv. disproportion
ately.n. disproportloDAtsnssa.
Disprove, dis-prtJcV, v.t., to prove to befalse; to
refute. [L. dis, negative, and Prove.]
disproof, dis-prtSOf, n., a disproving; refutation.
Dispute, dis-pur*, v.i. lit to think over earnestly;
to argue; to debate.v.t. to make a subject of
argument ; to contend for ; to oppose by argu
ment ; to call in question :/r./. disputing;
Pa.p. disputed.n. a contest with words; an
argument ; a debate. [Fr. disputer, L. disputare
dis, intensive, and puto, to think.]
disputable, dis'pu-tabl, adj., that may be disputed;
of doubtful certainty.n. dli'putableness.adv.
dls'putably.
disputant, dis'pQ-tant, disputer, dis-put'er, ft., one
who disputes or argues ; one given to dispute.
disputation, dis-pQ-t5'shun, n., the act ofdisputing;
a contest in argument ; an exercise in debate.
disputations, dis-pG-ta'shus, dlsputttlve, dis-pflr'a-
tiv, adj., inclined to dispute, cavil, or controvert
adv. disputa'tiously.n, dlsputa'tlousness.
Disqualify, dis-kwoKi-fT, v.t., to deprive of the
qualities necessary for any purpose; to make
unfit ; to disable.. disqualifica tion, [L. dis,
priv., and qualify.]
Disquiet, dis-kwT'et, n., want of quiet; uneasiness,
restlessness ; anxiety.v.t. to render unquiet ; to
make uneasy: todisturb. [ L.d;s, priv. , and Quiet]
disquietude, dis-kwi'et-Od, state ofdisquiet.
Disquisition, dis-kwi-zish'un, n., a careful and for
mal inquiry into any matter by arguments, &c. :
an elaborate essay. adj. disquisitional. [L. dis-
quisitiodisquirodis, inten., quaro, to seek.]
Disregard, dis-rC-gard', v. t., not to regardorobserve ;
to pay no attention to.n. want of attention;
neglect ; slight, [h. dis. neg., and Regard.]
disxegaxdfoj, dis-rC-gSrd'fool, adj. neglectful; care
less ; heedless. adv. disregard'fully.
Disrelish, dis-reftsh, v.t.. not to relish; to dislike
the taste of: to dislike.n. distaste; dislike;
some degree ofdisgust. [L. dis, neg., and Relish.]
Disrepair, dis-rE-paY, n. state of being out ofrepair.
[L. dis, negative, and Repair.]
Disrepute, dis-rc-pfit', disreputation, dls-rep-u-t.V-
shun, n., want ofrepute or reputation ; ill char
acter; discredit. [L. dis, negative, and Repute.]
disreputable, dis-rep'u-ta-bl, adj., in bad repute;
discreditable ; disgraceful.adv. disrep'utably.
Disrespect, dis-rC-spekt', ., want of respect or
reverence ; incivility.v.t. to shew disrespect to.
[L. dis, negative, and Respect.]
disrespectful, dis-r-spekt/fool, adj., shewing disre
spect; irreverent; uncivil.adv. disrespectfully.
Disrobe, dis-rflb', v.t., to deprive of a robe; to
undress ; to uncover. [L. dis, priv., and Robe.]
Disruption, dis-rup'shun, n., the act of breaking
asunder; the act of bursting and rending;
breach. [L. dismptiodirumpo, diruptusdis,
asunder, and rumpo, to break.]
Dissatisfy, dis-sar*is-fl, v.t., not to satisfy; to make
discontented; to displease. [L. dis, neg., & Satisfy.]
dissatisfaction, dis-sat-is-fak'shun, n., state ofbeing
dissatisfied; discontent ; uneasiness.
dissatisfactory, dis-sat-is-fak'tor-i, adj., causing
dissatisfaction ; unable to give content.
dissatisfied, dis-sat'is-fld, adj., not satisfied; dis
contented ; not pleased ; offended.
mote ; mute ; muun ; then.
33
 Dissect Distemper
Dissect, dis-sekt', v./., to cut asunder; to cut into dis'sipatine ; Pa.p. dissipated. [L. dissipo, dis-
parts for the purpose of minute examination ; to sipatusdis, asunder, and obs. sipo, to throw.]
divide and examine :Pr.p. dissecting ; A*-/, dissipation, dis-si-p&'shun, n., act of dissipating;
dissect'ed.adj. diaiectible. [L. disscco, dissec- dispersion ; state of being dispersed ; scattered
tusdis, asunder, in pieces, seco, to cut.] attention : a dissolute course ol life.
dissection, dis-sek'shun, w. , the act or the art of Dissociate, dis-s'/shi-fu, v.t., to separate from a
cutting in pieces a plant or animal in order to society or company ; to disunite :Pr.p. dtssO'c&t-
ascertain the structure of its parts ; anatomy, ing ; pa.p. dissociated.n. diaso'ciatlon. [L. dis,
dissector, dis-sekt'or, n., one who dissects. asunder, and socio, to unite. See Social]
Dissemble, dis-senVbl, v.t. to represent a thing as Dissoluble, Dissolute, &c. See under Dissolve.
unlike what it actually is ; to put an untrue sem Dissolve, diz-xoW, v.t., to loose asunder; to separ
blance or appearance upon ; to disguise.v.i. to ate or break up; to melt; to destroy.v.t, to
assume a false appearance ; to play the hypocrite : break up ; to waste away ; to crumble ; to melt :
Pr.p. dissem'bhng : pa.p. disscm'blcd.n. dls- pr.p. dissolving ; pa.p. dissolved'. [L. dis,
sem'bler. [old Fr. dissembler, from L. dissimulo asunder, and solvo, solutus, to loose.]
dissimilis, unlikedist neg., and similis, like] dissolvable, diz-zolv'a-bl, adj., capable of being
dissimulation, dis-sim-Q-la'shun, n. , the act of dis dissolved or melted,
sembling; a hiding under a false appearance ; dissolvent, diz-zolv'ent, adj.j having power to dis
false pretension; hypocrisy. solve or melt.n. that which can dissolve or melt,
Disseminate, dis-sem'i-nat, v.t., to sow or scatter dissoluble, dis'sol-Q-bl, adj., dissolvable.n. dissolu
abroad ; to propagate ; to diffuse '.pr.p. dis bility, capacity ofbeing dissolved,
seminating ; pa.p. dissem'inated.ns. dlssemln- dissolute, dis'ol-Ot, adj., loose, esp. in morals ; lewd ;
a'tion, disseminator. [ L. dissemino, disseminatus licentious. adv. dlss'olutely.n. dissoluteness,
dis,asunder, and semino, to sowsemen, seed.] dissolution, dis-ol-O'shun, ., act of'dissolving ; the
Dissent, dis-sent\ v.i., to think differently ; to dis breaking up ofan assembly : change from a solid
agree in opinion ; to differ Pf-P- dissenting ; into to a liquid state ; a melting : separation of a body
Pa.p. dissent'ed.n. the act of dissenting ; differ its original elements; decomposition; des
ence of opinion ; a differing or separation from Dissonant,truction ; death.
an established church. [L, dissentio, dissensus without dis'so-nant, adj., not agreeing in sound;
concord or harmony ; disagreeing. [L.
dis, apart from, sentio, to think.] dis, apart, sonans, -antis, pr.p. of sono, to sound.]
dissension, dis-sen'shun, n. disagreement in opinion ; dissonance, dis'so-nans, n., disagreement ofsound;
discord ; strife,
dissenter, dis-senr/er, ., one who dissents; one who want of harmony, discora ; disagreement.
separates from the service and worship of an Dissuade, dis-swad', v.t., to advise against ; to try
established church, to divert from anything by advice or persuasion :
dissentient, dis-sen'shent, adj., dissenting; declar pr.p. dissuSd'ing ; Pa.p. dissuaded. [L. dis,
ing dissent ; disagreeing.. one who disagrees ; against, and suadeo, to advise.]
one who declares his dissent. [L. dissentiens, dissuasion, dis-swA'zhun, n., act of dissuading;
dissentientis, pr.p. of dissentio.] advice against anything,
Dissertation, dis-s4r-t3'shun, n., a discussion or dissuasive, dis-swa'ziv, adj., tending to dissuade.
debate; a formal discourse; a treatise.adj. n.that which tends todissuade.adv. dhsraa'sively.
disserta'tlonal. [L. dissertatiodisserto, inten Dissyllable, dis-silia-bl, n. a word of only two
syllables. [Gr. dis, twice, and Syllable.]
sive of dissero, to debate, to discussdis, and dissyllabic,
sera, to put in a row, to join.] dis-sil-lab'ik, adj., oftwo syllables.
dlssertator, dis'er-ti-tor, ., one who writes disser Distaff, dis'taf, St., the staffor stick which holds the
tations; a debater. bunch of flax, tow, or wool in spinning. [A.S.
Disserve, dis-serv', v.t., to do the opposite ofserv distaf; Dutch, diesse, the bunch of flax on the
ing; to injure. [L. dis, negative, and Serve.] staff; Gael, dos, a bush, tuft. See Staff.]
disservice, dis-servis, n. injury; mischief, Diitaln, dis-tan', v.t., to remove the tinge or colour
dliservlceable, dis-s6rvis-abt, adj., not serviceable from by staining; to stain; to sully:pr.p.
or useful ; injurious ; mischievous. distain ing; Pa.p. distained'. [Fr. deteindre ;
Dissever, dis-sev'er, v.t., to sever; to part in two ; L. dis, privative, and tingo, to stain.]
to separate ; to disunite.*. dlssev'erance, a dis Distant, dis'tant, adj., standing apart or separate ;
severing or parting. [L. dis, intensive, and Sever.] remote, in time, place, or connection ; not obvi
Dissident, disi-dent, adj. lit. sitting apart ; dis ous ; indistinct : reserved in manner.adv. dls/-
senting; not agreeing.n. a dissenter. [L. dis tantly. [L. distansdis, apart, and sfans,
stantis, pr.p. of sto, to stand.]
sident, dissidentis, pr.p. of dissideodis, apart, distance,
and sedeo, to sit.] dis'tans, n. space or interval between;
DlssUient, dis-sil'ycnt, adj., leaping asunder or remoteness v.t. to place
: opposition ; reserve of manner.
at a distance ; to leave at a distance
bursting open with elastic force.n. dissil'lence. behind '.pr.p.
[L. dissiiiens, -en/isdis, asunder, salio, to leap.] Distaste, dis-tast', dis'tancing ; pa.p. dis'tanced.
Dissimilar, dis-simi-lar; adj., not similar; unlike taste; dislike of n., oppositeness or aversion of
food : dislike ; disgust.v.t. to
in any respect; of different sorts.adv. dissimi disrelish ; to dislike ; to loathe. [L. dis, neg.,
larly. [L. dis, negative, and similar.] and Taste.]
dissimilarity, dis-sim-i-lari-ti, dissimilitude, dis- distasteful, dis-tastfool, adj., producing distaste:
si-mili-tad, n., unlikeness ; want of resemblance. unpleasant to the taste ; offensive.adv. dixtarte'-
Dissimulation. See under Dissemble. fuliy.n. dlstaste'fulness.
Dissipate, dis si-pat, v.t., to throw apart or spread Distemper, a kind of painting. See Destemper.
abroad, to scatter ; to squander ; to waste.v.i. Diitemper, dis-tem'per, n. lit. a wrong tempering
to separate and disappear ; to waste away '.pr.p. or mixture of parts : a morbid or disorderly state
fete, far ; m, her ; mine ; mote ; mute ; mSOn ; then.
 Distend Ditto
of body or mind ; disease, esp. of animals : ill- Pa.p. distrained', [old Fr. distratndre, from L.
humour.v.t. to derange the temper: to dis dis, asunder, and stringo, to draw tight]
order or disease. [L. dis, neg., and Temper.] distrainor, dis-tran'or, sc., one who distrains or
seizes goods for debt.
Distend, dis-tend', v.t., to strttch asunder or in all distraint,
directions; to swell.v.i. to swell :/r./. dis- dis-trant', seizure of goods for debt.
tend'ing ; fa.f. distended. [L. dis, asunder, district, dis'trikt, n. orig. the territory within which
a superior had a right to distrain or otherwise
and tendo, to stretch.] exercise authority ; a portion of territory defined
distensible, dis-ten'si-bl, adj., capable of being dis orundefined ; a region. [L. d'istrictusdistringo.]
tended or stretched.
dlstensive, dis-ten'siv, adj., distending, or capable distress, dis-tres*, n. lit. a drawing asunder;
extreme pain : that which causes suffering ;
of being distended or stretched. calamity ; misfortune : a state of danger : act of
distention, distension, dis-ten'shun, act of dis
tendingat stretching : state of being distended or distraining
fering ; to
goods.v.t. to afflict with pain or suf
harass ; to grieve : to distrain '.pr.p.
stretched; breadth. distressing ; fa.p. distressed'. [Fr. ditresse; It.
Distich, dis'tik, n., a ecufie of lines or verses, distretta, from L. distringo, district;n .]
making complete sense ; a couplet. [ Gr. distiches distressful, dis-tres'fool, adj.,full ofdistress ; cala
dis, twice, and stickos, a line, verse.] mitous.adv. distress fully.
distichous, dis'tik-us, adj. arranged in two rows. Distribute, dis-trib'ut, v.t., to divide asunder or
Distil, dis-til', v.i., to drop down; to fall in drops ; amongst several ; to deal out or allot ; to classify :
to flow gently: to use a still.v.t. to let or pr.p. distrib uting ; pa.p. distributed.
cause to fall in drops ; to convert a liquid into tribuodis, asunder, tribuo, tributus, to [L. dis-
divide.]
-vapour by heat, and then to condense it again ; distributable, dis-trib Q-ta-bl, adj., that may be
to extract the spirit or essential oil from any distributed or divided.
thing by evaporation and condensation \4r.p. distributer, dis-trib'u-ter, n.t one who distributes or
distilling ; Pa.p. distilled'. [Fr. distillerL. de, deals out.
down, and stillo, to dropililla, a drop.]
dirtillation, dis-til-la'shun, ., act or process of dis distribution, dis-tri-b&'shun, act ofdistributing;
allotment ; division ; separation ; classification.
tilling : that which is distilled. distributive, dis-trib'O-tiv, adj., that distributes,
distillatory, dis-til'a-tor-i, adj., oforfor distillation. separates, or divides.adv. distributive^.
distiller, dis-tifer, n., one who distils. District. See under Distrain.
distillery, dis-til'er-i, ., a placefor distilling. Distrust, dis-trust', n., want oftrust; want of faith
Distinct. See under Distinguish.
Distinguish, dis-ting'gwish, v.t. lit. to mark and set or confidence ; doubt.v.t. to have no trust in ;
to disbelieve ; to doubt. [L. dis, priv., and Trust.]
apart ; to separate or recognise by characteristic distrustful, dis-trust'fbol, adj., full ifdistrust; apt
qualities ; to discern critically ; to judge : to to distrust; suspicious.-adv. distrustfully. n.
separate by a mark of honour; to make emi distnurt fulness.
nent or known.v.i. to make or shew distinc Disturb, dis-turb', v.t. to move asunder, or here and
tions or differences :pr.p. distinguishing ; Pa.p. there, as a crowd; to throw into confusion: to
cUstin'guished. [L. distingue, distinetusdis, agitate ; to disquiet ; to interrupt iPr.p, disturb
asunder, and stinguo, to prick, connected with ing ; Pa.p. disturbed'.n. disturber. [L. dis,
Gr. stisO, to mark, to prick.] asunder, and turbo, to agitateturba, a crowd.]
distinguishable, dis-ting'gwish-a-bl, adj., capable of disturbance, dis-turb'ans, n., agitation ; tumult: in
being distinguished.adv. disting'uijshably. terruption ; perplexity.
distinct, dis-tuigkr/, adj., distinguished ; separated Disunion. See under Disunite.
by a sign: separate; different: well-defined; Disunite, dis-u-nlt' v.t., to separate what is united;
clear.adv. distinctly. distinct'nets.
distinction, dis-tingk'shun, ., act ofdistinguishing; [L. to sever or sunder.v.i. to fall asunder ; to part,
separation or division : that which distinguishes ; disunion, dis-Qn'yun, and
dis, privative, Unite.]
n., want of union; breaking
difference : eminence ; superiority. up of union or concord ; separation.
distinctive, dis-tingktlv, adj., marking or express
ing distinction or difference.adv. distinct ively. Disuse, dis-uV, n., cessation or giving up of use ot
r. distinct iveness. custom. [L. dis, privative, and Use.]
Distort, dis-torr*, v.t, to twist or turn a different disuse, dis-Qz', v.t., to cease to use or practise,
way ; to force out of the natural or regular shape disuaage, dis-flz'Sj, n., gradual cessation of use or
or direction ; to turn aside from the true meaning ; custom.
to pervert '.Pr.p. distorting; pa.p. distorred. Ditch, dich, n. a trench dug in the ground ; any
[L. dis, asunder, and torqueo, tortus, to twist.] long narrow receptacle for water.v.i. to make
distortion, dis-tor'shun, n., act of distorting ; a a ditch or ditches.v.t. to dig a ditch in or
twisting out of regular shape :_ state of being dis around ; to drain by ditches vpr.p. ditching ;
torted; crookedness; perversion- Pa.p. ditched'. [A.S. die. a ditch, from root ofDis;.]
Distract, dis-trakt', v.t., to draw in different direc ditcher, dich'er, n., a ditch-maker.
tionsapplied to the mind or attention ; to con Dithyramb, dith'i-ram, Dithyrambus, dith-i-ram'bus,
fuse ; to harass ; to render crary :~pr.p. distract n. an ancient Greek hymn sung in honour of Bac
ing ; Pa-f- distract'ed.adv. distractedly. [ L. chus ; a shortpoem ofa likecharacter. [Gr. Dithy-
dss, asunder, and traho, tractus, to draw.] rambos, a name of Bacchus: etym. doubtful.]
distraction, dis-trak'shun, n., act of distracting; dithyrambic, dith-i-ram'bik, adj., ofor like a dithy
state of being distracted ; separation : confusion ; ramb ; wild and boisterous.
perplexity : disorder ; agitation : madness. Ditto, dit'o, contracted Do., ., that which has been
Distrain, dis-trin', v.t. lit. to strain or draw said; the same thing.adv. as before, or afore
asunder; to seize, esp. goods, for debt-v.i. to said ; in like manner. [It, dettoL. dictum,
seise the goods of a debtor '.pr.p. distrain'ing ; said, pa.p. of dice, to say.]
fate, far ; me, her ; mine ; mote ; mute ; ntOOo ; Men.
 ditty DO
ditty, dirt, *. orig. a saying, esp. one short and divTd'ed.adv. dlvid'edly. [L. divide, divistu
repeated: a song; a little poem to be sung. [A.S. dis, asunder, and root vid, to separate.]
dtJtt, L. dictum, said.]
Diuretic, dl-fl-ret'ik, adj. tending to excite thepass dividend, divl-dend, that which is to be divided
ing through or discharge of urine.n. a medi* the share of a sum divided that falls to each
individual [L. dividendumdivide.]
cine causing this discharge. [Gr. diouretikos divider, di-vld'er, n., he or that which dtz'ides.
dia, through, and cured, from ourrm, urine.] divisible, di-virl-bl, adj., capable of being divided
Diurnal, dj-ur'nal, adj., daily; relating to or per or separated.adv. divii'lbly.
formed in a day.n. orig. a day-book orjournal; divisibility, di-viz-i-bil'i-ti, qualityofbeingdivis
in the R. C. Church, a breviary with daily ser ible or separable,
vices.adv. diux'n&lly. [L. diumusdies, a division, di-vizh'un, act' of dividing; state of
day.] being divided : that which divides ; a partition ;
Divan, di-van', n. lit a register of payments or a barrier: the portion divided or separated;
accounts; a collection of essays or poems: a separation : difference in opinion, &c ; disunion :
council ; a council-chamber with cushioned seats ; in arith., the rule or process of finding how many
a sofa; a smoking-room. [Fr., Sp.i*crs. diwan.] times one number is contained in another,
Divaricate, dl-varl-kat, v.i. lit. to spread the legs divisional, di-vizh'un-al, adj., pertaining to or
marking a division or separation,
asunder; to part into two branches, to fork; to divisive, di-vl'ziv, adj.,forming division or separ
diverge.v.t. to divide into two branches '.Pr.p. ation ; creating discord, [divides the dividend,
divaricating ; Pa.p. divaricated.n. divarica divisor, di-vfzor, n. in arith,, the number which
tion. | L. divarico, divaricatusdis, asunder,
and varico, to spread the legsvarus, bent] Divine, di-vln', adj., belonging to or proceeding
from
Dive, dlv, v.i., to dip or plunge into water; to sacred : excellent in the God: devoted to God's service; holy;
plunge or go deeply into any matter :~pr.p. ordinary.n. one skilled inhighest degree ; extra
divine things, a minis
diving; Pa.p. dived'. [A.S. dufian; Dutch., ter of the gospel; a theologian.v.t. to foresee
duypen ; Ice. di/ai. See Dip,] or foretell as if divinely inspired ; to guess or
diver, dlv'er, one zv/to dives,- a bird very expert make outv.i. to profess or practise divination ;
at diving. to have forebodings :pr*p. divining ; Pa.p.
diving-bell, dlvlng-bel, n. a hollow vessel orig. bell divined'.adv. divinely. [L. divinus, from
s/taped, air-tight except at the bottom, in which divus, deus, a god.]
one may descend into and work under water. divination, divl-ni'shun, the act or practice oj
Diverge, dl-verj', v.i., to incline or turn asunder; to divining or predicting ; prediction; conjecture,
tend from a common point in different directions : diviner, di-vln'er, ., one who divines or professes
pr.p. diverging; Pa.p. diverged'.adv. diverg'- divination ; a conjecturer.
ingly. [L. dis, asunder, vergo, to incline.]
divergence, dl-verj'ens, divergency, dl-verj'en-si, head ; the nature or essence o( God ; Godgod
divinity, di-vinl-ti, state of being divine;
:a
act of diverging or separating ; tendency to celestial being ; any god : the science of divine
recede from one point, things ; theology.
divergent, dl-vcrj ent, adj., tending to diverge; re Diving-bell. See under Dive.
ceding from one point. Divisible, Division, &c. See under Divide.
Dlven, Diverse, Diversify. See under Divert.
Divert, dl-vert', v.t., to turn aside; to change the Divorce, di-voW, n. the legal separation of husband
direction of: to turn the mind from business and wife ; the sentence by which a marriage is
or study; to amuse:P*".p. and adj. diverting; dissolved.v.t.solve the
to separate; to sunder: to dis
marriage-contract of : to put away :
Pa.p. dlvert/ed.adv. dlvert'lngly. [L. diverto, pr.p. divorcing; Pa.p. divorced'.n. divorc er.
diversusdis, aside, and vertof to turn.] [Fr.L. divortium, from root of Divert,]
dlverae,
ways;divers, or div-ers',
different; unlike;adj.multiform;
lit. turneddifferent
various. divorcement, di-vOrs'ment, n, in B., divorce.
adv. diversely or diversely, Divulge, di-vulj', v.t., to spread abroad among the
divers, dlVerz, adj. several ; more than one : in B., vulgar or thepeople; to make public : to reveal :
same as diverse, Pr.p. divulging; Pa.p. divulged'. [L. disy
diversion, di-ver'shun, ., act of diverting or turn among, and vulgus, the common people.]
ing aside : that which diverts ; amusement, Divnlslon, di-vut'shun, act ofpulling or rending
recreation: something done to turn the attention asunder or away. [L. dis, asunder, and vellot
ofan enemy from the principal point ofattack, vulsus, to pull.]
diversity, di-veVsi-ti, n., state of being diverse; divulslve, di-vul'siv, adj., tending to pull asunder.
difference; unlikeness; variety, Dizzy, did, adj., dazed; giddy ; confused : causing
diversify, di-ver'st-fl, v.t., to make diverse or dif giddiness: unthinking; heedless.v.t. to make
ferent ; to give variety to :pr.p. diversifying ;
Pa.p. diversified.n. diversification. [L. diver- dizzy; Dutch,
to confuse. [A.S. dysig, foolish, dizzy;
duysig; Dan. dSsig, drowsy; connected
rus, andfacio, to make.] with E. Diss, Doze.]
Divest, di-vest*, v.t. lit to take offthe vesturefrom; dizziness, dizl-nes, ., state ofbeing disxy.
to strip or deprive ofanything :Pr.p. divesting ;
Pa.p. divesr/ed. [L. dis, privative, and vestio, to Do,about d<50, v.t., to perform any action; to bring
or effect ; to accomplish or finish : to pre
clothevestis, a garment] pare ; to put or bring into any form or state.
Divide, di-vld', v.t., to part asunder; to separate ; v.i. to act or behave: to fare or get on as to
to keep apart : to part among, to allot : to dis health ; to succeed : to suit or answer an end :
unite in opinion, &c ; to set at variance : to r Pr.p. doing; pad. did ; Pa.p. done (dun). [A.S.
separate into two parts (as in voting).v.i. to
part or open ; to break friendship ; to vote by don with
; Dutch, doen ; Ger. thun ; perhaps connected
L. do, Gr. did&mi. Sans, da, to give. ] [our.
separatingintotwobodies '.pr.p. dividing ;pa.p. i dCo'ingz, n.pl. , things done, events ; behavi-
fite, far ; me", her ; mine ; mCte ; mute ; mTOn ; then.
136
 Docile dolorous
Docile, dosll, adj., ieachable; ready to learn ; easily dog; to follow and watch constantly; to worry
managed. [L. docilisdocco, to teach.] with importunity \-~pr.p. dogging ; /a.p.
docility, do-siTi-ti, ., teachableness; aptness. ! dogged'.n. dogger. [Dutch, dog, Ger. dogge,
Dock, dok, n. a troublesome weed with large dog-brier, docke: perh. from Sans, dak, to bite.]
leaves, and a long root, difficult to eradicate. dog-cart, dog'-brT-er, n., the brier dog-rose.
dog'-kart, n. a one-horse carriage for
[A.S. docce; perhaps allied to L. daucus, Gr. sportsmen, so called from dogs being carried
daukos, a kind of carrot, as also to the next inside. [very cheap.
word from its broad short leaves.]
Dock, dok, v.t., to cut snort; to curtail ; to cut off; dog-day, dog'-da, n. one of thecheap
dog-cheap, dog'-chep, adj., as dog's meat;
days when the Dog-
to clip ; to bar :pr.p. docking ; /a./, docked'. star rises and sets with the sun, between the end
n. the part ofa tail left after clipping. [W. tociaw, of July and the beginning of September.
to cut short, from toe, a short thing ; Ger. dock*. dog-flab, dog'-fish, n. a species of British shark, so
a short thick column ; Ice. dockr, a stumpy tail.]
docket, dok et, n. lit. a docked or short piece of named from their habit of following their prey
like dogs hunting in packs.
paper ; a summary of a larger writing : a bill or dogged, dog'ed, adj. surly like an angry dog;
ticket affixed to anything; a label : a list orregis sullen.adv. doggedly.n. dogg'ednees.
ter of cases in court.v.t. to make a summary doggerel, dog'er-el, . irregular measures in bur
of the heads of a writing ; to enter in a book ; to lesque poetry, so named in contempt ; worthless
mark the contents of papers on the back :pr.p. verses.adj. irregular; mean.
docketing; Pa.p. docketed, [dim. of Dock.] doggish, dog'ish, adj., like a dog; churlish; brutal.
Dock, dok, . a place dug; an enclosure or artificial adv. dogg'ishly.n. dogg'lahneai.
basin near a harbour or river, for the reception dog-rose, dog'-rflz, ., the rose of the rf^-brier.
of vessels : the box in court where the accused dogs-ear, dogz'-c'r, . the corner of the leaf of a
stands.zj./. to place in a dock '.pr.p. docking ; book turned down, like a dog's ear.v.t. to turns
/a./, docked'. [Ger. docke; Dutch, dok; from down the corners of leaves :pa.p. dog's'-eared.
root of Dig, Ditch.]
dockage, dokaj, n., a charge for the use ofa dock, dog-etar, magnitude,
dog'-star, . Sirius, a star of the first
whose rising and setting with the
dockyard, dok'yard, n.. a yard ox store near a dock, sun gave name to the *&>f-days.
where ships are built and naval stores kept.
Doctor, dok'tur, n. lit. a teacher; one who has Doge, dflj, n., a duke or leader; formerly, the chief-
magistrate in Venice and Genoa. [It. for duce
received from a university the highest degree in I* dux, a leaderduco,
a faculty : a physician. [L.doceo, to teach.] Dogged, Doggerel, Doggish, toSeelead.] under Dog.
doctorate, doVtur-at, ., a doctor's degree.
doctrine, dok'trin, n., a thing: taught ; a principle Dogma, dog'ma, n. lit. something thought or de
of belief; what the Scriptures teach on any sub creed ; a settled opinion ; a principle or tenet ;
a doctrine laid down with authority. [Gr., a
ject : in ., act or manner of teaching. decree, from doked. to thinkSans, die, to shew.]
doctrinal, dok'trin-al, adj., relating to or containing dogmatic, dog-matlk, dogmatical, dog-marlk-al,
doctrine; relating to the act of teaching.adv. adj.,^pertaining to a dogma ; asserting a thing
doc'trlnally. as if it were a dogma ; asserting positively : over
document, dok'u-ment, n. orig. something taught; bearing.adv. dogmatically.
a paper containing information or the proof of dogmatise, dog'ma-tlr, v.i.t to state one's opinion
anything. [L. documentumdoceo.]
documental, dok-Q-ment'al, documentary, dok-u- dogmatically ing; Pa.p.
or arrogantly :/r./. dogmatis
dog'matlsed.n. dog'matlser.
ment'ar-i, adj., relatingto or found in documents.
Dodecagon, dO-dek'a-gon, n. a solid figure having dogmatism, assertion
dog'mat-izm, ., dogmatic or positive
of opinion.
twelve equal angles and sides. [Gr. dddeka, dogmatist, dog^ma-tist, one who dogmatises or
twelve, and gffnia, an angle.] makes positive assertions.
Dodecahedron, dO-dek-a-h'dron, n. a solid figure, Dog-rose, Dog'a-ear, Dog-star. See under Dog.
having twelve equal pentagonal sides. [Gr. Dolly, doi'li, n. orig. a kind of woollen stuff; a
dddeka, twelve, and heura, a base, a side.]
Dodge, doj, v.i. lit. tofollow a person like a dog; smalt napkin used at dessert, [said to be so
called from the first maker r but prob. from
to start aside ; to evade an argument ; to quibble. Dutch, dwale, a toweL]
v.t. to evade by a sudden shift of place :Pr.p. Doings. See
dodging ; pa.p. dodged'.n. an evasion ; a trick ; Dolt, doit, n. under Do.
as much as the tip of thefinger can
a quibble.n. dodg'er. [from Dog.]
Dodo, dO'dO, ft. a large, clumsy bird, now extinct, farthing. [Fr. doigt, L.coin
cover : a small Dutch worth about half a
once found in the Mauritius and Madagascar. Dole, doi, v.t., to deal out indigitus, small
a finger.]
portions :pr.p.
[Ger. dodo, dudu; Port, doudo.]
Doe, dd, n. lit. the timid animal; the female of something given in charity ; a small distributed;
doling: Pa.p. dated'.'/. a share
portion.
the fallow-deer or buck. [A.S. da, L. dama,
prob. akin to Gr. damaso. Sans, dam, to tame.] Dole, dOl, n. (obsolete). pain ; grief; heaviness at
heart. [L. doleo, to feel pain.]
doeskin, do'skin, n., the skin of a doe; a twilled doleful. dOl fool, adj., full ofdole or grief; melan
cloth, named from its likeness to the skin ofa doe. choly.adv. dole fully,n. dole'fulncat.
Does, duz, 3d pers, sing. pres. ind. of Do. dolesome, dofsum, adj., full of dole; dismal;
Doff, dof, v.t., to do or take off; to rid one's self of : gloomy.adv. dole'tomely.
pr.p. doffing; Pa.p. doffed', [a contr. otdo off.] dolor, do'lor, n.tpain; grief; anguish. [L.]
Dog, dog, n. lit. the biting animal, a domestic dolorlflc, dO-lor-iflk, adj., causing or expressing
quadruped : a term of contempt : one of two con dolor, pain, or gnef. [L. dolor,facio, to makeJ
stellations of stars : an andiron ; an iron hook dolorous, dol or-us, adj., full of dolor, pain, or
for holding logs of wood.v.t., to follow as a grief; doleful.adv. dolorously. [L. dolorosus.]
fate, far ; mi, her ; mine mOte ; mute * mODn ; then.
 Doll Dose
Doll, dol, n. a puppet or toy-baby for a child, [a Donation, d5-na'shun, re, act ofgiving: that which
corruption of tool, or more probably of Dorothy.] is given, a gift of money or goods : in law, the
Dollar, dol'ar, . a silver coin of the United States, act by which a person freely transfers his title to
worth 200 cents, or about s. -zd. sterling. [Ger. anything to another. [L. donatiodone, dona-
thalerthai, a valley, because thalers were first tumdonum, a giftdo, to give.]
coined in the Valley of St Joachim, in Bohemia : donative, don'a-tiv, ., ap/t; a gratuity: a bene
more prob. from Hull, a part. See Deal] fice presented by the founder or patron without
Dolomite, dol'o-mlt, n. a limestone resembling reference to the bishop.adj. vested or vesting
white marble, so called from the French geolo by donation. [L. donativum.]
gist Dolomieu. donee, dO-ne^, n., one who receives a gift.
Doloriflc, Dolorous. See under Dole. donor, donor, ., a giver ; a benefactor.
Dolphin, dol'fin, . an animal of the whale kind, Done, dun, pa.p. of Do.
found in all seas, about 8 or 10 feet long, and Donjon, dun'jun, n. orig. the principal building of a
extremely rapacious : the coryphene, a fish about district, or fortress, which commanded the rest ;
5 feet in length, noted for the brilliancy of its a strong, central tower in ancient castles, to which
colours when dying. [L. delphinus, Gr. aelphin.] the garrison retreated when hard pressed. [Fr.,
Dolt, dolt, ., a dull or stupid fellow. [A.S. daI, Dominate low L. dongeo, domnio, dominio, from root of
erring, stupid.] See Dull : acc. to Diez, from Ir. d&n, a fortified
doltish, doltish, adj., like a dolt; dull; stupid. place. See Dungeon. ]
adv. dolt'lthly. dolfiahness. Donkey, donglcC, n. lit. the dun-coloured animal,
Domain, doman', ft., what one is master ofor has the ass. [pern, from Dun, and d'"*. hey.}
dominion over ; an estate; territory. [Fr. do- Donor. See under Donation.
maimL. dominus, a masterdomus, a house.] Doom, d50m, judgment ; condemnation : des
Dome, d5m, n. lit. a building; a roof; a structure tiny ; ruin; final judgmentv.t. to pronounce
raised above the roof of large buildings, usually judgment on; to sentence; to condemn '.pr.p,
hemispherical : a cathedral.adj. domed', having dooming ; pa.p. dOTSmed'. [A.S. dom, judgment.]
a dome. [Gr. ddma, a roofdemd, to build] doomsday, dudmz'da, ., the day of doom, the day
when the world will be judged.
Domestic, dS-mes'tik, adj., belonging to the house ; doomsday-book, di50mr'da-book, a book compiled
remaining much at home, private ; tame ; not by order of William the Conqueror, containing a
foreign.n. a servant in the house.adv. do- survey of all the lands in England, their value,
mei'ticaUy. [L. domesticusdomus, a house.] owners, &c. so called from its authority in doom
domesticate, dO-mes'tik-St, v.t., to make domestic; or judgment on the matters contained in it.
to make familiar ; to tame :pr.p. domcs'ticat-
ing ; Pa.p. domes'ticated.n. domestica tion. Door, d3r, n. lit an opening; the usual entrance
domicile, doml-sil, n., a house; an abode.v.t. to into a house or into a room : the wooden frame
establish a fixed residence '.pr.p. domiciling ; on hinges closing up the entrance : a means of
Pa.f. domiciled.adj. domicU'iary. [L. domi- approach or access. [A.S. dor, duru, Gr. thura,
cihumdomus,.] a door, allied to Sans, dvar, an opening.]
domiciliate, dom-i-sil'yat, v.t., to establish in a Doquet, dok'et, a form of docket.
domicile or permanent residence \pr.p. domi Dor, Dorr, dor, n. a species of beetle, so called from
ciliating ; Pa.p. domiciliated.. domlcilia'tion. its droning sound. [A. S. dora, a drone, locust.]
Dominate, domln-St, v.t., to be lord over to Doree, do-re', or dor's, n. a fish of a golden yellow
govern ; to prevail over '.Pr.p. dominating ; colour, called also dory and John doree. [a cor
pa.p. dominated. [L. dominor, to be master ruption of Fr. jaune-dorie, golden-yellow.]
domus, a house.] Doric, dorlk, adj., belonging to Doris in Greece;
dominant, domln-ant, adj., being master; prevail denoting one of the Grecian orders of architec
ing ; predominant.. in music, the fifth note of ture. [Fr. dorioue, from L. DoricusGr. DSris.]
the scale in its relation to the first and third. [L. Dormant, dormant, adj., sleeping; at rest; not
dominans, -antis, pr.p. of dominor.] used : in a sleeping posture : in arch., leaning.
domination, dom-in-5 shun, n., government; abso . a cross-beam; a joist [Fr., pr.p. of dormir,
lute authority ; tyranny. [L. dominatio.] from L. dormto, to sleep.]
domlnative, domln-a-tiv, adj.,governing; arbitrary. dormancy, dor'man-si, state ofbeing dormant ;
domineer, domln-Sr, v.i., to rule arbitrarily; to quiescence.
command haughtily :pr.p. domineering ; Pa.p. dormer, dor'mer, n. lit the window of a sleeping-
domineered.
dominical, do-minlk-al, adj., belonging to Our room; a house.
a vertical window on the sloping roof of
Lord, as the Lord's Prayer, the Lord's Day. [L. dormitory, dorlni-tor-i, ft., a Place to sleep in; a
dominicusdominus.] large sleeping-chamber with many beds. [L,
dominion, dO-min'yun, lordship; highest power doffniloriumdormio.]
and authority; control: the country or persons dormouse, dor'mous (pi. dormice), n. lit the sleeping
governed.>/. angelic and powerful spirits.
domino, doml-no, n., a gozvn worn by a master or mouse, a gnawing animal, intermediate between
by a priest ; a long cloak of black silk, with a the is
squirrel and the rat, and so called because it
torpid in winter. [L. dormio, to sleep, and
hood, used for disguise.//, dom'inoes (6z), the Mouse : prob. adapted from Fr. dormeuse, the
name ofa game. [L. dominus, a master.] sleeper.]
don, don, . lit. a lord; a Spanish title, corre
sponding to English Sir, formerly applied only Dorsal, dor'sal, adj., pertaining or belonging to the
to noblemen, now to all classes.3,rem. donn a. back. [L. dorsum, the back.]
[Sp., from L. dominus.} Dory. See Doree.
Don, don, v.t., to do or put on; to assume '.Pr.p, Dose, dOs, n. the quantity of medicine given to be
donning ; pa.p. donned', [a contr. of do on.] taken at one time ; a portion : anything disagree
fSte, far; me", her; mine; raOte; mate; muon; Men.
 Dost
able that must be taken.v.t. to order or give
in doses : to give anything nauseous to :pr.p.
dOs'ing ; Pa.p. dosed'. [Fr., from Gr. dosis, a
givingdiddmi, to give]
Dort, dust, second pers. sing. pres. irid. of Do.
Sot, dot, n. lit. what closes u/> : any small mark
made with a pen or sharp point.v.t. to mark
with dots ; to diversify with objects.v.i. to form
dots :pr.p. dotting ;pa.p. dott'ed, [A.S. dyttan,
to close up.]
Dotal, Dotation. See under Dowry.
Dote, dot, tr.JL, to be silly; to be weakly affection
ate ; to shew excessive love :pr.p. doting ; pa.p.
dOr/ed.adv. dot'ingly. [Dutch, doten, to be silly ;
Scot, doitet, stupid; Fr. radoter, to rave.]
dotage, dOtaj, n., a doting; childishness of old
age : excessive fondness,
dotard, dot'ard, n.. one who dotes; one shewing the
weakness of old age, or excessive fondness,
, duth, third pers. sing. pres. ind. of Do.
, dubl, adj., twofold; twice as much : two of
a sort together ; in pairs : acting two parts, in
sincere. [Fr. L. duplusduplexduo, two,
and pi:<ro, to fold.]
double, dub'l, v.t. to multiply by two; to fold.
v.i. to increase to twice the quantity : to wind in
running '.Pr.p. doubling ; pa.p. doubled.n.
twice as much ; a doubling : a trick,
douhie-basa, dub'l-bas, n. the lowest-toned musical
instrument of the violin form,
double-entry, dubl-cn'tri, rt. a mode of book-keep
ing in which two entries are made of every
transaction, one on the Dr. or left-Hand side of
one account, and the other on the Cr. or right-
hand side of another account, in order that the
one entry may check the other,
doublenesa, dubl-nes, n. , the beingdouble .* duplicity,
doublet, dub'let, n. a pair : an inner garment, [old
Fr., dim. of double.]
Doubloon, dub-loon', n. a Sp. and Port, coin, worth
hqs. 8d. , double the value of a pistole.
Doubt, dout, v.i., to move between two points ; to
waver in opinion ; to be uncertain ; to hesitate ; to
suspect.v.t. to hold in doubt ; to distrust :
Pr'p. doubting ; Pa,p. doubt'ed. [Fr. douter, from
X#. dubitoduo, two, and (obs.) bito, to go.]
doubt, dout, n. uncertainty ofmind ; suspicion ; fear ;
athing doubted or questioned.n. doabt'tr.adv.
doubt Lngly.
doubtful, dolit'fool, adj., full of doubt; undeter
mined ; not clear : not secure ; suspicious ; not
confidentadv. doubt'fully.n. doubt'futnera.
doubtleu, doubles, adv., without doubt ; certainly.
dubious, dO/bi-us, adj., doubtful; undetermined :
causing doubt : of uncertain event or issue.
adv. dubiously.- /;. dubiousness.
Douceur, dOo-ser', n., that which sweetens; a gift
intended to procure favour, [IV., from doux,
douceL. dulcis, sweet.]
Douche, dOTsh, n. a jet of water directed upon a
diseased part of the body ; a shower-bath. [Fr. ;
It. doccia, a water-pipe, from L. duco, to lead.J
Dough, dO, n. lit. damped flour ; a mass of flour or
meal moistened and kneaded, but not baked.
[A.S. dakdeawian, to moisten ; Ice. deig,
doughdeigia} to wet.]
doughy, du'i, adj., like dough; soft
Doughty, dou'ti, adj., able, strong; brave. [A.S.
dohtig, valiantdugan, to be strong : Ger. tUch-
tig, solid, abletaugtn, to be strong.]
fate, far ; mS, her ; mine ;
Doze
dous, v.t, toplunge into water: to slacken
suddenly, as a sail.v.i. to fall suddenly into
water :Pr.p. dous'ing ; pa~p. doused', [r]
Dove, duv, n.\\X.. the diver, from its rapid rising
and falling in the air ; a pigeon : a word of en
dearment [A.S. duvadiiftan, to dive.]
dove-cot, duv'-kot,dove-cote, duv'-kOt, n. , a cotorbox
raised above the ground, in which pigeons breed,
dovelet, duvlet, n., ayoung or small dove.
dovetail, duv't.'il, n. a mode of fastening boards
together by fitting pieces shaped like a dove's
tail spread out into corresponding cavities.v.t.
to fit one thing into another :pr.p. dovc'tailing ;
Pa.p. dove'tailed.
Dowable, Dowager, Dower. See under Dowry.
Down, down, the soft hair under the feathers of
fowls ; the hairy covering of the seeds of certain
plants : anything which soothes or invites to
repose. [Ger. daune, the lightest kind of feather,
conn, with Ice. dum, Ger. dunst, vapour, mist]
downy, down'i, adj., covered with or made ofdown ;
like down : soft ; soothing.
Down, down, n., a hill; a bank ofsand thrown up by
the sea.//, a tract of hilly land, used-fur pas
turing sheep. [Sax dun, a hill. J
Down, down, adv. lit off orfrom a hill; in a de
scending direction ; from a higher to a lower
position : on the ground : from earlier to later
times.Prep, along a descent ; from a higher to
a lower position or state. [A. S. adtina, from,
dun, a hill : or dufen, pa.p. oidufian, to sink.]
downcast, downTcast, adj., cast or bent downward;
dejected; sad.
downfall, down'fal, n., afalling down of anything;
sudden loss of rank or reputation ; ruin,
downhearted, down'han-cd, adj. dejected in spirits,
downhill, down'hil, adj. descending; sloping ; easy,
downright, down'rtt, adj., right down; plain ; open :
artless ; unceremonious.adv. down right,
downward,down'ward, downwards,dowii'wardz.arV.,
in adirection down ; towards a lower placeor con
dition : from the source ; from a time more ancient.
[A.S. adunweardadun, weard, direction.]
downward, down'ward, adj., moving or tending
down (in any sense) ; dejected.
Downy. See under Down, soft hair.
Dowry, dow'ri, ., a gift or endowment; the pro
perty which a woman brings to her husband at
marriagesometimes used fordower. [Fr. douaire,
low L. doarium, dotariumL. doto, to endow
dos, dotis, a dowrydo, Gr. diddmi, to give.]
dower, dow'er, n. that part of the husband's pro
perty which his widow enjoys during her life
sometimes used for dowry.adjs. dow'ered, fur
nished with dower, dow'erleti, without dower,
dotal, dO'tal, adj. , pertaining to dowry or to dower.
[L. dot'altsdos. ]
do-ta'shun, n. the act ofbestowing arf<nwy
on a woman ; an endowment, [low L. dotatio.)
dowable, dowu-bl, adj., thai may be endowed;
entitled to dower.
dowager, dow'a-jcr, n, a widow with a dower; a
title given to a widow to distinguish her from the
wife of her husband's heir.
Doxology, doks-ol'o-ji, n. , the utterance ofpraise ; a
form of hymn expressing praise and honour to
God. [Gr. doxologiadoxologos, giving glory
doxa, glorydoked, to think, and Ugd, to speak.]
Doss, dOz, v.i., to sleep lightly ox to be half asleep;
to be in a dull or stuptned state.v.t. to spend
in drowsiness :pr.p. doYing ;pa.p. dozed'.m. a
i
139
 Dozen
short light sleep. [Ban. dose, to make drowsy ;
A.S. dwaes, dull; Scot, dose, apparently to fall
asleep.}n. dox'er.
Dozen, dv.7'11, adj. two and ten or twelve.n. a
collection of twelve articles. [Fr. dousaineL,
duodecimduo, two, and decern, ten.]
Drab, drab, n. lit. dregs; a low, sluttish woman.
[A.S. drabbe, drees; Ger. trabcr, husks, refuse
traben, to tread.]
dribble, drat/1, v.i., to dirty with dregs; to be
smear with mud and water '.pr.p. drabbling ;
pa.p. drabbled.
Drab, drab, n, thick, strong gray cloth; a gray or
dull brown colour, like drab cloth. [Fr. drop,
cloth, allied with Ger. derb, firm, close.]
Drachm, dram, n. lit. a handful; a weight, equal
to i oz. [Gr. drachm?, from drossomat, to grasp
with, the hand.]
Draff, draf, n. lit. dregs, waste matter ; the refuse
of malt that has been brewed from.adjs.
draff'iah, draff'y, worthless. [A.S. drof, akin to
drabbe.] See Drab, dregs.
Draft, draft, ., the act 0/ drawing; anything
drawn: a selection of men from an army, &c. :
an order for the payment of money: lines drawn
for a plan ; a rough sketch : the depth to which
a vessel sinks in water, [a corr. of Draught.]
draft, draft, v.t., to draw an outline of; to com
pose and write : to draw off; to detach '.pr.p.
drafting; pa.p. drafted.
draftsman, drafts'man, one who draws plans or
designs.
Draft*, drafts, a game. See draught*under Draw.
Dfag, drag, v.t., to draw byforce ; todrawslowly;
to pull roughly and violently ; to explore with a
drag-net.v.t. to hang so as to trail on the
ground ; to be forcibly drawn along ; to move
slowly and heavily ; to fish with a drag-net :
Pr.p. drag'ging; Pa.p. dragged'. [A.S. dragan,
to draw ; Ger. tragen, allied to L. traho, to
draw.]
drag, drag, n. a net or hook for dragging along
to catch things underwater; a heavy harrow;
a low car or cart; a contrivance for retarding
carriage wheels in going down slopes; any
obstacle to progress.
draggle, dragi, v.t. or /, to make or become wet
and dirty by dragging along the ground \~pr.p.
draggling ; pa.p. draggled.
drag-not, drag'-net, ., a net lobe dragged or drawn
along the bottom of water to catch fish.
Dragoman, dragVman, n., an interpreter, in Eastern
countries. [It. dragomanno, from Ar. tardju-
m&ntardjama, to interpret.]
Dragon, drag'un, n. a fabulous winged serpent, so
named from its terrible eyes; the constellation
Draco: a fierce person : the flying lizard of the
E. Indies. [Gr. drakdnderkomai, cdrakon,
Sans, dric, to see.]adjs. drag'oniih, drag'onuke.
dragonet, drag'un-ct, n., a little dragon; a genus
of fishes of the goby family, two species of
which are found on the coast of England.
dragonfly, drag'un-flT, an insect with very large
eyes, a long body, and brilliant colours.
dragon's-blood, drag'unz-blud, n. the red juice or
blood of several trees in S. America and the E.
Indies, used for colouring.
dragoon, dra-gt5on\ n. a horse-soldier trained to
fight either on horseback or on foot.v.t. to give
up to the rage of soldiers ; to compel by violent
measures :pr.p. dragtJDn'ing ; Pa.p. dragCOned'.
fate, far ; m{, her ; mine ;
drawing
[Fr. dragon, prob. so called from having origin
ally carried a musket called a dragon.]
dragonnade, drag-on-5d', n. the persecution of
French Protestants under Louis XIV. and his
successors, by an armed force, usually of dra
goons. [Fr.dragon, dragoon.]
dragoonade, drag-TOn-id', . abandonment of a
place to the rage of soldiers.
Drain, drSn, v.i.t to trickle away, to drop; to flow
off gradually.v.t. to draw off by degrees : to
filter ; to clear of water by drains ; to make dry ;
to exhaust :pr.p. draining ; Pa.p. drained'.
. a water-course ; a ditch ; a sewer. [A. S-
dreknigean, to strain ; old Ger. drahan, Ger.
thrane, a drop, a tear.]adj. drain'able.
drainage, drSn'Sj, n. the gradual draining or flow
ing off of a liquid ; the drawing off of water by
rivers ; the system of drains in a town.
drainer, drun'er, n,, one who drains; a utensil on
which articles are placed to drain.
Drake, drak, n., the lord or male of the duck. [Sw.
andrake, Dan. andrihA.S. ened, L. anal, a
duck, and old Ger. rih, Goth, reiks, ruler, chief.]
Dram, dram, n. a contraction of Drachm ; ^th of
an oz. avoirdupois : as much raw spirits as is
drunk at once.
Drama, dram'a, or dra'ma, n. a representation of
actions in human life ; a series ofdeeply interest
ing events : a composition intended to be spoken
and represented on the stage ; dramatic litera
ture. [L. drama, Gr. dramadrab, to do.]
dramatic, dra-martk, dramatical, dra-mat'ik-al,
adj., belonging to the drama ; appropriate to or
in the form ofa drama.adv. dramatically.
dramatise, drama-tlz, v.t. to compose in or turn into
the form of a drama or play :fr.p. dram'aUs-
ing ; pa.p. dram'atTsed. [Gr. dramatize.]
dramatist, dram'a-tist, ., the author 0/a dramatic
composition, a writer of plays.
Drank, drangkpast tense of Drink.
Drape, drSp, v. t., to cover with cloth :pr.p. driip'-
ing ; pa.p. draped'. [Fr. drap, cloth. See Drab.]
draper, draper, ., one who deals in drapery or
cloth, [rr. drapierdrap.]
drapery, drap'er-i, ., cloth-making ; cloth goods ;
hangings of any kind. [Fr. drapieriedrap.]
Drastic, dras'tik, adj., active, powerful.jc a
medicine that purges quickly or thoroughly.
[Gr. drastikosdrad, to act, to do.]
Draught, Draughts. See under Draw.
Drave, dray, old pa. t. of Drive,
Draw, draw, v.t., to drag or full along; to bring
forciblytowardsone: to entice : to inhale : to take
out : to deduce : to lengthen : to make a picture
of, by lines drawn ; to describe : to require a depth
of water for floating.v.i. to pull: to practise
drawing : to move or approach fr.p. draw'-
ing; pa t. drew (drCSo) ; Pa.p. drawn.*. the act
of drawing ; anything drawn.adj. draw'able.
[A.S. dragan. See Drag.]
drawback, draw'bak, ., a giving back of some
part of the duty on goods on their exportation ;
any loss of advantage. [Draw, and Back.]
drawbridge, draw'brij, ., a bridge that can be
drawn up or let down at pleasure.
drawee, draw-C', . the person on whom a bill of
exchange is drawn.
drawer, draw'er, he or that which draws ; a
thing drawn out, like the sliding box in a case.
pi. a. close under-garment for the lower limbs.
drawing, draw'ing, n. the art of representing objects
mote; mQte; mOon; Men.
 drawing-room
by lines drawn, shading, &c. : a picture : the
distribution of prizes, as at a lottery.
drawing-room, drawing-room, n. orig. a withdraw
ing room ; a room to which the company or a
part of it withdraws after dinner : the company
that meets there : a reception of company in it.
draw-wall, draw'-wel, ., a well from which water
is drawn up by a bucket and apparatus.
draught, draft, *., act of drawing; force needed
to draw : the act of drinking ; the quantity
drunk at a time : outline of a picture : that
which is taken in a net by drawing : a chosen
detachment ofmen : a current ofair : the depth to
which a ship sinks in the water.v.t. more com
monly Draft, to draw out tpr.p. draughting ;
Pa.p. draught'ed. [A. S. drohtdragan, to draw.]
draught, draft, draught-house, n. in B., a privy.
draughts, drafts, n. a game played by two persons,
on a checkered board, called the draught -board
(from the pieces being drawn along it], with
pieces called draughts'men.
draughtsman, drafts'man, n. See draftsman.
dray, drat n. a low strong cart for heavy goods,
which is dragged or drawn. [A.S. draege, a
drag, from dragan.]
Drawl, drawl, v.i. lit. to linger; to speak in a slow,
lengthened tone.v.t. to utter words in a slow
smd sleepy manner \~Pr.p. drawl'ing ; /a./,
drawled'.n. a slow, lengthened utterance of
the voice. [Dutch, draalen, to linger.]adv.
, drawl lngly.n. drawt'lngness.
Dray. See under Draw.
Dread, dred, n.,fear; overwhelming terror; awe ;
the objects that excite fear.adj. exciting great
fear or awe.v.t. in Pr. Bk., tofear with rever
ence : to regard with terror.v.i. to be in great
fear:fr.p. dreading; Pa.p. dread'ed. [A.S.
draed, fear, Scot, red, rod, afraid ; old Sw.
raedas, to be afraid.]
dreadful, dredTool, adj. orig.full of dread; pro
ducing great fear or awe ; terrible.adv. dread
fully.H. dread'fulness.
dreadlcta, dredles, adj.,freefrom dread; intrepid.
adv. dreadlessly.. dreadletsnesa.
Dream, drCm, n. a train of thoughts and fancies
during sleep, a vision : something which has only
an imaginary reality. [Ger. traum, a dream ;
old S. drdm, Dutch, droom, sleep ; akin to L.
dormio, Sans. drdt to sleep ; or to Gael, drcm, an
appearance.]
dream, drim, v.i. to fancy things during sleep: to
think idly.v.t. to see in, or as in a dream :
Pr.p. dreaming ; pa.t. and Pa.p. dreamt (dremt).
n. dream'er adv. dream'ingly.
dreamless, drmies, adj.^freefrom dreams. <
dreamy, drCmi, adj.,fultofdreams; appropriate to
dreams ; dreamlike.n. dream'lnese.
Drear, drir, dreary, dre*ri. adj. lit dejected, sorrow
ful ; gloomy ; cheerless.adv. drear'lly..
drear iness. [A.S. dreorigdreoran, to fall, be
come weak ; Ger. traurtgtrauem, to mourn.]
Dredge, drej, ft. an instrument for dragging ; a
drag-net for catching oysters, &c; a machine for
taking up mud from a harbour or other water.
v.t. to gather with a dredge ; to deepen with a
dredge \pr.p. dredging '.Pa.p. dredged'. [A.S.
drtegedragan, to drag.]
dredger, drej'er, n., one who fishes with a dredge:
a dredging-machine.
Dredge, drej, v.t., to sprinkle flour on meat while
roasting :pr-P dredging ;Pa.p. dredged'. [Dan.
fate, far; mC, h&r; mine;
Drink
drysse, conn, with Scot, drush, atoms, fragments.]
. dredger, a utensil for dredging.
Dregs, dregr, n.pl., refuse matter; impurities in
liquor that fall to the bottom, the grounds : dross ;
the vilest part of anything. [Ice. dregg; Ger.
dreck, excrement, mud ; allied with Gr. trux,
trugos, the dregs of wine, trugO, to dry.]
dreggy, dregi, adj., containing dregs; muddy;
foul.nr. dregg'mess ; dregg'lalmesa.
Drench, drensh, v.t. lit. to cause to drink ; to fill with
drink or liquid ; to wet thoroughly : to physic by
force :Pr.p. drenching ; pa.p. drenched'..
a draught : a dose of physic forced down the
throat. [A.S. drencean, to give to drink, from
drincan, to drink. See Drink.]
Dress, dres, v.t., to make direct or straight; to put
in order: to put clothes upon: to prepare; to
cook : to trim : to deck : to cleanse a sore.v.i.
to arrange in a line : to put on clothes :pr.p.
dressing ; Pa.t. and Pa.p. dressed' or drest.n.
the covering or ornament of the body ; a lady's
gown : style of dress. [Fr. dresser, to make
straight, to prepare, from L. dirigo, directum,
to direct.]
dresser, drcs'er, ., one who dresses: a table on
which meat is dressed or prepared for use.
dressing, dresing, n,, dress or clothes: manure given
to land : matter used to give stiffness and gloss
to cloth ; the bandage, &c. applied to a sore : an
ornamental moulding.
dressing-case, dresing-cas, n., a case of articles
used in dressing one's self.
dressy, dres'i, adj., showy in or fond of dress.
Drew, droodid draw;pa.t. of Draw.
Dribble, dribl, v.i., tofall in small drops ' to drop
quickly: to slaver, as a child or an idiot.
to let fall in drops:/r./. dribbling; Pa.p.
dribbied.n. dribbler, [dim. of Drip.]
dribblet, driblet, driblet, n., a very small drop;
a small quantity ; a small sum of money.
Drift, drift, n., that which is driven; a heap of
matter driven together ; the force that drives ;
the direction in which a thing is driven : the
object aimed at ; the meaning of words used.
v.t. to drive into heaps, as snow.v.i. to be
floated along ; to be driven into heaps '.Pr.p.
drifting; Pa.p. drifted. [See Drive.]
driftless, driftles, adj., without drift or aim.
drift-wood, drift'-wood, ., wood drifted by water.
Drill, dril, v.t., to thrill or pierce through, im
plying vibration or shaking ; henceto trill,
trail, or brandish the pike ; to train soldiers by
repeated exercise.f.*. to muster for exercise, as
soldiers xpr.p. drilling; pa.p. drilled'.n. an
instrument that bores; act of training soldiers.
[Dutch, drillen, trillen, to shake, dritlen, to
shake a pike, to drill soldiers ; A.S. thirlian, to
make a hole. See Thrill, Trail, Trill]
drill-press, dril'-pres, n., a press or machine for
drilling holes in metals.
drill-serjeant, dril'-sar-jent, n.t a sergeant or non
commissioned officer who drills soldiers.
Drill, dril, ., a row or furrow to put seed into in
sowing.v.t. to sow in rows. [W. rhill, a row.]
Drilling, driling, n. lit, a triple-corded cloth; a
coarse linen or cotton cloth, used for trousers.
[Ger. drillichdrei, three, L. tres, and licium,
a thread of the warp.}
Drink, dringk, v.t., to suck in : to swallow, as a
liquid : to take in through the senses.v.i. to
swallow a liquid ; to take intoxicating liquors to
mOte; mute; moon ; Men,
 drinkable
excess \pr.p. drinking; Pad. drank; /a./,
drunk.n. something to be drunk; intoxicating
liquor. [A.S. drincan, Ger. trinken, from Ice.
drecka, low Sax. treeken, to draw.]
drinkable, drinek'a-bl, adj.. that may be drunk ;
fit to be drunk.n. drink'ablenesa.
drinker, dringk'er, n., one who drinks ; a tippler,
drink-offering, dringk'-of-er-tng, n. a Jewish offering*
ofwine, &c. in their religious services,
drank, drungk, adj., intoxicated; saturated,
drunkard, drungk'ard, cue who frequently
drinks to excess; one habitually drunk,
drunken, drunek'n, adj., intoxicated; given to ex
cessive drinking ; resulting from intoxication,
dmnkennem, drungk'n-nes, n., intoxication; habi
tual intemperance.
Drip, drip, v.u, tofait in drops ; to let fall drops.
v. t. to let fall in drops :Pr.p. dripping ; Pa,p.
.a falling in drops ; that which falls
in drops: the edge of a roof. [A.S. drypan,
dreopan, to drop.] that
See Drop.
_, dripping, whichfalls in drops, as
fat from meat in roasting.
Drive, driv, v.t., to pushforward; to force along ;
to hurry one on ; to hunt : to guide, as horses
drawing a carriage ; to distress or straiten.v.i.
to press forward with violence ; to be forced
along ; to go in a carriage ; to tend towards a
point '.pr.p. driving ; paJ. drOve ;Pa.p. dri/en.
n. an excursion in a carriage ; a road fordriving
on.n. drlVer. [A.S. drifan, to drive ; Ger.
treiben, to push ; allied with Gr. tribd, to rub.]
drove, drOv, n. a number of cattle, or other animals,
driven.
drover, droVer, n., one who drives cattle.
Drivel, drivel, v.i., to slaver or let spittle dribble,
like a child: to be foolish ; to speak like an
idiot :pr.p. dri/elling ; Pa.p. drWettexLn.
slaver; nonsense, [a form of Dribble.]. driv
eller, a fooL
Drizzle, driz/1, v.i., to make a rustling noise in
drippingoxfalling ; to rain insmall drops :pr.f.
drizzling ; Pa.p. drizzled.n. a small, light ram.
adj. drizzly, [prov. Ger. drieseln for rieseln,
to drip; Swiss, droseln, to fall with a rustling
noise ; Dan. drasle, to patter.]
Droll, dr6l, adj., causing mirth by strange appear
ances like a troll or dwarf; odd; amusing;
laughable.n. one who excites mirth ; a jester.
v.i. to practise drollery ; to jest 'pr.p. drOH'-
Ing ; Pa.p. drolled'.adj. droU'lah, somewhat
droll.. drolTery. [Fr. drole; Ger. drollig,
funny, trolle, awkward ; Ice, tr3l, a giant, a
sorcerer.]
Dromedary, drum'e-dar-i, n. the Arabian camel,
which has one hump on its back, so namedfrom
its speed. [L. dromedarius, and dromas, from
Gr. dromas, drumados, runningdramS, to run.]
Drone, dron, n., a low, humming sound; that
which makes such a sound, as the male of the
honey-bee, or the largest tube of the bagpipe :
one who lives on the labour of others, like the
drone-bee ; a lazy, idle fellow.v.i. to make a
low, humming noise ; to live in idleness \~pr.p.
droning; Pa.P. droned'. [A.S. dran, the bee;
Ice. drvnr, Dan. dron, din, a rumbling noise,
Gael, dranndan, humming: from the sound.]
dronuth, drflnlsh, adj., like a drone; lazy, idle,
adv. dron'iihly.n. dron'iihness.
Droop. See under Drop.
Drop, drop, v.i. to fall in small particles; to let
fSte, far ; me, her ; mine ;
Druid
drops fall: to fall suddenly; to die suddenly;
to come to an end; to fall or 'sink lower.v.t.
to let fall in drops ; to cover with drops : to let
fall ; to let go, or dismiss : to utter casually : to
lower \pr.p. dropp'ing ; Pa.p. dropped'. [A.S.
dropan, dreopan; Ice. driu/a, to drip, to hang
the head ; Ger tropfen, akin to trie/en, to drop,
to trickle.]
drop, drop, . a small particle of liquid which falls
at one time ; a very small quantity of liquid :
anything hanging like a drop ; anything arranged
to drop.n. droplet, a little drop.
droop, droop, v.i. lit. to drop or hang the head ; to
sink or hang down ; to grow weak or faint ; to
decline*:Pr.p. droop'ing ; Pa.p. drooped'.
Dropsy, drop'si, n. an unnatural collection of water
in any part of the body. [con. from hydropsy
Gr. hyaor, water.]
dropsical, drop'sik-al, adj.. Pertaining tof resem
bling, or affected with dropsy.. drop'alcalnesB.
Droeky, drosTci, n. a low four-wh
age, much used in Russia. [Russ. t
otdrogi, a kind ofcarriage, properly pi. of<z
the pole of a carriage.]
Droei, dros, n., whatfalls down, dregs* the scum
which metals throw off when melting : waste
matter ; refuse ; rust. [A S. dros, from drrosan,
to fall ; Ger. druse, ore decayed by the weather.]
drossy, dros'i, adj., full ofdross; like dross; im
pure ; worthless.n. droes'iness.
Drought. See under Dry.
Drove, Drover. See under Drive,
Drown, drown, v. t., to drench or sink in water ; to
kill by placing under water ; to overpower ; to
extinguish.v.i. to be suffocated in water:
Pr.p. drowning; Pa.p. drowned'. [AS. dnmc-
nian, to drovmdrunctn, pa.p. of drincan, to
drink.] See Drench.
Drowse, drowz, v.i., to droop the head; to nod the
head, as when heavy with sleep ; to look I
and dull.v.t. to make heavy with sle-
stupify \pr.p. drowsing ; Pa.p. drowsed'.
drrosan, to fall ; Dutch, droosen, to fall
drowsy, drowzl, adj., sleepy; heavy; dull.-
drowsily.ft. drows'ineu.
Drab, drub, v.t., to strike; to beat or thrash:
Pr.p. drubbing; pa.p. drubbed'.n. a blow,
[prov. Eng. drab, A.S. drepan, Ice. drabba.]
Drudge, druj, v.u, to drag orpullforcibly; to work
hard ; to do very mean work ifir.p. drudg'ing ;
Pa.p. drudged'.n. one who works hard ; a slave ;
a menial servant.adv. drudgingly. [A.S. drro~
gan, to work ; Scot, drug, to drag ; akin to Dreg-]
drudgery, drui'er-i, n.t the work ofa drudge ; hard
or humble labour.
Drug, drug, n. an herb dried for use as medicine ;
any substance used in medicine, or in dyeing ;
an article that sells slowly, like medicines.v.t.
to mix or season with drugs ; to dose to ex
cess.v.i. to prescribe drugs or medicines :
pr.p. drugging \ pap. drugged'. [A.S.drig, dry.]
druggist, druglst, n., one who deals in drugs.
Drugget, drug**it, n,, a coarse woollen cloth, used as
a protection for carpets. [Fr. droguet, of
drogue, drug, trash.]
Druid, drTOld, n.t a Priest among the ancient
Celts of Britain, Gaul, and Germany, who wor
shipped under oak-trees.fern. Drald'eea.adj.
draldlcal. [Gael, druidh ; W. derwyddderw,
oaks, udd, master, Gr. drus, an oak, Sans, drus,
mCte ; mflte ; moon ; Men,
 dniidism duchess
a tree : according to Ampere, Celt, dia, God, tuch, a form of zeugseugen, to make; allied
and root re, to speak, thus = theologian.] with Gr. tuktonteuchd, to make.]
druiduun, drCO'id-izm, n. , the doctrines which the Duck, duk, v.t., to dip for a moment in water.
Druids taught ; the ceremonies they practised. v.i. to dip or dive ; to lower the head suddenly:
Dram, drum, . a cylindrical musical instrument : pr.p. ducking ; pa.p. ducked'.n. a well-
anything shaped like a drum ; the tympanum or known water-bird, so named from its ducking or
middle portion of the car: in arch.t the upright dipping its head : a dipping or stooping of the
part of a cupola ; m meek., a revolving cylinder. head. [Ger. ducken, to bow, to stoop.]
[A.S. dream, dryme, music; Dan. tromme, Ger. duckling, dukling, ., a young duck.
trommel, a drum : from the sound. ]
drum, drum, v.i., to beat a drum; to beat with the Duct, dukt, that which cotiducts or leads; a
tube conveying fluids in animal bodies or plants.
fingers ; to throb.v.t., to drum out, to expel : [L. ductusduco, to lead.]
pr.p. drumm'ing; /a./, drummed'.n. drumm'er.
drumhead, drumlied, n., tkt head of a drum: the ductile, yielding
duk'tU, adj., that may be led; easily led ;
: capable of being drawn out into wires
top part of a capstan. or threads. [L. ductilisduco, ductus, to lead.)
drum-major, drum'-ma-jer, n., the major or cfcr ' ductility, duk-til'i-ti, ., the quality of being duc
drummer of a regiment. tile ; capacity of being drawn out without break
drum-stick, drum'-stik, n., the stick with which the ing; pliablencss.
drum is beat. Dudgeon, duj'un, n., grudge ; resentment ; ill-will;
Drunk, Drunkard, &c. See under Drink. sulienncss. [W. aygen, angerdygn, painful.]
Drop*, drOOp, n. a fleshy fruit containing a stone, as Due, du, adj., owed; that ought to be paid or done
the plum, &c. whichfalls when ripe. [L. dru/a, to another : proper ; enforced by conscience ;
Gr. druppa, an overripe olive ; dru/etfs, quite becoming : appointed ; exact.adv. exactly ;
ripe, from drys, a tree, and piptd, to fall.) directly.. that which is owed ; what one has
drupaceous, drOo-pa'shus, adj., producing or per a right to ; perquisite ; fee or tribute : just title.
taining to drupes or stone-fruits. [Fr. dH, pa.p. of devoir, L. debeo, to owe.]
Dry, drT, adj. free from moisture ; without rain or duly, du'li, adv., Properly; fitly; at the proper
damp : without sap ; not green : not giving milk : time.
thirsty : uninteresting : severe, sarcastic ; frigid, duty, du'ti, ., that which is due; what one is
precise.adv. dryly.--. dry'new. [A.S. art, bound by any obligation to do ;,obedience ; mili
drig, dry, drigan, to dry ; Ger. trocken, ireugen, tary service : one's proper business : tax on goods.
Gr. trugS, to dry.] duteous, du'te-us, adj., devoted to duty; obedient.
dry, drT, v. t. to free from water or moisture ; to adv. du'teoufly.n. du'teousneas.
scorch ; to exhaust.v.i. to become dry ; to be dutiful, du'ti-fool, adj., attentive to duty) obedient;
come free from juice : to evaporate entirely: respectful : expressive of a sense of duty.adv.
Pr.p. drying : Pa.p. dried'.. drt'er. du'tifolly.. du'tifulness.
dry-goods, dn -goodz, n.pl. drapery, &c. as dis Duel, du'el, n. a combat between two persons;
tinguished from groceries.
dry-nurse, drT'-nurs, a nurse who feeds a child insingle combat to decide a quarrel.v.t. to fight
single combat :Pr.p. dfl'clling ; Pa.p. duelled.
without milk from the breast.
dry-rot, drf-rot, n. a decay of timber, caused by duellum, theororig.
. du'eller duellist. [Fr., It. duello, from L.
form of bellumduo, two.]
fungi which reduce it to a dry, brittle mass.
dryaaiter, drT'sawlt-er, ., a dealer in salted or dry tice of fighting inn.single
duelling, du'el-ing, fighting in a duel; the prac
meats, pickles, &c. ; or in gums, dyes, drugs, Duenna, du-en'a, n., an combat. old lady who acts as
&c guardian to a younger. [Sp., a form of donna.]
drysaltery, drT'sawlt-er-!, tlie articles kept by a Duet, dd-et*, Duetto, du-ct'to, n. a piece of music
drysalter; the business of a drysaltcr.
drought, drout, ., dryness; want of rain or of for two. [It. duettoL. duo, two.]
water; thirst. [A.S. drugoth, drynessdrig.] Duffel, dufVI, n. a thick, coarse woollen cloth, with
droughty, droutl, adj.,full of drought; very dry; a nap. [prob. from Duffel, a town in Belgium.]
wanting rain, thirsty.u. drought luces. Dug, dug, n. the nipple of the pap, esp. applied
Dryad, drfad, n. in Greek myth., a nymph of the to that of a cow or other beast. [Sw. dagga,
woods. [Gr. dryades, pi., from drys, a tree.] Dan. dagge, to suckle a child.]
Dual, du'al, adj., consisting of two, as the dual Dug, dug, pa.t. and Pa.p. of Dig.
number in Greek. [L. dualisduo, two.]
dualism, du'al-izm, n. the doctrine of two gods, one Dugong, dfl-gong', . a kind of herb-eating whale,
from 8 to 20 feet long, found in Indian seas.
good, the other evil, The fable of the mermaid is said to be founded
dualist, dG al-ist, n., a believer in dualism. on this animal. [Malayan, dHydng.]
duality, du-al'ii-i, ., that which gives the idea cf Duke, duk, n. lit. a leader, a chieftain, so in B, ;
two, or doubleness ; state of being double. the highest order of nobility next below the
Dusxchy, dO'ark-i, n., government by two persons. Prince of Wales : on the continent, a sovereign
[Gr. duo, two, and archi, government.] prince.fern. Duchess.adj. du'eal [Fr. due;
Dub, dub, v.t. to confer knighthood by striking the L. dux, duds, a leaderduco, to lead.]
shoulder with a sword ; to confer any dignity : dukedom, dflk'dura, the title, rank, or territories
pr.p. dubb'ing; pa.p. dubbed'. [A.S. dubban, ofa duke. [Duk*, and A.S. dam, power.]
Ice. dubba, Gr. tuptS, to strike.] ducat, duk 'at, n. orig. a coin struck by a duke; %
DuUoua, Dubiousness. See under Doubt. coin worth, when silver, as. 6d, when gold, twice
Ducal, Ducat, Duchess, Duchy. See under Duke. as much. [Fr. ducat; It. ducato.]
Duck, duk, n., a kindofcoarse cloth for small sails, duke; duch'es,
duchess, ., the consort or widow of a
sacking, &c [Scot, doock; Sw. duk, cloth ; Ger. right. a[Fr. lady who possesses a duchy in her own
duchessedue.]
fate, far; m, her; mine; mOte; mute; mCfDn; Men.
143
 duchy Dust
duchy, duch'i, ., the territory of a duke, a duke pr.p. to manure with dung.vd. to void excrement :-
dom. [Fr. duck/due.] dunging ; Pa.p. dunged'.adj. dung y [A_S-
Dulcet, dul'set, adj., sweet to the taste, or to the dung-hill, dung, Ger. dung, dunger.]
ear ; melodious, harmonious, [old Fr. dolcet, mean situation. dung^-hil, a hill or heap 0/dung; any
dim. ofdels = dauxL. dulcis, sweet.]
dnlcifluous, dul-sifloo-us, adj.,/lowingsweetly. [L. Dungeon, dun'jun, ., the commanding building of
afortress ; a close, dark prison; a cell under
dulcis, and
dulcimer, dul /Ino,
si-mer,to n.flow.]
a musical instrument, so ground, [from root of Donjon.]
named from the sweetness of its soundit is tri Dunlin, dunlin, . a kind of sandpiper, so called
angular, with 50 brass wires, which are struck from its frequenting the dunes and pools by the
with small rods : a Jewish musical instrument, sea-side. [Gael, dun, hill, and linne, a pool.]
ace to Gcsenius, a double pipe with a bag. Duo, du'o, . a song in twoparts. [L. duo, two.]
Dull, dul, adj., stupid, from wandering 0/ the duodecimal, dQ-o-des'i-mal, adj., computed by
mind; slow of hearing, of learning, or of under twelves; twelfth.//, a rule of arithmetic, in
standing: insensible; without life or spirit : slow which the denominations rise by twelve. [L.
of motion; drowsy; sleepy: sad; downcast: duodecim, twelveduo, two, and decern, ten.]
cheerless; not bright or clear; cloudy; dim, duodecimo, du-o-desl-mo, adj. formed of sheets
obscure : obtuse ; oluntadv. dolly.n. dul'- folded so as to make twelve leaves.n. a book
nen. [A. S. doldwolian, to err ; Dutch, doI, of such sheetsusually written lamo.
maddolen, to wander, to rave; Gcr. toll, mad.] duodeoannial, du-o-de-sen'yal, adj. occurring every
doll, dul, v.t., to make dull; to make stupid ; to twelveyears. [L. duodecim, annus, a year.]
blunt; to damp; to cloud.p.*. to become dull: duodeeuple, dO-o-dck'u-pl, adj., twelvefold; con
Pr'P- dull'ing ; pa.p. dulled'. sisting of twelve. [L. duodecim, plica', to fold.]
dullard, dui'ard, ., a dull and stupid person; a Duodenum, dfl-o-d'num, n. the first of the small in
dunce.
dnil-sighted, duT-sTt-ed, adj. having dull or weak testines, so called because about twefoe fingers'
breadth in length. [L. duodeni, twelve each.]
sight.
dull-witted, dul'-wit-ed, adj. not smart ; heavy. Dupe, dup, oneeasilycheated; one who is deceived
Duly. Sec under Due. or misled.v.t. to deceive ; to trick :Pr.p. dup'-
ing ; pa.p. duped'.adj. dnp'able. [Fr. dupe,
Dumb, dum, adj., dull; silent; unable to speak; from duppe, a hoopoe, a foolish bird : or cor
without the power of speech ; soundless.. rupted from L. decipio, to catch.]
dumbness. [A.S. dumb, Ger. dump/, dead (of Duple, du'pl, adj., double; twofold. [L. duplex,
sound), dumm, stupid ; Dutch, dum, dull, deaf.] twofold, from duo, two, and plico, to fold.)
dumb-bells, dum'-belz, n.pl. weights swung in the duplicate, dfl'plik-at, adj., double; twofold.n. an
hands for exercise, other thing of the same kind ; a copy or trans
dumb-show, dura'-shO, n. gesture without words ; cript.v.t. to double; to fold:Pr.p. dQ'plici:-
pantomime.
dummy, dum'i, sr., one who is dumb: a sham pack ing; Pa./, du'plicated. [L. duplico, duplicatus
age in a shop : the fourth or exposed hand when duplicity, duplex.]n. duplication,
three persons play at whist. dO-plislt-i, ., doubleness; Insincerity of
Dump*, dumps, n.pl., dullness or gloominess of Dure, heart or speech ; deceit. [L. dupliritasduplex.}
mind ; ill-humour. [Ger. dump/, gloomy [L. durodurus, dflr, vd. (obs.). to endure, last, or continue.
dumm, dull.] See Damp. hard.]
dumpish, dump'ish, adj.,given to dumps; depressed [pr.p, of obs. /r<r;*.,_/(?r
during, during,
Dure,
the time a thing lasts.
to last]
in spirits.adv. dumplihly.. dump'Uhneu. durable, duYa-bl, adj. , ableto last or endure ; hardy ;
Dumpy, dump'i, adj., short and thick. [Ice. doomp, permanent.adv. durably.n. dur'ableneas. [L.
a short, stout, servant-maid, from dempa, to durabilisduro, to last]
check : or from Dub or Dab.]
dumpling, dumpling, ;:. a kind of thick pudding or durability, dflr-a-billt-i, n., quality oj'being durable,
power of resisting decay,
mass of paste. durance, dur'ans, n., continuance ; imprisonment ;
Dun, dun, adj., of a dark colour, partly brown duress. [L. durans, pr.p. ofduro.]
and black.v.t. to make of a dun colour :Pr.p. duration, du-ra'shun, continuance in time;
dunn'ing ; Pa.p. dunned'. [A.S. dun, W. dwn, time indefinitely ; power of continuance,
dusky ; Gael, don, brown.] duress, dflr'es, ., hardship ; constraint ; imprison
dunnuh, dun'ish, adj., somewhat dun. ment [old Fr. duressedur, L. durus, hard.]
Dun, dun, v.t. to demand a debt with din or noise; dureth, duVcth, in B., 3d pcrs. sing, of obs- Dure.
to urge for payment :Pr.p. dunning ; Pa.p. Durst, durst, pa.t. of Dare. [A.S. dorste, pa.t of
dunned'.n., one who duns ; a demand for pay dear, to dare.]
ment. [A.S. dynian, Ice. dynia, to make a noise, Dusk, dusk, adj., dull; darkish ; of a dark colour.
to clamour, from A.S- dyne, Ice. dyn, noise.] n. twilight ; partial darkness ; darkness of
Dunce, duns, ., one opposed to learning; one slow colour.adj. dukly.n. duk'nen. [Sw. dusk,
at learning : a stupid person ; one of weak intel dull weather; Dan. dulsk, dull.]
lect. [Duns (Scotus), the leader of the school dusky, duskl, adj., dark or obscure ; dark-coloured :
men from him called Dunses, who opposed sad ; gloomy.-adv. dusk Uy.n. duskiness.
classical studies in the revival of learning.] duaUih, duslclsh, adj.i rather dusky ; slightly dark
adjs. dundih, duncellk*. or black.adv. dutklably.. duix'laoneia.
Dune, dOon, n. a low hill of sand on the sea-shore. Dust, dust, n. fine particles of anything like smoke
[A.S. and Gael, dun, a hill.] or vapour ; powder : earth ; the grave( where the
Dune dung, a wet heap ,* the excrement of ani body becomes dust; a mean condition.v.L
mals ; refuse litter mixed with excrementv.t. to free from dust ; to sprinkle with dust :Pr.p,
file, far ; me, her ; mine ; mOte ; mute ; moon ; Men.
44
 duster
dusting ; Pa.p. dust'ed. [A.S. dust, Ger. dunst,
vapour ; Dutch, donst, vapour, flour.]
duster, dust'er, n. a utensil to clearfrom dust.
dusty, dust*!, adj., covered or sprinkled with dust;
like dustn. dustiness.
Dutch, duch,adj. belongingto Holland, oritspeople.
[Ger. deutsckdeut, old Ger. diet, A.S. tkeod,
the people.]
Duteous, Dutiful, Duty, &c. See under Due.
Duumvirate, dQ-um'vi-rat, n., the union of two in
the same office ; a form of government in ancient
Rome. [L, duo, two, and vir, a man.]
Dwale, dwl,w.the deadlynightshade, whichpoisons,
dulls, or stufifies; in her., a black colour.
[A.S. dwal, foolishdwelan, to be dull, stupid.]
Dwarf, dwawrf, n. anything crooked or deformed;
an animal or plant that does not reach the ordi
nary height ; a diminutive man.v.t. to hinder
from growing \pr.p. dwarfing ; /a./, dwarfed'.
[A.S. dweorgthwer, crooked.]
dwarfish, dwawrfish, adj., likeadwarf; very small ;
despicable.adv. dwarflahly.n. dwarfishneai,
Dwall, dwel, v.i., to delay, to linger; to abide in
a place ; to inhabit : to rest the attention ; to
continue long :pr.p. dwelling; pa.t. and Pa.p.
dwelled' or dwelt'.n. dwell 'or. [A.S. dwelan,
to wander; old Sw. dwaelias, to delay.]
dwelling, dwellng, n., the place where one dwells;
habitation: continuance.
Dwindle, dwin'dl, v.i., to waste away; to grow
less: to grow feeble; to become degenerate. v.t.
to lessen :pr^p. dwin'dling ; fa.p. dwin'dled.
[A.S. dwinan, to fade ; Dan. tvtne, topineaway.]
Dye, dl, v.t., to soak; to stain; to give a new
colour to :pr.p. dye'ing; pa.p. dyed'.n.
colour; tinge; stain; a colouring liquid. [A.S.
deagan, to dye ; Dan. dygge, to sprinkle with
water ; prob. akinto L. tingo, Gr. tenggd, to wet. ]
dyer, dl'er, n. one whose trade is to dye cloth, &c.
dyeing, dT'ing, n.f the art or trade of colouring
cloth , &c.
dye-stuns, dl'-stufs, n.pi. material used in dyeing.
Dying, dT'ing,pr.p. of Die.adj. destined for death,
mortal ; occurring immediately before death,
as dying words ; supporting a dying person, as a
dying bed ; pertaining to death.. death.
Dyke, same as Dike.
Dynamic, di-nam'ik, Dynamical, dl-namlk-al, adj.,
relating to poiver; relating to the effects of
forces in nature. [Gr, dynamikosdynamis,
powerdynamai, to be able.]adv. dynamically.
dynamics, dT-namlks, the science offorces pro
ducing motion in bodies.
dynamometer, din-am-ome-ter, n. an instrumentor
measuring strength, csp. that of animals. [Gr.
dynamis, and metron, a measure.]
Dynasty, dl^nas-ti, or din', n. lit. lordship; a succes
sion of kings of the same family.adj. dynastic,
belonging to a dynasty. [Gr. dynastts, a lord
dynamai.\
Dysentery, dis'en-ter-i, n. a disease of the entrails
or bowels, attended with pain and a discharge of
mucus and blood.adj. dysenteric. [Gr. dy-
senteria, from dys, ill, entera, the entrails.]
Pyspepsy, dis-pep'si, Dispepsia, dis-pep'si-a, ., diffi
cult digestion ; indigestion, [Gr. dyspepsiadys,
hard, difficult, and pessd, peflsd, to digest]
dyspeptic, dis-pep'tik, adj.7 afflicted with, pertain
ing to, or arising from indigestion.. a person
afflicted with dyspepsia.
fate, far ; mC, her; mine;
J 145
Earnest
E
Each, Sch, adj., every one in any number separately
considered. [A.S. eelc, from a, aa, ever, and
lie, like ; Scot, ilk, ilka.}
Eager, 6'ger, adj. lit. sharp, keen ; excited by de
sire ; ardent to do or obtain ; earnest.adv.
eagerly.n. eagerness, [old Eng. egre, Fr. aigre,
Prov. agre, from L. acer, sharp-root ac, sharp.]
Eagle, e*gl, I*, lit the swift one; a large bird of
prey : a military standard, carrying the figure of
an eagle : a gold coin of the United States,
worth ten dollars or 43s. [Fr. aigle, Sp. aguila,
L. aquila, from root ac, sharp, swift]
eagle-eyed, e'gl-Id, adj., sharp-eyed as an eagle;
having a piercing eye ; discerning.
agist, eglet, n., ayoung ax small eagle.
Eagre, 6'ger, n. rise of the tide, same as Bora. [A,S.
egor, water, sea.]
Ear, r, , the organ of hearing or the external part
merely; the sense orpower ofhearing; the faculty
ofdistinguishing sounds : attention : anything like
an ear. [A.S. eare; ~L.auris; Ger. ohr.y-adjs.
axed', having ears ; earless, wanting ears.
ear-ache, eV-uk, n., an ache or pain in the ear,
ax-drop, cV-drop, ear-ring, eV-ring, ., a ring or
ornament drooping or hanging from the ear.
ear-drum, eV-drum, the drum or middle cavity
ofthe ear.
ar-mark, fr'-mark, n., a mark on a sheep's ear.
ear-shot, cV-stiot, n. hearing distance,
ear-trumpet, cV-trump-et, n., a tube to aid in hearing.
ear-wax, eV-waks, n. a waxy substance secreted by
the glands of the ear into the outer passage,
earwig, cVwig, n. a common insect with forceps at
its tall, incorrectly supposed to creep into the
brain through the ear : one who gains the ear
of another by stealth for a bad end. [Ear, and
A.S. wicga, a worm.]
ear-witneas, er'-wit-ncs, ., a witness that can testify
from his own hearing; one who hears a thing.
Ear, fx, n. a spike, as of com.v.i. to put forth
cars, as corn '.pr.p. '.earing ; pa.p. eared'*
[A.S. ear, Ger. &hre.\
Ear, er, v.t. (obs.) to plough or till. [A.S. ert'an;
L. aro; Gr. arodroot or, to plough.]
earing, firing, n. (obs.) ploughing.
Barl, erl, n. lit. a chief; a count; an English
nobleman ranking between a marquis and a
viscount. [A.S. eori, Ice. iarl, a chief, count,
leader.]
earldom, erl'dum, the dominion or dignity ofan
earl. [Earl, and A.S. dom, power.]
Early, erli, adj., before^ in time : in good season ;
at or near the beginning of the day.adv. soon.
n, aarliness. [A.S. arlt'cear, before.]
Earn, em, v.t., to gain by labour; to acquire; to
deserve :Pr.p. earning; pa.p. earned . [A.S.
earnian, to earn ; Dutch, emen, to reap, ame,
harvestroot ar, to plough.]
earnings, er'ningz, n.pl., what one has earned;
money saved.
Earnest, er'nest, adj., shewing strong desire; de
termined ; eager to obtain ; intent ; sincere.
. seriousness ; reality.adv. eax'nestly.n.
ear'nestnass. [A.S. eomest, serious ; Dutch,
emsten, to endeavour ; Ger. emst, ardour, zeal,
gent, willingly.]
Earnest, er'nest, . money given in token of a bar-
mOte ; mate ; mCrOn ; then.
 Earth
gain made; a pledge; first-fruits. [Old Fr.
ernes; L. arrha; Scot, arte.]
Earth, erth, n. lit. the ploughed land ; the matter
on the surface of the globe ; soil : dry land, as
opposed to sea : the world ; the people of this
world. [A.S. earth; Ger. erde; Gr. era. Sans.
iraroot or, to plough.)
earth, erth, v.t. to hide or cause to hide in the
earth ; to bury.v.i, to burrow :Pr.p. carth'-
ing ; Pa.p. earthed',
eirth-born, erth -bawrn, adj., bornfrom the earth.
earth-bound, erth'-bound, adj., bound at held by the
earth, as a tree,
earthen, crth'n, adj., made ofearth or clay ; earthly ;
frail.. earth enware, crockery,
earth-flax, erth'-flaks, n. asbestos,
earthling, irthling, n. , a dweller on the earth,
earthly, erthli, adj., belonging to the earth; vile ;
worldly.n. earthlines*,
earthly-minded, erthli-mlnd-ed, adj. having the
mind intent on earthly things,. earthly-
nundedness.
earth-nut, erth'nut, n. the popular name of certain
tuberous roots growing underground.
earthquake, erth'kwak, ., a quaking or shaking
ofthe earth ; a heaving of the ground.
earthward, crth'ward, adv., toward the earth,
earth-work; erth'wurk, n., the removing ofearth in
making railways, &c ; a fortification of earth.
earth-worm, erth-wurm, n., the common worm; a
mean, niggardly person.
earthy, erth'i, adj., consisting of, relating to, or
resembling earth; inhabiting the earth: gross;
unrefined.n. earth'lneai.
Eaae, cz, ., state of quiet; freedom from pain or
disturbance ; rest from work ; quiet ; freedom
from-difficulty ; naturalness.[A.S. eath, gentle,
ead, prosperity : Fr. aise ; L. otium.)
ease, 6z, v.t., to give ease to; to free from pain,
trouble, or anxiety ; to relieve ; to calm ',yr.p.
easing ; pa.p. eased'.
easement, eYment, ., that which gives ease;
relief; assistance; support.
easy, eVi, adf, at ease; free from pain; tranquil;
unconstrained : giving ease : not difficult : yield
ing ; complying : not straitened.-adv. ea*ily.
. eas'lness.
Easel, eVl, n. the frame on which painters support
their pictures while painting. [Ger. esel, an ass.]
East, est, n. that part of the heavens where the
sun first shines or rises; one of the four car
dinal points of the compass ; the countries to the
east of Europe.adj. towards the rising of the
sun. [Ger. ost; akin to Gr. ids, the dawn ;
Sans, ushas, the dawnush, to burn.]
easterllng, ester-ling, n. a native of a country lying
to the east of us, esp. a trader from the shores
of the Baltic.
easterly, est/er-li, adj., comingfrom the eastward;
looking toward the cast.adv., on the east ;
toward the east.
astern, estcrn, adj., connected with 'the East;
dwelling in the East ; towards the East
eastward, Gst'ward, adv., toward the east.
Easter, eVter, n. a Christian festival commemorat
ing the resurrection of Christ, held on the Sun
day after Good Friday in April. [AS. Easter,
from Eastre, a goddess in honour of whom a
festival was celebrated in April.]
Easy. See under Ease.
Eat, ft, v.t. to chew and swallow ; to consume ; to
flte, far ; me, her ; mine ;
Eclectic
corrode.v.i. to take food; to taste; to cor
rode :pr.p. earing ; pa.t. eat (et) or ate ; pa.p.
eat (et) or eaten (etnjn. eat'er. [A.S. ettan,
Ger. essen, L. edo, esse, Gr. edd. Sans, ad, to eat. }
eatable, ta-bl, adj., that can be eaten; fit to be
eaten.n. anything used as food.
Eaves, evz, n.pl., tlte edge of the roof projecting
over the wall. [Sax. ejese, the edge.]
eavesdrop, evz'drop, n. the water which falls in
drops from the eaves of a house.v.i. to stand
under the eaves or near the windows of a house
to listen.n. eavee'-dropper, one who thus Listens ;
one who tries to overhear private conversation.
Ebb, eb, the going back or retiring of the tide ;
a decline or decay.v.i. to flow back ; to sink ;
to decay:Pr.p. ebbing; pa.p. ebbed'. [/VS.
ebba, Ger. ebbe, akin to L. ah, from.]
ebb-tide, eb'-tld, n. the ebbing or retiring tide.
Ebony, cb'on-i, n. a kind of wood almost as heavy
and hard as stone, usually black, admitting oi"
a fine polish. [L. ebenus, Gr. ebenos, from Heb.
hobnim, pi. of hobni, obnieben, a stone.]
ebon, eb'on, adj., made ofebony; black as ebony.
Ebriety, e-brT'e-tt, n. lit. the act ofdrinking out rf
a cup; drunkenness. [L. ebnetas, from ebrius,
drunk.]
Ebullient, e-bul'yent, adj., boiling up or over.' [L.
ebullient, -entise, up, and bultio, to boil.]
ebullition, cb-ul-lish'un, . , act ofboiling; agitation :
a.display of feeling; an outbreak.
Eccentric, ek-sen'trik, Eccentrical, ek-sen'trik-al,
adj., departing from, the centre; not having
the same centre as another, said of circles : out
of the usual course ; not conforming to common
rules ; odd.adv. eccen'trkaUy. [L. ex, out of,
and centrum, the centre.]
eccentric, ek-sen'trik, n. a circle not having the
same centre as another ; in mech., a wheel hav
ing its axis out of the centre.
eccentricity, ek-scn-tris'it-i, n.t the distance of the
centre of a planet's orbitfrom the centre of the
sun: singularity of conduct ; oddness.
Ecclesiastic, ek-kle'-zi-as'tik, Ecclesiastical, ek-kl-zt-
as'tik-al, adj., belonging to the church.n. ecde-
eias'tic, one consecrated to the church, a. priest,
a clergyman. [Gr. ekklesiastikos, from ekkllsia.
an assembly called out, the churchek, out, and
kaled, to call.]
Eccleslastei, ek-klS-zi-as'tCz, n. lit. a preacher; one
of the books of the Old Testament. [Gr ]
Eccleslastlcns, ek-kle-zi-as'tik-us, n. lit. a preacher ;
a book of the Apocrypha. [L.]
eccledology, ek-kle"-zi-ol'o-ji, the science of build
ing and decorating churches, [Gr. ekklisia, a
church, logos, a discourse.]
Echo, ek'O, n.pl. Echoes, ek'oz, the repetition ofa
sound from some object.v.i. to reflect sound;
to be sounded back; to resound.v.L to send
back the sound of; to repeat a thing said :
pr.p. ech'oing; pa.p. ech'ocd. [L. echo ; Gr.
irfid, a sound.]
Eclaircissement, ek-laVsis-mong, the act ofclear
ing up anything: explanation. [Fr.eclairdr,
pr.p. eclaircissantclair, L. clarus, clear.]
Eclat, e-kla', n. lit. a breaking, a burstingfortA; a
striking effect ; applause; splendour. [Yr. eclatt
from old Fr. esclater, to break, to shine ; Gr.
klaS, Ger. schleissen, to break.]
Eclectic, ek-lek'tik, adj., electing or choosing out ;
picking out.n. one who selects opinions from
mOte ; mute ; mSon ; then.
 eclecticism
different systems.adv. eclec'tlcaUy. [Gr. eklek-
tUcoseh, out, legd, to choose.]
eclecticism, ek-lek'ti-sizm, ., the practice of an
eclectic; the doctrine of the Eclectics, certain
ancient philosophers who professed to choose
from all systems the parts they thought true.
eclogue, eklog, n. lit. a selection ; a pastoral poem.
[Fr.L. ecloga, Gr. eklogiek, and legd.\
Eclipse, ek-lips', *. lit a failure ; the interception
of the light of one celestial body by another : loss
of brilliancy; darkness.v.t. to hide a luminous
body wholly or inpart ; to darken '.Pr.p. eclips
ing; Pa.p. eclipsed'. [L. eclipsis; Gr. eileipsis
ekUipd, to fadek, out, leipd, to leave.]
ecliptic, ek-lip'tik, n , the line in which eclipses
takePlace, the apparent path of the sun round
the earth ; a great circle on the globe correspond
ing to the celestial eclipticadj. pertaining to or
described by the ecliptic. [Gr. ejtleiptikos.]
Eclogue. See under Eclectic.
Economy, eVkon'o-mi, n.t the management of a
household or of money-matters ; a frugal and
judicious expenditure of money: a system of
ceremonies; regular operations, as of
[L. ceconomiaGr. oikonomiaoikos, a
nd nomas, a law.]
ek-o-nom'ik, economical, ek-o-nomlk-al,
adj., pertaining to economy; frugal; careful.
i,t ek-o nom'iks, n.sing:, the science of
household management; political economy,
economist, -kon'o-mist, ., one w/io is economical,
one who studies or teaches political economy,
economise, e-kon'o-mlz, v..t to manage with
economy; to spend money carefully ; to save.
v.t. to use prudently; to spend with frugality:
pr.p\ econ omlsing ; p.i.p. ccon'omTscd.
Ecstasy, ek'sta-sl, n. lit. the state of being beside
one's self, or in which the powers of the senses
are suspended : excessive joy ; enthusiasm. [Gr.
ekslastseh, aside, histimi, to make to stand.]
ecstatic, ek-stat'ik, ecstatic*!, ek-stafik-al, adj.,
causing ecstasy : amounting to ecstasy ; raptur
ous.adv. ecstatically.
Ecumenic, ek-Q-mcn'ik, Ecumenical, ek-Q-men'ik-al,
adj., belonging to the whole inhabited world-
general. [L. oxumenicus, from Gr. oikoumene
Jgi), the inhabited {world;oiked, to inhabit]
Edacious, 5-di'shi-us, adj., given to et ; greedy ;
gluttonous.adv.rt* doualy..e< ,c-das'il-i.
(L. edax, edacis*do, to eat.]
Eddy, edl, n., a current of water or air running
bach, contrary to the main stream, thus causing
a circular motion ; a whirlpool; a whirlwind.
v.*. to move round and round '.pr.p. edd'ying;
Pa.t>. edd'icd. [A.S. ed, back, ea, a stream : acc.
to Wedgwood, A-S.^rA, rush of waterythian,
to overflow ; Ice. yda, a whirlpoolyda, to rush.]
Edematoee, C-dem'a-tOz, Edematous, e-dem'a-tus, adj.,
swelling with watery humour; dropsicaL [Gr.
eidima, a swellingoided, to swclL]
Eden, e'den, n., a place ofpleasure; the garden
where Adam and Eve lived; a paradise. [Heb.
eden, delight, pleasure.]
Edentata, e-den'tat, Edentated, S-den'tat-cd, adj.,
without teeth; wanting front teeth. [L. edenta
inst, neg., and dens, dentis, a tooth.]
Edge, ej, n., the border of anything; the brink:
the cutting side of an instrument : something that
wounds or cuts ; sharpness of mind or appetite ;
fate, far ; mO, her ; mine :
Efitect
keenness.v.t. to put an edge on; to place a
border on : to exasperate : to urge on ; to move
by little and little.v. i. to move sideways .-pr.p.
edging; pa.p. edged'. [A.S. ecg; Ger. eckep
akin to egge, L. aciesroot ac, sharp.]
edge-tool, cj'-tool, ., a tool with a sharp edge.
edgewise, ej'wlz, adv., in the direction ofthe edge;
sideways. [Edge, and wiseA.S. wisa, manner.]
edging, ej'ing, n., that which forms the edge; a
border ; fringe.
Edible, edl-bl, adj., fit to be eaten. [L. edo, to eat]
Edict, C'dikt, n., something sPoken or proclaimed by
authority ; an order issued by a king or lawgiver.
[L. edictusne, out, and dico, dictum, to say.]
Edify, ed'i-fl, v.t., to build up in knowledge and
goodness ; to improve the mind :Pr.p. cd'ifying ;
Pa.p. ed'ified.n. ed'lfyer. [Fr. edifier, L. a-difico
des, a house, andfacio,' \ to make.]
edifying, cd'i-fT-ing, adj. Linstructive; improving.
adv. ed'ifylngly.
edification, cd-i-fi-kii'shun, n., act of edifying; in
struction ; progress in knowledge or in goodness,
edifice, ed'i-hs, n. a large building or house,
edlle, e'dll, n. a Roman magistrate who had the
charge ofPublic buildings and works. [L. atdilis
odes, a building.]n. e'dileehip.
Edit, cd'it. v.t. lit to give out, to publish; to
superintend the publication of; to prepare for
publication '.pr.p. ed'iting ; pa.p. edited. [I*.
edo, editume, out, and do. to give.]
edition, -dish'un, n., thepublication of a book ; the
number of copies of a book printed at a time,
editor, cdl-tur, n., one who edits a book or journal.
fern, ed'ltrees.adj. editorial, ed-i-tO'ri-aL
adv. edito rially.. editorship.
Educate, &c. See under Educe.
Educe, C-dus', v.t., to lead or draw out; to extract;
tocause toappear '.pr.p. SdQclng;pa.p. fduced'.
[L. educo, eauctume, and duco, to lead.]
edncible, e"-dus'ibl, adj., that may be educed or
brought out and shewn,
edact, g'dukt, n., that which is educed.
eduction, cVduk'shun, ., the act ofeducing,
eductor, C-duk'tor, n., he or that which educes.
educate, edu-kat, v.t., to educe or draw out the
mental powers of, as a child ; to train ; to teach ; to
cultivate any power '.pr.p. ed'tlcating; Pa.p.
educated.n. ed'ueator. [L. educo, educatus.]
education, ed-Q-ka'shun, n., the bringing up or
training, as ofa child : instruction ; strengthening
of the powers of body or mind.adj. educa-
educatlonist, ed-fl-kS'shun-lst, n., one skilled in
methods of educating or teaching ; one who pro
motes education.
Eel, (I, n.. a serpent-like fish, with a slimy body,
living chiefly in mud. [A.S. al, Ger. aal; akin
to L. anguilla, dim. o( anguis, a snake.]
Fen, en, a contraction of Even.
Fer, ar, a contraction of Ever.
Efface, ef-fiis', v.t., to destroy the face or surface
of a thing ; to blot or rub out ; to wear away :
Pr.p. effacing ;pa.p, effaced'.n. eflace'ment. [Fr.
effacer, L. ef, from, andfacies, the face.]
effaceable, ef-faYa-bl, adj., that can be rubbed out.
Effect, ef-fekr', a thing done; the result of an
action : impression produced,; perfection ; reality:
the consequence intended.pi. goods ; property.
v.t. to produce ; to accomplish :pr.p. c(lect
in ; : pa.p. effected. [L. efltcio, effectum, to ac
complishef, out, andfacto, to do or make.]
mCte ; mute ; moon ; Men.
 effectible eighthly
effectlbls, ef-fek'tibl, adj., that may be effected. able vapours rising from decaying matter.//,
affection, ef-fek'shun, n., a doing; creation : in effluvia, ef-fl5o'vi-a.adj. effiu'vial. [L.effluo.\
geom., the construction of a proposition, efflux, ef'fluks, ., act offlowing out; that which
affective, ef-fek tiv, adj., having power to effect; flows out. [L. effluo, effiuxjim.}
causing something : powerful ; serviceable.adv. Effort, ef'Ort, a puttingforth of strength; ex
eflec'tlvely.n. effec'tiveneai. ertion ; attempt ; struggle. [L. ef, out, forth,
effectual, ef-fek'tfl-al, adj., producing an effect; andforiis, strong.]
successful in producing the desired result.adv. Effrontery, ef-frunt'er-i, . lit a pushing out of the
effectually. front or forehead; shamelessness ; impudence.
effectuate, ef-fek'tu-5t, v. t., tobringintoeffect; to ac [L. effrons, effrontisef forth, aix<lfrons,frvH-
complish iPr.p. effec'tualing ; pa.p. effectuated. tie, the forehead.] See Front.
efficacy, effi-ka-si, . Power to produce effects; Effulgent, ef-ful jent, adj., shiningforth ; extremely
virtue ; energy. bright; splendid. [L. effulgens, -entis-^-ef, out,
efficacious, cf-fi-kii'shi-iis, adj. , havingefficacy ; able andfulgeo, to shine.)adv. efful'gently.
to produce the result intended.adv. efflca'doualy. effulgence, cf-ful'jens, n., state of being? effulgent;
n. efficaciousness [L. efficaxefficio.]
efficient, ef-fish'ent, adj., effecting; causing effects : great lustre or brightness ; a flood of light.
capable ; effective.n. the person or thing that Effuse, ef-fflz7, v.t., to pour out; to pour forth, as
effects. [L. efficient, -entis, pr.p. ofefficio.}adv. words; to shed :pr.p. effus'ing; Pa.p. effused'.
efficiently. [L. effundof effususef, out, and/undo, to pour.]
efficiency ef-fish'ens, efficiency, ef-fish'n-si, ., quality effusion, ef-fu zfiun, ., act ofpouring out; that
of being efficient or causing effects ; power to which is poured out or forth.
produce the effect intended. effusive, ef-m'ziv, adj., pouringforth abundantly.
Effeminate, cf-fem'in-at, adj., womanish; unmanly: adv. efftrelvely.. effusiveness
weak; tender: cowardly: voluptuous.v.t. to
make womanish; to unman: to weaken.v.i. Egg,other eg, tt. an oval body laid by birds and certain
to become effeminate :fr.p. effem'inating '.pa.p. duced animals, from which their young is pro- .
effem'inated.adv. effem'inately.n. effem'inate- Ger. ei,; anything shaped like an egg. [A.S. aegt
L. ovum, Gr. don.]
naai. [L. efljeminatus, pa.p. of effemino, to Eglantine, egTan-tln, n. a name given to the sweet-
make womanishe, sig. change, and femina, a brier, and some other species of rose, whose
woman.]
effeminacy, cf-fem'in-a-si, n. the possession of a eglantine, glantier, with
branches are covered
for
sharp prickles. [ Fr.
aiglantiereaiguille,
womanish softness or weakness ; indulgence in a needle, as if L. actdentus, prickly, from acus,
unmanly pleasures. a needleroot ac, sharp.]
Effendl, ef-fcn'di, *., a master; a Turkish title of Egoism,
distinction. [Turk. ; modem Gr. ap/tentcsGr. self; c'go-ism, or eg*, . an excessive love ofone's
the doctrine of the Egoists. [L. ego, I.]
authentes, an absolute master.] Egoist, 5'go-ist.or eg', n.one of a class of philosophers
Effervesce, ef-er-ves', v.i., to boil /; to bubble and who doubt everything
hiss; to froth up:pr.p. effervescing ; Pa.p. egotism, C'got-izm, or cgf,but their own existence.
., a frequent use of the
effervesced'.adj. effervesc'lble. [L. effervesco pronoun I; speaking much of one's self; self-
ef, inten., andferveo, to boil.] See Fervent, exaltation.
effervescent, ef-er-ves'ent, adj., boiling or bubbling egotist, fi'got-ist, or eg', onefull ofegotism.
from the disengagement of gas.. efferveae'ence. egotistic, e-got-ist'ik, egotistical, C-got-ist'ik-al, or eg-,
Effete, ef-fcY, adj. lit. weakened by bringingforth adj. , shriving egotism ; self-important ; conceited.
young; barren: exhausted; worn out with age. adv. egotist ically,
(L. effetusef, out,fetus, a bringing forth young.] egotise, e'got-Tz, or eg*, v.i., to talk much of one's
Efficacious, Efficacy, Efficient, &c. See under Effect. self:pr.p. 6'gotlsing ; Pa.p. e'gotlsed.
Effigy, efi-ji, n., a likeness or figure of a person ; Egregious, f-grf'ji-us, adj. ,from or out oftheflock ;
the head or impression on a coin ; resemblance. prominent; enormous.adv. egregiouily.n.
[L. effigieseffingoef, \r\X.e.Ti.,jingo, to form.] egre giousneu. [L. e, out of, grex, gregis, a flock.]
efflgial, ef-ij i-al, adj., pertaining to or exhibiting Egress, 6'gres, n., act ofgoing out; departure : the
an effigy. power or right to depart. [L. egredt'or, egressxs
Effloresce, ef-flo-res', v.i., to blossom forth ; to flour e, out, forth, and gradior, to go.]
ish: in chem., to become covered with a white Egyptian, C-jip'shi-an, adj. , belonging to Egypt.n.
dust ; to form minute crystals '.J>r.p. effloresc'- a native of Egypt ; a gipsy. [L. sEgyptius
ing ; Pa.p. effloresced'. [L.ef, forth, flortsco, AZgyptus, Egypt, Gr. Aigyptos.)
to oegin to h\ossomflereoflos, a flower.] Eh, &, int. expressing inquiry or slight surprise.
efflorescent, ef-rlo-res'ent, adj. forming a white dust Eider,
on the surface ; shooting into white threads. duck,T'dr,found Eider-duck, fder-duk, n. a kind of sea-
chiefly in northern regions, and
[L. efflorescent, -entis, pr.p. of effioresco.']
efflorecence,cf-flu-rcs'cns1.,/r^wr/^w offlowers; sought after for its fine down. [Sw. ejder, Ger.
eider, prob. from old Ger. eilen, to shine. ]
the time of flowering : a redness of the skin : the elder-down,T'der-down, ., thedown0/theeider-duck,
formation of a white powder on the surface of
bodies, or of minute crystals. Eldograph, r*do-graf, n. an instrumentfor copying
Effluent, ef'ICo-ent, adj.,flowing out.n. a stream drawings. [Gr. eidos, form, zadgrapho, to write.]
that flows out of another stream or lake. [L. Eight, at, adj. twice four.n. the figure denoting 8.
effluens,-entis,pT.p.o(effluoe/,out,fluo, to flow.] [A.S. eahta, Scot, aucht, Ger. acht, Gael, ockt,
effluence, ef'lCO-cns, n., aflowing out ; that which L. octo, Gr. oktil, Sans, ashlan.]
flows from any body ; issue. eighth, at th, adj. next in order after the seventh.
effluvium, cf-floTS'vi-um, n., that which flows out; n. an eighth part,
minute particles exhaled from bodies; disagrec- eighthly, St'th-h, adv., in t/ie eighthplace.
fiite, far ; me", her ; mine ; mote ; mute ; muun ; Men,
148
 eighteen electricity
eighteen, 51*60, adj., eight and ten united ; twice an angle; to push rudely :~~pr.p. elbowing j
nine. [AS. eakta, and tyn, ten.] Pa.p. elbowed. [A.S. elbogaeln L. ulna,
elghteenmo, ar/en-mO, . See Octodecimo, the arm, bora, a bow or bend, bugan, to bend.]
eighteenth, at'-enth, adj. next in order after the elbow room, erbS-rOTm, room to extend the
seventeenth. elbows; space enough for moving or acting.
eighty, at/i, adj., eight times ten; fourscore. [A.S. Elder, eld'er, adj., older; having lived a longer
eaJita, and tig, ten.] time ; prior in origin.n. one who is older ; an
eightieth, aVi-eth, adj., the eighth-tenth ; next after ancestor: one advanced to office on account of
the seventy-ninth. age : one of the office-bearers in the Presbyterian
eightfold, StTotd, adj., eight times any quantity. Church. [A.S. ealdor, comp. oteald, old.]
Either, c'Mer, or fthtx, adj. orpron., both ; the one elderly, eld'er-li, adj., somewhat old; bordering on
or the other; one of two: in B., each of two. old age.
conj. correlative to Or: in B.t or. [A.S. argther.] eldership, eld'er-ship, n., state of being older; the
Ejaculate, f-iak'a-lat, v.t., to throw out; to utter office of an elder,
with suddenness.v.i. to utter ejaculations : eldest, eld'est, adj. oldest. [A.S.t'laest, superL of
Pr.p. ejaculating ; Pa.p. ejac/ulated. [L. e, out, eabJ.]
ana jocular, jacuiatusjaculum, a dkitjacio, Elder, eld'er, n. lit. the hollow tree; a small tree
to throw.]
ejaculation, e-jak-Q-la'shun, n., art of ejaculating; with a spongy pith, bearing useful purple berries.
[A.S. ellam; Ger. koiunder, holderhdks\
what is uttered in a sudden manner. hollow, and tar, a tree.]
ejaculatory, 6-jak'O-la-tor-i, adj.,costingox throwing Elect, C-lekr*. v.t., to choose'oul; to select for any
out; uttered in short, earnest sentences. office or purpose ; to select by vote ; to decide
eject, e-jekV, v.t., to throw out ; to dismiss ; to dis
possess of; to expel :Pr.p. ejecfing ;Pa.p. eject in favour of:Pr.p. Clecr/ing ; Pa.p. flect'cd.
ed. [L. ejicio, ejectume, [L. eligo, electuse, out, lego, to choose.]
ejection, C-jek'shun, ., act ofo\i\tjaciot
thrustingtoout}throw.]
dis elect, eMekt?, adj., elected; chosen ; taken byprefer-
charge ; expulsion : state of being ejected ; dismis ence from among others ; chosen for an office but
sion: vomiting: that which is ejected. not yet in itn. one chosen or set apart.The
ejectment, e-jekt'ment, n., a casting out: expul election, elect, in theol., those chosen by God for salvation.
sion : dispossession : in taw, an action for the ing; the e"-lek'shun, n., the act ofelecting ot choos
recovery of the possession of land. public choice of a person for office : free
ejector, C-jckt'or, n., one who ejects, or dispossesses persons will: in theol., the predetermination of certain
another of his land. as objects of divine mercy : those who
Eke,PrP-
k, v.t., to add to oreked'.
increase are elected.
ekruig; pa.p. [A.S.; tocacaneac,
lengthen : electioneer, S-lek-shun-cr', v.i. to make exertionsfor
Ger. auch, also, akin to L. augeo, to increase.] t/ie election of a candidate :-~pr.p. electioneer
eke, k, adv., in addition to; likewise. ing ; Pa.p. electioneered'.
Elaborate, C-laVor-at, v.t., to labour on; to produce elective, or
g-fckt'iv, adj., pertaining to, dependent on
exerting the power of choice.adv. elect'lvely.
with labour: to take pains with; to improve by elector, S-lckt'or, ., one who elects; one who has
successive operations :Pr.p. elat/orating ; pa.p. a vote at an election.
clab'orated. [L. e, intcn., and laboro, laboratus, electoral, C-lekt'or-al, adj., pertaining to elections
to labourlabor, labour.] or to electors : consisting of electors.
elaborate, e"-Iab'or-ilt, adj., wrought with labour; elegant,
done with fulness and exactness; highly finished. to goodel'5-gant, adj. lit. choice, select; pleasing
taste ; graceful ; neat : refined ; nice ; dis
adv. elab'orately.n. elaborateness. criminating beauty : richly ornamental.<idv.
elaboration, i-lab-or-a'shun, ., act of elaborating; el'egantly. [Fr.L. elegans, -antiseligo.]
refinement: the process by which substances are elegance, cl'g-gans, elegancy, cl'S-gans-i, n. , the state
formed in the organs of animals or plants. or quality of being elegant ; the beauty of pro
Band, Cland, n. the S. African antelope, resem priety ; neatness : refinement : that which is
bling the elk in having a protuberanee on the elegant. [Fr., from L. elegantiaelegans.]
larynx. [Dutch ; Ger. eUnd, the elk.] eligible, el'i-jibl, adj., that maybeelected ox chosen;
Elapee, ("-laps', v.i., to slip or glide away; to pass fit to be chosen ; legally qualified : worthy
silently, as time :Pr.p. Slaps ing ; pa.p. elapsed'. choice ; suitable ; desirable.adv. el'igibly. of
[L. e, and labor, lapsus, to slide.] eligibility, cl-i-ji-bil'i-ti, eligibleness, cl'i-jibl-nes, n.
Barttc, e-las'tik, adj., springing back ; having a fitness to be elected or chosen : the state of being
tendency to recover the onginal form ; springy : preferable to something else ; desirableness.
able to recover quickly a former state or condi elite, a-let*, n.. a chosen or select part ; the best
tion after a shoclc.adv. elaa'tlcally. [Fr. ilas- part of anything. [Fr.L. electus.]
tique; from Gr. elaunS, elasO, to drive.]
elasticity, C-las-tis'it-i, n., quality of being elastic; Bectric, C-lek'trik, Electrical, C-lek'trik-al, adj.,
having^ the property of amber, namely, that of
springiness; power to recover from depression. attracting and repelling light bodies when
Bate, 5-IaV, adj., elevated ot lifted up ; puffed up rubbed ; pertaining to or produced by electricity.
with success.v.t. to raise or exalt ; to elevate ; n. any electric substance ; a non-conductor of
to make proud:pr.p. elat/ing; Pa.p. ilat'ed. electricity, as amber, glass, &cadv.
adv. elat'edry.n. elat'ednese. [L. flatuseffero, [L. electrum, Gr. elektron, amber.] slsct'rically.
to lift upe, upward, andfero, to bear.] electrician, eMek-trish'yan, n., one who studies, or
elation, c-I.Vshun, n., a raising up; pride resulting is versed in, the science of electricity.
from success ; a puffing up of the mind. electricity, G-lek-tris'i-ti, n. the property of attract
Bbow, el'bO, n. the joint where the arm bows or ing light bodies, so called because first observed,
bends ; any sharp turn or bend.v.t. to push in amber; the science which investigates the
with the elbow ; to encroach on.v.i. to jut into phenomena and laws of this property.
fate, far ; me, her ; mine : mOte ; mute ; m5on ; then.
U9
 eleotrity eloquence
electrify, e-lek'tri-fT, v.t., to make electrical; to Elf, elf, n. a little spirit formerly believed to haunt
communicate electricity to : to excite suddenly ; woods and wild places ; a dwarf.//. Elves, elvz.
to astonish :pr.p. dec trifying ; pa.p. elec trified. [A.S. a>lf, elf; Ger. el/e.}
adj. elec'triflable.n. electrinca'tion. [L. elec- elan, elf'in, adj., ofor relating to elves.n., alitiU
trum, andfacie, to make.] elf; a child.
electrometer, 6-lek-trom'e-ter, ft. an instrument for elfish, elfish, elvan, elv'an, adj., elflike; disguised.
measuring the quantity of electricity. [Gr. Elicit, 6-lisit, v.t., to entice or dratu out ; to bring t*
ilektrun, and metron, a measure.] j
electroplate, 6-lek'tr5-pl5t, v.t., to plate or cover light : to deduce '.Pr.p. eliciting ; pa.p. elicited.
[L. elide, elidtume, out, lade, to entice.]
with a coating of metal by electricity. \ Elide, e-lld', v.t., tostrikeout or cut off, as a syllable :
electrotype, e-lek'tr6-tlp, . the art of copying anen :pr.p. eliding
graving or type on a metal deposited by electricity. 1 e, out, Uedo, to; pa.p. elTd'ed. [L. elide, elisurm
Electuary, c-lek'tO-ar-i, n. a composition ofmedicinal elision, 4-lizh'un, n., strike.] the cutting offor suppression
Cwders with honey or sugar, &c. so named of a vowel or syllable.
cause made pleasant to be licked up or taken Eligibility, Eligible. See under Elect.
with ease, [row L. electuarium, Gr. ekleikten Eliminate, c-limln-5t, v.t., lit. to turn out ofdoors,
tkldehd, to lick up.] I to thrust out ; to leave out of consideration :
Eleemosynary, el-e-mozl-nar-i, adj., relating to Pr.p. eliminating ; pa.p. eliminated. [L. elimino,
charity or almsgiving ; given in charity. [Gr. eliminatus, to turn out of doorse, out, and
elelmosyne', compassionatenesseleos, pity.] i limen, liminis, a threshold.]
Elegance, Elegant, &c. See under Elect. j elimination, e-lim-i-na'shun, ., the actofexpelling
Elegy, el'e-ji, n., a song ofmourning, a lament ; a or throwing off ; the act of discharging by the
funeral-song. [L. elegiaGr. elegos, a lament pores ; separation.
el el legein, to cry woe ! woe !J Elision. See under Elide.
elegiac, -l8ji-ak, or el-e-jfak, adj., belonging to Elite. See under Elect.
elegy ; mournful ; expressing sorrow : used in Elixir, e-likser,
elegies.n. elegiac verse.adj. elegiacal, cl-e- once supposed tothephilosopher's stone: a liquor
have the power of prolonging
jrak-al. [L. elegiacus.] i life : the quintessence of anything : a substance
eleglst, el'e-jist, n., a writer ofelegies. which invigorates: in max'., a compound tincture.
Element, cl'5-ment, afirst principle; one of the [Fr., Sp., Port.At. al-ikstr, philosopher's stone]
essential parts of anything ; an ingredient : the
proper state or sphere of any thing or being.//, Elizabethan,
ing to Queen
e-liz-a-beth'an, or e-LV, adj., pertain
Elizabeth or her time.
the rudiments of anything: in chem., the simple
bodies that have not been decomposed ; among Elk, elk, n. lit. the bold, strong animal : the largest
the ancients, fire, air, earth, and water, sup America. species of deer, found in N. of Europe and in N.
posed to be the constituents of all things: the alkealkl, [A.S. elch, Sw. elg, L. alces, Gr.
strength.]
bread and wine used at the Communion. [L.
elementum, pi. elementa, first principles.] Ell, el, n. a measure of length orig. taken from the
elemental, el-e-menr*al, adj.,pertaining to elements, arm; a cloth measure equal to il yds. [A.S.
or first principles ; belonging to or produced by eln, Scot, cine, Fr. aulne; L. ulna, Gr. Slene, the
elements or the elements.adv. element'ally. elbow, the arm.]
elementary, el-e-ment'ar-i, adj., ofa single element ; Ellipsis, el-lip'sis, ., a deficiency ; in gram., a
primary ; uncompounded : pertaining to the ele figure of syntax by which a word or words are
ments : treating of elements or first principles. left out and implied.//. Ellipses, el-lip'sz.( [L.
Elephant, el'6-fant, . the largest quadruped, having Gr. elleipsisen, in, and leips, to be deficient.]
a very thick skin, a trunk, and two ivory tusks. ellipse, el-lips', n. an oval ; in geom,, a figure pro
[A.S. elp, L. elepkantus, Gr. elephas, Sans, ibha, duced by the section of a cone by a plane passing
elephant ; Heb. aleph Hindi, Indian bull.] obliquely through the opposite sides. [Gr. elleip
elephantine, el-C-fan'tln, adj., pertaining to the sis, a defect, so called because its plane forms
elephant ; like an elephant ; very large. with the base of the cone a less angle than that
of the parabola.]
Elevate, el'E-vftt, v.t., to raise to a higher position ; elliptic,
to promote : to raise in mind ana feelings ; to cl-lip'tik, elliptical, el-lip'tik-al, adj.,Pertain-
improve : to cheer \Pr.p. elevating; pa.p. el'e- ing to an ellipse ; oval : pertaining to ellipsis;
vuted. [L. elevo, elevatume, up, leva, to raise.] having a part understood.adv. elllp'tlcally.
elevation, el-e-vii'shun, n., the act of elevating or Elm, elm. n. a forest tree prized for its rimber. [A.S.
raising, or the state of being raised ; exaltation : ellm, Ger. ulme, L. ulmus.)
that which is raised ; an elevated place or station ; elmy, elml, adj., abounding with elms.
a rising-ground ; height : in arch., a geometrical Elocution, el-O-ku'shun, n., the act ofspeakingout ;
view of the side of a building : in gun. , the angle distinct utterance; fluency; style or manner of
made by the line of direction of a gun with the speaking. [ Fr.L. elecutioeloqucre, out, and
plane of the horizon, loquor, locutus, to speak.]
elevator, el'-v5-tor, the person or thing that elocutionary,
elevates or lifts up ; a machine for raising gram elocution, el-O-ku'shun-ar-i, adj., pertaining to
to a higher floor in a mill ; a muscle that raises elocutionist, el-5-ku'shun-ist, one versed in elocu
any part of the body, tion ; a teacher of elocution.
elevatory, ele-vi-tor-i, adj., able or tending to raise. eloquent, el'6-kwent, adj. having the power ofspeak
Eleven, S-lev'n, adj. lit. one left, that is, after count ing with fluency, elegance, and power ; contain
ing ten ; ten and one.n. the number xz. [A.S. ing eloquence ; persuasive.adv. eloquently. [L.
endleofon, endUfencen, one, and root of Leave.] eleouens, -entiseloouor.]
eleventh, S-lev'nth, adj. the next after the tenth. eloquence, cl'O-kwens, ., the utterance of strong
[A.S. endlefta, endlyfla.] emotion in correct, appropriate, expressive, and
fate, far; me, her; mine; mOte; mute; mGOn; Men.
 Elongate Embezzle
fluent language; the art which produces fine properties of a male, to castrate : to deprive of
speaking ; persuasive speech. masculine strength or vigour ; to render effemi
Elongate, e-long'gat, v.t., to make longer; to ex nate 'Pr.p. emas'culating ; CmaVclililted.
tend '.pr.p. clon'gating ; Pa.p. elongated. . [L. n. emaacula'tion. [low L. emasculo, emasculatus
eloTigoe, out, and lottgus, long.] e, priv., and masculus, dim. of mas, a male]
elongation, eMong-gi'shun, n,, act of lengthening Embale, em-bil', v.t. to make up into a bale or
out : state of being lengthened ; extension : con bundle ; to bind or enclose. [Fr. embaUer em,
tinuation: distance. into, balle, a bale,] See Bale.
C-lflp', v.i., to leap or run away; to escape Embalm, em-bam', v.t., to anoint with balm; to
privately, said esp. of a woman with a lover : preserve from decay by aromatic drugs, as a
pr.p. elOp'ing ; pa.p. Sloped'. [A.S. hUapart, dead body : to perfume ; to preserve with care
to leap, to run.] See Leap, and affection '.Pr.p. embalming ; Pa.p. em
elopement, 2-lop'ment, n. a secret departure, esp. balmed'.n. embalm er. [em, in, and Balm.]
of a woman with a man. Embank, cm-bangk', v.t, to enclose or defend with
Eloquence, Eloquent. See under Elocution. a bank or dike, [em, in, and Bank.]
Else, els, adj., other; something besides.adv. embankment, em-bangk'ment, n,, the act ofembank
otherwise ; besides ; except that mentioned. ing; a bank or mound.
[A.S. elUs, otherwiseel, other; old Ger. ali Embargo, em-bSVgo, n., a barring or stopping; a
L. alius, Gr. alios, another.] prohibition of snips to leave port : a stoppage of
elsewhere, cls'hwax, adv., in another place; in trade for a short time by authority.v.t. to lay
an embargo on '.Pr.p. embargoing ; Pa.p. em-
bar'gocd. [Sp.embargar, to impede, to restrain
to throw light upon ; to explain ; to illustn em, intensive, barm, a bar.]
pr.p. elQ'cidating ; Pa.p. elQ'cidated.KS. eluci- Embark, cm-bark', v.t., to put on board a bark or
da'tion, elu'cidator. [low L. elucido, elucidatus ship ; to engage in any affair.v.i. to go on board
r, inten., and lucidus, clear.] See lucid. ship ; to engage in a business ; to enlist '.pr.p,
elucidative, e-lu'si-da-tiv, elucidatory, e-lii'si-da-tor-i, embark'ing ; pa.p. embarked', [em, in, ana
adj., making lucid or clear ; explanatory. Bark.]
Elude, e-lQd', v.t. lit. to play or win from one at embarkation,
of/putting
embarkation, em-bar-ka'shun, n., act
or of going on board a vessel : that
play ; to avoid or escape by stratagem ; to baffle ; which is embarked.
pr.p. filDdlng ; pa.p. clud'ed. [Fr. eluder,
from eludo, elususe, away from, ludo, to play.] Embarrass, em-bar'as, v.t. lit. to put a bar or diffi
elusion, e-luzhun, ., act of eluding; escape by culty in the way of; to encumber : to involve in
artifice; evasion. difficulty, esp. in money-matters ; to perplex :
elusive, e-lQ'siv, adj., practising elusion ; decep Pr.p. embarrassing ; pa.p. embarrassed. [Fr.
tive<?//r\ elu'iively. embarrasser, fromlow L. barm, a bar. | Sec Bar.
elusory, 6-lQ'sor-i, adj., tending to elude or cheat; embarrassment, em-baras-ment, ., difficulty; a
evasive ; deceitful. state of perplexity or confusion ; difficulties in
Elvan, Elves. Sec under Elf. money-matters.
Elysium, -lizh'yum, n. in myth.} the abode of the Embassy, em'bas-i, n. the charge or function ofan
blessed after death ; any delightful place. [L. ambassador i the person or persons sent on an
embassy, [low L. ambascia. See Ambassador.]
elysium. Gr. ilysion.]
elyslan, &-uzh'yant adj., pertaining to Elysium Embattle, em-bad, v.t., to arrange in order of
exceedingly delightful. battle: to furnish with battlements.v.i. to be
Emaciate, S-mA'shi-St, v.t., to make meagre or lean ; Embay, ranged in order of battle, [em, in, and Battle.]
to deprive of flesh; to waste.f.i. to become lock '.Pr.p. em-ba', v.t. to enclose in a bay; to land-
lean; to waste away :fr.p. emaciating; pa.p. into, and Bay.]embaying ; pa.p. embayed', [em, in,
Oma'ciatcd. [L. tmacto, emaciatume, inten
sive, macio, to make leanmodes, leanness.]
emaciation, c-ma-shi-a'shun, the condition of em-bel'ish, v.t, to make beautiful with
becoming emaciated or lean ; leanness. ornaments; to decorate: to make graceful: to
Emanate, em'a-nat, v.i., to flow out orfrom; to illustrate pictorially, as a book '.pr.p. embell
proceed from some source ; to arise :pr.p. em'- ishing ; Pa.p. embellished.n. embellisher. [Fr.
uniting; Pa.p. em'anAted. [L. emano, emana- embellir. embellissantem, to make, bel, beau,
tume, out from, mono, to flow.] beautiful.] Sec Beau,
emanation, em-a-nS'shun, n., the act ofemanating; embellishment, em-bel'ish-ment, n.,act ofembellish'
that which issues or proceeds from some source. ing or adorning : decoration ; ornament.
, em'a-nat-iv, adj., issuingfrom another. Ember-days, em'ber-daz, nM. in R. Catholic and
, t-man'si-pat, v.t., to setfreefrom ser- English Church, three Fast-days in each quar
U ; to free from any restraint or bondage of ter, [a contr. from Ger. quatember, a quarter
any kind :pr.p. emancipating ; pa.p. iman'- L. quatuor tempera, the four seasons.]
ciplted.n. emaa'dpator. [L. e, away from, Embers, enVberz, n.pl., red-hot ashes ; the smould
mancipium, sale, the condition of a slave ering remains of a fire. [A.S. a>myrie, Scot.
manus, the hand, capio. to take.] aumers, Norse, eimyrja, eldmyrjaeld, fire.]
emancipation, e-man-si-pa shun, ., the act of set frEnrbenle,
tingfree from slavery or bondage of any kind ; [ what hasem-bez1, v.t to steal; to appropriate
been intrusted ; to waste or dissipate :
the state of being set free,
emancipationist, e-man-si-pa'shun-ist, ., one who bezzler, [obs, bexzle, topa.p.
Pr.p. emberr/ling; embezrled.n. em
drink hard, to squander:
advocates the emancipation of slaves. | acc. to Wedgwood, from an imitation of the
c-mas'ku-lat, v.t., to deprive of the I sound made in greedy eating and drinking.]
fftte, far ; me, her ; mine ; mute ; mute : i
5i
 embezzlement Emigrate
. em-ber/l-ment, n., act of embezzling " opening in a wall for cannon. [Fr. tmbraser, for
or appropriating what has been intrusted to one. eoraser, to widen an opening.]
Embitter. Sec Imbltter. Embrocate, em'brO-kat, v.t., to moisten and rub, sts
Emblazon, em-blft'zn, v.t. to deck in blazingcolours ; a sore with a lotion :Pr.p. em'brdca'ting ; Pa.p.
in her., to blazon or adorn with figures, [em, em'brOcuted. [low L. embroco, embrocatum, from
and blazon.]n. embU'zoament, an emblazoning. Gr. embrochi = embregma, a lotioncmbrechd,
emblazonry, em-bla'zn-ri, n., the art of emblazon to soak inem, in, into, brechd, to wet.]
ing- or adorning ; devices on shields. embrocation, em-br0-k5'shun, act of embrocat
Emblem, cm'blem, n. lit. something inserted in a ing; the lotion used.
surface as ornament; a picture representing to Embroider, em-broid'er, v.t. toornamentwith designs
the mind something different from itself ; a in needle-work, orig. on the border:pr.p. em
type or symbol. [Fr. emblemeGr. emblima, broidering;
inlaid workem, in, balls, to lay, to cast.] [ on, old pa.p. embroid'ered.n.
E. braiderroot embrold'erer.
of Border.]
emblematic, em-blem-at'ik, emblematical, em-blem- embroidery, em-broid'er-i, n., the act or art of em
atfk-al, adj., pertaining to or containing broidering; ornamental needle-work: variega
emblems ; representing.adv. mblemat'lcally. tion or diversity ; artificial ornaments.
embolism, em-bol'izm, tu, the insertion of days, Embroil, em-broil', v.t., to involve in a broil, or in
months, or years in an account of time to produce perplexity; to entangle; to distract: to throw
regularity. [Gr. embolismaemballSJ] into confusion '.^pr.p. embroiling; Pa.p. em
embollsmal, em-bol-iz'mal, embollsmlc, em-bo-liz'mik, broiled', [cm, in, and Broil, a noisy quarrel.]
adj., inserted; relating to intercalation. embroilment, em-broil'ment, n., a state ofembroil
Embloom, em-bloTJm', v.t., to cover or enrich with ing, perplexity, or confusion ; disturbance.
bloom, [em, in, and Bloom.]
Embody, em-bodl, v.t., to form into a body; to Embryo, spring
em'bri-C, Embryon, em'bri-on, n. the off
while swelling or growing in the womb ;
make corporeal ; to make tangible.v.i. to unite the part of asecd which forms the future plant:
in a body or mass, [em, in, and Body.] the beginning of anything.adj. also mbryon'lc,
embodiment, em-bod'i-ment, ., act of embodying; , of or relating to anything in an imperfect state;
state of being embodied. rudimentary. [Gr.em, in, bryS, to swell.]
Embogulng, em-bflg'ing, n., tlie mouth of a river. Emendation, em-en-di'shun, n., a mending or re
[Sec Disembogue.] moval of an error or fault ; correction. [L.
Embolden, em-bold'n, v.t., to make bold or coura emendatioemendo, emendatuse, from, men-
geous :pr.p. emboldening : pa.p. embOld'- dum, a fault.]
cned. [em, to make, and Bold.] emendator, em'en-d5-tor, n., a corrector of errors
Embolism, &c. See under Emblem. in writings ; one who corrects or improves.
Emborder, em-borMer, v.t., to border. emendatory, e-men'da-tor-i, adj., mending or con
Embosom, em-bCoVura, v.t., to take into the bosom ; tributing to correction.
to receive into the affections : to enclose or sur
round \$r.p. cmbos'oming; pa.p. embos'omed. Emerald, em'er-ald, . a precious stone of a green
sparkling colour ; a small printing type. (Fr.
[em, in, into, and Bosom.] Jmerauae, old Fr. emeraulde, It. smeraldo,
Emboss, em-bos', v.t., toform bosses or protuber from L. smaragdus; Gr. smaragdos, maragdosp
ances upon ; to ornament with raised work : prob. from marmarugl, a sparkling.]
pr.p. emboss'ing ; pa.p. embossed'.n. emboss'er. Emerge, 6-merj, v.i., to rise out ofa fluid or other
[em, to make, and Boss.] substance; to issue or come forth;* to reappear
embossment, em-bos'mcnt, n., a Prominence like a after being concealed ; to come into view :pr.p.
boss ; raised work. Cmcrg'ing ; pa.p. emerged'. [L. emergoe, out
Embottle, em-botl, v.t., to Put into bottles, [em, of, mergo, to plunge.]
in, into, and Bottle.] emergence, f-meYjcns, emergency, C-meVjen-si,
Embouchure, em-bo7>-sho7}r/, n., the mouth of a act of emerging; sudden appearance: an un
river, of a cannon, &c. ; the mouth-hole of a expected occurrence ; pressing necessity.
wind musical-instrument. [See Debouchure.] emergent, S-mer'jent, adj., emerging; suddenly
Embow, em-bO', v.t., v.i., to bow or arch, [em, appearing; arising unexpectedly : urgent.adv.
inten., and Bow.] emer'gently. [L. emergens, -entis, pr.p. o(emergo.}
Embowel, em-bow'el, v.t. to remove the bowels or emersion, e-mex'shun, act ofemerging; in astr.,
the
entrailsfrom, [em, priv., and Bowel] ; to enclose eclipsed reappearance of a heavenly body after being
in another substance, [em, in, into, and Bowel.] by another or by the sun's brightness.
pr.p. embow'elling ; Pa.p. embow'elled.. Emerods, em'e-rods, tt.pl. (in /'.) now Hemorrhoids.
embow'ehnent.
Embower, era-bow'er, v.t., toplace in a bower; to Emery, em'er-i, n. a very hard mineral, used as
powder for polishing, &c. [Fr. emeri, emeril, It.
shelter, as with trees '.pr.p. cmboVering ; Pa.p. smeriglio, Ger. schmergel {stein, a stone), akin to
embow'ered. [em, in, and Bower.] schmieren,\o smear; Gr. smirissmaS, to smear.]
Embrace, em-bras', v.t., to take in the arms; to Emetic, 5-mer/ik, adj., causing vomiting.n. a
ptess to the bosom with affection : to take eagerly medicine that causes vomiting. [Fr. emitique,
or willingly : to enclose or comprise ; to admit or from Gr. emetikosemed, to vomit.]
receive.v.i. to join in an embrace '.Pr.p. em- Emeu, Emu, emu, . the Australian ostrich.
bracing; fa.p. embraced'. [Fr. embrasserem,
L. in, in, into, and bras, L. brachium, an arm.] Emlcation, em-i-k5'shun, a sparkling; a flying
embrace, em-bras', the act of embracing; fond off in small particles, as from red-hot iron. [L.
pressure in the arms. emicatioe, out, and mico, to sparkle.]
Embrasure, em-bra'zhflr, n., the widening of the Emigrate, em'i-grut, v.i., to migrate or removefrom
aperture of a door or window, on the inside ; an one's native country to another '.Pr.p. em'i-
fate, fir ; mS, her ; mine ; mote ; mute ; mOOn ; Men.
15a
 emigrant Enact
gritting ; Pa.p. emigrated.n. emhrra'tion. [L. experience. [L. empiricus, from Gr. empeirikos
emigro, emigratuse, from, migro, to remove.] empeirosem, in, and Peira, a trial.]
migrant, em'i-grant, adj., emigrating or having empiric, em-pir'ik, n., one who makes trials or
emigrated.*. one whoemigrates. [L. emigrant, experiments ; one whose knowledge is got from
-antis, pr.p. otemigro.] experience only ; a quack.adv. empirically.
Eminent, cm'i-ncnt, adj. litjuttingout'; rising above empiricism, em-pir'i-sizm, n., dependence of a physi
others ; conspicuous : distinguished above others ; cian on his experience alone without a regular
exalted in rank ; high in office.adv. om'lnently. medical education ; the practice ofmedicine with
[L. eminens, -entise, out, mineo, to project.] out a regular education ; quackery.
eminence, em'i-nens, n. a part eminent or rising Employ, em-ploy/, v.t. orig. to infold or enclose ; to
above the rest ; a rising-ground ; a hill : height : occupy the time or attention of: to use as a
a summit : distinction : a title of honour. means or agent:pr.p. eraploy'ing; Pa.p. em
ployed'.n. a poetical form of employment. [ Fr.
Emir, e*mir, or em'ir, n. lit. a commander; a Turkish employer,
title given especially to descendants of Mahom- pltco, to fold.]. L. implicare, to infoldin, in, and
med. [At. amir; Hcb. a mar, to command,] employ'er.
employe', em-ploy'i, ., one who is employed. [Fr.
Emit, C-mit', v.t., to sendout; to throw or give out ; employi, pa.p. of employer.]
to issue :/r./. cmitt'ing ; pa.p. emitred. [L. employment, em-ploy'ment, act of employing:
emitto, emistuse, out of, mitlo, to send.] that which engages or occupies ; occupation.
einiesary, em'is-sar-i, n., one sent out on a secret Emporium, em-pO'ri-um, a Place of extensive
mission; a spy. [L. emissariesemitlo.) trade or commerce. [L.Gr. emporionem-
emission, 6-misnun, ., the act of emitting: that poros, a traderem, en, in, andporos, a way
which is issued at one time. Perad, to pass through.]
Emmet, em'et, n. lit. the industrious animal; the Empower, em-pow'er, v.t., to give power to:Pr.p.
ant. [A.S. amete, a>metta, Gcr. ameisecmsig, empowering ;Pa.p. empow cred. [em, and Power.]
diligent, Ice. amr, work.]
Emolllate. S-moll-at, v.t., to soften; to render Empress.
Empty,
See under Empire.
em'ti, adj. having nothing in it ; un
effeminate '.pr.p. moll'i&ting ;pa.p. emoU'iSted. furnished : without effect : unsatisfactory ; want
[L. emollio, emollitusc, inten., and mollio, to ing substance or existence.v.t. to make empty ;
softenmollis, soft.]
emollient, f-mol'ycnt, adj., softening; making to to
deprive of contents.v.t. to become empty ;
discharge its contents :pr.p. em'ptying ;pa.p.
supple.n. a medicine which relaxes and softens. em'ptied. [A.S. armtig, empty, amtian, to empty
[L. emolliens, emollientis, pr.p. of emollio.] armta, leisure, rest.]
Emolument, e-mol'u-ment, n. lit. labour accom emptiness, em'ti-nes, ., state ofbeing empty ; want
plished; advantage; gain; profit arising from of substance; unsatisfactonness.
employment. [L. emolumentum, for emolimen- Empurple, em-pur'pl, v.t., to put into purple, to dye
tumemolior, to work oute, sig. completeness, purple, [em, in, and Purple.]
and molior, to exert one's self, to toil : usually
given from L. mola, meal, thus = the allowance Empyreal, em-pir'C-al, adj.,formed ofpurefire of
of meal, as salary the allowance of salt.] light ; pertaining to the highest and purest region
Emotion, -m5'shun, ., a moving of the feelings; em, of heaven. (Fr. cmpyrieGr. emPyros, in fire
agitation of mind. [L. emotioemoveo, emotus, empyrean,en,em-pl-rfi'an,
in, and Pyr, fire.]
or em-pir', adj., empyreal.
to stir up, agitatee, forth, and moveo, to move.]
motional, -mO'shun-a), adj.,perlainingtoemotion. n. the highest heaven, where the pure element
Empale, em-pal', v.t. to fence in with pales or Emu. Same as Emeu. the ancients to subsist. .
of fire was supposed by
stakes : to shut in : to put to death by spitting
on a stake 'pr.p. empaling ; pa.p. empaled'. Emulate, em'u-lSt, v.t., to strive to equal or excel ;
n. empale'ment. [em, in, and Pale, a stake.] to imitate, with a view to equal or excel ; to
EmpanneL Same as TmpanseL rival '.Pr.p. emulating ; Pa.p. em'ulatcd. [L.
Empark. Same as Impark. armulora>mulus, striving with.]n. em'nlator.
emulation, em-u-la'shun, n., act of emulating or
Emperor. See under Empire. attempting to equal or excel ; rivalry ; competi
tion ; contest : in B., sinful rivalry.
Emphasis, em'fa-sis, n. stress of the voice on parti emulative,
cular words or syllables to make the meaning rivalry oremu-lS-tiv, adj., inclined to emulation^
clear ; impressiveness of expression or weight of emulous, competition.
em'Q-lus,
thought.//, emphases {-sz). [Or.em, in, into, of like excellence with adj., eager to emulate; desirous
and phaino, to shew, to make clear.] another: engaged in
emphasise, em'fa-slz, v.t., to make emphatic; competition or rivalry.-adv. em'uloualy.
Pr.p. em'phaslsing ; pa.p. em'phasTsed. Emulsion, e-mul'shun, n., a milk-like mixture pre
emphatic, em-fat'ik, emphatlcal, em-far/ik-al, adj., pared by uniting oil and water by means of
uttered with or requiring emphasis ; forcible ; another substance that combines with both. [Fr.
impressive.adv. emphatically. L. emulgeo, emulsum, to milk oute, out, and
mulgeo, lo milk.]
Empire, em'pTr, n. , sovereignty, dominion ; supreme emulsive,
control : the territory under the dominion of an yielding c-mul'siv, adj., milk-Uke ; softening ;
emperor. [Fr., L. imperiumimpero, to com a milk-like substance.
mand.] Enable, en-iTil, v.t., to make able; to give power,
emperor, em'per-or, n. lit. a commander; one strength, or authority to 'pr.p. ena'bUng ; Pa.p.
ruling an empire.-fern, em'pren. [Fr. empereur eni'bled. [en, to make, and Able.]
L. imperator, a commanderimpero.] Enact, en-akt', v.t. to put in act or into action ; to
Empiric, em-pi/ik. Empirical, em-pir'ik-al, adj., perform ; to act the part of : to establish by law ;
resting on trial or experiment ; known only by to decree. [L. en, in, and Act,]
fate, far; me, her; mine; mute ; mate ; mtSOn ; then.
153
 enactlve
, en-akfiv, adj., having power to enact or
establish by law.
enactment, en-akt'mcnt, n., the enacting or passing
of a bill into law : that which is enacted ; a law.
Enallage, en-al'a-jC, n. in gram, the interchange of
one case, mood, or tense for another. [Gr.en,
and allasso, to make otheralios, another.]
Enamel, en-am'el, n. a substance like glass, which
is melted and used for inlaying jewellery, &c ;
any smooth hard coating, esp. that of the teeth :
anything enamelled.v.t. to coat with, or paint
in enamel ; to form a glossy surface upon, like
enamel i Pr.p. enam'elling ; A*./, enam'elled.
[L. en, in, and old . ameI, Fr. /mail, esmail,
Gcr schmclzschmelzen, to melt.}n. enam'eUer.
Enamour, en-am'ur, v.t., to inflame with lave; to
charm '.Pr.p. enam'ouring : Pa*P- enam'oured.
[Fr. en, L. tn, in, Fr. amour, L. amor, love.]
Encage, en-kaj', v.t. to shut up in a cage:pr.p.
encaging; pa.p. encaged', [en, in, and Cage.]
Encamp, en-kamp', v.t. to form into a camp.v.i.
to pitch tents ; to halt on a march, [en, in. Camp.]
encampment, en-kamp'ment, n., the act of encamp
ing: the place where an army or company is
encamped ; a camp.
1-kas'. Same as Incase.
, en-kaws/tik, adj., burned in or done by
neat.n. an ancient method of
melted wax [en, in, and Caustic]
Encave, en-kav', v.t. to hide in a cave :-~pr.p. en-
cavlng ; Pa.p. encaved'. [en, in, and Cava.]
Enceinte, ang-sfmt', adj., not girt ; pregnant, with
child. [Fr.L. incinctain, not, cingo, cineturn,
to gird,]
Enchain, en-chSn', v.t. to put tn chains; to hold
fast; to link together, [en, in, and Chain.].
enchain meat.
Enchant, en-chant', v.t., to act on songs of
sorcery ; to charm ; to delight in a high degree :
Pr.p. enchanting; Pa.p. enchanted. [Fr.
enchanterL. incantare, to sing a magic for
mula overin, on, canto, to sing. ] Sec Chant.
enchanter, en-chant'er, ., one who enchants; a
sorcerer or magician : one who charms or de
lights.-fern, enchant'reea.
enchantment, en-chant'ment, it., act ofenchanting;
use of magic arts : that which enchants.
Enchase, en-chas/, v.t., to incase or fix in a border
or rim ; to adorn with raised or embossed work :
Pr.p. enchasing ; pa.p. enchased'. [Fr. en~
chasseren, in, chassis,caisse, a case.] See Chase.
Encircle, cn-serkl, v.t. to enclose inadrcleor ring;
to embrace : to pass around, [en, in, and Circle,j
Enclitic, en-klitlk, adj., that inclines or leans
upon.n. in gram., a word or particle so united
to another
word as to seem
that throws a partupon
the accent of itthe
; a former
particlesylor ation or close ; limit : termination of being ;
lable. [Gr. engklitikosen, in, klind, to bend.]
Enclose, en-clCr/. Same as Inclose.
Encomium, en-ko'mi-um, n. high commendation.
pi. enco'mlums. [L.Gr. engkdmion, a song in
praise of Bacchusen, in, hdmos, a festivity.]
encomiast, en-ko'mi-ast, ., one who praises, or
one who utters or writes encomiums.
encomiastic, en-kS-mi-as/tik, encomlaatlcal, en-kfJ-mi-
as'tik-al, adj., containing encomiums or praise;
bestowing praise.adv. encomia*'tically.
Encompass, en-kum'pas, v.t., to compass or go
round ; to surround or enclose, [en, in, and Com-
fate, far ; me, her ; mine ; mote ; mate ; mo"on ; Men.
ang-koY, adv. lit. till this hour ; again ;
once more.v.t. to call for a repetition of:
Pr.p. encoding ; Pa.p. encOrcd'. [Fr., It. ancoru
L. in hanc horam, till this hour.]
Encounter, en-kount'er, v.t. to run counter to or
against; to meet face to face, esp. unexpect
edly : to meet in contest ; to oppose :pr.p. en
countering ; Pa.p. encountered.n. a meeting
unexpectedly; an interview: a fight, [old Fr.
encontrerh. in, in, and contra, against.)
Enconrage, en-kur'aj, v.t. to put courage in; to
inspire with spirit, or hope ; to incite :Pr.p.
encouraging ; Pa.p. encouraged.n. encour'ager.
adv. encoux agingly. [ Fr. encourageren, in,
and courage.] See Courage,
encouragement, cn-kutaj-raent, n., act of encour~
<*ging; that which encourages or incites.
Encrinite, enlcri-nTt, n. the stone-lily ; a fossilised
animal on a long stem or stalk, with a lily-
skaped head. [Gr. en, in, and krinon, a lily.]
encrinal, en-krtrial, encrlnlc, en-krin ik, encrinitic.
encrlnlt'lcal, adj., relating to or containing
encrinites.
Encroach, cn-krGch', v.i. lit to draw away as By a
hooh ; to seize gradually on the rights of others ;
to intrude'; to trespass :pr.p. encroach'ing ;
pa.p. encroached'.n. neroach'er.adz: en-
croach'lngly. [old Fr. encrouer; Fr. accrvcher,
to hookFr. croc, crochet, a hook.] See C
encroachment, en-kroch'ment, act t '
ing: that which is taken t
Encrust, en-knist. Same as I
Encumber, cn-kutn'ber, v.t. to impede the motion of,
with something cumbrous as a heap; to embar
rass; to load with debts '.Pr.p. encumocring ;
Pa.p. encum'bercd. [Fr. encombrer, low L. tn-
combrarecombrus, a mound.] See Cur
encumbrance, en-kum'brans, n., that which
bers or hinders ; a legal claim on an estate.
Encyclical, en-sik'Iik-al, adj. lit. in a cycle or circle
sent to many persons or places, as a letter. [Gr.
en, in, and ityklos, a circle.]
Encyclopaedia, Encyclopedia, cn-si-kl5-pe'di-a. Same
as Cyclopaedia.
encyclopedian, en-sT-ldO-pe^di-an, adj., embracing
the whole circle oflearning.
encyclopedic, en-sT-klo-pedlk, encyclopedical, en-sl-
IdO-pedlk-al, adj., pertaining to an encyclo
pedia.
encyclopedist, en-sT-klO-pEdlst, . the compiler or
one who assists in the compilation of an encyclo
pedia.
Encysted, en-sistcd, adj. enclosed in a cyst or bag.
[en, in, and Cyst.]
End, end, n., the last point or Portion; termin
death : conclusion ; consequence : object aimed
at; purpose: a fragment.v.t. to bring to an
end ; to destroy.v.i. to come to an end ; to
ceaseende
Ger. :Pr.p. ending
; Goth, ; pa.p.
andets end'ed.
Sans, aula.][A.S. and
ending, ending, n. termination ; in gram., the ter
minating syllable or letter of a word.
endless, endles, adj. , without end; continual : ever
lasting: objectless.adv. endlessly.n. endless
ness.
endwise, end'wTz, adv., end ways; on the end;
with the end forward. [End, and Wise. ]
e, en-dam'aj, vt. (in B. ) same as Damage,
en-dan'jer, v.t. to place in danger; to
 Endear
expose to loss or injury ipr.p. endSn'gering ;
pa.p. endangered. [cn, in, ana Danger. J
Endear, en-der7, v.t., to make dear ox more dear :
pr.p. endear'ing; pa.p. endeared', [en\ to
make, and Dear.]
endearment, en-deVment, n., act of endearing;
state of being endeared ; that which excites or
increases affection.
Endeavour, en-dev'ur, v.i. lit. to make it otic'% duty
to do a thing ; to strive to accomplish an object ;
to attempt or try.v.t. in Pr. Blc, to exert:
pr.p. endeavouring ; Pa.p. endeavoured.n. an
exertion of power towards some object ; attempt
or triaL [old E. endevorFr. en devoiren, in,
and devoir, duty.] See Devoir.
Endecagon, en-dek'a-gon, . same as Hendecagon.
Endemic, en-dem'ik, Endemlcal, en-dem'ik-al, En-
damlal, cn-dc'mi-al, adj., peculiar to a people or
a district, as a disease.n. a disease of an
' aracter.adv. endem'ically. [Or. en-
, in, and dimos, a people.]
en'dO-jen, n. a plant that grows from
within, or by additions to the inside of the stem,
as the palm, grasses, &c. [Gr. endon, within,
and gen, root ofginomai, to grow.]
ndogenous, en-doj'e-nus, adj., increasing like en-
dogens, or by internal growth.
, en-dors'. Same as Indorse.
, en-dow7, v.t. to give a dowry or marriage-
portion to ; to settle a permanent provision on ;
. to enrich with any gift, or faculty \fr. endow'-
tog; pa.p. endowed'.n. endower. [Yuen, and
douer, to endow.] See Dowry,
ndowment, en-dow'ment, n., act of endowing;
that which is settled on any person or institution ;
a quality or faculty bestowed on any one.
, en-du'. Same as Indue.
t*, v.i. , to be durable ; to remain firm ;
v.t. to remain firm under ; to bear with
er./. enduVing; Pa.p. endured'.
[Fr. endurer; X.. indurart, to make hardin,
and durus, hard. ]
'ur'a-bl, adj., that can he endured or
. endur'ably.n. endur'ableneaa.
i, en-duVans, ., state ofenduringox bear
ing : continuance ; a suffering patiently with
out sinking; patience.
Enema, c-ne"'ma, or en', . a liquid medicine thrown
into the rectum ; an injection. [Gr.enietni, to
send inen, in, and hiimi, to send.]
Enemy, en'e-mi, n., one who is not amicable or
friendly ; one who hates or dislikes ; a foe : a
hostile army. [Fr. ennemih. inimicusin,
negative, and amicus, a friend.]
enmity, en'mi-ti, n., the quality ofbeing an enemy;
unfriendliness; ill-will; hostility, [old 1 . ei i -
myteeenemy; Fr. inimitii; L. inimicitia.}
Energy, en'er-ji, n. inherent powerfor work: power
exerted ; vigorous operation ; strength. [Gr.
energeiaen, in, and ergon, work.]
energetic, en-er jet'ik, energetical, en-er-jet'ik-al,
adj., having or shewing energy ; active ; forc
ible; effective.adv. energetically.
Enervate, i-ner'vat, v.t., to deprive of nerve,
strength, or courage ; toweaken :/**./. erier'vot
ing; Pa.p. {nerVated. [L. enervo, enervatus
e, out of, and nervus, a nerve.]. enervation,
en-er-va'ihun.
Enfeeble, en-fc'bl, v.t., to make feeble; to deprive
fate, far; me, her; mine;
Engross
of strength, to weaken %pr.p. enfeebling ; Pa.p.
enfee'bled. [en, to make, and Feeble. J
enfeeblemeat, en-fe'bl-ment, n. , act ofenfeebling or
weakening ; weakness.
Enfeoff, en-fef or -fef, v.t. to give a fief orfeud
to ; to invest with a possession in fee :pr.p.
enfeoffing ; Pa.p. enfeoffed', [en, and Feoff.]
enfeoffment, en-fef ment, or -fef, act ofenfeoff
ing ; the deed which invests with the fee of an
estate.
Enfilade, cn-fi-lld', n.f a tile, line, or straight pass
age ; a situation or a body open from end to end.
'v.t. to rake with shot through the whole length
of a line :/**/. enfilad'ing ; Pa.p. enfiladed.
[Fr. en, and///, a line.] See File.
Enforce, en-tors', v. I., to putforce upon : to gain by
force : to give force to : to put in force ; to give
effect to : to urge, [en, ana Fore*.]
enforcement, cn-fOrs'ment, ., act ofenforcing; com
pulsion : a giving effect to : that which enforces.
Enfranchise, en-fran'chiz, v.t., to give a franchise
or political privileges to :pr.p. enfranchising ;
Pa.p. enfranchised, [en, and Franchise.]
enfranchisement, en-fran'chiz-mcnt, ., act of en
franchising ; admission to civil or political
privileges.
Engage, en-gaj\ v.t to bind by a gage or pledge :
to render liable : to gain for service ; to enlist :
to gain over ; to win : to occupy : to enter into
contest with.v.i. to pledge one's word; to be
come bound : to take a part : to enter into con
flict '.Pr.p. engag ing ; Pa.p. engaged', [en,
and Gage. ]
engagement, en-gaj'mcnt, -, act ofengaging: state
of being engaged : that which engages ; promise ;
employment ; a fight or battle,
engaging, en-gJij'ing, adj. winning ; attractive.
adv. engag ingly.
Engender, en-jen'der, v.t., to gender or beget ; to
breed : to sow the seeds of; to produce.v.i. to
be caused or produced :pr.p. engendering ;
Pa.p. engendered, [en, and Gender.]
Engine, en'jin, n., an ingenious or skilful contriv
ance ; a complex machine ; a military machine :
anything used to effect a purpose. [Fr. engin
L. ingenium, skill.] Sec Ingenious,
engineer, en-jin-cV, n., an engine-maker or man
ager ; one who has charge of military works and
engines ; a dvil engineer, or one who superin
tends the construction ofpublic works,
engineering, en-jin-eYing, n., the art or profession
ofan engineer.
Engird, cn-gerd', v.t., to gird round, [en, and Gird, j
FngHhJ ing'glish, adj., belonging to England or
its inhabitants.n. the language or the people of
England. [A.S. Englisc, from Engle, Angle,
from the Angles who settled in Britain.]
Engrain, en-gran'. Same as Ingrain.
Engrave, en-graV, v.t., to cut a groove into; to cut
out with a graver a representation of anything
on wood, steel, &c. ; to imprint ; to impress
deeply.n. engraver, [en, and Grave. ]
engraving, en-grav'ing, n., act or art of cutting
designs on wood, &c. : an impression taken from
an engraved plate ; a print,
en-Eros',', v. t. : lit.to topurchase
make gross or large ; to
in the g oss in large quanti
demand, and sell again dear ; to
take or assume in undue quantity : to copy a
writing in a large hand or in distinct characters :
mote ; mate; mOuu; Men. 155
 engrossment
to occupy wholly :Pr.p. engrossing ; pa.p. en
grossed .n. engrosser, [en, and Orow.]
engrossment, en-grOs'ment, n. , act of engrossing:
that which has been engrossed ; a fair copy.
Engulf. See Ingulf.
Enhance, en-nans', v.t. lit. to jhtt forward; to
raise or heighten ; to add to; to increase.v.i.
to be raised; to swell '.pr.p. enhancing ; pa.p.
enhanced'. [Prov. enansarenans, forward
ans, L. ante, before.]
enhancement, en-hans'ment, act of enhancing:
state of being enhanced ; increase ; aggravation.
Enjig"*, E-nig'ma, n. a statement with a hidden
meaning to be guessed ; anything very obscure ;
a riddle. [Fr. inigmc; L. arnigma; Gr. ainigma
aim'ssomai, to speak darklyainos, a tale.]
enigmatic, C-nig-matik, enigmatical, e-nig-mat'ik-al,
adj., relating to, containing, or resembling an
enigma; obscure ; puzzling.adv. enigmat icallv.
enigmatUe, C-nig'ma-tTz, v.t., to utter or deal in
riddles :pr.p. enig'matTsing ;/a./.enig/matTsed.
enlgmatist, -nigma-tist, n., one who enigmatises.
Enjoin, en-join', v.t. lit. to join to; to lay upon,
as an order ; to order or direct with authority or
urgency, [en, and Join.]
Enjoy, en-joy', v.t., tojoy or delight in ; to feel or
perceive with pleasure ; to possess or use with
satisfaction or delight, [en, and Joy.]
enjoyment, en-joy'ment, n., state or condition of
enjoying; satisfactory possession or use of any
thing ; pleasure ; happiness.
Enkindle, en-kin'dl, v. t.t to kindle or set on fire ; to
rouse, [en, intensive, and Kindle.]
Enlarge, cn-larj', v.t., to make larger; to increase
in size or quantity: to expand; to amplify or
spread out discourse: in B., to set at large or
free.v.i. to grow large or larger : to be diffuse in
speaking or writing : to expatiate '.pr.p. enlarg
ing ; Pa.p. enlarged', [en, to make, and Large.]
enlargement, cn-larj'ment, n.} act of enlarging:
state of being enlarged ; increase ; extension :
diffuseness of speech or writing : a setting at
large; release.
Enlighten, en-lTt/n, v.t., to lighten or shed light on ;
to make clear to the mind : to impart knowledge
to ; to elevate by knowledge or religion, [en,
intensive, and lighten.]
enlightenment, en-llt'n-ment, n., act of enlighten
ing: state of being enlightened.
Enlist, en-list', v.t. to enter on a list; to enroll : to
engage in public service : to employ in advancing
an object.v.i. to engage in public service: to
enter .heartily into a cause:Pr.p. enlisting;
Pa.p. enlist/ed. [en, on, and List.]
enlistment, en-Hsr/mcnt, n., act of enlisting: state
of being enlisted.
Enliven, en-lWn.'z'.r'., to put life into; to excite or
make active ; to make sprightly or cheerful ; to
animate:pr.p. enllv'cnmg; Pa.p. enlivened.
n. enuYener. [en, to make, and Live.]
Enmity. Sec under Enemy.
Ennoble, en-nO'bl, v.t., to make noble; to elevate :
to raise to nobility '.pr.p. cnnO'bling ; pa.p.
cnnO'bled. [en, to make, and Noble.]
Ennui, 5n'we, n. lit. annoyance ; a feeling of
weariness or disgust from satiety, &c. [Fr.
ennui; Sp. enojo; from root of Annoy.]
Enormous, C-nor'mus, adj., out ofrule or measure ;
excessive ; atrocious.adv. enormously. [L.
enormise, out of, and norma, rule.]
fate, far ; m, her ; mine ;
Entangle
enormity, C-nor'mi-ti. state or quality of being
enormous : that which is enormous : a great
crime ; great wickedness.
Enough, -nuf', adj., sufficient; giving content ;
satisfying want.adv. sufficiently.n. suffici
ency; as much as satisfies desire or want. [A.S.
ge-noh, ge-nog, nog; Gcr. ge-nug; Ice. nog.]
Enquire. See Inquire.
Enrage, en-raj', v.t., to put in a rage; to make
furious, [en, in, and Eage.]
Enrapture, en-rap'tflr, v.t., to put in rapture; to
transport with pleasure or delight :pr.p. en-
rap'tdring ; pa.p. enrap'tured. [en, and Rapture, J
Enrich, en-rich', v.t., to make rich; to fertilise ; to
adorn '.pr.p. enrich'ing ; Pa.p. enriched', [en,
to make, and Rich.]
enrichment, en-rich'ment, ., act ofenriching: that
which enriches.
Enrol, en-rOt', v.i. to insert in a roll or register ; to
record ; to leave in writing '.Pr.p. enrolling ;
Pa.p. enrolled', [en, in, and BoIL]
enrolment, en-rOl'ment, n., act of enrolling: that
in which anything is enrolled ; a register.
Enaample, en-sam'pl, old form of Example.
Ensconce, en-skons', v.t. to cover or protect, as with
a sconce or fort ; to hide safely :;pr.p. ensconc
ing; pa.p. ensconced', [en, in, and Sconce.]
Emhrine, cn-shrln', v.t. to enclose in or as in a
shrine; to preserve with affection:pr.p. en
shrining ; Pa.p. enshrined', [en, in, and Shrine.]
Enshroud, en-shroud', v.t., to cover with a shroud;
to cover up. [en, in, and Shroud.]
Ensign, en'sln, n., the sign or flag distinguishing a
nation or a regiment : the officer who carries the
flag of a regiment. [Fr, enseigne, L. insignia, pL
of insigne, a distinctive markin, on, signum,
a mark-]
ensigncy, cn'sTn-si, ensignship, en'sTn-ship, ., the
rank or commission of an ensign in the army.
Enslave, cn-sl.1v', v.t., to make a slave of; to subject
to the influence of:Pr.p. enslaving; Pa.p. en
slaved', [cn, to make, and Slave.]
enslavement,en-slaVment, n. act ofenslaving; state
of being enslaved ; slavery; bondage.
Ensnare. Same as Inmare.
Enrtamp, en-stamp', v.t., to mark as with a stamp,
[en, on, and Stamp.]
Ensue, en-sQ', v.i., to follow; to succeed or come
after : to result from.in B.t vt. to follow after.
Pr.p. ensuing ; Pa.p. ensiled', [old Fr. ensuir,
Ft. ensuivre, Prov. enseguirL. in, after, and
sequor, to follow.]
Ensure, cn-shOOr'. Same as Insure.
Entablature, cn-tabla-tQr, Entablement, cn-tal)!-
mcnt, . in arch., the part, consisting ofthe archi
trave, frieze, and cornice, that surmounts the
columns, and rests upon the capital of a pillar.
[Fr. entablement, old Fr. entablature, from L.
in, in the manner of, tabula, a table.]
Entail, en-t3l', v.t., to cut off an estate from the
heirs general, and settle it on a particular heir
or series of heirs : to bring on as an inevitable
consequence :/r./. entail ing ; Pa.p. entailed*.
n. an estate entailed : the rule of descent
of an estate. [Fr. entailler, to cut intoen, in,
into, and tailler, to cutL. talea, a cutting.]
entailment, cn-tal'mcnt, act ofentailing: state
of being entailed.
Entangle, en-tang'gl, v.t. to twist into a tangle, or
mOte; mute; mOOn ; then*
 entanglement
so as not to be easily separated ; to involve in
complications ; to perplex ; to insnare. [en, in,
and Tangle.]
entanglement, en-tang'gl-ment, ., state of Being
entangled; a confused state ; perplexity.
Enter, cn'ter, v.t., to come or go into ; to join or
engage in ; to begin : to put into ; to enroll or
record.v.t. to go or come in ; to penetrate : to
engage in ; to form a part of:Pr.p. en'tering;
fa.f. en'tered. [Fr. entrer, L. intrare, to go into
tntro, within, to the inside.J
entrance, cn'trans, act of entering; power or
right to enter : the place for entering, the door :
the beginning. [L. intrant, pr.p. of intrare.]
entry, errtri, n.} act of entering : a passage into :
act of committing to writing ; the thing entered
or written : in law, the taking possession of.
Enterprise, en'ter-prTz, ., that which is taken hold
of, entered on, or attempted : a bold or danger*
ous undertaking ; an adventure ; daring. [Fr.
entrrpn's, pa.p. of entreprendreentre, in, into,
and prendre, to takeL. prehendo, to seize.]
cxtterprlging, cn'ter-prlz-ing, adj. forwardin under'
taking; adventurous.adv. enterprisingly.
Entertain, en-ter-tan', v.t. lit. to Itold together; to
admit; to receive and treat hospitably: to hold
the attention of and amuse by conversation : to
receive and take into consideration ; to keep or
hold in the mind :Pr.p. entertaining ; pa.p.
entertained'.n. entextein'er.adv. entertaln'-
ingly. [Fr. entnrtenirentre, among, and tenir,
L. teneo, to hold.]
entertainment, en-ter-tSn'ment, n. , act ofenUrtatn-
ingl hospitality at table: that which enter
tains; the provisions of the table; a banquet;
amusement ; a performance which delights.
Enthral, en-thrawl'. Same as InthraL
Enthrone, cn-thrOn', v.t., to place on a throne; to
exalt to the seat of royalty ; to instal as a bishop,
[en, in, and Throne.]
enthronement, en-thrOn'ment, n., the actofenthron
ing, or of being enthroned.
enthronisation, en-thrOn-i-za'shun, n. the enthrone
ment of a bishop.
Enthusiasm, en-thu'zi-azm, n. lit. inspiration by a
god i heat of imagination : intense interest ; pas
sionate zeal. [Gr. enthousiasmosentlwusiazo
to be inspired by a goden, in, and theos, a god.]
enthusiast, en-thu'zi-ast, ., one inspired by enthu
siasm; one who admires or loves intensely.
enthusiastic, en-thu-zi-as'tik, enthuiastlcal, en-thfl-
zi-as'iik-al,<Mfy.,filled with enthusiasm ; zealous ;
ardentadv. enthuslas'tlcally.
Entice, en-tls', v.t., tostiruf; to excite: to induce
by exciting hope or desire ; to tempt ; to lead
astray '.Pr.p. enticing; Pa.p. enticed'. [Fr.
attiser, to stir the fire ; old Fr. entiserL. titio
(Fr. lison), a firebrandacc. to Wedgwood, from
the sound stt tsl by which dogs are incited to
fight.]adv. entic'lngly.n. entlc'er.
enticement, en-tls'mcnt, n., act of enticing: that
which entices or tempts ; allurement.
entlceable, en-tTs'a-bl, ad'j., capable oj being enticed.
Entire, en-tlr', adj., untouched; whole; complete;
tinmingled.adv. entirely.n. entire'ness. [Fr.
entier, It. interoL. integer, whole, from in,
not, and lago, tango, to touch.]
entirety, en-tlr'ti, ., slate of being entire; com
pleteness ; the whole.
Entitle, en-tl'tl, v.t., to give a title to; to style ; to
give a claim to. [en, and Title.]
fate, fir ; ml, her ; mine ;
environs
Entity, en'tit-i, ., being; existence ; a real sub-
&tance.[Fr.entite'l,.e/ts,entis,be'mgesse.to be.]
Entomb, en-tTOm', v.t., toplace in a tomb,to bury :
pr.p. entombing; Pa.p. entombed', [en, Tomb.]
entombment, en-t6~0m ment, n. burial.
Entomology, cn-tom-ol'o-ji, n. the science which
treats ofinsects.adjs., entomolog'lc, entomolog
ical.adv. entomologrlcaUy. [Gr. entoma, insects
(animals nearly cut in iwotemnS, to cut}, and
logos, a discourse.] [entomology.
entomologist, en-tom-oi'o-jist, ., one learned in
Entrails, en'tralz, n.pl., the internal Parts of an
animal's body, the bowels. [Fr. entrail/es~Gt,
entera, intestinesentos, withinen, in.]
Entrance, cn'trans. See under Enter.
Entrance, en-trans', v.t., to Put into a trance; to
fill with rapturous delight '.pr.p. entrancing ;
Pa.p. entranced', [en, in, and Trance.]
enhancement, en-trans'ment, . state of trance or
of excessive joy.
Entrap, en-trap', v.t. to catch as in a trap; to in
snare ; to entangle, [en, and Trap.]
Entreat, en-trSt', v.t. orig. to treat, to deal withso
in B. : to ask earnestly; to pray for.v.i. to
pray, [en, and Treat. ] [prayer.
entreaty, en-trtl, n., act of entreating; earnest
Entrench. Same as Intrench.
Entrust. Same as Intrust. t
Entry. See under Enter.
Entwine, en-twin', v.t., to twine, [en, and Twine.]
Entwist, en-twist', v.t., to twist round, [en, Twist.]
Enumerate, S-nQ'mer-at, v.t. to count the number
of; to name over:pr.p. Cnum'eruting ; pa.p.
enumerated. [L. e, out, and nutnero, numer-
atus, to number.] Sec Number.
enumeration, S-num-c'r-a'shun, ., act of number*
'".>: > a detailed account ; a summing up.
Enunciate, e>nun'si-at, or 'shi, v.t., to utter; to pro
nounce distinctly '.Pr.p. Cnun'dating ; pa.p.
enun'c&ted.. enun'ciator, one who enunciates.
[L. enuncio, enunciatumc, and nuncio, to tell
nuncius, a messenger.]
enunciation, c-nun-si- (or -shi) a'shun, ., act of
enunciating; manner ofuttering or pronouncing ;
a distinct declaration ; the words in which a pro
position is expressed.
ennnclatlve, C-nun'si (or shi}-5-tiv, enunclatory, <"-
nun'si (or shij-at-or-i, adj., containing enuncia
tion or utterance; declarative.
Envelop, en-vcl'up, v.t., to roll orfoldin ; to cover
by wrapping; to surround entirely; to hide:
Pr.p. enveloping ; Pa.p. envcl'opcd. [Fr. en-
veiopper; old E. wlap, E. lap; or L. involvo
in, and volvo, to roll.]
envelope, en'vel-Op, n., that which envelops, wraps,
or covers, esp. the cover of a letter.
envelopment, cn-vel'op-mcnt, n., a wrapping or
covering on all sides.
Envenom, en-vcn'um, v.t., to put venom into; to
poison ; to taint with bitterness or malice '.Pr.p.
envenoming ; Pa.p. enven'omcd. [en, in, Venom.]
Enviable, Envious. See under Envy.
Environ, en-vlYun, v.t., to surround; to encircle;
to invest '.Pr.p. environing : pa.p. envlr'oned.
n. environment, a surrounding. [Fr. environ-
nerenviron, aroundvirer, to turn round, from
root of Veer: but prob. from a lost Celtic root.]
environs, en'vi-runz, or en-vl', n.pl., the places that
; the outskirts of a city ; neighbourhood.
mote ; mate ; mOCn ; Men.
S7
 Envoy
Envoy, en voy, one sent on his way; a messen
ger ; one sent to transact business with a foreign
government. [Fr. envoy*envoyer, to senden,
on, and voie, L. via, a way.]*, en'voyihip.
Envy, en'vi, v.t, to look upon with a grudging eye ;
to hate on account of prosperity '.Pr.p. en'vying ;
Pa.p. en'vied.. pain at the sight of another's
success ; a wicked desire to supplant one : in B.,
ill-wilL [Fr. envie ; envier, to envy ; L. invidia
in, on, and video, to look.]
envying, en'vi-ing, *. in B. , envy, iH-will.
enviable, en'vi-a-bl, adj., that excitesenvy ; capable
of awakening desire to possess.adv. en'viahly.
envious, en'vi-us, adj., feeling envy; directed by
envy.adv. en'vioiuUy.. en'viousness.
Enwrap. See Xnwrap.
Eocen. c'osen, adj. mgeol. first in time of the three
subdivisions of the tertiary formation. [Gr. ids,
daybreak, kainos, recent]
Eolian, e-ofi-an, Eolic, 6-OHk, adj., belonging to
sEolia, in Asia Minor, or to the Greek dialect
of Eolia: pertaining to eEolus, the god of
winds.
Epact, Spakt, *. the excess of the solar month or
year above the lunar. [Gr. epaktos, brought on
epi, on, ago, to bring.]
Epaulet, cp'awl-et, ., a shoulder-piece ; a badge of
a military or naval officer. [Fr. epauletteipaule,
the shoulder, L. scapula, the shoulder-blades.]
Epergna, c-pj.ni', n. an ornamental stand for a
large dish in the centre of a table. [Fr. ipargne,
savingipargner, to save ; Ger. sparen, to spare.]
Epha, Ephah, e/fa, n. a Hebrew measure for dry
goods. [Heb.Copt\c,$pi,measureop, to count.]
Ephemera, ef-em'er-a, *r. a fly that lives one day
only ; the Mayfly, a genus of short-lived insects :
a fever of one day's continuance only. [Gr. epki-
meros, living a dayepi, in, himera, a day.]
ephemeral, ef-em'er-alj adj., existing only for a
day; daily; short-lived.
ephemerla, ef-em'er-is, *. an account of daily
transactions ; a journal ; an astronomical al
manac.//, ephemerldei, ef-e-mer/i-dez.
ephemerist, ef-em'er-ist, *., one who studies the
daily motions of the planets.
Ephod, ef'od, *. lit. that which isput on; a part of
the Jewish priests' dress which served as a girdle
to the tunic. [Heb. ephodaphad, to put on.]
Epic, ep'ik, adj., containing narration; relating
the history of great events.. an epic or heroic
poem. [L. eptcus; Gr. epikosepos, a word.]
Epicene, cp'i-s "n . adj. or *., common to both sexes ;
Ingram., of either gender. [Gr. epikoinosepi,
and koinos, common.]
Epicure, cp'i-kur, n., a follower of Epicurus, a
Greek philosopher, who taught that pleasure was
the chief good ; one given to sensual enjoyment ;
one devoted to the luxuries, of the table. [L.
Epicurus; Gr. Epihouros.)
epicurean, ep-i-kQ-rean, adj., pertaining to Epi
curus; given to luxury.*., a follower of Epi
curus ; one given to the luxuries of the table.
epicureanism, ep-i-ku-rCan-izm, *., the doctrines
ofEpicurus ; attachment to these doctrines.
epicurism, ep'i-lcur-izm, ,, the doctrines of Epi
curus ; luxury ; sensual enjoyment.
Epicycle, ep^i-sl-kl, . a circle having its centre on
the circumference of a greater circle, on which it
moves. [Gr. epi, upon, and kyklos, a circle.]
Epidemic, ep-i-dem'ik, Epidemical, e-pi-dem'ik-al,
fate, far ; me*, her ; mine ;
Epitaph
adj., affecting a whole People; general.*. a
disease falling on great numbers.adv. epidemic
ally. [Gr. epi, upon, and demos, the people.]
Epidermis, cp-i-der'mis, ?t. that which lies on the
true skin; the cuticle or outer skin of animals.
[Gr. epidermisepi, upon, and derma, the skin.]
Epiglottis, cp-i-glot/is, *. the cartilage at the root
of the tongue that falls upon theglottis, or open
ing of the larynx. [Gr.epi, upon, and Glottis.]
Epigram, cpl-gram, *. lit. a writing upon a monu
ment ; a short poem on one subject ending with
a witty thought. [Gr. epigrammaepi, upon,
and gramma, a writing, from graphs, to write.]
epigrammatic, ep-i-gram-mat'ik, epigrammatical, ep-
i-gram-mat'ik-al, adj., relating to or dealing in
epigrams ; like an epigram ; concise and pointed.
adv. epigrammat ically.
epigr&mmatase, ep-i-gram'mat-Tz, v.t., to make an
epigram on.epigrammathrt, ep-i-grani'mat-ist,
one who writes epigrams.
Epigraph, cp'i-graf, n., a writing, esp. on a build
ing ; a citation or motto at the commencement of
a book or its parts. [Gr. epi-graphiepi, upon,
and graphs, to write.]
Epilepsy, cp'i-lcp-si, n, a disease of the brain at
tended by convulsions, which seizes on one sud
denly, causing him to fall.adj. epileptic. [Gr.
epilepsiaepi, upon, and lamband, lepsomai, to
seize. Sans, labh, to get.]
Epilogue, ep'i-log, the conclusion of a discourse ;
a speech or short poem at the end of a^day.
adj. epilog'ical (-loj'). [Gr. epilogos, conclusion
epi, upon, and legO, to speak.]
Epiphany, 6-pif'an-i, n. a church festival celebrated
on Jan. 6, in commemoration of the appearance
of Christ to the wise men of the East. [Gr.
epipkaneia, appearanceepi, and pkaind, to
shew, fromphad, to shine.]
Episcopacy, e-pisTco-pas-i, *. the government of the
church by bishops. [L. episcopatesGr. epis-
kopos, overseer, bishop.] See Bishop.
episcopal, 5-pisTco-pal, adj. governed by bishops;
belonging to or vested in bishops.adv. epls'co-
p*Uy.
episcopalian, 5-pis-kO-pali-an, adj., belonging to
bishops, or government by bishops.*. one who
belongs to the Episcopal Church.
Eplecopalianlwn, C-pis-kO-pali-an-izm, *., episco
palian government and doctrine.
episcopate, e"-pis'ko-pat, *., a bishopric; the office
of a bisnop ; the order of bishops.
Episode, ep'i-sOd, . a storycoming in or introduced
into a narrative or poem to ive variety ; an in
teresting incident. [Gr. epetsodionepi, upon,
eisodos, a coming ineis, into, kodos, a way.]
episodlal, c-pi-sod'i-al, episodic, e-pi-sod'ik, episodical,
e-pi-sod'ik-al, adj., pertaining to or contained in
an episode ; brought in as a digression.
episodically, ep-i-sod'ik-al-Iy, adv., by way erf epi
sode ; incidentally.
Epistle, c'-pisl, *. a writing sent to one, a letter.
[h.epistola ; Ox.epistoUepi, and stello, to send.]
epistolary, e-pis'to-lar-i, adj. , pertaining to or con
sisting of epistles or letters ; suitable to an
episde ; contained in letters.
eplstollc, ep-is-tol'ik, epistoIleal, ep-is-tollk-al, adj..
Pertaining to epistles or letters ; designating the
method of representing ideas by letters and words.
Epitaph, epl-taf, *. that which is written upon a
tomb; an inscription upon a monument. [Gr.
mOte ; mute ; mGOn ; //ten.
 Epithalamlum
epftaphionepi, upon, and iaplios, a tomb.]
adjs. epttaph'ian, epitaph'le.
Eplthalamlum, cp-i-tha-la'rni-um, n. a song upon a
marriage. [Gr. epitkalamionepi, upon, and
thalamos, a bed-chamber, marriage.}
Epithet, ep'i-thet, n. lit. anything- added to; an
adjective expressing some real quality of the
thing to which it is applied, or an attribute ex
pressing some quality ascribed to it. [Gr. efi-
tltetos, addedepi, on, and tithimi, to place.]
cpithetlc, cp-i-therik, adj., Pertaining to an epi
thet; abounding with epithets.
Epitome, e-pit/<J-ma that which is cut short: an
abridgment or short summary of anything, as of
a book. [Gr.epi, and temnS, to cut.]
epitomise, c-pit'O-mlz, v.t., to make an epitome of;
to shorten ; to condense ',pr.p. epitomising ;
Pa.p. epit'omTscd.
epltomlaer, e-pit'O-mlz-er, epltomurt, e-pit'3-mist,
one who epitomises or abridges.
Epoch, et/ok, or *. a point of timefixed or made
remarkable by some great event from which dates
are reckoned ; a penod remarkable for important
events. [Gr. epochlepeckd, to stopepi, upon,
and echBt to hold.]
Epode, ep'Od, or C, . lit. an after song; a land
of lyric poem in which a longer verse is fol
lowed by a shorter oneadj. epod'ic. [Gr. epddos
epi, on, and 5de, an ode or song.] See Ode.
Epopee, ep-0-pe*, n., the writing ofepicPoetry ; an
epic poem ; the subject of an epic. [Gr. epopoiia
epos, a word, an epic potm, pried', to make.]
Equal, eTcwal, adj., one or the same in regard to
any quality: adequate; in just proportion; fit:
equable ; not variable ; uniform : equitable ;
evenly balanced ; just.n. one of the same age,
rank, quantity, &c.v.t. to be or to make equal
to :pr.p. e*quailing ;Pa.f>. Equalled. [L. aqualis
arquus, equal ; Sans, ika, one.]adv. e/quaUy.
equable, Clewa-bl, adj. , equal and uniform ; smooth ;
not variable. [L. orquabilis.]adv. e'quably.
equability, e-kwa-bifi-ti, n., state or condition of
being equable or not variable.
equality, e-kwol'i-ti, n., the quality or condition of
beingequal; sameness ; evenness. [L.erqualitas.]
equalise, eVkwal-lz, v.t., to make equal:fr.p.
equalising ; pa.p. equalised.
equalisation, 6-kwaI-i-za shun, ., the act ofmaking
equal; state of being equalised.
equation, e>kw'shun, n. in alg., a statement ofthe
equality of two quantities ; reduction to a mean
proportion.
equator, -kwa'tor, ., that which divides equally;
in geog., a great circle passing round the middle
of the globe, and dividing it into two equal parts ;
in astr., the equinoctial.adj. equatorial,
equity, ek'wi-ti, n. , equality or lightness ; right as
founded on the laws of nature ;'fairness ; justice,
equitable, ek'wi-ta-bl, adj., possessing qt exhibiting
equity; held or exercised, in equity.adv. etqful-
tably.. eq'ultablenen.
Equanimity, f-kwa-rum'i-ti, n., equality or evenness
of mind or temper. [L. tequanimitaserquus,
equal, and animus, the mind.]
Equator. See under Equal.
Equery, Equerry, ek'we-H, or ek-wer'i, one who
has the charge ofhorses ; in Engtand, an officer
under the sovereign's master of the hone, [low
L. equariusL. equus, a horse.]
equestrian, f-kwes'tri-an, adj., Pertaming to horses
or horsemanship; on horseback.n., one who
fate, far ; mf, her ; mine ;
Equivocal
rides on horseback. fL. equester, equcttrir
eques, a horsemanequus.}
equine, eTcwTn, equina!, S-kwTn'al, adj., pertaining
to a horse or horses. [L. equinusequus.}
Equiangular, e-kwi-ang'gu-lar, adj., consisting ofor
having equal angles* [L. arquus, equal, and
angular.]
Equidistant, ff-kwi-dis'tant, adj., equally distant
from.adv. equiuis'tantly. [L. a?quust equal, and
distant.]
Equilateral, S-kwi-Jat'er-al, adj., having all the
sides equal. [L. arquus, equal, and lateral.]
Equilibrate, c-kwi-lr'bra.t, v.t., to balance two scales
equally. [L. orquus, equal, and llbrate,].
equlUbra'tlon.
equilibrium, e'-kwi-Iib'ri-um, n., equal balancing;
equality of weight or force; level position. [L.
eequus, and libra, a balance.]
Equimultiple, 6-kwi-mul'ti-pl, adj., multiplied by
the same or an equal number.. a number
multiplied by the same number as another. [L.
arquus, equal, and multiple.]
Equine. See under Equery.
Equinox, eTkwi-noks, n. the time when the sun
crosses the equator, making the night equal in
length to the day, about aist March and 33d
Sept. [L. arquus, equal, and nox, noctis, night]
equinoctial, e-kwi-nok'shal, adj., pertaining to the
equinoxes, the time of the equinoxes, or to the
regions about the equator,. a great circle in
the heavens corresponding to the equator of the
earth, so called because when the sun crosses it
the days and nights are equal.
equlnoctlally, 5-kwi-nok'shal-ly, adv., in the direc
tion ofthe equinox.
Equip, 5-kwip', v.t., tofit out' as a ship for sea : to
furnish with everything needed for any service
or work 'Pr.p. equipping ; pa.p. equipped .
[Fr. equiper, for esquipper, to attire ; A.S.
scyPPan, to formA.S., Goth., Ice. skip, a ship.)
equipage, ek'wi-paj, ., that with which one is
equipped; furniture required for any service, as
armour of a soldier, &c; a carriage and attend
ants, retinue.adj., eq'uipaged, furnished with
an equipage.
equipment, -kwip'ment, ., the act of equipping z
the state of being equipped : things used in
equipping or furnishing.
Equipoise, Slcwi-poiz, n. , equality ofweight or force ;
the state of a balance when the two weights are
equal. [I* orquus, equal, and Poise.]
Equipollent, e-kwi-pol'lent, adj., having equal
Power or force ; equivalent.. equlpol'lenee. [L.
arquus, equal, and pollens, pollentis, pr.p. of
Polleo, to Be able.]
Equiponderant, 6-kwi-pon'der-ant. adj., equal in
weight.n, equlpon derance. [L. orquus, equal,
and pondus, pendens, weight.]
equiponderate, o-kwi-pon'der-lt, vd., to be equal in
weight ; to balance :pr.p. equipon'derating ;
Pa.p. equipon'derated.
Equitable, Equity. See under Equal.
Equivalent, fc-kwiVa-lent, adj., equal in value,
power, effect, meaning, &c.n. a thing equal
in value, &cadv. eqiuValently.n. equivalence.
[L. orquus, equal, and vatens, valentis, pr.p. of
valeo, to be strong.]
Equivocal, fi-kwiVO-kal, adj., meaning equally two
or more things ; of doubtful meaning : capable
of a double explanation.adv. equivocally..
mote ; mute ; mOQn ; Men. ,
 equivocate
equlv'eesdness. [L. otquus, equal, and vocalis
vox, vocis, the voice, a word.]
equivocate, e-kwiv'o-kut, v.i., to use equivocal or
doubtful words in order to mislead '.pr.p.
equivocating ; Pa.p. eqinVocSted.
equivocation, 6-kwiv-o-ka'shun, act ofequivocat
ing or using ambiguous words to mislead.n.
equVocator.
Era, cfra, n. a series ofyears reckoned from a par
ticular point. [L. cera; Fr. ire; allied to A-S.
gear, a year.]
Eradicate, c-rad'i-kSt, v. t. to pull up by the roots ;
to destroy '.pr.p. Eradicating ; pa.p. eradi
cated. [L. eradico, to root oute, and radix,
Todicis, a root.]
eradication, e-rad-i-ki'shun, ., the act oferadicat
ing : state of being eradicated.
Erase, 6-rSs', v.t., to rub or scrape out; to efface ;
to destroy ipr.p. erasing ; Pa.p. erased'.adj.
erasable.n. eras'r. [L. tradoe, out, and
rado, rasus, to scrape.]
crasion, S-ri'zhun, enuement, e-ruVment, erasure,
C-ra'zhOOr, ., the act of erasing; a rubbing
out : the place where something written has
been rubbed out.
Crastlan, e-rast'yan, . a follower of Thomas Eras-
tut, a German physician, who maintained that
the church is wholly dependent on the state for
its existence and authority.adj. relating to the
Erastians or their doctrines,
eraitlanlsm, e-rast'yan-izm, n., principles of the
Erastians; control of the church by the state.
Ere, fir, adv., before ; sooner Lhan.Prep., before.
[A.S. eer, Goth, air, early.]
erst, erst, adv., first ; at first; formerly. [A.S.
arrest, superl. of a*r.]
Erect, 6-rekt', v.t., to set upright; to raise ; to
build : to exalt ; to establish :Pr.p. erecting ;
Pa.p. Crect'ed. [L. erectus, from erigo, to set
uprighte, out, and rego, to make straight.]
erect, e-rekt', adj., upright; directed upward:
unshaken ; bold.adv. erectly.n. erect'ness.
erection, e*-rek'shun, ., act of erecting or raising:
state of being erected ; exaltation : anything
erected ; a building of any kind.
Eremite, er'fi-mlt, n. now Hermit.
Ermine, erinln, n. a northern animal of the weasel
tribe, valued for its fur ; its white fur, an emblem
of the purity of judges and magistrates, whose
robes are lined with it.adj. er'mined, adorned
with ermine, [usually given, the A mtenian rat :
but Fr. hermine, Ger. kermchen, a weasel.]
Erode, 5-rod', v.t., to cat away :pr.p. eroding;
Pa.p. CrOd'ed. [L. e, and rodo, rosus, to gnaw.]
erosive, C-rO'siv, adj., having the property oferod
ing or eating away.
erosion, 6-rO'zhun, n., the act of eroding or eating
away : the state of being eaten away.
Erotic, c-rotik, Erotlcal, 5-rotik-al, adj., pertaining
to love. [Gr. erOtikoserfis, erdtos, love.]
Err, er, v.i, to wander from the right way ; to go
astray : to mistake ; to sin. [L. erro, to stray.]
errant, er'ant, adj. , erring or wandering; roving ;
wild. [L. errans, errantis, pr.p. of erro.]
errantry, erant-ri, ., an errant or wandering
state; a rambling about like a knight-errant.
erratic, er-at'ik, erratical, er-atik-al, adj., wander
ing; having no certain course ; not stationary.
adv. erratically.
erratum, er-a'tum, n., an errorinwriting orprinting.
pi. errata, er-a'ta. [L.,erro.]
fate, far; m, her; mine;
16b
Escarp
error, er'or, n., a wandering or deviation from
truth, right, &c. ; a blunder or mistake ; a fault ;
sin. [L.,erro.]
erroneous. er-6'nC-us, adj., wandering; erring '.full
of error; wrong; mistaken.adv. erroneously.
n. erro'neousness.
Errand, er'and, n., a message; an order; a com
mission to say or do something. [A.S. cerend
ar, Ice. art, Goth, airus, a messenger : acc. to
Muller, from root ar, to plough.]
Erse, ers, n. corr. of Irish, the name given by the
Lowland Scots to the language of the people of
the W. Highlands, as being of Irish origin.
Erst. See under Ere.
Erubescent, er-Co-bcs'cnt, adj.,growing red; red or
reddish ; blushing.. embese'ence. [L. erubes-
cens, -cutis, pr.p. of erubeseo, to grow rede,
and ruber, red.]
Eructation, er-uk-ta'shun, n., the act of belching or
rejecting wind from the stomach : a violent ejec
tion of wind or other matter from the earth. [L.
eructo, eructatuse, and ructo, to belch forth
rug0* to belch ; Gr. ereugomai, to vomit.]
Erudite, er'u-dH, adj. lit,freedfrom rudeness; in
structed ; polished : learned.adv. er'udltely. [L.
erudio, eruditus. to free from rudenesse, from,
and rudis, rude.]
erudition, er-Q-di'shun, m., state of being erudite
or learned ; knowledge gained by study ; learn
ing, esp. in literature.
Eruginons, 6-ro7S'jin-us, adj., resembling the rust Of
copper or brass ; rusty. [L. aruginosuseerugo,
rust of coppera>s, arris, metal, copper.]
Eruption,&-Tup'shun,n.,abreakingoTburstingJbrth;
that which bursts forth ; a breaking out of spots
on the skin. [L. eruptioerumpo, eruptus#*,
out, and rum6a, to break. ]
erupted, e-mpted, adj., suddenly and forcibly
thrown out, as lava from a volcano.
eruptive, 5-ruptiv, adj., breakingforth.; attended
by or producing eruption : produced by erup
tion.
Erysipelas, cr-i-sip'e-las, n. lit. red skin; an erup
tive inflammation of the skin, chiefly on the
face. [Gr.erythros, red, and Pella, skin.]
Escalade, es-ka-lad', or es', ., the scaling of the
walls of a fortress by means of ladders.v.t., to
scale; to mount and enter by means of ladders :
pr.p. escalading ; Pa.p. escalad'ed. [Fr.
from L. scala, a ladder.]
Eecalop, es-kol'up. Same as Scallop.
Escapade. See under Escape.
Escape, es-kap', v.t., to skip or flee from : to pass
unobserved; to evade.v.i. to flee and become
safe from danger; to be passed without harm:
Pr.p. escaping ; Pa.p. escaped'.n., act if
escaping; flight from danger or from prison.
[Fr. /chapter. It scapPare,K. skip.]
escapade, cs-ka-pad', n. the fling of a horse or kick
ing back of his heels ; an impropriety of speech
or behaviour which escapes unconsciously from
any one. [Fr.It. scappatascapparr.]
escapement, es-kap'ment, n, part of a time-piece
connecting the wheel-work with the pendulum,
and allowing a tooth to escape at each vibration.
Escarp, es-karp', v.t. to make into a scarp or sud
den slope :Pr.p. escarping ; pa.p. escarped'.
n. a scarp or steep slope ; infort., the side of
the ditch next the rampart. [Fr. escarprr, to
cut down steep, from root of Scarp. ]
mOte; mute; mPon; then.
 escarpment
escarpment, es-karp'ment, n., a steep declivity; the
precipitous side of any hill or rock.
Eschalot, esh-a-lot', n. a kind of small onion, for
merly found at Ascalon in Palestine. [Fr.
ickaiotte, escahtteL. Ascalonius, of Ascalon.]
Eacheat, es-chet', n. property which falls to the
state for want of an heir, or by forfeiture.P.,
tofall to the lord of the manor or to the state :
pr.p. eschcat'ing; pa.p. escheated, [old Fr.
escheat* ; low L. escketa, from escadoL. ex,
out, and cado, to fall.]
Eschew, es-chTO', v.t., to sky at or shun; to flee
from :Pr.p. eschewing ; Pa.p. eschewed', [old
Fr. eschez/er; Ger. scheuen.}
Escort, es'kort, n., aguide ; an attendant ; a guard ;
a body of armed men as a guard. [Fr. escorte ;
It. scoria, a guidescorgere, to guideL. ex,
and corrigere, to set right. ]
escort, es-kort', v. t. to attend as a guard :Pr.p.
escorting ; Pa.p. escort/cd.
Escritoire, cs-kri-twor', ., a writing-desk. [Fr.
icritoire; old Fr. escriptoire; low L. scripto
riumscribo, scriptum, to write.]
Esculapian, cs-ku-liL'pi-an, adj., Pertaining to Escu-
lapius, and henceto the art of healing. [Escu-
lapius, the god of the healing art.]
Esculent, cslcO-Ient, adj., eatable; fit to be used for
food by man,. something that is eatable. [L.
esculentus, eatableesea, food, from edo, to eat.]
Escutcheon, es-kuch'un, n., a shield on which a coat
of arms is represented ; a family shield ; the part
of a vessel's stem bearing her name.adj. es-
cutch'eonad ('and), having an escutcheon, [old
Fr. escusson; It. scudo ; h. scutum, a shield.]
Esophagus, C-sofa-gus, n. the passage through
whichfood is carried to the stomach, the gullet.
[Fr. asophage; Gr. oisophagosois3, fut. of
pherd, to carry, and phagd, to cat.]
Esoteric, es-O-terlk, adj., inner; secret; mys
terious ; in phil., taught to a select fewopposed
to Exoteric.adv. esoter ically, [Gr. esdtertkos
eseteros, inntfreisd, intor, into.]
Espalier, es-pal'yer, n. a lattice-work of wood on
which to train fruit-trees; a row of trees so
trained. {Yx.^pauU, old Fr, espalde, It. spalla
L. spathula, dim. of spatha, the shoulder-
blade.]
Especial, es-pesh'al, adj., special; particular; prin
cipal ; distinguished.adv. especially, [old Fr.
h. specialist See Special
Espionage. See under Espy.
Esplanade, es-pla-nad', ., a plane or level space be
tween a citadel and the first houses of the town ;
any space for walking or driving in. [Fr.
esplaner, to lay levelL. planus, plain.]
Espouse, cs-pouz',r'.f\, togiveasspouse oxbetrothed;
to give in marriage : to take as spouse ; to wed :
to take with a view to maintain ; to embrace, as
a cause \-prJ. espousing ; Pa-P- espoused'..
espous'er. [Fr. ipouser; old Fr. espouscr; L.
spondeo, sponsus, to promise solemnly.]
espousal, cs pouz'al, n.f the act of espousing or
betrothing : the taking upon one's self, as a
cause :in //. a contract or mutual promise of
marriage, [old Fr. espousaillcs,\
Espy, cs-pT", v.t., to see at a distance; to spy or
catch sight of ; to observe ; to discover unex
pectedly, fold Fr. espier, from root of Spy.]
espionage, cs'pi-on-aj, ., practice or employment
ofspies. [Fr. espiennageespicn, a spy.]
fate, far ; mi, her ; mine ;
K 161
Estuary
Esquire, es-kwlr', n. orig. a squire or shield-bearer;
an attendant on a knight : a title of dignity next
below a knight ; a title given to younger sons of
noblemen, &c. ; a general title of respect in ad
dressing letters, [old Fr. escuyerfrom escu,
now icu, L. scutum, a shield.]
Essay, es-sii', v.t., to try; to attempt ; to make ex
periment of :Pr.p. essay'ing ; pa.p, essayed',
[from root of Assay.]
essay, cs'sa, ., a trial; an experiment ; a written
composition less elaborate than a treatise.
essayer, cs-si'cr, essayist, es'si-ist, n. a writer of
essays.
Essence, es'ens, ., being; a being; an existing
person or substance : the qualities which make
any object what it is : the extracted virtues of
any drug : the solution in spirits of wine of a
volatile or essential oil ; a perfume. [Fr.L.
essentiaessens, essentis, ola pr.p. of esse, A.S.
ivcsan, Sans, as, to be.]
essential, es-scn'shal, adj., relating to or contain
ing the essence : necessary to the existence of a
thing; indispensable or important in the highest
degree : highly rectified ; pure.n. something
essential or necessary ; a leading principle.
adv. essen'tlally.
essentiality, es-sen-slii-al'i-ti, ., the quality ofbeing
essential; an essential part.
Establish, es-tablish, v.t., to make stable or firm ;
to settle or fix ; to ordain ; to found ; to set up
(in business) :Pr.p. establishing : pa.p. es
tablished, [old Fr. establirL, stabilis, firm
Sto, to stand.]H, catab Usher.
establishment, cs-tablish-ment, n.. act of establish
ing: fixed state : that which is established; a
permanent civil or military force ; one's resi
dence, and style of living ; the church established
by law.
Estate, cs-tut', ft., a standing; condition; rank:
property, csp. landed property ; fortune : an
order or class of men in the body-politic//,
dominions ; possessions ; the legislatureking,
lords, and commons. [Fr. Hat, old Fr. estat
L. status, a standing, from Sto, to stand.]
Esteem. Sec under Estimate.
Estimate, cs'tim-at, v.t. to reckon the value of in
money; to judge of the worth of a thing; to
calculate ; to prize '.pr.p. estimating j pa.p.
es'timiUed. [Fr. estimerL. astimo, astima-
tutn, to valueas, copper, money.]
estimate, cs'tim-at, n. a valuing in the mind ; judg
ment or opinion of the worth or size of any
thing ; a rough calculation.
esteem, es-teW, v.t. to set a high estimate or value
on ; to regard with respect or friendship : to
consider or think:pr.p. esteeming; pa.p. es
teemed'.n., liigh estimation or value; favour
able regard.
estimable, es'tim-a-bl, adj., that can be estimated
or valued: worthy of esteem; deserving our
good opinion.adv. es'tlmably.
estimation, es-tim-i'shun, ., act of estimating ; a
reckoning of value : esteem, honour.
Esthetic, Esthetics, same as ^Esthetic, JEsthetlcs.
Estrange, es-triinj', v.t., to make strange ; to alien
ate ; to divert from its original use or possessor :
Pr.p. estranging ; pa.p. estranged'.n. estrange
ment, [old Fr. estranger, from root of Strange.]
Estuary, es'tu-ar-i, n. a narrow passage, as the
mouth of a river, where the tide meets the cur
rent, so called from theboilingox foaming caused
mOte ; mute ; m5on ; Men.
 Etch
try their meeting. [L. a>stuarium, from eestuo,
astuare, to boil up<rstus, a burning.]
Etch, ech, v.t. or /'. to make designs on metal, glass,
&c. by eating out the lines with an acid :Pr.p.
etch'ing ; A*A etched'. [Ger. dtzen, to corrode
by acid ; Goth, at/an, Sans, ad, to eat.] See Eat.
etching, ech'ing, n., the act or art of etching or
engraving; the impression from an etched plate.
Eternal, C-ter'nal, adj., throughout ail time ; ever
lasting : without beginning or end of existence ;
immortal ; ceaseless : unchangeable.n. The
Eternal, an appellation of God.adv. eternally.
[Fr. iternel; L. ceicmus, a*viternus<rw/w, Gr.
aidn, a period of time, an age.]
eternity, e-ter'ni-ti, . eternal duration .* the state or
time after death. [Fr. itemiti; L. atemitas.]
eternise, c'-ter'nTz, v.t., to make [eternal ; to im
mortalise; to perpetuate. [Fr. /temiser.]
Etesian, S-tS'zhan, adj.,yearly; periodical ; blowing
at stated seasons, as certain winds. [Fr. itisien,
L. ctcsius, Gr. etisios, annualetos, a year.]
Ether, e'ther, n.t the clear, upper air; the medium
supposed to fill all space above the atmosphere :
a light, volatile, inflammable fluid. [Fr. e'ther;
L. arther ; Gr. aithir, from aithd, to light up.]
ethereal, c-thCVeVal, adj., consisting of ether;
heavenly ; spirit-like.adv. ethe'really.
etherealise, -th2're"-al-Tz, v.t., to convert into
ether, or the fluid ether ; to render spirit-like :
pr.p. ethe'reallsing ; pa.p. 5the'reallscd.
etherise, C'ther-Tz, v.t., to convert into ether; to
stupify with ether :-J>r.p. etherising ; pa.p.
Ctherlsed.
Ethic, eth'ik, Ethical, eth'ik-al, adj., relating to
manners or morals; treating ofmorality or duty.
adv. eth ically. [Gr. ithutosithos, custom.]
ethics, eth'iks, n.sing., the doctrines of morality;
the science of duty ; a system of principles and
rules of duty.
Ethiopian, c-thi-3'pi-an, Ethloplc, eVthi-oplk, adj'.,
pertaining to Ethiopia, a name given to the
countries south of Egypt inhabited oy the negro
races. [Gr. A ithiops, sunburnt, Ethiopianaitho,
to burn, and dps, the face.]
Ethnic, eth'nik, Ethnical, eth'nik-al, adj., relating
to a nation or people; concerning nations or
races; pertaining to the heathen. [L. ethnicus;
Gr. ethnikos, from ethnos, a nation.]
ethnography, etn-nogra-fi, ., a description of the
nations of the earth. [Gr. ethnos, and graphs,
to describe. ]adj. ethnographic.
ethnology, eth-nol'o-ji, n., the science that treats of
the varieties of the human race. [Gr. ethnos,
and logos, an accountlegd, to speak.]adj.
ethnolog'icaL-adv. ethnologically.
Etiolate, e'ti-o-lat, v.t. to become white or whiter;
to be blanched by excluding the light of the sun :
to become pale from disease or absence of light.
v.t. to blanch; to cause to grow pale ipr^p.
e'tioliting; Pa.p. fi'tiolated.n. etiola'tion. [Fr.
itioler, old Fr. estioler, to become slender, prob.
from Gcr. stiel, stalk.]
Etiology, e-ti-ol'o-ji, n., the science ofthe causes of
disease. [Gr. aitia, a cause, and logos, an ac
countlegS, to speak.]
Etiquette, et-i-ker/, n. orig. a ticket on which the
forms to be observed at court on particular
occasions were inscribed ; forms of ceremony or
decorum; ceremony. [Fr.] See Ticket.
Etymon, er/i-mon, n., the true origin of a word;
ftte, far ; mi, her ; mine ;
Evacuate
an original root ; the genuine or literal sense of
a word. [Gr.etymos, eteos, true.]
etymology, et-i-mol'o-ji, an accountoftheetymons
or true origin of words ; the science that treat-,
of the origin and history of words : the part of
Grammarrelating to inflection.a</y.etyinoiog icaJ.
adv. etymolog ically. [Gz. etymon, and logos, an
account.]
etymologist, et-i-mol'o-jist, ., one skilled in or who
writes on etymology.
Eucharist, uTca-rist, n. orig. the giving of thanks ;
the sacrament ofthe Lord's Supper.adjs. eacha-
riit'lc, eaeharlst'lcaL [Gr. eucharistiaeu, wclJ,
and cJtaris, grace, thanks.]
Eulogium, Q-lOji-um, Eulogy, ulo-ji, n., a speaking
wellof; praise ; a speech or writing in praise of.
[Gr. eulogiaeu, well, and logos, a speaking.]
enloglc, Q-Ioj'ik, euloglcal, Q-Ioj'ik-al, adj., contain
ing eulogy or praise.adv. eulog'lcally.
eulogise, uTo-jTz, v.t., to speak ivell of; to praise :
Pr'p. eulogising ; Pa.p. eulogised,
eulogist, Qlo-jist, one who praises or extols
another.adj. eulogist'le, full of praise.adv.
eulogist'ically.
Eunuch, u'nuk, m., a guardian of the couch; a
castrated man appointed to this office in the East.
[Gr. eunouchoseuni, a couch, and echS, to have
charge of.]
eunuchism, Q'nuk-izm, the state of being a
eunuch.
Eapepty, u-pep'si, good digestionopposed to
Dyspepsy. [Gr. cufvfisiaeu, well, ana Pepsis,
digestion, from Pessd, peptff, to digest-}adj.
eupep'tic, havinggood digestion.
Euphemism, u'fem-izm, n. lit a speaking well ; a
soft or pleasing term employed to express what
is disagreeable.adj. euphemlst'tc. [Gr. euphi-
mismoseu, well, andphimi, to speak.]
Euphony, Q'fo-ni, anagreeable sound; a pleasing,
easy pronunciation. [Fr. euphonic, Gr. euphdnia
eu, well, and phbni, sound.]
euphonic, Q-fon'ik, euphonical, 'ik-al, euphonious, Q-fO'-
ni-us, adj.. Pertaining to euphony; agreeable in
sound.adv. euphoniously.
euphonise, Q'fon-Tz, v.t., to make euphonious;
Pr.p. eu'phonlsing ; pa.p. eu'phonlsed.
Euphrasy, Q'fra-zi, n. in bat., the plant Eye-bright,
formerly regarded as beneficial in disorders of
the eyes. [Gr. euphrasia, delight, from cufhrainfi,
to cheereu, well, phrin, the heart.]
Euphuism, Q'fu-izm, n. an affectation of excessive
refinement of language ; a high-flown expression.
. eu'phaist.adj. euphulsVlc. [from Euphues,
a book by Lyly in time of Q. Elizabeth, which
brought the style into vogue-Gr. euphyis, grace
fuleu, well, phyi, growthphyS, to produce.]
Euroclydon, u-rokli-don, n. a tempestuous south
east wind raising great waves in the Mediter
ranean Sea. [Gr. euros, the south-east wind,
and klydOn, a wave, from klyzd, to dash over.]
European, O-rO-pfi'an, adj., belonging to Europe.
n. a native or inhabitant of Europe.
Eurythmy, u'rith-mi, n. lit. good rhythm ; just pro
portion or symmetry in anything. [Gr. eurytk-
miaeu, well, and rythmos, measured motion.]
Euthanasia, il-than-S'zi-a, Euthanasy, Q-than'a-si, .,
an easy, pleasant mode of death, [Gr. euthan
asiaeu, well, and thanatos, death.]
Evacuate, C-vak'Q-at, v.t., to make vacant ozempty ;
to throw out the contents of ; to discharge : to
mOte ; mate ; mOon ; then.
 evacuation evolution
withdraw from :Pr.p. Cvac'Gatjng ; Pa.p. evnc'O- eventful, c'-venffool, adj.,full or fruitful ofevents.
ated. [L. e, out, vacuo, vacuattts, to empty eventual, 6-vent'u-al, adj. happening as a conse
vaco, to be empty.]
evacuation, C-valc-Q-a'shun, act ofemptying out; quence, ultimate or final.adv. event'naUy,
finally ; at length.
a withdrawing from: that which is discharged. Ever, ev'cr, adv. lit duringan age; always; eter
evacnater, e-vak'Q-at-or, ., one who evacuates ; in nally ; at any time ; in any degree. [A.S. afer,
law, one who nullifies or makes void. always; Ice.ae/i; L.anmm; Gr. aiSn, an age.]
Evade, e-vad', v.t., to go away from; to escape evergreen, ev'cr-gre'n, adj., tver or alwaysgreen.
artfully ; to avoid cunningly '.Pr.p. evading ; n. a plant that remains green all the year.
Pa.p, eVad'cd. [L. evadoe, out, vado, to go.] everlasting, cv-er-lasting, adj., lasting for .
evasion, 6-vi'zhun, ., act of evading or eluding ; endless; perpetual; eternal.n. eternity.-
an attempt to escape the force of an argument everlastingly.n. everlast lngness.
or accusation : an excuse.
evasive, e-va'siv, adj., that evades or seeks to evermore, ev-er-moV, adv., morefor ever;
ingly ; eternally.
evade ; not straightforward ; shuffling.adv. every, ev'er-i, adj., each one ofa number; all t__
eva stvely.. eva siveness. separately. [A.S. atfer, ever, aelc, each.]
Evanescent, ev-an-es'ent, adj., vanishing; liable to everywhere, cv'er-i-hwar, adv., in every place.
pass away; fleeting; imperceptible.adv. evan- Evict, Eviction. Sec under Evince.
esc'ently.n. evanese'ence. [L. cvatteseetts, -cutis Evident, erf-dent, adj., that is visible or can be
e, and vanesco, to vanishvanus, empty. ] seen ; clear to the mind ; obvious.adv. evi
Evangelic, fi-van-jelik, evangelical, 5-van-jel'ik-aI, dently, in New Test., visibly. [L. evidens,
adj., belonging to or consisting of good tidings ; -entise, and video, to sec.)
relating to the four gospels ; according to the evidence, evi-dens, n., state ofbeing evident : that
doctrine of the gospel ; maintaining the truth which makes evident; proof or testimony; a
taught in the gospel.adv. evangel'lcaily. n. witness.v.t. to render evident; to prove;
evangel'lcftlneu. [L. evangelicus; Or. euang- Pr.p. evidencing ; pa.p. evidenced.
gelikoseu, well, and anggclld, to bring news.j evidential, ev-i-densha.1, adj.,furnishing evidence;
evangelicUm, 6-van-jel'i-sirm, n., evangelical prin tending to prove.adv. evidentially.
ciples.
evangelise, 5-van'jel-Tz, v.t., to make known the Evil, fi'vl, adj. wicked ; bad ; mischievous ; un-
fortunate.<nit'. in an evil manner: badly.nm
good news ; to make acquainted with the gospel. that which produces unhappiness or calamity :
v.i, to preach the gospel from place to place : mischief; harm: wickedness; depravity. [A.S.
Pr.p. van'gelTsing ; Pa.p. evan'geltsed.
evangelisation, e-van-jel-i-zii shun, n., act of evan evil-doer,Dutch,
yfel ; evel; Ger. iibel.\ See M.
e'vl-dOD-er, n., one who does evil.
gelising or proclaiming the gospel. evil-eye, vl-T, *. a supposed power to cause evil
evangelist, 6-van'jel-ist, n., one who evangelises; or harm by the look of the eye.
one of the four writers of the gospels ; an assist evll-favourednen, e-vl-fuvurd-ness, n. in B., ugli
ant of the apostles ; one authorised to preach. ness, deformity.
raporate, 6-vap'or-at, v.i., tofly offin vapour; to evil-minded, c*vl-mtnd-ed, adj., inclined to evil;
pass into an invisible state.v.t. to convert into malicious ; wicked.
steam or gas :~-pr.p. cvap'orating ; Pa.p. evap'or- evil-speaking, C'vl-spek-ing, ., t/ie speaking ofevil;
fited. [L. e, off,vaporo, -aturnvapor, vapour.] slander. [evil.
evaporable, 5-vap'or-a-bl, adj., able to be evapor evil-worker, c'vl-wurk-cr, n., one who works or does
ated or converted into vapour. Evince, e-vins', v.t. lit. to conquer completely; to
evaporation, c-vap-or-a'shun, n., act ofevaporating prove beyond doubt ; to shew clearly ; to make
or passing off in steam or gas. evident:pr.p. evincing ; Pa.p. evinced'. [L.
Evasion, Evasive. See under Evade. evincoe, inten., and vinco, to conquer.]
Eve, ev. Even, gv'n, ., the going away of the day ; evincible, C-vinsi-bl, adj., capable of being evinced
or made evidentadv. evinc'lbly.
the nightbefore a dayofnote; the timejustpreced evincive,
ing a great event [A.S. ofen; "Dutch, avend; Ger. fr-vinsiv, adj., tending to evince, prove, or
abend, the sinking of the day, from ab, away.]
_ , evn'ing, n., the sinking of the day ; the evict, e-vikr/f v.t. lit. to conquer completely ; to dis
close of the daytime : the decline or end of life. possess by law ; to expel from ',pr.p. evicting ;
Pa.p. evicted.
even-eong,eVn-song,tt. the eveningservlcc in church, eviction,
so called because formerly chanted or sung. e-vik'shun, n., the act of evicting from
even-tide, eVn-tTd, n., the tide or time ofevening, house or lands ; the lawful recovery of lands.
Evan, eVn, adj., equal; level; uniform : parallel ; Eviscerate, e-vis'ser-at, v.t., to tear out the viscera
equal on both sides; not odd, able to be divided or bowels:~pr.p. ivis'cerit.ing; pa.p. evis'cer-
by a without a remainder. [A.S. afen; Dutch, ated. [L. e, out, and viscera, the bowels.] n,
even ; Ger. ebenebenen, to make smooth ; allied eviscera tlon.
to L. a>quus, equal.]adv. eVenly.. eVenness. Evoke, 6-vOk', v.t., to call out; to draw out or
even, eVn, v.t., to make even or smooth.adv. bring forth '.pr.p. evoking ; fia.p. evoked'. [L.
exactly so ; indeed ; so much as ; still, evocoe, out, and voco, to call.]
even-handed, eVn-hand-ed, adj., with an equal, Evolve, g-volv', v.t., to roll out or unroll; to dis
fair, or impartial hand; just,
even-minded, CVn-mTnd-cd, having an even or close
v.i.
; to develop ; to throw out ; to unravel.
to disclose itself '.Pr.p. evolving ; Pa.p.
calm mind; equable. Cvolved'. [L. evolvo~~e, out, volvo, to roll.]
Evening. Sec under Eve. evolution, ev-o-lu'shun, the act of unrolling or
Event, 5-vent/, n., that which comes out or happens ; infolding; gradual working out or development;
the result; any incident or occurrence. [L. series of things unfolded ; in arith. and alg.,
eventusevenioe, out, and venio, to come.] he extraction of roots : the orderly movements
fate, far; mC, her; mine; mCtc ; mate; mCDn ; Men.
163
 evolutionist
of a body of troops or of ships of war.adj.
evolu tionary, pertaining to evolution.
evolutionist, ev-oI-Q'shun-ist, ., one skilled in evol
utions or military movements.
Evulsion, -vul'shun, n,, a plucking out by force.
[L. e, out, and vello, vulsus, to pluck.]
Ewe, a, . a female sheep. [A.S. eowu; L. ovis l
Gr. ols; Sans, avi, a sheep.]
Ewer, O'er, n., a largejug placed on a wash-stand
to hold water. [A-S. hwer ; Fr. aiguiire, a
water vessel, from L. aqua, water.]
Exacerbate, egz-as'er-bat, v.t., to make acrid or
harsh; toimbitter: to provoke: to render more
violent or severe, as a disease :pr.p. exae'erbat-
ing ; pa.p. exae'erbatcd. [L. exacerbo, cxacer-
batusex, and acerbo, from acerbus, bitter. See
Acerbity. ]
exacerbation, egz-as-cr-bu'shun, exacerbescence, egz-
as-er-bes'ens, n. increase of irritation or violence,
esp. the increase of a fever or disease.
Exact, egz-akt\ adj. lit. pressed out to a standard
or measure ; precise ; careful ; punctual : true ;
certain or demonstrable.adv. exactly.. ex
actness. [L. exactus, pa.p. of exigo, to drive
out, to measureex, and ago, to drive, to do. ]
exact, egz-akt', v.t., toforcefrom; to compel full
payment of; to make great demands or to
demand urgently ; to extort.v.i. to practise
extortion '.Pr.p. exact'ing ; Pa.p. exact'ed.
exaction, egz-ak'shun, ., the act of exacting or
demanding strictly ; a levying _ unjustly : an
oppressive demand ; that which is exacted, as
excessive work or tribute.
Exaggerate, egz-aj'er-at, v.t., to heap up; to mag
nify unduly ; to represent too strongly :pr.p.
exaggerating ; Pa.p. exaggerated. [L. exag-
gero, exaggeratusex, and aggero, to heap up
agger> a heap. ]
exaggerative, egz-aj'er-5t-iv, exaggeratory, egz-aj'er-
a-tor-i, adj., containing exaggeration or tending
to exaggerate.
exaggeration, egz-aj-er-S'shun, n. , tfteact ofheaping
up ; extravagant representation ; a statement in
excess of the truth.
Exalt, egz-awlr', v.t., to raise very high; to elevate
to a higher position : to elate or fill with the joy
of success ; to praise or extol : in chem., to
refine or subtilise \pr.p. exalting; pa.p. ex
alted.n. exalt'edneas. [L.exaltoex, and alius,
grown great by nourishing, high, from alo, to
nourish ; Gr. altfid, to cause to grow.]
exaltation, egz-awlt-fi shun, ., the act ofexalting:
elevation in rank or dignity ; high estate.
Examine, egz-am'in, v.t., lit. to test by a balance;
to test ; to scrutinise ; to inquire into ; to ques
tion:pr.p. examining ; Pa.p. exam'incd. LL.
examen, the tongue of a balance.]
examination, egz-am-i-na'shun, n., act of examin
ing; careful search or inquiry ; trial.
examiner, egz-amln-er, n., one who examines.
Example, egz-am'pl, ., that which is taken out as a
sample or specimen of the rest, or as an illustra
tion of a rule, &c. : the person or thin^to be imi
tated or avoided; a pattern; a warning: a for
mer instance ; a precedent. [L. exempium
eximo, to take out-v-r, out of, and emo, to take.]
exemplar, egz-em'plar, ., an example; a person or
thing to be imitated ; the ideal model of an artist.
exemplary, cgz'cm-plar-i, adj., servingfor an ex
emplar or example; worthy of imitation or
notice; commendable.adv. ex'emplartly.
fate, far; mc*, h6r; mine;
l6d
Exchange
exemplify,egz-em'pli-fT,p./.f togive as an example;
to illustrate by example : to make an attested
copy of; to prove by an attested copy:Pr.p.
exemplifying ; Pa.p. exemplified. [L. exemp
ium, andfacio, to do or make.]
exemplification, egz-em-pli-fi-ka'shun, ., act of ex
emplifying: that which exemplifies; a copy or
transcript.
Exasperate, cgz-as'per-St, v.t., to make very rough
or angry ; to irritate in a high degree ; to imbit-
ter:pr.p. exas'periling ; Pa.p. exas'perated.
[L. ex, intensive, and aipero, to make rough
asper, rough.]
exasperation, cgz-as-per-5'shun, n.} act of exasper
ating ox irritating: state of being exasperated:
provocation ; rage ; aggravation.
Excavate, ekslca-vat, v.t., to make a cavity in, to
hollow or scoop out :pr.p. ex'cavating ; pa.p.
ex'cavated. (L. excavoex, out, cavus, noflow.]
excavation, eks-ka-va'shun, ., act of excavating:
a hollow or cavity made by excavating.
excavator, ekslca-va-tor, ., one who excavates.
Exceed, eks-se"d', v.t., to go beyond the limit or
measure of; to surpass or excel.v.i. to go
beyond a given or proper limit '.Pr.p, exceed'-
ing; Pa.p. exceeded. [L. ex, beyond, cedo,
cessutn, to go.]
exceeding (obs.)f exceedingly, eks-sedlng-Ii, adv., in
an exceeding degree ; very much ; grcady.
excess, eks-ses , ., state of exceeding; a going
beyond what is usual, or proper ; intemper
ance : that which exceeds ; the degree by which
one thing exceeds another.
excessive, eKs-ses'iv, adj., shewing excess; beyond
the ordinary or any particular degree, or limit ;
beyond what is right and proper: immoderate;
violent.adv. excessively.n. excetalveness.
Excel, cks-sel', v.t., to rise beyond; to exceed ; to
surpass.v.i. to have good qualities in a high
degree; to perform very meritorious actions;
to be superior :pr.p. excelling ; pa.p. excelled'.
[L. excelloex, out, up, and a root cello, same
as Gr. kelld, to drive, to urge.]
excellent, ek'scl-Ient, adj., excelling; surpassing
others in some good quality; of great virtue,
worth,&c. ; superior ; valuable.adv. ex'cellently.
[L. excellens, -entisexcello.]
excellence, ek'sel-Iens, excellency, ek'sel-Ien-si,
state or quality of being excellent; great merit:
any excelleut quality ; worth ; greatness : a title
of honour given to persons high in rank or office.
Except, ek-sept', v.t., to take or leave out; to ex
clude.v.t. to object:pr.p. excepting; Pa.p.
except'ed. [L. excipio, execptumex, out, and
capio, to take.]
except,ek-sept/, excepting, ek-scptlng, Prep.,leaving
out; excluding; but.
exception, ek-sep'shun, ., act of excepting: that
which is excepted : exclusion ; objection ; offence.
exceptionable, ek-scp'shun-a-bl, adj., liable to ex
ception; objectionable.
exceptional, ck-scp'shun-al, adj., forming an ex
ception ; peculiar.
exceptive, ck-sept'iv, adj., including, making, or
being an exception.
exceptor, ek-sept'or, ., one who excepts or objects.
Excerpt, ek-serpt', n. a passage picked out or se
lected from a book, an extract. [L. execrptum,
pa.p. of excerpoex, out, and carpo, to pick.]
Excess, Excessive, Sec. See Exceed.
Exchange, eks-chanj', v.t., to change from one to
mOte ; mute; mGon ; then.
 exchange excusatory
another ; to give or leave one place or thing for excogitation, cks-koj-i-ta'shun, n., act ofexcogitat
another ; to give and take mutually ; to barter. ing; invention ; contrivance.
[Fr. {changerex, from, and root of Change.]
exchange, eks-ch5nj', ., act of exchanging or of Excommunicate, eks-kom-mun'i-kUt, v. t. , to put out
giving and taking one thing for another; barter : of to
or expel from the communion of the church ;
deprive of church privileges. [L. ex, out of,
the thing exchanged ; process by which accounts and communicate.]
between distant parties are settled by bills instead excommunication, eks-kom-mun-i-k2'shun, ., act
of money ; the difference between the value of of excommunicating or expelling from the com
money in different places : the place where mer munion of a church.
chants, &c. meet for business.
exchangeable, cks-chanj a-bl, adj., capable of Being Excoriate, cks-ko'ri-at, v.t. to strip the skin from:
PrP> cxcO'riating; Pa.p. cxcO'riated. [L. ex-
exchanged.n. exchangeabil ity. corio, excoriatusex, from, corium, the skin.]
exchanger, eks-chanj'er, ., one who exchanges or Excrement. See under Excrete.
practises exchange : in ., a money-changer, a Excrescence, eks-kres'ens, n., that which grows
banker.
Exchequer, eks-chck'er, n. a superior court which out unnaturally from anything else ; an out
had formerly to do only with the revenue, but break [L.
; a wart or tumour ; a superfluous part.
excrescoex, out, and cresco, to grow.]
now also with common law, so named from the
checkered cloth which formerly covered the table, excrescent,fluous.
eks-kres'ent, adj., growing out ; super
and on which the accounts were reckoned.v.t.
to proceed against a person in the court of ex Excrete, eks-kreV, v.t., to separate from, or dis
chequer'.Pr.p.excheo/ueringifa.ft.exchcq'uered. charge; to eject '.Pr.p. excreting ; Pa.p. ex-
creVeos [L. ex, from, and cerno, cretus, to
[from root of Check, checker.] separate.]
Excise, cks-sTz', n. lit. a part cut off"; a tax on cer excretion,
tain home commodities and on licences for certain from thecks-kr'shun, n., act ofexcreting matter
animal system ; that which is excreted.
trades.v.t. to subject to excise duty '.pr.p. ex excretive, eks-krC'tiv,
cising ; Pa.p. excised'. [L. excido, excisusex, excretory, elcs-krS'tor-i, adj.,ableadj., to excrete.
having the quality oj
off, and cado, to cut] excreting.n. a duct or vessel that helps to
exciseman, eks-slz'man, n.t an officer charged with receive and excrete matter.
collecting the excise.
etxcialon, ek-sizh'un, ., a cutting out or offof any creted; useless matter discharged fromis ex
excrement, eksTtr-ment, ., that which
the
kind; extirpation; destruction. animal system ; dung.adj. excrament'ai. [L.
Excite, ck-sir/, v.t., to call or make to move out or rxerementurnexcerno, excretus.]
forth l to call into activity ; to stir up; to rouse ; excrementitloui, eks-krfi-mcn-tish'us, adj., pertain-
to irritate.. exeU'er.adv. excit'ingly. [L. ing to, consisting of, or containing excrement.
ex, out, and root of Cite.]
excitable, ck-slr/a-bl, adj., capable of being, or Excruciate, eks-kro"o'shi-3t, v.t., to torture as if on
a cross; to rack:pr.p. excru'ciSting ; pa.p.
easily excited.n. excitabil ity. I excrG'ciated. [L. ex, out, and crucio, cructatm,
excitant, ck-slr'ant, or ek', ., that which excites or to crucifycrux, crueis, a cross.]
rouses the vital activity ofthe body ; a stimulant. excruciation, cks-kroTJ-shi-a'shun, ., act of excru
excitation, ek-sIt'S-shun, ., act ofexciting. ciating; torture; vexation.
excitative, ek-slr'a-tiv, excitatory, ck-slt'a-tor-i, adj., Exculpate, eks-kul'p&t, v.t. to clear from the
tending to excite.
excitement, ek-sItWnt, ., act of exciting: state charge cate
of afault or crime ; to absolve ; to vindi
:Pr.p. cxcul'pSting ; pa.p. cxcul'pSted. [L.
of being excited ; agitation: that which excites. exculpo, exculpafusex, from, culpa, a fault ]
Exclaim, eks-klam', v.i., to cry out; to utter or exculpation, eks-kul-pa'shun, n., act ofexculpating
speak vehemently :/*-./. exclaim'ing; fta.p. ex or excusing.
claimed'. [L. ex, out, clamo, to shout.] exculpatory, eks-kul'pa-tor-i, adj., exculpating or
exclamation, eks-kla-m&'shun, n., act ofexclaiming ; freeing from the charge of fault or crime.
vehement utterance ; outcry: that which is cried
out ; an uttered expression of surprise, and the Excursion, eks-kur'shun, n. lit., a running out; a
like ; the mark expressing this { ! ) ; an interjection. going
or
forth ; an expedition ; a trip for pleasure
health : a wandering from the main subject ;
exclamatory, eks-klam'a-tor-i, adj., containing or a digression. [L. excursioex, out, and curro,
expressing exclamation. cursum, to run. ]
Exclude, eks-klOOd', v.t., to close or shut out; excnrstonlst, eks-kur'shun-!st,
to thrust out; to hinder from entrance: to an excursion or pleasure-trip.., one who goes en
hinder from participation ; to except :Pr.p. excursive, eks-kur'siv, adj. , prone to make excur
excluding; pa.p. cxclfld'ed. [L. excludeex, sions; rambling; deviating. adv. excursively.
out, and claudo, to shut.] . excur'iiveness.
exclusion, cks-klt>6'zhun, . , act of excluding; a Excuse, eks-kuY, v.t. lit. to free from a cause or
shutting or putting out : ejection ; exception.
excluslonlit, eks-klGu zhun-ist, n. , one who excludes, accusation; to free from blame or guilt; to
forgive : to free from an obligation ; to release :
or would exclude another from a privilege. to make an apology or ask pardon for :Pr.p.
exclusive, cks-klOT'siv, adj., excluding; able or excusing; Pa.p. excQscd'. [L. excusoex, from,
tending to exclude ; debarring from participa causor, to pleadcausa, a cause, an accusation. .
tion; sole; not taking into account.n. one of excuse, eks-kuY, n., that which
a nurtibcr who exclude others from their society. offered in extenuation of a fault.excuses; a pica
adv. exclu eively.n. excln'slveneai. excusable, cks-kuz'a-bl, adj. , worthy of being
Excogitate, eks-koj'i-tat, v.t., to cogitate or think excused; admitting of justification.
out; to discover by thinking. \h. cx, out, and excusatory, eks-kuYa-tor-i, adj., making or con
Cogitate.] taining excuse.
fate, far ; mc, her ; mine ; mute; mule; mOon ; then.
 Execrate
Execrate, cks'e-Icrut, v.t. lit. to excludefrom what
is sacred; to curse ; to denounce evil against ;
to detest utterly '.pr.p. execrating ; Pa.p. ex'e-
cr&tcd. [L. exsecror, exsecratus, to curseex,
from, and sacer, sacred.]
execration, eks-e-kra'shun, n., act of execrating :
a curse pronounced : that which is execrated.
execrable, cks'e-krabl, adj., deserving- to be exe
crated; detestable ; accursed.adv. ex'ecrably.
Execute, cks'5-kQt, v.t* lit. tofollow out to the end:
to complete ; to give effect to : to carry into
effect the sentence of the law ; to put to death
by law:Pr.p.
ex'ecuter. eVfcfltingL.; pa.p.
[Fr. ex/cuter, ex'ecuted.n.
exsequor, exsccutus
ex, out, and sequor, to follow.]
execution, eks-6-kushun, act of executing or
performing ; accomplishment ; completion : carry
ing into effect the sentence of a court of law : the
warrant for so doing.
executioner, cks-fi-ku'shun-er, n., one who executes,
esp. one who inflicts capital punishment.
executive, egz-ek'Q-tiv, adj., that executes ; de
signed or fitted to execute ; active : aualifying
for or pertaining to the execution of the law.
adv. exec utively. [Fr. executif]
executive, egz-ek'Q-tiv, . the power or authority
in government that carries the laws into effect ;
the persons who administer the government.
executor, egz-ek'Q-tor, one who executes or per
forms ; the person appointed to see a will carried
into effect.-fern, executrix.n. executorship.
executory, cgz-ek'fl-tor-i, adj., executing official
duties ; designed to be carried into effect.
exequies, eks'c-kwiz, .//., thefollowing a corpse;
a funeral procession ; the ceremonies of burial.
tL. exsequueex, out, sequor, to follow.]
Exegesis, eks-tJ-je'sis, n., a leading ox bringing out
of the meaning, exposition; the science of inter
pretation, esp. of the Scriptures. [Gr. exfgesis
exfgeomaiex, out, higeomaiago, to lead.]
exegetlc, eks-C-jetlk, exegetlcal,eks-e-jet'ik-al,a^'.,
pertaining to exegesis; explanatory.adv.
exeget'lcaily.n.sing. exeget'lea, the science of
exegesis.
Exemplar, Exemplary, Exemplify, &c. See under
Example.
Exempt, egz-emt', v.t., to buy or take out; to free, or
grant immunity from :pr.p. exempting ; Pa.p.
exempt'cd.adj. taken out ; not liable to ; re-
lcasea. [L. eximo, exemptusex, out, and etno,
to take, to buy.]
exemption, egz-em'shun, n., act of exempting;
state of being exempt ; freedom from any service,
duty, &c; immunity. [L. exemptio.\
Exequies. See under Execute.
ExercUe, eks'er-slz, v.t. lit to drive out of an
enclosure, to drive on i to set in action : to train
by use; to improve by practice : to afflict: to put
in practice ; to use:Pr.p. exercising;Pa.p. exer
cised. [L. exerceoex, out, and arceo, to drive.]
exercise, ekser-sTs, n., act ofexercising; a setting
in action ; a putting in practice : exertion of the
body for health or amusement; discipline; a
lesson or task.
Exert, cgz-ert', v.t., to thrust out; to bring into
active operation ; to do or perform :pr.p. cxert'-
ing ; pa.p. exert ed. [h. exscro, exsertumex,
out, and sero, to join.)
exertion, egz-cr'shun, n.} act ofexerting; a bring
ing into active operation ; effort; attempt.
Exfoliate, cks-foli-at, V.t. lit. to strip offin leaves ;
fate, far ; mC, her ; mine ;
exigence
to come off in scales '.Pr.p. exfoliating ; Pa.p.
exfoliated. [L. exfolio, exfoliatusex, off, and
folium, a leaf.]n. exfolla'tlon.
Exhale, egz-hal', v.t., to breathe out ; to emit or send
out, as vapour ; to evaporate.v.t. to rise or be
given off, as vapour :pr.p. exhaling ; Pa.p. ex
haled'. [L. ex, out, halo, haiatus, to breathe.]
exhalation, egz-hal-a'shun, act or process of
exhaling; evaporation : that which is exhaled ;
vapour; steam. [L. exhalatio.]
Exhaust, egz-haust', v.t., to dranv out the whole of;
to use the whole strength of; to wear or tire out :
to treat ofor develop completely :Pr.p. exhaust'-
ing ; pa.p. exhausted. [L. exhaurio, exhaustus
ex, out, and haurio, to draw.]
exhausted, cgz-hausr/cd, adj., drawn out; emptied ;
consumed; tired out.
exhauster, egz-haust'er, *:., he who or that which
exhausts.
exhaustible, cgz-haust'i-bl, adj., that may Be ex
hausted.
exhaustion, egz-haust'yun, ., act of exhausting,
or consuming : state of being exhausted ; extreme
fatigue.
exhaustive, egz-haust/iv, adj., tending to exhaust.
exhauatleam, egz-haustles, adj., that cannot be
exhausted.
Exhibit, egz-hib'it, v.t., to holdforth or present to
view ; to present formally or publicly :Pr.p. ex
hibiting; fa.p. exhibited. [L. exhibeo, exhibi-
tumex, out, habeo, habitum, to have or hold.]
exhibitor, exhibitor, egz-hiblt-er, u., one who ex
hibits.
exhibition, eks-hi-bish'un, ., act of exhibiting;
presentation to view ; display ; a public show,
esp. of works of art, manufactures, &c : that
which is exhibited : an allowance or bounty to
scholars in a university. [L. exhibition
exhibitioner, cks-hi-bish'un-er, n., one who enjoys
an exhibition or benefaction.
exhibltory, egz-hib'it-or-i, adj., exhibiting.
Exhilarate, egz-hil'a-rfit, v.t. to make hilarious or
merry; to enliven; to cheer:Pr.p. exhirarat-
ing ; pa.p. exhil'arated. [L. exhilaro, exhilar-
atusex, intensive, hilaris, cheerful.]
exhilarating, egz-hil'a-rat-ing, adj., making merry ;
cheering ; gladdening.adv. exbil'arattngly.
exhilarant, egz-hila-rant, adj., exhilarating ; ex
citing joy, mirth, or pleasure.
exhilaration, egz-hil-a-ra'shun, n., act of exhila
rating or making cheerful : state of being ex
hilarated; joyousness; gladness.
Exhort, egz-hort', v.t., to urge strongly to good
deeds, esp. by words or advice ; to animate ; to
advise or warn :pr.p. exhorting; pa.p. ex-
horr/ed. [L. exhortor, exhortatusex, inten
sive, and hortor, to urge.]
exhortation, cks-hor-ta'shun, n., act or practice
of exhorting to laudable deeds; language in
tended to exhort ; counsel. [L. exhortatw.\
exhortative, egz-hor'ta-tiv, exhortatory, egz-horla-
tor-i, adj., tending to exhort or advise.
Exhume, eks-hum', v.t. to take out of the ground,
or place of burial ; to disinter : Pr.p. exhuming :
Pa.p. exhumed'. [L. ^x,outof,A*miw,theground.]
exhumation, cks-hQ-ma'shun, n., act ofexhuming;
disinterment.
Exigent, eksl-jent, adj., exacting or driving out ;
demanding immediate attention or action ; press
ing. [L. exigensexigoex, out, ago, to drive.]
exigence, cks'i-jcns, exigency, eksl-jen-si, rt., state
mOte ; mute ; moon ; Men.
 Exile Expedience
ofbeing exigent or urgent; pressing necessity; adj., external; fit to be communicated to the?
urgent need; emergency; distress. public or multitude ;opposed to Esoteric [Gr.
Exile, eks'Il, n. state of being sent out of one's exdterikosexd, without.]
native soil or country ; expulsion from home ; Exotic, egz-ofik, adj., onhvard; introduced from
banishment : one away from his native country.
v.t. to expel from one's native country, to. asomething foreign country.n. anything offoreign origin ;
not native to a country, as a plant,
banish '.pr.p. exiling; Pa.p. ex'iled. [Fr. extl &c. [Gr. exotikosexd, outward.]
L. exultant, banishment, exul, an exileex, exotica!, egz-ot/ik-al, adj. same as Exotic
out of, and solum, soil, land : or from root sol = Expand, eks-pand'f v.t., to spread out ; to open or
sed, a scat, and thus = one who is out of his seat.] lay open ; to enlarge in bulk or surface.v.t. to
Exist, egz-isr', v.t. lit. to stand out; to have an become opened ; to enlarge :pr.p. expanding ;
actual being; to live; to continue to be :fr.p. pa.p. cxpand'ed. [L. exfiandoex, out, and
existing; pa.p. exisr/ed. [L. exista, exsisto Pando,pausus, to spread.]
ex, out, and sisio, to stand.]
existence, egz-ist'ens, n., state ofexisting or being ; expanse, cks-pans", n., that which is expanded or
spread out ; a wide extent of space or body ; the
continued being ; life : anything that exists ; a firmament.
being. [L. exutens, -entis, pr.p. ofexisto.) ^
existent, cgz-ist'ent, adj.t havingexistence or being. expansible, eks-pan'si-bl, adj., capable of being
Exit, eks'it, . lit. he goes out, orig. a direction in expanded expan'slbly.
or extended.n. expansibil ity.adv.
play-books to an actor to go on the stage ; the expansion, cks-pan'shun, act 0/ expanding;
departure of a player from the stage ; any de state of being expanded ; enlargement : that
parture ; a way of departure ; a passage out ; a which is expanded ; immensity.
quitting of the world's stage, or life ; death. [L. expansive, eks-pan'siv, adj., able or tending to
exit, 3d pers, sing. pres. of exeo, to go outex, expand ; widely extended ; diffusive.adv. x-
out, and eo, Hum, to go.] pan'slvely.n. expan'tireneea.
Exodu, eks'oKlus, n., a going out or departure, Expatiate, eks-pa'shi-at, v.t. lit. to wander out of
esp. that ofthe Israelites from Egypt ; the second the space or course ; to range at large ; to enlarge
book of the Old Testament narrating this event. in discourse, argument, or writing :Pr.p. ex-
[I,. ; Gr. exodosex, out, and kodos, a way.] pa'tiSting; Pa.p. expatriated. [L. exspatior, ex-
Exogen, eks'o-jcn, n. a plant belonging to the great spatiatusex, out of, and spatium, space.]
class that increases by layersgrmvingon tlic out expatlatlon, eks-pa-shi-a'shun, ., act of expatiat
side of the wood. [Fr. exogrneGr. exd, outside, ing or enlarging in discourse.
and gen, root ofgennaS, to produce.]
exogenous, eks-oj'e-nus, adj., pertaining io exogen* Expatriate, eks-pa'tri-at, v.t. to send out of one's
or plants that grow on the outside ; growing by fatherland pr.p.
or native country ; to banish or exile :
expa'triating; Pa.p. expatriated. [L. ex,
successive additions to the outside. out of, patria, fatherland;pater, a father.]
Exonerate, egz-on'er-at, v.t. to freefrom the burden expatriation, eks-pa-tri-a*shun, act ofexpatriat
of any blame, or obligation ; to acquit '.Pr.p. ing; exile, voluntary or compulsory.
exon'erSting; Pa.p. exonerated. [L. exonetv, Expect, cks-pekt', v.t., to look outfor; to wait for;
exoneratusex, from, onus, oneris, a burden.]
exoneration, egz-on-er-JL'shun, ., act of exonerat toto look forward to as something about to happen ;
anticipate ; to hope :Pr.p. cxpect'ing ; Pa.p.
ing or freeing from a charge or blame, expected. [L. ex, out, and specto, intensive,
exonerative, egz-on'er-a-tiv, adj., tending to exon from specio, to look.]
erate ; freeing from a burden or obligation.
Exorbitant, egz-or'bi-tant, adj. lit. going out of the expectance, eks-pekt'ans, expectancy, eks-pckt'an-
orbit or track ; going beyond the usual limits ; si, ., act or state of expecting: that which is
expected : hope.
excessive; extravagant.-adv. exorbitantly. [L.
exorbitant, pr.p. of exorbitoex, out of, and expectant, or waiting
eks-pekt'ant, adj., expecting; looking
for.n. one who expects ; one who is
orbita, a trackorbis, a circle.] looking or waiting for some benefit.
exorbitance, egz-or'bi-tans, exorbitancy, egz-ortn- expectation, eks-pek-ta'shun, n., act or state of
tan-st, state or quality of being exorbitant ; expecting, or of looking forward to as about to
extravagance ; enormity. happen ; prospect of future good : that which is
Exorcise, eks'or-slz, v.t., to adjure by some expected: the ground or qualities
holy name ; to call forth or drive away, as a future benefits or excellence ; promiseanticipating for
; the value
spirit ; to deliver from the influence of an evil of something expected.
spirit :pr.fi. exorcising ; pa.p. exorcised. [Gr. cxpectingly. cks-pekr/ing-li, adv., in a state of
exorkixbex, out, horkizO, to bind by an oath expectation.
horkos, an oath.]
exorcism, eks'or-sizra, act 0/ exorcising or ex Expectorate, cks-pek'to-rat, v.t., to expelfrom the
pelling evil spirits by certain ceremonies. [Fr. breast v.i.
or lungs, by coughing, &c. ; to spit forth.
to discharge or eject phlegm from the
exoreisme ; Gr. exorhismos.] throat :Pr.p. expectorating; Pa.p. expector
exerciser. ek . : - 1/ : . exorcist, eks'or-sist, n., one ated. [L.
who exorcises or ttretends to expel evil spirits from, and pectus, pectoris, expectoro, expectoratusex, out ol,
by adjurations. [Fr. exorciste ; Gr. exorktstes.] expectoration, the breast.]
eks-pek-tc-ra'&hun, ., act ofexpec-
Exordium, cgz-orMi-um, m. lit. the warp 0/ a web, torating: that which ts expectorated ; spittle.
the beginning; the introductory part of a dis expectorative, eks-pek'to-ra-tiv, adj. having the
course or composition. [L.exoraior, to begin a quality ofpromoting expectoration.
webex, out, and ordiar, to weave.] expectorant, eks-pek'to-rant, adj., tending to pro
exordial, egz-or'di-al, adj., pertaining to the exor mote expectoration.h. a medicine which pro
dium. motes expectoration.
Exoteric, eks-o-ter'ik, ExoterlceJ, eks-o-terlk-al. Expedience, &c. Sec under Expedite.
fate, far ; m, her ; mine ; mote ; mate ; BOOn ; then.
t7
 Expedite Exploit
[L. expio, expiatesex,
Expedite, eks'pe'-dTt, v.t. lit. tofree the feet from a appease, atone forplus, pious.] intensive, and pio, to
snare ; to free from impediments ; to hasten ; to expiable, eks'pi-a-bl, adj., capable of being ex
send forth.adj. free from impediment ; quick ; piated, atoned for, or done away.
prompt.adv. ex'peditely. [L. expedio, exj>e- expiation, eks-pi-ashun, n., act of expiating or
ditusex, out, and Pes, pedis, a foot.]
expedition, cks-pe-dish'un, n., t/te quality of being atoning made:
for : the means by which atonement is
atonement. [L. expiatio.)
expedite or speedy ; speed : any undertaking by
a number of persons ; a hostile march or voyage : expiator,
expiatory,
ekspi-a-tor, n., one w/io expiates.
ekspi-a-tor-i, adj., having t/tepower to
those who form an expedition. [L. expedition make expiation or atonement.
expeditions, eks-pe-dish us, adj., characterised by Expire, eks-pTr', v.t., to breathe out; to emit or
expedition or rapidity; speedy; promptadv. throw out from the lungs: to emit in minute
expeditiously.
expedient, cks-pc"'di-cnt, adj., expediting or hasten particles.v.i. to breathe out the breath or life ;
ing forward ; tending to promote an object ; suit to die ; to come to an end :pr.p. expiring :
able ; advisable.that which serves to promote ; Pa.p. expired'. [L. ex, out, and spiro, to
means suitable to an end ; contrivance.adv* expirable, breathe.]eks-pTr'a-bl, adj. that may expire or
expe'dlently. [L. expedientexpedio.]
expedience, eks-pe'di-ens, expediency, ex-p*'di-cn-si, expiration,
come to an end.
., state or quality of being expedient; fitness ; breathingeks-pi-ra'shun, act of expiring; m.
out ; death ; end : that which is ex
desirableness : self-interest. pired ; exhalation. [L. exsfirutio.]
Expel, eks-pel', v.t., to drive cut front or cut off expiratory, eks-pl'ra-tor-i, adj., pertaining to ex
connection with a society; to banish:Pr.p. piration, or the emission of the breath.
expelling ; Pa.p. expelled'. [L. cxpello, expulsus
ex, out, and Petto, to.,drive.] Explain, eks-plan', v.t. orig. to spread out fiat, or
expulsion, eks-pul'shun, act ofexpelling ; state make plain or flat : to make plain orjntefligible ;
of being expelled ; banishment. [L. exfulsio.} to unfold and illustrate the meaning of; to ct-
expulsive, eks-pul'siv, adj., able or serving to expel. pound;Pr.p. explaining; pa.p. explained'. [L.
Expend, eks-pend', v.t. lit. to weigh out; to lay explainable, expiatioex, out, pianoplanus, plain.]
out ; to employ or consume in any way ; to eks-plan'a-bl, adj., capable ef being
spend '.Pr.p. expending ; explained or cleared up.
expend cd [L. explanation,
expendoex, out, and pendo,pensum, to weigh.] or clearingeks-pla-na'shun, act of" explaining
expenditure, eks-pendl-tur, n., act ofexpending or or clears up ;from the
obscurity: that which explains
meaning or sense given to any
laying out . tiiat which is expended ; money thing: a mutual clearing up of matters,
pent.
expenae, eks-pens', the act or habit of expend plain or clear up; containing explanations.to ex
explanatory, eks-plan'a-tor-i, adj., serving
ing: that which is expended ; outlay; cost.
expensive, eks-pcn'siv, adj., earning or requiring Expletive, eksple-tiv, adj., filling out; added for
much expense ; extravagant.-adv. expensively. ornament or merely to fill up.n. a word or syl
. expen'tlvenesi. lable inserted for ornament or to fill up a vacancy.
Experience, eks-pS'ri-ens, thorough trial of; xpletory, [L. expiettvusex, out, pleo, to fill.]
1
practical acquaintance with any matter, gained eks'plc-tor-i, adj., serving to fill up;
by trial : repeated trial ; lonjj and varied obser expletive.
vation, personal or general : wisdom derived from Explicate, ekspli-kat, v.t., to fold out or unfold ;
the changes and trials of life.v. t. to make trial to lay open or explain the meaning of:Pr.p.
of, or practical acquaintance with ; to prove or explicating ; Pa.p. explicated. [L. exptico, ex
know by use ; to suffer :pr.f. experiencing ; plicates or expticitusex, out, plico, to fold.]
Pa.p, experienced. [L. expenentia, from expe- explicable, cks'pfi-ka-bl, adj., capable of being ex-
riorex, intensive, and old verb Perior, to try.] Plicated, or explained. [L. explicabi/is.)
experienced, cks-pS'ri-cnst, adj., taught by experi explication, eks-pli-ka'shun, n., act of explicating
ence ; skilful ; wise, or explaining ; explanation. [L. explication
experiment, eks-perl-ment, a trial; something explicative, cks'pli-ka-tiv, explicatory, ekspli-ka-
done to prove some theory, or to discover some tor-i, adj., serving to explicate or explain,
thing unknown.v.i. to make an experiment or explicates, ekspli-ka-tor, ., one who explicatet,
trial ; to search by trial :Pr.p. exper!menting ; unfolds, or explains,
pa.p. experimented. [L. expertmenturn, from explicit, cks-plis'it, adj., unfolded, or explained ;
experior.] eks-per-i-ment'al, adj., pertaining to not
experiment*!,
implied merely, but distinctly stated : plain
in language ; clear : unreserved.adv. explicitly.
experiment; founded on or known by experi n. explic'itnes*. [L. explicitus, from explico.]
ment ; taught by experiment or experience.adv. Explode, eks-plod', v.t. orig. to drive an actor/nw
experiment'ally.eks-per-i-ment'al-ist, experimentlit, the stage byclappingofhands, &c. ; to drive out
experimentalist,
cks-perl-ment-ist, n. ,onewho makesexperiments. and with violence and noise ; to bring into disrepute,
expert, eks-pert/, adj., experienced; taught by Pr.p. reject.v.t. to burst with a loud report:
practice; having a familiar knowledge : naving ex, out, exploding; Pa.p. explod'cd. [L. explodo
a facility of performance ; skilful, adroit.n. one explosion, eks-plo'zhun,and plaudo, to clap the hands,]
who is expert or skilled in any art or science ; a sudden violent burst with . , act of exploding; a
scientific or professional witness.adv. expertly. explosive, eks-ploJsiv, adj.t liable a loudtoreport,
or causing ex
n. expert'ness. [L. expertusexperior.] plosion ; bursting out with violence and noise.
Expiate, eks'pi-at, v.t. to annul guilt by subse
quent acts of piety or self-sacrifice ; to make adv. explo'dvely.
complete atonement for ; to make satisfaction or Exploit, cks-ploit', n. lit something unfolded or
openly done ; a deed or achievement, csp. a
reparation for :Pr.p, expiating ;pa.p. expiated
fate, far; me", her; mine; mote; mute; moon; then.
'-3
 Explore
heroic one ; a feat. [Fr. exploitL. explicitum.1
Sec Explicate.
Explore, eks-ploV, v.t. lit. to search out with much
calling or inquiry ; to search through for the pur
pose of discovery ; to examine thoroughly :
fr.p. exploring ; Pa.p. explored'. [L. cxploro,
exploratusex, out, and ploro, to cry.]
explorer. eks-plOVer, . , one who explores.
exploration, eks-plii-ra'shun, ., act of exploring,
or searching thoroughly. [L. exploratio.]
exploratory, elcs-plOr'a-tor-i, adj., serving to ex
plore ; searching out.
Explosion, &c. See under Explode.
Exponent, eks-pO'ncnt, . that which places or sets
out; he or that which points out, or represents;
in alg., a figure which shews how often a quan
tity is to be multiplied by itself, as 3 ; an index.
[L. exponentex, out, and potto, to place.]
exponential, eks-pO-ncn'shal, adj. in alg., pertain
ing to or involving exponents.
Export, cks-pOrr/, v.t., to carry or send out of a
country, as goods in commerce '.pr.p. expSrt'-
ing: Pa.p. expurt'ed.n. export'er. [L. cxporio
ex, out of, and porto, to carry.] See Port.
export, cks'p'Ort, ., act of exporting: that which
is exported ; a commodity which is or may be
sent from one country to another, in traffic.
exportable, eks-pOrt'a-bl, adj., that may be ex
ported.
exportation, eks-pGr-ta'shun, ., act of exporting,
or of conveying goods from one country to
another. [L. exportation
H::poB<\ cks-poV, v.t., to place or layforth to view:
to deprive of cover, protection, or shelter ; to
make bare : to explain : to make liable to ; to
disclose \pr.p. exposing ; pa.p. exposed'.n.
oxpos'er. [Fr. exposerL. expono, cxpositmn*
ex, out, and Pono, to place.]
exposure, eks-pO'zhur, n., act ofexposing or laying
open or bare : state of being laid open or bare ;
openness to danger: position with regard to the
sun, influence ofclimate, &c.
expound, eks-pound', v.t., to expose, or lay open the
meaningof ; to explain :pr.p. expounding ,pa.p.
expound'ed. [old Fr. expondreX,. expono.]
' ir, eks-pound'er, ., one who expounds; an
. eks-pO-zish'un, n., act of exposing, or
laying open ; a setting out to public view ; a pub
lic exhibition : act ofexpounding or laying open
of the meaning of an author ; explanation,
expositor, eks-poz'i-tor, one who or that which
expounds or explains ; an interpreter,
expository, eks-poz'i-tor-i, adj., serving to expound
or explain ; explanatory.
Expostulate, eks-post'u-Iat, V.t. lit. to demand
urgently or earnestly; to reason earnestly with a
person on some impropriety of his conduct ; to
remonstrate :pr.p. expost/Olating ; pct.p. expost
ulated.. expoet'ulator. [L. exfiostuto, expost
ulateex, intensive, and postulo, to demand.]
expostulation, cks-post-Q-la'shun, n., act of expost
ulating, or reasoning earnestly with a person
against his conduct ; remonstrance.
exporttUatory, eks-post'u-la-tor-i, adj., containing
expostulation.
Exposure. See under Expose.
Expound. Sec under Expose.
Express, cks-prcs', v.t., to press or force out: to
, or make known by a likeness, or by
fate, far; me, her; mine;
Extend
words: to declare; to designate :Pr.p. expresr'-
ing; Pa.p. expressed'. [L. ex, out, and Press.]
express, cks-prcs', adj., pressed or clearly brought
out ; exactly representing : directly stated ;
explicit ; clear : intended or sent for a particula*
purpose.n. a messenger or conveyance sent on a
special errand ; a regular and quick conveyance-
adv. express ly.
expressible, eks-pres'i-bl, adj., capable of being ex
pressed, squeezed out, represented, or uttered.
expression, eks-presh'un, ., act of expressing or
forcing out by pressure : act of representing ox
giving utterance
tation by to: art,
language, faithful
the and vivid &c.
features, rcpresen-
: that
which is expressed ; look ; feature : the manner
in which anything is expressed : tone of voice or
sound in music.
expressionless, eks-presh'un-lcs, adj., without ex
pression.
expressive, cks-pres'iv, adj., serving to express or
indicate : full of expression : vividly representing ;
significant.adv.express lvely..express'lveness.
Expulalon, Expulsive. Sec under Expel.
Expunge, eks-punj', v.t. lit. to prick out; to blot
out; to efface: to wipe out:Pr.p. expunging;
Pa.p. expunged'. [L. ex, out, andPungo, to prick. ]
Expurgate, eks-pur'gat, or eks'pur-, v.t., to Purge
out or render Pure; to purify from anything
noxious or erroneous lpr.p. expurgating ; Pa.p.
expurgated. [L. expurgo, expurgatusex, out,
and Purgo, to purge or purify, from purus, pure.]
expurgation, cks-pur-ga'shun, ., act of expurgat
ing or purifying,
expurgator, eks'pur-g.vtor, or eks-pur7, ., one 70/10
expurgates or purifies,
expurgatory, eks-pu^ga-tor-i, adj., serving to ex
purgate or purify.
Exquisite, eks kwi-zit, adj. lit. soughtout or selected
with care: of superior quality ; excellent: of de
licate perception or close discrimination ; not
easily satisfied ; fastidious : exceeding, extreme,
as pain.n. one exquisitely nice or refined in
dress ; a fop.adv. exquisitely. [L. exquisilus
ex, out, and quxro, quasitus, to seek.]
Exsangulou, eks-sang'gwi-us, Exsangulnous, eks-
sang'gwin-us, Adj-* without blood or red blood.
[L. ex, priv., and sangius, sanguinis, blood.]
Exscind, ek-sind', v.t., tocut off:pr.p. exscind'ing ;
Pa.p. exscind'ed. [L. ex, off", andscirulo, to cut. J
Extant, eks'tant, adj., standing out, or above the
rest ; still standing or existing. [L. exstatts,
antisex, out, and sto, to stand.]
Extasy, Extatic. Sec Ecstasy, Ecstatic.
Extempore, cks-tem'po-re, adv., outoforal the time;
on the spur of the moment ; without preparation :
suddenly. [L. ex temporeex, out of, and
tempus, temporis, time.]
extemporaneous, eks-tcra-pG-ra'nc-us, extemporary,
eks-tem'po^rar-i, adj., done extempore ox at the
time or occasion ; proceeding from the spur of
the moment ; done without preparation ; off
hand.adv. extempora'neously. [L. extempo-
rancmsex, and tempus, temporis, time.]
extemporise, cks-tem'pO-rTz, v.i*, to speak extem
pore or without previous preparation ; to dis
course without notes ; to speak off-hand :Pr.f.
cxtem'pOrTsing ; Pa.p. extcm'pOrTsed.
Extend, eks-tend', v.t., to stretch out; to prolong
in any direction : to enlarge ; to dilate ; to
widen: to hold out: to bestow or impart.v.i.
to stretch ; to be continued in length or breadth:
mote; mute; moOn; Men.
 extensible
jr.}. extending ; /a./, extended. [L. extends,
extentusex, out, tendo, tensum, to stretch.]
extensible, eks-ten'si-bl, extensile, cks-ten'sTl, adj.,
capable ofbeing extended.n. exten'sibility.
extension, eks-ten'shun, n., act of extending: a
stretching out, prolongation, or enlargement :
state of being extended : that property of a body
by which it occupies a portion of space,
extensive, cks-ten'siv, adj., havinggreat extension
or extent ; large ; comprehensive.adv. exten
sively.. exten'slveness.
extent, eks-tcnr/, n.t the stace or degree to which a
thing is extended ; bulk; compass.
Extenuate, eks-ten'Q-at, v.t., to make very tltin or
lean : to lessen or diminish ; to weaken the force
of ; to palliate '.Pr.p. exten'QSting ; /a./, ex-
ten'Qated.n. exten uator. [L. extenuo, extenu-
atusex, intensive, and tenuo, from tenuis, thin.]
extenuating, eks-tcn'Q-at-ing, adj., lessening; pal
liating.adv. exten'natlngly.
extenuation, cks-ten-u-a'shun, ., act ofextenuating
or making thin or lean : act of representing any
thing as less wrong or criminal than it is ; p.dila
tion : mitigation,
extenuatory, eks-ten'Q-a-tor-i, adj., tending to ex
tenuate; palliative.
Exterior, eks-te'ri-or, adj.f outer; outward ; on or
from the outside ; foreign.n. outward part or
surface ; outward form or deportment ; appear
ance. [L. exterior, comp. of exter, outward,
from ex, out.]
external, eks-tdr'nal, adj., exterior, outward; that
may be seen ; apparent : not innate or intrinsic ;
derived from without ; accidental : foreign.
adv. externally. [L. extemusexter.]
externals, eks-ternabz, n.pl., the outward parts;
outward forms or ceremonies.
Exterminate, eks-ter'mi-nSt, v.t. to drive out ofthe
boundaries o/~; to drive away ; to terminate or
nd to ; to root out :
exterminated..
ex, out of, and terminus, a boundary.]
extermination, eks-ter-mi-na'shun, n., act of exter
minating: complete destruction or extirpation.
exterminatory, cks tcr'mi-iui-tor-i, adj., serving or
tending to exterminate.
External See under Exterior.
Extinct. Extinction. See under Extinguish.
Extinguish, eks-ting'gwish, v.t. lit. to prick or
scratch out; to quench; to put an end to; to
destroy: to obscure by superior splendour:
pr.p. extinguishing; Pa.p. extinguished. [L.
exstinguo, extinctusex, out, and stinguo, to
quench, to prick, from root stig, to prick.]
extlngulshable, cks-ting'gwish-a-bl, adj., capable of
being extinguished, quenched, or destroyed.
extinguisher, cks-ting'gwish-er, n., one -who or that
which extinguishes ; a small hollow conical in
strument for putting out a candle.
extinct, eks-tinkr/, adj. , extinguished; put out :
no longer existing; dead.
extinction, eks-tingk'shun, n., act ofextinguishing,
quenching, or destroying: state of being extin
guished ; destruction ; suppression.
Extirpate, cks-tc^pat, v.t., to root out; to destroy
totally ; to cut off ; to exterminate :Pr.p. ex
tirpating ; pa.p. extirpated.n. extirpator. [L.
exstirpo, exsttrpatusex, out, and stirps, a root ]
extirpation, cks-ter-pa'shun, n., act ofextirpating;
extermination : total destruction.
fate, far ; me", her ; mine :
170
extravagance
Extol, cks-tol', v.t. orig. to lift ut> or raise on high
to raise or exalt in words or by praise ; to mag
nify ; to praise :pr.p. extolling ; pa.p. extolled?.
[ L. extolloex, up, tollo, to lift, or r ]
Sec under Extort.
Extort, eks-torr, v.t., to twist or wrench out ; to
gain or draw from by compulsion or violence :
Pr.p. extorr/ing ; Pa.p. extort ed. [L. extorqueo,
extortusex, out, and torqueo, to twist.]
extorsive, eks-tor'siv, adj., serving or **r"d;ng to
extort.adv. extorelvely.
extortion, eks-tor'shun, ., act of extorting, or
wresting from by force ; illegal exaction : that
which is extorted,
extortionary, eks-torshun-ar-i, adj., pertaining to
or implying extortion.
extortionate, eks-tor&hun-St, adj., characterised by
extortion; oppressive,
extortioner, cks-torshun-cr, ., one who practises
extortion.
Extra, cks'tra, adj., beyond or more than is neces
sary ; extraordinary ; additional. [L. extra, be
yond, outside of, contracted from externexter
ex, out, and root tar, to cross.]
Extract, cks-trakr, v.t., to draw out by force or
otherwise : to choose out or select : to find out :
to distil \~~pr.p. extracring ;pa.p. extract'ed. [L.
extra/to, extractusex, out, and traJto, to
draw.]
extract, cks'trakt, n., that which is extracted or
drawn out ; anything drawn.from a substance by
heat, distillation, &c as an essence ; a passage
taken from a book or writing.
extractible, eks-trakt'i-bl, adj., capable of being
extracted.
extraction, eks-traVshun, n., act of extracting or
drawing out : derivation from a stock or family ;
birth ; lineage : that which is extracted,
extractive, eks-trak'tiv, adj. , that may beextracted;
tending or serving to extract.n. an extract,
extractor, cks-trak'tor, ., he who or that which
extracts.
Extradition, cks-tra-dish'un, n., a delivering *p
by one government to another of fugitives from
justice. [L. ex, from, and traditiotrade, tra
tiitus, to deliver up.]
Extrajudicial, cks-tra-joo-dish'al, adj., out ofthe
proper court, or beyond the usual course of legal
proceeding. [Extra, and Judicial.]
Extra-mundane, eks-tra-mun'diin, adj., beyond the
material world. [Extra, and Mundane j
Extra-mural, eks-tra-mu'ral, adj. without or beyond
the walls. [Extra, and Mural |
Extraneous, cks-trin'yus, adj., without or beyond;
external ; foreign : not belonging to or dependent
on a thing ; not essential. [L. extraneus, from
extra. See Extra. }adv. extran eous!y.
Extraordinary, eks-trordi-nar-i, adj., beyond ordi
nary ; not usual, or regular ; wonderful ; special.
adv. extraordinarily. [Extra, and ordinary.]
cxtraordinarlcs, cks-trordi-nar-iz, n.pl., things that
exceed the usual order, kind, or method.
Extravagant, eks-trav'a-gant, adj., wandering be
yond bounds; irregular; unrestrained; exces
sive : profuse in expenses ; wasteful.adv. ex
travagantly. [L. extra, beyond, and pagans,
-antis, pr.p. otvagor, to wander.]
extravagance, eks-trav'a-gans, ., the act or state
ofbeingextravagant, orgoing beyonddue limits :
ity ; excess ; lavish expenditure.
mOte ; mute ; mOon ; Men,
 extravaganza
extravagaiizs, cks-trav-a-gan'za, ., an extravagant
or wild and irregular piece of music. [It.]
Extravasate, cks-travVsSt, v.t. to let cut of the
proper vessels, as blood :Pr.p. extrav'asating ;
Pa.p. extrav'asated. [L. extra, out of, and vas,
a vessel.]
Extreme, eks-trm', adj., outermost ; at the outmost
point, edge, or border ; most remote : last : highest
in degree ; greatest : most violent : most urgent,
n. the utmost point or verge ; end ; utmost or
highest limit or degree : great necessity.adv.
extreme ly. [Fr. extrimeL. extremus, supcrl.
of exter, on the outside, outward.]
extremity, eks-irem'i-ti, n., that which is extreme ;
the utmost limit, point, or portion : the highest
degree : greatest necessity, emergency, or dis
tress. [Fr. extrimitt, L. extremitas.]
Extricate, eks'tri-k3t, v.t., tofreefrom hinderances
or perplexities ; to disentangle : to emit :~Pr.p.
ex'tric5ting ; pa.p. ex'tricftted. [L. extrico, ex-
tricatusex, out, tricae, trifles, hinderances.]
extrication, eks-tri-kl'shun, n., act ofextricating ;
disentanglement : act of sending out or evolving.
extricable, cks'tri-kabl, that cane*extricated.
Extrinsic, eks-trin'sik, Extrinsical, eks-trin'sik-al,
adj., on the outside or outward; external ; not
contained in or belonging to a body ; foreign ;
not essential :opposed to Intrinsic,adv. ex-
trla'slcauy. [L. extrinsccusexter, outward, and
secus, from sequor, to follow.]
Extrude, eks-trOOd', v.t., to thrust out; to force or
urge out ; to expel : to drive off '.pr.p. cxtrud'-
ing; Pa^p. extrud'ed. [L. extrude, extrusus
ex, out, and trudo, to thrust.]
extrusion, eks-trOO'zhun, n., act of extruding,
thrusting, or throwing out ; expulsion.
Exuberant, eks-u'ber-ant, adj., exceedingly rich or
abundant ; plenteous ; overflowing ; superfluous.
adv. exu"berailtly. [L. exuberans, pr.p. of exu-
beroex, intensive, and uber, rich, abundant.]
exuberance, cks-fl'ber-ans, exuberancy, eks-Q'ber-an-
si, state ofbeing exuberant ; an overflowing
quantity ; richness ; supcrfluousncss.
Exude, cks-Qd', v.t., to sweat out or discharge by
sweating; to discharge through pores or inci
sions, as sweat, moisture, fitc.v.t. to flow out
of a body through the pores : Pr.p. exuding ;
Pa.p. exud'ed. [L. ex, out, sudo, to sweat.]
exudation, eks-u-da'shun, act ofexuding ox dis
charging through pores; the sweat, &c. exuded.
Exalt, egz-ulr*, v.i.% to leap for joy; to rejoice ex
ceedingly ; to triumph :Pr.p. exulting ; pa.p.
exulted.adv. exult'lngly. [L. exsuito, from
exsilioex, out or up, and salio, to leap.]
exultant, egz-ult'ant, adj., exulting; expressing
exultation ; triumphant. [L. exsultans.]
exultation, cgz-ul-tA'shun, n., act of exulting;
lively joy at any advantage gained ; rapturous
delight ; transport, [L. exsultatio.]
Exuvts, eks-u'vi-e", n.pi., cast ojf skins, shells, or
other coverings of animals; xngeol., fossil shells
and other remains of animals. [L., from exuo,
to draw or put off.]
Eye, I, n. lit. the seeing thing; the organ of sight
or vision, more correctly the globe or movable
part of it : the power of seeing ; sight : power
ofperception ; oversight; observation: anything
resembling an eve, as the hole of a needle, loop
or ring for a hook, &c.v.t., to fix the eye on ;
to look on ; to observe narrowly :Pr.p. eying ;
fate, far; tn, her; mine ;
Face
Pa.p. eyed' (Id). [A.S. eage; Goth, augo;
Ger. auge; Slav, oko ; allied to Gr. ones ;
osse, the two eyes, connected with ossomai, to
see ; L. oculus ; Sans, aksht'.]
eyeball, fbawl, n., the ball, globe, orapple ofthe eye.
eyebrlght, fbrlt, n. a beautiful little plant of the
genus euphrasia, formerly used as a remedy for
diseases of the eye.
eyebrow, Throw, the brow or hairy arch above
the eye.
eyelash, flash', n. the line of hairs that edges the
eyelid. [Eye, and Ger. lasche, Ice. laska, a flap,]
eyeless, lies, adj., without eyes, or sight,
eyelet, flct, eyelet-hole, rlet-hol, n., a small eye or
hole to receive a lace or cord, as in garments,
sails, &c. [Fr. aillet, dim. of aril, an eye.]
eyelid, Ilid, n., the lid or cover of the eye ; the
portion of movable skin by means of which the
eye is opened or closed at pleasure,
eye-service, f-ser-vis, n., service performed only
under the eye or inspection of an employer,
eyesight, TsTt, ., the sight of the eye; power of
seeing; view; observation,
eyesore, fsor, n. anything that is sore or offensive
to the eye.
eye-tooth, T'-to"Oth( a tooth in the upper jaw next
the grinders, with a long fang pointing towards
the eye.
eye-witness, I'-wit-nes, n. one whowa thing done.
Eyre, Br, n.K ajourney or circuit ; a court of itin
erant justices, [old Fr. errt, journey, from L.
iter, a way, a journeyeo, itum, to go.]
Eyry. Aerie, e're, or a're, n. lit. an tggery ora place
where birds of prey construct their nests and
hatch their eggs, [old E. eyren, eggs, Teut, ey,
A.S. a?g, an egg: or A.S. art, Ger. aar, an
eagle, and suffix ry, denoting a collection : or
Fr. airelow L. areaI* area, an open space,
or from axr, the air.]
P
Fable, fiU, n. lit that which is spoken or told; a
feigned story or tale intended to instruct or
amuse : the plot or series of events in an epic or
dramaticto invent
feign; poem: '.pr.p.
fiction;fi'bling;
a falsehood.v.t.
pa.p. fambled.to
[Fr.fable, L..fabula, fromfori, to speak.]
fabullse, fab Q-Ilz, v.t., to wrttefables, or to speak
in fables :pr.p. fab'ullsing ; Pa.p. fab'ullsed.
fabulist, fab'fl-list, u., one who inventsfables.
fabulous, fab'Q-lus, adj. feigned, as afable; related
in fable ; false.adv. fab'ulously. [L.fabulosus.]
Fabric, fab'rik, or fi'brik, ., workmanship; the
manner in which the parts of a thing are put
together ; texture : anything framed by art and
labour ; building ; manufactured cloth : any
system of connected parts. [L.fabrica-faber,
a worker in hard materialsfacto, to make.]
fabricate, fab'ri-kat, vd., to put together by art
and labour; to manufacture ; to produce : to
devise falsely '.pr.p. fabricating ; pa.p. fabri
cated.*, fabricator. [L. fabrtco, fabricatus,
fromfabrica.]
fabrication, fab-ri-ka'shun, act offabricating;
construction ; manufacture : that which is fabri
cated or invented ; a story ; a falsehood.
Fabullse, Fabulous, &c. See under Fable.
Facade. See under Face.
Face, fas, n. the outside make or appearance ; that
which presents itself to a spectator: front; the
mOte; mute; m03n; then.
 face
visible forepart of the head : cast of features ;
look: confidence; boldness; effrontery ; pres
ence: in B., anger or favour. [Fr. fact, L.
fades, form, face-facto, to make, akin to Gr.
pknd, to produce, Sans, bhu, to be.]
fact, fas, v.t. to meet in the face or in front ; to
stand opposite to ; to oppose with firmness ; to
resist : to put an additional face or surface on ;
to cover in front.u.u to turn the face 'Pr.p.
fiic'ing; pa.p. faced'.
facade, fa-sad', ., theface or-front of a building.
[Fr., from L.facie*.]
facet, fas'et, n. lit. a little face; a small surface.
[b'r.facette, dim. offace.]
facial, fu'shal, adj., of or relating to the face.
adv. fa cially.
facing, fas'ing, . a covering in front for ornament
or protection.
Facetiom, fa-sc'shus, adj. lit. well-made; witty,
humorous, jocose. adz*, face tiously.n. face'-
tioumeea. [L.facetusfactus, pa.p. ofJaero, to
make.]
Facile, fasil, adj., that may be done, easily done:
easy of access or converse ; courteous : easily
persuaded ; yielding. [L. facilis, that may be
done, easy, fromfacto, to do.]
facility, fa-sil'i-ti, quality of being facile or
cosily done: dexterity: easiness to be per
suaded ; pliancy : easiness of access : affability.
pi. facil ities, means that render anything easy
to be done. [L.facititaj.]
facilitate, fa-sili-tat, v.t., to give facility to or to
make easy ; to lessen difficulty :pr.p. facil'-
ititing ; Pa.p. facilitated.
Fac-almtle, fak-simi-le, . that which is made simi
lar; an exact copy. [L. fax, contr. offactum,
madefacto, to make, and similis, like.]
Fact, fakt, ., a deed or anything done; anything
that comes to pass : reality ; truth : the assertion
ofa thing done. [L.factum, fromfacto, to make.]
faction, fak'shun, . lit. a doing; a company of per
sons associated together, in opposition to the
government: dissension. [L.factio, fromfacio.]
faction*, fak'shus, adj. , given tofaction ; turbulent ;
disloyal.adv. faVtlouely.n. fac'tiouaneii. [L.
factiosusfactio.]
factitious, fak-tish'us, adj., made by art, in opposi
tion to what is natural.adv. facti'tiously. [L.
factitius, fromfacio, to make.]
factor, fak'tor, ., a doer or transactor of business
for another ; one who buys and sells goods for
others, on commission : one of two or more quan
tities which multiplied together, form a product.
[L., fromfacio.]n. fac'torship.
factorage, fak'tor-aj, . the fees or commission of a
factor.
factory, fak'tor-i, . , the place of business of afac
tor; the body offactors in a place : a manufactory.
factorial, fak-tfl'ri-al, adj. , pertaining to or consist
ing in afactory.
factotum, fak-to'tum, n. a person employed to do
all kinds of work. [L. facio, and tottts, all.]
Faculty, fak'ul-ti, .,facility or power to act : an
original power of the mind ; personal quality or
endowment : right, authority, or privilege to act ;
licence : a body of men to whom any privilege is
granted ; the professors constituting a depart
ment in a university ; the members ofa profession.
[L.facultas, fromfacul, easily-foci/is, easy.]
Fade, fad, v.t. to become insipid or weak ; to lose
strength, freshness, or colour gradually : to grow
fate, far; me, her; mine;
7
Fair
dim : to vanish.v.t. to cause to wither:
fading ; pa.p. fad'ed. [old E. fade, vade, Fr.
fade, insipid; Dutch, vadden, to wither; Prov.
fat; prob. from h.fatuus, silly, insipid.]
fadeless, fadics, adj., unfading.
Faces, fe'sSz, n.pi., grounds; sediment after infu
sion or distillation : excrement. [L.t pi. o{fa*x,
fwcis, grounds.]
feculent* fek'u-lcnt, adj., containingfaces or sedi
ment ; muddy ; fouln. feculence or fec'tueacy-.
Faery, fS'er-i, n. same as Fairy.
Fag, fag, v.t., toflagor become weary or tired out ;
to work as a fag.v.t. to cause to labour like
a drudge ; to exhaust by labour :Pr.p. fagg'ing ;
Pa.p. fagged'.n. one who labours like a drudge :
a school-boy forced to do menial offices for one
older, [low Gcr. fakk, wearied; A.S. feeg*t
Gcr.feige, dying, weak ; Scot,fey, on the verge
of death : connected with Flag.]
fag-end, fag'-end, the end of a web of cloth that
flags or hangs loose ; the untwisted end of a
rope : the refuse or meaner part of a thing.
Fagot, Faggot, fagiit, a bundle ofsticks used for
fuel ; a stick : anything like a faggot.v.t. to tie
or bundle together :Pr.p. faggoting ; Pa.p. fag
oted. [W ffagod';ffasgu, to hind ; alhedto Gr.
Phakelos, a bundle, L.fax,facts, a torch.]
Fahrenheit, fa'ren-hTt, . the name applied to a
thermometer, the freezing-point of which is
marked at 33 and the boiling-point at 212 de
grees, [named from the inventor, a German.]
Fail, fal, v.i., tofall, slip, err; to fall short or be
awanting: to fall away; to decay; to die: to
miss ; to be disappointed or baffled : to be unable
to pay one's debts.v.t. to be wanting to : not to
be sufficient for:-pr.p. fairing ; pa.p. failed'.n.
failure. [Fr. faillir, \\. faliireL,. falio, Gr.
sphallS, to deceive ; connected with W. ffaelu,
GcT.frhlen, to fail.]
falling, fal'ing, the act ofone whofat'ls; a fault,
weakness, or deficiency; a foible.
failure, falur, ., afailing, falling short, or cessa
tion : omission : decay ; bankruptcy.
Fain, fan, adj., joyful; eager; inclined; content
or compelled to accept, for want of better.adv.
gladly. [A.S.frgen, joyful ; Goth, faginon, to
rejoice ; Ice. fagna, to be glad.]
Faint, fruit, adj., weak; wanting in strength : fad
ing; lacking distinctness ; not bright or forcible:
weak in spirit ; lacking courage ; depressed : done
in a feeble way.v.i. to become feeble or weak;
to lose strength, colour, &c. ; to swoon : to fade
or decay ; to vanish : to lose courage or spirit ;
to become depressed '.pr.p. fainting ; pa.p.
faint'cd.adv. faintly. [In sense of losing the
powers of life, Fr. se faner, to fade, s,evanouir,
to faint, vain, L. vanus, empty, Gael fann,
weak ; in other senses, Fr. sefetndre, h.Jtngere,
to feign or dissemble, to do a thing not heartily
but faintly, and thus conn, with Feign, feint]
faintiah, famish, adj., somewhat or slightlyyim//.
n. falnt'iBhneia.
falntneas, fanr/nes n., state of beingfaint; feeble
ness ; want of strength : feebleness of colour,
light, &c : dejection.
Fair, far, adj., bright; clear: free from blemish;
pure : pleasing to the eye ; beautiful : free frum
a dark hue ; of a light shade : free from cloud* or
rain; favourable: unobstructed; open: prosper
ous : frank ; impartial : pleasing ; hopeful : r.Vdcr-
ate.adv. fairly.n. falr'nen. [A.S. Jaeger;
mOtc ; mute ; mOon ; then.
 fair
Ice. fagr, bright; Dan. fauer, ftur; perhaps
connected with Sans. bhd, to shine.]
fair, far, ., a fair woman. The fair, n.pl., the
female sex.
Palp, far, . lit. afeast,fast, or holiday ; a stated
market, [old Fr.feire, from h.feria, orferiac,
holidays, conn, with festus, festive. See
Toast.]
Fairy, faVi, Fay, Hi, n. a supernatural being, said to
assume a human form, and to influence thefate
of man. \Yr.fee ifierie, old Fr.faerie, enchant
ment; It. fata; low h.falariaL.fatum, an
oracle, fate.]
fairy, far'i, adj., ofor belonging tofairies.
Faith, flth, ., trust or confidence in any person ;
belief in the statement of another : belief in the
truth of revealed religion ; confidence and trust
in God ; reliance on Christ as the Saviour : that
which is believed ; any system of religious
belief: fidelity to promises; honesty: word or
honour pledged, [old E.frith,fayeth,fay ; old
Fr.feid,foilJ li.fede; L. fdes_jSdo, to trust;
connected with Gr. peithd, to persuade.]
faithful, fath'fool, adj., full offaith, believing ;
firm in adherence to promises, duty, allegiance,
&c. ; loyal : conformable to truth : worthy of
belief; true.The faithful, believers.adv. faith'-
fuUy.ft. faith/fulness.
faithless, fathles, adj., without faith or belief;
not believing, esp. in God or Christianity ; not
adhering to promises, allegiance, or duty : delu
sive.adv. faithlessly.;;, faithlessness.
Falcate, fal'kat, Falcated, fallcat-ed, adj. in astr. and
lot., bent like a sickle, as the crescent moon, and
certain leaves. {L.falcatus, fromfatx. a sickle.]
falchion, fawl'shun, n. a short crooked sword,fal
cated or bent somewhat like a sickle. [It.fal-
cume ; low L.falcio, from L. falx.}
falcon, fawTtn, n. a family of birds of prey with
short hooked beak, especially a hawk trained to
the pursuit of game. [Fr. faucott ; It.falcone;
\,.falco, fromfalx.]
falconer, fawTtn-cr, . one who sports with, or who
breeds and trains falcons or nawks for taking
wild fowl. [Yr.fauconnier.]
falconry, fawTcn-ri, ., the art oftrainingor hunting
withfalcons. [Ft.fauconnerie.]
Faldstool, fawld'stOol, afolding or camp-stool;
a kind of stool for the king to kneel on at his
coronation ; a bishop's scat within the altar ; a
small desk at which the litany is sung or said.
[PuS.fald, fold, and Stool.]
Fall, fawl, v.i., to dropdown; to descend by the
force of gravity ; to become prostrate : of a river,
to discharge itself : to sink as if dead ; to vanish :
to die away ; to lose strength : to decline in
power, wealth, value, or reputation : to sink into
sin ; to depart from the faith : to become dejected :
to pass gently into any state : to befall ; to issue :
to enter upon with haste or vehemence ; to rush :
pr.p. failing; pad. fell ; pa.p. fallen (fawl'n).
[A.S. feallan : Gcr. fallen; connected with L.
fallo, to deceive, Gr. sphatld, to cause to fall,
Sans, sphal, to tremble.] See Fail.
fall, fawl, the actoffalling; in any of its senses ;
descent by gravity ; a dropping down : over
throw ; death : descent from a better to a worse
position : slope or declivity : descent of water ;
a cascade : length of a fall : outlet of a river :
decrease in value : a sinking of the voice : the
time when the leaves fall, autumn : that which
fate, far; me, her; mine;
Family
falls : a lapse into sin, especially that of Adam
and Eve, called The Fall://, in Apocrypha,
death, overthrow.
Fallacious, fal-la'shus, adj., false ; calculated to
deceive or mislead ; not well founded : causing
disappointment ; delusive.adv. falla'ciously.
. falla'donmeas. [low L. fallaciosus, from L.
fallaxyfallacis, deceitful-fallo, to deceive.]
fallacy, faHa-si, ., something fallacious; decep
tive appearance : an apparently genuine but
really illogical argument
fallible, fal'i-bl, adj. lit. liable to deceive or to be
deceived; liable to error or mistake.adv. fai
ntly, [low L.fattibitis, fromfalto.]
fallibility, fal-i-bif'i-ti, ., state ox quality of being
fallible; liability to err.
Fallow, fal'lfl, adj. lit. pale yellow or red : left with
the red or yellowish earth exposedi.e., untilled.
if. land that has lain a year or more untilled
or unsown after having been ploughed.v.t. to
plough land without seeding it :pr.p. fal'Iow-
ing; Pa.p. fallowed. [A.S. fealo; Gcr. falb,
fahl; allied to Slav, plav, yellow, L. pallidits,
pa\c,fulvus, yellow, Gr. pelidnos, polios, livid.
Sans, palita. gray.]
fallow-deer, fallO-dcr, n. a species of deer smaller
than the red deer, with broad flat antlers, and of
a yellowisA-brown colour. [untilled.
fallowness, fallo-ncs, ., state of being fallow or
False, fawls, adj., deceptive or deceiving; un
truthful ; unfaithful to obligations ; treacherous :
untrue ; not genuine or real ; hypocritical : not
well founded.adv. falsely.n. falseness. [A.S.
false ; Ger.falsch; lcc.falskr; \,.falsus, pa.p.
offallo, to deceive.] See Fail, Fall, Fallacious.
falsehood, fawls'hood, n., state or quality of being
false; want of truth: want of honesty; deceit-
fulness : false appearance : an untrue statement ;
a lie. [False, and hood, A.S. had, state.]
falsette, fawl-sct', falsetto, fawl-sct'to, ., afalse or
artificial voice ; a range of voice beyond the na
tural compass. [It.falsetto, from root of False.]
falsify, fawls'i-fl, v.t., to make false; to forge or
counterfeit : to prove untrustworthy : to break
by falsehood '.Pr.p. fals'ifying; Pa.p. falsified.
[h.falsus, andfacio, to make.]
falsification, fawls-i-fi-ka'shun, n., tkeact ofmaking
false ; the giving to a thing the appearance of
something which it is not.
falsifier, fawVi-fT-cr, n., one who falsifies or gives
to a thing a false appearance.
falsity, fawls'i-ti, n., quality ofbeingfalse : a false
assertion. [L..falsilas, fromfalsus.]
Falter, fawl'ter, v.i., tofail or stutter in speech : to
tremble or totter; tobefceble or irresolute :pr.p.
fal'tering ; Pa.p. faltered, [from root of Fault, or
formed from the halting or stammering sound.]
falteringly, fawl'tcr-ing-U, adv., in a faltering or
hesitating manner.
Fame, film, n. lit. a bringing to light or making
known ; public report or rumour ; renown or
celebrity, good or bad. [L.fama; Gr. pliimi,
from pkimi, to say, make knownphao, to
bring to light, Sans, bhd, to shine.}
famed, famd, adj., havingfame ; renown.
famous, fa'mus, adj., known to fame ; renowned;
noted.adv. fa'moualy. [h.famosus, ftomfama.]
Familiar, &c. See under Family.
Family, fam'i-li, n. lit. the whole collection of slaves
or servants in one house ; the household, or all
those who live in one house under one head : the
mOte; mOto; mSDu; then.
173
 familiar farinaceous
descendants of one common progenitor; race: fantasy, fan'ta-si, n. old form of Fancy.
honourable or noble descent : a group of animals, fantasia, fan-ta'zi-a, n.,afanciful'orfantastic musi
plants, languages, &c more comprehensive than cal composition, not governed by the ordinary
a genus. [h.familiafamulus, a servant] musical rules. [It., from Gr. phantasia.]
familiar, fa-mil'yar, adj.} pertaining to a family ; fantastic, fan-tas'tik, fantastical, fan-tas'tik-al, adj.,
domestic : well acquainted or intimate ;- shewing fanciful; produced by the fancy; imaginary;
the manner of an intimate ; free : having a not real : characterised by fancy or caprice ;
thorough knowledge of; well known or under whimsical ; wild.adz: fantastically.
stood.n. one well or long acquainted : a demon Fane, fan, n. a place dedicated or consecrated to a
supposed to attend at call.adv. famll'larly. [L. deity; a temple. [L.fanum, fromfari, to speak.]
familiaris, fromfamilia.)
familiarity, fa-mil-ye-arl-ti, state of being Fanfare,thefan'far, n. a flourish of trumpets on enter
familiar; intimate acquaintanceship; freedom ing Sp.
lists; a boast ; a bravado. [Fr.fanfare ;
fanfarria : from the sound.]
from constraint, [h.familiaritas.]
familiarise, fa-mil'yar-Tz, v.t., to makefamiliar; fanfaroa,
bravado;
fan'fa-ron, one who uses fanfare or
a bully. [Fr., fromfanfare.)
to make thoroughly acquainted ; to accustom :
to make easy by practice or study :Pr.p. fanuT- fanfaronade,
bluster.
fan-far-on-ad', n. vain boasting :
[Fr.fanfaronnade, fromfanfare.)
iarTsing ; Pa.p. familiarised.
Famine, fam'in, *. tit, great desireforfood; general Fang, tooth
fang, n. that which seizes or clutches; the
of a ravenous beast ; a claw or talon. [A.S.
scarcity of food. [Fr., from L. fames, hunger, fang, fromfon, to seize ; Ocr.fangen, to catch.]
akin to Gr. phagein, Sans, bhaksh, to eat.] fanged, fangd, adj., having fangs, clutches, or
famish, famish, v.t., to kill, distress, or weaken anything resembling them.
with famine; to starve.v.i. to die or suffer
extreme hunger or thirst ; to suffer from exposure : Fanner, Fan-light, Fan-palm. See under Fan,
Fantastic, Fantasy, &c. See under Fancy.
Pr.p. fam ishing ; pa.p. famished.
famishment, famlsh-ment, n., the state of being Far, far, adj. lit. before, to or at a distance;
famished, or of extreme hunger or thirst. remote ; more distant of two : remote from or
Famous. See under Fan*. contrary to purpose or design.adv. to a great
Fan, fan, n. lit. that which blows; a broad, flat, distanceconsiderably
in time, space, or proportion ; remotely :
or in great part ; very much ; to a
instrument used by ladies to cool themselves ;
anything of this form, as for winnowing grain, great tance.
height : to a certain point, degree, or dis
[A.S. feor; Dutcn, ver, verre; Ice.
&c. ; a small sail to keep a wind-mill to the wind.
v.t. to cool with a fan ; to winnow ; to ventil fiarri; tance,
Oct. fern ; allied to Gr. porrd, at a dis
pro, before. Sans. Pra, before, and perhaps
ate '--pr.p. fanning ; Pa.p. fanned'. [A.S.fann; to A.S. faran, Ger.fahren,
Ger. wanne; Fr. van; L. vannus ; allied to L. farther, faVMer, adj. (comp. ofoldFar), E. fare, to go.]
more far or
ventus, wind.]
fanner, fan'ner, n., one who or that whichfans; distant; tending to a greater distance; longer;
additional.adv. at or to a greater distance ;
a machine with revolving fans, used for winnow more remotely ; beyond ; moreover. [A.S./yrre,
ing grain, &c. comp. offeor, the euphonic th being inserted
fan-light, fan'-llt, n., a window resembling in form from the analogy of farther. ]
an openfan. farthest, faVMcst, adj. (superl of Far), mostfar,
fan-palm, fan'-pam, n. a species otpalm 60 or 70 ft. distant, or remote.adv. at or to the greatest
high, with.Aii-shaped leaves used for umbrellas, distance. [A.S.fomrst,jyrrest, superl. oifeor.)
tents, &c
Fanatic, fa-natlk, Fanatical, fa-natlk-al, adj. lit. far-fetched, faV-fecht, adj. ,fetched or brought/rvm
far, or from a remote place; forced, unnatural.
pertaining to afane or templeinspired by a Farce, fSrs, n. a style of comedy, stuffed with
divinity, as the priests in heathen temples : fran
tic ; extravagant in opinions, esp. on religious low humour and extravagant wit ; ridiculous or
subjects.adv. fanatically, [L.fanaticus, from empty from
show. [Fr. farce, the stuffing in meat,
"L.farcio. to stuff.]
fanum, a temple.] See Fan*.
fanatic, fa-nar/ik, n. a person frantically or exces farcical, farsl-kal, adj. , of or relating to afarce ;
ludicrous.adv. farcically.
sively enthusiastic, esp. on religious subjects.
fanaticism, fa-natl-sizm, n. wild and excessive reli Fare, far, v.i., to go, to travel; to get on or
succeed ; to happen well or ill to : to feed :
gious enthusiasm. Pr.p. faring ; Pa.p. fared'.n. orig. a course or
Fancy, fan'si, n. orig. phantasy; that faculty of the Passage; the price of passage; food or provisions
mind by which it recalls, represents, or makes to for the table. [A.S.faran, Ger.fahren, to go.]
appear past images or impressions ; an image or farewell, far-wel', or fir', int. may you fare welll
representation thus formed in the mind ; an un an affectionate prayer for safety or success.n.
reasonable or capricious opinion ; a whim ; cap
ricious inclination or liking.adj. pleasing to, or well-wishing at parting; the act of departure.
adj. parting ; final.
guided by fancyor caprice.The fancy, n.pt. sport ferry, ferli, v.t., to carry or convey over a water
ing characters generally, [contracted iromfan in a boat '.pr.p. ferrying ; Pa,p. ferried.n. a
tasy, Fr. fantasie, Gr. and L. phantasiaGr. place where one may be rowed across a water:
phantasd, to make visiblefhainS, to bring to the right of conveying passengers : the ferry
light, to shew. Sans, bhd, to shine.] boat. [A.S. ferian, to convey, faran, to go;
fancy, fan'si, v.t., toform afancy, image, or con Ger.^JAr, a ferryfahren, to go, to carry.]
ception of; to portray in the mind ; to imagine : Far-fetched.
to nave a fancy or liking for ; to be pleased with : See under Far.
Pr.p. fan'cying; Pa-p- fan'cied. Farina, fa-rTna, ground com; meal; starch:
fanciful, fan'si-fool, adj.,full offancy; guided or pollen of plants. [L.-far, a sort of grain.]
created by fancy ; imaginative ; whimsical ; farinaceous, far-in-S'shus, adj., consisting ofor con
wild.adv. fan'cifully.n. fin'i Iftifn taining meal or flour; mealy.
fate, far; me", her; mTne; mOte; mute; mO'On ; Men.
174
 Farm Father
Farm, farm, n. Mt.food, entertainment ; afterwards, genteel ; moving in high society.adv. faah'ion-
rent, the land rented; ground let for cultivation ably.re. fash'ionablenesa.
or pasturage, with the necessary buildings. [A.S.
feorm,fearme, food, goods, feormian, to feed, Fast, fast, adj. lit. seised; held ; close-pressed ;
firm; fixed: steadfastadv. firmly: soundly or
rent being orig. paid in entertainment : the word sound (asleep).Fast by, close to. faest ;
fearme, Latinised intojirma, was next applied GcT.fesl: allied tofassen, to seize.]
to the money paid and then to the land rented.] fasten, fas'n, v.t., to make fast or tight; to fix
firm, farm, v.t. to let out as lands to a tenant ; to securely; to attach firmly one thing to another.
take on lease; to grant certain rights in return v.i. to fix itself'.pr.p. fastening; Pa.p. fas
for a portion of what they yield, as to farm the tened.. fastening, tluit whichfastens.
taxes : to cultivate, as land '.Pr.p. farm'ing ; fastness, fast'nes, ., the state ofbeingfast or firm ;
Pa.p. farmed'. security : a stronghold, fortress, castle.
farmer, farm'er, n., one who farms or cultivates Fast, fast, adj., hastening; quick: rash: dissi
land ; the tenant of a farm : one who collects pated,--adv. swiftly : in rapid succ
taxes, &c for a certain rate per cent.. farm' extravagantly. [W.fest, qwck,fsstu, to h
ing, the business of cultivating land. L.festino, to hasten.]
Farrago, far-rii'gO, re. lit. mixedfodderfor cattle ; Fast, fast, v.i., to keep fromfood; to go hungry:
a confused mass. [L.fir, a sort of grain.] to abstain from food in whole or part, as a
Farrier, far'ri-er, n. lit. a worker in iron ; one who religious
shoes horses; one who cures the diseases of abstinenceduty.re. abstinence from food: special
horses, [old Fr. ferrier ; Yr.ferrer, to shoe a fasting.ns.enjoined fast'er,
by the church: the day of
one who fasts ; fut'ing, re
1 horsefer, l,.ferrum, iron.]
farriery, far'ri-er-i, the business of a farrier; fasting. [A.S.farstan, to fast;a Goth,
ligious abstinence ; faiV-day, day of religious
fastan, to
the art of curing the diseases of cattle. keep; allied with Fast, firm.]
Farrow, farVo, n. a Utter of pigs.v.t, to bring Fastidious, fas-tid'i-us, adj.,feeling disgust or pain
forth pigs :pr.f. far'rowing ; Pa.p. far'rowed. at trifling defects ; affecting superior taste ; over-
[A.S.fearh, a pig; Dan.fare, to farrow; Ger. nice ; difficult to please.adv. fastid iously..
' ferkei, allied to L. porcus, pig, verres, boar.] fastidiousness. [ L.fastidiosusfaslidium, loath
Farther, Farthest. See under Far. ingfastus, pride.]
Farthing, farVAing, ., the fourth of a penny: in Fat, fat, adj., fid; not lean: fruitful: gross*re. an
New Test. =3 farthings, sometimes |ths of our oily substance under the skin : solid animal oil :
farthing. [A.5.feorth/ing,feorthuftg, a fourth the richest part of anything.v.t. to make fat.
paxtfeortha, the fourthfeor, four.] v.i. to grow fat '.Pr.p. fatting ; Pa.p. fatt'ed.
Farthingale, farVreing-gal, n. a kind of crinoline [Gcr.fett; A.S.fett, fromfedan, to feed.]
made of whalebone for distending the dress, fatllng, failing, ., a young animal fattened for
Introduced by Q. Elizabeth. [Fr. vertugade, ver- slaughter.
dugalle; Sp. verdugadoverdugo, a rod, a plait.] fatness, fat'nes, re., quality or state of beingfat ;
Fasces, fas'scz, re.//, in Roman antiquities, a bundle fulness of flesh : richness ; fertility : that which
of rods with an axe in the middle, borne before makes fertile.
the Roman magistrates as a badge of their fatten, fu'n, v.t., to makefat or fleshy ; to make
authority. [L.jascis, a bundle.] fertile.v.i. to grow fat '.Pr.p. fattening ; pa.p.
fascicle, fas'si-kl, n. lit. a little bundle ; in hot., a fatt'ened.ns. fatt'eaer, he who or that which
close cluster, with the flowers much crowded fattens; fattening, the process of makingfat;
together, as in the sweet-william. [L.fasciculus, state of growing fat
dim. offascis.] fatty, fat'i, adj., containingfat or having the quali
fascicular, fas-sik'u-Iar, fasciculate, fas-sik'u-lat, adj. ties of fat.re. fatt'inees.
united as in a bundle. Fat, fat, n. a vat See Vat.
fascine, fas-sen', or fas', ., a fagot or bundle of Fate, fat, re., the thing spoken by a prophet or
rods, used infort, to raise batteries, fill ditches, oracle ; inevitable destiny or necessity ; appointed
&C. [Fr.; L.fascinafascis.\ lot : ill-fortune ; doom ; final issue, (h.fatum, a
Fascinate, faVsi-nat, v.t. lit. to bewitch by the evil prediction-fatus, spoken/art, to speak.]
eye; to fix or control by the glance ; to charm ; Fates, fats, n.pl. the three goddesses of/ate, Clotho,
to enchant :pr.p. and adj. fascinating ; pa.p. Lachesis, and Atropos, who were supposed to
fascinated. [L. fascin&,fascinatus, Gr. bas- determine the birth, life, and death of men.
kaind, to bewitch, akin to Sans. bhAsh, to speak.] fatal, fat'al, adj., belonging to or appointed byfate:
fascination, fas-si-na'shun, re., tlte act offascinat causing ruin or death ; mortal : calamitous.
ing or charming; supposed power to harm by adv. fafally.
looks or spells : mysterious attractive power ex fatalism, fat'al-izm, n. the doctrine that all events
erted by a man's words or manntr: irresistible are subject to fate, and happen by unavoidable
power of alluring. [L.fascinatio.] necessity.re. fat allst, one who believes infatal
Fascine. See under Fasces. ism.adj. fat'alistlc, belonging to or partaking
Fashion, fash'un, re., the make or cut of a thing; fatality, offatalism.fat-a.r.-ti, re., the state of beingfatal or
form or pattern ; prevailing mode or shape of
dress : a prevailing custom : manner : genteel unavoidable ; the decree of fate : fixed tendency
to disaster or death ; mortality.
society: in NewTest., appearance.v.t. to make; fated, fat'ed, adj., decreed by fate; doomed;
to mould according to a pattern : to suit or adapt : destined.
pr.p. fash'ioning ; pa p. fash'ioned.re. faeh'-
loner. [Tcr.faconh.factiofacio, to make.] Father, fa'Mer, re. lit. the nourisher: a male parent ;
fashionable, fash un-a-bl, adj.f made according to an ancestor or forefather : a contriver or origin
prevailingfashion : prevailing or in use at any ator : a title of respect : an ecclesiastical writer
period : observant ofthe fashion in dress or living ; of the early centuries: the first Person of the
fate, far ; me", her ; mine ; mOte ; mate ; mODn ; Men.
175
 fatherhood
Trinity.v.t. to adopt; to ascribe to one as his
offspring or production \pr.p. fathering ; /a./.
fa'thered. [A.S. faeder, L. pater, Gr. pater,
Sans, pitri, from root/a, to feed.]
fatherhood, fa/Aer-hood, n., state oj'being afather;
fatherly authority,
father-in-law, faVAer-in-law, n. the father of one's
husband or wife. [fathers.
fatherland, fa'Mer-land, the land of one's
fatherless, faVAer-lcs, adj., destitute of a living
fatheri without a known author.n. fa'thar-
Immml
fatherly, fa'Mer-li, adj., like a father in affection
and care; paternal.n. fa'therlineu.
Fathom, fafA'um, n. the distance between the ex
tremities of both arms extended or lurid out : a
nautical measure =6 feet.v.t. to try the depth
of: to comprehend or get to the bottom of'pr.p.
fath'oming; P&-P- fath'omed. [A.S. faethm;
Dutch, vadem; Dutch, vatten, Ger. fassen, to
hold ; L. pateo, to stretch.]
fathomable, fa/A'um-abl, adj., able to be fathomed.
fathomless, faM'um-less, adj., tJtat cannot befath
omed.
Fatigue, fa-teg*, ., wearinessfrom labour of body
or of mind : toil : military work, distinct from the
use of arms.v.t. to reduce to a state of weari
ness ; to exhaust one's strength ; to harass :
Pr.p. fatigu'ing ; Pa.p. fatigued'. [Fr., from L.
fatigo, to weary.]
Falling, Fatness, &c. See under Fat.
Fatuous, fat'il-us, adj.,feeble in mind; silly : with
out reality; deceptive, like the ignis-fatuus.
[h.fatuus, foolish.]
fatuity, fa-tQ'i-ti, ., the state of beingfatuous or
feeble in intellect ; imbecility.
Fauces, fau'sez, n.pl. the upper part of the throat
from the root of the tongue to the entrance of
the gullet. [L.]
Faucet, fau'set, n. a pipe inserted in a barrel to
draw liquid. [Fx.faussetfausser, to pierce.]
Faugh, fau, int. an exclamation of contempt or
disgust, [perhaps from A.S.fian, to hate.]
Fault, fault, ., afailing; error : blemish : a slight
offence: in gcol. and mining. a displacement of
strata or veins. [L.fallo, to deceive.]
faultless, fault'les, adj., without fault or defect.
adv. faultlessly.n. fault lemness.
faulty, fault'i, adj., containingfaults or defects ;
imperfect : guilty of a fault ; blaniablc.adv.
faultily.n. fault'lneas.
Faun, faun, n. a rural deity among the Romans
the protector of shepherds and agriculture. [L.
faunus, fromfaveo,fauturn, to favour.]
fauna, faun'a, n. the animals of any region or
epoch, so called because protected by the Fauns.
Favour, fa'vur, n., a regardingkindly, countenance ;
good-will: a kind deed: an act of grace or
lenity: a knot of white ribbons worn at a wed
ding.v.t. to regard with good-will : to be on the
side of : to treat indulgently : to afford advantage
to '.pr.p. favouring ; Pa p- fa'voured. [L.
favorfaveo, to favour, befriend.]. fa vourer.
favourable, fa'vur-a-bl, adj.,fulit<ffavour; friendly ;
propitious : conducive to : convenient ; advan
tageous.adv. fa vourably.n. favourableness.
favourite, fi'vur-it, n. a person or thing regarded
withfavour: one unduly loved.adj. esteemed,
beloved, preferred.n. fa'vonritiixa, ikepractice
offavouring or shewing partiality.
fate, far ; me, her ; mine ;
I*
Feather
Fawn, fawn, . lit. the young of an animal: a
young deer.adj., resembling a fawn in colour.
v.i. to bring forth a fawn :pr.p. fawn'ing ;
Pa.p. fawned'. [Fr.faon, perhaps through obs.
feon,fedon, from L.foetus, offspring.]
Fawn, fawn, v.t. lit. to rejoice: to cringe ; to flatter
in a servile way (followed by upon) \-~Pr.p. fawn'-
ing ; pa.p. fawned'.n. a servile cringe or bow :
mean flattery.. fawn'er, one who flatters to
gain favour.adv. fawn'lngly. [old sZ.fxwhm ;
A.S.fagnitin, to rejoice.]
Fay. See under Fairy.
Fealty, fe'al-ti, or fel'ti, ., fidelity orfaithfulness ;
the oath sworn by the vassal to be faithful to his
feudal lord : loyally, [old Yx.fialte; L.fidelitas
fidelis, faithful-fido, to trust.]
Fear, fcr, n. a painful emotion excited by danger;
apprehension ofdangeror pain ; alarm : the object
of fear: in B., deep reverence; piety towards
God.v.t. to regard with fear ; to expect with
alarm: in 2?., to stand in awe of; to venerate:
(obs.) to terrify, to make afraid '.Pr.p. fcar'ing ;
pa.p. feared'. [A.S.faer, fear; Gcr. gefahr, Sw.
fara, danger.]
fearful, fcVfool, adj., full offear; timorous : ex
citing intense fear ; terrible. adv. fearfully..
fear fulness.
fearless, fcrles, atlj., wiflioutfar; daring ; brave.
adv. fearlessly.n. fearlessness.
Feasible, fezl-bl, adj., that can be ejected or done ,*
practicable.adv. feasibly.us. feasibleness,
feasibility. [Fr. faisable, that can be done
faire,faisant, h.facere, to do, to make.J
Feast, fest,n.,a/toliday: a day of unusual solemnity
or joy : a rich and abundant repast : rich enjoy
ment for the mind or heart.v.i. to hold a feast :
to eat sumptuously : to receive intense delight.
v.t. to entertain sumptuously '-pr.p. fcast'ing;
Pa.p. fcast'ed.n. feast'er. [old Fr. feste; L.
festum, a holiday,frsttts, solemn, festal.]
festal, fes'tal, adj.,pertaining to afeast or holiday ;
joyous : gay.adv. fes'tally.
festive, fes'tiv, adj., relating to or like a feast;
festal: mirthful.-adv. festively. [L.festiz*us.\
festival, fes'ti-val, ., afestive day: a joyful cele
bration : a feast. [fulness, gaiety.
festivity, fes-tiv'i-ti, n. social mirth at afeast ; joy-
festoon, fes-tCOn', . an ornament for afestival: a
garland suspended between two points : in arch.,
an ornament like a wreath of flowers, &c.tKt. to
adorn with festoons :/r./. fcstSon'ing; pa.p.
festfjOned'. [Fx.feston, from L. festum.)
fete, frit, ., afestival orfeast: a holiday.v.t. to
entertain at a feast :pr.p. fet'ing ; pa.p. fet'ed.
[Fr.L.festum.)
Feat, fct, something done: a deed manifesting
extraordinary strength, skill, or courage. [Fr.
fait; old Fr. faict, h.factus, doneL. facio,
to do, to make.]
feature, fet'ur, . tit. the makeorfashion ofa tiling:
the marks by which anything is recognised : the
prominent traits ofanything : the cast of the face.
//. the countenance.adjs. featured, with
features well marked ; featureless, destitute of
distinct features, [old Fr.faicturefaict.)
Feather, fe/A'er, n. lit. that which flutters ; one ol
the growths, generally formed of a quill with a
vane or beard on each side of it, which form the
covering of a bird : a feather-like ornament.v. t.
to furnish or adorn with feathers '.Pr.p. feath
ering ; pa.p. feath'ered. To feather an oar, i .
mOte ; mute ; mCOn ; Men.
 feathery
bring it out of the water in a flat or horizontal
position. [A.$.fytker; Gcr.fcder; Dutch, veder:
connected with L. pcnna, Gr. pteron, Sans.
patatra/at, to fly.)
feathery, feM'er-i, adj., pertaining to, resembling,
or covered withfeathers.
Feature. See under Feat.
Febrile, ferjril, or feb'ril, adj., pertaining tofever;
feverish. [Vr.ffbrile, from L febris, fever.]
febrifuge, foVri-fuj, . a medicine for removing
fever. [L.febris, andfugo, to put to flight.]
February, feb'ro7J-ar-i, n. the month when the
ancient Romans offered sacrifices of expia
tion, because then the last month of the year:
the second month. [L. Februariusfebrua,
the festival of expiationfebruo, to purify.]
Feces, Feculent, &c. See Faces.
Fecund, fck'und, vr t&, adj.,fruitful; fertile: pro
lific. [L.fecundusobs.fro, to bring forth.]
fecundate, fek'und-at, v.t., to makefruitful', to im
pregnate :pr.p. fec/undating ; fa.p. fee undated.
fecundation, fek-un-da'shun, ., the act of impreg
nating: the state of being impregnated.
fecundity, fe-kund'i-ti, n.,fruitfulness ; proUficness
in female animals.
Fed, fed, pa.t. and Pa.p. of Feed.
Federal, fed'er-al, adj., pertaining to or consisting
of a treaty or covenant: founded upon mutual
agreement, as a federal union. [F r. fe'd/ral ;
L. fctdus, foederis, a treaty, akin to fido, to
trust.]
federalist, fed cr-al-ist, . a supporter of a federal
constitution or union, as that of the United
States, Switzerland, &c. fed'eralism, the
principles or cause maintained by federalists.
federate, fed'er-at, adj., united by league; con
federated.adj. federative, uniting in league.
Fee, fe, n. lit. cattle or money ; a grant ofland
forfeudal service : an estate inherited ; recom
pense ; price paid for services, as to a lawyer.
v.t. to pay a fee to ; to hire :pr.p. fce'ing {fa.p.
feed*. [A.S.feoAj cattle, money; Fr. ffjfer, to
grant in fee; allied to h.pecus, cattle, pecunia,
money.]
fief, (if, n. land held of a superior infee or on con
dition of military service ; a feud.
feoff, fff, a fiefv.t. to grant possession of a
fief or property in land.n. feoff'meat, the gift
ofafiefor feoff; fcofl it. he who grants thejief
feud, fQd, n., a jief or land held on condition of
service.adjs. feud al, pertaining to feuds or
fiefs: belonging to feudalism; feudatory, holding
lands in fee. [low L..feudum, from root of Fee.]
feudalism, fud'al-izm, . the system, during the
middle ages, by which vassals held lands from
lords-superior on condition of military service.
Feeble, fe'bl, adj., weak; wanting in strength of
body: shewing weakness or incapacity: faint:
dull.adv. fee"My.n. fee'blenei*. [Fr. faible ;
It. fievole; old Yr.floible; L. flebilis, lament
able, sometimes = debilis, weak.]
feeble-minded, fCbl-mTnd-cd, adj., feeble in mind:
without firmness ; irresolute.
Feed. See under Food.
Feel, fel, v.t. to perceive by the touch; to handle:
to be conscious of: to be keenly sensible of: to
have an inward persuasion of.v.t. to know by
the touch : to have the emotions excited : to
produce a certain sensation when touched, as to
feel hard or hot :pr.p. feeling ; Pa.t. and pa.p.
fate, fax; me, her; mlue ;
r.
Fellow
felt. [A.S. felan, to feel; Gcr. fUhlen; Ice.
fialla, to touch with the palm of the hand.)
feeler, fel'er, n,, one who or- that which feels: a
remark cautiously dropped to sound the opinions
of others.;pi. jointed fibres in the heads of in
sects, &c. possessed of a delicate sense of touch,
termed antenna.
feeling. feTing, the sense of touch; perception
of objects by touch: consciousness of pleasure
or pain: tenderness: emotion.pi. the affections
or passions.adj. expressive of great sensibility
or tenderness: easily affected.adv. feelingly.
Feet, plural of Foot.
Feign, fan( v.t. lit. to make or fashion; to invent :
to imagine : to make a showorpretence of:pr.p.
feign'ing; Pa.p. feigned'.adv. felgn'edly.n.
fclgu'edueea. [Fr. feindre, pr.p. feignant, to
feign\*.fingo,fictum, to form.]
feint, fant, n., somethingfeigned; a false appear
ance ; a pretence : a mock assault ; a deceptive
movement in fencing. [Yr.feint, pa.p. offeindre.]
fiction, fik'shun, ., the act offeigning or invent
ing : a feigned or false story : a falsehood :
romance. [L.fictiojictus, pa.p. offingo.\
fictitious, fik-tishus, adj., containingfiction ; ima
ginary ; not real ; forgedadv. ficti'tlouily.
fictile, fik'tll, adj., formed; moulded: earthen;
fashioned by the potter, [h. fotitisfingo.]
figment, figment, n., anythingfeigned or imagined ;
a fabrication or invention.
Feldspar, feld'spar, Feldspath, fcld'spath, n. , field
spar: a crystalline mineral found in granite, &c.
[Gcr.feld, a field, spath, spar. See Spar.]
feldipatbic, feld-spathlJc, feldspathcue, fcld-spath'os,
adj., pertaining to or consisting offeldspar.
Felicitate, fe-lis'i-tat, v.t. lit. to givefelicity to or
make happy : to express joy or pleasure to ; to
congratulate '.pr.p. felic'itsting ; Pa-P- fElic'-
itated. [h.felicitas, fromfelijc,felicis, happy.]
felicitation, fe-lis-i-ta'shun, n., t/te act offelicttat-
ing*or congratulating.
felicity, fc-Iis'i-ti, happiness; delight: a bless
ing; a happy event.
felicitous, fS-hs'i-tus, adj., haPPy ; prosperous ; de
lightful: appropriate.adv. felic ltouily.
Feline, felTn, adj., pertaining to the cat or the cat-
kind: like a cat. [L.felinusfries, a cat.]
Fell, k\,pa.t. of Fall.
Fell, fel, v.t., to cause tofall; to cut down '.pr.p.
fcll'ing; pa.p. felled'. [A.S.fe/lan, fromftalian,
to fall. Sec Fall.]
feller, fel'er, ., one whofells; a cutter of wood.
Fell, fel, adj., bad; cruel; fierce; bloody. [A.S.
fell; Dutch,/*-/; It.felto: prob. from Celt.fall,
bad, wicked.]n. fell nesa adv. felly,
felon, fel'on, ., a wicked, cruelperson : one guilty
of felony ; a convict,
felony, fel on-i, . lit. afell or wicked deed; orig.
a crime punished by total forfeiture of lands, &c. :
a crime punishable by imprisonment or death,
felonious, fe-lo'ni-us, adj. , wicked; depraved : done
with the deliberate intention to commit crime.
adv. feloniously.n. feloniousness.
Felloe. See Felly.
Fellow, fellO, n. lit. aPartner ingoods; an associate :
a companion and ecjual : one of a pair, a mate :
a member of a university who enjoys a fellow
ship ; a member of a scientific or other society :
a worthless person, [old "E.felaiue; Ice.folagi,
a partner in goods, from fe, money, gcods, and
lag, society, community.]
mOte ; mute ; mOTn ; Men.
*77
 fellow-feeling
fellow-feeling, fcllO-fel-ing, n., feeling between fel
lows or equals ; sympathy.
fellowship, fel'ld-ship, n., the state ofbeingafellow
or partner : friendly intercourse ; communion :
an association : an endowment in a university for
the support of graduates calledfellows; the posi
tion and income ofa fellow : in arith., the propor
tional division of profit and loss among partners.
Felly, fel'j, Felloe, fcllO, n. one of the curved pieces
in the circumference of a wheel. [A.S.fcelge,]
Felon, Felony, &c. See under Fell, adj.
Felspar, same as Feldspar.
Felt, felt, paJ. andpa.p. of FeeL
Felt, felt, n. cloth made of wool united without
weaving.v.t. to make into felt: to cover with
felt :pr.p. felr/ing ; pa.p. felred. [Ger. flz,
woollen cloth, allied to Gr. files, wool wrought
into felt. L. pileus, a felt hat.]
felter, felrer, v.t. to clot together likefelt ifr.p.
felt/erine ; fo-P- felt'ered.
felting, fclt'ing.w., Vie art or process ofmakingfelt.
Felucca, fe-luklca, n., a boat with oars and broad
three-cornered sails, used in the Mediterranean.
[It feluca; slx.filouque: from Ar.fulk, a ship.]
Female, fCmH, adj. ofthe sex thatProducesyoung :
pertaining to females : in bot., having a pistil or
fruit-bearing organ.n. one of the female sex,
[Fr.femelle, dim. oi'L.femina, a womanobs.
fee, to bring forth.]
feminality, fem-i-nal'i-ti, n., thefemale nature.
feminine, femVnin, adj., pertaining to women:
tender, delicate ; womanly: ingram., the gender
denoting females.adv. fem'lninely.
Femoral, fcm'o-ral, adj., belonging to the thigh.
[L.femoralisfemur,femoris, the thigh.]
Fen, fen, . land covered with mud from the over
flowing ofwater ; a morass or bog.adjs. fen'ny,
fcn'niih. [A.S.fenn, Ice.fen, Goth,fani, mud.]
Fence, &c. See under Fend.
Fend, fend, v.t., to defend] to ward off: to shut
out \pr.p. fend'ing ; fa.p. fend'ed. [L. obs.
fendo, root of defendo, to fend or ward off, akin
to Sans, han, to beat.]
fender, fend'er, that whichfends or defends : a
metal guard before a fire to confine the ashes :
a protection for a ship's side.
fence, fens, ., that whichfends or guards: a wall
or hedge for enclosing animals or for protecting
land : the art of fencing : defence.v. t. to en
close with a fence : to fortify.v.i. to practise
fencing:Pr.p. fenc'ing; pa.p. fenced'.
fencing, tensing, adj., defending or guarding.it.
the act of erecting a fence : the art of attack and
defence with a sword or otherweapon.n. fene'er,
one who practises fencing with a sword.
fenclhle, fens'i-bl, adj., capable of beingfenced or
defended.n'pi. fene'lblet, volunteer regiments
raised for local defence during a special crisis :
militia enlisted for home service.
Fenestra!, fe-nes'tral, adj., belonging ti> windows.
[L. fenestralisfenestra, a window, allied to
Gr. phat'nd, to shine.]
Fennel, fcn'el, n. a fragrant plant with yellow
flowers, [A.S. finot; Gcr. fenchel; allied to L.
fomiculum, fennel, fromfenum, hay.]
Feolf. See under Fee.
Feretory, feKC-tor-i, . a place in a church for a
bier. [h.Jeretrumfero, Gr. fherd, to bear.]
Ferine, ferln, adj., pertaining to or like a wild
fate, far ; mc", her ; mine ;
178
fervency
beast; savage. {L.ferimtsfera, a wild beast
ferus, wild ; akin to Gr. thir, Gcr. thier, a beast.]
Ferment, fer'ment, n. lit. that which makesfervent
or boiling; what excites fermentation, as yeast,
leaven : internal motion amongst the parts of a
tluid : agitation : tumult [L. fermentum, for
fervimentumferveo, to boil.]
ferment, fer-menr/, v.t., to excitefermentation; to
inflame.v.i. to rise and swell by the action of
fermentation : to work, used ofwine, &c. : to be
in excited action ; to be stirred with anger :
Pr.p. ferment'ing ; pa.p. ferment'ed.
fermentable, fer-ment/a-bl, adj., capableoffermenta-
tion.n. fermentabiTity.
fermentation, fer-ment-a'shun, n., the act orprocess
offermenting: the change which takes place in
liquids, when exposed to air; putrefaction which
produces alcohol or vinegar : restless action of the
mind or feelings.
fermentative, fer-menr/a-tiv, adj., causing or con
sisting infermentation.n. fennenfatlvenesa.
Fern, fern, . a plant which becomes a tree in the
tropics, producing feather-like leaves called
fronds, so named from the seeds having been
supposed to g^ive the magic power of going in
visible. [A.b.feamfaran, to go.]
ferny, fern'i, adj.,full of ar overgrown withferns.
Ferocious, fe-rO'shus, adj., wild; barbarous: in
clined to savage fierceness : indicating ' great
cruelty.adv. fero'cloualy.n. fero'ciomneM. [Fr.
and \t.feroce"L.fervx, wildySrrwj, wild.]
ferocity, te-ros'i-ti, n., wildness; fury: savage
cruelty ofdisposition : untamed fierceness.
fierce, ffirs, adj., ferocious; violent: angry.adv.
fiercely.n. fierceness. [Fr.f/roce; L,.ferox.~]
Ferreoos, fer'rC-us, adj., pertaining to or made of
iron. \h.ferrtueferrum, iron.]
ferriferoni, fer-rif'er-us, adj., bearing or yielding
iron, [h.ferrum, iron, andfero, to bear.]
fermginoM, fcr-rO'jin-us, adj., ofthe colourofiron-
rust ; impregated with iron. [Lt.fcrrugineus
ferrugo, iron-rustferrum.]
Ferret, fer'et, n. ribbon woven from spun silk. [Fr.
fleurct, coarse silk thread.]
Ferret, fer'et, n. a tame animal of the weasel kind
employed in unearthing rabbits. [Ger. frette ;
Tr.furetfureter, to ferret, to search carefully.
ferret, fer'et, v.t. to search out carefully and min
utely like aferret : to drive out bypatient effort :
pr.p. ferr'eting ; Pa.p. ferr'etcd.
Ferriferous, Ferruginous. See under Ferreona.
Ferrule, fer'rOTl, . a metal ring on a staff", &c \o
keep it from splitting. [Fr. virole, L. viriola, a
bracelet]
Ferry. See under Fare.
Fertile, fer'til, adj.,fruit-bearing : able to produce
abundantly: rich in resources ; inventive.adv.
fertilely. [L.fertilisfero, to bear.]
fertility, fer-til'i-ti, ., the state of beingfertile;
fruitfulness: richness: abundance,
fertilise, fer'til-Tz, v.t., to make fertile or fruitful:
to enrich \pr.p. fertilising ; pa.p. fertilised.
Ferule, ferVOTl, n. a rod used for strikingchildren in
punishment. [L ferula, a cane-feno, tostrike.j
Fervent, ferVcnt, adj. lit. heated, boiling : ardent ;
zealous: warm in feeling.adv. ferVently. [L.
ferveo, to boil, akin to Gr. therd, to heat, E. and
Ger. warm, Sans, ghamta, heat]
fervency, feVven-si, n., state ofbeingfervent; heat
of mind; eagerness; warmth ofdevotion.
mCte ; mute ; mOCn ; Men.
 fervid field-marshal
fervid, ferVid, adj. lit boiling; fiery: very hot: agreed upon. [Fr. feurs, money for tillage : or
having burning desire oremotion,adv. fervidly. \ce.fe,jtar, money.]
n. rer'vtdness. [L.fervidus.]
fervour, fer'vur, n., state ofbeingfervid or boiling Fiat, (Tat, n. lit. let it be done: a formal or
solemn command; a decree. ,. I... 3d. pers. sing,
hot : heat of mind ; zeal. pres. subj. oifio, passive offacto, to do.]
Festal. See under Feut. ,
Fester, fes'ter, v.i. to corrupt or rankle: to suppu Fib,falselyfib, n. lit. a fable or story : something said
rate : to become malignant.v.t. to cause to fib or lie; a; tosoftspeak expression for a lie.V.i. to tell a
fester :fr.p. fes'tering; Pa.p. fes'tered.. a fibbed', [\i.fiaba,falsely \~pr.p. fibbing ; pa.p.
a story, from root of Fable.]
wound discharging corrupt matter. [ ? ] Fibre, ffber, w. one of the small threads compos
Festival, Feitoon. See under Feast. ing the parts of animals or vegetables : any fine
Fetch, fech, v.t. lit. to seize; to bring; to go and thread, or thread-like substance. [L.jibra, a
get : to obtain as its price : to accomplish in any thread, conn, with h.filum, a thread.]adjs.
way : to reach or attain.v.i. to turn : to arrive fl bred, having fibres ; fi brcleaa, having no fibres.
at (naut.) :pr.p. fetching ; pa.p. fetched'. fibrous, fi'brus, adj., composed of or containing
[A.S.fetian, to fetch ; Gcr.fassen, to seize.) fibres.n. fl'brousness.
Fetch, fech, a trick. [A.S.facen, deceit; Ger. fibril, fi'bril, a smallfibre : one ofthe extremely
minute threads composing an animal fibre, [low
faxen, tricks.] h.fbrilla, dim. o(L..fbra.]
Fetch, fech, Fetch-candle, fech'-kan-dl, . the appa fibrinous, fl-bril'lus, adj.t pertaining to fibres;
rition of a living person : a nocturnal light, as of formed of small fibres.
a moving candle, supposed to portend a death, flbrine, fT'brin, n. an organic compound, composed
[prob. from Norwegian Vaelle-lys, the Vaett's or of threadyfibres, found in animals and plants.
goblin's candle = ignis-fatuus.]
Fete. See under Feast. Fickle, fik1, adj. lit moving quickly to andfro ;
Fetich, fetish, h. anything in nature or art to ficol; inconstant; changeable.n. fickleness. [AS.
which a magical power is ascribed, and which is Fictile, Fiction, Gex. ficken, to move quickly to and fro.]
supcrstitiously worshipped, as among certain Fictitious. &c. See under Feign.
African tribes. [Fr. ffticktPort, feilifao, Fiddle, fidl, n. a stringed instrument of music,
magic ; from L. Jicticius, counterfeitjingo, called also a violin.: t. or 1. to play on a fiddle :
ftclus, to form by art : oxfaiidicus, telling fate ;pr.p. fiddling ; pa.p. fiddled.n. fiddler. [A.S.
fatum, fate, dico, to tell : or fromfacto, to make.] Jlthele; Ger.fledel: L.Jtdts, Gr. sphidi, string,
fetichutm, fg'tish-iim, feticlsm, fe'tis-izm, . the wor catgut] See \
ship of afetich ; a belief in charms. Fidelity, fi-deli-ti, ., faithfulness : faithful per
Fetid, fet'id, or fS'tid, adj., stinking; having a formance of duty : honesty : firm adherence.
strong offensive odour. [L. fcetidusfceteo, to [L.fidelitasfidclis, faithful^?t&>, to trust]
stink.]n. fetidness. Fidget, fij'et, v.i. lit to make quick movements : to
be unable to rest ; to move uneasily \pr.p.
Fetlock, fetlok, n. a tuft of hair that grows behind fidg'eting
on horse's feet ; the part where this hair grows. restlessness; Pa.p. fidg'eted.n. irregular motion;
[Feet, and lock : or perhaps Dutch, vitelok, Swiss, with a desire:in//. general nervous restlessness,
of changing the position. [Swiss,
ftslock, pastern ofa horse, low Dutch,./?**, fibres, fitschen, to flutter,figgen, to fidget ; Gtx.ficken,
Sw'\$s$jisel, unravelled threads, a horse's fetlock.] to move to and fro : connected with Fickle.}
Fetter. See under Foot. fidgety, fij'et-i, adj., having fidgets; restless;
retos, ffclus, n. lit. a bringingfortk ; the young in uneasy.n. fidgetiness.
the womb, esp. in its advanced stages. [L., from Fiducial, fi-du'shi-al, adj., skewing confidence or
obs.feo, to bring forth.]
Fen, fu, n. lit. land held onfeudal tenure ; in Scot reliance : of the nature of a trust.adv. Adu'ei-
ally. \\i.fiducia, confidence, fromfdo, to trust!
land, a tenure where the vassal, in place of mili fiduciary, fi-dQ'shi-ar-i, adj., confident ; unwaver
tary services, makes a return in grain or in
money; a sale of Land for a stipulated annual ining:trustheld : in
in trustn. one who holds anything
tlteol., one who depends for salvation
' payment [low L.feiidumroot of Fee.] on faith without works, an AnUnomian. [L.
Feud, fiid, n. lit. revenge, ka/red: a deadly quar fiduciariusfiducia.]
rel between tribes or families ; a bloody strife, Fie, fi, int. denoting disapprobation or disgust.
[A.S. fa-hdh; Ger.fehde: AS. fan, to hate.] [Ger. pfuil Yx.fi! the sound instinctively made
Fend, Feudalism, &c. See under Fee. in presence of a bad smelL]
Fever, fCver, n. a disease marked by great bodily Fief. See under Fee.
keal and quickening of pulse : extreme excite Field, fcld, n., the open, level country; a piece of
ment of the passions ; a painful degree ofanxiety.
v.t. to put into a fever.v.i. to become fevered : ground for tillage or pasture : the locality of a
battle; the battle itself: room for action of any
Pr-P> fevering ; Pa.p. fe'vered. [Fr.jSivrw; Ger. kind: a wide expanse: in her., the surface of a
fieber; L.febrtsprob. fxomferveo, to be hot.] shield ; the background on which figures are
feverish, ft'ver-ish, adj., slightlyfevered ; indicat drawn. [A. S. and Ger.feld; Dutch, vela, the open
ing fever : fidgety ; fickle,adv. fe'verishly.n. country ; prov Dnn.falie, the green-sward ; Scot.
fsverlshness. fale.feal, GaeL fal, a grassy clod.] [fields.
Few, fu, adj., small in number ; not many.. few field-book, fld'-book,
ness. [A.S. feaiva; Goth, favs ; I?r. pcu; L. field-day, fcld'-da, . a.,daya book used in surveying
when troops are drawn
paucus, smatf.] out for instruction infield exercises.
Flare, ffarx, n.pl. in Scotland, the prices of grain fleld-inarshal, ftld'-mar-shal, n. an officer who
legally fixed for the year to regulate the pa] marshals an army in thefield; the highest rank
merit of stipend, rent, and prices not of general officer in the army. [See Marshal.]
f5te, far; me1, her; mine; mote; mute ; mCOn; then.
 field-officer Fillibeg
fteld-offlcer, fld'-of-i-ser, n. a military officer above Filbert, ftl'bcrt, . the fruit or nut of the cultivated
hazel, [a corr. of Fill Beard, because the nut just
a captain, and competent to commanda battalion, fills the cup made by the beards of the calyx.]
field-piece, feld'-pes, . a cannon orpiece of artillery Filch, filch, v.t., to steal; to pilfer '.pr.p. filch'ing :
used in thefield
field-train, fcld'-tran,of.battle,
a department of the Royal pa.p. filched', [perhaps connected with Pluck,
Artillery responsible for the safety and supply of and Scot, pilk, to steal.]
during war.tt.pl. temporary works fllcher, filch'er, ., one whofilc/tes; a thief.
ammunitionfgld'-wurks,
field-v.-orkj. File, fll, n. lit a thread; a line or wire on which
thrown up by troops in thefield, either for pro papers are placed in order ; the papers so
tection or to cover an attack upon a stronghold. placed ; a roll or list : a line of soldiers ranged
Fieldfare, feld'-far, n. a species of thrush, having behind one another.z'.t. to put upon a file ; to
a reddish yellow throat and breast spotted with arrange in an orderly manner : to put among the
black. [A.S. feaivor, fealafor, from fealo, records of a court; to bring before a court.v.i.
yellow, fallow.] to march in a file '.pr.p. fll ing ; pa.p. filed'. [ Fr.
Fiend, ftind, ft, lit a hater, an enemy : the devil : fllaceona, file, from h.filum, a thread.]
one actuated by the most intense wickedness or filament, fil-i'shus, adj. composed ofthreads.
fil'a-ment, it., a thread; a slender or
hate. [A.S.feondfian, to hate.] thread-like object ; a fibre. [Fr.h.filum.]
, fend'isn, adj., like a fiend; malicious. filamentous, fil-a-ment'us, adj., thread-like.
Here*, &c. See under Ferocloui. fllanden, fitan-derz, n.pl. a disease in hawks con
Fiery, &c. Sec under Fir*. sistingoKfilaments of blood, also of small thread
Fife, flf, n. a smallpipe used as a wind-instrument filature, like worms. [Fr.filandresh.filum.]
for military music, an octave higher than the of silk, or the place minutefilament
fil'a-tur, n., a ; the reeling
flute.v.i. to play on the fife.n. lifer, one who filiform, fil'i-form, adj.where having
it is done,
theform of a fila
plays on a fife. [Ger.pfeife ; U.fifara; L.pifio, ment; long and slender, [h.filum, and Form.]
Gr. pippizd, to peep or chirpfrom the sound.] filigree, fil'i-gre*, n. orig. filigrain ; extremely fine
Fifteen, Fifth, &c. See under Five.
Fig, fig, n., the fig-tree or its fruit, growing in mental work of gold and silver wire. [It.orna
thread-like net-work, containing beads ;
fili-
warm climates: a thing of little consequence. granah.filum, and granum, a grain or bead.}
[XS.fic, Gcr.feige, Yr.figue, h.ficus, a fig.] filoee, fI'lOs, adj. ending in a thread-like process.
Fight, fit, V.i. lit to strike with thefist : to strive File, fll, n. lit that whichPolishes or rubs ; a steel
with : to contend in war or in single combat. instrument, with sharp-edged furrows for smooth
v.t. to engage in conflict weth :pr.p. figtit'ing; ing or rasping metals, &c.v.t. to cut or smooth
Pad. and pa.p. fought {fawt).n. a struggle ; a with,
combat; a battle or engagement. [A.S.feoktan, filed'. or[A.S.feol; as with a file '.Pr.p. fifing ; Pa.p.
Gcr./eile; Bohem. pila, a
Gcr. fechtert ; prob. conn, with L. pugnus, the saw, pilnijk, a file ; allied to L. polio, to polish.]
fist, Gr. Pux, with clenched fist.]n. light'er. filing, f 11'ing, n. a particle rubbed off with afile.
fighting, fifing, adj. engaged in or fit for war.n. Filial, fil'yal, adj., pertaining to or becoming a son
the act of fighting or contending. or daughter; bearing the relation ofa child.
Figment. See under Feign. adv. fil ially. [L.filitts, a son, filia, a daughter.]
Figure, fig'Qr, n., the make or form; the form of filiate, fil'i-at, v.t. same as Affiliate,
anything in outline ; the representation of any filiation, fil-i-a'shun, n. same as affiliation.
thing in drawing, &c. ; a drawing; a design ; a
statue ; appearance : a character denoting a Filibuster, FilUburter, fil'i-bus-ter, n. a lawless mili
tary or piratical adventurer; a buccaneer. [Sp.
number: value or price: in rhel., a deviation filibuster, perh. from E. fly-boat, Sp. fiibote, a
from the ordinary mode of expression, in which small, fast-sailing vessel : or corr. from freebooter. ]
words are changed from their literal signification Filiform, Filigree. Sec under File, a thread.
or usage : in logic, the form of a syllogism with
respect to the position of the middle term : steps Filing. See under File, the tool.
in a dance : a type or emblem, [h.figura, from Fill, fil, v.t. to makefull; to put into until all the
fingo, to form, conn, withfacio, to make.] space is occupied: to supply abundantly; to
figure, fig'flr, v.t., to make qtform ; to make an satisfy;
image of: to mark with figures or designs: to supply atovacant glut: to perform the duties of; to
office.v.i. to become full; to
imagine : to symbolise ; to forcshew : to note by become satiated \pr.p. fill'ing ; f>a.p. filled'.
figures.v.i. to make figures ; to appear as a dis . as much as fills or satisfies: a full supply. [A.S.
tinguished person :Pr.p. fig'Gring;pad*, figured. fullanfull, full; Oct.fallen; allied to
[h.figuro, figuratusfigura.] os,pler?s, full, L. piere, Sans. pri,pur,
flgurable, fig'Q-ra-bl, adj., capable offigure or form. to fill.]n. fill'er, he who or that whichfills.
n. flgur&bU'lty.
flgnxate, fig'O-rat, adj., of a certain determinate Fillet, fil'ct, ., a little string or band, esp. to tie
figure.adv. flg'urately. round the head : something tied up with a fillet,
as
lion, fig-Q-ra'shun, ., act of'givingfigure or esp. of veal: meat; the fleshy part of the thigh of meat,
"form ; in music, mixture of chords and discords, used in arch., a small space or band
figurative, figu-ra-tiv, adj. in rhet., representing with a filletwith along mouldings.v.t. to bind or adorn
\~~pr.p. fill'eung ; pa.p. filleted. [Fr.
by containing, or abounding in figures; meta filet, dim. offil, from
phorical; flowery; typical.adv. figuratively, Fillibeg, Phllibeg, fil'i-beg,h.filum, a thread.]
. lit. the little plaui;
figured, fig'urd, adj., marked or adorned with the kilt, the dress or petticoat reaching nearly to
t^S-tmd, fig'ur-hed, ft., thefigure or bust on the the knees, worn by the Highlanders of Scotland.
[Gael, filleadh-bcagfilleadh, plait, fold, and
liead or prow of a ship. beag, little.]
, &c. See under File, a thread.
fate, far ; me, her ; mine ; niOte ; mate ; moon ; f^en.
 Fillip fire-ball
Fillip, fil'ip, vJm to strike with the nail of the ing ance ; artifice.v.*". to use artifice :pr.p. finess
finger, forced from the ball of the thumb with a ; Pa.p. finessed'. [Fr., from root of Fine.]
sudden jerk :pr.p. fill'iping; pa.p. fill'ipcd.n. finical, finl-kal, adj. affectedly fine or precise in
a jerk of the ringer suddenly let go from the fining, trifles ; nice ; foppish.adv. fln'lcally.
thumb, [formed from the sound.] fining, ., process ofrefining or purifying.
Filly, fill, n., a female foal; a young marc: a Fine, fin, . the money paid asfinal settlement of
lively, wanton girl, [fcz.fyl, colt; W .Jftlawg, aimposed suit or claim ; a composition ; a sum of money
as a punishment.In fine, in conclusion.
a filly, a wanton girl.] See Foal. v.t. to impose a fine on ; to punish by fine :
Film, film, ft., a thin skin or membrane, easily Pr.p. fin'ing; pa./>. fined'. [L.finis, an end.]
peeled off; a very slender thread.v.t. to cover finable, fln'a-bl, adj., liable to afine.
with a film, or thin skin.adj. fllm'y, composed of finance, fi-nans*, n. a sum
films or membranes.n. fllm'ineaa. [A.S- ; W. revenue, csp. of a rulerpaid asfinalcomposition ;
or state ; public money.
pilen, thin skin, pilio, to peel.] [FY. ; low L.financiaL. finis.]
flimsy, flim'zi, adj., oftlte nature ofaJilnt ; thin ; financial, fi-nan'shal, adj., pertaining tofinance.
without solidity, strength, or reason ; weak.n. adv. financially.
film sioeflB,
Filter, fil'ter, . orig. a strainer made offelt; a financier, fi-nan'ser, ., one skilled in finance; an
officer who administers the public revenue.
substance through which liquors are strained. Finger, fing'ger, .Ut thefang, ox thatwhichseizes;
v.t. to purify liquor by a filter.v.i. to pass one of the five
through a filter : to percolate :pr.p. fil'tcnng ; finger's breadth ; extreme parts of the hand : a
fa.p. fil'tcrcd. [Ft.filtre; It.feltrare, to filter, fingers.v.t. to skill in the use of the hand or
handle or perform with the
from root of Felt.]
filtrate, fil'trat, v.t., to filter or percolate :/r./. fingers: to pilfer.v.t. to use the fingers on a
fil'trating ; Pa.p. fiTtrated. musical instrument ',pr.p. fin'gering ; Pa.p.
fin'gered. [A.S., Ger., Dan., from root of Fang.]
filtration, fil-trashun, ., act or process offiltering. finger-board, fing'ger-bflrd,
Filth, filth, n.tfoul matter; anything that defiles, musical instrument, on which the board, or part of a
physically or morally. [A.S. fj-ldhfi/l, foul.] fingers are placed. the keys for the
[like fingers.
See FonL
filthy, filth'i, adj., defiledwithfilth; foul ; unclean ; fingering, fingjger-ing, ., act or manner or
fingered, fing'gerd, adj., havingfingers, anything
impure.adv. flltb'Uy.n. filth'ineai. of touching
with thefingers, esp. a musical instrument.
Fimbriate, fim'bri-at. Fimbriated, finVbri-at-ed, adj., finger-port, fing'ger-post, n., a post with a finger
havingfibres on the margin ; fringed. [L. fim pointing, for directing passengers to the road.
briatusfimbriae, fibresfrom root ofFibre.]
fimbriate, fim'bii-iit, v.t., tofringc; to hum '.pr.p. Flnlal. See under Fmiih.
Finical. See under Fine, adj.
fim'briating; pa.p. fim'briated.
Fin, fin, n. lit. a feather; the wing-\ikc organ by of anything v; to perfect
Finish, fin'ish, to end, or complete the making
; to give the last touches
which a fish balances itself and swims. [A.s.fin ; to:pr.p. finishing; pa.p. finished.. that
I,, pinna, a fw,penna, a feather; connected which finishes or completes ; last touch ; the last
with Gr. petomai. Sans, pat, to fly.] coat of plaster to a wall. [Fr. finir,finissant,
finny, fin'i, adj.,furnished withfins. L.finirefinis, an end.] [perfects,
Final, ffnal, adj., pertaining to the end; last: finisher, fin'ish-er, ., one whofinishes, completes, or
decisive : respecting the end or motive.adv. finial, finl-al, n. lit. that whichfinishes; the bunch
finally. [L. finalisfinis, an end.] of foliage, &c at the top of a pinnacle; the pin
finale, fiE-nala, the end; the last passage in a nacle itself, [from L.yfitf.]
piece of music ; the concluding piece in a con finite, fl'nTt, adj., havinganendor limit:opposed
cert. [It.finale, finalL.finis.) to Infinite.aoV. n nitely.. fi'nlteneu. [L.
finality, fl-nal'i-ti, n., slate ofbeingfinal. finitus, pa.p. offinio.]
Finance, &c. See under Fine, a penalty. Finny. Sec under Fin.
Finch, finsh, n. the name of several species of birds, Fir, ftr, n. the name of several species of cone-
many of them excellent singers. [A.S. fine; bearing, resinous trees, valuable for their timber.
Gcr.finh; allied to h.fringttla, and W. pine: [A.S.furh; Ice./wra; Gcr.fifhre; W.j>yr.)
prob. formed from the sound of its note.] Fire, fTr, n. lit. the purifier; the heat and light
Find, find, v.t., to come upon or meet with : to dis caused by burning ; flame ; anything burning, as
cover, or arrive at : to perceive : to experience : fuel in a grate, &c. ; a conflagration : torture by
to supply :pr.p. finding ; pa.t. andPa.p. found. burning; severe trial: anything inflaming or
. flnd'er. [A.S.findan; Gcr.finden ; perhaps provoking; ardour of passion : vigour : bright
allied to L.venio, to come, tn-venio, to come upon.] ness of fancy: enthusiasm: sexual love. [A.S.,
Fine, fin, adj. lit. eitherfinished or brought to an toIce.,Sans, and Dan.^jr; Ccr.feuer; Gx.pyr; allied
puvana, fire, pii, pure.]
end, ox bright; excellent; beautiful; not coarse fire, fir, v.t., to set onfire; to inflame : to irritate ;
or heavy : subtile ; thin ; slender ; exquisite ; nice ;
delicate: overdone; showy; splendid. v.t. to to animate: to cause the explosion of; to dis
charge.v.i. to take fire : to be or become irri
make fine; to refine; to purify :/r.j*. fining;
Pa. p. fined'. [L. finitus, finished, from fints, tated or inflamed : to discharge firearms .Pr.p.
an end : or Ice. finn, bright ; Gael, fionn, white, fiery, fIrlng; pa.p. fired'.
fair.]adv. flnerly.n. fine'neia, firi, or fYer-i, adj., consisting of'orhkeym- :
finer, fln'cr, n. same as refiner, ardent; impetuous; irritable.n. fl'erineas.
finery, fln'er-i, n. lit. fineness ; splendour, fine or firearms, flr'armz, n.pl, arms or weapons which
are discharged byfire exploding gunpowder.
showy things : a place where anything is fined or fire-ball, flr'-bawl, ., a ball filled with combustibles
refined ; a furnace for making iron malleable,
finesse, fi-nes', n. Ut. fineness ; subtilty of contriv- to "be thrown among enemies : a meteor.
fate, far; me, her; mine; mCtc ; mute ; mCOn ; Men.
1S1
 fire-box
fire-box, fIr -boles, n. the box or chamber of a steam-
engine, in which thefire is placed.
fire-brand, fir'-brand, n.K a brand or piece of wood
on fire: one who inflames the passions of
others.
fire-brick, fTr'-brik, ., a brick so made as to resist
the action offire.
fire-brigade, flr^brig-3d, ., a brigade or company
of men for ejetinguishin^yfres or conflagrations.
fire-clay, fir'-kla, n. a kind of clay, capable of
resistingfire, used in making fire-bricks.
fire-cock, flr'-kok, ., a cock or spout to let out water
for extinguishingfires.
fire-damp, firedamp, ., agas, carburettedhydrogen,
in coal-mines, apt to takefire.
fire-engine, fIr'-en-jin, anengineor forcing pump,
used to extinguishfires with water.
fire-escape, fir'-cs-kap, n. a machine used to enable
people to escape hornfires.
fire-fly, flr'-flT, n. a winged luminous fly which
emits a bright light like ajfrr-spark.
firelock, fIr'lok, n. a gun in which thefire is caused
by a lock with steel and flint.
fireman, fTr'man, n. , a man whose business it is to
assist in extinguishing fires ; a man who tends
the fires, as of a steam-engine.
fire-place, fTr'-plas, ft., the place in a house appro
priated to thefire ; a hearth.
fire-plug, fIr'-plug, n., a plug- placed in a pipe which
supplies water in case offire.
fire-proof, fTr'-prOOf, adj. , proofagainstfire.
fire-ship, fir'-ship, n. , a ship filled with combustibles,
to set an enemy's vessel on fire.
fireside, fTrsld, the side of the ,/fnr-pIacc ; the
hearth: home.
fire-stone, fir'-stOn, n. a kind of sandstone that
bears a high degree of heat.
flre-worki, fir'-wurks, n.pi. artificial works or pre
parations of gunpowder, sulphur, &c. to befired
chiefly for display or amusement.
fire-worahlp, flr'-wur-ship, the worship offire,
chiefly in Persia
firing, firming, n. aand India..to fire'-worahlpper.
puttingyfnr or discharge of
guns: firewood; fuel.
Firkin, fcrTdn, n. a measure equal to the fourth
part of a barrel; o ale gallons, or j\ imperial
gallons, [diminutive of Fonr.]
Firm, ferm, adj. lit. supported or made fast ; fixed ;
compact ; strong : not easily moved or disturbed ;
unshaken ; resolute ; decided.adv. firm ly..
firm'new. [Fr.forme; L.firmus ; allied to Sans.
dhri, to bear, to support.]
firm, ferm, n. orig. a firm or confirming signa
ture ; the title under which a company transacts
business. [It. firma, from L.firmus.]
firmament, fer'ma-ment, n. lit. that which is firm
or supports ; the sphere in which the stars were
supposed to have been fixed; the sky. [Fr. ;
L. firmamenturnfirmus. The l^.firmamen-
tum is a translation of the Heb. rakia, meaning
that which is spread out The Hebrews sup
posed the firmament to be solid.]
firmamental, fer-ma-mcnt'al, adj., pertaining to the
firmament; celestial.
Firman, fe/man, . lit measure, decree; any decree
emanating from the Turkish government. [Pers.
fermAn; Sans, pram&na, measure, decision.]
First, first, adj.,foremost; preceding all others, in
place, time, or degree ; most eminent ; chief.
adv. before anything else, in time, space, rank,
&c. [A.S. fyrst; Ice. fyrstr, superl. oi fyri,
before : from root of Fere. J
fate, far ; me", her ; mine ;
Fit
first-born, ferst'-bawrn, adj., bomfirst.n. the first
in the order of birth ; the eldest child,
first-fruit, ferst'-froot, first-fnxiu, first/-frOOts, n. the
fruitsfirst gathered in a season ; the first profits
or effects of anything,
firstling, ferst/ling, n., thefirst produce or offspring,
csp. of animals. [First, and dim. ling.]
first-rate, ferst'-rat, adj. of thefirst or highest rate
or excellence ; pre-eminent in quality, size or
estimation.
Flrtk, forth, same as Frith.
Flic, fisk, n. lit a basket, esp. money-basket or
Ftirse ; the state treasury ; the public revenue.
Fr.;isc; h.fiscus, a basket, the treasury.]
fiscal, fisk'al, adj.,pertainingto thepublic treasury
or revenue.n. a treasurer; an officer in Scot
land who prosecutes in petty criminal cases.
Fish, fish, n. an animal that lives in water, and
breathes through gills ; the flesh of fish.v.i. to
try to catch fish : to seek to obtain by artifice.
v. t. to search for fish ; to search by sweeping ; to
draw out or up:pr.p. fish'ing; pa.p. fished'.
[\.S.fisc; Ger.fisch; Icc. fiskr; Goth, fisks;
L. piscis ; W. Pysg; Gr. ichthys; Gael, iasg.}
fisher, fish'er, fisherman, fish'er-man, m., one who
fishes, or whose occupation is to catch fish.
fishery, fish'er-i, n., the business ofcatchingfish; a
place for catching fish.
fishing, fishing, adj., used infishery.n. the art or
practice of catching fish.
fishmonger, fish'-mung-ger, n., a dealer in fisk.
[Fish, and Monger.]
fishy, fish/i, adj., fisk-like ; consisting of fish;
having the qualities offish ; abounding in fish.
. fish lneas.
Fission, fish'un, n., a cleaving or breaking up into
two parts. [L.fissiofindo,fissum, to cleave.]
fissile, ns'sil, adj., that may be cleft or split in the
direction of the grain. [h.fissilis, fromfindo.}
fissiparous, fis-sip'a-rus, adj., propagated by spon
taneous fission into minute parts. [L. fitsus,
pa.p. offindo, andPario, to bring forth.]
flaairostral, fis-si-ros'tral, adj. (having a deeply deft
or gaping beak, as swallows, &c. [L.fissus, and
rostrum, a beak.]
fissure, fish'Or, n., a cleft or slit; a narrow opening
or chasm. [L.fissura.]
Fist, fist n,, the closed or clenched hand, orig. as
used for striking. [A.S.fyst; Gcr.faust; W.
ffusto, to beat ; L. fusits, a club; allied to L.
pugnus, a fist, Gr. Pux, with clenched fist]
Fistula, fist'O-la, n. lit a pipe or whistle; a deep,
narrow, pipe-like, sinuous ulcer. [L. fistula.]
flstular, fist'u-lar, adj. hollow like a Pipe.
flstulate, fisr/fl-lat, v.i., to become hollow orfistular;
Pr.p. fist'Olating ; Pa.p. fisr/ulated.
fistulous, fist'Q-Ius, adj., ofthe nature orform ofa
fistula.
Fit, fit, adj. lit made or fashioned : adapted to
any particular end or standard ; qualified ; con
venient; proper.v.t. to make fit or suitable;
to suit one thing to another: to be adapted to :
to qualify.v.i. to be suitable or becoming.:
pr.p. fitting ; pa.p. fitted. [Fr.fait, made, L.
foetusfacto, to make.]adv. fitly,n. flt'ness.
fitter, fit'er, ., lie who or that which makesfit.
fitting, fit'ing, adj., fit ; appropriate.. anything
used, in fitting up, csp. in //.adv. fittingly.
Fit, fit, n. a sudden and sharp attack of a disease
like a stab; a sudden attack by convulsions, ax
mote ; mute ; muSn ; Men.
 fitful
apoplexy, epilepsy, &c. ; convulsion or par
oxysm : a temporary attack of anything, as
laughter, &c. : an interval ; a passing humour.
\lt. fitta, a stab or sharp pain, from L.figo, to
pierce : or from root of light,]
fitful, fir/fool, adj.^fulloffits; marked bysudden im
pulses ; spasmodic-adv. flt'fully.. fit'fnines*.
Fitch, fitsh, n. now Vetch.in B.t in Isaiah, the
black poppy, with a seed like cummin ; in
Ezckiei, a kind of bearded wheat.
Fitchet, fitsh'ct, Fitchew, fitsh'uu, n. a polecat, [old
Fr.fissau, aUied to h.foeteo, to stink.]
Fitful, &c. See under Fit, n.
Fitter, Fitting. See under Fit, adj.
Fits, fits, . (a prefix), sate of; used in England, esp.
of the illegitimate sons of kings ana princes.
[Norman, flics, fiz, Fr. fils, L. filius, Ru&s.
suffix, witch, a son.]
Five, flv, adj. and n. four and one. [A.S.jSf; Ger.
f&nf; Goth. fimf; \i.p-ump; L. quinque ; Gr.
Pente,pempe;
fivefold, Sans, panchan.]
fivefold, adj.,Jive times/aided or repeated ;
in fives.
fives, fivz, n.pl. a game with a ball played against
a wall, so named because three Jives or 15 are
counted to the game.
fifteen, fiftSn, adj. and n.,five and ten. \Pk..%.fif-
tynefif, five, tyn, ten.]
fifteenth, fif'tenth, adj., the fifth after the tenth;
being one of fifteen equal parts.n. a fifteenth
part. [A.S. /ifteothaJif, five, teotha, tenth.]
fifth, fifth, adj. next after the fourth.. one of
five equal parts. [A,S.fifta.}
fifthly, nfth'h, adv.. in thefifth place.
fifty, fif'ti, adj. and n.,five tens or five times ten.
{A.S.jiftigfif, five, tig, ten.]
fiftieth, fif'ti-eth, adj. the ordinal of fifty.n. a
fiftieth part. [A.S. fiftigotha.\
Fix, fiks, v.t.f to itnd or make firm ; to establish ;
to drive into; to implant: to pierce; to fasten
firmly ; to settle : to direct steadily : to deprive
of volatility.v.i. to settle or remain perma
nently : to become firm ; to congeal '.pr.p. fiV-
ing ; Pa.p. fixed'. [L. figo, fxus ; Gr. pign-umi;
connected with Sans, pap, to bind.]
fixation, fiks-a'shun, n., act affixing or state of
being fixed ; steadiness ; firmness : state in which
a body does not evaporate.
fixed, fikst, adj., made firm; settled; not apt to
evaporate.-adv. fix'edly.n. flx'edneu.
fixity, fiks'i-ti, n.,fixedness.
fixture, fiks'tur, what isfixed to anything, as to
land or to a house ; a fixed article of furniture.
Firs, fiz. Fizzle, fiVl, v.i., to make a hissing sound.
[formed from the sound.]
Flabby, flab'i, adj., apt to flap; easily moved or
shaken; soft and yielding; hanging loose..
flabb'ineai. [from Flap.]
Flaccid, ftAVs\o\,adj.,flabby;flagging; lax; easily
yielding to pressure ; soft and weak. [L. jlac-
cidusflaccus, flabby; connected with Flap.]
adv. fiac'cldly.
flacddneie, flak'sM-ncs, flaccldity, flak-sid'i-ti, .,
state ofbeingflaccid; want of firmness.
Flag, flag, v.i., to lag or hang loose: to grow
languid ; to grow spiritless :Pr.p. flagging ;
Pa.p. flagged'.-n. a water-plant. [W. Hag, slack,
slow; Dutch,jiaggeren, to be loose; akin to L.
Jlaccus, drooping.]
flaggy, flab'i, adj. flexible ; not stiff: weak ; insipid:
full of the plant flag.n. ftagg'lneis.
fate, far ; ml, her ; mine ;
flanker
Flag, flag, n. anything thaty//Vr or flutters in the
wind ; the ensign of a ship or of troops. [A.S.
fleogan, to fly.]
Flag, a stone. See under Flake.
Flagellate, flaj'el-Iat, v.t., to "whip or scourge:
pr.p. flag'ellating ; pa.p. flag'ellated.. flagel-
la'tlon. \L..flagcao,flagellatusflagellutn, dim.
offlagrum, a whiprootflag, to burn.]
flagellant, naj'el-lant, n., one who scourges himself
in religious discipline. [L. flagellans, flagel-
lantis, pr.p. ofjiagelloJ]
flail, flfil, n. a wooden instrument/^*- beating or
threshing corn, [old Yr.flael, Gcr. flegel, from
L. flagellum.\
Flageolet, flaj'o-let, . a small wind-instrument like
a flute, but with the mouthpiece at the end.
[Fr.old Yx.flageoler, to pipe; Yiov.flageol,*
pipe.] See Flute.
Flagglneu, Flaggy. See under Flag, to droop.
Flagitious, fla-jish'us, adj., disgraceful; grossly
wicked ; villainous : guilty of enormous crimes.
adv. flagl'tloualy.n. flagi'tiouaneu. [L.ffagi-
tiosusflagitium, anything disgraceful done in
the heat ofpassionJtagito, to demand hotly
rootflag, to burn.]
Flagon, fiajr'un, n. a drinking vessel with a narrow
neck. [Fr. flacon forffascon.] See Flask.
Flagrant, flagrant, adj. orig. flaming, burning:
eager: glaring; enormous. n. fla'grancy.adv.
flagrantly. [L. flagratis, jiagrantis, pr.p. of
Jlagro, to flamerootflag, to burn.]
Flail. See under Flagellate.
Flake, flak, n. a small part thatflies off; a scale ;
a small layer ; a very small loose mass, as of
snow or wool.v.t. to form into flakes.z>.i. to
separate in layers ; to scale off :pr.p. flak'ing ;
P<* P- fUked'. [A.S.jlacea, snoyr-n^k^sfleogan,
to fly ; Ger. jiockeffiegen, to fly ; conn, with L.
floccus, a flock of wool, Scot,flag, a snow-flake.)
flaky, flak'i, adj., consisting offlakes or layers.n.
flak'lneia.
flag, flag-etone, flag'-ston, n., a stone that separates
injlakes or layers ; a fiat stone used for paving.
Flambeau. See under Flame.
Flame, flam, n., that which bums; a blaze ; heat :
rage; ardour of temper; vigour of thought;
warmth ofaffection ; love.v.i. to burn as flame :
to break out in passion '.Pr.p. flam'im; ; Pa.p.
flamed'. [Fr. jiatntne, from L. flamma, for
fiagmajlag, root offlagro, to burn ; Gr. phleg.
Sans, bhrag, to shine.]
flambeau, ftam'bO, n. a flaming torch.//, flam'-
beaux (bO). {Yr.flamoer, to flameh.Jlamma,}
nameless, flam'les, adj., withoutflame.
flaming, flam'ing, adj. bright like a flame ; red ;
gaudy: violent; vehement. adv. ftam'tngly.
flamingo, fla-mingVu, n. a tropical bird of aflaming
or bright-red colour, with long legs and neck,
flammlferous, flam-nuf'cr-us, adj., producingflame.
[L. flamma, andfero, to bear, produce.]
Flange. See under Flank.
Flank, flangk, n., theflabby or weak part or side
of an animal from the ribs to the thigh ; the
side of anything, esp. of an army or fleet.v.t.
to attack or pass round the side of.v.i. to be
posted on the side ; to touch \~pr.p. flank'ing ;
pa.p. flanked'. [Fr.Jlanc, \%.. fianco, prob. from
L.. floccus, flabby ; Gr. lagdn, the flank, laganos,
hollow and soft.]
flanker, flank'er, . a fortification which commands
m5tc ; mute ; mGDn ; Men.
 flange
the flank of an assailing force.v.t. to defend
by flankers ; to attack sideways 'pr.p. flank'er-
ing; Pa-P. flank'ered.
flange, flanj, n. a raised edge orflank on the rim of
a wheel, as of a railway carriage.
Flannel, iL-m'd, n. a soft woollen cloth of loose
texture, [ong.flannenW. givlanen, wool.]
Flap, flap, n., the sound of a blow from a broad,
flat object; the blow or motion of a broad loose
object ; anything broad and flexible hangingloose,
as the tail of a coat.v.t. to beat or move with a
flap.v.i. to move, as wings ; to hang like a flap :
Pr.p. flapping ; Pa.p. flapped'.. flapp'er.
[from the sound, conn, with Flabby, Flaccid, Flag.]
Flare, flar, v.t., toflutter orflicker; to burn with
an unsteady light ; to glitter : to be exposed to
too much light : to spread outward :pr.p. flar
ing ; pa.p. flared'.n. an unsteady, offensive
light [Gkr.flackemflacken, to flutter, to flare,
akin tofliegen, to fly.]
flicker, flik'er, v.t., toflutter and move the wings,
as a bird ; tft burn unsteadily, as a flame '.fr.p.
flickering; flick'ered. [A.S. fliccenan
flyege, able to Ryfleogan, to fly.]
Flaab, flash, n, a momentary flood oflight : a sudden
burst, as of merriment ; a short transient state.
v.t. to break forth, as a sudden light ; to break
out into intellectual brilliancy; to burst out into
violence.v.t. to cause to flash:Pr.p. flash'-
ing ; pa.p. flashed', [from the sound made by a
dash of water or a sudden burst of name.]
flashy, flash'i, adj., flashing; dazzling for a
moment; showy but empty.adv. flaih'Uy.n.
flash'ineu.
Flask, flask, n. , aflagon or narrow-necked vessel for
holding liquids; a bottle. [A.S. flasc, flaxa;
r.flasguc,flacon,flascont perhaps from L. vas-
culutn, dim. of vas, a vessel.]
Flat, flat, adj., having an even surface; smooth:
level with the ground ; wanting points of pro
minence and interest; monotonous: dejected:
in music, opposite of sharp.n. a level plain ; a
tractcovered by shallow water: something broad :
a story or floor of a house : in music, a character
which lowers a note a semitone. [Dutch,
plat, Ger. plait; akin to L. lotus, Gr. platus,
broad.]adv. flatly.. flafnen.
flatten, flat'n, v.t., to make flat.v.i. to become
flat 'pr*f. flattening : pa.p. flattened.
flattlah, flatlsh, adj., somewhatflat.
flatwise, flat'wlz, adj. or adv., flatways or with
the flat side downward.
flatter, flat/er, v.t. orig. to stroke, and so to make
flat ; to soothe with praise and servile attentions ;
to please with false hopes :pr.p. flattering;
Pa.p. flattered.. flatterer.
flattering, flater-ing, adj., bestowing flattery ;
uttering false praise; pleasing to pride or vanity.
adv. flatteringly.
flattery, flatr-i, act offlattering; false praise.
Flatulent, flatd-lcnt, adj., windy; affected with air
in the stomach ; apt to generate wind in the
stomach : empty ; vain.adv. flat'olently. [low
\.,flatuUntusL.flo,flatus, to blow.]
flatulence, flat'u-lcns, flatulency, flat'O-len-si, n., state
of being flatulent ; air generated in a weak
stomach. [low h*flatulentiaL.flatulentus.]
flatus, fla'tus, n. a puff of wind; air generated in
tlie stomach or any cavity of the body. [L.]
Flatwise. See under Flat.
ffite, far; m5, her ; mine ;
fleet
Flaunt, flant or flaunt, v.i., tofly or wave in the
wind ; to move ostentatiously ; to carry a saucy
appearance :/r.^. flaunting ; pa.p. flaunted.
n. anything displayed for show, [prob, from
A. S. fleogan, contractedfleon, to fly.]
Flautist. See under Flute.
Flavour, fta'vur, . that quality of anything which
affects the smell or the palate.v.t. to impart
flavour to 'pr.p. fla'vouring ; Pa.p. flavoured.
[Fr. flairer, L..fragrv, to smell.]
flavourless, fla'vur-lcs, adj., withoutflavour.
flavoroua, fla'vur-us, adj., ofa pleasantflavour.
Flaw, flaw, n., a break, a crack; a defect.v.t. to
crack or break '.pr.p. flawing ; Pa.p. flawed*.
[A.S. floh, Goth, flaga, a fragment; "W.fllaw,
a splinter.]
flawless, flawles, adj., freefromflaws.
flawy, flawl, adj.,full offlaws or cracks ; faulty.
Flax, flaks, n, the fibres of a plant easily plaited,
made into thread, and woven; the flax-plant.
[A. S.fleax, Ger.flacks, akin toflechten, to plait,
and Gr. plekd, to plait, to weave.]
flaxen, flaks'n, adj., made of or resembling flax ;
fair, long, and flowing.
Flay, fla, v.t. to cut off inflags orflakes; to skin :
Pr.p. flaying ; Pa.p. flayed'. [AS.flean ; Ice.
flaga, to cut turfs. See Flake.]
Flea. See under Flee.
Fleam, flem, n. an instrument used for cutting the
veins of cattle to let blood. [Fr. flamme, old
Ger.fliedemeGr.phlebotomon, a lancetphleps,
phlcbos, a vein, and temnff, to cut.]
Fleck, flek, Flecker, flek'ir, v.t., to spot or speckle ;
to streak :Pr.p. flecking, fleck'ering ; pa.p.
flecked', fleck'ered. [Ger. fleck, a spot.]
Flection, Same as Flexion.
Fled, fled,/a.r\ and Pa.p. of Flee.
Fledge, flej, v.t. to enable to fly by furnishing with
feathers :Pr.p. fledging ; Pa.p. fledged'. [A.S.
fleogan, Ger. fliegen, to fly.]
fledgeling, fiej'ling, n. a little bird justfledged.
Flee, AC, v.i. to run with rapidity, as ifflying; to
run away.v.t. to keep at a distance from:
pr.p. fleeing ; pa.t. andpa.p. fled. [A. S.fleohau,
contracted fleon, akin to fleogan, to ny ; Ger.
flieken, akin tofliegen, to fly.] See Fly.
flea, fle, . a small insect remarkable for its power
of fleeing and troublesome bite. [A.S. flea
fleohan.]
Fleece, fles, w. lit, that which is woven ; the coat
of wool shorn from a sheep at one time.v.t. to
clip wool from : to plunder : to cover, as with
wool :pr.p. fleecing; Pa.p. fleeced'. [A.S.flys, '
Dutch, vhes, L. vellus; from root of Flax.]
fleeced, flest, adj., having afleece.
fleecer, fleYer. ., one who strips or plunders,
fleeceleea, flesles, adj., having nofleece.
fleecy, flsl, adj. covered with wool ; woolly.
Fleer, fler, v.t. or i., to make wryfaces in contempt,
to mock :P^-P- fleering ; pa.p. fleered'..
mockery. [Scot fleyr, to make wry faces, Ice.
flyra, to leer.]
Fleet, flet, . lit. that whichfloats; a number of
ships in company, especially ships of war. [A.S.
flict, flotafleotan, to float, frcq. of flcowan,
to flow ; Ger. flotteflUsscn, to flow ; L.fluito,
to RozXfluo, to flow.]
flotilla, flo-til'a, n. lit. a littlefleet; a fleet of small
ships. [Sp., dim. offlota, Fr.flotle, a fleet.]
fleet, flet v.i. lit toflow away; to pass swiftry :
m5te ; mute ; mODn ; Men.
 fleeting
Pr.p. fleeting : pa.p. fleered.adj. swift; nimble :
fleeting or transient : superficial,adv. fleetly.
w. fleet nera. [A.S.fleotan, to float-fleowan.]
fleeting, flft'ing, adj., passing quickly; not lasting ;
temporary.-adv. fleetfingly.
Flemish, flem'ish, adj. of or belonging to the Flem
ings or people of Flanders.
Flense, flens, v.t. to cut up the blubber of, as a whale.
[Dan. flense, Scot, flitxh.]
Flesh, flesh, n. the soft substance which covers the
bones of animals : animal food ; the bodies of
beasts and birds, not fish : the body, not the soul :
animals or animal nature ; mankind : bodily
appetites ; the present life : the soft substance of
fruit; the part of a fruit fit to be eaten. [A.S.
fla*sc; Ger. fleische, the soft pulp of fruits, flesh.]
fleah, flesh, v.t. to train to an appetite for flesh, as
dogs for hunting ; to accustom ; to glut : to use
upon flesh, as a sword, esp. for the first time.
fleshed, flcsht, adj., havingflesh ; fat.
fleshiest, fleshles, adj., withoutflesh ; lean.
fleshly, fleshli, adj., pertaining to the flesh; cor
poreal; carnal; not spiritual.n. fleih'Uneee.
fleshy, flesh'i, adj.,full ojflesh; fat; pulpy; plump.
--adv. flesh'Uy.. flesh iness.
Flew, flCO, past tense of Fly.
Flexible, fleks'i-bl, Flexile, fleks'il, adj., that maybe
bent; pliant: docile.n. flexMbleneae.adv. flex
ibly. [L.flexibilisfle.xilisflectojlejcumtto bend.]
flexibility, fleks-i-bil'i-ti, n.t the quality of being
flexible ; pliancy ; easiness to be persuaded.
flexion, flck'shun, *., the act ofbending; a bend ; a
fold. [Uflexioflecto.)
flexor, flcks'or, n. a muscle which bends a joint.
flexaons, fleks'u-us, flexnoee, flcks'u-os, adj.,full of
windings and turnings; variable.
flexure, fleks'ur, ., a bending, a turning; bending
of the body : a joint, [h.flexura.\
nicker. See under FUre.
Flier, Flight, Flighty, &c. See under Fly.
Flimsy, FUmxlnen. See under Film.
Flinch, flinsh, v.i. to shrink back ; to fail :pr.p.
flinch'ing ; pa.p. flinched'.n. ninch'tr.adv.
flinch'ingly. [a form offlick or flicker.]
Fling, fling, v.t., to strike or throw from the hand ;
to dart; to send forth; toscatter.v.i. to flounce;
to act in a violent and irregular manner ; to up
braid; to sneer:-pr.p* fling'ing ; pad. andpa.p.
flung.n. a cast or throw : a taunt. [Scot fling,
to strike with the foot, as a horse ; old Sw.flenga,
to strike ; akin to h.fligo, to strike.]
Flint, flint, . lit. arrow-stone; a very hard kind
of stone, formerly used for arrow heads ; a piece
of flint used for striking fire : anything proverbi
ally hard. [A.S. flint, Ger. flins, Fris. flen-
sticrt,flanstienIce.fleinn, A. S.flan, an arrow
or dart, and stum, a stone.]
flinty, flinrl, adj., consisting ofor likeflint; hard;
not impressible ; cruel.n. fllnflneu.
nip, flip, n. a hot drink of beer and spirits sweet
ened- [W. gwlyb, liquor.]
Flippant, flip ant, adj. , ofsmooth and rapid speech ;
pert; thoughtless.vxdv. flippantly, [prov. E.
flip, to move quickly : prob. from the sound of
a slight quick blow.]
flippancy, flip'an-si, fllppantnen, fiip'ant-nes, .f the
state ofbeingflippant ; smoothness and rapidity
of speech ; pettness.
Flirt, flert, v.i. lit. to trifle; to act with giddiness,
or so as to attract attention ; to play at court
fate, far ; me, her ; mine ;
florid
ship:^./, flirt'ing; Pa.p. flirt'ed. n. a pert,
giddy girl. [A.S. fleardian, to trifle.]
flirtation, flert-a'shun, ., the act offlirting.
Flit, flit, v.i., to remove from place to place ; to
flutter on the wing; to flyquickly ; to be unsteady
or easily moved '--Pr.p. flitt'ing ; pa.p. flitt'ed.
[akin to Scot flit,flyt, to remove, Ice. flyttia,
to transport.]
flittlngs, ftirmgs, n.pl. in Pr. Bk., wanderings.
Flitch, flich, n. the side of a hog salted and cured.
[A.S.flt'cce; prov. E. flick, bacon.]
Float, flot, v.i., to flow or swim on a liquid ; to be
buoyed up ; to move lightly and irregularly.
v.t. to cause to swim; to cover with water:
Pr.p. float'ing ; pa.p. float'ed.. anything swim
ming on water ; a raft ; the cork on a fishing-line.
'/.floater. [A.S.fleotan, flotan, tofloat.J See
Fleet, and Flow.
floatable, flot'a-bl, adj., that may befloated.
floatage, flotage, flGt'ij, ., things foundfloating an
rivers or on the sea.
floating, flot'ing, adj., swimming; not fixed ; circu
lating.adv. float ingly.
flotation, flo-ta'shun, ., the act offloating.
flotsam, flot'sam, flotion, flot'son, . goods lost by
shipwreck, and foundfloating on the sea.
Floccoae, &c. See under Flock, a flake.
Flock, flok, a flight of birds sitting on the
ground ; a company ; a Christian congregation.
v.i. to gather in flocks or in crowds :pr.p.
flock'ing; Pa.p. flocked'. [A.S. floe, a flock, a
company,,}?^, a flyingfleogan, to fly.]
Flock, flok, n. a lock orflakef as ofwool. [See Flake.]
floceose, flok'os, flocky, flok't, adj., abounding with
flocks or locks. [L. floccosusfloccus, a flock.]
floccolent, flok'Q-Ient, adj., adhering in locks or
flakes.n. flocc'nlence.
Floe, flO, ., a flake or piece of ice detached from
an ice-fieid ; a Large collection of floating ice.
{Oxci.flag {ofits, of ice).] See Flake.
Flog, flog, v.t., to beat or strike ; to lash ; to chas
tise with blows :pr.p. flogg'ing ; pa.p. flogged',
[akin to Scot, fleg, a blow ; L.flag, root ofjlag-
rum, a vfaxn'fligo, Gr. pllssd, to beat.]
Flood, &a See under Flow.
Floor, flOr, n. lit. a flat surface; the part of a
room on which we stand ; a platform : the rooms
in a house on the same level, a story.v.t. to
furnish with a floor :Pr.p. floor'ing ; pa.p.
floored'. [A.S.flor, W. llawr, Dutch, vloer, a
flat surface ; Ger. flur, flat land.]
flooring, floVing, . , materialforfloors ; a platform.
Flora, flO'ra, . in myth., the goddess offlowers;
the whole of the plants of a particular country ;
a catalogue of plants, [h.flos, a flower.)
floral, flo'ral, adj.,pertainingto Flora or toflowers;
in bot., containing the flower.
florescence, fltl-rcs'ens, n.t a bursting into flower X
xnbot., the time when plants flower. [L,.florescenst
pr.p. offloresco, to begin to blossomfloreo, to
blossom;fios, a flower. J
floret, floret, n., a littleflower; in bot., a separate
little flower of an aggregate flower.
floriculture, fl<y*ri-kul-tur, n., the culture offlmvers
or plants. [L.flos,floris, a flower, and culture.]
adj. florlcnl'tnr&Ln. florlcnl'toriat, a florist.
florid, flor'id, adj. lit. flowery ; bright in colour :
flushed with red : containing flowers of rhetoric
or lively figures ; richly ornamental.adv. flor*-
idly.n. flor'idneis. [L.floridusflos.]
mOte ; mute; mGOn; then.
1S5
 floriferous
SoruTerous, flS-rif'er-us, adj., bearing or producing
flavors. [L. flos,floris, andfcro, to bear.]
florifonn, flO'ri-form, adj., havtng the form of a
flower, flower-shaped. [h.flos, and Form.]
florin, florin, n. orig. a Florentine coin stamped
with the lilyflower, the national badge of Flor
ence ; a silver coin, value as. [Fr., from It
florinoflore, a lilyL.flos.]
florist, florist, n., a cultivator offlowers ; one who
writes an account of plants.
floscule, floslcul, n., afloret of an aggregate flower.
[Fr.h.flosculus, dim. offlos.]
floeeular, flos'ku-lar, flosculous, MoVkQ-lus, adj., com
posed of manyfloscules or tubular florets.
Floes, flos, . the loose downy or silky substance in
the husks of certain plants, as the bean ; portions
of silk broken off in unwinding itadj. floury.
[It floscioh.fluxus, Xooscfluo, to flow.]
floss-silk, fios'-silk, n. an inferior kind of silk made
fromfloss, or ravelled fragments of fibre.
Flotage, Flotation. See under Float.
Flotilla. See under Fleet.
Flotsam, Floteon. Sec under Float.
Flounce, flouns, v.i. to do anything with noise and
bluster, like one flunging about in water ; to
throw about the limbs and body ; to plunge and
struggle '.pr.p. flouncing ; Pa.p. flounced . [old
Sw.flunsa, Dutch, plonssen, to plunge in water.]
flounder, floun'der, v.i., toflounce, to struggle with
violent motion :pr.p. floun'dering ; Pa.p. floun'-
dered. [akin to Flounce. ]
Flounce, flouns, n. a plaited strip or border sewed
to the skirt of a dress.v.t. to furnish with
flounces. [Fr. fronds, a plait : prob. from low
L. frontiare, to wrinkle the browL. frons,
frontis, the brow.]
Flounder, floun'der, . a small flat fish, generally
found in the sea near the mouths of rivers. [Ger.
flunder, Sw.flundra.]
Flour, Flourish. See under Flower.
Flout, flout, v.t. or L, to jeer, mock, or insult; to
treat with contempt :Pr.p. flouring ; Pa.p.
flour/ed.n. a mock ; an insult [Dutch, fluy-
ten, to flatter ; Goth, flautan, to boast ; Scot.
flyte, to scold.]
Flow, AO, v.i., toflee or run, as water; to rise, as
the tide : to move in a stream, as air ; to glide
smoothly ; to circulate, as the blood : to abound :
to hang loose and waving : in B., to melt.v.t.
to cover withwater 'pr.p. flow*ing ;pa.p. flowed'.
[A.S. flowan, Gct.fliessen, akin to fliehen, to
t\cc,jfiegen, to fly, ~C.fluo, to flow, pluo, to rain,
Or.pkled, to overflow, Sans, pin, to swim.]
flow, no, n. a stream of water or other fluid ; a
stream or current ; the setting in of the tide from
the ocean : abundance ; copiousness ; free expres
sion.
flowers, flo'erz, n.pl. in B.t In Leviticus, menstrual
discharges* [L. fluores.]
flowing, flO'ing, adj. moving as a fluid : fluent or
smooth.adv. flow'ingly. . flowlngneas.
flood, flud, n. a great flow of water; a river, so in
B. ; an inundation ; a deluge ; the rise or flow of
the tide : any great quantity.v.t. to overflow; to
inundate :Pr.p. flood'ing; pa.p. flood'ed.The
Flood, the deluge in the days of Noah. [A.S.flod.]
flood-gate, flud'-gat, tt., agate for letting waterflow
through, or to prevent it : an opening or passage ;
an obstruction.
flooding, flud'ing, n. a preternatural discharge of
blood from the uterus.
fte, far; me, her ; mine ;
Flummery
flood-mark, flud'-mark, n., the mark or line to which
the tide rises.
Flower, floVer, the blossom ofa plant : the best
of anything ; the prime of life ; the person or
thing most distinguished : a figure of speech.
v.t. to adorn with figures of flowers.v.i. to
blossom; to flourish:pr.p. flow'ering; Pa.p.
flow'cred. lL.flos,florzs, akin to Blow, Bloom.]
floweret, flow'er-et, n., a littleflower; a floret
flowerleia, floVer-les, adj. in bot., havingnoflowers.
n. flow'erlassneM.
flowery, flow'er-i, adj., full of or adorned with
flowers; highly embellished with figurative style,
florid.n. flowerineei.
flower-bud, flow er-bud, n.t a bud with the unopened
flower.
flour, flour, tt. lit the flower or finest part of any
thing ; the finer part of meal ; the fine soft powder
of any substance.v.t. to reduce into or sprinkle
with flour :Pr.p. flouring ; Pa.p. floured . [Sp.
flor (dela hart4a, of meal;, fine flour; from L.
flos, floris, a flower.]
flourish, flurish, v.i. lit to flower or blossom ; to
grow luxuriantly ; to be prosperous : to use copi
ous and flowery language : to make ornamental
strokes with the pen.v. t. to adorn with
flourishes or ornaments ; to swing about by way
of show or triumph: pr-P. flourishine; Pa.p.
flourished, [old E. florishe, old Fr. florir, Sp.
florecer, from L.florescere, to blossomflos.]
flourish, flurish, n. decoration : showy splendour :
a figure made by a bold stroke of the pen ; the
waving of a weapon or other thing: a parade of
words ; a musical prelude.
flourishing, flurish-ing, adj. thriving ; prosperous ;
making a show.adv. flourishingly.
Flown, flon, /a./, of Fly.
Fluctuate, fluk'tO-at, v.i., to flow as a wave; to
float backward and forward ; to roll hither and
thither : to be irresolute \pr.p. fluctuating ;
Pa.p. fluc'tuated. [L.fluctuo, fluetuatusflue-
tus, a wave-fluo, to flow.] See Flow,
fluctuation, fluk-tQ-a'shun, n. a rising and falling,
like a wave ; motion hither and thither : agita
tion ; unsteadiness.
Flue, flOT, . a chimney or pipe by which smoke can
flow or fly off. [old Ft.flue, a flowing-fluer,
L.fluo, to flow.]
fluent, ilOu'cnt, adj.,flowing or capable of flowing ;
ready in the use ofwords ; voluble.adv. fluently.
[L.fluens,fluentis, pr.p. offluo, to flow.)
fluency, flOu'en-si, ., quality of being fluent ;
smoothness; readiness of utterance; volubility,
fluid, fioo'id, adj., that flows, as water ; liquid or
gaseous.n. a liquid, not a solid,
fluidity, flGB-id'i-ti, fluidnees, fluu'id-nes, n., the state
ofbeingfluid; a liquid or gaseous state,
flume, flODm, . lit a riveror stream ; the channel
for the water that drives a mill-wheel. [A.S.
flum, a stream ; h.flumen, a riverfluo.]
fluor, flou-or, ft. orig. a fluid state; a beautiful
mineral, often crystallised, and usually called
fluor-epsx. [Fr., from It. fluo.]
fluoric, flOU-orik, adj., ofor pertaining tofluor.
Fluke, flOuk, tt. a flounder. [A.S.floe, a flounder.]
Fluke, floTJk, n. the part of an anchor whichfastens
in the ground, [akin to Ocz.pflug, a plough. Ice
fleika, to tear. ]
Flume. See under Flue.
Flummery, flum'er-i, n. an acidjelly made from the
husks of oats, the Scotch sowens : anything
mute ; mutt ; mCTJn ; then.
 Flung Foil
Insipid ; empty compliment [W. llymryllym~ fly-boat, flf-bot, n. a long narrow swift boat used
rig, harsh, rawllym, sharp, severe] on canals.
Hung, flung, pa.t. andpa.p. of Fling. fly-Wow, fll'-blO, the egg of a fly. [prov. E.
Fluor. See under Flue. blots, eggs of maggots.]adj. fly-blown, fll'-blon,
Flurry, flur'ri, n. a sudden blast or gust : a breeze of tainted with the eggs which produce maggots,
wind; violent agitation ; bustle.v.t. to agitate ; fly-catcher, flt'-kach-er, n. a small birdf so called
to excite :/r.>. fluVrying ; Pa.p. flur'ried. [per from its catchingflies while on the wing,
haps conn, with Flatter, Flit.] fly-fish, flf-fish, v.t., to fish with flies, natural or
Flub, flush, a flow of blood to the face causing artificial, as bait.. fly-fishing,
redness ; sudden impulse : bloom ; abundance. fly-leaf, fll'-lcf, n. a blank leafat the beginning and
v.i. to flow suddenly; to come in haste : to be end of a book,
come red in the face.v.t. to wash with flowing fly-wheel, flr'-whe'l, n. a heavy wheel applied to
water : to make red in the face ; to excite with machinery to equalise the effect of the moving
joy :pr.p. flush'ing; Pa.p. flushed'. [Ger.fluss power.
floss, pa.t. offliessen, to flow ; L. fluxfluo, flying-fish, fiTing-fish, ., afish which can leap from
to flow.] the water and sustain itself in the air for a short
flush, flush, adj.y /lowing up to the brim ; full of time, by its long pectoral fins, as Mflying.
vigour ; abounding ; having the surface level. flying-iqulrrel, fll'ing-skwir'rel, n. a squirrel in S.
Asia and N. America, which has a broad fold of
Fluster, flus'ter, bustling or blustering; con skin between its fore and hind legs, by which it
fusion ; heat.v.i. to bustle ; to be agitated. can take great leaps in the air, as ifflying-
v.t. to make hot and confused :pr.p. flus'ter- Foal, fcl, n. lit. that which is nourished; the young
ing ; pa p. flus'tered. [akin to Bluter.] of a mare or of a she-ass.v.i. and t. to bring
Flute, float, n. a musical pipe with finger-holes and forth a foal \-~pr.p. foal'ing ; Pa.p. foaled .
keys sounded by blowing: a channel, as on a [A.S. fola, Ger. fohlen; akin to Gr. polos; L.
pillar, called also flnt'ing.v.i. to play the flute. pullus, prob. contr. of pueltus, dim. of Puer, a
v.t. to form flutes or channels in :pr.f>, flut'- boy. Sans, putra, a sonpush, to nourish.]
ing ; pa.p. fluted. [Fr., old Fr.flaute, Itflauto, Foam, fOm, n., froth; the bubbles which rise on
from L. flo,flatum, to blow.] the surface of liquors.v.i. to gather foam : to
fluter, flower, flautist, flautist, afluteplayer. be in a rage.v.t. in B. (with out) to throw out
Flutter, flut'er, v.i. to move or flap the wings with with rage or violence :/r.A foam'ing ; pa.p.
out flying or with shortflightsy to move about foamed'. [A.S. fern, jam, Ger. feim, akin to
with bustle ; to vibrate : to be in agitation or in L. spurnaspuo, to spit; Sans, phena, froth.]
uncertainty.v.t. to throw into disorder.. adv. foun'lngly.adj. foaxnleu, without foam.
quick, irregular motion; agitation; confusion, foamy, fOm'i, adj., covered withfoam ; frothy.
[freq. of FUt ; Gcr.flattern^iQVf Ger.fluttern.] Fob, fob, n. a small pocket for a watch, [prov. Ger.
Fluvial. floTJ'vi-al, fluvistic, floo-vi-at'ik, adj. 0/ or fuppe, a pocket.]
belonging to rivers; growing or living in streams Focus, fo'kus, . lit. a fireplace; in optics, a point
or ponds. {"L.fluvialis,fluviaticusfluvius, a in which the rays of light meet afterinflection or
riverflue, to flow.] refraction, and cause great heat : any central
Flux, fluks, n,t act 0/flowing; the motion of a point.pi. fo'cuses and foci (fo'slj. [L.focus, for
fluid : a flow of matter : quick succession : that fovicusfoveo, to heat.]
which flows, as the tide ; matter discharged : state focal, ftlcal, adj., ofor belonging to afocus.
of being liquid.v.t. to melt :fr.p. flux'ing; Fodder. See under Food.
pa,p. fluxed . [Fr.,L. fluxusfluo, to flow.J Foe, fo, n. Hl one who hates another ; an enemy ;
fluxatlon, fluks-a'shun, ., the act offluxing or an ill-wisher. [A.S.falir--flan,flogan, to hate.]
passing away and giving place to another. See Fend, a quarrel,
fluxible, fluks'i-bl, adj., that may be fluxed or foeman, fo'man, n., an enemy in war.pi. foe'men.
melted.n. fluxibil ity.
fluxion, fluk'shun, ., the act 0/flowing; the matter Foetus, fe'tus. See Fetus.
that flows. Fog, fog, ., a thick mist; watery vapour rising from
Fly, flT, v.i., to float through the air : to move either land or water. [Dan. sne-fog, thick filling
swiftly ; to pass away ; to flee : to burst : to flut snow ; Ice.fug, mist,fuki, vapour.]
ter.v.t. to avoid, flee from ; to cause to fly, as foggy* fog'i, adj.,filledwithfog; damp : clouded in
a kite :pr.p. flying ; pa.t. flew (flOo) ; pa.p. mind, stupid.adv. fogg'Uy.n. foggineas
flown (Hon).n. a small insect with two trans fog-hank, fog'-bangk, . a dense mass offog some
parent wings, esp. the common house-fly : a fish times seen at sea appearing* like a bank of land.
hook dressed with silk, &c. in imitation of a fly : Fog, fog, Foggage, fog'uj, . long grass left uneaten
a light double-sealed carriage : in mech., a fly on pastures till winter, [low L. fogagium ; \V.
wheel. \K.%.fleoganxfliogan,flion, Ger.fliegen ; fwg, dry grass ; Scot, fog, moss,]
akin to A.S. fleotan, to float, flcowan, to flow, Foh, fo, int. an exclamation of abhorrence or con
L. volo, to fly, Sans, pin, to swim, fly.] tempt, [a form of Faugh.]
flier, flyer, fli'er, one who flies or flees : a fly Foible, foi'bl, a feeble or weak point in one's \
wheel. character ; a failing, [old Ft.foible, weak.) See
flight, flit, the act or mode offlying: a soaring ; Feeble.
excursion ; a sally : a series of steps : a flock of Foil, foil, v.t. lit. to renderfoolish or useless; to
birds flying together; the birds produced in the puzzle ; to disappoint ',pr.p. foil'ing; Pa.p.
same season : a volley or shower : act of fleeing ; foiled'.n. failure after success seemed certain;
hasty removal. [A.S.flyhtfleogan.] defeat. [Fr. affolerfol,fou, foolish, useless.]
flighty, fllt'i, adj., indulging inflights or disordered
fancies ; volatile ; giddy.adv. fiight'lly.n. Foil, foil, n. a light sword made blunt by a button
at the end, used in fencing. [Fr. rtfouli, blunted.]
fate, far ; m, her ; mine ; mote ; mute ; moon ; then.
1S7
 Foil foot-boy
FoD, foil, n., a leafor thin plate of metal, as tin
foil ; a thin leaf of metal put under precious ed.n. foment cr. [L.fomenting;
to encourage :Pr.p. pa.p. foment
fomentofomentum (or
stones to increase their lustre or change their fovimentumfovea, to warm.] See Focus.
colour : anything that serves to set off something fomentation, fo-mcn-ta'shun, n., act offomenting-
else. [Fr. feuilleI*.folium, a leaf.] or bathing with warm water ; a lotion applied hot.
Foiit, foist, v.t., to make false; to insert wrong Fond, fond, adj. orig. foolish; foolishly tender
fully ; to pass off as genuine :Pr.p. foisting ;
pa.p. foist'ed.n. folat'er. [Fr.fausserh.fallo, and loving ; weakly indulgent ; very affectionate.
adv. fondly.n. fondness, [torfbnned pa.p. of
falsus, to deceive.] See Fail, and False. old E.fonne, Scot fbn, Ice. fana, to be foolish ;
Fold, fold, n., the doubling of any flexible substance; L. vanus, empty.]Fond of, relishing highly.
a part laid over on another : that which enfolds ; fondle, fon'dl, v.t., to treat withfondness ; to caress :
an enclosure for sheep ; a flock of sheep : the Pr.p. fon'dling ; Pa.p. fon'dled.m. fond ler.
Church,v.t. to lay one part over another: to fondling, fon'dling, ., theperson or thing fondleJ
enclose; to enclose in a fold.V.i. to become or caressed.
folded or double '.Pr.p. folding ; pa.p. fold'ed. Font, in baptism. See under Fount.
[A.S. /aidfealdan, to fold; Scot, /aula", Gcr.
falte, akin to L. -plex, in duplex, double, Gr. Font, an assortment of types. Sec under Found.
-picas, in diploos, double.] Food, food, n., whatonefeeds on; that which being
fold, in composition with numerals, = times, as in digested nourishes the body : whatever promotes
Unfold. growth.adj. foodlen, withoutfood. [A.S.foda.]
foldage, fold'aj, ., t/ie right of'folding sheep. fodder, fod'er, n.,food for cattle, as hay and straw.
folding, folding, adj., that maybefoldedordoubled. v.t. to supply with fodder '.pr.p. fodd'ering ;
n. a fold or plait : the keeping of sheep in Pa.p. fodd'ercd. [A.S.foderfoda.]
enclosures on arable land. feed, fed, v.t., to give food to; to nourish : to fur
Follaceouj, fo-Ii-a'shi-us, adj., pertaining to or con nish with necessary material : to foster.v.i. to
sisting ofleaves orlaminar. [h.foliaceusfolium, Pr.p. take food; to nourish one's self by eating:
a leaf.J feeding ; pa.t. and pa.p. fed.n. feed'er.
foliage, foli-aj, ., leaves', a cluster of leaves. [Fr. he to
whofeeds or that which supplies, [A.S.fedan,
feed, nourish-foda, food.]
feuillagefeuille, L.folium.]
foilaged, fo'li-iijd,.<7fiy., havingfoliage. Fool, fool, n. one who acts stupidly : a person of
foliate, fu'li-.lt, v.t. orig. to ocat into a leaf: to weak mind: a jester: in B., a wicked person.
cover with leaf metal '.Pr.p. foliating ; pa.p. v.t. to deceive: to treat with contempt.v.i.
foliated. to play the fool : to trifle :pr.p. fooling ; Pa.p.
foliated, foli-at-cd, adj. in min., consistingofplates fooled'. [Fr.fol,fou, It.follelow L.follere, to
or thin layers. be inflated with airfollis, an air-bag.]
foliation, fO-li-a'shun, n., act offoliating ox leafing; folly, foil, ., state of being a fool; weakness of
the leafing of plants. mind: a foolish act; criminal weakness : in B,,
follferoiu, fo-lif'er-us, adj., bearing or producing sin. [Fr. foliefol.\
leaves. [L.folium, a leaf, andfero, to bear.] foolery, fool er-i, ., the behaviour of afool; habi
folio, fo'li-0, n. lit. a leaf; a sheet of paper once tual folly ; an act of follv ; absurdity.
folded : a book of such sheets : in book-k. , a page foolian, foolish, adj. lit. like a fool; weak in in
in an account-book, or two opposite pages num tellect ; wanting discretion ; ridiculous : marked
bered as one.adj. pertaining to or containing with folly ; deserving ridicule : in B., sinful,dis-
paper only once folded* regarding God's laws.adv. fool'iibly.n. fool'-
follole, fO'li-Ol, n. in bot., a single leaflet of a com lihneo.
pound leaf. [Fr., dim. of L.folium.} fool-hardy, fool'-har-di. adj., foolishly hardy or
follow, fo'Ii-us, adj., leafy, thin or unsubstantial : bold ; rash or incautious.tt. fool'-hardlnen.
in bot., having leaves mixed with the flowers. foolscap, foOlz'kap, . a size of paper 17! by 13^
Folk, fok, n. lit. a crowdofpeople ; thcpeople; cer inches, so called from having originally borne
the water-mark of afooVs cap and bells.
tain people :gen. used in //. folk or folki (foks). fool'i-orrand,
iA.S.folc; Gcr. volk, L. vulgus, the multitude, only afool foobr*er-rand, n., an errand on which
akin to Gcr. voll, full.] would go ; search for what cannot be
folk-lore, fak'lOr, n., lore or knowledge of the found.
ancient customs, superstitions, &c. of the folk Foot, foot, n. lit. that which goes; that part of its
or people. body on which an animal stands or walks ; the
Follicle, foil-Id, ., a little bag: in anat., a gland : lower part or base ; a measure = 12 in., orig. the
in bot., a seed-vessel. [Fr.h.folticulus, dim. of length of a man's foot : foot-soldiers : a division
follis, a wind ball or bag.] of a line of poetry.pL feet Ifet).v.i. to dance ;
Follow, fol'O, v.t. to go after or behind ; to pursue : to walk.v.t. to kick :Pr-P- footing; Pa.fi.
foor/ed. [A.S.fot, pl.fet, Ger.fuss; akin to L.
to attend : to imitate : to obey ; to adopt, as an pes,pedis, Gr. pous, podos, Sans. Pad-pes, to go.)
opinion : to follow with the eye or mind ; to fetter, fet'er, . a chain or shackle for the fiet;
pursue, as an object of desire : to result from : in anything
/>., to strive to obtain.v.i. to come after v.t. to putthat restrains :used chiefly in
fetters on : to restrain :Pr.p. fett'er-
another; to result:pr.p. following; Pa.p. foll ing; pa.p. fctr/ered. [A.S.fetorfet, fcet.J
owed.To follow on, in B., to continue endeav fettered, fet'erd, adj., bound by fetters; in sool.,
ours. [A.S. folgian, Ger. folgen.]
follower, fol'O-er, n., one ivlw follows ; a copier ; a applied ward and
to the feet of animals which bend back
seem unfit for walking,
disciple. foot-ball, foot'-bawl, n. a large ball for fooling or
following, fol'O-ing, adj., coming next after. kicking about in sport ; play with this ball.
Folly, See under FooL
Foment, fo-menP*, v.t. to bathe with warm water: foot-boy, foot'-boy, ., lit. a boy thstt attends on
foot; an attendant in livery.
fate, fir ; me, her ; mine ; mCte ; mute ; moon ; then.
 foot-bridge
foot-bridge, fool'-brij, n. a narrow bridge torfoot-
passengers.
footfall, foot'-fawl, n., afalling or placing of the
foot on the ground ; a footstep ; a stumble,
foot-guards, foot'-gardz, ri.pl., guards that serve
onfoot, the elite of the British foot-soldiers,
foot-hold, foot'-hOld, n.y a holding for the feet;
that which sustains the feet,
footing, footing, n., spacefor the foot to rest on ;
firm foundation : position ; settlement : tread ;
dance : plain cotton lace,
footleaa,
foot mm,footles, adj.,n. having
foot'-man, orig, andnofeet.
in /'. , a soldier who
serves onfoot ; a runner; a servant or attendant
in livery.//, foot-men.
foot-mark, foot'-mark, foot-print, foot'-print, n.t the
mark orprint ofafoot ; a track,
foot pad, foot'-pad, n. a highwayman or robber on
foot, who frequents pubhc paths or roads. [Toot,
and Pad, a path.]
foot-pusenger, foot'-pas-cn-jer, . one who passes
or travels onfoot.. a rot or ulcer in the feet of
foot-rot, foot'-rot,
sheep. foot'-rOBl, ., a rule or measure afoot in
foot-rule,
length. [foot.
foot soldier, foot'-sol-icr, n., a soldier that serves on
foot-stalk, foot'-stawk, n. in < :., the little stalk
at thefoot of and supporting a leaf,
foot-stall, foot'-stawl, . a woman's stirrup. [Toot,
and prov. E. stall, a case for the finger.]
foot-step, foot'-step, n., the step orimpression of the
foot; a track: trace of a course pursued//.
foot 5t.ps, course ; example.
Pop, fop, n. lit. a vapid, worthless fellow, an
affected dandy, \\l.fiappe, fopperies, silly talk
L. vappa, a worthless fellow, lit. spoiled
wine.]
fopllng, fop1ing_, ., a Pettyfop.
Coppery, fbp'er-i,., the behaviour of afop ; vanity
in dress or manners : affectation ; folly.
foppish, fop'ish, adj., behaving like afop; ostenta
tious in dress; affectedly refined in manners.
adv. fopp'iahiy. n. fopp'ishnes*.
For, for, prep., lit.fore or before; in the place of;
for the sake of; on account of: in the direction
of; with respect to; beneficial to: inquest of:
in opposition to : notwithstanding : in recompense
of: during.as for, as far as concerns. [A.S.for,
Get.fur, vor, ver, akin to L. and Gr. pro, Sans.
pra, before in place or time.]
for, for, conj. the word by which a reason is intro
duced ; because ; on this account.
for all, in New Test., notwithstanding,
forasmuch, for'az-much, conj.,for as much; in con
sideration of; because that.
forever, for-ev'er, adv., for ever,for every time to
come ; to eternity; through endless ages.
for to, in B., in order to.
Forage, for'aj, *., fodder, or food for horses and
cattle ; provisions : the act of foraging.v.i. to
go about and forcibly carry off food for horses
and cattle, as soldiers.v.t. to plunder :/r./.
foraging ; Pa.p. for'aged.. for'ager. (.low L.
foragium, fodder; It.fodero ; see fodder.J
foray, fo'ra, n. lit. aforaging; a sudden incursion
into an enemy's country.
Foramen, fr>-rii'mcn, n., tlutt which is pierced, a
hole ; a small opening.//, foramina, fu-ram'i-na.
[L.-foro, to pierce.]
foramlnated, fu-rami-nut-cd, foramlnous, fd-ram'i-
nus, adj., pierced with small holes ; porous.
fate, far ; miF, her ; mine ;
force-pump
Forasmuch, for'az-much. See under Por.
Foray. See under Forage.
Forbade, for-bad', pa.t. of Forbid.
Forbear, for-bar/, v.i, lit. to bearforth or away; to
hold from proceeding ; to keep one's self in
check; to abstain.v.t, to abstain from; to
avoid voluntarily: to spare, to withhold. [for,
away, and Bear,]
forbearance, for-baVans, ., the act offorbearing;
exercise of patience ; command of temper.
forbearing, for-bar'ing.aay., long-suffering; patient.
adv. forbear'ingly.
Forbid, for-bid', v.t., to bid away ; to prohibit.
[for, away, and Bid.]
forbidden, for-bid'n, adj. prohibited ; unlawful.
forbidding, for-bid'ing, adj. repulsive ; raising dis
like ; unpleasant.
Forego, fOr-gO', v.t., logo awayfrom; to give up ;
to quit, [for, away, and Oo.j
Forget, for-ger/, v.t., to get or put away from the
memory; toneglccL \fort away, and Get.]
forgetful, for-getTool, adj., apt to forget; inatten
tive.-adv. forgetfully.n. forget'fnines*.
forget-me-not, for-ger'-mfi-not', n. a small herb with
beautiful blue flowers, regarded throughout
Europe as the emblem of friendship : a keep
sake.
Forgive, for-giv', v.t. orig. to give away, to resign :
to remit ; to pardon, [for, away, and Give.]
forgiveness, for-giv'nes, n., act offorgiving; par
don; remission: disposition to pardon.
forgiving, for-giv'ing, adj., disposed to forgive;
merciful ; compassionate.
Forlorn, for-lorn', adj., gone away or lost from
others ; forsaken; wretched. [A.S.forloren, pa.p.
offorleosan, to losefor, away, and leosan, to
go ; Cer. verloren, pa.p. of verlieren, to lose.]
forlorn-hope, for-lom'-nOp, n. a body of soldiers
selected for some service of uncommon danger,
the hope of whose safety is aforlorn one.
Forsake, for-sak', v.t. lit. to put away the subject of
dispute; to desert; to abandon :/r./. forsak'-
ing; pa.t. forsook'; Pa.p. forsak'en.h. [for,
away, and old E. sake, dispute, strifeA.S.
sacan, to strive.]
Forswear, for-swar, v.t., to swear away from the
truth ; to deny upon oath : in B., To forswear
one's self, to swear falsely, to commit perjury.
[for, away, and Swear.]
Force, flJrs, .. strength, power; pressure; in
mech., that which produces or tends to produce ;
a change in a body's state of rest or motion :
moral power : violence ; compulsion : efficacy ;
validity : energy ; vehemence : military or naval
strength (often in //.) ; an armament. [Fr.low
L forcia,fortiah.forlis, strong.]
force, fOrs, v.t. to draw or push by main strength;
to cause to do or to forbear ; to compel ; to con
strain ; to compel by strength of evidence : to
take by violence; to ravish: to exert to the
utmost; to overstrain: in hort., to cause to grow
or ripen rapidly ;fr.p. forc/ing ; pa.p. forced'.
forceful, fors loui, adj.,/ullofforce or might ; driven
or acting with power.adv. force'fully.
forceless, fOrsles, adj., wantingforce: weak.
forcible, fOrs'i-bl, adj., havingforce; active ; im
petuous : done by force : efficacious ; impressive.
n. forc'iblenea.adv. forcibly.
forcing, fOrs'ing, . in hort., the art offorcing or
hastening the growth of plants.
force-pump, fors'-pump, forc'ing-pump, n., a Pump
whichforces the water through a side pipe.
mute ; mute ; mOun ; Men.
189
 Force
Force, ffcrs, v.t. in cookery, to stuff, as a fowl:
pr.p. fOrc'ing; Pa-P- forced', [a corr. of Farce.]
force-meat, fOrs'-mSt, n., mfat chopped fine and
highly seasoned, used as a stuffing or alone.
Forceps, for'seps, n. a pair of tongs, pincers, or
pliers for holding anything difficult to be held
with the hand. [L.-/oris, an opening which
the instrument makes in order to grasp, and
capio, to hold.]
forcipated, for'si-pat-ed, adj. formed and opening
like aforceps. [L.;-forceps,forcipis.]
Ford, fiJrd, n. a place where water may be crossed
on foot.v.t. to cross water on foot :pr.p. fflrd'-
ing; Pa.p. ford'ed. [A.S.,faran, to go; Ger.
furtfahren, to go on foot ; akin to Gr. poros
root of perad, to cross, and to E. fare in
thoroughfare, and Ferry.]
fordable, ftJrd'a-bl, adj., thai may he forded or
passed without swimming.
Fore, for, adj., infront of; advanced in position;
coming firstadv. at the front ; in the first part ;
previously. [A.S. radically the same as For.]
former, form'er, adj'. (comp. of Fore), morefore or
first ; before in time or order ; past ; first men
tioned. [A.S.forma, first, superL offore, and
comp. suffix, -er.\
formerly, form'er-Ii, adv., in former times; here-
tofore.
foremost, fOr'raOst, adj. (superL of Fore), first in
place; most advanced ; first in rank or dignity.
[A.S.forma, first, snperl. of fore, and superl.
suffix, -St.]
fore-arm, fOr'-arm, n. thefore part of the arm, or
that between the elbow and the wrist.
forearm, fijr-arm', v.t., to arm or prepare before-
hand.
forebode, fCr-bOd', v.t., to bode, tell, or fear before
hand: to feel a secret sense of something future,
especially of evil. [See Bode. ]
iment, for-bOd'ment, n., act offoreboding.
ir, fOr-bOd'er, n., one who forebodes ; a
soothsayer.
foreboding, fOr-bCdlng, n. a boding or perception
beforehand.
forecast,', fOr-kast*, v.t., to cast or contrive before-
hand,'; to scheme : to foresee ; toprovide against.
v.i. to form schemes beforelihand.n.f
forecast, fflrlcast, n. a previous contrivance ; fore
sight.
forecastle, f&rTcas-l, n. that part of the upper deck
of a ship before the foremast, so called from the
small turret or castle near the prow in ancient
vessels ; in merchant vessels, the forepart of the
ship under the deck,
foreclose, fQr-kloV, v.t., to close before something
can get in ; to prevent ; to stop.
foreclosure, fflr-kloYOr, ., a foreclosing; in law,
the deprivation of a mortgager of the right of
redeeming a mortgaged estate.
fore-date, fOr-dar*. v.t., to date before the true time,
fore-deck, foY-dek, n. theforepart ofa deck, or ship,
fore-end, fOr'-end, n. the end that goes first or that
.isforward.
forefather, ioYf-/Aer, . an ancestor. [Fore, and
Father.]
forefend, fOr-fend', v.t., to fend or ward off or
away ; to prevent the approach of ; to hinder.
forefinger, fbVfing-ger, the finger before the
others or next the thumb.
forefoot, foYfoot, n. one of thefeet of an animal in
front or next the head.
forefront, foYfront, n., thefront orforemost part
fate, far; me", her; mine;
j50
forethought
forego. See under Forbear.
foregoing, foYgQ-ing, adj., going before.
foreground, foYground, n., the ground or space
which seems to lie before the figures in a picture.
forehand, foYhand, adj. taken in hand or done
before needed.
forehanded, foYhand-ed, adj., forehand; season
able : formed in the foreparts.
forehead, fOrOied, n. theforepart of the head above
the eyes, the brow.
forejudge, f<3r-juj', v.t., tojudge before hearing the
facts and proof.
foreknow, for-nO', v.t., to know beforehand; to fore
see.
foreknowledge, fQr-nol'cj, n., knowledge of a thing
before it happens.
foreland, fCrland, n. a point of land running for
ward into the sea.
forelock, fOr'lok, ., the lock of hair on the fore
head.
foreman, fsYman, the first or chief man ; an
overseer.pi. fore'raen.
foremast, fQr'mast, ., the mast that isfore or M
front, or next the bow of a shin,
forementtomed, f5r-men'shund, adj., mentioned be
fore in a writing or discourse,
forenamed, foYnamd, adj., named or mentioned
before.
forenoon, foYnCOn, n. the part of the day before
noon or mid-day.
forenotice, for-nO'tis, n., notice of anything before
it happens.
fore-ordaln, for-or-dan', v.t., to ordain or appoint
beforehand; to predestinate ; to predetermine.
n. fore-ordina'tlon.
forepart, foVpart, n.f the part before the rest ; the
front ; the beginning : in/'., the bow of a ship,
fore-rank, fbY-rangk, n., the rank which is before
all the others ; the front,
forerun, fOr-run', v.t., to run or come before; to
precede.
forerunner, fOr-run'er, n., a runner or messenger
sent before : a sign that something is to follow.
fore-sail, fbY-sal, a sail attached to the fore-
yard on the foremast.
foresee, for-se"', v.t. or L, toseeot \cno\r beforehand.
foreshadow, fOr-shad'3, v.t., to shadow or typify
beforehand.
foreabip, foYship, n. in B., the bow orfore part cf
a ship.
foreshorten, f&r-shorr'n, v.t. in a picture, to repre
sent the shortened appearance of an object pro-
jeetingforward.
foreshortening, fOr-shorr/n-ing, n. in painting, the
representation of the shortened appearance of an
object projecting^rwrtfvj'.
foreshow, fOr-shO', v.t., to show or represent before-
hand ; to predict.
foreside, f&YsTd, n., the side towards thefront.
foresight, feYsTt, n., act offoreseeing', wise fore
thought, prudence. [Fore, and sight.]
foreskin, forskin,,-*!., the skin that covets theglans
penis.
forestall, f8r-stawV, v.t. lit. to buy goods before they
are brought to stall or market ; to anticipate.
foretaste, far-list', v.t., to taste before possession ;
to anticipate.
foretaste, foYtast, ., a taste beforehand; anticipa
tion. ft5r-tetf, v.t., to tell before; to prophesy.
foretell,
v.i. to utter prophecy. foretell'er.
forethought, foYthawt, ., a thought or thinking
before/land; provident care.
mOte; mute ; mOOn; Men.
 foretoken Fornicate
foretoken, fbVtG-kn, n., a token or sign beforehand. Fork, fork, n. an instrument with two or more metal
foretoken, fdr-toTcn, v.t., to signify beforehand. prongs at the end : one of the points or divisions
foretooth, for'tGOth, n., a tooth in the forepart of of anything fork-like :in //. the branches into
the mouth.//, foreteeth, fOr'teth. which a road or river divides, also the point of
foretop, foVtop, n., naut., the platform at the separation.v.i, to divide into two branches, as
head of the foremast a road or tree ; to shoot into blades, as corn.
foretopmast, fCr-top'mast, n. in a ship, the mast v.t. to form as a fork : to pitch with a fork :
erected at the top of the foremast, and at the pr.p, fork'ing; Pa.p. forked'. [A.S. fore; W.
top of which is the foretop-galTant-maft. fforch, cloven; u.furca.]
forewarn, fOr-wawrn', v.t., to warn beforehand; to forked, fork'ed, forky, fork'i, adj. shaped like a
give previous notice.//. forewarning, warning fork.adv. fork'ediy.ns. fork edness, fork'lnco.
beforehand.
forward, forward, forwards, foVwardr, adv., to Forlorn, Forlorn-hope. See under Forbear.
wards what is before or in front : onward ; pro Form, form, n.,figure ox appearance oK body; the
boundary-line of an object; a model; a mould:
gressively:opposed to backward. [A.S. for- mode ofarrangement ; order ; regularity ; system,
weardfor,fort, and weard, sig. direction.] as of government ; beauty or elegance : estab
forward, forward, adj. near or at the forepast ; in lished practice: ceremony : in printing, the type
advance of something else : ready : too ready ; from which
presumptuous: earnest: early ripe.adv. for'- and securedaninImpression is to be taken arranged
a chase : (in the fol. senses pron.
wardly.n. forwardness.
forward, forward, v.t. to helpforward, to quicken : fOrm) a long seat, a bench ; in schools, the pupils
to send forward '.pr.p. for'warding ; Pa.p, for'- on a form, a class ; the bed of a hare, which takes
its shape from the animal's body. [Ft.forme
warded.n. for'warder. L.formafero, to bear, likefades, appearance,
Foreign, for*in, adj. lit out of doors ; belonging to fromfacio, to make.]
another country ; from abroad : not belonging to, form, form, v. t. to giveform or shape to ; to make :
unconnected ; not appropriate. [Fr.forain, Sp. to contrive ; to settle, as an opinion ; to combine ;
forano, low L.foraneusforas, out of doors.] to go to make up ; to establish ; in gram., to
foreigner, forin-er, n. a native ofaforeign country. make by derivation.v.i. to assume a form :
Forensic, fo-ren'sik, adj. belonging to courts of Pr.p. form'ing ; Pa.p. formed'.
law, held by the Romans in the forum; used formal, form'al, adj., according to form or estab
in law pleading. [L. forensis-forum, market lished mode ; ceremonious ; methodical : having
place. ] the form only: having the power of making a
Forest, fo/est, the outlying country as opposed thing what it is ; essential ; proper.adv. form'ally.
to the cultivated : a large uncultivated tract of formalism, form'al-i2m. n., a resting in the mere
land covered with trees and underwood ; woody externalforms of religion.
ground and rude pasture.adj. pertaining to a formalist, form'al-ist, n. , one who is content with the
iorest i sylvan ; rustic.v.t. to cover with trees : mereforms of religion.
Pr.p. foresting : pa.p. forested. [Fr. forit, formality, for-mal'i-ti, n.t the quality of being
old Fr. forestlow L. farestum ; Gcr. forsti formal; the observance of forms or ceremonies:
prob. from l^.foras,forts, out of doors.) established order. \X>.formalitasforma.]
forester, for'est-cr, *., one who has charge of a formation, for-mu'shunj ., act or manner ofform
forest ; an inhabitant of a forest. ing; production: in geol., a group of strata
Forever. See under For. belonging to one period, [h.formalio.]
Forfeit, for'fit, v.t., to do or act so as to put any formative, form'a-tiv, adj., giyingform; ingram.,
serving to form, not radical.. in gram., a
thing awayfrom one's self; to lose the right to derivative. [Fr.formatif, Itformattvo.]
by some fault or crime %pr.p. forfeiting ; /*./. former, form'er, one whoforms or makes.
forfeited.n. that which is forfeited ; a penalty
for a crime ; a fine : something deposited and formula, form'u-la, n. lit. a littleform ; a prescribed
redeemable. [Fx.forfaire,forfaitlow l^.foris form ; a formal statement of doctrines : in math.,
a general expression for solving problems : in
facere, to ofTcndforis, out of doors, beyond, chem., symbols expressing the compounds of a
facere, to do.] body.//. formouB, form'u-lu. [L. formula, dim.
forfeitable, for'fit-a-bl, adj., that may beforfeited. offorma.]
forfeiture, for'fit-ur, n.f act offorfeiting: state of formulary, form'il-lar-i, a formula ; a book of
being forfeited : the thing forfeited. formulae or precedents.adj. prescribed ; ritual*
Forgat, for-gat*forgotold pad. of Forget. [Vr.formulaire, It.formularioL.formula.]
Forgo, fOrj, n. the workshop of a faber or work Former, Formerly. See under Fort.
man in hard materials ; a furnace, esp. one in Formic, for'mik,
which iron is heated; a smithy: a place where acid, originallyadj., pertaining to ants, as formic
obtained from ants. [L. for
anything is shaped or made.v. t. to form by heat mica, an ant]
ing and hammering : to form : to make falsely ; formicate, for'mi-kat, adj., resembling an ant.
to fabricate ; to counterfeit.v.i. to commit for
gery :pr.p. fOrg'ing ; pa.p. fOrged'. [Ft.forge, formication, for-mi-ka'shun, n. a sensation like that
of ants creeping on the skin. [L.formicatio
Vrov.farga, 'L.fabricafaber, a workman.]
forger, forj'er, ., one who forges or makes; one formicare, to creep like an oatformica.)
guilty of forgery. Formidable, for'mi-da-bl, adj. , causingfear; adapted
forgery, fori'er-i, ., act offabricating, or produc to excite fear.adv. formidably.. formldable-
ing falsely ; fraudulently making or altering any nesa, [L.formidabilisformido, fear.]
writing : that which is forged or counterfeited. Formula, &c. See under Form.
Forget, Forgetful, &c. See under Forbear. Fornicate, forVi-kat, Fornicated, for'ni-kat-ed, adj.,
Forgive, Forgiveness, &c. Sec under Forbear. arched', in bot., arching over. [L. fomicatus
Forgot, Forgotten, pad. and Pa.p. of Forget. ~-fortiix,fomicis, an arch.]
fate, far ; me, her ; mine ; mOte ; mute ; mOOn ; Men.
 fornicate
lornlcate, fortil-kat, v.i. to commit lewdness: to
have unlawful sexual Intercourse :/r./. fortii-
cating \pa.p. fortiicated. [h.fomicor,fornicatus
fornix, an arch, a vault, a brothel.J
fornication, for-ni-ka'shun, . sexual intercourse
between unmarried persons: in B., adultery,
incest, and frequently idolatry.
fornicator, for'ni-ka-tor, ru an unmarried person
guilty of lewdness.^///, fomicatrcei, forni-ka-
tres. [L.fornicator, andfornicatrixfomicor.]
Forsake. See under Forbear.
Forsooth, for-soOth', adv.,for or in sooth or truth ;
certainly. [A.S.forsothfor, and soth, truth.]
Forswear. See under Forbear.
Fort, fart, n. lit. a strongplace ; a castle or small
fortress ; a strong point, that in which one excels.
[Fr.L.fortis, strong.]
fortaUcs, fort'al-is, ., a small outwork of afortifi
cation. [Prov. fortalessa, low L. forlalitia
fortis.]
forte, forta, adv. in music, strongly, with emphasis,
loud. [It. forteL.fortis.]
fortify, forti-fT, v.t., to make strong or stronger;
to strengthen with forts, &c. : to invigorate ; to
confirm :/r./. fortifying ; Pa.p. fortified.n.
fortifier. [Fr. fortifierL. fortificarefortis,
strong, andfacia, to make.]
fortification, for-ti-fi-ka'shun, ., act offortifying;
that which fortifies. [L.fortificatio.]
fortissimo, for-tis'i-mO, adv. in music, very strong
or loud. [It_, superl. offorte ; see forte.]
fortitude, for'ti-tud, . orig. strength ; that strength
of mind which enables one to meet danger or en
dure pain with calmness. [L. fortitudofortis.]
fortreu, fortres, ., a fortified place I a defence.
[Fr.forteresseh.fortis.}
Forth, forth, adv., before or forivard in place or
order ; in advance : onward in time : out into
view : abroad : in B., out. [A.S. forth, Dutch,
zvord, forward ; GcT.fort, on, further, radically
the same as For, Fore.)
forthcoming, furthTtum-ing, adj. just comingforth ;
about to appear.
forthwith, fOrth-with', adv., ivith what isforth or
just before ; immediately ; without delay.
further, furVAcr, adv. (comp. of Forth), moreforth ;
to a greater distance or degree ; in addition.
adj. more distant; additional. [A. S. furthu r,
comp. offorth.]
farther, furMer, v.t. to helpforth orforward, to
promote '.Pr.p. furthering ; pa.p. furthered.
[A.S.furthrian.]
furtherance. fur'Mcr-ans, ., act offurthering or
helping forward. ' foul-mouthed, foul-mouthd, adj. addicted to the use
furthermore, fur'/Z/er-mOr, adv., morefurther or in
addition ; in addition to what has been said.
furthermost, fur'/Aer-mOst, adj., most further;
most remote.
farthest, furVAcst, adv. (superl. of Forth), most
forth; at the greatest distance.adj. most dis
tant. [A.S.forth, and superl. suffix ~st.]
Fortieth. Sec under Four.
Fortnight, forttilt, n. contracted from fourteen
nights; two weeks or fourteen days. [night.
fortnightly, fort'nlt-li, adj. and adv., once a fort-
Fortuitoui. See under Fortune.
Fortune, fortfln. n. whatever comes by lot or chattce;
luck : the arbitrary ordering of events : the lot
that falls to one in life ; success : wealth. [L.
foriuna, a lengthened form of fors, fortis,
chance, fromfero, to bring.]
fate, far ; me, her ; mine ;
191
foundry
fortimate,for'ta-n5t,a^happcning^;)'^('//^r/w;
lucky.adv. fortunately.n. fortunateness.
fortune-hunter, fortun-hunt-er, n. a man who hunts
for a marriage with a woman offortune.
fortuneless, fortun-les, adj., without a fortune ;
luckless.
fortune-teller, fbrtun-tel-er, n. one who pretends to
foretell one'sfortune.
fortuitous, for-tu'i-tus, adj., happening by fortune
or chance ; depending upon causes unknown
adv. fortuitously. us. fortuitousness, fortuity.
Forty. Sec under Four.
Forum, fo'rum, ., an open, Public space, as a
market, esp. the market-place in Rome, where
public business was transacted and justice dis
pensed. [L., akin toforas, out of doors.]
Forward. See under Fore.
Fosse, fos, ., a ditch or place dug: a moat or
trench filled with water in front of a fortified
place. \Yx.fossf, Lt.fossafodio,fossum, to dig.J
fossil, fos'sil, n. the remains of an animal or vege
table dug out of the strata of the earth in a
petrified state.adj. in the condition of .1 fossil.
[Fr.jossile, L.fossilisfodio.}
fossiliferoua, fos-sil-if'er-us, adj., bearing or con
tainingfossils. [L.fossilis, andfero, to bear.]
fossil1st, fos'sil-ist, n. one skilled infossils.
fossilise, fos'sil-Iz, v.t., to convert into a fossil.
v.i. to be changed into a stony or fossil state :
Pr.p. fossilising; As./, fos'sillsed.n. foasiliaa'
tlon, the process of changing into a fossil.
foBsorial, fos-sOVial, adj. in. zool., digging, burrow
ing.
Foster, foster, v.t. lit. tofeed; to bring up : to en
courage:Pr.p. fos'tcring ; Pa.p. fostered. [A.S.
fostrian, to nourish,fostre, a nurse,foster, food.
See Food.]n. fosterer,
foster-brother, fos'ter-bruM-6r, n. a male child,
fostered or brought up with another of different
parents.
foster-child, foster-child, n., a child nursed or
brought up by one who is not its parent.
foster-parent, foster-pa-rcnt, n. one who rears a.
child in the place of its parent.
Fought, f. 1v.-;, /'..'.'. and of Fight.
Foul, foul, adj., corrupt,putrid: dirty: loathsome:
profane ; impure : stormy : unfair : running
against; entangled.adv. foul'ly.n. foulness.
[X.S.ful, Gcr.fauJ, Golh.fuls, rotten, corrupt :
conn, with L. puteo, Sans. puy, to be putrid.)
foul, foul, v.t., to make foul, to soil.v.i. to come
into collision '.pr.p. fouling ; Pa.p. fouled'.
offoul or profane language.
Foumart, f5S mart, ., the. beech-marten: the pole
cat. [ Fr. fouine, the be marten, fromfaine,
"L.fagina, beech-mast, and Fr. marte, the mar
ten : but converted into foulmart, from an erro
neous notion that the name was taken from the
foul smell of the animal.]
Found, pa.t. andf>a.p. of Find. -
foundling, found'hng, . a. little child./t>*Jfc/descrted.
Found, found, v.t. to form by melting and pouring
into a mould; to cast:Pr.p. found'ing; Pa.p.
found'cd. [L. fundo,fundere, to pour.]
founder, found'er, ., one who melts and casts
metal, as a brassfnunder.
foundry, found'ri, foundery, found'er-i, ., the art
offounding or casting: the house where found*
ing is carried on.
mote ; mQte ; mCOn ; Men.
 founding
founding, founding, n. meXaX-casting.
font, font, fount, fount, n. a complete assortment of
types of one sort, with all that is necessary for
pnnting in that kind of letter. [Yufontefon-
dre, 'L.fundere, to cast]
Found, found, v.I., to lay the bottom orfoundation
of : to establish on a basis : to originate ; to en
dow :;fr.p. found ing ; pa.p. founded. [ L.furuu;
fundatum, to found-fundus, the bottom.]
foundation, found-a'shun, the act of founding:
the base of a building ; the groundwork or basis :
a permanentfund for the support of anything.
tt. founda'tioner, one supported from the funds or
foundation of an institution,
founder, found e r, n., one who founds, establishes,
or originates ; an endower.-fern, foundress.
Founder, found'er, v.t., to go to the bottom; to fill
with water and sink:fr.fi. found'ering; pa.p.
found'ered. [Fr.fond, L.fundus, the bottom.]
Foundling. See under Found pad. of Find.
Fount, fount, Fountain, fount'an, n. lit. a pouring
forth : a spring of water, natural or artificial :
the structure for a jet of water : the source of
anything. [Fr.fontaine; old Fr.font ; It.fon-
tana; L. fons,fontis, a spring-funds, to pour.]
fountain-head, fount'an-hed, n., the head or source
of afountain ; the beginning,
font, font, n. afount or basin for water in baptism.
Four, fi3r, adj. and n. two and two. [A.S.feower;
Ger. vier; Goth, fidvor; L. quatuor; Gr.
pisures; Sans, chatvar.]
fourfold, foYftsld, adj., foldedfour times: multi
plied four times. [Four, and Fold.]
four-footed, foY-foot-ed, adj., havingfourfeet.
, foYsktJr, adj.,four times a scoreSo.
, foYskwar, adj. havingfour equal sides
i, iuilu, mm.j, *~*t after the third.n. one of
four equal parts.adv. fourthly. [A.S.feortha,]
fourteen, foYten, adj. and n.,four and ten.
fourteenth, foYtenth, adj. and fourth or the
fourth after the tenth. [A.S. fcowerteotha
feower and teotha, tenth.]
forty, fbYti, adj. and ft., four times ten. [A.S.
feowertigfeower, four, tig:, ten.]
fortieth, for'ti-cth, adj., the fourth tenth.n. a
fortieth part. [A. S.feowertigotha.)
Fowl, fowl, n. a creature thatflies; a gallinaceous
bird, or scraper ; a cock or hen : the flesh of
fowl.v.i. to kill fowls by shooting or snaring.
who takes wild fowls.
[A.S. fugeljfug, Aightfleogan, to fly; Ger.
vogel, allied to h.fugio, and volo, to fly.]
fowling-piece, fowl'ing-pes, n. a light gun for small
shot, used infowling.
Fox. foks, n. lit. the hairy animal, a species of the
dog family, noted for cunning : any one notorious
for cunning. [A.S. ; Gyr.fucks; prob. allied to
Ice.fax, A.S. feax, hair.]
fox-hound, foks'-hound, ., a hound used for chasing
foxes.
foxy, foks'i, adj., offoxes: inpainting, having too
much of the reddish-brown or fox-colour.
Foxglove, fokVgluv, n. a biennial plant with glove-
like flowers, whose leaves are used as a soothing
medicine, [said to be so called from the farefolhs
the folks*glove ; but the Nor-
jet fox-glove, is from rev, a
fox.'
Fracas, fra-ka', n. lit a violent shaking; uproar;
a noisy quarrel. [Fr. from fracasser, to break ;
fate, far ; mi, her ; mine ;
Fraternal
It. fracassarefra, among, and cassare, Fr.
casser, to break; L. quassare, to shake.]
Fraction, frak'shun, n., a part brokenoff: a fragment
or very small piece : in arith., any part of a unit.
{L,.fractiofrango,fractus, to break, from root
frag, whence Gr. rhignumi, to break.]
fractional, frak'shun-al, adj., belonging to or con
taining afraction or fractions.
fractious, frak'shus, adj., ready to break out in a
passion: cross.adv. frac'Uonsly.w. frac'tiou-
ness.
fracture, frak'tGr, n., the act ofbreaking; a breach:
the breaking of any hard body.;'./, to break
through '.pr.p. frac'turing; fia.p. frac'tOred.
fragile, fraj'il, adj., easily broken; brittle: frail;
delicate. IL.fragilisfromfrango, to break.]
fragility, fra-jil'i-ti, n., the state ofbeingfragile.
fragment, fragment, n.t a piece broken off;
unfinished portion.adj. fragment's!.
fragmentary, frag'mcnt-ar-i, adj., consistingoffrag-
ments or pieces ; broken,
frangible, fran'ji-bl, adj., able to be hrokenz brittle
or easily broken.n. frangfbiTlty.
Fragrant, fragrant, adj. affording a pleasant smell;
sweet-scented.adv. fra'grantly. [h.fragrans,
fragrantis, pr.p. offragro, to smell.]
fragrance, fra'grans, n. pleasantness of smell or
perfume : sweet or grateful influence.
Frail, fral. adj.,fragile or ready to break; irreso
lute : failing ; weak.. fralTneas. [Yr.frlU; It.
fraile; from L.fragilis.) See fragile,
frailty, fral'ti, n., the state ofbeingfrail: infirmity.
Frame, fram, v.t., toform; to shape : to construct
by fitting the parts to each other: to plan: to
constitute : to put a border on : in B., to c
Pr.p. fram'ing; pa.p. framed'. [A.S../
to form ; allied to L.forma, form.]
frame, fram, the form; a putting together of
parts: a case made to enclose or support any
thing : the skeleton : state of mind,
framer, fram'er, n., he whoforms or constructs;
one who makes frames for pictures, &c.
framework, fram'wurk, n., the work that forms the
frame : the skeleton or outline of anything,
framing, fram'ing, ., the act of constructing; a
frame or setting.
Franc, frangk, n. a silver coin orig. used in France,
and now in Belgium, &c, equal to xorf. r'1
See under Frank.
[uuHii, fran-sisTcan, adj.. belonging to the order
of St Francis in the R. C. Church.n. a monk
of this order. [L. Franciscus, Francis.]
Frangible, Franglhllity. Sec under Fraction.
Frank, frangk, adj., free; open or candid in ex
pression.vd. to send free of expense.adv.
frankly, in New Test., gratuitously.n. frank'-
neas. I?r.franc, Ger.frank, Ice.fraekn, free.]
frankincense, frangk'in-sens, n. lit 'incense freely
offered: a sweet-smelling vegetable resin issuing
from a tree in Arabia, and used in sacrifices,
franchise, fran'chiz, n. lit freedom ,* a privilege or
right granted : the right of voting for a member
of Parliament. ^ [Fr., fromfranc,franche, free.]
franchise, fran'chiz, v.t., to enfranchise; to give
one the franchise '.Pr.p. franchising ; pa.p.
fran'chiscd.
Frantic. See under Frenxy.
Fraternal, fra-tcr'nal, adj., belonging to a brother,
or brethren; becoming brothers.adv. frater
nally. \\..fratemusfrater, a brother, akin to
Gr.phratir, a clansman ; Sans, bkrutri.]
]
193
 fraternity
', fra-terrii-ti, n., the state ofbeing breth
ren ; a society formed on a principle of brother
hood. [L.fratemitas.]
fistsi nil, frat'er-nTz, v.t. to associate as brothers :
to seek brotherly fellowship :pr.p. frat'ernising ;
pa.p. frat'ernlsed.n. fraterniser.
fraternisation, fra-ter-niz-a'shun, ., the act offra
ternising or associating as brethren,
fratricide, frat'ri-sTd, n. , one who kilts his brother;
the murder of a brother.adj. fratricidal. [L.
frater,fratris, and cofdo, to lull.]
Fraud, fraud, deceit; imposture: a deceptive
trick. [L.fraus,fraudis.)
fraudful, fraud'fool, adj., full offraud; treacher
ous.-adv. fraud'fully.
fraudleu, fraud'les, adj., withoutfraud.
fraudulent, fraud'u-lent, adj., using, containing, or
obtained by fraud.adv. fraudulently. [L.
fraudulentus.j
fraudulence, fraud'Q-lcns, frauduleney, fraud'Q-Ien-si,
n., the quality ofbeingfraudulent or deceitful.
Fraught, frawt, adj., freighted; laden : filled.
[Dutch, vrachten, to carry ; Gcr.fracht, a load,
perhaps iromftrchen, to despatch.]
freight, frat, n. what a ship is fraught or laden
with: the charge for transporting goods by
water.v.t. to load a ship:/r./. freighting;
Pa.p. freight'ed.n. freight'age, money paid for
freight.. freighter, one whofreights a vessel.
Fray, fra, n,, an affray.v.t. in B., to frighten.
[See Affray.]
Fray, fra, v.t. to wear offby rubbing:pn^p. fray/-
ing ;Pa.p. frayed7. [r.frayer, h.fricare, torub.]
Freak, frSk, n. lit. restlessness : a sudden caprice or
fancy : sport. {It.fregare, to rub ; frgga, long
ing desire.]
freaklih, frck ish, adj., apt to change the mind
suddenly ; capricious.adv. freakishly..
Freak, frek, v.t., to spot or streak ; to variegate :
Pr.p. freak'ing; Pa.p. freaked', [old E.freken,
frecken, Ger.Jfecken,fleck, spot.]
freckle, frekl, v.t., to spot; to colour with spots :
Pr.p. freckling ; pa.p. freckled.n. a yellowish
spot on the skin : any small spot. [dim. of
Freak.]adj. freck'ly, full of freckles.
Free, fre, adj. not bound ; at liberty : not under
arbitrary government : set at liberty : guiltless :
frank : lavish : not attached : exempt (foL by
front): having a franchise (fol. by of): gratuit
ous: idiomatic, as a translation.adv. freely.
m. free nets. [A.S.freo; Gcr.frei; Ice.fri]
free, fre, v.t., to makefree; to deliver from what
confines ; to rid (fol. byfrom or of) :pr.p. free'-
ing ; Pa.p. freed .
freedom, frfi'dum, n., the stateofbeingfree; liberty :
frankness: separation: privileges connected with
a city : improper familiarity ; licence.
free-agency, frC'-a-jen-si, n., state or power ofacting
freelyl or without necessity or constraint upon
the will.. frW-agent.
freebooter, frfihoot-er, n. one who roves about
freely in search of booty ; a plunderer. [Ger.
freibeuterfrei, free, and beute, booty.]
freedman, frSd'man, ., a man who has been a
slave, and has beenfreed or set free.
free-handed, fr6'-hand-ed, adj., open-handed; liberal.
free-hearted, frf'-hart-ed,
freehold, freehold, adj., open-hearted;
n. a property heldfree ofliberal.
duty
except to the king.. freeholder, one who pos
sesses a freehold.
fate, far; me", her; mine;
*94
. frfc'man, a man who bfree or enjoys
liberty ; one who holds a particular franchise or
privilege.PL freemen.
freemason, fre mft-sn, n. one of an association orig.
of masons or builders in stone who were freed
from the laws that regulated common labourers,
and now composed ofpersons united for social en
joyment and mutual assistance.n. freemasonry,
the institutions, practices, &C. of freemasons,
freestone, frfston, n. any stone that can befreely
cut or broken ; stone composed of sand or grit.
freethinker, fre"thingk-er, n. one who professes to
befree from common modes of thinking in re
ligion ; one who discards
thlnWwg, the habit of mind ofrevelation.n.
a freethinker, free'-
free-trade, fre'-trid, n.,free or unrestricted trade;
free interchange of commodities.
freVwil, n,, freedom of the will from re-
liberty of choice.adj. spontaneous.
Freeze, frfiz, v.t. lit to shiver with cold: to be
come ice or like a solid body.v.t. to harden
into ice; to cause to shiver, as with terror:
freez'ing ; pa.t. frOze ; fror/en.
[A.S. freason, Dutch, vriexen, Ctr.frierm, to
freeze; Gr. phrissS, to shiver.)
frost, frost, *., the act or state offreezing; the
state of the atmosphere in which water freezes:
frozen dew, also called hoarfrost.v.t. to cover
with anything resembling hoar-frost :Pr.p,
frost'ing; /a.p. frost'ed. [A.S. forst; Ger.
frost ; Goth, frius.}
frosty, frostf, adj., producing or containingJrost;
chill in affection : frost-like.adv. frostily.is.
frostlnesn. a
frost-bite, frost'-blt, *. thefreezing or depression of
vitality in a part of the body by exposure to cold,
frost-bitten, frost'-bit-tn, adj., bitten or affected by
frost.
frost-bound, frost'-bound, adj., bound or confined
byfrost.
frosting, frost'ing, n. the composition, resembling
hoar-frost, used to cover cake, &c.
frost-nail, frost'-nal, n. a nail driven Into a horse
shoe to prevent the horse from slipping on ice.
frost-work, frost'-wurk, n., work resembling hoar-
frost on shrubs.
Freight. See under Fraught.
French, frensh, adj., belonging to Franc* or its
people.n. the people or language of France.
Frenzy, fren'zi, n. a disease of the mind: madness :
wild excitement : mania. [Gr. phrenisisphrin,
the mind.]adj. fren'rica.1, partaking of frenzy.
frantic, fran'tik, adj., in afrenzy; furious through
excitement : wild.adv. frantically. [ L. phrr-
neticusGr. pkrin.]
Frequent, frCkwent, adj., going, coming, or occur
ring often. \Y:frrquens,frequentisSans, rikh,
to go.]adv. frequently.n. fre'quentnees.
frequent, fre-kwent', v.t., to go frequently to:
Pr.p. frequent'ing ; pa.p. frequent/ed.I*, fre-
queat'er.
frequency, frfkwen-si, n., the state of beingfre
quent : repeated occurrence of anything.
frequentatlon, fre-kwent-a'shun, n*, the act offre-
quenting or visiting often.
frequentative, fre-kwent/a-tiv, adj. in gram., denot
ing the frequent repetition of an action.. in
gram., a verb expressing this repetition.
Fresco, fresTcO, n. a painting executed on plaster
while wet or fresh.v.t. to paint in fresco :
pr.p. fres'efiing ;Pa.p. fres'cOed. [Itfresco, fresh.]
mote;
 Fresh
Freeh, fresh, adj. lit fruiting or in a state of ac
tivity and health ; new and strong ; recently
produced or obtained : untried : having renewed
vigour ; healthy : not salt.adv. freahly.n.
freeh'neea. [A.S. verse, Dutch, versck, Fr.
fraiscke, It.fresco, Ice.friskr, whence also Fr.
frisque, lively.]
ireahen, fresh'n, v./., to make fresh: to take the
saltness from.v.u to grow fresh ; to grow brisk
or strong :pr.p. freshening ; Pa.p. fresh'ened.
freshman, freshman, n. a fresh or new man; one
in the rudiments of knowledge, csp. a university
student in his first year.
Fret, fret, v.t., to eat awayt to wear away by
rubbing : to eat into : to vex.v.i. to wear away :
to vex one's self; to be peevish ',Pr.p. fretting ;
>*<*./. frett'ed.n. agitation of the surface of a
liquid: irritation: ill-humour. [A.S. fretan, U5
gnaw-fra, away, and elan, to eat.]
fret, fret, in B.,pa.p. of Fret.
fretful, fret/fool, adj., ready tofret; peevish.adv.
fret'folly.n. fret'fnlneM.
trst, fret, n. in mining, the worn side of the bank
of a river.
fretting, frer/ing, adj., wearing out; vexing.n.
peevishness.
Fret, fret, n. lit. the interlacing of bars or fillets of
iron; in arch., an ornament consisting of small
fillets intersecting each other at right angles.
in her., bars crossed and interlaced.adj. frett'ed,
ornamented by frets, [old Fr. fritcr, to inter
lace; It.ferrata, the grating of a windowL.
ferrum, iron.]
Fret, fret, v.t. to ornament with raised work; to
variolic '.pr.p. frett'ing ; Pa.p. frett'ed. [A.S.
frwiwian, Goth, fratvia/t, to adorn.]
fretwork, fret'wurk, n., work adorned with frets ;
raised work.
Fret, fret, n. orig. a note in music; a short wire on
the finger-board,of a guitar or other instrument.
v.t. to furnish with frets. [Ft.fredon, trill in
singing, fromfrit in h.fritinnio, to chirp.]
Friable, frfa-bl, adj., capable ofcrumbling; easily
reduced to powder. ^.friaHUsfrio,friatum,
to crumble.]ns. IrVableness, friability.
Friar, frfar, n., a brother or member of certain
religious orders in the R. Catholic Church. [Fr.
frire, h.frater, a brother.]
friary, frfar-i, n. a monastery or residence offriars.
Fribble, fribi, v.i, to trifle.n. a trifler :pr.p.
fribbling ; Pa.p. fribb'led. [Fr.frivole, L. frivo*
ius, trifling.]
Fricassee, frik-as-se*, n. a dish made of fowls cut
into pieces andfried.v.t. to dress as a fricassee :
-^r.P. fricassec'ing; Pa.p. fricasseed'. [Fz.fri-
casseefricasser, L. frigere, frixum, to fry :
akin to Gr. phrugO or phrussS, Sans, bhrig.}
Friction, frik'shun, n.t the act ofrubbing: in mech.,
the resistance to a body from the surface on which
it moves. [L.frictio-^rico,frictum, to rub.]
n.pL frie'tton-wheeli, wheels that lessen friction.
Friday, frfda, n. lit. Friga's day ; the sixth day of
the week. [A.S. FrxgedagFrig, Ice. Frigg,
the wife of the god Odin, and dag, day.]
Friend, frend, n. one loving or attached to another ;
an intimate acquaintance ; a favourer. [A.S.
freond, pr.p. offreon, to love.]
friendless, trendies, adj., withoutfriends; destitute.
frendli, adj., like a friend; having the
fate, far; me, her; 1
friaket
disposition of a friend ; favourable.n.
nets.
friendship, frend'ship, the state ofbeingfriendly;
intimacy from mutual esteem ; friendly assistance.
Frieze, friz, n. orig. the curling nap on cloth ; a
coarse woollen cloth with a nap on one side : in
arch., the part of the entablature of a column
between the architrave and cornice often orna
mented with figures. (W.ffris, nap of cloth ; old
E. and Fr. friseFr. friser, to curl.]-adj.
friezed', having a nap.
frizz, friz, v.t., to curl; to render rough and tangled :
~Pr.p. frizring; pa.p. frizzed'.n. a curl.
frizzle, frizX v.t. to form in small short curls :
Pr.p. frizzling ; pa.p. frizzled, [dim. of friz*.]
Frigate, frig/at, n. lit. a ship without a deck; a ship-
of-war with from ao to 50guns. [Fr.fregate, Port.
fregata, from L. aphractus, a vessel without a
deckGr. aphraktos, unguardeda, priv., and
phrassd, to defend : or from L.fabricata, a con
struction, Uke Fr. bdtimentbdtir, to build.]
frigatoon. frig-a-tOOn', ft. a small Venetian vessel.
frigate-bird, frig'at-berd, n. a large tropical sea-
bird, with very long wings, prob. named from its
rapidflight.
Fright, frit, n. suddenfear; terror. [A.S.fyrhtu,
Qtx.furcht, fear, akin to Gr.phrissd, to shudder.]
fright, frit, frighten, frTt/n, v.t., to make afraid; to
agitate with fear; to alarm :pr.p. fright/ing,
fnght'emng ; pa.p. fright'ed, frighrened. [A.S.
frthtanfyrhtu; Gzc.fUrchtenfurcht.']
frightful, frit/fool, adj., full offright or terror :
full of what causes fear; terrible; shocking.
adv. fright'fully.n. fright faines.
Frigid, frij'id, adj., frozen or stiffened with cold;
cold : without warmth of affection : unanimated.
adv. frigidly.n. frig'ldnesi. [L. frigidus
frigeo, to be cold, akin to rigto, to be numbed
with cold ; Gr. rhigcS, phrissd, to shudder with
cold.] See Freeze.
frigidity, frij-id'i-ti, ., state or quality of being
frigid; coldness : coldness of affection : want of
animation.
trigorifle, frig-or-if'ik, adj. , causing cold. IL.jrtgus,
frigoris, cold, Andfacto, to cause.]
frill, fril, v.i. to ruffle, as a hawk its feathers, when
, shivering.v.t. to furnish with a frill /pr.p,
frill'ing ; pa.p. frilled', [Ft.frilteux, chilly ; old
Fr. friller, to shiverL. frigidulus, somewhat
colafrigidus.]
frill, frif, n. a ruffle ; a ruffled or crimped edging
of linen.
Fringe, frinj, ., loose threads forming a border:
the extremity.v.t. to adorn with fringe ; to
border:^./, fring'ing; pa.p. fringed'.adj.
fringe less. [Fr.. frange,
' Prov. fremna, Wal.
frimbie, fSmbrieL. fimbria, threads, fibres,
akin tojfbra, a fibre.]
friagy, frinj'i, adj. ornamented withfringes.
Frippery, frip/er-i, ., worn-out clothes : the trade
in old clothes ; the place where old clothes are
sold: useless trifles. [Fr. friperiefriper, to
wear, akin to Ice. hripa, to act hastily.]
Frisk, frisk, v.i. to be frisky, fresh, or lively; to
gambol ; to leap '.Pr.P. frisk'inz : pa.p. frisked'.
*. a frolicn. friasrer. [old tr.fnsque, Ger.
friseA ] See Fresh,
friaket, fnsk'et, n. in print., the light frame which
holds a sheet of paper before it is laid on the
form for impression, so called from the quickness
of its motion. [Fr.frisquetteold Fr.frisque.}
 frisky
frisky, fristf, adj., Brisk; lively: jumping with
gaiety ; frolicsome.adv. friskily.n. frlsk'iness.
Frith, frith, Firth, ferth, n. a narrow inlet of the sea,
esp. at the mouth of a river. [h.fretum, Scot.
jirtk, Sw.jjard, Dan.j<WT/*.]
Fritter, fritZer, n. a piece of meat fried: a kind of
pancake; a fragmentv.t. to break into frag
ments \pr.f. frittering ; Pa.f. fritt'ered. [Fr.
friturefrtre, L.friger*,fnctum, to fry.]
Frivolous, friv'ol-us, adj., coldly or lightly esteemed ;
not worth notice: trifling.adv. frivolously.n.
xrlv'olousness. [h.frivotus, prob. contr. fromfri-
gibulus frigidus, cold, dull.]
frivolity, fri-voh-ti, n., quality of Beingfrivolous;
acts or habits of trifling.
Frizz, &c. Sec under Frieze.
Fro, fro", adv., from; back or backward. [A,S.
fra; Scot,fra orfrae ; see From.J
Frock, frok, ft. lit. a flock or fleece of wool; a
monk's cowl ; a loose, upper garment worn by
men ; a gown open behind, worn by females.
[Fr.yVw, a monk's cowl ; Vr.Jloc, a monk's cowl,
a flock of wool ; low L. frocusL. JJoccus, a
flock of wool.]
frocked, frokt, adj., clothed in afrock.
trog, frog, n. an ornamental fastening or tassellcd
button for afrock or cloak, [from root of Frock.]
Frog, frog, n. an amphibious reptile, with webbed
feet, remarkable for its rapid swimming and leap
ing : a soft, horny substance, in the middle of a
horse's foot, so called from its likeness to the leg
ofa frog. [\.S.froga,frosc; Ger.frosch; Dan.
frdc; from the sound made by frogs.]
Frolic, frol'ik, adj., gay, joyful; merry; pranky.
n, gaiety ; a wild prank ; a merry-making.v.i.
to play wild pranks or merry tricks ; to gambol :
^Pr.p. frol'icking; Pa.p. frol'icked. [Ger. frSk-
lich, joyful, g&yfrok, gay, and lick, like.]
frolicsome, frolik-sum, adj., full offrolic, mirth,
or wild gaiety ; sportive.. frol'icsomeneas.
From, from, prep.,forth; out of, as from a source ;
away; at a distance; springing out of; by
reason of. [A.S., Goth, fram; Ice. framm
xaAfra; Dzn.fretn, forth, forwards.)
froward, frflVard, adj.,frontward, or turned away
from ; perverse :opposed to toward.adv. ttv-
wardly.n. fro'wardness. [From, and affix ward.]
Frond, frond, *., a leafy Branck or stalk, esp. the
fem. frons,frondis,\
frondeseence, fron-des'ens, n., act ofPuttingfortkj
leaves ; the season for putting forth leaves. [L.
frondescensfrondesco, to grow leafy.]
frondlfsnms, fron-dif'er-us, adj., bearing or pro-
daciagfronds. [L. front, andfcro, to bear.]
Front, frunt, n., tkeforekead; the whole face : the
forepart of anything ; the most conspicuous part :
the place before the face : boldness ; impudence.
adj. of, relating to, or in the front.v.t.
to stand in front of or opposite ; to oppose face
to face.v.i. to stand in front or foremost ; to
turn the front or face in any direction ipr.p.
fronting ; Pa.f. fronted. [h.frons,fronlis.)
frontage, frunt'aj, ., tkefront part ofa building.
frontal, front'al, adj., of ox belonging to tke front
or forehead.n. a front-piece ; something worn
on the forehead or face : in arck,, a pediment
over a door or window. [L. frontalia, a front
ornament for horses.]
fronted, frunt/ed, adj. formed witk afront.
frontier, front'er, n, that part of a country which
fate, far ; m8, her ; mine ;
fruitless
fronts another ; the boundary of a territory.
adj. lying on the frontier ; bordering. [Fr.fro/t-
tUre, from L.from. ]
frontispiece, front'is-pes, n. that which is seen in
front; a figure or engraving in front ofa book ;
the principal front or face of a building, [low
L.frontispiciumfrons, and sfiecio, to see.]
frontless, fruntles, adj., without front or face;
void of shame or modesty.
frontlet, frunr/Jet, n., a little band worn on the
front or forehead, [diminutive of Front.]
Frost, &c. See under Freeze.
Froth, froth, n. the foam on liquids caused by Boil
ing, or any agitation : fig., an empty show in
speech; any light matter.v.t. to cause froth
on.v.i. to throw up froth :pr.p. froth'ing ;
Pa.p. frothed'. [Ice. fraud, froda; low Dutch,
frathen, fraum, steam, vapour; conn, with W.
jfrwd^ a stream, torrent ; allied to Broth : an
imitation ofthe sound ofboiling or rushing water.]
frothy, frothl, adj.,full offroth or foam ; empty ;
unsubstantial.adv. frothily.. froth'lness.
Frounce, frouns, v.i. (obs.), tofrown or wrinkle tke
Brow.v.t. to plait ; to curl :Pr.p. frounc'ing ;
Pa.p. frounced'.n. a plait orcurL [Fr.froncert
to gather into plaits ; DutchJrorissen,jronckelent
to plait, to wrinkle ; h.frons,frvntis, the brow.
Sec Flounce.]
Froward. See under From.
Frown, frown, v.i., to wrinkle the brow; to show
displeasure by the brow ; to look angry.v.t.
to repel by a frown 'pr.p. frown'ing ; Pa.p,
frowned'.n. a wrinkling or contraction of the
brow in displeasure, &c. ; a stern look. [Fr.
fropter in se refrogner, to knit the brow ; It.
ixfrig*0* wrinkled, morose ; prov. It. frignare,
* to make a wry face ; perhaps connected with
Frounce.]adv. frown'ingly.
Frozen, frGz/n. See under Freeze.
FrucUscence, Fructify, &c. Sec under Fruit
Frugal, froU'gal, adj. lit. Belonging tofruit or pro
duce : economical in the use of means ; thrifty.
adv. fru'gaUy. [L. frugalisfrugi, temperate,
fit for foodfrujc,frugis, fruit.]
frugality, froTJ-gal'i-ti, n., quality of Beingfrugal;
prudent economy ; thrift
frugiferous, fro"0-jif'er-us, adj.,fruit-Bearing. [L.
frujc,frugis, fruit, and fcro, to bear.]
frugivorous, frCO-jiv'o-rus, adj., feeding on fruits
or seeds. [L./rstr,frugis, and voro, to eat]
Fruit, frCUt, ., tkat which is Borne or produced in
order to Be eaten or enjoyed; the produce of the
earth, which supplies the wants of men and
animals : the part of a plant which contains the
seed : the offspring of animals : product, con
sequence, effect ; advantage. [Ft.fruit; old Fr.
fruict; L. fructus, from fruor, frucfus, and
fruitus, to enjoy ; akin either to Sans, bkuj, to
eat and drink, to enjoy, or to Bkri, to bear.]
fruitage, frOOtVij, n.,fruit collectively ; fruits.
fruiterer, frCKSt'er-er, one wko deals infruit.
frultery, frOOt'er-i, ., a place for storing fruit;
fruitage.
fruitful, frCoYfooI, adj., full offruit; producing
fruit abundantly.adv. fruitfully.n. fruit fulness.
fruition, froo-ish'un, ., enjoyment; use or posses
sion of anything, esp. accompanied with plea
sure, [old it.fruition, from L,fruor, to enjoy.]
fruitless, frOot'les, adj., not Bearingfruit; barren:
without profit ; useless.adv. fruitlessly.sc.
frult'lessness.
mOte ; mute ; m&On ; Men.
 fructesoence
fructescence, fruk-tes'ens, n. the time for the ripen
ing offruit. [Fr., from h. fructesco, to bear
iro.\t/ructus, fruit.]
fructify, fruk'ti-fT, v.t., to make fruitful; to fer
tilise.v.i. to bear fruit:Pr.p. fructifying ;
Pa.p. fructified. [L. fructificofructus, and
facie, to make.]
fructification, fruk-ti-fi-k3'shun, n., act offructify
ing, or producing fruit : \nbot., all the parts that
compose the flower and fruit.
fractiferouj, fruk-tif'er-us, adj., bearingfruit. [L.
fructiferfructus, andfero, to bear.]
Frumentaeeous, fro"o-raen-tu.'shus, adj., made of or
resembling wheat or other grain. [L. frumcn-
taceusfrumenturn, for jrugimcnturn, corn
frux,frugis, fruit.]
frumenty, frOo'mcn-ti, furmenty, furlnen-ti, n. food
made of wheat boiled in milk. [L.frumenturn.]
Frush, frush, n., thefrog of a horse's foot. [Ger.
frosch ; see Frog.J
Frustrate, frus'trat, v.t., to make vain or of no
effect ; to bring to nothing ; to defeat :fr.p.
irus'trating ; Pa.p. frus'trated. [L. frustro,
frustratusfrustra, without effect, in vain.]
frustrate, frus'trat, obs. pa.p. of Frustrate.
frustration, frus-tra'shun, ., act offrustrating;
disappointment; defeat. [L.frustration
Frustum, frus'tum, n., a piece or slice of a solid
body ; the part of a cone, which remains when
the top is cut off by a plane parallel to the base.
[L.frustum, a piece, a bit.]
Frutescent, fro"?>-tcs'ent, adj., becoming shrubby, or
like a shrub. [L.frutex, fruticis, a shrub.]
fraticoae, froo'tt-kos, frutlcous, frOo'ti-kus, adj.,
shrub-like; shrubby. [h.fruticosus.]
Fry, frT, v.t. to dress food with oil or fat in a pan
over the fire :pr.f. frying ; pa.p. fried,v.i.
to undergo the action ofheat in a frying-pan ; to
simmer.n. a dish of anything fried- [Fx.frire,
Xt.frigo, Gr. PhrygS, Sans, bhrij, to fry.]
Fry, frT, n. lit the spawn offish; a swarm of fishes
just spawned. [Fr.^n*; Goth.fraiv, Ice.friof,
fria, seed, egg.]
Fuchsia, fu'shi-a, n. a genus of plants, with long
pendulous red flowers, originally natives of S.
America, [named after Leonard Fucks, a Ger
man botanist of the 16th century.]
Fudge, fuj, int. stuff; nonsense ; an exclamation of
contempt, [prov. Fr.fuche.]
Fuel, ffl'el, n. lit. that which serves for burning on
the hearth; anything that feeds a fire : whatever
supports heat, excitement, or energy. [Norm.
Fr./awy/; Fr.feu, \\.fuoco, fire ; low l^focale,
fuciL.focus, hearth, fireplace]
Fugacious, ffl-ga'&hus, adj., apt toflee away ; vola
tile. [L.fugax,fugacis, fromfugio, Gr. pheugd,
to flee ; Sans, bhuj, to bend.Jn. fuga'clousness,
fugae'lty.'
fugitive, fu'ji-tiv, adj., fleeing away; apt to fly
away ; uncertain ; volatile ; perishable : tempo
rary.n. one who flees or has fled from his
station or country ; one hard to be caught.
[h.fugitivus, from fugio.}adv. fue/ltively.n.
fug'ltlvenesi.
Fugleman, fti'gl-man, n. lit. a wing-man, a soldier
who stands before a company at drill as an
example. [Ger. flUgelmannfiUgel, a wing.]
Fugue, fug, n. in mus., a composition in which the
parts follow or pursue one another at certain
distances. [Fr. ; It.fuga ; from L.fuga, flight.]
fate, far ; me*, her ; mine ;
Fumble
fuguift, fuglst, n. , one who writes or playsfugues.
Fulcrum, fur*krumt n. in meek., the prop or fixed
point on which a lever moves ; a prop. [L.
fulcrum, a prop, fromfulcio, to prop.]
Fulfil, &c. k See under Full.
Fulgent, fulgent, adj., shining; bright; dazzling.
adv. ful'geutly.n. ful'geucy. {h.fulgens, -entis,
pr.p. atfulgeo, to flash, to shine.]
Fuliginous, fu-Hj'i-nus, adj.. Pertaining to soot or
smoke; sooty. [L. fuliginosusfuligo, soot]
FuU, fool, adj. ,filled up; having all it can contain ;
having no empty space ; occupied : abundantly
supplied or furnished ; stuffed; abounding : con
taining the whole matter; perfect : strong : clear.
n. complete measure; highest degree; the
whole: time of full moon. [A.S. full; Goth.
fulls; Ice. fullr; Ger. voll; U plana; Gr.
pleos. See Fill.}. fulness.
full, fool, adv., to the full; quite ; to the same
degree ; with the whole effect ; completely.
fully, fooPK, adv. completely ; entirely.
fulfil, fool-fir*, v.t. lit tofillfull or fully; to com
plete ; to accomplish ; to carry into effect ;
pr.p. fulfilling ; pa.p. fulfilled'.. tulfltt'er.
fulfilment, fool-fu'ment, n.,fuUperformance; com
pletion ; accomplishment
full-blown, fool'-blun, adj. , blown orfully expanded,
as a flower.
full-bottomed, fooi'-bot-umd, adj. having a full or
large bottom, as a wig.
full-faced, fool'-Hist, adj. , havingafullorbroad,/i(V.
full-hearted, fool'-hart-ed, adj., full of heart or
courage ; elated.
full-orbed, fool'-orbd, ad/, having the orb or disk
fully illuminated, as trie full moon ; round.
Full, fool, v.t., to press cloth in a mill; to scour
and thicken in a mill :pr.p. fulling ; Pa*P.
fulled'. [A.S.fullian, to whiten as a fuller ; Fr.
fouler, to tread, to full or thicken cloth ; Dutch,
vollen ; low L. fullare, from L. fullo, a cloth
fuller.]n. full'er.
fuUerVearth, fool'crz-erth, n. a soft earth or clay,
capable ofabsorbing grease, used infullingcloth.
Fulmar, ful'mar, n. a species of petrel inhabiting
the Shetland Isles and other northern regions,
valuable for its down, feathers, and oil. [named
from thefoul smell of its oil.] See Foumart.
Fulminate, ful'min-St, 7'./. lit. to hurl lightning;
to thunder or make a loud noise ; to issue decrees
with violence.v.t. to cause to explode; to send
forth, as a denunciation \pr.p. ful'miniiting ;
'* pa.p. fulminated. [L. fulmino,fulminatut
fulmen, forfulgimen, lightningfu!geo,io shine.]
fulminate, ful'min-ut, ft. a compound offulminating
or explosive acid with mercury, &c
fulmlnatlon, ful-min-i'shun, n., act offulminating,
thundering, or issuing forth : a chemical explo
sion : that which is fulminated or issued forth.
fulmlnlc, ful-minlk, adj., pertaining to an explo
sive acid, compounded with mercury, &c.
Fulness. Sec under Full, adj.
Fulsome, ful'sum, adj.,foul (- nauseous; offensive:
gross ; disgustingly fawning.adv. ful'somely.
n. ful'someness. [A.S.fu/, foul, and affix some.]
Fulvous, ful'vus, Fulvld, ful'vid, adj., deep or dull
yellow ; tawny, [h.fulvus, deep yellow, tawny.]
Fumaxole. See under Fume.
Fumble, funVbl, v.i., to groPe about awkwardly;
to do anything awkwardly ; to handle much.
v. t. to manage awkwardly :pr.p. fumbling ;
mote ; mute ; mOOn ; then.
>97
 Fume
pa.p. fum'bled.. fum'bler. [low Ger. fum-
mein, to grope ; Dutch, fommeln, to crumple ;
Dan.fitemle, to grope about.]
Funs, fum, n., smoke or steam from combustion or
exhalation ; any volatile matter : heat of mind ;
rage : anything unsubstantial ; vain conceit.
v.t. to smoke ; to throw off vapour : to be in a
rage.v.t. to dry in smoke; to disperse in
vapours '.pr.p. fum'ing; Pa.p. fumed'. [L.
fumus, smoke ; Gr. thumos, Ger. dunst, E.
dust ; perhaps akin to Sans, daft, to blow away.]
famarole, fum'a-rCl, ., a smoke hole in a volcano,
or sulphur-mine. [It.fmnarola, from 1,.fumus.]
fojnlferoua, fu>mifer-us, adj., producingfumes or
smoke. [L. fumiferfumus, azidfero, to bear.]
fumigate, fumVg&t, v.t., to smoke ; to expose to
disinfecting fumes, &c. ; to perfume :Pr.p.
fumigating ; Pa.p. fumigated. [L. fumigo,
fumigatusfumus.]
fumigation, fQm-i-ga'shun, ., act offumigating ox
of applying purifying smoke, &c. to.
famous, fum'us, fumy, fOm'i, adj.producingfumes.
Fun, fun, h. merriment ; sport ; frolicsome amuse
ment. [A.S.fean, joys ; prov. Ft.fun, smoke,
anything frivolous ; Sw.fnin, down ; prov. Dan.
/Sun, foolery: or conn, with old E.fon, foolish.]
fanny, funl, adj.,full offun; droll.adv. funnily.
Funsmbnlate, ffl-nam'bu-lat, v.L, to walk or dance
on a rope*n. funambula'tlon. [L.funis, a rope,
and ambulo, to walk.]
fanambaliit, fu-nam'bQ-Ust, ., a rope-dancer.
Function, funglr/shun, >.., tke doing of a thing ; per
formance; employment; duty: the peculiar office
of any part of the body or mind ; power : in
math., a quantity so connected with another
that any change in the one changes the other.
Wt.functio, fromfungor,functus, to perform.]
functional, fungk'shun-al, adj., pertaining to or
performed byfunctions.-adv. func'tionaJLIy.
functionary, fungk'shun-ar-i, v., one who discharges
anyfunction or duty ; one who holds an office.
Fund, fund, ., that on which something isfounded;
a sum of money as the foundation of some oper
ation ; a supply or source of money : a store laid
up ; supply.-//, debts due by a government and
paying interest.v.t. to form a debt into a stock
charged with interest ; to place money in a fund :
pr.p. fund'ing ; Pa.fi fund'ed. [Ft.fond, from
L.fundus, the bottom.] See Pound.
fundament, fund'a-ment, n. lit. the foundation or
Bottom ; the lower part or seat of the body. [L.
fundamenturn, fromfundus,]
fundamental, fun-da-menr/al, adj., Pertaining to or
serving for the foundation ; essential ; import
ant.n. that which serves as a foundation or
groundwork ; an essential.adv. fundamemVally.
Funeral, fto'ner-al, burial; the ceremony, &c.
connected with burial.adj. pertaining to or
used ata burial. [\t./uneralcL,.funus,fu7ieris,
a funeral procession.]
funereal, fu-ne"'re-al, adj., pertaining to or suiting
afuneral; dismal ; mournful. [Cfunerens.]
Fungus, fung'gus, n. lit a spongy plant ; an order
of plantsincluding mushrooms, toadstools, mould,
ftc ; proud flesh formed on wounds.//. Fungi,
fun'jT. or Funguses, fung'gus-ez. [L. fungus, a
mushroom ; Gr. sphonggos, sponggos, a sponge.]
fungoid, fung'goid, adj., resembling a mushroom.
[L.fungus, and Gr. tides, appearance.]
fungous, fung'gus, adj., of or like fungus; soft,
spongy : growing suddenly : ephemeral.
fate, far; mc", her; mine;
Further
Funlcle), ffl'ni-kl, ft- a small cordor ligature ; a fibre*
[I., funiculus, dim. offunis, a cord or rope.]
funicular, fu-nik'O-lar, adj., consisting ofafunicle.
Funnel, fun'el, n. lit an air-hobs; a tube or passage
for the escape of smoke, &c. ; an instrument for
pouring fluids into close vessels, as bottles, &c
Vff.Jfynel, air-hole-ffwn, breath ; Sans.pavana,
an air-hole ; or from L. in-fundibulumfundo,
to pour.]
Funny, fun'i. See under Fun.
Far, fur, n. lit lining or down; the short, fine
hair of certain animals ; their skins with the fur
prepared for garments : a fur-like coating on the
tongue, the interior of boilers, &cv.t. to line
with fur ; to cover with morbid fur-like matter :
Pr.p* furring; Pa.p. furred'. [So.forro, lining;
It fodero, sheath, lining; Fr. fourreau; Goto.
fbar, a sheath : perhaps from W.fwrw, down.]
furrier, furl-er, n., a dealer infurs and fur goods.
furriery, furl-er-i, n.,fmrs in general ; trade in furs.
furry, furl, adj., consisting of, covered with, or
dressed infur.
Furbelow, fur'be'-lo, n. lit a plait or flounce; the
fringed border of a gown or petticoat [Sp.^xr^
fala; Fr. and U.falbala; Ger.falbel; Sw./rtA
bolaner; Svf.fall, a hem.]
Furbish, furTush, v.t., to purify or polish; to rub
trp until bright '.pr.p. furbishing; Pa.p. fur
bished. [Fr.fourbtr; It.forbire; old Gtx.fur-
ban, to purify : allied to Hub.]
Furcate, furTcat, adj., forked; branching like the
prongs of a fork. [L.furca, a fork.]
furcation, fur-ki'shun, a forking or branching;
out
Furfnraceous, fur-fa-ra'shus, adj., branny; scaly;
scurfy. [L.furfuraceusfurfur, bran.]
Furious, ftc. See under Fury.
Furl, furl, v.t. to roll up in a fardel or bundle, as
a sail '.pr.p. furl'ing ; Pa.fi. furled', [contr. from
obs. furdle, fardel, a bundle ; Fr. fardeler, to
pack up.]
Furlong, furlong, n. lit. a furrow-long, or the
length of a furrow ; 40 poles ; the 1th of a mile.
[A.S.furiangfur, furrow, bang, long.]
Furlough, furlo, n., leave of absence.v.t. to grant
leave of absence '.fir-P- furloughing ; pa.p,
furloughed. [Dan.fcrlov ; Dutch, verTof; Ger.
verlauberlauben, to give leave to.]
Frumenty. See Frumenty.
Furnace, fur'nls, n., an oven or enclosed fire
place for melting ores, and other purposes ; a time
or place of grievous affliction or torment [Fr.
foumaise; \..fornajc,fumus, an oven.]
Furnish, fur'nish, tofit up or supply completely,
or with what is necessary ; to equip :Pr.fi.
fur'nishing ; pa.p. fur'nished. [Fr.fournir; tu
fornire; old Ger.frumjan, to do, to perfect ; or
conn, with L.fumus, an oven.)n. fur'nlahar.
furniture, furYii-tur, n., that which is furnished;
goods and other movables in a house ; equipage ;
decorations. [Fr.fourniturt.]
Furrow, fur'rij, . lit. a ridge between two trenches
in a ploughed field, resemblinga sow's back; the
trench made by a plough : any trench or groove ;
a wrinkle on the face.v.t. to form furrows in:
to groove ; to wrinkle \fir.fi furrowing ; Pa.fi.
furrowed. [A. S. fur, fttrh, Ger. furche, from
L. fiorca, a sow, a ridge.]
Further, &c. See under Forth.
mOte ; mute ; mOTn ; Men.
 Furtive
fuKtiv, adj., thief-like; stealthy: secret,
p. fur tively. [L.furtivusfur, a thief.]
Fury, fo'ri, n., rage; violent passion; madness:
in myth., one of die three goddesses of ven
geance ; hence, a passionate, violent woman. [Fr.
furie, L. furia~~furo, to be angry.]
Carious, fG'n-us, adj.,full offury ; mad; violent.
adv. fu'riooaty.u. lu'riauantss. [L. furiosus
furia, rage.]
Furze, furz, n. the whin or gorse, a prickly, ever
green bush with beautiful yellow flowers, so called
from the likeness of its spines to those of the
fir-tree. [AS.fyrs.]
furzy, furz'i, adj. overgrown withfurse.
Tueou, fus'kus, adj. Xxt.ofa burnt colour; brown ;
dingy. [L.fusi us, akin to furvus,fusvus, from
rootfus, akin to L. root us, Sans, usk, to burn.]
Fou, Foaee. See under Full.
Fuse, fuz, v.t., to melt; to liquefy by heat.v.i.
to be melted; to be reduced to a liquid:^**./.
fusing ; Pa.p. fused'. [L.fundo,fvsum, to melt]
fusible, fuxi-bf, adj., that may be/used or melted.
n. fwdbU'tty.
fiudon, fa'zhun, ., the act offusing; the state of
being fused; the state of fluidity from heat; a
close union of things, as if melted! together,
fusee, fu-zf', ?:. , the spindle in a watch or clock on
which the chain is wound. [Fr. fusee, a spindle-
ful, from L.fusus, so called because from it the
thread runs out-fundo.]
Full, fu'zil, ., a light musket or firelock. [Fr.
fusil, a flint, musket, It.fucile, fociU, fire, from
\,.foculus, dim. of/bcus, a fireplace.]
fuse, i"u7, tt. a tube filled with combustible matter
for firing mines, discharging shells, &c
fusee, fQ-ze"', k. ong. a steel, a tinder-box; a match
or cigar light ; a fuse ; a fusil.
foaUltr, fuiUeer, fQ-zil-eV, n. orig. a soldier armed
with afusil, but now armedTike other infantry.
Fum, fus, n. lit. haste; a bustle or tumult.adj.
foM'y.adv. fuas'ily. [A. S. fus, ready, quick,
fysan, to hasten.]
Fait, fust, ., the shaft of a column. [Fr. fut,
fusth.fustis, a stick, a star!.]
hutet, fus'tet, n. lit. a tree ; the wood of the Venice
sumach, a dye-stuff. [Fr. jfustet, from low L.
fustetusL.fustis, a stick, in low L. a tree.]
i fus/tik, n. the wood of a W. Indian tree,
i a dye-stuff. [Yr.fustoc, Sp./ustete.]
fus-ti-gu'shun, tt., a beating with a
U fusttgo, fustigatus, to beat with a
9,v*.yustis,
fust'i, adj.a lit.
stick.]
smelling of the wood of the
cask, as wine ; ill smelling.n. fast'lnea*. [Fr.
fust, wood of a caskh.fustis.]
Fustian, fust/yan, . a kind of coarse, twilled cotton
cloth: an inflated, unnatural style of writing or
speaking.adj. made of fustian ; bombastic. (Fr.
Jutat?ir, old Fr. fustaine, Sp.fustan, low L.
fustaneum, acc. to Diez, from Fostat [Cairo} in
Egypt, where first made.]
Futile, fil'til, adj. Ut. that easily /ours forth;
of no importance; trifling.adv. fu'tilely. [L.
futilisfud, root of'/undo, to pour.]
fatlilty, fu-til'i-ti, ., the quality ofbeingfutile and
of producing no good effect ; usclessness.
Puttocka, fut'uks, n.pl. in a ship, the curved timbers
between the side and the bottom, [prob. corrupted
fromfoot-hook orfoot-lock.]
, fut'Qr, adj., about to be; that is to
fate, far; me, her; i
Gag
in gram., expressing what will be.. rime to
come. [L.futurus, fut.p. ofesse, to be.]
futurity, fut-uVi-ti, ., time to come; an event or
state of being yet to come.
Fan, fuz, v.i. to fly off in minute particles with a
fizzing sound \xVe water from hot iron.n. fine
light particles, as dust, [akin to Fun ; Ger. Pfus-
chen, to fizz.]n. fuzz'-bali, the dried head of
a kind of mushroom, full of a fine dust.
Fy, fI, int. same as Fie.
i. Gaberdine, gab-ar-dcV, or gab'ar-din,
a coarsefrock or loose upper garment : a mean
dress. [Sp. gabardina ; It, gavardina; old Fr.
gaban, a coarse cloak: conn, with Cap, Cop*.]
Gabble, gabl, v.i. to talk inarticulately : to chatter :
to cackle like geese :pr.p. gabbling ;
gabbled. [Ice. gabba ; Fr. gaber, old E. gab,
to mock; Dutch, gabberen, to joke; Dan. and
Scot, gab, the mouth : imitative of the sound.]
ns. gabbler, gabb ling.
Gabion, ga^bi-un, . in fort., a hallow cylinder of
wicker-work filled with earth used for shelter
from the enemy's fire. [It gabbione, a large cage
gabbia, L. cavea, a hollow placecavus,
hollow.]
gablonnade, g3-bi-un-2Ld', tt. a line ofgabions thrown
up as a defence.
Gable, ga^bl, tt. lit. thepeak or head of a thing : in
arch,, thePeaked or triangular part of an exterior
wall of a building between the top of the side-
walls and the slopes of the roof. [Goth, gibla,*.
pinnacle : Ger. giebel, gable-end ; Celt, gob, a
beak ; allied to L. caput, Gr. kepkali, the
head.]
gablet, gi'blct, n., a smallgable or canopy.
Gad, gad, m. lit a sharp-pointed instrument: a
wedge of steel : a graver. [A.S. gad; Scot.
gad, a rod, spear, goad ; Gael, gatk, a sting.]
gad, gad, v.i. in B., to rove about restlessly, like
cattle stung by the gad-fly lPr.p. gadd'ing ;
Pa.p. gad'-flT,
gadd ed.n., afly which pierces the skin cf
gad-fly,
cattle in order to deposit its eggs,
goad, god, tt. a sharp-pointed stick, often shod
with iron, for driving oxen : a stimulus.v.t. to
drive with a goad ; to urge forward :pr.p. goad'-
ing ; pa.p. goad'ed.
Gaelic, gftlik, adj., pertaining to the Gaels or
Scottish Highlanders.n. the language of the
Scottish Highlanders, a branch of the Celtic
languages. [Gael. GaeligGael.]
Gaff, gaf, n., naut., the spar expending the upper
edge of a fore-and-aft sail, acc. to Wedgwood,
orig. provided with afork at the lower end, with
which it embraced and slid on the mast. [Dan.
gaffel, W. gafl, a fork ; Gael, gabhlach, forked
gabk, to seize.]
Gaffer, gafer, . orig. a word of respect applied to
an old man, now expressive of familiarity or
contempt, [contr. ofgoodfather.]
gammer, gam'er, n. an old womanth
of Gaiter, [contr. ofgood mother.]
gagi v.t. to forcibly stop the mouth so as to
prevent speech: to silence :pr.p. gagging;
pa.p. gagged'.n. something thrust into the
mouth or put over it to enforce silence. [Swiss,
gaggen, to stutter; Gael, gagach, stuttering:
 Gage Galvanism
from the noise made in attempting to speak [A.S. gealla, gall; Ger. guilegelb, yellow:
when the action of the organs is impeded] allied to Gr. choli, L/fel.]
Gage, gaj, n. that by which one engages to perform ; Gall, gawl, v.t. lit. to rub a sore part of the skin !
a pledge; security for the fulfilment ofa promise : to annoy: to enrage :pr.p. galling;
something thrown down as a challenge, as a galled'.n. a wound caused by rubbing. [Fr.
glove.v.t. to bind by pledge or security :Pr.p. segaller, to fret, itch, rub.]
gaging; pa.p. gaged. [Fr. gagegager, to Gall, gawl, Gall-nut, gawl'-nut, n. a light nut-like
wager : Ger. wette, a wager ; Scot, wad; L. bau which certain insects produce on the oak-
vas, vadis : another form is Bet.]. tree, used in dyeing. [Ger. gall-ap/el, the oak-
Gage, gaj, v.t. to measure. Same as Gang*. apple ; It gal/a, an oak-gall ; Fr. gout, a pebble.]
Gaiety, Gaily. 1 See under Gay. Gallant, Gallantry. Sec under Gala.
Gain, gan, v.t. orig. to acquire by cultivating Gallery, gal'er-i, n. orig. an ornamental building
land: to obtain by effort : to be successful in : or apartment : a balcony surrounded by rails :
to draw to one's own party : to reach : in New a long passage : the upper floor of seats in a,
Test., to escape '-Pr.p. gauging ; pa.p. gained'. church or theatre ; a room for the exhibition of
ft. that which is gained ; profit :opposed to works of art: in fori., a covered passage cut
lots. [Fr. gagner, to gain ; old Fr. gaaigner, to through the earth or masonry. [Fr. galerie, It.
cultivate landgaagnage, profit of land.] gulleria ; low L. galeria, an ornamental hall :
gainer, gan'er, ., one who gains profit, &c. perhaps from Gala.]
gainful, gan'fool, adj.,full ofgain; productive of Galley,
wealth ; advantageous.adv. gain'fally.n. galn'- deck :gall, n. a long, low-built ship with one
oa board ship, the place where the cook
feraii ing is done : a kind of boat attached to a ship-
gainings, giinlngr, n.pl, what have been gained of-war : in Print., the frame which receives the
or acquired by labour or enterprise. type from the composing-stick, [old Fr. galee;
gainJcM, ganles, adj., withoutgain ; unproductive. Fr. galere; Dan. gallion, the beak of a ship.)
n, galnlessneat. galley-slave, gall-slav, n. one condemned for crime
Gatatay, gan'sa, or gan-sa', v.t., to say something to work Hke a slave at the oar of a galley.
against: to deny: to dispute. [A.S. gean, galleon, galli-un, n. , agreatgalley: a large Spanish
against, and Say.]n. gain'sayer, in B., an opposer. vessel with lofty stem and stern. [Sp. galeon.]
Galriah, Gariih, garish, ad/., glaring, staring; gallot, galliot, gal'i-ut, ., a small galley or brig-
showy ; attracting attention.adv. galr'iahly. antine : a Dutch vessel carrying a main-mast,
n. galr'lshneia, [old . gare, to stare.] See glare. a mizzen-mast, and a large gaff-main-sail. [Fr.
Gait, gat,gather,
Gaiter, n. See
n. aunder Gate.of cloth fitting down galiote, a half-galley, a bark.]
covering Gallic, gal'ik, adj., pertaining to Gaul or France.
upon the shoe. [Fr. guitre, guestre.] !'L. GallicusGallia, Gaul.]
Gala, gala, gallicism,
show; splendour; festivity, as a to the French fjal'i-sizm, n. a mode of speech peculiar
gala-day. [Fr. gala, show ; It. gala, finery ; Gallinaceous, : a French idiom.
A.S. gal, merry ; old Ger. geil, proud ; old Ger. order of birds gal-in-a'shus, adj. pertaining to the
geUt, pride.] to which the domestic fowl, phea
gallant, gallant, adj. orig. gay, splendid, magni sant, &c. belong. [ L. galUna, a hen, gallusp
ficent, so in Jo. : brave ; noble. [Fr. gaiant; It. aA.S. cock : akin to gel, in Gr. anggello, to proclaim,
galan, to sing.]
galantegala.}adv. gallantly.n gallantneu.
gallant, gal-lant', adj. courteous or attentive to Gallipot, gall-pot, n. a glazed claypot for contain
ladies,like a gallant or brave man.n. a man ing medicine. [Dutch, gley, clay, and Pot]
of fashion : a suitor : a seducer.v.t. to attend Gallon, gal'un, n. the standard measure of capacity
or wait on, as a lady \Pr.p. gallanting; Pa.p. = 4 quarts, [old Fr. galon, Fr.jale, a bowl.)
gallant'ed.
gallantry, gallant-ri, n. bravery ; intrepidity : polite* Galloon. See under Gala. *
Gallop, gallip, v.i., to leap in running: to ride at
ness or devotion to ladies ; lewdness.
galloon, gal-lOOn', n. lit. ornaments of a festive oped.n. the pace at which a horse; Pa.p.
a galloping pace :Pr.p. gall'oping gall'-
occasion : a kind of lace : a narrow ribbon made the fore feet are lifted together and theruns hind
when
feet
of silk or worsted, or of both. [Fr. galon^-gala.] together : a quick dance (in this sense pron.
Galaxy, gal'ak-si, n. the Milky Way, or the lum gal-op'). [Fr. galoper; It galoppare : A.S.
inous band of stars stretching across the heavens : gehleapan, to leap.]
any splendid assemblage. [Gr. galaxiasgala, gallopade, gal-up-9d , n. a sidelong kind of galop I
galaktos, akin to L>. lac, lactis, milk.] a quick kind of dancethen, the music appropri
Oalbanmn, gal'ban-um. Galban, galTjan, n. a milky ate to it.v.L to perform a gallopade. [Fr.]
resinous juice obtained from an Eastern plant, Galloway, gat'o-wa, n. a small strong horse orig.
used in med. and in the arts, and by the Jews in from Galloway in Scotland.
the preparation of the sacred incense. [.; Gr. Gallows, gal'us, . an instrument on which criminals
chalbani; Hcb. cheloenah, from chalab, milk.] are executed by hanging. [A.S. galga ; Ger. gal-
Gale, gal, . a raging wind : a strong wind be gen
tween a stiff breeze and a storm. [Gael, gal, tree.]: prob. from Ice. gagl, the branch of a
a gale ; Dan. gal, mad ; Norw. galen, raging.]
Galeated, galfi-at-ed, adj., helmeted: having a Galoche, Galoih, ga losh', n. lit a Gallic shoe: a
flower like a helmet, as the monk's hood. [L. shoe [Fr.
or slipper worn over another in wet weather.
galoche"L.gallica, a slipper, from Gallicus,
galeatusgalea, a helmet] pertaining to Gaul : according to Wedgwood, a
Gallot. See under Galley. corruption of E. clog, or Fr. claque.]
Gall, gawl, tiit greenish-yellow fluid secreted Galvanism, gal'van-izm, n. a branch of the science
from the liver, called bile : bitterness ; malignity. of electricity, which treats of electric currents
ftlte, far; me", her; mine ; mOte ; mute ; mOOn ; then.
 galvanic Garland
produced by chemical agents, [from Galvani of Gannet, gan'net. See under Gander.
Bologna, the discoverer, 173798.]
galvanic, gal-van'ik, adj.t belonging to or exhibit Gantlet, a glove. Same as Gauntlet.
Gantlet, gantlet, Gantlope, gant'lOp, n. a punish
ing galvanism. ment consisting in driving a criminal through a
galvanise, gal'van-Iz, v. t., to affect withgalvanism : lane formed by two files of men, who each strike
Pr-P- galvanising ; Pa.p. gal'vanlscd.. gaJf- him as he passessaid to have been introduced
vanlst, one skilled in galvanism. by Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden. [Svr.gatlopp
galvanometer, gal-van-om'et-er, n. an instrument gata, a street, a line of soldiers, loPP, course.}
for measuring the strength of weak galvanic cur Gaol, Jau, jftl, . lit a cave, cage, or cell: a prison.
rents. [Galvani, and Gr. metrem, a measure.]
Gambado, gam-ba'dO, n. a leather covering for the prisoners, called also a turnkey. of[Fr.
n. gaol'er, one who has charge a gaol or of
legs to defend them from mud in riding. [It. cage : Sp. j'aitla, a cell ; It. gabbiuola, giolt, dim. of
a
gamba, the leg.] gabbia, a cage ; L. cavea, cave, a hollow place
Gambia. See under Game. cavus, hollow.] See Cage.
Gamboge, gam-bo"Oj', or gam-boj', n. a yellow gum- 0*P*. g5p, v.i., toopen the mouth wide : to yawn:
resin used as a pigment and in medicine, so named to stare with open mouth : to be open, like a
from Cam&odia, in Asia, where it is obtained. gap \pr.p. gap ing ; pa.p. g5ped'.n. act ofgap
Gambol. See under Game. ing; width of the mouth when opened. [A.S.
Game, gam, ., sport of any kind : an exercise for giapan, to gape, giap, wide; Ice. gapa, to
amusement : the stake in a game : wild animals S*Popen.]
protected by law and hunted by sportsmen. [A.S. inggap, on opening made by rupture or part
gamen, play ; Sw.gamman, joy ; Swiss,gam/en, gaper, : gap'er, a cleft : a passage. [Ice. gap, an opening.}
n. , one who gapes.
to rock, gumfen, to jump ; It. gamba, the leg.] gap-toothed, gap'-tOOtht, adj. having gaps or in
game, g3m, v.i., to play at any game : to play for terstices between the teeth.
money, togamble :pr.p. gam'ing ; pa.p. gamed'.
. gam'ing, the practice of playing for money. Gar, gar, Gar-nan, gar'-fish, n. a long, slender fish
gamesome, gam'sum, adj.,full oj'game or play. with a pointed head. (A.S. gar, a dart.]
gamester, gam'ster, n. one viciously addicted to Garb, garb, n. orig. the mode of doing anything:
gaming or playing for money : a gambler. fashion of dress : external appearance. [A.S.
game-cock, gam'-kok, n., a cock trained to fight
game-keeper, gam'-kp-er, n., one who koeps or has fearwa, clothing ; Ger. garben, to dress ; It. gar~
are, to suitgarbo, the make of a thing.]
the care ofgame. Garbage. See under Garble.
gamble, gam'bl, v.i. to play for money in games of Garble, garTil, v.t. orig. to separate with a sieve;
chance.v.t. to squander away '.pr.p. gam'- to select what may serve our own purpose : to
bling; pa.p. gam'bled.n. gam'bler. mutilate anything, as a document; to corrupt:
gambol, gam'bol, v.i., to leap or skip ; to frisk or Pr-P. garbling; Pa.p.
dance in sport '.pr.p. gam'boling ; pa.p. gam'- one who garbles or selects.garbled.n. gartuar,
[Sp. garbillar, to
boled.-n. a skipping : playfulness. [Fr. gam- tihgarbillo, L. cribellumcrtbrum, a sieve:
biller, to leap ; It. gamba, Ft. jambs, the leg.] akin to Gr. and Sans, kri, to separate.]
gammon, gam'un, n. the leg or thigh of a hog, garbage, gaVbaj, . what remains after garbling
Eickled and smoked or dried.v.t. to cure, as or sifting ; refuse : the bowels of an animal.
aeon :-~-pr,p. gamm'oning ; Pa.p. gamm'oned. Garden, gaVdn, n. lit. an enclosure: a piece of
[Sp.jamon, It.gambone, a big leggamba, a leg.] ground on which flowers, &c. are cultivated.
Gammer, gam'er. See under Gaffer.
Gamut, gam'ut, n. orig. the first letter ofthe musical ing. [Fr. j'ardina; garden;
v.i. to work in to practise garden
It. giardino; old Ger. gart ;
notation invented by Guidothe Greek gamma Goth, gards ; K.yara; Wal. gard, enclosure:
G;then the scale itself: the scale or compass conn, with L. kortus, Gr. chortos.]
of wind instruments. [Gr. gamma, the letter gardening,
G ; and L. ut, the syllable used in singing the cultivating gardens.n. garnenar,laying
gaVdn-ing, n, the art of out and
one who culti
first note of the scale.] vates or has charge of a garden.
Gander, gander, n. lit. the gaping bird: the male Gargle, g&r'gl, v.t. to make a liquid gurgle or
of the goose. [A.S. gandra ; Gcr. gans, gans- bubble in the throat without swallowing it : to
erich; L. anser; Gr. chenchains, to gape: wash the throat, preventing the liquid from going
Sans, hamsaroot cha, to cry. ] down by expelling air against it :Pr.p. gar'gling ;
gannet, gan'net, n. a web-footed fowl found in the Pa.p.
northern seas. [A.S. ganot, a sea-fowl, from throat.gar'gled.n. a preparation for washing the
[Fr. gargouiller ; It. gargagliare, to
root of Gander.] murmur ; Ger. gurgel, L. gurgutio, tne gullet ;
Gang, &c Sec under Go. Gr. gargare&n, the throat : from the sound.]
Ganglion, gang'gli-on, n., a tumour in the sheath of gurgle, gur'gl, v.i. to flow in an irregular noisy cur
a tendon : a knot or enlargement in the course of rent, as water from a bottle : to make a bubbling
a nerve. [Gr.] sound :pr.p. gur'gling ; pa.p. gur'gled.
gangliae, gang'gli-ak, ganglionic, gang-gli-on'ik, adj., gargoyle, gaVgoil, n. a projecting spout, convey
pertaining to a ganglion. ing the water from the roof-gutters of buildings,
often representing human or other figures, [Fr.
Gangrene, gang'grcn, ., an eating away of flesh : gargouille.\
the first stage in mortification.v.t. to mortify. Garish. See Gairian.
v.i. to become putrid :Pr.p. gan'grening
fan'grened. [L. gangraena, Gr. ganggraina, Gariand, garland, n. an ornament for a gala-doty ;
rom grains, to gnaw. ] a wreath of flowers or leaves : a name for a book
gangrenous, gang'gren-us, adj., gangrened; morti of extracts in prose or poetry.v.t. to deck with
fied; putrefied. a garland .pr.p. gar'landing ; gar'landed.
fate, far ; mS, her ; mine ; mote ; mate ; mOOn ; then.
 Gauge
fFr. guirlande ; old Fr. galland, from It, gala, of air: any kind of the
Gat, gas, n. lit. ghost, spirit' fluid in the form
air, esp. that obtained from
festivity.] Sec Gala. coal, used in lighting houses. [Fr. gaz, a word
Girlie, garTik, k. a bulbous-rootedplant having a invented by Van Helmont, a Belgian chemist,
pungent taste, used as seasoning. [Gael, garg- '5771044> Gc\ geist, spirit.]
luighgarg, pungent, and luigh, luibh, a plant.] gaaaller, gas-a-Ier', n. ahangingframe with branches
adj. garlicky, like garlic. for gas'j'ets.
Garment. See under Garnish. gaaeous, gar/6-us, adj., in theform ofgas or air.
Garnish, gaVnish, v.t. orig. to warn; in Eng. law, to gas-fitter, gas'-fit-ter, one whofits up the pipes
to surround with ornaments, as a dish : //./>. gasify, gasl-fl, for
warn, to give notice to : tofurnish ! to adorn : and brackets gas-Mghting.
v.t., to convert into gas :pr.p.
gar'rushing ; pa.P- gar'nished, [Fr. gamir, to gas'ifying ; pa.p. gas'ificd.n, gadflca'tion, [Gas,
furnish, old r r. garer, gamir, to make aware, and "L.facio, to make.]
to warn, Ger. women, old Ger. warndn, A.S. gasometer, gas-om'et-r, n. an instrument for
varnian, E. warn.] measuringgas : a place for holding gas. [Gas,
garnish, gaVnish, garnishment, gXr'nish-ment, and Gr. metron, a measure.]
that whichgarnishes or embellishes ; ornament. gas-kon-ad', n, a boasting or bn
, gaVnish-er, one who garnishes, v.i. to brag or boast, like a <
gaVnit-Qr, furniture : ornament. [Gascon, a native of Gascony in Francea pro
, garment, n., that whichfurnishes: any vince whose inhabitants are noted for boasting.]
article ofclothing, as a coat or gown. [Fr.^ar- gasconading, gas-kon-ad'ing, n, bragging or boast
a provision or supply of ing.n.Gaseous, gasconad'ar, one who is a great boaster.
garrison, gar'i-sn, n.,to furnish.]
nimentgamir,
soldiers for guarding a fortress : a fortified place. GaaaUer,
Gash, gash,
&c See under Gas.
v. t. to make a deephack orcut into any
v.t. to furnish a fortress with troops : to de thing, esp. into flesh '.-pr-p. gash'ing ; pa.p.
fend by fortresses manned with troops :pr.p. gashed'.k. a deep, open wound. [Dutch,
garrisoning ; pa.p. garrisoned. [Yz.gamison gatsken, to cut a large holegat, a hole:
gamir, to furnish.]
Garner, gainer, n.,agranary or place wheregrain Gasometer. Sec under Gas. to hew, hack.]
perhaps allied to Fr. hacher,
is stored up.v.t. to store as in a garner '.prjf.
garnering ; Pa.p. garnered. [Norman Fr. Gasp, breathe gasp, v.i. to gape in order to catch breath;
granier; L. granaria, a gmazrygranum, a to gasp'ing
laboriously or convulsively :/r./.
; Pa.p. gasped'.. the act of opening
grain.] See Granary.
Garnet, giVnet, n. a precious stone resembling the the mouth to catch the breath ; a painful catching
grains or seeds ofthepomegranate : naut. , a sort of the breath. [Ice. geispa, to yawn: perhaps
from the sound made in gasping.]
of tackle fixed to the mainstay in ships. [It. Gastric, gas'trik, adj., belonging to the belly or
granato; L. granatum, grained, the pomegran stomach. gas-tron'om-i,
[Gr, gastir^ the
ategranum, a grain.] gastronomy,
Garret, gar'et, n. lit. a place of safety or defence : good eating. [Gr. gastir, n., belly.]
the art or science of
a room next the roof of a house. [Scot, garrit and nomos, a rule.]
or garret, a watch-tower, the top of a hill ; old Gat, gat, in B.^pa.t. of Get
Fr. garite, a place ofsafetygarir, Ger. wehren, Gate, gat, a holepierced; a passage : a frame
in the entrance into any enclosure : an entrance.
garreteer,varjan,
Gotn. to defend.]
gar-et-cy, n., one who lives in a garret : [Scot, gate, a way ; Dan. gade, a street ; Dutch,
a poor author. and Ice. gat, a hole ; Ice. gala, to perforate.]
Garrison. See under Garnish. gated, gat/ed, adj.,furnished with gates.
gate-way,
Garrote, gar-rOr/, Garrotte, par-ret', n. a Spanish gate itself, g&t'-wa, ., the way through a gate: a
mode of strangling criminals with a cord placed gait, gat, n. , way or manner of walking.
over the neck and twisted tight by a stick ; the Gather, ga/A'er, v.t.t to press together or draw into
brass collar afterwards used in strangling.v.t.
to strangle by a brass collar tightened by a screw, abyheap ; to collect ; to acquire : to plait : to learn
inference.v.i. to assemble or muster: to
whose point enters the spinal marrow : to sud increase : to suppurate '.pr.p. gath'ering ; Pa.p.
denly render insensible by semi-strangulation gathered.n. a plait or fold in cloth, made by
and then to rob :~Pr.p. garrOr'ing, garrott'ing ; drawing the thread through. [A.S. gaderian,
Pa.p. jgarrOt/cd, garrott/co. [Sp., Fr. garrot, a Dutch, gaderen, to draw to a heap.]
; Sp. garra, a claw, Prov. garra, ham, gatherer, ga/A'cr-er, one whogathers or collects:
j-mor. and W. gar, shank, shin.]
gar-rOter, garrotter, gar-ror/cr, n.,one who gathering,
a gleaner.gar7*'er-ing, n., that which is gathered
garrotts. or brought together; a crowd or assembly: a
Garrulous, gar'Q-lus, adj., chattering; talkative. tumour or collection of matter.
[L. garrulusroot of garrio, to chatter : akin Gaudy, gaud'i, adj. litjoyful; ornamented ; showy :
to Ger. girren, to coo, Sans, grt, to call.]
garrulity, gar-ul 'i-ti, gamiloacneai, gar'u-Ius-nes, n. , \ [old E. gaud, gaud
merry.adv. ily.n. gand'mesi, showiness.
an ornament ; old Fr. gaudir, to
the quality ofbeinggarrulous .'loquacity. be jolly, L. gaudere, to rejoice.]
Garter, gaVter, n. a string or band used to tie the Gauge, gaj, a measuring rod: a standard of
stockingto the leg: the badge ofthe highest order measure : estimate.v.t. to measure the contents
of knighthood in Great Britain, called the Order of any vessel : to estimate ability }pr.p. gaug7-
ofthe Garter.v.t. to bind with a garter :pr.p. * ing ; Pa,p. gauged',
gartering ; Pa.p. gartered. [Fr. gartier, jar- liquid measure ; Fr. (oldi; t,Fr..gaugerjgauge, mu.i^ii ~ rod~ :
a
retiiresjarret, the hough of the Teg; W. gar, Diez suggests a verb i Tger, from L. aequalifi-
a shank] See Garrote.
fate, fir; me", her; mine;

care, qualificare, to ascertain the equality or the
quality.]
gAj'er, n. an excise-officer, whose business
is to gauge or measure the contents of casks.
ganging, paging, n. the art of measuring casks
containing excisable liquors.
Gaol, gaul, n. a name of ancient France : an inha
bitant of Gaul. [L. Gallia.]adj. Gaul'lsh,
Gaunt, g&nt, adj.i waned; thin : having a pinched
appearance.adj. gauntly.n. gauntries*. [A.S.
gewanea, pa.p. ofgewanian, to wane.]
Gauntlet, gantHet, . the iron glove of armour,
formerly thrown down in challenge ; a long glove
covering the wrist. [Fr. ganteletgant, It.
guanto. Ice. vdttr, a glove.}
Gauze, gauz. n, a thin, transparent, silken fabric.
adj. gauzy, like gauze. [Ft. gaze; low L. gaz-
zatumprobably from Gaza in Palestine, be
cause believed to have been first made there.]
Gave, gav, pa.t. of Give,
Gawk, gawk, -, a cuckoo; a simpleton; a tall,
awkward fellow.adj. gawky, like a cuckoo,
awkward. [A.S. gaec, Gcr. gauch, Scot, gowk,
cuckoo, a simpleton.] See Cuckoo.
Gay, g&, adj., lively; bright: sportive, merry:
showy. [Fr. got; It. gajo: prob. from Ger.
j&he, exceedingly quick.]-adv. gaily or gay'ly.
gayety, gaiety, g5'e-ti, n., the state of beinggay.
merriment : finery ; show.
Gaze, giz, v.*., to see or look fixedly at :Pr.p.
gaVing ; pa.p. g3zed'.n. a fixed look ; a look
of prolonged attention : the object gazed at.
(A.S. gtsean, intensive of seon, to see.]
gazlng-stock, gar/ing-stok, n. something stuck up
to begazed at; a person exposed to public view
as an object of curiosity or contempt.
Gazelle, Gazcl, ga-zel', a small species of antelope
with beautiful dark eyes, found in Arabia and N.
Africa. [Fr.Ar. gazal, a wild goat.]
Gazette, ga-zet', n. a newspaper ; the official news
paper.v.t. to publish in a gazette \~pr.p.
gazett'tng; Pa.p. gazetted. [Fr.It. gaxzetta,
a Venetian coin worth about |d.( the sum charged
for a reading of the first Venetian newspaper, a
written sheet which appeared about the middle of
the 16th century during the war with Soliman II.]
gazetteer, gaz-ct-tcV, n. orig. a writer'for agazette ;
a geographical dictionary.
Gear, gSr, n. lit. whatever is prepared for use or
wear : dress : harness ; tackle : m meek., connec
tion by means of toothed wheels.v.t. to put in
gear, as machinery :Pr.p. gear'ing ; Pa.p.
geared'. [A.S. geara, preparationgirian, to
prepare Ice. giora, to make.]
, n. harness : in mech., a train of
, plural of
Gehenna, ge-hen'a, n. lit the valley of Hinnom,
near Jerusalem, in which the Israelites sacrificed
their children to Moloch, to which afterwards
the refuse of the city was conveyed and kept
smoulderinghence in New Test., helL [L.
Hcb. Ge, valley of, and Hinnom.]
Gelatine, gelatin, jel'a-tin, n. an animal substance,
which dissolves in hot water and forms a jelly
when cold. [L. gelb~t gtlatum, to freezegelu,
frost.]
gelatlnate, je-lat'ra-a't, gelatinise, je-lat'in-Iz, v.t., to
make into gelatine orjelly.v.i. to be converted
into gelatine or jelly :pr.p. gelat'inating, gelat/-
f&te, far ; me", her ; mine ;
generalise
inlsing ; pa.p. gelat'inatcd, gelat'inTscd..
gelatlna'tlon.
gelatinous, je-lar/in-us, adj. resembling or formed
intoJelly.
gelid, jel'id, adj., icy cold; cold.adv. gel'ldly.
ns. gel'ldness, gelldity. [L. gelidusgelu.]
Geld, geld, v.t., to emasculate or castrate : to deprive
of anything essential; to deprive of anything
obscene or objectionable '.fr.p. gelding; pa.p.
geld'ed,n. geld'er. [A.S. gylte, gelded; Ger.
geilen, to geldgeile, testicle, stone, akin to L.
coleus, cu/eus.] See CuWon.
gelding, geld'ing, act ofcastrating; a castrated
animal, especially a horse.
Gelid. See under Gelatine.
Gem, Jem. n. lit. leaf-bud; any precious stone,
especially when cut: anything extremely valu
able or attractive.v.t. to adorn with gems :
Pr.p. gemm'ing ; Pa.p. gemmed'. [Fr. gemme
L. gemma, a bud, prob. for gesmages =ger,
root ofgero, to bear.]
gemmate, jem'at, adj. in bot., having buds. [L.
gemmatus, pa.p. ofgemmo, to hudgemma.]
gemmation, jem-ma'shun, n. in bot., act or time of
budding: arrangement of buds on the stalk.
genunlferous, jem-mif'er-us, adj., producing buds.
[L. gemmifergemma, andfero, to bear.]
gemmlparous, jem-mipar-us, adj., in zool., repro
ducingby buds growing on the body. [L. gemma,
a bud, paro, to bring forth.]
genunule, jem'uL n,, a little gem or leaf-bud. [Fr.
L. gemmula, dim. ofgemma.]
Gemini, jem'i-nT, n.pl.t twins; a constellation con
taining the two bright stars Castor and Pollux.
[L., pi. of geminus, twin bom, forgenminus
gen, root ofgigno, to beget.]
gemlnous, jem'in-us, adj., in bot., double, in pairs.
Gender, jen'der, v.t., to beget; to engender.v.i.
in B., to copulate '.pr.p. gen'dering ; Pa.p.
gen'dercd. [Fr. gendrerin engendrer; L.^
from genus, generis, birth.] See Genus.
gender, jen'der, n. lit. breed; kind, esp. with r
to sex; in gram., difference of a word to c
sex. [Fr. genre; L. genus.]
Genealogy, jen-e-al'o-j*i, n., history ofthe descent of
families; the pedigree of a particular person or
family. [L., Gr. genealogiagenos, L. genus,
birth, logos, a discourse,] See Genu.
genealogical, jen-e-a-lojlk-al, adj.,t
exhibiting the genealogy or pedigree of f
or persons.adv. genealogically.
genealogist, jen-e-al'o-jist, n., one who studies or
traces genealogies or descents.
General, jen'er-al, adj., relating to a genus or whole
class ; including many species : not special ; not
restricted : common : prevalent ; public : loose ;
vague. [ L. genera/isgenus.] See Genu*.
general, jcn'cr-al, n. the whole or chief part: an
officer who is head over a whole department : a
military officer who commands a body of men not
less than a brigade ; the chief commander of an
army in service.
generalissimo, jcn-er-al-is'i-mo, ., the chief'general
or commander of an army of two or more divi
sions, or of separate armies. [It.]
generality, ien-er-al'i-ti, n., state of being general
or of including particulars ; the main part; the
greatest part. [L. generalitas. \
generalise, jen'er-al-Tz, v.t., to make general; to
reduce to or include under a genus or general
term : to infer from one or a few the nature of
i
 generalisation
a whole class '.Pr.p. generalising ; Pa.p. gener
alised. [Fr. generaltsergeneral.]
generalisation, jen-er-al-i-za'shun, ., act ofgener
alising or of comprehending under a common
name, several objects resembling each other in
some part of their nature.
generally, jen'er-al-li, adv., in general; commonly;
extensively ; most frequently : in a general way ;
without detail : in B., collectively, together: in
Pr. Bk., without restriction or limitation.
generalship, jen'er-al-ship, n., the office or skill ofa
general or military officer ; military skill.
V jen'er-at, v.t., toproduce one's kind ; to
bring into life ; to originate):pr.p. generating;
Pa-P- generated. [L. genero, generatusgenus.)
renerant, jen'er-ant, n., thepower that generates or
produces. [L. generans, -an(is, pr.p. ofgenero.]
generation, jen-er-5'shun, n., act ofgenerating or
producing ; origination : that which is generated :
a single stage in natural descent ; the people of
the same age or period: family; offspring:
in //., in B., genealogy, history. [L. generation
generative, jen'er-a-tiv, adj., having the power of
generating or producing ; prolific,
rener&tor, jen'er-a-tor, n.t one who or that which
generates, begets, or produces : the principal
sound in music. [L.]
, &c. See under Genu.
, jen'er-us, adj. lit. and orig. of a high or
noble genus or family : of a noble nature : mag-
nanimous; courageous; open-hearted; liberal:
invigorating in its nature, as wine.adv. gen'er-
ouly.n. gen'erouneta, [L. generosusgenus,
birth.] See Genu,
generosity, jen-er-os'i-ti, n., quality ofbeing gener
ous ; nobleness or liberality of nature. [Fr.
ginirositi; L. generositas.]
Genesis, jen'e-sis, n.t generation, creation, or pro
duction : the first l>ook of the Bible, so called
from its containing an account of the Creation.
[L. and Gr.Gr. gignomaiohs.gend, to beget.]
Genet, Jennet, jen'et, n. a small, well-proportioned
Spanish horse. [Fr. gentt ; Sp. ginete, a horse-
soldier : also given, a horse of yaen, in Spain.]
Genet, jcn'et, n. a carnivorous animal, allied to the
civet, of a gray colour, marked with black or
brown, a native of Africa, Asia, and. S. Europe.
[Fr. genette ; Sp. gineta ; of Eastern origin.]
Geneva, je-ni'va, n. a spirit distilled from grain and
flavoured with jumper-berries, also called Hol
lands, [a corr. of Fr. genUvre, Prov. genibre,
It ginepre, L. juniperus, the juniper.]
Genial, jc'ni-al, adj., contributing to the gener
ation or to the enjoyment of life; healthful;
cheering ; merry.adv. ge'niaUy. [L. genialis,
from genius, the spirit of social enjoyment.)
geniality, je-ni-afi-ti, genUlneee, je'm-al-nes, .,
quality ofbeinggenial; gaiety; cheerfulness.
Geniculate, je-nik'Q-lat, Genlculated, je-nik'Q-lat-ed,
adj. in hot. , bent abruptly like the knee ; jointed ;
knotted. [L. geniculatusgeniculum, a little
kneegenu, the knee.]n. genlcuU'tlon.
Genital, jcn'i-tal, adj., belonging to generation, or
the act of producing. [L. genitalisgigno,geni-
tus, to beget.] See Genu.
geniu.li. jcnt-talz, n.pl. the exterior organs of
generation.
genitive, jen'i-tiv, adj. , lit. belonging to generation ;
in gram., indicating a case of nouns denoting
origination, possession, &c. expressed in English
by of, &c. [L. genitivus.]
fate, far ; mi, her ; mine ;
Geocentric
Genius, jeni-us, n. a good or evil spirit, supposed by
the ancients to preside over every person, place, *
and thing, and esp. to preside over a man'sdestiny
from his birth.pi. genii, g6'ni-T. [h. genius
gigno, gtnitus, to beget, produce.] See Genu.
genius, jcn'yus, n. the special inborn faculty of any
individual ; special taste or disposition qualifying
for a particular employment ; superior inborn
power of mind; a man having such power of
mind : peculiar constitution or character of any
thing.//, geniuses, jen'yus-ez. [L. ingenium
genius.]
Genteel, jen-teT, adj. lit belonging to a noble gens
or family ; well-bred ; graceful in manners or in
formadv. genteelly. [L.gcntiltsgew.gentis,
a familygen, root of Gr. gignemai, to beget.]
See Genu.
gentile, jen'tll, n. lit. one belonging to the same
clan orfamily : iaB., any one not a Jew. adj.
belonging to any nation but the Jews : in gram.,
denoting a race or country. [L. gentilisgens.]
gentility, jcn-til i-ti, genteelnen, jen-tel nes, n. good ^
birth or extraction : quality of being genteel;
good-breeding ; politeness of manners.
gentle, jen'tl, adj. orig. genteel or of noble birth:
becoming one of noble birth: not rough in man
ners ; docile : mild, amiable : soothing.adv.
gently.n. gentleness. [L..gentilis.] Sec Genteel.
pentlefolka, jcn'tl-fokz, n.pl.,folk ofgoodfamily or
above the vulgar. [See Folk.]
gentleman, jen'tl-man, n., a man ofgentle or noble
birth ; one who without a title wears a coat of
arms; more gen. every man above the rank of
yeoman, including the nobility ; one above the
1 trading classes : a man of refined manners : an
officer of the royal household :in pi. a word of
address.//, gen'tlemen. fern, gen'tlewoman. *
gentlemanlike, jen'tl-man-llk; genUesoanly, jen'tl-
man-li, adj., like, pertaining to, or becoming a
gentleman.n. gen tlemHoliness.
gentry, jen'tri, n. orig. rank by birth; the class of
people between the nobifity and the vulgar,
[contr. from gentlerygentle.]
Gentian, jen'shan, n. a plant, the root of which is
used in medicine, said to have been brought into
use by Gentius, king of Illyria, conquered by the
Romans about 160 B.C.
Gentile, Gentle, Gentry. See under GenteeL
Gentle, jen'tl, n. the maggot of the flesh-fly used as
bait in angling.
Genuine, jen'Q-in, adj. of the original genus or
stock ; natural ; real ; pure.adv. gen'mnely.
m. gen'uineneu. [Fr. ; L. genuinusgigno, geni-
tus, to beget, to be born.]
Genuflection, Genuflexion, jen-Q-flek/shun, act of
bending the knee, esp. in worship. [L. gentt, the
knee, flexio, a bendingflccto, flcxum, to
bend.]
Genu, jc*nus, . lit. breed, race; kind ; a group con
sisting of a number of species having common
marks or characteristics.//, genera, jen'er-a.
[L. genus, generis, birth ; Gr. genosgignomai,
obs. gend. Sans, jatt, to begetE. Kin.]
generic, je-nerlk, generical, je-ne/ik-al, adj., per'
taining to a genus ; marking or comprehending
a genus. [Fr. ginfrigue.}adv. gener'ieally.
Geocentric, jC-o-sen'trik, Geocentrical, jf-o-sen'trik-
al, adj. lit. having the earth for its centre; in
astr., as seen or measured from the earth.adv.
geocen'tiically. [Gr. gi, the earth, and kentrvn,
a centre.]
mOte ; mute ; mOOn ; Men.
 Geode
Geed*, jej'od, n. in tnin., a rounded nodule of stone
which, like the earth) has its interior filled with
water or other matter, but oftener lined with
crystals. [Gr. geodisgi, earth, eidos, form.]
geodesy, jfi-od'e-si, n. lit. dividingoftheearth; that
branch of land-surveying in which the curvature
of the earth is taken into account. [Fr. geodesic
Gr. geddaisiagi, the earth, daid, to divide.]
geodesic, je-o-des'ik, geodesicaJ, je-o-des'ik-a.1, geo
detic, je-o-det'ik, geodetical, jc-o-det'ik-al, adj.,
Pertaining to or determined by geodesy.
Geognosy, je-og"no-si, n. lit. knowledge ofthe earth :
the observed facts of geology without reference
to the science. [Fr. geognosieGr. gi, the earth,
and gnosis, knowledgegigndskd, to know.]
geognost, jC'og-nost, n. a geologist.
geognoetlc, j-og-nosfik, adj. geological.
Geogony, j-og'o-ni, n. the doctrine of the produc-
turn orformation of the earth.adj. geogon'ic.
[Fr. geogonieGr. gi, the earth, goni, gener
ationgend, gignomai, to be born, produced.]
Geography, jC-og'ra-n, n. the science which describes
the surface of the earth and its inhabitants : a
book containing a description of the earth. [Gr.
gedgrapkiagi, the earth, graphi, a description
graphs, to write, to describe.]
geographer, j-og'ra-fer, n. , one who is versed in, or
who writes on geography.
geographic, jfi-o-graf ik, geographical, j-o-graf'ik-al,
adj.,relatingtogeography.adv. geograph ically.
Geology, Je-ol'o-jt, n. lit. a discourse on the earth;
the science which treats of the structure and
mineral constitution of the earth. [Fr. geologie
Gr. gi, the earth, logos, a discourse.]
geological, j e-o-loj'ik-ul, adi., pertaining to geology,
adv. geologically. [Fr. geologioue.]
geologise, je-ol'o-jlr, v.i., to study geology :pr.p.
geol'oglsing ; Pfi.p. geologised.
geologist, jS-oT'o-jist, one versed in geology,
Geomancy, j'o-man-si, ., divination by figures or
lines drawn on the earth. [Fr. geomanceGr.
gi, the earth, and manteia, divination.]
geomancer, je'o-man-ser, one skilled in geo
mancy.
geomantlc, je'-o-man'tik, adj., pertaining to geo
mancy.
Geometry, je%om'e-tri, n. lit. the art of measuring
land; that branch of mathematics which treats
of the properties of magnitude and its relations.
[Gr. geOmetriageontetrS, to measure landgi,
the earth, metrd, to measure.]
geometer, jei-om'e-ter, geometrician, j-om'e-trish-
yan, n., one skilled in geometry.
geometric, je-o-mer'rik, geometrical, je-o-mct'rik-at,
adj., Pertaining to geometry ; according to or
done by geometry.tuiv. geomet rically,
Geoponic, jfi-o-pon'ik, Geoponlcal, je-o-ponlk-al,
adj. pertaining to tilling the earth or to agri
culture. [Fr. geoponiqueGr. gedponikosgi,
the earth, ponos, labourpenomai, to labour.]
geoponlcs, je-o-pon'iks, n.sing., agriculture.
Georama, ie-c-ra'ma, or -ra'ma, n. a spherical cham
ber with a general view ofthe earth on its inner
surface. [Gr. gi, the earth, horama, a view
horaS, to see.]
Georgian, jorj'i-an, adj., relating to the reigns of
the four Georges, kings of Great Britain.
Oeorgic, jorjlk, Georgical, jorjlk-al, adj. relating to
agriculture or rustic affairs. [L. georgicus, Gr.
georgikosgeSrgia, agriculturegit the earth,
and ergon, a work.]
Cite, firj me. hit ; mine ;
Get
georgic, jorj'ik, . a poem on husbandry.
Gerah, gfi'ra, n. lit a bean: in B., the smallest
Hebrew weight and coin, ^ of a shekel, and
worth about i$d. [Hcb. gerah, a bean.]
Geranium, je-r5'ni-um, n. a genus of plants with
seed-vessels like a crane's-bill. [Gr. geranion
geranos, a crane.]
Gerfalcon, jer'faw-kn, same as Gyrfalcon.
Germ, jerm, n., that which is toproduce an embryo :
in bat., the seed-bud of a plant ; a shoot : that
from which anything springs, the origin ; a first
principle. [Fr. germeL. germen, for gerimen
gerol to bear, to produce.)
german, jer'man, adj. lit derivedfrom the same
germ or stock ; of the first degree. [L.germanus,
prob. for germin-anusgermen, bud. origin.]
german-sUver, jer'man-sil'ver, n. a metal akin to or
resembling silver, being an alloy of copper,
nickel, ana zinc.
germinal, jerm'in-al, adj., pertaining to a germ.
germinate, jerm'in-at, v.i. to springfrom a germ;
to begin to grow:Pr.p. germinating; pa.p.
germ'inated.n. germination. [L. germino,
germinatusgermen.]
germlnant, jermin-ant, adj., sprouting; sending
forth germs or buds. [L. germinans, -anti*,
pr.p. ofgermino.]
German, jer'man (pi. Ger'mans), n. a native of Ger
many ; the German language.adj. of or from
Germany. [L. Germani, variously given as
meaning 'the shouters,' from Celt gairm, a loud
cry; 'neighbours,' i.e. to the Gauls, from the
Celtic ; and ' the war-men,' from Ger. wehr =
Fr. guerre, war.]
Germen, jerm'en, same as Germ.
Germinal, &c. See under Germ.
Gerund, ier*und, n. a part of the Latin verb express
ing the carrying on of the action of the verb.
[L. gerundiumgcro, to bear, to carry.] _
gerundlal, jer-undl-al, adj., relating to the gerund.
gestation, jes-ta'shun, n., the act of carrying the
young in the womb. [L. gestaiiogesto, gesta-
turn, to carrygero, to bear.]
gestatory, jes'ta-tor-i, adj., pertaining to gestation
or carrying ; that may be carried.
gestic, jes'tik, adj., pertaining to bodily action or
motion. [L. gestus, carriage, motiongero.]
gesticulate, jcs-tik'u-lat, v.t. to represent by action.
v.i. to make gestures or motions when speak
ing; to play antic tricks :^r./. gesticulating;
Pa.p. gesticulated. [L. gesticulor, gesticulatus
gesticulus, dim. ofgestus, a gesture.]
gesticulation, jes-tik-u-la'shun, n., act of making
gestures in speaking ; a gesture ; antic tricks.
geetlculatery, jes-tik'fl-la-tor-i, adj. representing in
gesticulations or gestures.
gesticulate*, jcs-tik'u-lat-or, n., one whogesticulates
or makes gestures.
gesture, jes'tur, a bearing, position, or move
ment of the body ; an action expressive of senti
ment or passion.
Get, get, v.t., to seize; to obtain possession of: to
beget offspring : to learn : to persuade : in J> . ,
to Detake, to carry.v.i. to arrive at any place,
state, or condition ; to become '.pr.p. gett'ing ;
pa.t. got ; pa.p. got, (obs.) gotr/en. [A.S. gitan,
to get ; allied to chad, root of Gr. ckandand, L.
Pre-hendo, to seize, E. hand.]43t at, to reach:
Get off, to escape : Get on, to proceed, advance :
Get over, to surmount : Get through, to finish : Get
up, to arise, to ascend.
getter, get'er, n., one who gets or obtains,
getting, get'ing, n., act ofgetting, gaining, or win
ning ; that which is got ; gain.
Gewgaw, gu'gaw, n. a toy ; a bauble.adj. showy
without value, [prob. from old . gaud, an
ornament, reduplicated.]
Geyser, gl'ser, n. lit. that which burstsforth with
violence; a boiling spring in Iceland. [Ice. geysa,
to be impelled, geysilegr, vehement.]
Ghastly, &c See under Ghost.
Ghaut, gaut, n,, a mountain-Pass; a chain of
mountains. [Hind, ghat, an entrance to a
country.] Sec Gate.
Gherkin, gcrlcin, n. a small cucumber used for
pickling. [Ger. gurke, Sw.gurka, Russ. oguretz,
Pers. and Hind. khiydr.\
Ghost, gost, n. lit. breathy spirit; the soul of man ;
a spirit appearing after death.adj. ghostlike.
[A.S. gast, Ger. geist, gascAt.]To give np the
ghost, in B., to die.
ghostly, gostli, adj., spiritual; religious : pertaining
to apparitions.n. ghost Uness.
ghastly, gastli, adj., like a ghost; deathlike ; ex
tremely pale ; hideous ; frightful.. ghastllness.
Ghoul, gaol, ., a demon supposed to feed on the
dead. [Pers. ghol; ghul, a mountain demon.]
Giant, jl'ant {/em. giantess), n. lit earth-bom ; a
man of extraordinary size ; a person of extraor
dinary powers.adj. gigantic, [old E. and Fr.
giant, A.S.gigant, L. gtgas, Gr. gigas,gigantos,
prob. the same as gegenes, earthborn, one of the
first inhabitants of the earth, who, according to
the ancients, were men of immense siregi, the
earth, genS, to beget.]
gigantic, jl-gan'tik, adj., giantlike; suitable to a
giant ; enormous.adv. glgan'tlcally.
Gibberish, gib'er-ish, n. rapid, gabbling talk ;
unmeaning words.adj. unmeaning, [obsolete
gibber, to gabble or jabber.] See Gabble.
Gibbet, jil/et, n. lit. a halter; a gallows : the pro
jecting beam of a crane.v.t. to expose on a
gibbet, to execute :fr.p. gibr/eting ; pa.p.
gibb'eted. [Fr. gibet, It. giubbetto, a halter,
dim. ofgiubba, a doublet.]
Gibbon, gib'un, n. a genus of long-armed apes,
natives of the . Indies.
Glbbcee, gib-bos', adj., Humped; having one or
more elevations. [L. gibbotusgibbus. a hump.]
gibbous, git/us, adj., hump-backed: swelling, con
vex, as the moon when nearly full.adv. gtbb'-
OTUly.n. gibb'ouanes*.
Gibe, jib, v.t. lit to wry the mouth; to mock; to
tauntv.i. to cast reproaches; to sneer pr.p.
gibing ; Pa.p. gTbedCn, a scoff or taunt ; con
temptadv. glb'lngly. [from root of Gabble.]
Glblats, jib/lets, 71.pl. the internal eatable parts of a
fowl, cut off before cooking it.adj. gib let, made
Of giblets, [old Fr. gibetet, prob. from gibier,
game : or dim. of Fr. gobbeau, a bit or gobbet]
gid'i, adj., unsteady, dimey: that causes
; whirling : inconstant ; thoughtless.
g, Gael, gadoch, giddy ; Norw. gidda,
to shake.]adv. gidd ily.n. giddiness.
Gler-eagle, jer'-e-gl, n. in B., a species of eagle.
[See Gyrfalcon.]
Gift See under Give.
Gig, gig, n. lit. that which goes or whirls rapidly ;
ong. a whirligig ; a light two-wheeled carriage ;
a long, light boat [old E. gig, a whirligig ; Fr.
- *"tir*** a rapid dance ; old Ger. gcigen, Ger,
gehen, to go, to move.]
Gigantic. See under Giant
Giggle, gigl. v.i., to laugh with short catches of
the breath, or in a silly manner '.pr.p. gigg'ling ;
Pa-P- giggled- a laugh of this kind.n.
giggler, one icho giggles, [from the sound.]
Qigot. jig'ut, n. a leg of mutton, from its likeness
to afiddlein shape. [Fr.old tr.gigue, a fiddle.]
Gild, gild, v.t., to cover or overlay with gold; to
cover with any gold-like substance : to adorn
with lustre 'Pr.p. gilding ; pad. and Pa.p.
gild ed, or gilt (A.S. gildangold.] See Gold.
Lder, gild'er, n., one whose trade is togild or c
articles with a thin coating of gold.
gilding, gilding, *., act or trade of a gilder : gold
laid oq any surface for ornament
gilt, gilt, adj., gilded.adj. gilt-edged, having
gilded edges, as the leaves of a book.
GUI, gil, n. lit the jaw, gullet, or throat ; in PL
the breathing organs in fishes and certain other
aquatic animals ; the flap below the bill of a fowl.
[A.S. gtagl, a jaw, L. gula, the throat]
GUI, jil, n. a measure = J pint [old Fr. gaille, or
jale, an earthen vessel; low L. gillo, a flask.]
See Gallon.
GUI, jil, n. ground-ivy ; beer flavoured with
ivy. {from Gillian or Juliana, a femal
contracted Gill, Jill}
GlUy-flower, gill-flow-er, n. lit. nut-leaf, the eleve-
tree; stock, so called from its clove-like smell,
[old E.jersjtoure, sJt.giroflieGr. karyophyllon,
the clove-treekarypn, a nut, phylion, a leaf.]
GUt, gilt pa t- and pa.p. of GUd.
Gimbals, gim'bal/, n.pi., two rings for suspending
the mariner's compass so as to keep it always
horizontal. [L. gemelli, twins.]
Glmblet, gun'blet, Gimlst, gimlet, n. a small tool
for boring holes by wimbling or turning it with
the hand.v.t. to pierce with a gimlet :
to turn round (an anchor) as if turning a t.
^r.p. gimUeting, gimleting ; Pa.p. giml:
gimleted. [Fr.gibetet,gimbcUtl*i\%.jhimbla,
akin to Dutch, wemelen, to twist] See Wimble.
Muvoiil. jimlcrak, ., a pretty thing; a toy ; a
trivial mechanism. [Gimbals, and Crack, a notse :
transferred from the working of two rings or
joints to any trivial mechanism.]
Gimp, gimp, n. a kind of trimming, &c. of silk
wound or whipped round a wire or coarse thread.
[Ft. guipureguiper, to whip round with silk.]
Gin, jin, n. an alcoholic liquor made in Holland
from rye and barley, and flavoured withjuniper
berries, [contracted from Geneva.]
Gin, jin, n., an engine; the name of a variety of
machines, esp. one with pulleys for raising
weights, &c. ; a pump worked by rotary sails :
a trap or snare, so in B.v.t. to trap or snare :
to clear cotton of its seeds by a machine >pr.P.
ginning; Pa.p. ginned', [contr. from Engine.]
Ginger, jin'jer, n. the root of a plant in the E. and
W. Indies, with a hot and spicy taste, so called
from being shaped like a horn, [old E. gingiber,
L. zingiber, Gr. zingiberis, Sans, critiga-vtra
cringa, horn, vera, shape.]
Gingham, gingluun, . a kind of cotton cloth of
yarn dyed before being woven, introduced from
India. [Fr. guingan, Java, ginggan.]
Glngle, jing'gl, same as Jingle.
 Oipsey glass-blower
Gipsey, same as Gypsey. gladding ; Pa.p. gladd'ed.adv. gladTy.n.
Giraffe, zhi-raf, or ji-raf', . the camelopard, an gladnena. [AS. glad; Ger. glatt, smooth, akin
African quadruped with remarkably long neck to L. laetus, joyful, Sans, las, to shine.]
and legs. [Fr., Sp. girafa, Ar. xirafah,] gladden, glad'n, v.t., to make glad; to cheer; to
Gird, gerd, v.t., to enclose; to bind round ; to make animate '.Pr.p. gladdening ; Pa.p. gladd'ened.
fast by binding :
girding ; Pa.t. anQl to gird'ed or girt. [AS. gladsome,
surround : to clothe :/""./ glad'sum, adj., glad; joyous; gay.
adv. glad'somely.n. glad'aomeaeaa.
gyrdan, Ger. gurten, from root of Garden ] Glade, glad, n. lit. a passage through which the
girder, gerd'er, tfr wA? or that which girds; light glitters or shines ; an open space in a wood.
the principal piece of timber in a floor binding [old E. glade, shining, bright; Norw. glette, a
the others together. clear spot among clouds ; Ice. glita, to shine ;
girdle, gerdl, n., that which girds or encircles, Scot, gteid, to illuminate. ]
esp. a band for the waist ; an enclosure : injew., Gladiate, glad'i-2t, adj., sword-shaped. [L.gladius,
a horizontal line surrounding a stone.v.t. to a sword.J
bind, as with a girdle ; to enclose ; to make a gladiator, gladl-i-tor, n. in ancient Rome, one who
circular incision, as through the bark of a tree
to kill it '.pr.p. gird'ling ; Pa.p. girdled. [A.S. fought in single combat with the sword for the
amusement of spectators. [L.giadius.]
gyrdelgyrdan.} gladiatorial, glad-i-a-tCrl-al, gladlatory, gladl-3-
glit, gert, v.t. , togird:pr.f. girting ;pa.p. girted. tor-i, ic, relating
girt, gert, girth, gerth, n.f that which girds; belly- gladiole, gladl-Ol, n.togladtators or prize-fighting.
lit. a little sword ; the plant
band of a saddle ; measure round the waist. sword-lily. [L. gladiolus, dim. ofgladius.]
Girl, gerl, n. a female child ; a young woman, [prob. Gladsome. See under Glad.
A.S. ceorl, Ger. karl, a fellow, formerly applied Glair, glar, ft., the clear part of an egg used as
to children of both sexes.] varnish ; any viscous( transparent substance.
girlhood, gerlliood, n., the state of being a girl. v.t. to varnish with white ofegg :pr.p. glairing ;
girlish, gerl'ish, adj., of or like a girt.~-adv. girl'- Pa.p. glaired7. [AS. glosre, glare; L. clarus,
llbiy.. girl Uhneaa. clear. See Clear.]
Girt, Girth. See under Gird. glairy, glarl, glareoTU, glaVe-us, adj. , like glair.
CHrt. jist, or jit, n. orig. a resting-place; that on Glance, glans, ft., brightness like glass; a sudden
which a question or action rests ; the main point shoot of light : a darting of the eye ; a momentary
or pith of a matter, [old Fr. giste, abode view.v.t, fV> dart a ray of light or splendour ; to
jesir, Prov.jazer, h.jacere, to lie.]
Give, giv, v. t., to cause another to take ; to bestow : snatch a momentary view : to fly off obliquely : to
make a passing allusion.v.t. to dart suddenly
to impart : to yield ; to grant ; topermit : to afford ; or obliquely 'Pr.p. glancing ; Pa.p. glanced'.
to furnish : to pay or render, as thanks : to pro adv. glanc'ingly. [Ger. glans, brightness, akin to
nounce, as a decision : to shew, as a result : to gtas, glass, and gfeissen, to shine, to glitter, Ice.
apply, as one's self: to allow or admitv.i. to glans, shining. See Glass.]
yield to pressure ; to begin to melt ; to grow soft :
pr.p. giving ; p<i.t. gave ; Pa.p. given (giVn). Gland, gland, n. lit. a little acorn ,* a fleshy organ
of the body which secretes some substance front
Give chase, to pursue : Give forth, to emit, to the blood : in hot., a small cellular spot which
publish : Give In, to yield : Give oat, to report,
to emit: Give over, to cea>e : Give place, to give secretes a gland,
oil or aroma. [Fr. glandeL. glandula,
dim. ofglans, glomdis, an acorn.]
way, to yield : Give up, to abandon. [K.S.gifan, glanders, gland'erz, n. a disease oftheglands ofthe
Ger. geben, Goth, giban, as if a causative form lower jaw and of the mucous membrane in horses.
of Gael, gabh, to take, lay hold of.] glandered, gland'crd, adj., affected with glanders.
gift, gift, the thing given; a bribe; a quality glandiferous, gland-ifer-us, adj., bearing acorns or
bestowed by nature ; the act of giving.v.t. to nuts. [L. glandiferglans, andfero, to bear.]
endow with any power or faculty :pr.p. gifting ; glandiform, glandl-form, adj., resembling a glandI
Pa.p. gifre. nut-shaped. [I* glans, andforma, form.]
gifted, girt'ed,
fed, adj.,
giver, giVer, one endowed
whogivesbyornature,
bestows. glandular, gland'u-lar, glandulous, gland u-lus, adj.,
containing, consisting of, or pertaining to glands.
, gizard, n. a preparatory stomach in birds, glandule, gland'ui, ., a smallgland.
muscular and (Hied with gravel or small Glare, glar, *., a clear, dazzling light ; overpower
i that grind the food. [Fr. gtsier, Lang. ing lustre: a piercing look.v.t. to shine with a
greziigres, Fr. gresil, gravel.J
Glabrous, gla'brus, adj., smooth, bald; having no clear, dazzling light ; to be ostentatiously splen
did : to look with piercing eyes :pr.p. glaring ;
hairs or any unevenness. [L. glaber, akin to Pa.p. glared', [low Gzr.glarrn, to glow like burn
glubo, to peel, Gr. gtuphd, glapho, to carve.] ing coals: akin to Clear and Glair.]
Glacial, gla'shi-al, adj., icy ; frozen ; pertaining to glaring, glaring, adj., clear; notorious.adv. glar'-
ice or its action, esp. to glaciers. (I., glactalis lngly.n. glar'ingneo.
glades, ice, connected with Giata. )
glacier, gli'sher, or glasl-er, n., a field of ice anil Glass, glas. n. lit. that which glances or shines;
the hard, brittle, transparent substance in win
snow, such as is found in the hollows and on the dows
slopes of lofty mountains. [Fr. L. glacies, ioe.] vesselj; anything made of glass, esp. a drinking-
a mirror,, &c : in //. spectacles : the
glacis, gla'sis, orgli-ses', . , that which is sliding or quantity of Liquid a glass holds.adj. made
slippery like ice; a gentle slope ; infort., a slop of glass.v.t. to case in glass.adj. gluw'like.
ing bank. [Fr.old Fr. glacier, to slideL. [A.S. glees; Ger. glas, akin toglans, brightness,
glacies, ice.]
GLad, glad, adj. lit. smooth, having nothing U* and gleissen, to shine; Dan. glar, Ice. gler,
disturb the mind; pleased ; cheerful ; bright : glass-blower, glas'-blG-er, ft.,Glar*.]
glass ; akin to Glance and
one who
giving pleasure.v. t. to make glad '.fr.p. glass.
fate, far ; me, her ; mine ; mOte ; mute ; mOOn ; /fen.
 glaaawort
(lunmrt, glas'wurt, n., a plant so called from its
yielding soda used in making glass. [Glass, and
A.S. wyrt, a plant.]
glassy, glas'i, adj., made of or like glass.-adv.
gXudfiy.n. glase'lness.
glose, glSz, v./. to furnish or cover with glass: to
cove with a thin surface of or resembling glass ;
to give a glassy surface to '.Pr.p. glazing ; Pa.p.
glazed'.m. the glassy coating put upon pottery ;
any shining exterior, [old E. glaseGloss.]
Glazier, gla'zi-er, one whose trade is to set glass
in window-frames, &c.
glaring, glazing, n., the act or art ofsettingglass;
the art of covering with a vitreous substance :
in paint., semi-transparent colours put thinly
over others to modify the effect.
Glaucous, glaulcus, adj., grayish blue; of a sea-
green colour : in hot., covered with a fine green
bloom. [L. giaucus, Gr. glaukos, blue or gray,
orig- gleaming, akin to glaussd, to shine.]
Glaza, &c. , See under Gloss.
Gleam, glem, v.i; to glow or shine; to flash :Pr.p.
gleaming ; pa.p. gleamed'.. a small stream of
Eght ; a beam ; brightness. [A.S.;gldwan, to
shine ; "SoTW.glima, to shine bright ; old E. leem,
a gleam, A.S. leoman( to shine.]
gloomy, glem'i, adj. casting beams or rays of light.
Glean, glSn, v.i. to gather in handfuLs the corn left
by the reapers.v.t. to gather after a reaper ; to
collectwhat is thinly scattered :pr.p. gleaning ;
Pa.p. gleaned'.n. that which is gleaned ; the
act of gleaning. [Fr. glanergutne, ears of
corn gathered ; A.S. giim, a handful of corn.]
Gleba, gle"b, n. lit. and orig. soil; the land belong
ing to a parish church or ecclesiastical benefice :
in mining, a piece of earth containing ore. [Fr.
L. gleba. a clod, soil.]
glebous, glebus, gleby, glffbl, adj., cloddy, turfy.
[L. glebosusgleba.]
Glede, gled, n. in B., the common kite, a rapacious
bird. [A.S. glida, perhaps fromglidan, to glide.]
Glee, gle", n. orig. music, song; joy; mirth and
gaiety ; in mus., a song or catch in parts. [A.S.
gleo, gliw, song, gteowan, to sing ; akin to Glad.]
gleeful, gleTool, adj.,full ofgle* orjoy ; merry.
Glen, glen^ n. a narrow valley worn by a river; a
depression between hills. [A.S. glen, W. glyn
llyn, a stream, A.S. hlina, a brook.]
Glib, glib, adj., slippery, smooth: moving easily;
voluble.adv. glibly.. glib'neu. [prov. E.
giaber, Dutch, glibberig, slippery; akin to L.
glaber, smooth, and labor, loot, to slide.]
Glide, glTd, v.i., to slide smoothly and easily; to
flow gently ; to pass rapidly '.Pr.p. gliding ;
Pa.p. glided.n. act of gliding. adv. gUd'lngly.
[A.S. gtidan, to slip, to slidegiid, slippery;
Ger. gleiten, to move smoothly.]
Glimmer, glim'er, v.i., to gleam, to shine; to burn
or appear faintly :Pr.p. glimm'ering; Pa-P.
gUmm'ered.n. a faint light ; feeble rays oflight ;
in ml mica. [Ger. glimmer, a faint light,
mica, glimmen, to shine, to glow ; A.S. leoman,
to shine ; akin to Gleam.]
glimpse, glimps, ., a short gleam ; a weak light ;
transient lustre : a hurried view; fleeting enjoy
ment : the exhibition of a faint resemblance.
v.i. to appear by glimpses :Pr.p. glimpsing ;
pa.p* glimpsed'.
Glisten, glis'n, v.i., toglitter or sparkle with light ;
to shine ;pr.p. glistening (glis'ning) ; pa.p.
fate, far; me", her; mine;
Gloss
glistened (glis'nd). [oldE. glissen,A.S. glitenan,
giisnian ; Ger. gleissen, to shine ; akin to Gloss. J
glister. gUYter, v.i., to glisten; to glitter:pr.p.
glis'tering ; pa.p. glittered. [Dutch, glisten,
Ger. glitzern, to sparkle.]
glitter, glit'er, v.t'., to glisten, to sparkle with light :
to be splendid ; to be showy :j>r.p. glitt'enng ;
Pa.p. glitt'ercd.. lustre : brilliancy. [A.5.
glitian, Ice. glitra, to glisten.]
^tUting, g\it'6T~'\ng, adj., shining: splendid; bril
liant.adv. giitt eringly.
Gloat, glot, v.i.j to look with staring eyes; to stare
with admiration : to view with joy :pr.p. gload
ing ; Pa.p. gloat'ed. [Ger. glotzen, Dan. glotte,
to look.]
Globe, glob, a ball; a round body, a sphere:
the earth ; a sphere representing the earth (ter
restrial globe) or the heavens (celestial globe). [L.
globus glomus, a ball, conn, with Clew, Club.]
globate, glob'at, adj., like a globe; circular. [L.
globo, globatus, to form into a ballglobus.]
globose, glOb-os', globous, glOb'us, adj., globular.
globular, glob'u-lar, globuloua, glob'u-lus, adj.,
like a globe; spherical.adv. glob'ulorly.n.
globular'Uy.
globule, glob/fll, ., a little globe or round particle,
glome, glOm, n. in bo/., a globular head of flowers.
[L. glomus = globus, and conn, with Clump,
Lump.]
glomerate, glom'er-5t, v.t. to gather into a ball; to
collect into a spherical mass :pr.p. glom'erSt-
ing ; pa.p. glom crated.adj. growing in rounded
or massive forms ; conglomerate.
glomerotlon, glom-er-5'shun, ., act ofgathering
into a ball; a body formed into a ball.
Gloom, glOOm, sullenness or afrowning expres
sion ofcountenance; aspect of sorrow ; heaviness
of mind : cloudiness ; shade ; partial darkness.
v.i. to be sullen or dejected; to be cloudy or
obscure :pr.p. glooming ; pa.p. gloomed', [old
E. glome, gtombe, Scot gloum, to frown ; A.S.
glom, gloom ; Ger. glumm, gloomy, glupen, to
Took with a sullen countenance.]
gloomy, glOGm'i, adj., full of gloom ; heavy of
heart : dim or obscure ; dimly lighted.adv.
gloom ily.n. gloominess.
Glory, glO'ri, n. lit. rumour,fame; renown ; honour:
the occasion of praise ; an object of pride ; excel
lency : splendour; brightness; lustre: in B., the
presence of God ; the manifestation of God to
the blessed in heaven ; heaven.v.i. to boast ; to
be proud ofanything ; to exult :pr.p. glo'rying ;
Pa.p. glO'ried. [L. gloria, akin to clarus, from
root of clue, to be famed.] See Clear.
glorify, glO'ri-fT, v.t., to makeglorious ; to honour;
to exalt to glory or happiness : to ascribe honour
to, to worship :Prf. glO'rifying ; Pa.p. glO'ri-
fied.n. gloriflco'tion. [h. gloria,facio, to make.]
glorious, glo'ri-us, adj., full of glory; of exalted
excellence and splendour : conferring renown.
adv. gloriously.n. gloriousness. [L. gloriosus.}
Gloat, glos, n., brightness or lustre, as from a
polished surface : external show.v.t. to give a
superficial lustre to ; to render plausible ; to
palliate '.Pr.p. glossing ; Pa.p. glossed'. [Ice.
glossi, brightness, glossa, to sparkle.] See Gloss.
8loay> glosl, adj., smooth and shining; highly
polished.adv. glou'ily.n. gloes'lnecs.
Gloss, glos, n. a remark to explain a subject ; a
comment.v.i. to comment or make explanatory
remarks '.pr.p. gloss'ing ; Pa.p. glossed'. [L.
mOte ; mate ; mOOn j Men.
 glossary Gnostic
and Gr. glsssa, a word requiring explanation, the gula, and gurguiio, the throat : from the sound
tongue.] of swallowing.]
glossary, glos'ar-i, ft. a collection of words requiring glutton, glut'n, n., one who gluts himself: a carni
a gloss or explanation, [from Gr. glSssa.] vorous quadruped in northern regions, and once
gloms&rlal, glos-sa'ri-al, adj., relating to a glossary ; thought very voracious. [Fr. glouton, L. glutto
containing explanation. glutio.]
glossarlst, glos'ar-ist, n. , a writer ofa glossary. gluttonlsa, glut'n-Tz, v.i. to eat to excess, like a
glossography, glos-sog'raf-i, ., t/te writing ofgloss glutton :~~pr.p. glutt'onTsing;>*a./. gluttonTsed.
aries or comments.n. glossog rapher. adj. gluttony, glutn-i, ., act or practice of a glutton;
gloaaograph'ical. [Gr. gldssa, and graphs, to excess in eating.
write.] gluttonous, glut'n-us, gluttoniah, gltit'n-isli ,adj. rfivett
glossology, glos-sol'o-ji, a discourse on, or a to, or consisting in gluttony.adv. glutt onously.
definition of words and terms; the science of Gluten, &c- See under Glue.
language.. glossol'ogist.adj. glossolog'ical. Glycerfajt. Sec under Glucose.
[Gr. glossa, and logos, a discourse.]
gloze, gTflz, v.i., togloss or explain : to talk smoothly ; Glyph, glif, n. in arch., an ornamental sunken
channel or fluting, usually vertical. [Gr. glyphi
to flatter ; to wheedle.v. t. to palliate by specious g~fyPhd,
explanation :pr.p. gloz'ing glOzed . [A.S. glyphography,toglif-og'raf-i,
hollow out, carve.]
n. a process of taking a
glesan, to explain, from root of Glow.] raised copy of a drawing by electrotype.adj.
Glottis, glot'is, n. the opening of the larynx or glyphograph'lc. [Gr. glypho, to carve, to engrave,
entrance to the windpipe. [Gr. glSttisglSssa, anAgrafhi, drawinggraphs, to write.]
the tongue.] glyptic, ghp'tik, adj., pertaining to carving on
glottal, global, adj., pertaining to theglottis. stone, &c ; in min., figured.glyp'tlcs, n.sing.
Glove, gluv, n. , a coverfor the hand, with a sheath the art of engraving, esp. on precious stones.
for each finger.v.t. to cover with or as with a [Gr. glyptos, carved.]
glove ;fr.p. gloving : Pa.p. gloved'. [A.S. glyptography, glip-tog'raf-i, n., a description of the
glof; Scot, loo/, Ice. foofve, palm of the hand ; art ofglyptics or ofsculpture.adj. glyptograph'lc.
golof, to cover.] [Gr. glyptos, carved, and graphs, to write.]
glover, gluv'er, n., one who makes or sells gloves. Gnarl, narl, v.i., to snarl or growl:pr.p. gnarr*-
Glow, glfl, v.i., to shine with an intense heat: to ing; pa.p gnarled'. [A.S. gnyrran, to gnash,
feel great heat of body ; to be flushed : to feel from Ger. knurren, Dan. knurre, to growl ; hence,
the heat ofpassion ; to be ardent x^-pr.p. glow'ing ; the sound made by a body whirling rapidly,
Pa.p. glowed'.n. shining or white heat : unusual Sw. knorla, to twist, to curl : old E. gnarr, a
warmth : brightness of colour : vehemence of gnarled, hard knot in a tree.]
passion. [A.S. glowan, to glow, as a fire ; Ger. narld', adj., knotty, [old E. gnarr.]
glahen, akin to Ice. glut, Sw. gloa, to sparkle. ] Gnash, nash, v.t. to strike the teeth together in rage
glow-worm, glo'-wurm, n. the female of a certain or pain.v.i. to grind the teeth :pr.p. gnash
insect, which glows or shines in the dark. ing; Pa-P. gnashed', [old E. gnaste, Dan.
Glow. Sec under Glou, a remark. knaske, Ger. knirschen : from the sound.]
Glucose, glOD'kfls, n. the peculiar kind of sugar in causes Gnat, nat, n. a small winged stinging insect, which
the juice of fruits. [Gr. gluteus, sweet.] the part it stings to itch. [A.S. gnat;
glycerins, glis'cr-in, n. a colourless, viscid liquid Ger. gnatse, itchA.S. gnidan, to rub.]
ofa sweet taste. [Fr.Gr. glykeros =glukus.] Gnaw, naw, v. t. to bite so as to make a noise with
Glue, gloTJ, n, lit. that which draws together; a the teeth; to bite off by degrees: to bite in
sticky substance obtained by boiling to a jelly agony or rage.v.i. to use the teeth in biting:
pr.p. gnaw'ing ; pa.p. gnawed'. [A.S.gnagan,
the skins, hoofs, &c. of animals.v.t. to join Ger.
with glue ifir.p. glQ'ing ; Pa.p. glued'. [Fr, glu scratchnagen, akin to Gr. knaS, to scrape, to
: from the sound.]
L. glus, gtultsgluo, to draw together.}
gluey, gltst/i, adj., containingglue; sticky; viscous. Gneiss, nls, . in geol., a species of stratified rock
n. glu'eynesi. composed of quartz, felspar, and mica. [Ger.
gluten, glGotcn, n. lit. glue; the viscid, sticky gnetsgnatz, mangeA.S. gnidan, to rub;
substance seen in the dough of wheatcn bread. from its breaking off easily in scales or slabs.]
[h. gluten, the same as glus. ] gneissold, nis'oid, adj. having some of the character
glutlnate, glso'tin-at, v.t. to unite, as with glue : ofgmiss. [Gneiss, and Gr. eidos, form.]
Pr.p. glfftinilting ; pa.p. glQ'tinSted.n. glutina'- Gnome, nOm, n. lit. one that knows ; an imaginary
tion. [L. glutino, glutinatumgluten.]
glutlnatlve, gloo'tin-a-tiv, adj., having the quality being said to inhabit the inner parts of the earth
and to guard its treasures ; a dwarf or goblin.
ofgluing or cementing ; tenacious. [Fr.Gr. gnSmSngnSnai, to know.]
glutinous, gloTJ'tin-us, adj., gluey; tenacious: in gnomon, nO'mon, n., that which indicates; the
lot., covered, as a leaf, with slippery moisture. pin of a dial, whose shadow points to the hour ;
n. glu'tinouaness. the index of the hour-circle of a globe : in geom.,
Glume, gluom, the husk or floral covering of a parallelogram minus one of the parallelograms
grain and grasses. [L. gluma, hu&ltgluoo, to about its diagonal.
peel off bark.] gnomonic, nO-mon'ik, gnomonlcal, nO-mon'ik-al, adj.,
glumacflous, gloom-i'shus, adj., havingox consisting pertaining to the art of dialling.n.sing. gno-
ofglumes. mon'lcs, the art of dialling.adv. gnomon ically.
Glut, glut, v.t, to swallow greedily ; to gorge ; to Gnostic, nos'tik, n. one of a sect in the beginning of
feast to satiety :/r./. glutting; Pa.p. glutt'ed. the Christian era, who pretended that" they Had
n. that which is gorged ; more than enough : a true knowledge of religion.adj. pertaining to
anything that obstructs the passage. [L. glutio the Gnostics or their doctrines. [Gr. gnSstikos,
root glu, akin to Sans, gri, to devour, and L. good at knowinggignSskS, to know.]
fate, far ; mi, her ; mine ; mOte ; mute ; mODn ; then.
V 309
 Gnosticism goldylocks
idol
Gnosticism, nos'ti-sixm, n., the doctrines of the god, Ger. gott, Goth, : in B., often a ruler.firm, godd'en. [A.S.
Gnostics. gutft, Pers. khoda, God,
Gnu, nil, n. a kind of antelope in S. Africa, resem god-child, also a ruler.] god'-chlld, god-daughter, god'-daw-ter.
bling the horse and ox. [Hottentot, gnu.) See god-father,
Go, gO, v.i., toPassfront oneplace to another; to god-father,
be in motion ; to proceed ; to advance ; to walk ; baptism, engages to be itsfather inatrelation
god'-fa-Mer, n. a man who, a child's
to
to depart from : to lead in any direction : to ex God or its religious training.-fern, god'-mother.
tend : to tend : to be about to do : to pass in ns. god'-chlld, god'-danghter, god'-on.
report : to pass, as in payment ; to be accounted
in value : to happen in a particular way ; to turn Godhead, god'hed, . , state of being a god ; deity ;
divine nature. [God, and head A.S. had, state.]
out"; to fare:pr.p. gO'ing; pa.t. went; Pa~p. odless, god'les, adj. living without God; impious ;
gone (gon).Go about, in B., to set one's self atheistical.adv.
about ; to seek ; to endeavour : Oo beyond, in B. , odlike, godlik, adj.,godleaaly.n. godlessness.
to overreach: Go In to or unto, in />., to have odly, godli, adj., likelikeGod God; divine,
in character; pious :
sexual intercourse with. [A.S. ran, gangan; according to God's law.advs. godly, godlily.
Ger. gehrn,
i Sans, o ga, tn n !
to go.] n. god lines*. [God, and ly like.]
go-by, gO'-bl, n. a going by without Klaend, god'send,
goascna, n.ff.e something
somcuunj; sent by
iy God; , an
onI
unexpectedpiece 1 Rend
by artifice
go-cart, ; evasion,
g^o'-kart, ., a cart or contrivance for teach god-eon, " n, m,
god'-sun, .ofgood-fortune.
Sec r", *-v-[Cod, and Send.]
goer,inggO'er,
children to gowho
n., one or walk,
or that which goes: ahorse, god-speed, god sped, n, either a contr. of God speed
considered in reference to his gait, you, orgood speed oradv., success,
godward,
going, gO'ing, ., the act ofmoving; departure : in Ger. weard, L. versus, god'wawrd, toward God. [God, and
B., course of life, behaviour.going forth, n. in godwit. See under Good. sig. direction.]
B., an outlet : goings orgoings oat, n. in /.'., utmost good-bye, goodl>I, n. or int. either contracted from
extremity; departure or joumeyings. God be with ye, or from good and bye way or
go-to, go-to"0',n. int. in B., of
come now !going together journey; farewell, a form ofaddress at parting,
gang, gang, a number persons gospel, COspel, the word of God or good news
or associated for a certain purpose, usually in a or tidings; the Christian revelation; one of the
bad sense. [A.S.gangan.]
gang-board, gang'-bOrd, a, board or plank on religious four narratives of the life of Christ : a system of
which passengers may go or walk out ofa ship, truth. [A.S. Godspellfod, God, or
gangway, gangVa, n. a passage or way by which gossip, god, good, and spell, discourse, tidings.]
to go into or out of any place, esp. a ship ; naut. , gos'ip, n. orig. a sponsor, or one related
a narrow platform ofplanks along the upper part ance; in the service of God, then afamiliar acquaint*
of a ship's side. [A,S. gang, and meg, a way.] one who runs about telling and hearing
news: idle talk.v.i. to run about telling idle
L See under Gad. tales ; to talk much ; to chat :pr.p. gossiping ;
, gOl, n., the starting-post in a race, or thepole Pa.p. gossiped, [old E. gossib, godstbQoA, and
marking the end of the course : an end or aim. sib, peace, relationship, Scot, stb, related.]
[Fr. gaule, a pole ; VV. gwyal, a staff, a goal.] Goggles, goglr, .//., blinds for shying horses;
Goat, got, n. Ht. the goer or leaper; a quadruped spectacles, with projecting eye-tubes, [Scot.
of the sheep family, when wild inhabiting moun gogglts, blinds for horses;gogge, to blindfold.]
tainous regions, but often domesticated for its Going, Going forth, Going oat. See under Go.
flesh and milk. [A. S. gat; Ger. geissobs. and Goitre, Goiter, goi ter, n., a swollen throat; an en
prov. Ger.geissen = gehen, to go ; like Gr. aijt, a largement of one of the glands of the throat.
goatalsso,-herd,
goaf'-beard, to leap.]
goafI'-nw, -rCO, goatV-stonea, goltred, See Cretin. [Fr. goitreL. guttur, the throat.}
stOnz, goat''-thorn, -thorn, n. names of plants, goitered, gorterd, adj., affected withgoitre.
goat-moth, gOt'-moth, one of the largest ofBritish goitrous, Gold, gold,
goi'trus, adj., pertaining to goitre.
theyellow, bright metal ; one ofthe
moths, which has agoat-like odour, precious metals much used for coin : money,
goat-sucker, got'-suk-er, n. a kind of swallow erro riches : yellow, gold colour. [A.S.geaJew,
neously thought to suck goats.
Gobble, gobl, v.t. to swallow in lumps ; to swallow yellow, goldgulr,
W. gawl, light, splendour; Ice. gull,
yellow.]
hastily.v.i. to make a noise in the throat, as a golden, gold'n, adj., made ofgold; of the colour of
turkey:pr.p. gobbling; pa.p. gobbled', [vul gold; bright: most valuable: happy; highly
gargob, a mouthful, Fr. gobbe, a ball for swallow favourable.
lavourauic [A.S.
1 >. gyldengold.]
&j . onea . .whose. trade is to
ing, gober, to swallow: from the sound.]
gobbet, gob'et, ., a mouthful; a little lump. [Fr, gold-beater, beat gold'into
gOld'-bi't-er,
gold-leaf.n. gold'beating,
gobetGael, gob, the mouth, from the sound.]
Gobelin, gob'e-lin, n. a rich French tapestry, [from gold-dart, gold'-dust, n., gold in dust or very fine
Jehan Gobeelen, a Flemish dyer of 15th century.] goldfinch, particles, as it is sometimes found in rivers,
gdld'finsh, n. a singing-bird orfinch with
Goblet, goblet, n. a large drinking < up without a gold-coloured wings. [Gold, and Finch.]
handle. [Fr. gobelet, Sp. cubilete, Prov. cubel, gold-nan, gold'-fish, . a small gold-colouredfish,
cuba, a tubL. cupa, a cask. Sec Cup.] native to China, but kept in this country in glass-
Goblin, goblin, n., an evil spirit; a frightful phan gold-leaf, globes and ponds,n., gold beaten extremely thin,
gold'-leT,
tom ; a fairy. [Fr. goblin: low L. gobelinusGr.
kobalos, a mischievous spirit. Sec Cobalt.] or into leaves, and used for gilding,
Ooby, gOlji. . a genus of small sea-fishes, which goldsmith, goldsmith, ., a smith or (worker in
build nests of sea-weed. [L. gobius, Gr. kdbios.] gold andgGldl-Ioks, silver, n. a plant whhyellow flowers,
God, god, n., the ruler or sovereign of the universe, goldylocke,
the Supreme Being; an object of worship, an like lochs of hair, also called wood crowfoot.
fate, far ; me, her ; mine ; J
 Golf
Golf, golf, n. a game played with a club and ball, in
which he who drives the ball into a series of small
holes in the ground with fewest strokes is the
winner. [Dutch, kolf,Gex. kolbe, a club.] Sec dob.
Golosh, go-losh', n. a water-proof overshoe. [Fr.
galocheL. gallica, a Gallic shoe.]
Gondola, gon'do-Ia, m. a long, narrow pleasure-boat
used at Venice. [It, dim. ofFonda, of the same
meaning; low L. gandcia, a kind of boat ; Gr.
gondolier, agon-do-ler,
kondu, drinking-vessel,
., onesaidwhoto be a Pers.
rows word.]
a gondola.
Gone, gon, pastparticiple of Go,
Gong, gong, n. a round Chinese musical instrument
made of bronze, producing, when struck with a
wooden mallet, a loud harsh sound. [Malay
gong, probably from the sound.]
Gonorrhea, gon-or-r'a, n. an inflammatory dis
charge of mucus from the membrane of the
urethra. [Gr. gonorrhoiagoni, that which
begets, and rhei>t to flow.]
good, ad/.t pleasant, agreeable; having
qualities, whether physical or moral, desirable or
suitable to the end proposed : promoting success,
welfare, or happiness : virtuous ; pious : kind ;
benevolent : clever ; skilful : proper ; fit : com
petent ; sufficient : valid ; sound : serviceable ;
beneficial : real ; serious, as in good earnest :
not small, considerable, as in good deal; full,
complete, as measure: unblemished, honourable,
as in good nam* :comp. bett'er ; superl. beet
as good as, the same as, no less than. [A.S.
godf Ger. gut, Gr. agathosold Ger. getten, to
delight, Gr. getkeo, to rejoice.]
good, good, * that which promotes happiness, suc
cess, &c. :opposed to evil : prosperity ; welfare ;
advantage, temporal or spiritual : moral quali
ties ; virtue : in B.t possessions :in //. house
hold furniture ; movable property ; merchandise,
good, good, int. well ! right I
good, good, adv. (obs.) very, as in good ckeafi.
good-breeding, good-bred'ing, . polite manners
formed by a good breeding or education,
good-bye. See under God.
good-day, good-da', n.,%nt. & salutation at meeting
during the day, wishing good to any one.
Good-Friday, good-fri'da, rr. a fast, in memory of
our Lord's crucifixion, held on the Friday of
Passion-week.
good-humour, good-yOu/mur, a good or cheerful
temper, from the old idea that temper depended
on the humoursofthe body.adj. good-humoured.
odly, good1i, adj., good-like; good-looking ; fine;
excellent:comp. goodlier; superl. goodliest.
mildness good-nS'tur, n., naturalgoodness
of disposition.adj. * Jand
.-j, good'nes, n., state ofbeinggood; virtue ;
excellence ; benevolence,
good-night, good-nlr/, n.t int. a salutation in parting
for the night, wishing good to any one.
good-speed, good'-spd, n. a contraction of / wish
you good speed.
good-will, good-wil', benevolence; well-wishing :
the custom of any business or trade,
godwit, god'wit, n. a bird with a long bill and long
slender legs, that frequents marshes, [perh. from
A.S. god, good, and wiht, creature.]
Goodman, good-man', n. in B., the man or master
of the house. [A.S. gummann, guma, a man.]
fete, fir ; mS, her; mine ;
Gorse
gCOs, . lit the gaper; a web-footed animal
like a duck, but larger and stronger : a tailor's
smoothing-iron, from the likeness of the handle
to the neck of a goose : a stupid, silly person.
//. geese. [A.S. gos, Ice. gas, Gcr.gans, akin
to L. anser, Gr. chinGer. gaknen, Gr. chains,
to gape, to yawn,} Sec Gander,
gooee-graee, goTJs'-gras, n. a common creeping plant,
so called from being a favourite food of thegoose.
goose-quill, gOoV-kwil, n. one of the guilts or large
wing-feathers of a goose, much used as pens,
gooaery, g55s'er-i, n., aplace/or keeping gees*.
goshawk, gos'hawk, n. lit. goose-hawk; a short-
winged nawk, once used for hunting wild-geese
and other fowl. [A.S. gos, goose, ha/uc, hawk.]
gosling, gozTing, a tittle or young goose. [A.S.
gos, goose, ling, little.]
Gooseberry, gOOz'ber-ri, ., the berry or fruit of a
shrub of the same name, [corrupted from Ger.
kraus or krauselbeere, the rough berry, from
the hairs with which the fruit is covered.]
Gopher, gO'fer, adj. in />., lit. pitch; resinous, as
wood, such as nr. [Heb. gopher, pitch.]
Goreocs, gorTcok, n. the moor-cock or red grouse.
[gorgone, furze : or gor may be from its cry.]
Gorcrow, gorltrO, n. the gore or carrion crow.
[A.S. gor, gore, and Crow.]
Gordlan, gord'yan, adj. intricate; difficult, [the
Gordian knot was a knot tied by Gordius, king
ofPhrygia, so intricate that noone could untie it]
Gore, gOr, n., clotted blood; blood. [A.S. gor,
blood, dung, dirt ; akin to L. cruor, blood clotted
by cold, prob. akin to Gr. kruos, frost.]
gory, gOi^i, adj., covered with gore ; bloody.
Gore, gOr, n. a triangular piece let into a garment
to widen it ; a triangular piece of land.v.t. to
shape like or furnish with gores : to pierce with
anything pointed, as a spear ; to stab :pr*p.
goring ; Pa.p. gored'. [Scot, gore, gair, Ice.
geir, a gusset ; A.S.gar, a spear.]
Gorge, gorj, n. the throat ; anarrow passage among
hills: infort., the entrance to an outwork.v.t.
to swallowgreedily ; to glut*v.i. to feed 'Pr.p.
gorg'ing; pa.p. gorged'. [Fr.It. gorgo, L.
gurges, a whirlpool : from sound, like Gargle.]
gorget, gor'jet, n. a piece of armourfor the throat ;
a military ornament round the neck, [old Fr.
gorgette Fr. gorgerin, neck-armourgorge.]
gorgeous, gor'jus, adj. lit. decorated as with a
gorget; showy; splendid.adv. gorgeously.n.
gor'geouxnen. [old Fr. gprgias, beautifulgor-
gias, a ruff; Prov. gorgteus, neck-armour.]
Gorgon, gor'gun, n. lit. the grim one; a fabled
monster of so horrible an aspect that every one
who looked on it was turned to stone : anything
very ugly. [L. gorgonGr. gorgOgorgos, grim.]
gorgoo, gor'gun, gorgonean, gorgoiuan, gor-gO^u-an,
adj., like a gorgon ; very ugly or terrific.
Gorilla, gor-ira, n. the largest of the monkey tribe,
found on the west coast of tropical Africa.
Gormand, gormand, one who eats greedily, ft
glutton.adj. voracious ; gluttonous. [Fr. gour-
wand, a glutton, gourmet, a taster of wines ; Sp.
gormar, to vomit ; W. gorm, repletion.]
gormandise, gor'mand-Tz, v.i. to eat like a gor
mand : pr.p. gormandTsing ; Pa.p. gorf-
mandlsed.n. gor'maadUer.
gormandining, gor'mand-lz-ing, n. the act or habit
of eating like a gormand or voraciously.
Gorse, gors, n. a prickly shrub growing on t
mCte ; mute ; mCOn; Men.
 Gory Graft
Places, the furze or whin. [A.S. gorst, furze; Gown, gown, n. lit tkatwhich isstitched; awoman's
W. gores, gorest, waste, open.] upper garment ; a long loose robe worn by pro
Gory. See under Gore, clotted blood. fessional men. [W. gwngwnio, to stitch.]
Goshawk, Gosling. Sec under Goose. gowned, gownd, adj., dressed in a gown,
Gospel. See under God. gownman, gown'man, gownsman, gownz'man, n. one
Gossamer, gos'a-mer, n. lit. Cod-summer; very whose professional habit is a gown, as a divine
or lawyer, esp. a member of an Eng. university.
fine spider-threads which float in the air or form Grab, grab, (vulgar) v.t., to seizeor grasp suddenly :
webs on bushes in fine weather, [old E. gos
samer, so called from a legend that it is the ~~Pr.p. root as
grabb ing ; Pa.p. grabbed', [from same
Grip, Grasp, Grapple, &c. Ger. grrifen,
shreds of the Virgin Mary's shroud which she to seize, krappen, W. crap, a hook ; Sw. harpazo,
cast away when she was taken up to heaven.] Sans, grabh, to seize.]
Gossip. See under God. Grace, grSs, ., favour; mercy, pardon ; the un
Got, Gotten. See under Get.
Goth, goth, n. one of an ancient Germanic nation, deservedinfluence
kindness or forgiveness of God ; divine
; eternal life : what adorns and com
supposed to have come originally from Scandi
navia : a rude or uncivilised person, a barbarian. mendselegance;
to favour ; natural or acquired excellence ;
embellishment; a single beauty: a
[A.S. Geatas, L. Gothi, Gr. Go/Am, Goth. short prayer at meat : the title of a duke or an
Gutkans, the Goths.]
Oothic, goth'ik, adj. , belongingto the Goths or their desses in whom beauty was three
archbishop.pi. in myth., the sister-god
deified.v.t. to
language : denoting a style of architecture with mark with favour: to adorn :Pr.p. gracing;
high-pouited arches, clustered columns, &c.
othidae, goth'i-sTz, v.t., to make Gothic; to bring Pa.p. graced'. [Fr.L. gratia, favourgratus,
agreeable ; prob. akin to Gr. charts, grace.]
back to oarbarism.
Gothlcism, goth'i-sizm, ., a Gothic idiom or style graceful, grisiool, adj., full of or endowed with
grace or elegance ; elegant and easy.adv.
of building : rudeness of manners. grace'fully.n. grace fulneas.
Gouge, gOoj.orgouj, n. a chisel, with a hollow blade, graceless, graYIes, adj. , wanting grace or excel
for cutting grooves or holes.v.t. to scoop out, lence; depraved ; wicked.adv. grace'lesaly..
as with a gouge ; to force out, as the eye with the gracelessnesa,
thumb :Pr.p, gouging ;/a./, gouged'. [Fr., Sp. gracious, gra'shus, adj., abounding in graceorkind
gubia, low L. gubiaBasque, gubia, a hole.] ness ; benevolent : proceeding from divine favour :
Gourd, gflrd, or gCOrd, n. a large, fleshy, globular acceptable.adv. gra'cioualy.n. gra'ciousneai.
fruit ; the rind of a gourd used as a drinking- Grade, grid, ., a degree or step in rank or dignity;
cup : the gourd plant. [ Fr. cougourdeL. cu
curbitacu-curb, a reduplicated form akin to the degree of slope on a road. [Fr.L. gradus,
a stepgradi, to step, to go,]
corbis, a basket, curvus, bent] gradation, gra-da'shun, ., a rising step by step;
Gourmand, same as Gormand. progress from one degree or state to another ;
state of being arranged in ranks : in mus., a
Gont, gout, n. lit a drop; a disease of the joints, diatonic
esp. in the great toe. (Fr. goutteL. gutta, a succession of chords: in Paint., the
drop, because the disease was supposed to be gradual L.
blending oftints.adj. grada'tlonal. [Fr.
gradatio, a rising by steps;gradus.]
caused bya humoursettling on thejoints indrops.]
gouty, gout'i, adj., relating to gout ; diseased with gradationed,
tions or
gra-da'shund, adj.,formed by grada
stages.
or subject to gout.adv. gout lly.n. gout'lneat.]
Gout, gCO, ., taste; relish. [Fr.L. gustus, gradient, gr'di-ent, adj., gradually rising: rising
with a regular slope.n. the degree of slope on
taste ; akin to Gr. geud, to make to taste.] a road, &c. ; an incline. [L. gradiens, -entis,
Govern, guv'em, v.t., to move the head, as of a pr.p. ofgradi,
ship, to steer or pilot : to direct ; to control : to gradual, grad'Q-al,toadj., go.]
advancing by grades or
rule with authority : Ingram., to determine the degrees ; regular and slow.adv. grad ually.
mood, tense, or case of.v.i. to exercise autho gradual, grad'Q-al, grail, grS.1, n. a book of hymns
rity ; to administer the laws :Pr.p. governing ; and prayers, so called because the anthems
Pa.j>. gov'emed. [Fr. gouvemer, It governare, usually sung on the steps of the pulpit. were
L. guberno, Gr. kubernadkubi, head. ]
governable, guv'cm-a-bl, adj., that maybegoverned. graduate, grad'fl-ar, v.i., to pass by grades or
governaate, guv-er-nant', or guv*, n.,a lady who has degrees
receive a
: to pass through a university course and
degree.v.t. to advance by degrees ; to
the care of young ladies, a governess. [Fr. divide into regular intervals ; to mark with de
gouvernant. pr.p. ofgouvemer.]
governess, guv er-ncs, n. , a female who has charge grad'oated.n. one admittedgrad'QSting
grees : to proportion :pr.p. ; Pa.p.
to a degree in a
of the instruction ofyoung ladies, a tutoress, [old college, university, or society.n. graduation,
Fr. govemesseL. gubematrixguberno.] [low L. graduo, graduatumgradus.]
government, guv'ern-mcnt, n., act of governing; graduator, grad'u-a-tor, n. a mathematical instru
management; control: system of governing : the ment forgraduatingor dividing lines into regular
persons authorised to administer the laws : the intervals.
territory over which sovereign power extends : in gradus, gra'dus, n. a dictionary of Greek and Latin
gram., the power of one word in determining the prosody, [in full, gradus ad Parnassum, a
form ofanother. [ Fr. gouverrtementgouvemer.]
governmental, guv-ern-menral, adj., pertaining to step to Parnassus, the abode of the Muses, by
whose help alone poetry could be written.]
or sanctioned by government.
governor, guv'em-ur, n., one who governs ; one in Graff, ft. and v. in B. , old form of Graft.
vested with supreme authority : one who has the Graft, graft, v.t., to make an incision in a tree or
care of a young man ; a tutor ; in B., a pilotn. plant, and insert in it a small branch of another :
governorship. to insert in something anything not belonging
fate, far; me, her; mine; mote ; mute; mGOn; Men.
 Grail
to itv.i. to insert cuttings into a tree '.jh-.p.
grafting ; Pa.p. grafted.. graft'er. [orig. gran*
grafan, to carve, to dig : or from the .same
root through Fr. greffe, L. grapkium, a pointed
instrument]
Grail. Sec gradual under Grade.
Grain, grin, n, lit that which is eaten; the seeds
of certain plants which form the chief food of
man; a small hard seed : a minute particle ; a
very small quantity ; the smallest weight : the
arrangement ofthe particles ofanything, as stone.
[l^.granum, seed, prob. akin to gramen, grass,
akin to Sans, gras, to devour.] See Grui.
grained, grind, adj. rough, as if covered with
graifis.
granary, gran'ar-i, n., a storehouse for grain or
threshed corn. [L. granariagranum.]
gr&nlvorou, gran-iv^or-us, adj. , eatinggrain ; feed
ing on seeds. [L. granum, and voro, to eat.]
granule, gran'ul, n., a little grain. (Fr.]
granular, gran'Q-lar, granulary, gran'Q-lar-i, adj.,
consisting ofor like grains.adv. gran'olarly.
granulate, gran'u-l5t, v.i., to form or break into
grains or small masses ; to make rough on the
surface.V.i. to be formed into grains :pr.p.
gran'fllating ; pa.p. gran'ulated.adj. granular;
> Having the surface covered with small eleva
tions. [Fr. granuler, to form grainsgranule.]
granulation, gran-u-la'shun, n. , act offorming into
grains, esp. of metals by pouring them through
a sieve into water while hot.pi. the grain-luce
bodies which form in sores when healing.
graaulou, gran'Q-lus, adj., full of grains or par
ticles.
Grain. grSn, ., the growth or direction of growth
of the fibres of wood ; texture; dye of the tex
ture.v.t. to paint in imitation of wood :~~Pr.p.
rain'ing ; pa.p. grained'. [A.S. grenian, to
ecome green, to grow.]
gralner, grSn'cr, n., one whopaints in imitation of
the grain of wood.
GrallatorUl, gral'a-tSr-i-al, GraUatory, gral'a-tor-i,
adj., walking on stilts; of or relating to the
grallatores or wading birds, [low L. gralla-
toriusgrallae, stiltsgradi, to go, to walk.]
GramlneaJ, gra-min'e-al, Gramineous, gra-min'e-us,
adj., like or pertaining to grass; grassy. [L.
gramineusgranten, -inis, grass.] See Grata,
gramlnifollous, gram-in-i-fO'li-us, adj. bearing leaves
like grass. [L. gramen, andfolium, a leaf.]
graminivorous, gram-in-WO-rus, adj., feeding or
subsisting on grass and herbs. [L. gramen,
graminis, grass, voro, to eat greedily.]
Grammar, gram'ar, . lit the science ofletters; the
science which investigates the laws of language
and the art of using it correctly : a book which
teaches grammar ; any elementary work. [Fr.
grammaire; L. grammatica; Gt.grammatik?
(techni, Ait)gramma, a tettergraphs, to
write.]
grammarian, gram-ma'ri-an, ., one versed in, or
who teaches grammar. [Fr. grammairien.']
grammar-school, gram'ar-sk&ol, ft. a school in which
grammar is taught ; a school in which Latin and
Greek are taught,
grammatlc, graro-mat'ik, grammatical, gram-mat'ik-
al, adj., belonging to or according to the rules of
grammar. [Fr. grammatical; L. grammati-
cus ; Gr. grammatikos.)adv. grammat ically.
grammailcUe, gram-mar/i-slr, v.t., to make gram
matical.v.i. to act the grammarian '.pf-p.
grammat'ielsing; fa.p. grammat'icTscd.
fate, far ; me, her ; mine ;
Graphic
Orampui, gram'pus, ., a grand or large voracious
fish or cetaceous animal, common in the Arctic
seas, and on the British coasts, [prob. corrupted
from Fr. grand-Poisson, great fish.]
Granary. See under Grain.
Grand, grand, adj. lit. grown large' of great size,
extent, power, or dignity ; splendid ; illustrious ;
noble ; sublime ; chief: of the second degree of
parentage or descent, as grandfather, a father or
mother's father, grand'chlld, a son or daughter's
child ; so grand mother, grand'son, grand'-daughter,
&c.adv. grandly.n. grand'neai, [Ft. grand,
L. grandis ; perhaps akin to Grow, and Great.]
grandam, gran'dam, n., an old dame or woman ; a
grandmother.
grandee, gran-d\ n. a Spanish nobleman of the
grand or first rank; a man ofhigh rank or station.
[Sp. grande.}n. grandee ahip,
grandeur, grand'ur, n., state or quality of being"
grand; vastness ; splendour ofappearance : lofti
ness ofthought or deportment. [Fr., fromgrand.]
grandiloquent, gran-dil'o-kwent, adj., speaking
grandly or bombastically ; pompous.n. gran-
dli'oquence. [I,. grandis, and loquor, to speak.]
grandalre, grand'slr, n., a grand sire orfothcr;
any ancestor.
Grange, granj, n. lit. a granary ; a farmhouse witlf
its stables and other buildings. [Fr. grange,
barn ; low L. gramaL. granum, grain.]
Oranlte, gran'it, n. an igneous crystalline rock, com
posed of grains of quartz, feldspar, and mica*
and of a whitish, grayish, or reddish colour.
[It. granito, granite, grained'L.granum, grain.]
granitic, gran-itlk, adj., pertaining to, consisting
of, or like granite.
granltlform, gran-ir/i-form, granitoid, granl-toid,
adj., oftheform ofor resembling granite.
Granivorou. See under Grain.
Grant, grant, v.t. lit. either to promise or bind
one's self, or to alto7v; to bestow or give over ;
to give possession of: to admit as true what
is not yet proved ; to concede :Pr-P- grant'ing ;
/fl./.grant'ed. {o\dsZ. graunt; old br.graantert
craanter, creanter, to promise, as if from a low
L. credentoL. credo, to believe : it seems also
to be conn, with L. grains, pleasing, low L.
gratum, consent, granto, L. gratifcor, to do
something agreeable, to bestow agift, Yx.agriert
to allow.]
grant, grant, ., act of granting or bestowing:
that which is granted ; an allowance ; a gift ; a
transfer or conveyance by deed or writing,
grantee, grant-C, theperson to whom a grant,
gift, or conveyance, it made.
grantor, grant'or, ., the person by whom a grant
or conveyance is made.
Granular, Granulate, &c. See under Grain.
Grape, grip, n. , that which can be grasped; the
fruit of the vine, growing in clusters ; a single
berry : a mangy tumour on the legs of horses.
[Fr. grafpe ae raisins, bunch of raisins ; It.
grappo, a seizing, grappolo, a bunch of grapes ;
Dutch, krappe; W. grab, a cluster.] Sec Grab,
grapery, grapcr-i, n., a place where grapes are
grown.
grapethot) grap'shot, n., shot or small iron balls
cluttered or piled on circular plates round an
iron pin, and which scatter on being fired.
frapy, grap'i, adj. made of or likegrapes.
Graphic, grafik, Graphical, grafik-al, adj., pertain
ing to writing, describing, or delineating;
mOte ; mute ; mOTin ; then. 1X3
 Grapnel
picturesquely described. [L. graphicus ; Gr. gra
phikosgrdphd, to write.]adv. graphically,
fennel. See under Grapple.
Grapple, grapl, v.t., to gripet or seize ; to lay fast
hold of.v.i. to contend in close fight :pr.p.
grappling ; Pa.p. grappled, [dim. of Grab.]
grapnel, grap'nel, ., that -which grapples ; a small
anchor with several claws or arms. [Fr. grappin ;
old Fr. grappil; from root of Grapple.]
Grapy. See under Grape.
v.t, to grab or gripe; to seize and
ping with the fingers or arms ; to catch
at.v.i. to endeavour to seize ; to catch (followed
by at) vpr.p. grasping ; pa.p. grasped'.*,
gripe of the nana ; reach of the arms ; power of
seizure. [Ger. grappsen; old Ger. grappen,
grabben ; from root of Grab, Grapple.]
Grau, gras, n. lit. that which grows, or the thing
eaten ; common herbage ; an order of plants
with long, narrow leaves, and tubular stem,
including wheat, rye, oats, &cv.t. to cover
with grass '.Pr.p. grassing ; Pa.p. grassed'.
[A.S. gars, grars; Ice., Gr. gras; Scot, girs;
allied to L. gramen, grass : either from the root
of Grow, L. crtsco; or from Gr. grad, grains,
to gnaw, to eat, Sans, gras, to devour.]
gmabopper, grashoper, ., a hopping insect that
feeds on grass, allied to the locust,
grass-plot, graV-plot, n., a plot ofgrassy ground.
grasl, adj., covered with or resembling
grass _
aae, graz, v.t. to feed with grass; to feed on ; to
tend grazing cattle.v.i. to eat grass ; to supply
grass :pr7p. grazing ; /a./, grazed'. [A.S.
gmsian, from graes.]
tier, grft'zher, one who grazes or pastures
cattle and rears them for the market.
, gr5t, . lit a crate or lattice-work ; a frame
work composed of bars with interstices, esp. one
of iron' bars for holding coals while burning.
[It, grata, a grate, hurdle, latticefrom L.
crates, a hurdle.] See Crate,
ating, grat'ing, the bars 0/ a grate; a parti
tion or frame of bars.
rate, grat, v.i., to make a shrill harsh noise; to
creak or scrape : to rub bard so as to offend.
v.t. to rub so as to produce a harsh sound ; to
rub roughly ; to wear away with anything rough :
to offend by something harsh :fr.p. grat'ing ;
pa.p. grat'ed. [Yr-gratter; Dan. hratte; Ger.
Itratxen ; perhaps allied to L. rado, to scrape.]
grated, grat'ed, adj., having a grate or grating,
grater, grat'er, n. an instrument with a rough
surface for grating or rubbing down a body,
grating, grat'ing, adj., rubbing hard on the feelings';
harsh ; irritating.adv. gratingly.
Grateful, gritTool, adj.,fullofgrace orjoy ; causing
= ; acceptable ; delightful : thankful ; hav<
_ a due sense of benefits.adv. grate'fally.- _.
grate/falneM. [L. gratia, from grains, pleasing,
thankful, and Toll.] See Grace,
gratify, grari-fl, v.t., to do what is agreeable to ;
ase ; to soothe ; to indulge '.pr.p. grat'-
; Pa.p. gratified.n. gratlfier. [L. grati-
~~alus, and facia, to do.]
, grat-i-fi-ka'shun, ., act ofgratifying,
pleasing, or indulging : that which gratifies ;
delight. [L. gratifcatio.]
tratla, grS'tis, adv., bygrace or favour ; for nothing.
[L. contracted forgratiis, ablative//. atgratia,
favour, from grains.]
Cite, far ; vxc, her ; mine ;
**4
graywacke
gratitude, gratl-tud, ., slate of being grateful;
feeling of thankfulness, [low L. gratitude.]
gratuitous, gra-tul-tus, adj., done or given gratis,
or for nothing ; voluntary : without reason,
ground, or proof; adopted or asserted without
good ground.adv. gratu itously. [L. gratuitus
gratia, favourgratus.]
gratuity, gra-tul-ti, n., somethinggiven gratis; a
present ; an acknowledgment ofservice, generally
pecuniary, [low L. gratuitasgratus.]
gratulate, graffi-lat, v.t. to Congratulate,
gratolatlon, grat-G-la'shun, n. congratulation,
gratalatory, grat'u-la-tor-i, adj. congratulatory.
Grave, grSv, v.t., to carve, scratch, or scrape; to
cut; to engrave: to scrape and pitch a ship's
bottom.v.i. to engrave ipr.p. graving ; pa.p.
graVen, or graved'.n. a pit graved or dug out,
esp. one in which to bury the dead ; any place of
burial : fig. death ; destruction. [Fr.graver; A.S.
grafan; Dutch, graven; Ger. graben; allied
to Gr. graph*}, to grave, scratch : A. S. graef,
Dutch, graf Ger. grab, grave ; allied to Cam
and Grab. In the naut. sense, it may be con
nected with Greaves, the dregs of tallow.]
graver, graVer, ., an engraver; a tool for engrav
ing on hard substances,
graving, graving, *., act ofgraving ox cutting out
on hard substances : that which is graved- or cut
out ; carved work : act ofclcaninga ship's bottom.
Grave, grav, adj. lit. heavy; fig. weighty; of im
portance ; serious; not gay; sober; solemn: in
music, not acute ; low.<idv. grave ly., grave -
nets. [L. gravis; Sans, garu.]
gravid, gravid, adj., heavy, esp. as being with child;
pregnant. [L. gravidusgravis, heavy.]
gravity, gravl-ti, ., heaviness; the tendency of
matter to attract and be attracted, thus causing
weight : state of being grave or sober ; relative
importance : in music, lowncss of a note. [Fr.
graviti; L. graviiasgravis.]
gravitate, gravl-tat, v.i. to be acted on bygravity ;
to tend towards the earth :Pr.p. grav1.vltiling ;
pa.p. gravitated, [from L. gravis.]
gravitation, grav-i-ta'shun, ., act ofgravitating;
the tendency of all bodies to attract each other,
especially the earth.
Gravel, graVel, . small stones often intermixed
with sand : small collections of gravelly matter
in the kidneys or bladder.vd. to cover with
gravel ; to puzzle :~Pr.p. grav'elling ; Pa.p. grav'-
elled. [It. graveUa ; Fr. gravelle ; Fr. greve, a
sandy shore ; W. gro, pi. gravel, coarse sand.]
gravelly, grav'el-i, adj., consisting ofgravel.
Graver. Sec under Grave, v.t.
Gravid, Gravity, &c. Sec under Grave, adj.
Gravy, gravl, n. thejuices from meat while cooking,
[allied to Greaves, the dregs of tallow; perhaps
also to W. crau, gore, blood.]
Gray, gia, adj. of a white colour mixed with black :
ash-coloured ; white : fig. aged.k. agraycolour;
an animal of a grayish colour, as a horse, &c
[A.S. graeg; Ger. grau; Fr. grir; allied to Gr.
graus, an old man; L. ravus, tawny.]
graybeard, graTifird, fu, one with a gray t
hence, an old man.
grayish, gralsh, adj., somewhat gray.
grayling, grilling^ n. a silverygray fish ofthe s
family, but with a smaller mouth and teeth, and
larger scales,
graywacke, gri'wak-c, n. lit. gray rock ; a kind of
1 1, consisting of rounded pebbles and
mote ; mute ; mGOu ; thou
 Graze
and firmly united together. [Ger. grauwacke
gran, gray, and Wacke.]
Grata, to feed cattle. See under Grass.
Gnu, graz, v.t., to grate or Past lightly along
the surface :pr.p. grazing ; /a./, grazed'. [A.S.
grasian ; Ger. grasen ; from the root of L. rado,
rasus, to scrape. See Grate. J
Grazier. See under Gran.
Greaae, gres, n , soft thick animalfat ; oily matter
of any kind : an inflammation in tho heels of a
horse, marked by swelling, &c.v.t. (sometimes
pron. grez) to smear with grease pr.p. greas'-
mg ; /:/./. greased*. [Fr.graisse, from gras, fat ;
It. grasso; GaeL erris ; from L. crassus, gross,
thick, fat]
greasy, grt'zi, or greVi, adj. , ofor likegrease or oil :
smeared with grease ; smooth ; fatadv. greaa -
Gnat, grit, adj., grown ; grandl large ; enormous :
expanded : numerous : long continued : superior ;
distinguished ; highly gifted ; noble ; mighty ;
of" high
' rank; chief;* proud ; rich :
weighty : indicating one degree more remote in
the direct line of descent, as great-grandfather,
great-grandson.adv. great'ly-. greatness.
[A.S. ; Dutch,groot; old S.groot,grandig; Ger.
gross ; allied to Grand, Qrois, Grow ; L. crassus.]
greatcoat, gratlcOt, n. an over-coat,
great-hearted, grat'-hart-ed, adj. having a great or
noble heart; high-spirited; noble.
GraavM, grevz, ft.//, the sediment of melted tallow.
[old Fr. graves ; Ger. griebt.\
Greaves, grevz, n.pl. ancient armourer the legs, of
leather, &c. [old Fr.greves, fromgreve, the shin-
bone.]
Grebe, grcb, . an aquatic bird, having a long, coni
cal beak, short wings, and no tail. [Fr. gribe;
W. crib, crest, one species having a crest]
Grecian, gre'shan, adj., pertaining to Greece.n. a
native of Greece ; one well versed in the Greek
language and literature : in B., a Jew who spoke
Greek. [A.S. and Fr. Grec; L. Graecus; Gr.
graikos.]
Gredse, grc'sTz, v.t., to make Grecian; to translate
into Greek.v.i. to speak Greek:/r./. Gre*-
cUing ; pa.p. Grf'cTsed.
Orecism, gresizm, ., an idiom, of the Greek lan
guage. _ Ice. grey, a dog, and Hound. ]
Greek, gr5k, adj., Grecian.n. a Grecian ; the lan
guage ofGreece : in B., a Greek by race, or more
frequently a Gentile as opposed to a Jew.
Oreek-lire, greV-flr, n. a combustible substance
inextinguishable by water, used by the Greeks of
the Byzantine empire against the Saracens.
Greedy, gred'i, adj., lit crying/orfood; having a
voracious appetite: covetous.adv. greedily.
t:. greed'lneei. [A.S. greediggradan, to cry;
Dutch, gretig; Goth, gredags, hungry; Scot
greet, to cry, greed, greediness.]
Greek. See under Grecian.
Green, gren, adj. of the colour of growing plants ;
growing; vigorous; new; unripe : inexperienced ;
young.n. the colour of growing plants ; a small
green or grassy platpi. fresh leaves ; wreaths ;
the leaves ofgreen vegetables for food, &c [A. S.
grene; Ger. grin ; Dutch, groengroeyen, to
grow ; Ice. grinngrda, to grow ; allied to
Grow.]. (reen'neu.
green-cloth, gre"n'-kloth, n. a court for regulating the
affairs of the royal household, and which, has
fate, far; me, her; mine ;
grievously
power to punish offenders within the palace, and
200 yds. oeyond the gates, so called from the
green cloth on the table round which it sits,
green-crop, gren'-krop, n. a crop ofgreen vegetables,
ises, turnips, &c used on a farm in their
state.
fren'gaj, n. a green and very sweet
the plum.
green-grocer, gren'-grO-ser, n. agrocer or dealer who
retails greens, or fresh vegetables and fruits.
greenhouse, grfinnous, n. a house to shelter tender
plants from the cold weather.
greenish, grcn'ish, adj., somewhatgreen.. green'-
Uhness.
green-room, grcn'-rtJOm, n. the ntiiine-room of
actors in a theatre which originally had the walls
coloured green.
\ gren'sand, . a sandstone, in whichgreen
of iron occur.
, gren'stCn, n. a variety of trap-roc* of a
green colour.
Greet, grfit, v.t. lit. to go to meet; to salute or
address with kind wishes ; to send kind wishes to ;
to congratulate.v.i, to meet and salute \pr.p.
greeting ; pa.p. greet/ed. [A.S. gretan, to go to
meet ; Dutch, groeten, Ger. grussen, to salute ;
from Ice* grid, peace, or pern. conn, with Cry.}
greeting, grct'ing, n, expression ofkindness or joy ;
salutation.
Gregarious, grS-ga'ri-us, adj. associating or living
inflocks or herds.adv. gregariously.n. grega -
riouxneo. [L. gregariusgrex, gregis, a flock.]
Gregorian, gre-gC'ri-an, adj., belonging to or estab
lished by Pope Gregory (16th. century), as the
calendar.
Grenade, grS-nad', n. a small shell of iron or glass,
filled with powder and bits of iron, and thrown
from the hand, so called from its resembling a
pomegranate. [Fr., Sp. granada; L. gratiaturn,
a pomegranategranutn, a grain.]
grenadier, gren-a-der. n. ong. a soldier who threw
grenades; a member of the first company of
every battalion of foot
Grew, grOT, past tense of Grow.
Grey, grS, same as Gray.
Greyhound, graliound, . a swift hunting hound, of
:onn, great length of limb and muzzle,
slender form
and great kikeenness of sight. [A.S. grighund
Griddle, grid!, n. a broad shallow circular pan for
baking cakes. [Scot, girdle; W. greidytt
greidw, to scorch or singe ; Gael, greidil; Sw.
gradda, to roast, bake.]
gridiron, grid'T-ern, n. a grated iron or frame of bars
for broiling flesh or fish over the fire.
Grief, grf, n., heaviness of heart ; pain of mind;
sorrow ; regret ; mourning : cause of sorrow ;
affliction : in B.t bodily as well as mental pain.
[Fr. griefgrever, to burden; L. gravo, to
grievegravis, heavy.]
grieve, grev, v.t., to cause grief or pain of mind
to; to make sorrowful; to vex: in B., also, to
inflict bodily pain.v.i. to feel grief; to mourn :
Pr.p. grieving ; Pa.p. grieved .
grievance, grivans, m., cause of grief; burden ;
hardship ; injury ; grief,
grievous, greVus, adj., causing or full of grief;
burdensome : painful ; heinous ; atrocious ; hurt
ful.>;. griev'oaneu.
grievously, greVus-li, adv., in a grievous manner ;
in B., severely.
route ;
 Griffin Grope
_, grif'in, Griffon, grif'un," *. an imaginary krospelekrffspelen, to crunch ; prob. formed
animal, with the body and legs of a lion, and the from the sound of crunching.]
crookedbeak and wings of an eagle. [Fr. griffon; gristly, gris'li, adj., consisting of or like gristle.
L. and Gr. grypsGr. gryPos, hook-nosed.] n. grisflineea.
Griff, grig, n. a small lively eel, the sand-eel. Grit,
[prov. E. grig, a cricket : from its wriggling the coarse.,partgrit, that which is ground or grated;
of meal ; gravel ; a kind of hard
motion. ] sandstone : in pi. oats coarsely ground, groats.
Grill, gril, v.t. to broil on a gridiron ; to torment : [A.S. great, grytt;
Pr.p. grill'ing ; pa.p. grilled'. [Fr. grilUrgril, gravel ; Gcr. grutze ;Dutch, grut, groats, gries,
Swiss, gritzen, to crunch ;
a gridiron ; h. craticula, dim. of crates, a grate. " from root of Grate, Grind.]
Grim, grim, adj. lit. grinding Ike teeth; of for gritty, grit'i, adj., consisting of, or having grits or
biddingaspect; ferocious; ghastly; sullen.adv. hard particles.n. gritt'lneei.
grimly.n. grtm'neu. [A.S. grim, grimm ; Ger. groats, grawts, v.pi. the grain of oats deprived of
grimmiggrimm, fury ; W. grcm, murmuring, the husks. [A.S. grut, meal of wheat or barley.)
grinding the teeth.] groat, grout, ., coarse meal: the sediment ofliquor;
grimace, gri-mas', n., a grim look; a distortion of lees : a thin coarse mortar ; a fine plaster for
the face, in jest, &c. ; a smirk. [Fr.] finishing ceilings. [A.S. grut, meal, wort, or
grimaced, gri-masd', adj., withagrimace; distorted. new ale ; Dutch, gruyte, dregs.]
Grimalkin, gri-maTkin, *. lit a gray malkin; an Grizzle, grizl, n. a. gray colour. [Fr. gris, gray.]
otd cat. [Gray, and malkin, a dirty drab, a grizzled, griz'ld, adj., gray, or mixed with gray,
corruption of Moll or Mary.] grizzly, grizli, adj., ofa gray colour.
Grime, grim, n., dirt, mud; ingrained dirtv.t. to ^ron, grim, v.i., to utter a moaning sound in
soil deeply '.Pr.p. grlm'ing ; grimed'. [It. distress ; fig., to be afflicted 'pr.p. groan'ing ;
gromma, crust; Ice. grom, inveterate dirt; W. Pa.p. groaned'.n. a deep moaning sound as of
grima, a spot ; Scot, grummet, mud, dregs.] distress ; a sound of disapprobation. [A.S.
grimy, grlm'i, adj. , full ofgrime; foul. granan; Scot, grant; Dutch, groonen; W.
Grin, grin, v.i. lit. to grind the teeth; to set the roaning, grwnan: formed from the sound.]
teeth together and withdraw the lips.v.t. to ex grOn'ing, ., act of groaning; a deep-
press by grinning :pr.p. grinn'ing ; Pa.p. Groat, moan as of pain ; any low rumbling sound.
grinned'.n. act of grinning. [A.S. grinntan; grawt, n. an old English coin = 41I. [Dutch,
Ice. grina ; Gcr. greinen; Dutch, grijnen, to groot ; allied to Ger. groschengross, great ;
grumble ; Fr. grogner, to growl ; grtneer, to from root of Great : so named because when first
gnash the teeth; It. digrignare ; allied to L. coined by Edward III. it was the greatest silver
ringer, to snarl.] coin, the only other being the silver penny.]
Grind, grind, v.t., to grate to powder, as between Groats. See under Grit.
the teeth; to wear down or sharpen by rubbing ; Grocer, Grocery. See under Gross.
to rub together ; to oppress.v. i. to be moved Grog, grog, n. a mixture of spirit and cold water,
or rubbed together:-^./*, grinding; pa.t. and [derived from ' Old Grog,' a nickname, given by
Pa.p. ground. [A.S. grindan; Dutch, grimmen, the sailors to Admiral Vernon, who first intro
to gnash the teeth, to grind ; allied to Grin.]
grinder, grlnd'cr, ., he or that which grinds; a aduced it, because he used in bad weather to wear
Grogram cloak.]
double or jaw tooth that grinds food, Grogram, grog'ram, n. a kind of cloth made of silk
grinding, grlnd'ing, n. act of reducing to powder,
grindstone, grind'stOn, n. a_ circular revolving stone and mohair, of a coarse grain or texture, [old
Fr. gros'grain, of a coarse grain or texture.]i
forgrinding or sharpening tools. Groin, groin, n. the part of the body, just where
Gripe, grip, v.t., to grab or grasp with the hand; the legs begin to divide: in arch., the angular
to seize and hold fast : to squeeze ; to give pain to curve formed by the crossing of two arches. [Ice.
the bowels.v. i. to seize by griping ; to feel grip grein, division, branchgreina, to divide ; Sw.
ing pains in the bowels ; to get money by hard gren, branch, space between the legs ; Scot.
bargains^:Pr.p. griping; Pa.p. griped'. [A.S. grain, grane, the branch of a tree or river.]
gripan; Ice. gripa; Gcr. greifen; Dutch, groined, groind, adj., having groins or angular
gnjpen : allied to Grab.] curves made by the intersection of two arches.
gripe, grip, pip, grip, ., grasp or firm hold with Groom, grtSorn, n. lit. a youth or man; one who has
the hand, &c. : oppression ; pinching distress. the charge of horses ; a title of several officers of
PI. severe pains in the bowels, the Royal Household: a bridegroom.v.t. to
griplngly, grlp'ing-li, adv., in a griping or oppres tend, as a horse '.pr.p. grODm'ing ; Pa.p.
sive manner. grTOmed'. [Dutch, grom, a boy or youth ; A.S.
Grieette, gri-zct', n. a gay young French woman of and Goth, gunta, a man ; perhaps allied to L.
the lower class. [Fr. grisette, a gray gown, homo, a man.]
which used to be worn by grisettesgrts, gray.] Groove, grOOv, . that which is graven, or hollowed
Grisled, griz'ld, same as grizzled. out ; a furrow, or long hollow.v.t. to grave or
Grisly, griz^i, adj., frightful; hideous. [A.S. cuta goovc, or furrow in '.pr.p. grOoVing ; Pa.p.
grislic; agrisan, to dread ; Ger. gr&sslich; grtRJved'. [A.S. grof grafgrafan, to dig;
griesebt, to shudder.] Ger. a..v
grubegraben,
xruven, iuto Ulg
dig ; ML
Dutch, groove, a
Orurt, grist, n. lit. a grinding; corn for grinding furrow, pit ; from root of Grave.]
at one time; supply; profit [A.S. grist, gertt, Gwpe grop, v.i. orig. to gripe or feel with ike
a grinding ; prob. from root of Grind,] to Search or attempt to find something,
Griitle, grisl, n. a soft, clastic substance in animal as if blind or m the dark.v.t. to search by
feeling as m the dark -.-pr.p. groping ; /./
bodies, also called cartilage. [A.S. gristel; old grpped'.
Gcr. krustila, krospel; Fries, grussel; Swiss, Gripe.] [A.S. gropian, grapian ; allied to GraS,'
216 fite, far; me, her; mine; mote; mute; mOon; then.
 gropingly
gropingly, groplng-li, adv., in a groping manner.
Ml mlml. same as Growbeak.,
Gross, gros, adj., solid,fat ; coarse : rough : great :
palpable : whole ; coarse in mind ; stupid ; sensual ;
obscene.n. the main bulk ; the whole taken to
gether : agreat hundred, i.e. twelve dozen.adv.
grossly.n. grou'nui. [Fr.gros; ]owl*grossus
L. crassus.]
grossbeak, groYbCk, n. a genus of birds with a
thick strong convex beak. [Groat, and Beak, j
grocer, groVcr, n. orig. one who sells by the gross
or wholesale; a dealer in tea, sugar, &c. [formerly
grosser, Fr. grossier; from root of Grow.]
grocery, gr6s'cr-i, n., things sold by grocers.
Grot, grot, Grotto, grot'O, n., a crypt, or subter
ranean cavern. [Fr. grotte; A.S. grut; old
Fr. crota; corruption from Crypt,]
grotesque, grO-tesk', adj.,grotto-like; extravagantly
formed ; ludicrous.n. in art, extravagant orna
ment, containing animals, plants, &c. not really
existing.adv. grotesque ly.n. grotcsque'nesa.
[Fr. grotesqueGrotto.]
Ground, ground, Pa.t. and pa.p. of Grind.
Ground, ground, n. the surface of the earth ; a
portion of the earth's surface ; land ; field ; the
Boor, &c. : position ; field or place of action : that
on which something is raised, lit. or fig. ; founda
tion ; reason : in art, the surface on which the
figures are represented.in pi. sediment at the
bottom of liquors, dregs. [A.S. and Ger. grund;
Goth, grunaus; Gael, grunnd.]
ground, ground, v.i., to put on the ground: to fix
on a foundation, or principle ; to instruct in first
principles.v.i. to strike the bottom, and remain
fixed \~pr.p. ground'ing ; Pa.p. ground'ed.
groundage, ground'aj, n. the tax paid by a ship for
the ground or space occupied while m port.
ground-floor, ground'-flOr, . the floor of a house,
on a level with the street or exterior ground.
ground-Ivy, ground'-I-vi, n. a plant which creeps
along the ground, like ivy.
groundless, groundles, adj., without ground,
foundation, or reason.adv. ground!essly.n.
groundlessness.
groundling, groundling, n. a small fish, having
a spine under each eye, and which keeps near
the ground
ground nut, ground'-nut, n. a term applied to the
fruit of some plants and the root of others found
in the ground.
ground plot, ground'-plot, n. the plot of ground on
which a building stands,
ground-rant, ground'-rent, ., rent paid to a land
lord for liberty to build on his ground.
groundsel, ground'sel, n. an annual plant, about a
foot high, with small yellow flowers. [A.S.
grundswtligcgrund, ground, and swelgan, to
swell, because the ground swells with it, that is,
it grows everywhere.]
ground-swell, ground'-swcl, n. a broad, deep swell
or undulation of the ocean, after a severe storm,
groundwork, ground'wurk, . the work which forms
the groundor foundation of anything ; the basis ;
the essential part ; the first principle.
Group, gro"Op, ., a bunch or cluster; a number of
persons or things together : in art, an assemblage
of persons, animals, or things, forming a whole.
v.t. to form into a group or groups :pr. p.
grouping; Pa.p. grouped'. [Fr. groube; It.
groppo, a bunch, knot ; W. crzvb, a roundhunch,
a bunch ; A.S. crop, top : allied to Crop.]
file, far ; me, her ; mine :
Grumble
grouping, groTJp'ing, n. in art, the act of disposing
and arranging figures or objects in groups.
Grouse, grous, n. a genus of birds having a short
curved bill, shortTeg^s and feathered feet, which,
frequent moors and hills covered with gorse. [per
haps allied to Gorse ; W. grug-iar, heath-hen.]
Grout. See under Grit.
Grove, grflv, n. lit. a place groovedor cut out among
trees ; a collection of trees, or wood of small
size ; an avenue of trees. [A.S. graef groue, a
grovegrafan, to dig.] See Grave, Groove.
Grovel, grov'el, v.i., to grope about on ike ground;
to crawl on the earth : to be mean :prTp. grov
elling; Pa.p. giWelled.. grov'eller. [Ger.
krabbeIn, to crawl; Dan. kravle, to crawl up;
Sw. krafla, to creep; Ice. grufla, to grovel.]
See Grab, Grope.
Grow, grO, v.i. to become enlarged by a natural
process ; to advance towards maturity ; to in
crease in size ; to take a form while increasing ;
to develop ; to become greater in any way ; to
extend ; to improve ; to pass from one state to
another; to become.v.t. to cause to grow ; to
cultivate:^./, growing; pa.t. grew (grooj ;
Pa.p. grown.n. grower. [A.S.growan; Dutch,
groeyen; Svr.gro; Icc.groa; the root is seen in
L. cresco, to grow, creo, Dan. and Scot, gar, Gr
kraino, to make.]
growth, groth, ., act or process of growing;
gradual increase ; progress ; development : that
which has grown ; product.
Growl, growl, v.i., to utter a murmuring, snarling
sound, like a dog; to grumble surlily.v.t. to
express by growling \pr.p. growling; pa.p.
growled'.if. growler. [Ger. grollen, to be
angry, to roar ; Norw. gryla, to grunt, growl ;.
Fr. grouiller, to rumble ; allied to Gr. grullixS,
to grunt, grulos, a pig : from the sound.]
growl, growl, ., a murmuring, snarling sound, as
of a cross dog.
Growth. Sec under Grow.
Grub, grub, v.i., to dig in the dirt : to be occupied
meanly.v.t. to dig or root out of ihc ground
(generally followed by up) :pr.p. grubbing ;
Pa.p. grubbed'. [Ger. grdbeln, to pick, grube, a
pit ; allied to Grab and Grave.]
grab, grub, n. the larva of the beetle, moth, &c. so
called because it digs into plants.
grubber, grub'er, n.t he or that which grubs; an
instrument for digging up the roots of trees, &c.
Grudge, gruj, v.i., to grumble or murmur; to
shew discontent.v.t. to murmur at; to look
upon with envy ; to give or take unwillingly :
Pr.p. grudging ; Pa.p. grudged'.*. secret
enmity or envy ; an old cause of quarrel, [old
E. gruiche.grutche ; old Fr. groucher, groucer^
grounce; Gr. gruzb, to murmur, to say gru.]
grudgingly, gruj'ing-li, adv., in a grudging or re
luctant manner; unwillingly.
Gruel, groo'el, n. a thin food, made by boiling;
groats or oatmeal in water, [old Fr. gruel; Fr.
gruau, groats ; Norw. grant, Dan. grod, por
ridge. See groats under Grit.]
Gruff, gruf, adj. , hoarse; rough, stern in manner ;
churlish.adv. gruffly.n. gruff neer [Sw. and
Dutch, grof; Ger. grob, large, coarse ; Grisons,
gruffiar, to snore ; prob. formed in imitation of a
hoarse sound.]
rumble, grum'bl, v.i., to murmur with discon
tent ; to growl; to rumble \pr.p. grumoling ;
mote ; mute ; moon ; Men.
7
 Grume Guise
$a.p. grum'blcd.. grumltfer.adv. gram'bl- guess, ges, n. judgment or opinion '
ingly. [low Ger. grammein ; Ft. grammeler; cient evidence or grounds.
W. grymial; grwm, a. murmur: from the guess-work, ges'-wurk, ., work done by guess.
sound.]
rome, groTJm, n. a thick consistence of fluid ; a Chun, gest, n. lit a stranger, or one to be enter
tained; a visitor received and entertained. [A.S.
clot as of blood, [old Fr. grume; Fr. grumeau; gest, gaest; Ger. gast ; perhaps allied to L.
L. grumus, a little heap,
grunioua, groUm'us, adj., likegrume; thick ; clotted. /tostis,
or guest.]
stranger, enemy, hospes, hospitis, a host
Grant, grunt, v.i., to make a sound like a fig: gueat-chamber, gest'-cham-ber, n. in />., a chamber
Pr.p. grunting; pa,p. grunt/ed.n. a short, gut or, room for the accommodation ofguests.
tural sound, as of a hog.n. grunt er. [from the Quids, gld, v.t., to point out; to lead or direct ; to
sound.] See Grudge. regulate ; to influence :~Pr.p. guid ing ; pa.p
Gualacum, gwa'va-kum, n. a genus of trees in the guid'ed.n. he who or that which guides; one
W. Indies, that yield a greenish resin used in who directs another in his course of life. [Fr.
medicine. [Sp. guayaco, from a Haytian word.] guider ; Sp. guiar; allied
Guano, gwa'no, n. the dung of certain sea-fowl, weisen, to shew ; and perhapstotoAS. wisan, Ger.
L. video, to see. ]
found on certain coasts and islands, esp. about S. aldance, gid'ans, act of guiding; direction ;
America, much used for manure. [Sp. guano government.
or huano, from Peruvian huartu, dung.] guide post, gid'-pOst, a Post erected at a road
Guarantee, gar-an-te', n., a warrant or surety; side, to guide the traveller.
a contract to see performed what another has Guild, gild, ft. orig. an association in a town where
undertaken : the person who makes such a con Payment was made for mutual support and pro
tract.v.t. to undertake that another shall per tection ; an association of men, for mutual aid ;
form certain engagements ; to make sure :pr-/>.
guaranteeing; Pa.p. guaranteed'. [Ft.garantie, toa corporation. [A.sl gild, geld, money, gildan,
pay.]n. guild hail, the hall ofa guild.
old Fr. guarantie ; Ft. garantir, to warrant Guile, glL n., wiletjugglery; cunning ; deceit, [old
garant, warrant : from root ofWarrant.] Fr- guiile, deceit ; low Dutch, gigeln, to deceive
Guard, gard, v.t., to ward, watek, or take care of; by
to protect from danger.v.i. to watch ; to be guileful, gll'fool,; connected
jugglery with Wile ]
adj.,fullofguile; crafty ; deceit
wary :fr.p. guard ing ; Pa.p. guard'ed.. ful.adv. guile'fully.n. guile fulness,
that which guards from danger : a man or body
ofmen stationed to protect ; one who has charge guileless,
guile
gllles, adj., withoutguile; artless.adv.
lessly.n. gulle'lessness.
of a coach or railway-train : state of caution :
posture of defence : part of the hilt of a sword : gull,inggulf v.t., to beguile; to deceive: "Pr.p. gull
;Pa.p. gulled'.n. atrick : oneeasilycheated,
a watch-chain. [Fr. garder, old Fr. guarder: [old Fr.guiler, todeceive ; old Sw.gylla; Dutch,
from root of Ward.] kullen ; or from the stupidity of the bird. See
guarded, girded, adj., wary; cautious: uttered Gull, a sea-fowL]
with caution.--ad:: guard edly.n. gusrd'edneu.
guardian, gard'yan, n.f one who guards, or takes gullible, gull-bl, adj., easily gulled or deceived.
n. guUibU'lty.
care of; in law, one who has the care of an Guillemot, gille-mot, n. a genus of marine birds
orphan minor.n. guard'Unship, having a pointed bill, and very short tail. [Fr. :
guard-room, gard'-rOOm, ., a room for the accom W. chwilawg, whirling about.]
modation ofguards.
guard-ahlp, gfird'-ship, n. a ship of war that guards Guillotine, gtt'0-ten, n. an instrument for beheading
or superintends marine affairs in a harbour, &c. sharp heavy axean descends
consisting of upright frame down which a
on the neck of the
and receives impressed seamen.
Guava, gwa'va, v. a genus of trees and shrubs, tion, and named afterduring
victimintroduced the French Revolu
GuUlotin, a physician, who
of tropical America, with yellow, pear-shaped first proposed its adoption.v.t., to behead with,
fruit which is made into jelly. [Sp. guayaoa; the guillotine.
Fr. guayave.] Guilt, gilt, m. lit. the fine Paid for an offence ;
Gudgeon, guj'un, n. a small fresh-water fish, allied punishable conduct ; the state of having broken
to the carp, easily caughthence, any one easily a law; crime. [AS. gyItgildan, to pay,
cheated. [Fr. goujon; Sp. and L, gobio ; Gr. atone ; Ger. gUlte, impost ; Dan. gield, debt] to
kdbios.]
Guelder-rose, gel'der-rCz, m. a tree with large white guiltless, giltles, adj., without guilt; innocent.
adv. guiltlessly.n. guiltlessness,
ball-shaped flowers, [so called from Gueldres in guilty, giltl, adj., justly chargeable with guilt;
Hollandalso called snowJall-tree.] wicked.-guilty of; sometimes in B., deserving.
Guerdon, ger'dun, ., a reward or recompense, [A.S. gyltig.\adv. guiltily.. guiltiness.
[old Fr. guerredon; It. guiderdone; low L.
widerdonum, corr. from old Ger. widarlon, A.S. Guinea, = ais.,
ginl, n. an Eng. gold coin, no longer used
so called because first made of gold
widherleanwidker, against, lean, reward.] brought from Guinea, in Africa.
Guerrilla, ger-ril'a, n. lit. Petty war; a mode of Guinea-fowl, gin'i-fowl, Guinea-hen, ginl-hen, n. a
harassing an army by small bands ; a member of
such a band. [Sp. guerrilla, dim. otguerra, Fr. fowl like the turkey, of a dark-gray colour, with
white spots, originally from Guinea, in Africa.
guerre, war.] See War.
Gums, pes, v.t. lit, to get or discover ; to form an Guinea-pig,
like
ginl-pig, n. a small Brazilian animal,
the pig and a rabbit [prob. a mistake for
opinion on uncertain knowledge.v.i. to judge Guiana-pig.\
on uncertain knowledge ; to conjecture rightly :
Pr.p. guessing ; pa.p. guessed . [old . gess ; Guise, glz, way, manner; external appearance ;
Dutch, ghissen, to estimate ; Ice. gtska, for dress; wisan;
behaviour. [Fr. guise; E. Wise; AS.
Ger. weise; W. gwis; Bret giz, conn,
, allied to geta, to get, think, E. Get.] with Golds.]
218 fate, far; me, her; mine; mote ; mate ; mODn ; Men.
 guiaer
t, R~i/r, h. , aPerson in disguise ; a Christmas
mummer.
Guitar, gi-taV, ft. a musical stringed instrument
like the violin in shape but larger, and played
upon with the fingers. [Fr. guitarre; It.
cnitarra; from L. citkara, Gr. kilkaru, a lyre
or lute. See Cithern.]
Gules, gfllz, . in her. a red colour, marked in
engraved figures by perpendicular lines. [Fr.
gueuJes, the mouth and throat ; low L. gala, red
skin.]
Gnu* gulf, -, a hallow or indentation in the sea-
coast : a deep place in the earth : a whirlpool :
anything insatiable. [Fr. golfe, It golfo, modern
Gr. koiphos, Gr. kolpos. the bosom, a fold, a gulf.]
fully, guUTi, adj.,full ofgulfs or whirlpools.
(tall, gul, . a web-footed sea-fowl, named either
from its wailing cry, or from its being glutton
ous. {Vf.gwylan, Bret, gxuelanBret, givela, to
weep, to cry : or It guloneL. gulo, a glutton.]
(tall, v.t to deceive. See under Guile.
Gullet, gul'ct, ft., the throat; the passage in the
neck oy which food is taken into the stomach.
[Fr. goidet, the mouth of a pipe, goule, L. gula,
the throat]
gully, guff, n. a gullet or channel worn by running
water.v.t. to wear a gully or channel in.
Gulp, gulp, v.t., to swallow eagerly or in large
draughts 'pr.p. gulp'ing ;/a./, gulped'. [Dutch,
gulpen, to swallow eagerly ; Lang, glouk, a
mouthful of liquid, . gobole, prov. E. gulk;
from the sound made in swallowing liquid.]
(tarn, gum, . lit. the roof of the mouth, the flesh
of the jaws. [A.S. goma, Dutch gumme, Ger.
gaumen, roof of the mouth, palate.]
Gum, gum, n. the hardened juice of certain trees,
not soluble in water like resins.v.t. to smear
or unite with gum '.-Pr.p. gumm'ing ; pa.p.
gummed'. [A.S. goma, Fr. gomme, L. gummi,
Gr. hommi.]
(jumml/eroui. gum-if'er-us, adj., producing gum.
[L. gummi, andfero, to bear, to produce.]
gummoos, gum'us, gummy, gum'i, adj., consistingof
or resembling gum ; producing or covered with
gum.. gunuu'lness. [L. gummosus.]
Gun, gun, ft. lit an engine for throwing projectiles ;
an instrument for projecting balls by means of
gunpowder; small-arms, not cannon, [gyne, a
contr. of Engine : or Fr. guigner, to look
obliquely : or from the root of Cannon.]
gun-barrel, guu'-bar-cl, n., thebarrelottube ofagun.
gun-boat, gun'-bOt, n., a boat or small vessel
of light draught, fitted to carry one or more guns.
gun-carriage, gun'-kar-rij, ft., a carriage on which
a gun or cannon is supported,
gun-cotton, gun'-kot-n, n., cotton rendered highly
explosive like K-powder.
gunnege, gun'Sj, ft, the number of guns carried by
a ship of war.
gunner, gun'er, n. one who works a gun or cannon :
naut., a petty officer who has charge of the
ordnance on board ship,
gunnery, gun'er-i, ft., the art ofmanaging guns, or
the science of artillery,
eunpowder, gun'pow-dcr, . an explosive powder
used for guns and firearms,
gunshot, gun shot, . the distance to which shot can
be thrown from a gun.adj. caused by the shot
of a gun,
gunsmith, gun'smith, n., a smith or workman who
i or repairs guns or small-arms.
fate, far ; mi, her ; mine ;
gymnastic
, gunstok, ., the stock or piece of t
on which the barrel of a gun is fixed,
gunwale, gun'el, ., the wale or upper edge of a
ship's side next to the bulwarks, so called be
cause the upper guns are pointed from it
Gargle. See under Gargle.
gur net , Gurnard, gur'nard, ft. lit horn-head;
a genus of fishes, having the head covered with
bony plates. [It. gutmead, W. Pengemym,
Cornish, pengampen, head, gam, horn.]
Gush, gush, v.t. lit to pour out.v.t. to flow out
with violence, or copiously :pr.p. gush ing ;
pa.p. gushed'.n. that which flows out ; aviolent
issue of a fluid. [A.S.geotan, Ger. giessen, akin
to Gr. ched, to pour ; Ger. guss, Ice. guza, that
which is poured out]
gushing, gush'ing, adj. rushing forth with violence,
as a liquid ; flowing copiously.adv. guah'lagly.
gut, gut, ft. lit. that through which anythinggushes
orjiows; the intestinal canaLv.t. to take out
the bowels of: to plunder ipr.p. gutrfng ; Pa.p.
gutr/ed. [A.S. gutgeotan, to pour, to flow.]
Gusset, gus'et, ft. the piece of cloth in a shirt which
covers the armpit; an angular piece of cloth
inserted in a garment to strengthen some part
of it. [Fr. gousset, armpit, gusset,gousse, It
guscio, a poo : W. cwyssef, gussetcwys, furrow.]
Gust, gust, ft., a sudden blast ofwind; a violent
burst of passion. [Ice. gustr.]
gusty, gust i, adj. subject to sudden gusts of wind ;
stormy ; tempestuous.ft. gust'inese.
Gust, gust, Gusto, gust's, ft. sense or pleasure of
tasting; relish; gratification. [It gustoL.
gustus, tasted ; akin to Gr. geuO, to make to taste.]
gustatory, gust'a-tor-i, adj., pertaining to, or
tending to please the taste.
Gut. See under Gush.
Gutta-percha, guta-pcrch'a, ft. the solidified juice
of various trees in the Malayan islands, like
caoutchouc [Malay, gutta, gum, percha, the
tree producing it]
Gutter, gut'er, ft. a channel at the eaves of a roof
for conveying away the drops; a channel for
water.v.t. to cut or form into small hollows.
v.t. to become hollowed ; to run down in drops,
as a candle '.pr.p. gutr/ering ; pa.p. guttered'.
[Fr. gouttieregoutte, L. gutta, a drop.]
Guttural, gut/ur-al, adj., Pertaining to the throat;
formed m the throatft. in gram., a letter pro
nounced in the throatadv. gut'turally. [L.
guttur, the throat.]
Guy, gT, ft., naut., a rope to guide or steady any
suspended weight [Sp.gvia, aguide.] See Guide.
Guzxle, guzl, v.t., to eat and drink with haste and
greediness.v.t. to swallow with exceeding
relish :Pr.p. guzzling ; pa.p. guzzled.ft.
guzzler. [Swiss, gieseln, to gormandise ; Fr.
desgoutiller, to swallow down ; It. gozzare, to
guzzlegozso, the throat]
Gymnasium, jim-na'zi-um, n. orig. a place where
athletic exercises were practised naked; a school
for gymnastics : a school for the higher branches
of literature and science.//. Gymnasia, jim-oa'-
zi-a. [L.Gr. gymnasiongymnast, to exercise
gymfu>ti naked.]
gymnast, jim'nast, ft., one who teaches or practises
gymnastics. [Fr. gymnastsGr. gymnastes.]
jim-nas'tik, gymnaetical, jim-nas'tik-al.
adj., pertaining to athletic
gymnastics, athletic exercises; the art of per*
mOte; mute; muun; then.
 Gynaroby
forming athletic exercises.adv. gymnas'ttcally.
[L. gymnasticus, Or. gymnastikos, relating to
gymnastics.]
Qynarchy, jinar-ki, n., government by a female.
[Gr. gyni, a woman, archd, to rule.]
gynecocracy, jin-G-kok'ra-si, gyneocrasy, jin-u-ok'-
ra-si, ., government by women. [Gr. gyni, a
woman, krated, to rule.]
Gypsum, jip'sum, n. lit. chalk; sulphate of lime;
when calcined it is plaster of Paris. [L., Gr.
gypsos, chalk.]
gypuous, jip'sff-us, adj., ofor resemblinggyPsum.
Oypiy, Gipsy, Gypsey, jip'si, n. lit. Egyptian, be
cause supposed to come from Egypt ; one of a
wandering race, originally from India, now
scattered over Europe : a reproachful name for
one with a dark complexion ; a sly, tricking
woman, [old . Gypttan.]
Gyre, jlr, n. lit a circle; a circular motion. [L.
gyrusGr. gyros, round.]
gyrate, jfr&t, v.i., to whirl round a central point ;
to move spirally 'Pr.p. gyrating ; Pa.p.
gyrated.adj. in bot., winding round. [L.
gyro, gyratum, to move in a circle.]
gyration, jl-ra'shun, n., act of whirling round a
central point ; a spiral motion.
gyratory, jl'ra-tor-i, adj., moving in a circle. '
Gyrfalcon, Glerfalcon, jerTaw-kn, n. a large falcon,
found in the northern regions of both the Old and
New Worlds, [low L. gyrofalco ; Gcr. geier, a
vulture, andfalke, falcon.]
H hire ; devoted to common use; much used.
Ha, hi, int. denoting surprise, joy, or grief: and,
when repeated, laughter, [from the sound.]
Haberdasher, hab'er-dash-er, ., a seller of small
wares, as ribbons, tape, &c. [Ice. hapartask,
things of little value.]
haberdashery, hat/er-dash-er-i, n., goods sold by a
haberdasher.
Habergeon, ha-ber'jS-un, n. a piece of armour to
defend the neck and breast. [Fr. haubergeon,
dim. of old Fr. hauberc, obs. E. hauberkA.S.
healsbeorgaheals, neck, bcorgan, to defend.]
Habit, habit, n. lit. the having one's self or being
in a certain condition ; ordinary course of con
duct ; tendency to perform certain actions ;
practice ; custom : outward appearance, dress ;
a garment, esp. a tight-fitting dress, with a skirt,
worn by ladies on horseback.v.t. to dress:
J>r.p. habiting ; Pa.p. hab'ited. [Fr.L. habitus,
state, dresshabeo, to have, to be in a condition.]
habiliment, ha-bil'i-mcnt, n. a habit orgarment :in
PL, clothing, dress. [Fr. habillementhabiller,
to dressL. as if habitularehabitus, dress.]
habitual, ha-bit'O-al, adj. formed or acquired by
kabit or frequent use ; customary.adv. habit
ually, [low L. habitualisL. Itabitus.]
habituate, ha-bit'u-3t, v.t., to cause to acquire a
habit; to accustom:pr.p. habit'Oating ; Pa.p.
habit'flatcd. [L. habituo, habituatumhabitus,
held in a state or conditionhabeo, to have.]
habitude, hab'i-tfld, n. tendency from acquiring a
habit; usual manner. [L. kabitudohabeo.}
habitable, haVit-abl, adj., that may be inhabited
or dwelt in.n. hab'itableneai.adv. hab'itably.
[L. habitabilishabito, habitatus, to inhabit,
freq. of habeo, to have.]
habitat, hab'it-at, . lit. it dwells; in nat. hist, and
fate, fir ; me, her ; mine ;
220
Hagiographa
hot., the natural abode or locality of an animal
or plant. [3d pers. sing. pres. ind. of L. habito.]
habitation, hab-i-t&'shun, n., act of inhabiting' or
dwelling; place of abode; a settled dwelling;
a residence. [Fr.L. habitatiohabito.]
Hack, hak, v.t., to use an axe upon, to chop ; to
cut and mangle ; to notch :pr.p. hacking ; Pa.p.
hacked'.n. a cut made by hacking. [A.S. hoc-
can, Ger. hackenkacke, an axe.] See. Hash.
hackly, hakli, adj. rough and broken, as if hacked
or chopped : in tnin., covered with sharp points.
haggle, hagl, v.t., to hack into smallpieces; to cut
unskilfully; to mangle \pr.p. hagg'ling; Pa.p.
haggled, [dim. of Scot, hag, Ice. hogga, to hack.]
Hack, a hackney. See under Hackney.
Hackle, hakl, n. an instrument with hooks or iron
teeth for sorting hemp or flax : any flimsy sub
stance unspun : a feather in a cock's neck ; a hook
and fly for angling, dressed with this feather.
[Ger. hechel, akin to Gcr. haken, and Hook.]
hackle, hakl, v.t, to dress with a hackle^ as flax : to
tear rudely asunder '.Pr.p. hackling : pa.p.
hackled. [Ger. hecheln, to comb flaxhechef.]
Hackly. See under Hack, to cut
Hackney, hak'ni, n. lit. a nag or horse hacked,
hashed, or used badly ; a horse for general use-,
esp. for hire.v.t. to carry in a hackney-coach ;
to use much; to make commonplace '.pr.p.
hack'neying; pa.p. hack'neyed (-nid). [from
Hack, to hash, to use badly, and Nag, a small
horsehence Fr. haquen/e, Dutch, hakke-nei, an
ambling nag.]
hackney, hak'ni, hackneyed, hak'nid, adj. let out for
hackney-coach, hak'ni-kOch, n., a coach let out for
hire.
hack, hak, n., a hackney, esp. a poor and jaded
one : any person overworked on hire ; a literary
drudge.adj. hackney, hired.v.i. to offer for
hire :Pr.p. hacking ; Pa.p. hacked', [contr.
from Hackney; old Fr. haque, haquet, a pony.}
Had, Pa.t. and Pa.p. of Have : in B. = held, Acts
xxv. 26. [contr. from A. S. hafed, hdfd haved.]
Haddock, had'uk, n. lit. cither the prolific animal,
or the little cod; a sea-fish of the cod family.
[W. hadog, hadawgItadatvg, having seed : or
low L. gadus, cod, and dim. termination ock.]
Hades, h.Vdtz, n. lit the invisible: in myth., the
abode of the dead. [Gr. kaides, hadesa, priv.,
tdein, to see.]
Hanuri, &c. See Hemal.
Haemorrhage, &c. See Hemorrhage.
Haft. Sec under Have.
Hag, hae, n. one vise in unholy secrets, a witch ;
an ugly old woman. [A.S. ha-ges, Ger. hexe, old
Gcr. h4gs; Ice. hagur, wise ; pcrh. conn, with root
of Gr. hagios, L. sacer, sacred, in a bad sense.}
haggish, hag'ish, adj., Itag-like.adv. hagglihly.
Haggard, hag'ard, adj. orie. wild, applied to an un
trained hawk; lean; thin; hollow-eyed:adv.
haggardly. [Fr.GcT.hagcr,\caiihag,a thicket-]
Haggle, to cut See under Hack, to cut
Haggle, hagl, v.i. to be slow in making a bargain ; to
stick at trifles :pr.p. haggling : pa.p. haggled.
m. haggler. [See Hawk, and Higgle, to peddle.}
Hagiographa, hii-ji-ogYaf-a, Haglography, h5-ji-oe/-
raf-i, .//. lit. (books) by sacred writers; the
last of the three Jewish divisions of the Old
Testament, comprehending the books of Psalms,
mote ; mute ; mGon ; then*
 hagiographer Hallucination
Proverbs, Job, Daniel, Ezra, Nehemiah, Ruth, Halt, to haul. See under Hail, to call to.
Esther, Chron., Cant., Lament., Eccles. [Gr. Half, haf {pi. Halves, havz), n. lit. a Pari, now one
hagiographa (biblia)hagios, holyf graphs, to of two equal parts.adj. having or consisting
write.]adj. haiog'raph;i.l. of one of two equal parts; being in part.adv.
hagiographer, ha-ji-ogVaf-er, ., one of the writers in an equal part or degree ; in part ; imperfectly.
ofthe Hagiographa, a sacred writer. fA.S. heal/, half, Ice. halfa, part, side; Swiss,
Bah, ha, int. same as Ha. halb, the side of a body. ]
Ha-ha, ha-hii', n. same as haw-haw. hair blood, h5f'-blud, n. relation between those who
Hall, hal, int. or imp. lit. may you be in health. the same are only half of the same blood, or who are of
[A.S. hah, halu, Ger. he:/, health.] See HeaL half-blooded,father or mother, but nbt of both,
haf-blud-ed, half-breed, haf-brcd, adj.
hale, li.'tl, adj., healthy; robust; sound of body.
Hail, hal, v.t., to call to, at a distance ; to address blood or breeds. male and female of different
produced from a
one passing :pr.p. hairing ; Pa.p. hailed', [low
Gcr. anhalen, to call to one ; Dutch, halen, half-bred, haf-brcd, adj., half or not well bred or
trained ; wanting in refinement,
haelen, to call, fetch ; Gcr. holen, to fetch, drag.] half-brother,
hal*, Kal, v.t., to haul, to drag;pr.p. hal'ing; n., a brotherhaf'-bru/A-cr, half-atiter, haf-sis-ter,
or sister by one parent only,
/a./, haled',
haul, nawl, v.t., to drag; to pull with violence: belongs to a Hindoo caste, one
half-cute, haf'-kast, n. a person of whose parents
Pr.p. haul'ing ; Pa.p. hauled'.. a pulling; a European. and the other is a
draught, as of fishes.n. haul'er.
haulage, hawlaj, ., act of hauling; charge for half-cock, haf-kok, n. the position of the cock of a
gun when retained by the first notch.
hauling or pulling a ship or boat,
halyard, halliard, hal'yard, n., naul., a rope by when buth.,fhalfhalf-moon, '-mfTDn, n. the moon at the quarters
of it is illuminated ; anything
which^ar^j, sails, &c. are hauled or hoisted. like it.
Hall, hal, n. frozen rain or particles of ice falling half-pay, haf'-pa, half the amount of pay or
from the clouds.v.t. to rain hail :pr.p. hail salary ; reduced
ing; Pa.p. hailed'. [A.S. hagal, Gcr. hagel, half-penny, ha'-pcn-ipay. half-pence, haf'-pens, or
Gr. chalaza, L. grandoSans, hrad, to rattle.] ha'pensj, n. a copper coin worth half a penny ;
hailstone, haTstOn, n. a single stone or ball of hail. the value of half a penny.half-pennyworth,
Hair, har, n. a filament growing from the skin of an tkc worth or value of a half-penny.
animal ; the whole mass of hairs which forms a half-way, haf'-wa, adv., at halfthe way or distance :
covering for the head or the whole body : in dot., imperfectly.adj. equally distant from twopoints.
minute hair-like processes on the cuticle ofplants : half-witted, haf'-wit-ed, adj. having only half the
anything very small and fine. TA.S. har, Ger. ordinary wit or intellect ; silly,
hoar, perhaps akin to the root of L. hirtus, hairy, half-yearly, haT'-yer-li, adj. occurring at every half
horreo, to bristle, crinis, hair.] year or twice in a year.adz*, twice in a year,
hair-breadth, har'-bredth, halr'i-breadth, harz^-bredth, halve, hav, v.t. to divide into halves or two equal
*.lit. t/iebreadth ofahair; a very smalldistance, parts :Pr.p. halving ; pa.p. halved',
hair-cloth, haV-klotn, is., cloth made partly or halved, havd, adj., divided into halves: in lot.,
entirely of hair. appearing as if one side were cut away.
hairless, haVles, adj., wanting hair. Halibut, hal'i-but, holibut, h6li-but, n. lit. holy
hair-powder, haV-pow-der, n. a white Powder for flounder; the largest kind of flat-fishes. [Ger.
dusting the hair.
aalr splitting, haV-split-ing, n. the art of splitting heil-butt, flat fish.]
Dutch, keil-botheil, holy, bott a
hairs or of making minute distinctions,
hair spring, haV-spring, n. a very fine hair-like passage at thelit.entrance
Han, hawl, n. a courtyard; a large room or
of a house : a large cham
spring on the balance-wheel of a watch,
hair-stroke, haY-strOk, n. in writing, a stroke or of justice are held ; a; anmanor-house
ber for public business edifice in which courts
(so called
line as fine as a hair. because courts ofjustice used to be held in them) :
hair-trigger, haV-trig-er, n., a trigger which dis the edifice of a college ; at Oxford, an unen
charges a gun or pistol by a hair-like spring, dowed college ; at Cambridge, a college. [A.S.
hair-worm, haV-wurm, a worm, like a horse- heal, Fr. halle; It. sala, L. aula, Gr. auU, a
hair, which lives in the bodies of certain insects, courtyard.]
batry, \ \ 5r'i . , :dj. , oforresemblinghair.n. hair'uuas. hall-mark,
Hake, hak, Hakot, hak'ut, n. a sea-fish of the cod at Goldsmiths' Hall to shew its purity. plate
hawl'-mark, n. the mark made on
family. [A.S. hakot, Ger. hecht, a pike.]
Halberd, hal'berd, ., a Pole-axe; a weapon consist Halleluiah, Hallelujah, hal-l-lTO'ya. Sec Allelolah.
Halliard. Sec halyard, under Hall, to call to.
ing of an axe and heavy dagger fixed on a Pole. Halloo, hal-loT/, int., n. lit. a hunting cry to en
[Fr. hallebarde, Ger. hellebarde, old Ger. helm-
bartehelm, a pole, barte, an axcbart, a beard, couragedogs; aery to draw attention.v.i. tocry
after dogs ; to raite an outcry.v.t. to encourage
from the hanging down appearance of the iron.] or chase with shouts:pr.p. hallCO'ing; Pa.p.
halb*rdler,hal-berd-eV,.,<?* armedwithahalberd. hallf>5cd'.
Halcyon, hal'si-un, n, lit. the breeder on the sea, Ger. halloh,[Fr.akin halle I holler, to encourage dogs ;
to hallen, to sound.]
the king-fisher, so called because once believed to
make a floating nest on the sea which remained Hallow, religious
hal'O, v.t., to make holy; to set apart for
use ; to reverence :Pr.p. hall Owing ;
calm while it was hatching.adj. calm ; peace
ful ; happy.Halcyon days, orig. the time during Pa.p. hall'Owed. [A.S. kalgian, haliganhaltgt
which the halcyon was hatching ; a time ofpeace Hallowmas, hal'O-mas, n., Heal,
holy ; conn, with Hale, Holy, Whole.]
and happiness. [L., Gr. alkydn, halkydnhaIs, Halloivs. [Hallow, andthe mass or feast of Alt'
Mass.]
the sea, and kyS, to conceive, to breed.] | Hallucination, hal-lQ-sin-a'shun, ., a wandering
Halt, healthy. See under Hail, int.
Cite, fir; me", her; mine ; mote ; mute ; moon ; then.
 hallucinatory handmaid
of the mindl error; delusion: In med., percep treasury or exchequer, pow L. hanaperium ;
tion of things that do not exist [ L. luillucinatio old Fr. hanap, a drinking-cup ; Ger. napf, A.S.
hallucinor, alitcinor, -aturn, Gr. alud, aluskd, hnap, a bowl.]
to wander in mindalaomai, to wander.] hamper, ham'per, n. a large basket for conveying
hallucinatory, hal-lQ'sin-a-tor-i, adj., partaking of goods.v.t. to put in a hamper '.Pr.p. ham -
or tending to produce hallucination. pering; Pa.p. ham'pered. [contr. from Hanaper.]
Halo, halO, n. lit. a threshing-floor, which among Hand, hand, n., the instrumentfor seizing; the
the Greeks was round; a luminous circle round extremity of the arm below the wrist : that
the sun or moon, caused by the refraction^ of which
light through mist: in Paint., the bright ring the handdocsof atheclock duty of a hand by pointing, as
; the forefoot of a horse : an
round the neads of holy persons.//. H&los, agent or workman : performance ; power or
halCz. [L. halosGr. holds, a threshing-floor.] manner of performing ; skill : possession : style
Halter, hawz'er, n. See Hawser. of handwriting: side, direction.v.t. to give
Halt, hawk, v.t., to hold back : mi/., to cause to with the hand : to lead orconduct : naut., to furl,
as sails:Pr.p. handing; pa.p. hand'ed.n.
cease marching.v.i. to stop from going on : hand'er.Hand down, to transmit in succession.
mil., to stop in a march : to hmp : in S., to be in [A.S. hand; Ice. henda, L. prekendo, to seize;
doubt ; to hesitate ; to walk lamely :Pr.p. halt
ing ; pa.p. halr'ed.adj. lame.n. a stopping: hand-barrow, hand'-bar-rC,toit.,hold.]
akin to Gr. chandand,
mtl, a stop in marching. [A.S. healdan, to hold, wheel, carried by the handsaofbarrow, men.
without a
healtan, to limp ; Ger. haltem, to hold, conn, with hand-bill, hand'-bil, a billot pruning-hook used
L. claudus. lame, Sans, khod, to be lame.]
natter, hawltrer, . a head-rope for holding and in the hand: a bill or loose sheet, with some
announcement.
leading a horse : a rope for hanging criminals :
a strong strap or cord.v.t. to catch or bind hand-book, hand'-book, n., a book of reference for
the hand ; a guide-book for travellers.
with a rope ;pr.p. halt'ering ; Pa.p. haltered. hand-breadth, hand'-bredth, n., the breadth of a
baiting, hawking, adj., holding toot; stopping; hand; a palm.] [hand.
limping.adv. haltingly. hand-cart, hand'-kart, n., a small cart drawn by
Halve, &c. See under Half. handcuff, hand'kuf, . , a cuffor fetter for the hand.
Halyard. See under Hall, to call to. v. t. to put handcuffs on '.pr.p. hand'cuffing ;
Ham, ham, n. the hind part or inner bend of the Pa.p. hand'euffed (-kuft). [A.S. handcosp, hand-
knee ; the thigh of an animal, esp. of a hog salted copshand, and cosp, a fetter.]
and dried. [A.S. ; Ger. hamme, old Ger. ham- handful, hand'fool, n. as much as fills the hand:
maham, Celt, cam, crooked, bent.] a small number or quantity.pi. hand full.
hamstring, ham'string, the string or tendon of band-gallop, hand'-gal-up, n, an easygallop, inwhich
the ham.v.t. to Tame by cutting the hamstring. the speed of the horse is restrained by the hand
Hamadryad, ham'a-drT-ad, n. in myth., a dryad or hand-glass, pressing the bridle.
wood-nymph, who lived, and died along with frame used hand'-glas, n., a glass or small glazed
the tree in which she dwelt.//. Ham'adryads, the hand* to protect plants,[thrown able to be lifted by
by the hand.
and Hamadryades (-ez). [Gr. hamadryashama, hand-grenade, hand'-gren-ad, n., a grenade to be
together, drys, a tree.]
Haaltlo, ham-itlk, adj., pertaining to Ham, a son handicap, in which
hand'i-kap, n. lit. handinto the cap: arace
the horses carry different weights, or
of Noah, or to his descendants.
Hamlet, hamlet, n.f a little home; a cluster of are placed at different distances, or start at
different times, so that all shall have, as nearly
houses in the country; a small village. [A.S. ham, as possible, an equal chance of winning, (orig.
a home, and dim. affix let. See Home.] applied to a method of settling a bargain or
Hammer, ham'er, v.t., to beat; to drive or shape exchange by arbitration, in which each of the
with a hammer : to contrive by intellectual parties exchanging put his hand containing
labour '.Pr.p. hamm'ering^ ; pa.p. hamm'cred. money into a cap, whde the terms of the award
n. a tool for beating, or driving nails ; anything were being stated, the award being settled only
like a hammer, as the part of a clock that strikes if money was found in the hands of both when
the bell; the baton of an auctioneer. [A.S. the arbiter called 'Draw.']
homer, Ice. hamar: from the sound of blows.] handicraft, handl-kraft, n., a craft, trade, or work,
hammerman, ham'er-man, n., a man whohammers, performed by the hand
Hammercloth, ham'er-kloth, ., the cloth which handicraftsman, hand'i-krafts-man, n., a man skilled
covers a coach-box, which was orig. a hamper handiwork, in a handicraft or manual occupation.
or box for holding articles useful on a journey. handl-wurk, v., work done by the
Hammock, ham'uk, n. a piece of strong cloth or handkerchief, hands : work of skill or wisdom.
netting suspended by the corners, and used as a hangTcer-chif, n. lit a kerchieffor
bed by sailors, [hamaca, an American Indian the &c.
hand; a piece of cloth for wiping the nose,
; a neckerchief. [Hand, and Kerchief.]
word, meaning a net]
Hamper, ham'per, v.t. to cause to stick; to impede ; handle, hand;
handl, v.t., to touch, hold, or use with the
to make familiar by frequent touching;
to shackle :pr.p. ham'pering ; pa.p. ham'pered.
n. a chain or fetter. [Scot, hamp, to halt in to v.i.
manage ; to use to write on ; to practise.
to use the hands '.pr.p. handling;
walking; Dutch, haperen, to stick fast.] handled. [A.S. kandlian, from Hand.]
Hamper, a basket. See under Hanaper. handle, handl, n, that part of anything held in the
Hamstring. See under Ham. hand: fig. that of which use is made ; a tool.
Hanaper, han'a-per, . lit a receptaclefor cups; bandiets, handles, adj., without hands.
a large strong basket for packing goods, esp. handmaid, hand'mad, handmaiden, hand'mSd-n,
crockery : ong. a royal treasure-basket ; a a maid that waits at hand; a female servant.
f3te, far ; me, her ; mine ; mOte ; mate ; raODb ; then.
 handsel hard-visaged
handsel, hand'scl, n. moneyfor something so\Agiven happy, hap*!, adj., having or bringing good hap,
into the hands of another ; the first sale or using or fortune ; lucky ; possessingorenjoyingpleasure
of anything ; a first instalment or earnest ; a new- or good ; secure of good ; furnishing enjoyment ;
year's gift.v.t. to give a handsel ; to use or do dexterous.adv. happ'ily.n. happ'lness.
anything the first time. [A.S. kandselen, a Harangue, ha-rang', n. lit. either a speech addressed
giving into handshand, and selian, to give.]
handsome, han'sum, adj. orig. what/alls readily A ato popular, a large ring or assembly, or simply a speech ;
pompous address.v.i. to deliver a
to the hand, convenient, dexterous; seemly, be
coming ; good-looking ; beautiful with dignity ; pr.p. haranguingto (ranging)
harangue.v.t. address by a harangue :
liberal or noble ; generous ; ample.adv. hand'- (rangd'). [Fr. harangue; It; Pa.p. harangued
aringaartngo,
somely.n. hand'iomeness. [Hand, and termina arena ; from old Ger. and A.S. hring, Ger. ring,
tion some, Ger. kandsam, easily handled.} * t
handspike, hand'spTk, n. a spike or bar used with alowringL.: ratio, acc. to Wedgwood, from old Fr. raison,
discourse. See Arraign.]
the hand as a lever,
handstaves, hand'stivz, n.fl. in B., staves for the Harass, haras, v.t. to burden or torment; to
fatigue with excessive effort; to annoy by re
hand, probably javelins,
handwriting, hand'rlt-ing, n. the style of writing peated attacks; to tire with importunity, or
uneasiness ipr.p. har'assing ; Pa.p. harassed.
peculiar to each hand or person ; writing,
bandy, handi, adj., skilful in using the hand; [Fr. harass?rharer, to incite a dog, from the
cry har, made in inciting a dog to attack :
dexterous ; ready to the hand ; near. [Dutch, with Harry.]n. har'asser.
kandigi Dan. haendig; Ice. fundi, adapted]
handywork, same as handiwork. Sec under Harbour.
hang, v. t. to hook or fix to some high point ; Harbour, haYbur, n. lit. and orig. a lodging, station
to suspend ; to decorate with pictures, &c. as a for an army; any refuge or shelter; a port for
wall : to put to death by suspending, and chok ships.v.t. to lodge or entertain ; to protect : to
ing; to fail; to linger in.vd. to be hanging possess or indulge, as thoughts.v.i. to take
so as to allow of free motion ; to lean, or rest for shelter :pr.p, harbouring; Pa.p. ha/boured.
support : to drag : to hover or impend : to be in [old E. herbour, herbergh; A.S. herebergahere,
suspense : to linger :pr.p. hanging ; Pa.p. an army, and beorgan, to protect.]
hanged' or hung. [A.S. hangian, or hon, pa.p. harbourage, haVbur-aj, ., place of harbour or
hangen ; Dutch and Ger. hangen ; old Ger. and shelter; entertainment.
Goth, hakan ; possibly conn, with High ; Wedg harbonrer, har'bur-er, one who harbours or
wood thinks it conn, with Hook.] entertains.
hanger, hang'er, he who or that which hangs', harbourless, haVbur-les, adj., without harbour.
that on which anything is hung ; a short, broad harbour-master, ha.r'bur-mas-ter, n., the master or
sword, curved near the point, public officer who has charge of a harbour.
hanger-on, hang'cr-on, n., one who hangs on or harbinger, harbin-jcr, n. lit. one who goes forward
sticks to a person or place ; an importunate to provide harbour or lodging ; a forerunner.
acquaintance [Ger. herberger; old Scot, herbryour.]
hanging,; aadj.
dependent,
hEdging, deserving death byhanging.
n. death by the halter ; that which is hung, as Hard, hard, adj. not easily penetrated, lit. or fig. ;
firm ; solid : difficult to understand or accomplish :
drapery, &c :used chiefly in //. difficult to bear; painful: unjust: difficult to
hangman, hang'man, n. , a man who hangs another ; please; unfeeling; severe: stiff; constrained.
a public executioner.//, hang'men.
hank, hangk, n. lit. that by which anything is earnestly; urgency
adv. with ; with difficulty ; close, near ;
forcibly.n. hard'ness, in B.t some
hung or fastened ; two or more skeins of
thread, tied together. [Ice. hanki, cord ; low times Ger.
hardship. [A.S. heard; Dutch, hard;
hart; Goth, /tardus; allied to Gr. kartoc,
Ger. henk, a handlehenken, to hang.] kratos, strength, Sans, kratu, power.]
hanker, hangk'er, v.i. to allow the mind to hangon harden, hard'n, v.t., to make hard or harder; to
or long for with eagerness and uneasiness; to
linger about '.Pr.p. hank'ering; fa.p. hank'- make ness;
firm : to strengthen ; to confirm in wicked
to make insensible.v.i. to become hard
ered. [Dutch, hunkeren] or harder, either lit. or fig. :/>r.p. hard'ening ;
Hanseatie, han-sS-at'ik, adj., Pertaining to the pa.p. hard'ened. [A.S. heardusn.)
Harue cities in Germany, which leagued to
gether for protection about the 12th century, hardened, hard'nd, adj., made hard, unfeeling.
[old Fr. home, league ; old Ger. hansa, troop.] hard-featured,
or
hard'-fet-Qrd, adj. of hard, coarse,
forbiddingfeatures.
Eaaaom-cab, han'sum-kab, n. a light two-wheeled hard-fisted, hard -fist-ed, adj., havinghardor strong
cab _ or carriage with the driver's Seat raised fxis or hands ; close-fisted; niggardly.
behind, [from the name of the inventor.] hard-handed, hard'-hand-cd, adj., having hard or
Hap, hap, n., that which seines or comes upon us tough hands.
suddenly; chance; fortune; accident [lec.happ, hard-hearted, hard'-hart-ed, adj., having a hard
unexpected good-fortune ; Fr. happer, to snatch or unfeeling heart ; cruel.n. hard'-heartedness.
at; Dutch, happen, to scire.] hardihood. See under hardy.
hap hazard, hnp'-liaz-ard, n. that which happens by hardish, hard'ish, adj., somewhat hard.
hazard; chance; accident, hardly, hardli, adv. with difficulty: scarcely, not
hapless, haptes, adj., without hap or luck ; un quite: severely, harshly.
lucky ; unhappy.adv. haplessly, hard-mouthed, hard'-mouMd, adj., having a mouth
haply, hnp'Ii, adv., by hap, chance, or accident; hardor insensible to the bit ; not easily managed.
perhaps ; it may be. hardship, hardship, ., a hard state, or that which
is hard to bear, as toil, injury, &c
happen, hap'n, v.i., to come by hap, or without hard-viaaged,
expectation; to fall out; to take place;Pr.p. hard'-viz-ajd, adj. of a hard, coarse,
happening ; Pa.p. happened. or forbidding visage.
fate, far; mc", her; mine; mOte; mute; mo"Dn; then.
 hardware
hardware, hard'wSr, n., ware made of liard mate
rial, such as iron or other metal.
hardy, hard'i, adj. , hardened, strong, brave ; inured
to fatigue or exposure : confident; impudent
adv. hard'ily.ns. hard'lhood, hardiness. [Fr.
hardi, It. arditoVr. hardir, It. ardire, to
harden, borrowed by the Romance languages
from the Teutonic hard.]
Hare, har, n. lit. thejumping gt leafing animal ; a
common and very timid animal, with a divided
upper lip and long hind-legs, which runs swiftly
by leaps. [A.S. hara ; Ger. hast; Sans, cafo
paf, to jump.]
harebell, hur'bel, n. a plant with blue /^//-shaped
flowers, so called from its growing on dry and
hilly pastures frequented by the hare.
hare-brained, har^-brand, adj. having a wild, scared
brain like that of a. hare; giddy ; heedless.
harelip, haVlip, n. a division in one or both lips,
generally the upper, like that of a hare.adj.
harelipped.
harrier, harf-er, n,, a harr-hound, a dog with a
keen smell, for hunting hares.
Harem, hi'rem, n. the portion of a house allotted
to females in the East, forbidden to all males
except the husband : the collection of wives
belonging to one man. [Ar. haram, anything
forbiddenharama, to forbid.]
Haricot, har'i-kO, n. small pieces of mutton, partly
boiled, and then fried with vegetables : the
kidney-bean. [Fr. haricot, kidney-bean ; It.
carat o, Sp. caracolillo, snail-flowered kidney-
beanSp. caracol, a snail : perh. haricot, minced
mutton, may be conn, with Haggle : the orig. mean
ing would thus be anything minced small.] -
Hark, hark, int. or imp., hearken, listen, [contr.
from hearken.]
Harlequin, harfe-kwin, or -kin, n. the leading char
acter in a pantomime, in a tight spangled dress,
with a wand by means of which he is supposed
to be invisible and to play tricks ; a buffoon. (Fr.
harlequin, arUquin; It. arlecchino; etymology
unknown.]
harlequinade, haVle-kwin-, or -kin-5d', ., exhibi
tions ofharlequins; the portion of a pantomime
in which the harlequin plays a chief part. [Fr.]
Harlot, ha/lot, n. lit. and orig. a young man or
person of cither sex ; then a servant, a rogue :
a woman who prostitutes her body for hire.
4idj. wanton ; lewd, [old Fr. harlot, herlot; W.
herlawd, heriod, a youth, herlodes, a hoiden,
a strumpet.]
harlotry, haVlot-ri, trade orpractice of being a
harlot or prostitute; prostitution.
Harm, harm, . lit grief; injury ; moral wrong.
v.t. to injure :Pr.p. harm'ing ; Pa.p. harmed'.
[A.S. hearm ; Ger. harm, conn, vrithgram, grief.]
harmful, harm'fool, adj.,full of harm; injurious.
adv. harm'fully.n. harm'fuinese.
harmlen, harm'les, adj.,free from harm; not in
jurious ; unharmed.adv. harm'lmtly.n. harm'-
leuneae.
Harmonic, Harmonious, &c. See under Harmony.
Harmony, haVmB-ni, ., afitting together of parts
so as to form a connected whole; concord: a
book with parallel passages regarding the same
event. [Gr. harmoniaharmozd, to fit together
harmos, a fittingarB, to fit.)
harmonic, har-mon'ik, harmonicaI, har-mon'ik-al,
adj., pertaining to harmony; musical; con
cordant.adv. naapon'ically.
fate, fir ; mC, her ; mine ;
hartstongue
harmonics, har-mon'iks, n., the science ofharmony
or of musical sounds; consonances.
harmonions, har-mo'ni-us, adj., having harmony;
symmetrical
n. ; concordant.adv. harmo'nioualy.
harmo'nionmeM.
harmonist, har'mon-ist, ., one skilled in harmony;
a musical composer.
harmonise, harrnon-iz, v.t., to be in harmony ; to
agree.v.t. to make in harmony; to cause to
agree ; in music, to provide parts to :Pr.p. har'-
mom.sing ; Pa.p. harmonised.n. harmoiuYer.
harmonium. har-mO'ni-um, n. a musical wind-instru
ment with keys, so called from its harmonious
sound.
Harness, harries, . lit. the iron dress formerly
worn by soldiers ; armour ; the equipments of
a horse.v.t. to equip with armour: to put the
harness on a horse '.pr.p. harnessing ;
har'nesscd. [Fr. hamais, Ger. hamuch, W.
haidrnacz, iron toolshaiam, iron.]
Harp, harp, n. a triangular musical instrument with
strings struck by the fingers.v.i. to play on the
harp : to dwell tediously upon anything :Pr.p.
harping \Pa.p. harped'. [A.S. hearse, Ger. harfe,
perhaps conn, with Gr. harpe, a sickle, from.'its
shape.]
harper, harp'er, harpist, harpist, ft., a player on
the harp.
haxpaichord, harp'si-kord, ., a harp-shaped musical
instrument having chords or strings like the
pianoforte, now disused,
harpoon, har-poCn', . a dart for striking and killing
whales.v.t. to strike with the harpoon \~~pr.p.
harpooning ; harpGOned'. [Fr. harpon
Harp, from the hook-like shape.]
harpooner, har-poOn'er, harponeer, har-pon-eT, .,
one who uses a harpoon.
Harpy, haTpi, n. lit. the snatcher; in myth., n
hideous rapacious monster, half bird and half
woman ; a species of eagle ; an extortioner. [Gr.
harpyiaharpazd, to seize.]
Harquebuse, Harquebus, Harquebus*, haVkwi-bus, .
same as Arqnebuie.
Harridan, har i-dan, ru a worn-out strumpet. [Fr.
haridelle, a lean horse, a jade.]
Harrier, a hare-hound. See under Ran.
Harrier, a hawk. See under Harry.
Harrow. See under Harry.
Harry, ha/i, v.t. , toplunder ; to ravage ; to destroy ;
to harass :pr.p. harrying ; Pa.p. harried. [Fr.
harrier, A.S. hergian, /terian, to plunder or
destroy.] See Harass.
harrier, hari-er, n. a kind of hawk so named from
its harrying or destroying small animals.
harrow, hnr'u, n. a frame of wood or iron toothed
with spikes for tearing and breaking the soil, &c
v.t. to draw a harrow over ; to harass ; to tear :
Pr.p. harr'owing ; Pa.p. harrowed.adv. harr'-
owingly. [A.S. hyrwe, a harrow, hyrwian, to
harrow, afflict; Dan. ham, a harrow.]
Harsh, harsh, adj., rough ; bitter; jarring ; abusive;
severe.adv. harshly.n. harsh'new. [Ger.
, harsch, hard, Dan. harsk, rancid, old E. harske.}
Hart, hart, ru lit. a horned animal'; the stag or
male deer.fem. hind. [Ger. hirsch, A.S. heort,
L. cervus, Gr. keraoskeras, a horn.]
hartshorn, hartsTiom, n. a solution of ammonia,
orig. a decoction of the shavings of a harts horn.
hartftongne, harts'tung, n. a species of fern shaped
like the tongue ofa hart.
mOte ; mute ; mOOn ; then.
 Harvest haw-haw
Harvest, harvest, n. the time of gathering in the Hatchment, hach'ment, /;. the escutcheon of a dead
crops or fruits; the crops gathered in; fruits: person placed in front of the house, &c. [cor
the product of any labour ; consequences.v.t. rupted from achievement.]
to reap and gather in '.jr.p. har'vesting ; /<*/. Bate, hat, v.t., to despise; to dislike intensely:
harvested. [Ger. herbst, Dutch, herfst, A.S. Pr.p. hat/ing; pa.p. hat'ed.n. extreme dislike;
kaerfest, conn, with L. carpo, to gather fruit, Gr. hatred.. haVer. [A.S. hatian, to hate ; Ger.
karpos, fruit] hassen, Fr. hair; conn, with L. odisse, and Sans.
harvester, haVvest-er, n. a reaper in harvest, vadh, to slight]
harvest-homo, har'vest-hOtn, n. the feast held at the hatable, har'a-bl, adj. deserving to be hated.
bringing home of the harvest. [harvest. hateful, hat'fool. adj., exciting hate; odious; de
harvest-man. harvest-man, ft. in B., a labourer in testable ; feeling or manifesting hate.adv.
harvest-moon, harVest-mOOn, n., tiu moon about hateTally.n. hate'falneea.
the full in harvest when it rises nearly at the hatred, hat'red, n.,feeling or act ofhating; extreme
same hour for several days. dislike; enmity; malignity.
harvest-queen, har'vest-kwen, n. an image of Ceres, Hatted, Hatter. See under Hat.
the queen or goddess of fruits, formerly carried Hauberk, haw'berk, n. lit armour protecting the
about on the last day of harvest. neck; a coat of ringed mail, [old Fr. hauberc,
Em, haz, 3d pcrs. sing. pres. ind. of Bare. A.S. kealsbeorgheals, the neck, and beorgan,
Huh, hash, v.t., to hack; to mince ; to chop small. to protect]
n. that which is hashed ; a mixed dish of meat Haughty, hawtl, adj., high; proud; arrogant: con
and vegetables in small pieces ; a mixture and temptuous. adv.haughtily..haughtiness, [old
preparation of old matter:Pr.p. hash'ing ;Pa.p. E. hautain, old Fr. haultainh. alius, high.]
hashed', [from root of Hack ] Haul, Haulage, Hauler. See under Hall, to call to.
Hup, hasp, n., that which holds; a clasp; the Haulm, Haom, hawm, n. lit. the stem; straw ; stub
clasp of a padlock.v.t. to fasten with a hasp: ble. [A.S. healm, Fr. chaume, L. calamtts, Gr.
Pr.p. hasp'ing; pa.p. hasped'. [Dan. haspe, kalamos, a reed.]
A.S. haeps, Ger. haspehuben, to hold.] Haunch, hansh, . lit. the angle or bend of the
Hassock, has'uk, n. a thick mat for kneeling on in thigh ; the part between the last rib and the
church. [Scot, hassock, anything bushy, Sw. thigh ; the hip. [Fr. hanche, It onea, Gr. angki,
hwass, rushes-] a bendroot angk, a bend".]
Hut, hast, 2d pers. sing. pres. ind. of Have. henchman, hensh'man, . one who stands at the
Hastate, hast at, Hautated, hast'at-ed, adj. in hot., haunch of his master ; a servant ; a page.
shaped likea spear. {^.hastatushasta^spiax.] Haunt, hint, v.t., tofrequent; to follow importun
Haste, hast, speed; quickness : rashness; vehe ately : to inhabit or visit as a ghost.v.t. to bo
mence. [Sw., Dan., and Ger. host; J'r. lUlte, much about ; to appear or visit frequently :pr.p.
haunting; Pa,p. haunt'ed.. a place much re
to hasten ; Sans. cac, to jump.] sorted to. [Fr. hanterBret, hent, a way.]
baste, hast, hasten, hasn, v.t., to Put to speed; to
hurry on ; to drive forward.v.t. to move with Hautboy, hO'boi, n., a high-toned wooden wind-
speed ; to be in a hurry \~Pr.p. hast'ing, hasten instrument, of a tapering tube, and having holes
ing (haYning) \pa.p. hasted, hastened (has'nd). and keys, also called Oboe (O'bo-i) : a large kind
hMjtj,hlLsi'i, adj., with haste; speedy; quick;rash; of strawberry. [Fr. hautboishaut, high, hois,
eager ; passionate.adv. haet'Uy. wood ; It oboe.]
hastiness, hasr'i-ncs, the quality or state of Have, hav, v. t. lit. to lay holdof: to own or possess ;
being hasty; haste; rashness; irritability. to hold : to regard : to obtain ; to bear or beget :
Eat, hat, n., a coveringfor the head; the dignity to effect : to be affected by '.prp^ hav'ing ; pa.t.
of a cardinal, so named from his red hat. [Dan. and pa.p. had. [A.S. habban; Ger. haben; Dan.
hat; Ice. hattr; A.S. haet ; conn- with Sans. have; Sp. haber; Fr. avoir; allied to h.habeo,
chhad,hat'ed,
to cover.] to have, and perhaps capio, to take, Gr. kaptS,
Itatted, adj., covered ivith a hat. to lay hold of. Sans. Hp, to obtain.]
hatter, hat', r, n., one who makes or sells hats. haft, haft, n. the part 01 anything which we have
BetaMe. Sec under Hate. or take in the hand; a handle. [A.S. haft
Batch, hach, v.t. to produce, especially from eggs, Haven, kaftan, to take ; Ger. heft; conn, with Have.]
by incubation ; to originate ; to plot.v.t. to river,hi'vn, n. an inlet of the sea, or mouth of a
where ships can get good and safe anchor
produce young ; to be advancing towards matur age; any place of safety; an asylum. [A.S.
ity '.pf-P' hatch'ing ; pa.p, hatched'.n. act of hafen; Dutch, haven; Ger. hafen; Ice. hSfn;
hatching ; brood hatched, [from Hack, to cut, to Ft. havre; old Fr. havene; W. hafyn.]
chip the egg by the pecking of the young bird.] Haversack, hav'er-sak,
Hatch, hach, v.t. lit. to hack or cut; to shade by bag ofstrong linen forn.a soldier's lit. a sack for oats; a
minute lines crossing each other in drawing and havresac ; Ger. habersackhaberprovisions. [Fr.
or hafer, Dan.
engraving.n. hatchlux, the mode of so shading. havre, prov. E. haver, oats, and Sack.]
[Fr. hacker, to chop, from root of Hack.] Havoc, liav'uk, n. general waste or destruction;
hatehe1, hach'el, n. same as hackle.
hatchet, hach'et, n., a small hacking or cutting devastation.v.t. to lay waste.int. an ancient
instrument ; a small axe. [Fr. hachetle.] hunting or war cry. [W. hafog, destruction
Hatch, hach, n. lit. the bolt ofa door; a half door, Haw, haw, n. orig. a hedge;conn,
haf, extension: perhaps with Hawk.]
a place hedged round,
a fastened door with an opening over it ; the or small enclosure : the berry of the hawthorn.
covering of a hatchway. [Dutch, heck, a gate, [A.S. /urge, kaga; Scot kattgh; see Hedge.]
kaek, a hook, A.S. haeca, the bar of a door.] haw-haw, haw-haw', n. a sunk fence, or a ditch not
hatchway, hach wa, n. the opening in a ship's seen till close upon it. [reduplication ofHaw.]
deck into the hold or from one deck to another.
fate, far ; mi, her ; mine ; mOte ; mute ; mTOn ; Men.
 hawfinch
hawfinch, haw'finsh, n. a species ofgrossbeak, a very
shy bird, with variegated plumage, living chiefly
in forests.
hawthorn, haw'thorn; n., the hedge or white thorn,
a shrub with shining leaves, and small red fruit
called haws, much used for hedges.
Haw, haw( v.i. to speak with a haw or hesitation.
. a hesitation in speech, [formed from the sound.]
Hawk, hawk, n. the name of several birds of prey
allied to the falcons. [A. S. kafoc; Dutch, havik;
Ger. habicht; Ice. haukr;Vj'.kebog; perhapsfrora
root of old Ger. kapen, Fr. happer, to seize.]
hawk, hawk, v.i. to hunt birds with hawks trained
for the purpose ; to attack on the wing :/*./
hawk'ing ; Pa.p. hawked'.n. hawk'er.
Hawk, hawk, v.i. to force up matter from the
throat.n. the effort to do this. [W. itocki ;
Scot, hough ; formed from the sound.]
Hawker, hawk'er, n. one who carries about goods
for sale on Jiis back, a pedler. [Ger. hdke, a
hawkerhocken, to carryhocke, the back.]
hawk,
for hawk, v.t. Ato carry
sale :/. about; for
hawk'ing Pa.p.sale;hawked
to cry
(hawkr*). [Ger. kgkm, to retail^**, a pedlcr. 1
Hawser, Halser, hawz'er, n. nautically, a rope for
raising or hoisting anything; a small cable ; a
large tow-line, [old . ka/se, hawse, Fr. kaiser,
hausser, It alzare, to raiseL. alius, high.]
hawse, hawz, n. the situation of the cables in front
of a ship's bow when she has two anchors out
forward.
hawtes, hawz'ez. hawse-holes, hawr'-holz, n.pi. the
holes in a ship's bow through which the cable
pass.
Hawthorn. See under Haw.
Hay, ha, n. grass after it is cut dawn and dried.
[A.S. keg, hig, Ger. heu, Ice. heyA.S. kea.ivan,
Ger. kauen, to cut down.]
hay-cock, ha'-kok, n. a cock or conical pile of hay
in the field.
haymaker, hamalc-er, n. one employed in cutting
and drying grass for hay.
Hazard, haz'ard, a game or throw at dice:
chance; accident; risk.v.t. to expose tochance :
to put in danger ; to risk \f>r.p. haz'arding ;pa.p.
hazarded. [Fr. hasard, It. aszardozara, a
die, the game, as if tsaraL. tessera, a die for
playing.]
hazardous, har/ard-us, adj.,full of hazard ; expos
ing to the chance of loss or evil ; uncertain : peril
ous.adv. hax'ardoualy.
Haze, haz, n., vapour which renders the air thick ;
obscurity. [Bret an, warm vapour : prob. conn,
with A.S. and Ice. has, hoarse.]
hazy, haYi, adj., thick with has*.n. har'lnesf.
Hazel-nat, ha'zl-nut, the nut of the hazel-tree,
which is covered by the calyx of the flower as
with a hat or cap. [A.S. haesel-hnutAaesel,
a hat, hnut, a nut ; L. corylus cosylus, hazel, j
hazel, ha'zl, n. the tree or shrub which bears the
hazel-nut.adj. pertaining to the hazel; of a
light-brown colour, like a hazel-nut
hazelly, ha'zcl-li, adj. light-brown like thehazel-nut.
Haay. See under Haze.
He, he", pron. of the third person ; the male person
named before; any one.--adj. male. [A.S. lie,
Ice. kin, Goth, his.)
Head, hed, n. the uppermost or foremost part of an
animal's body: the brain; the understanding:
a chief or leader ; the place of honour or corn-
fate, far ; mi, her ; mine ;
Heap
xnand ; the front : an individual ; a topic or chief
point of a discourse : the source or spring ; height
of the source of water ; highest point ofanything ;
strength. [A.S. heafd, heafod, Ger. haupt^T..
caput, Gr. hephali.]
head, hed, v.t., to act as a head to, to lead or
govern : to go in front of; to commence : to check :
naut., to be contrary.v.i. to grow to a head : to
originate '.pr.p. head'ing ; pa.p. head'ed. .
headache, hed'ak, ., an ache or pain in the head.
headband, hed'band, ., a band or fillet for the
head: the band at each end of a book.
head-drew, hed'-dres, *. an ornamental dress or
covering for the head, worn by women.
head-gear, hed'-ger, n.,geart covering, or ornament
of the head.
headlness. Sec under heady.
heading, hed'ing, n. that which stands at the head.
headland, hcd'land, a point of land running out
into the sea like a head, a cape.
headless, hed'les, adj., without a head.
headlong, hedlong, adv. moving along with the
head first, going carelessly ; rashly.adj. rash :
precipitous, steep.
headmost, hed'mOst, adj. , most ahead or advanced.
headpiece, hed'pes, n., a piece of armour for the
head, a helmet.
headquarters, hedTcwor-terz, ., the quarters or
residence of a commander-in-chiefor general.
headman, hedz'man, ., a man who cuts off heads,
an executioner.
headstall, hed'stawl, n. the part of a bridle round
the head. [prov. . stall, a case for a finger.]
headstone, hedstOn, n. the head or topmost stone
of a building : the stone at the head of a grave.
headstrong, hed'strong, adj. having strength of
head so as to resist the bridle, as a horse ; un
governable ; self-willed ; violent
headway, hcd'wa, n., theway or distance goneahead
or advanced ; motion of an advancing ship.
headwind, bed'wind, n., a wind blowing right
against a ship's head.
heady, hed'i, adj., affecting; rash.adv.
the head or the brain ;
intoxicating : inflamed heed'Uy.
n. headlness.
Heal, hel, v.t., to makehealthy and whole; to cure;
to remove or subdue ; to restore to soundness :
in B., often, to forgive.v.i. to grow sound:
Pr.p. heaTing; A*-A healed'.n. heal'er. [A.S.
herlanhal, whole, hal, healthy, Ger. keil,
whole ; akin to Whole, Gr. holes, whole, L sollus,
whole, in compounds, salvus, sound, and Sans.
sarva, whole.] See Hail, hale.
healing, heTing, n. the act or process by which any
thing is healed or cured.adj. tending to cure ;
mild.adv. heal'lngly.
health, helth, ., wholeness or soundness of body :
soundness and vigour of mind : in B., salvation,
or divine favour. [A S. healthhad, whole.]
healthful, helth fool, adj., full of or enjoying
health ; indicatinghealth : wholesome ; salutary.
adv. health folly.n. health'folnesa.
healthless, helth'les, adj., wanting health.ft,
health'lessnesi.
healthy, helth'i, adj. in a state of good health ; con
ducive to health : sound ; vigorous.adv. health'-
ily.n. health'lneai.
Heap, hep, n. a pile or mass heaved or thrown to
gether; a collection : in B., a ruin.v.t. to throw
in a heap or pile ; to amass ; to pile above the
top ;prp. heap'ing ; Pa.p. heaped'. [A.S.
heap; Ice. fwflr ; Ger. haufeheben, to heave.]
lOte ; mate ; mOOn ; Men.
 Hear
Heir, her, v.t. to perceive by the ear; to listen
to ; to grant or obejr ; to answer favourably ; to
attend to ; to try judicially.v.i. to have the
sense of hearing; to listen; to be told :Pr.p.
hearing; pa.f. ncard (herd).n. hear'er. [A.S.
herein ; Ice. keyra ; Ger. hdrrn ; Goth, hausjan ;
allied to L. audio, to hear, auris, the ear.]
hearing, hgrlng, n., act ofperceiving by the ear;
the sense of perceiving sound : opportunity to
be heard ; reach of the ear.
hearken, hark'n, v.i., to hear attentively ; to listen ;
to grant :-pr.p. heark'ening ; Pa.p. heark'ened.
[A.S. heorcnian; old Dutch, harcken; Ger.
horchen ; from Hear.]
hearsay, heVsa, a saying heard; common talk ;
rumour; report.
Hearse, hers, n. lit. a harrow ; on'g. a triangular
framework for holding candles, placed in a church
over a tomb ; a carnage in which the dead are
conveyed to the grave. [Fr. herse, It. erpice,
low L. hercia, L. kirpex, hirpicis, a harrow.]
Heart, hart, n. the organ that circulates the blood ;
the vital, inner, or chief part of anything ; the
seat of the affections, &c. esp. love ; courage ;
vigour ; secret meaning or design : that which
resembles a heart. [A.S. hearts; Dutch, hart;
Ger. hers; connected with Fr. ceeur, L. cor,
cordis, Gr. hardia, her, Sans, hrid.)
heartache, hurtak, n., ache or pain of heart; sor
row; anguish.
heart-breaking, hart'-brak-ing, adj., breaking the
heart ; crushing with grief or sorrow.
heart-broken, harr-brSk-n, adj., having the heart
broken or intensely afflicted or grieved.
heartburn, harr/burn, n. a disease of the stomach
causing a burning, acrid feeling, near the heart.
heartburning, hart'bum'ing, n., heartburn ; dis
content ; secret enmity.
heart-ease, hart'-ez, ., ease ofheart or mind ; quiet.
hearten, hart'n, v.t., to give heart to; to encour
age '.Pr.p. heart'ening ; pa.p. hearVencd.
heartfelt, hart'felt, adj.,felt at heart or deeply.
heartless, harries, adj., -without heart, courage, or
feeling.adv. heartlessly.n. heart leaaneas.
heartlet, harrlet, n., a little heart.
heart-rending, harr/-rend-ing, adj., rendingorbreak
ing the heart ; deeply afflictive ; agonising.
heart's-eaae, harts'-ez.. n. a common name for the
pansy, a species of violet, an infusion of which
was once thought to ease the love-sick heart.
heart-iick, harr'-sik, adj., tick or sore at heart ;
pained in mind ; depressed.n. heart'-slckness.
hearty, hart/i, adj.,full of or proceeding from the
heart; warm; genuine; strong; healthy.adv.
heart'Uy.n. heartiness.
heart-whole, hart'-hul, adj., whole at heart ; un
moved in the affections or spirits.
Hearth, harth, n. the part of the floor on which the
Arc is made, orig. of earth; the fireside: the
house itself. [A.S. heorth, Ger. herd, an area.]
hearthstone, harth'stOn, ., the stone ofthe heartfu
Beat, het, n. that which excites the sensation of
warmth; sensation of warmth ; a warm temper
ature ; the warmest period, as the1 heat of the
day : indication of warmth, flush, redness ; ex
citement : a single course in a race : animation.
v.t. to make hot ; to agitate.v.i. to become
hot :pr.p. hear'ing; pap. hear*ed- [A,S. haeto,
Goth, heito, old Ger. est, fire, conn, with L.
astus, heat, Gr. aithd, Sans, indh, to kindle.]
heater, liefer, n., one who or that which heats.
fate, far ; me", her ; mine ;
Hebraioally
Heath, heth, n., a barren open country: a small
evergreen shrubwith beautiful flowers, that grows
on barren heaths. [A.S. hath, Scot, heather,
the plant ; Ger. heide, Goth, haithi, a waste.]
heather, heM'er, heath.adj. heath ery.
heathy, hCthl, adj., abounding with heath.
heathen, hc'Mn, n. lit. a dweller on the heath or
open country; an unbeliever when Christianity
prevailed in cities alone ; an inhabitant of an
unchristian country; a pagan; an irreligious
person.adj. pagan, irreligious. [A.S. /urt/tcu.)
See Pagan.
heathendom, he'Mn-dum, ., those regions of t/u
world where heathenism prevails.
hcathenise, hG'Mn-Tz, v.t., to make heathen .*pr.p.
hca'ihenTsing ; pa.p. hea'thenTsed.
heathenish, hfi'Mn-ish, adj., relating to the heathen ;
rude; uncivilised; cruel.adv. hea'theniahly.
n. hea'thenlahneas.
heathenism, he'Mn-izm, the religious system of
the heathens ; paganism ; barbarism.
Heather. See under Heath.
Heave, hev, v.t., to lift *r/; to throw; to cause to
swell; to force from the breast.v.i. to be
raised ; to rise and fall ; to try to vomit :pr.p.
heaving ; Pa.p. heaved' or hOve.n. an effort
upward ; a throw : a swelling ; an effort to vomit.
[A.S. hefan, Ger. heben, Goth. hafjan, to lift]
heaven, hev'n, n. lit. that which is heaved or lifted
up; the arch of sky overhanging the earth ; the
air: the dwelling-place of the Deity and the
blessed; supreme happiness. [A.S. heofon
hefan, to lilt. J
heavenly, hev'n-Ii, adj., of or inhabiting heaven;
celestial ; pure ; supremely blessed ; very excel
lent.adv. in a manner like that of heaven; by
the influence of heaven.n. heaVenllness,
heavenly-minded, hev'n-li-mlnd-ed, adj., having the
mind placed upon heavenly things; pure.n.
heav'enly-mlndedness.
heavenward, hev'n-ward, heavenwards, hevli-wardz,
adv., toward or in the direction of heaven.
[heaven, and ward, sig. direction.]
heave-offering, heV-of-er-ing, n. a Jewish offering
heaved or moved up and down by the priest
heaver, heVer, n.t one who or that which heaves.
heavy, hevl, adj. , heavedwith difficulty; weighty:
not easy to bear ; oppressive : afflicted : inactive ;
inclined to slumber: violent: loud: not easily
digested, as food : miry, as soil : having strength,
as liquor : dark with clouds ; gloomy : expensive :
in B., sad.adv., also heavily.. heaviness.
" [A.S. hefighefan; old Ger. hevig, hebig.]
Hebdomadal, heb-dom'a-dal, KeMomadary, heb-
dom'a-dar-i, adj., occurring every seven days;
weekly. [L. hebdomadaltsGr. hebdomas, a
period of seven dayshepta, seven.]
hebdomadary, heb-dom'a-dar-i, n. a member of a
chapter or convent whose week it is to officiate
in the choir, Sic-
Hebrew, hfi'brdTJ, n. one of the descendants of
Abraham, who emigrated from beyond the
Euphrates into Palestine ; an Israelite, a Jew ;
the language of the Hebrews.adj. relating
to the Hebrews. [Fr. Hebreu, L. Hehrteus,
Gr. Hebraios, Heb. ibhri, a stranger from the
other side of the Euphratesebher, the region
on the other sideavar, to pass over.]
Hebraic, he-bri&'ik, Hehraical, ha-brallc-al, adj., re
lating to the Hebrews^ or to their language.
Hebralcally, he-bralk-al-i, adv. after the manner
of the Hebrew language; from right to left.
mole ; mute ; moun ; Men.
 Hebraise
Hebralse, hc'bra-Iz, v.t., to turn into Hebrew:
pr.p. He'bralsing ; pa.p. He'braTsed.
Hebraism, hCbra-izm, a Hebrrw idiom.
Hebraist, hc'bra-ist, n. one skilled in Hebrew.
Hebraistic, he-bra-ist'ik, adj., ofor like Hebrew.
Hecatomb, hek'a-to"Om or -torn, n. among the Greeks
and Romans, a sacrifice of a hundred oxen ;
any large number of victims. [Gr. hskatombi
nekaton, a hundred, and bous, an ox.]
Heckle, hck'l, same as Hackle.
Hectic, hck'tik. Hectical, hek'tik-al, adj.,Pertaining
to the constitution or habit of body ; affected
with hectic fever.adv. hectically. [Gr. htkti-
has, habitualhexis, habit.]
hectic, hek'tik, ., a habitual or remittent fever,
usually associated with consumption.
Hector, hek'tor, n. a bully ; one who annoys.v.t.
to treat insolently ; to annoy.v.t. to play the
bully ',Pr.p. hectoring ; pa.p. hec'tored. (from
Hector, the famous leader of the Trojans.]
Hedge, hej, n., a thicket ofbushes; a fence round a
field, &c.v.t. to enclose with a hedge ; to ob
struct : to surround ; to guard '.Pr.p. hedging ;
Pa.p. hedged'. [A.S. hegge, Ger. hag, a bush;
A.S. hegian, Ger. hegen, to hedge.]
bedge-buVhej-bil, hedging-bill, hej'mg-bil, ., a bill
or hatchet for dressing hedges.
hedge-born, hcj'-bawm, adj. of low birth, as it born
by a hedge or in the woods ; low ; obscure.
hedgehog, hej'hog, . a small prickly-backed
quadruped, so called from its living in hedges
and bushes, and its resemblance to a hog or pig.
hedger, hej'cr, n., one who dresses hedges.
hedgerow, hej'ro, n., a row of trees or shrubs for
hedging fields.
hedge-school, hcj'-skool, n. an open-air school kept
by the side of a hedge, in Ireland.
hedge-sparrow, hej'-spar-rd, n. a little singing bird,
like a sparrow, which frequents hedges.
Heed, he'd, v.t. lit. to protect; to observe ; to look
after ; to attend to 'Pr.p. heeding ;pa.p. heed'ed.
n. notice; caution; attention. IA.S. hedan, D.
hoeden. Ger. kitten, conn, with Hide, to protect.]
heedful, hCd'fool, adj.. full of heed or attention ;
cautious.adv. heed folly.n. heed'fulness.
heedless, hfidles, adj., without heed; inattentive ;
careless.adv. heedlessly.n. heedlessness.
Heel, hel, n. the part of the foot projecting behind ;
the whole foot (esp. of beasts) : the covering of
the heel ; a spur ; the hinder part of anything.
v.t. to use the heel ; to furnish with heels :pr.p.
heeling; pa.p. heeled'. [A.S. hel; Dutch, hiel;
prob. conn, with Gr. lax, L. calx, the heel.]
heelpiece, heTpcs, ., apiece or cover for the heel.
Heel, hil, v.t., to incline ; to lean on one side, as a
ship:pr.p. heel'ing ; heeled'. [A.S.
hyidan, Ice. halla, to incline ; prob. conn, with
cli, root of L. and Gr. clind, to incline.]
Hegemony, he-jem'o-ni, leadership. [Gr. hegemo-
niahigemdn, leaderhigeisthai, to go before.]
Hegira, Hejira, hej'i-m, or he-il*ra, n. the emigra
tion of Mohammed from Mecca, July 16, 62a
a.d., from which is dated the Mohammedan era;
any flight. [Ar. hedjrat, emigration.]
Heifer, hef'er, n. a young cow. [A.S. heafor;
prov. E. heckforheck, a pen or cote.]
Helgh-ho, hi'-hO, int. an exclamation expressive of
weariness, [from the sound.]
Height, hit, n. the condition of being high; dis
tance upwards ; that which is elevated, a hill ;
fate, far ; mf, her ; mine ;
Hellebore
elevation in rank or excellence : utmost degree.
[A.S. heahthoheak, high.] See High.
heighten, hlt'n, v.t., to make higher: to advance
or improve : to make brighter or more prom
inent :pr.p. height'ening ; pa.p. heightened.
Heinous, ha'nus, adj., hateful; wicked in a high
degree ; enormous ; atrocious.adv. heinously.
n. hel'notumess, [Fr. haineuxr-haine, hate,
from hair, old Fr. hadir, L. odi, to hate.]
Heir, ar, n. lit. an orphan; one who inherits any
thing after the death of the owner; one entitled
to anything after the present possessor.-fern.
heiress (ares'.ns. heirdom, heirship, [old Fr.
heir, Prov. her, heresL. heres, an heir, a weak
ened form of Gr. cheros, bereavedroot cha in
chdris, without, Sans, hd, to leave.]
heir-apparent, ar-ap-pa'rent, adj. the one apparently
or acknowledged to be heir.
heirless, arles, adj., without an heir.
heir-loom, SiMOOm, n. any piece of furniture or
personal property which descends to the heir.
[Heir, and A.S. loma,geloma} furniture.]
heir-presumptive, ar-pre-zump'tiv, n. one who is
Presumed to be or would be heir if no nearer
relative should be born.
Hejira. See Hegira.
Held, past tense and pastParticiple of Hold.
Heliacal, hS-ll'ak-al, adj.. relating to the sun; in
astr., emerging from the light of the sun or fall
ing into it.adv. hell'acally. [Gr. hiliakos
helios, the sun.]
heliocentric, he-li-o-sen'trik, heliocentrical, h-li-o-
sen'trik-al, adj. in astr., as seen from the sun's
centre.adv. heliocen'trically. [Fr. heliocen-
triqueGr. helios, the sun, keniron, the centre.]
hellography, hS-li-ogVa-fi, . the art of taking
pictures by f-light ; photography.adj. hello-
graphicaln. hebog'rapher. [Gr. hilios, the sun,
graphi, a paintinggraphJJ, to grave.]
hellolatry, he-li-ot'a-tri, ., worship of the sun.
[Gr. hilios, the sun, latreia, service, worship.]
hellolater, hC-li-ol'a-ter, n., a worshipper of the
sun. [Gr. helios, the sun, latris, a servant.]
helioscope, he"li-o-skop, n. a telescope/fcr viewing
the sun without dazzling the eyes. [ Fr. helioscope
Gr. hilios, the sun, skopeS, to look, to spy.]
heliotrope, heli-o-trOp, n. a plant whose flowers are
said always to turn round to the sun : in mm., a
variety of chalcedony of a dark-green colour
variegated with red. [Gr. hiliotropionhilios,
the sun, tropos, a turntrepd, to turn.]
Helix, hcliks, ., a spiral, as of wire in a coil ; in
zool., the snail or its shell ; the external part of
the ear.//. helices, hel'i-sez. [Gr. helixiielissd,
to turn round.]
helical, hcl'ik-al, adj., oforpertaining to a helix;
spiral.adv. helically.
hellspherlc, hel-i-sferlk, helispherical, hel-i-sfer'ik-al,
adj., winding spirally round a sphere.
Hell, hel, n. lit. and orig. the place of the dead;
the place or state of punishment of the wicked
after death ; the abode of evil spirits : the
powers of hell : any place of vice or misery ; a
gambling-house. [A. S. hell, Ger. hdlle, old Ger.
kelle; Ice. hel, death; orig. A.S. hell = the
goddess of death.]
hellish, hel'ish, adj., pertaining to or like hell;
very wicked.adv. hellishly. n. heUlshness.
hell-hound, her-hound, n., a Itound of hell; an
agent of hell.
Hellebore, hcl'e-bOr, n. a plant used in medicine,
mote ; mute ; mOOo ; Men.
 Hellenic
anciently used as a cure for insanity. [Fr. helle
bore, L. helleborus, Gr. helleboros.]
Hellenic, hcl-lcn'ik, Hellenlas, hel-Ie"'ni-an, adj.,
pertaining to the Hellenes or Greeks ; Grecian.
[Gr. Hellfnios, HellinikosHellenes, a name
ultimately given to all the GreeksHellin, the
son of Deucalion, the Greek Noah.]
Hellenise, hcl'en-Iz, v.i. to use the Greek language :
pr.p. Hell'enlsing ; pa.p. Hell'enTsed. [Gr.
hellinizfiHelttn.]
Hellenism, hel'en-izm, n. a Greek idiom. [Fr. Hel-
lenismeGr. Hellinismos.]
Hellenist, hel'en-ist, n. one skilled in the Greek
language ; a Jew who used the Greek language
as his mother-tongue. [Gr. Hellenists.]
Hellenistic, hel-en-isrik, Hellenistic*], hel-en-ist/ik-al,
adj\, pertaining to the Hellenists; Greek with
Hebrew idioms.adv. Hellenlst'ically.
Halm (of a ship), &c. See under Halve.
Helm, helm, Helmet, hel'met, ., a covering or
armour for the head : in bot., the hooded upper
iip of certain flowers. [A.S., Ger. Iielm, old
Fr . healmetA.S., Ger. helan, to cover.]
helmed, hclmd', helmeted, hel'met-ed, adj., fur
nished with a helmet.
Helminthic, hcl-m\riihi\i, adj.,pertaining toworms;
expelling worms.n. a medicine for expelling
worms. [Fr. helminthiqueGr. helmins. hel-
minthos, a wormheiled. lielissd, to wriggle.]
helminthology, hel-min-tholo-ji, the science or
natural history of worms. [Fr. helminthologie
Gr. helmins, and legos, a discourse.]adj.
helmintlioloff'lcaLn. helminthol'ogtst.
Helot, helot, or hel'ot, ., a slave, among the Spar
tans. [Gr. heilon, a aor. of haired, to seize, to
conquer: said also to be from L. Helotes, Gr.
heildtes, the original inhabitants of Helos, a town
in Greece, reduced to slavery by, the Greeks.]
helotism, he'lot-izm, or hel'-, n. , the condition ofthe
Helots in ancient Sparta : slavery,
helotry, hd1ot*ri, or hel'-, n. , the whole body ofthe
Helots : any class of slaves.
Help, help, v.l., to take care of; to support ; to
assist; to give means for doing anything: to
remedy: to prevent.v.i. to give assistance; to
contribute :j>r.j>. hclp'ing; pa.p. helped', in B.,
holp'cn.n. means or strength given to another
for a purpose ; assistance ; relief: one who assists :
in B. = help. [A.S. hetyan, Goth, hitpan,
Ice. hialpa, Ger. helfen, to aid, assist.]
helper, helper, ., one who helps; an assistant,
helpful, help'fool, adj., giving help; useful..
help'falnesj.
helpless, hclples, adj. , without help or power in
one's self : wanting assistance.adv. helplessly.
n. helplessness.
helpmate, help'mat, n., a mate or companion who
helps ; an assistant ; a partner : a wife.
Halve, helv, n.t a handle; the handle of an axe or
hatchet.v.t. to furnish with a handle, as an
axe:pr.p. heh/ing ; Pa.p. helved'. (A.S.
hielf helf, a handle, helma, a rudder; Ger.
helm, the handle of a tool, a rudder.]
helm, helm, the handle of a ship's rudder ; the
rudder and wheel, in large ships : the station of
management or government.
helmsman, helmz'man, n., the man at the helm.
Hem, hem, n., the border of a garment doubled
down and sewed.v.t. to form a hem on: to
edge :Pr.p. hemming ; pa.p. hemmed'.Hem
In, to surround. [A.S. and W. hem, a border.]
fttc, r.ir ; m, her ; mTne ;
hepatoscopy
Hem, hem, n., int. a sort of half cough to> draw
attention.v.i. to utter the sound hem Ipr.p.
hemm'ing ; Pa.p. hemmed', [from the sound.]
Hemal, hfi'mal, adj., relating to the blood or blood
vessels. [Gr. haima, blood.]
Hematite, hem'a-tlt, n. in mitt., a valuable ore of
iron, sometimes of a reddish-brown colour, with
a blood-red streak. [Gr. haimatilis, blood-like
haima, blood.]adj. hematit'ic.
Hemisphere, hem'i-sfer, n., a half sphere; half of
the globe or a map of it. [Gr. hemisphairion
himi, half, and sphaira, a sphere.]
hemispheric, hcm-i-sfer'ik, hemispherical, hem-i-sfcr7-
ik-al, adj., pertaining to a hemisphere.
Hemistich, hem'i-stik, ., halfa line, or an incom
plete line in poetry. [L. hemistichium, Gr.
himistichionhimi, half, stichos, a line.]
hemistich*!, he-mis'tik-al, adj., pertaining to or
written in hemistichs.
Hemlock, hemlok, *. a poisonous plant like straw
used in medicine. [A.S. hemleacleac, a plant,
and prob. ham, healm, stubble, from the straw-
like appearance of the withered plant.]
Hemorrhage, hem'or-Sj, a bursting or flowing cj
blood.adj. hemorrhagic (hem-or-aj'ik). (pr.
haimorrhagiahaima, blood, rhignumi, to
burst.]
Hemorrhoids, hem'or-oidz, npl. painful tubercles
around the margin of the anus from which blood
occasional\yflows.adj. hemorrhoid'*!. [Gr. hai-
morrhoideshaima, blood, and rhed, to flow.]
Hemp, hemp, , a plant with a fibrous bark used
for cordage, coarse cloth, &c. ; the fibrous rind
prepared for spinning. [A.S. heenep. Ice. hanpr,
L. cannabis. Gr. kannabis, Sans, eana, hemp.]
hempen, hemp n, adj., made ofhemp.
Hen, hen, the female of any bird, esp. of the
domestic fowl. [A.S. henn, Ger. henne, Ice.
hun, from A.S. hana, Ger. hahn, Ice. hani, the
male of birds, a cock ; orig. the singer or crier,
akin to L. cane, to sing.]
henbane, hcn'b.in, n. a plant which is a bane or
poison to domestic fowls; the stinking night
shade, used in medicine for opium.
hen-coop, hen'-kCOp, k., a coop or large cage for
domesticfowls.
hen-harrier, hen'-har-i-er, n. a species of falcon,
the Common Harrier. [See Harrier, a hawk.)
hen pecked, hen'-pekt, adj. foolishly governed by
his wife, as a cock pecked by the hen.
Hence, hens, adv., from this place or time ; in
the future : from this cause or reason ; from this
origin.int. away ! begone ! [old E. hennes,
henen, A.S. hinan; Ger. hinnen, here, hin, from
this, orig. hina, accus. of Goth, his, this : so L.
hinc, hencehie, this.]
henceforth, hens-forth', or hens'-, henceforward, hens-
forVard, adv.,from this timeforth orforward.
Henchman. Sec under Haunch.
Hendecagon, hen-dek'a-gon, n. a plane figure of
eleven angles and eleven sides. [Fr. liendica-
goneGr. hendeka, eleven, g&nia, an angle.]
hendecasyllable, hen-dek'a-silla-bl, n. a metrical
line of eleven syllables.adj. hendec'asyllab'ic
[Gr. hendeka, eleven, syllabi, a syllable.]
Hep, hep, . See Hip, the fruit of the dog-rose.
Hepatic, hcp-at'ik, Hepatlcal, hep-at/ik-al, adj., per
taining to the liver; liver-coloured. [L. hepati-
cusCr. kipar, Itgpatos, the liver.]
hepatoscopy, hcp-a-tosTcop-i, . divination by iw-
mute ; mute ; moon ; Men.
 Heptade
spection of the liven of animals. [Gr. hepalos-
copiakepar, lupatcs, liver, shaped, to inspect.]
Heptade, hep'tad, - the sum or number of seven.
[Fr.-Gr. keptas, keptadoshepta, seven.]
hoptaglot, hcp'ta-glot, adj., in seven languages.n.
a book in seven languages. [Gr. heptagtdttos
kepta, seven, gtdtta, gtissa, tongue, language.]
heptagon, hep'ta-gon, n. a plane figure with seven
angles ana seven sides.adj. heptug'onal. [Gr.
keptagdnos, seven-corneredkepta, and gdnia,
an angle.]
heptahedron, hep-ta-h6'dron, n. a solid figure with
seven bases or sides. [Gr. kepta, seven, kedra,
a seat, a basekezomai, to sit.]
heptarchy, hep'tSx-ki, a government by seven
Persons ,* the countrygoverned by seven : a period
in the Saxon history of England.adj. heptar'-
calc. [Gr. kepta, seven, arthi, sovereignty
arc/to, to rule.]
Ear, her, pron, objective and possessive case of
She.adj. belonging to a female, [old E. Itere,
Air, A.S. keore, genitive, accusative, and dative
sing, of Aw, she.]
hers, nerz, pron. possessive of She.
herself, her-self, pron. the emphatic form of She in
the nominative or objective case : in her real
character ; having the command of her temper ;
sane. [Her, and Self.]
Herald, herald, n. lit tke shouier; an officer who
used to challenge to battle and carry messages
between armies ; an officer whose duty is to read
proclamations, to blazon the arms of the nobility,
&c : a proclaimer; a forerunner.v.t. to intro
duce, as by a herald ; to proclaim '.Pr.p.
heralding; Pa.p. heralded, [old Fr. Jierald,
Ger. keroldkaren, to shout.]
heraldic, her-al'dik, adj., of or relating to heralds
or heraldry.adv. heraJ'dlcaUy.
heraldry, herald-ri, n., tke art or office ofa kerald;
the science of recording genealogies and blazon
ing coats of arms.
Herb, herb, or erb, . litfood, pasture; a plant the
stem of which dies every year, as distinguished
from a tree or shrub which has a permanent stem.
adj. herhleat, [Fr. kerbe, L. kerba, akin to Gr.
pliorbf, pasturepkerbi, to feed, to nourish.]
herbaceous, her-ba'shus, adj., pertaining to or of
the nature of kerbs: in bot., having a soft stem
that dies to the root annually. [L. kerbaceus. ]
herbage, hcrt/aj, or erb'aj, n., greenfoodforcattle;
pasture : herbs collectively.
herbal, herb'al, adj.,pertaining to kerbs.n. a book
containing a classification and description of
plants : a collection of preserved plants.
herbalist, hcrb'al-ist, n. one who makes collections
of kerbs or plants ; one skilled in plants.
herbarium, her-ba'ri-um, n. a classified collection of
preserved kerbs or plants.//, herbariums and
herbaria, [low L.L. kerba.)
herbeecent, hcr-bes'ent, adj., growing into kerbs,
becoming herbaceous. [L. kerbescens, -entis,
pr.p. oikerbesco, to grow into herbs.]
herbivorous, her-biv'or-us, adj., eating or living on
herbaceousplants. [L. kerba, voro, to devour.]
herborise, heroO-rlz, v.i. lit. toform a collection of
plants; to search for plants, to botanise.v.t.
to form plant-like figures in, as in minerals:
pr.p. herb'orTsing ; Pa.p. herb'orTsed. [Fr. kerbo-
riser, for herbariserh. kerba.]
herborisation, herb-or-i-za'shun, tke seekingfor
plants: in min., the figure of plants.
fate, far ; me", her ; mine ;
hermeneutio
Herculean, hcr-kulS-an, adj. extremely difficult or
dangerous, such as tntgkt have been done by
Hercules, a Greek hero famous for his strength ;
of extraordinary strength and size.
Herd, herd, n. a number of beasts feeding together,
and watched or tended; any collection of beasts,
as distinguished from a flock : a company of
people, in contempt ; the rabble : one who tends
cattle.v.i. to run in herds.v.t. to tend, as a
herdsman :fr^. herd'ing ; Pa.p. herd'ed. [A.S.
keord, hiord, Ger. kerdeold Ger. hirten, to
tend, Ice. kirda, to guard.]
herdsman, herdz'man (in B., herd'man), n., a man
employed to herd or tend cattle.
Here, her, adv., in ikisplace; in the present life or
state. [A_S. her; Ger. kur, akin to her, in this
neighbourhood, and old Ger. hi, he, this.}Here
about, adv. about this place.HereafVtr, adv.
after this, in some future time or state.n. a
future state.Here and there, adv. in this place
and then in that; thinly, irregularly.Hereby',
adv. by this.Herein', adv. in this.Hereof, adv.
of this.Heretofore', adv. before this time; for
merly.Hereunto', adv. to this point or time.
Hereupon', adv. on this ; in consequence of
this.Herewith', adv. with this.
Hereditary, he-red'i-tar-i, adj., descending by in
heritance ; transmitted from parents to their off
spring.adv. hereditarily. [L. kereditarius
kereditas, the state of an heirlures, an heir.]
heritable, her'it-abl, adj., tkat may be inherited.
[old Fr. heritable, kereditablelow L. keredi-
tahilisL. hereditas.]
heritage, her'it-Sj, n., tkat -which is inherited; in
B., the children (of God). [Fr.low L. kerita-
gium, kaereditagiumL, kereditas.]
heritor, her'it-or, , lit. and orig. an heir; in Scot
land, a proprietor in a parish, [low L. heritator,
for karreditatorL. kereditas.]
Heresy, her'e-si, tke taking and holding of an
opinion contrary to the usual belief, especially
in theology ; heterodoxy. [Fr. lUre'sie, L.
kaertsis, Gr. hairesishaired, to take or
choose.]
heretic, herVtik, tke upholder of a heresy.
adj. heret icaladv. heret'icaHy, [Gr. kairetikvs,
able to choose.]
Hereto, Hereunto, Herewith, &c See under Here.
Herlot, herf-ot, n., a tribute of munitions ofwar
anciently given to the lord of the manor ; a duty
paid to the lord of the manor on the decease ofa
tenant. [A.S. hertgeaia, a military preparation
here, an army, geatwe, apparatus.]
Heritable, Heritage, Heritor. See under Hereditary.
Hermaphrodite, her-maf'rod-It, n. lit. Hermes {Mer
cury) and Aphrodite" {Venus) united in the
same person ; an animal or a plant of both sexes.
adj. uniting the distinctions of both sexes. [L.
and Gr. Hermapkroditus, the son ofHermes and
Aphroditi, who, when bathing, grew together
with the nymph Salmacis into one person.]
hermaphroditic, her-maf-rod-it'ik, hermaphroditlcal,
her-maf-rod-it'ik-al, adj., pertaining to a her
maphrodite; partaking of both sexes.
hermaphrodism, her-maf'rod-izm, hermaphroditism,
her-maf'rod-it-izm, the union oftke two sexes
in one body.
hermeneutlc, her-me-nQ'tik, hermeneutical, her-me-
nfl'tik-al, adj., interpretittg; explanatory;adv.
hermeneu tically..^-.hermeneu'tici,thescience
ofinterpretation, especially ofthe Scriptures. [Gr.
mCte ; mate ; mGou ; tken.
 hermetic
/lermineutikoshermlntus, an interpreter, from
Hermls, Mercury, the god of eloquence.]
hermetic, her-met'ik, hermetic*!, her-mefik-al, adj.
lit, chemical; belonging to that philosophy which
explains all natural phenomena from three ele
ments, salt, sulphur, and mercury ; perfectly close.
adv. herinet lcally.Hermetically sealed, closed
completely, as a bottle, against the admission of
air or any fluid, by having the extremity fused,
[from Hermes, who was also the god of science,
and the fabled inventor of chemistry.]
Hermit, hermit, n. one who retires from societyand
lives in solitude or in the desert, [old E. eremite,
Gr. erimitiserimos, solitary, desert.]
hermitage, her'mit-aj, ., the dwelling ofa hermit ;
a retired abode : a kind of wine, so called from
Hermitage, a district of France.
hermltical, her-mir/ik-al, adj., relating to a hermit.
Hernia, her'ni-a, n., a swelling or prolusion, esp.
of the abdomen ; a rupture.adj. her nial, [L.
hernia, prob. from Gr. ernos, a sprout.]
Hero, he'r3, n. orig. a warrior, a demigod; a man
of distinguished bravery ; any illustrious person ;
the principal figure in any history or work of
fiction.-Jem. heroine. [Gr. herds, akin to L.
vir, man, herus, Ger. herr, master.]
heroic, iic-rO ik, adj., like a hero ; becoming a hero ;
courageous ; illustrious: designating the style of
verse in which the exploits of heroes are cele
brated.n. a heroic verse.adv. hero ically.
herd-comic, her-o-i-kom'ik, heroi-comical, her-o-i-
kom'ik-al, adj., consisting ofa mixture of heroic
and comic ; designating the high burlesque.
heroine, hero-in. n., afemale hero.
heroism, her'o-izm, n., the qualities of a hero;
courage ; boldness.
hero-worship, heYo-wur-shipj the worship of
heroes ; excessive admiration of great men.
Herodlans, he-rt'di-ans, n.pl. a party among the
iews, taking their name from Herod, as being
is especial partisans.
Heron, her'un, n. a large screaming water-fowl,
with long legs and neck. [A.S. hragra, W.
cregyrcreg, hoarse ; Ger. reiherrethen, to
scream : Fr. he'ron, L. ardea, Gr. erSdios.\
heronshaw, hcr'un-shaw, n., a young heron ; aplace
for the rearing of herons. [Fr. hdronceau, dim.
of h/ron.}
Herring, hcr'ing, n. a common small sea-fish found
moving in great shoals or multitudes. [AS.
and Ger. heringhere, Ger. heer, an army or
multitude: or allied to L. halec, fish-pickle.]
Herec, same as Hearse.
Hers, Herself. See under Her.
Hesitate, hcz'i-tut, v.i., to stick fast; to stop in
making a decision ; to be in doubt ; to stammer :
pr.p. hesitating ; pa p. hesitated.adv. hesi
tatingly. [L. haesito, haesitatum, freq. of
haereo, haesum, to stick, adhere.]
hesitancy, herl-tan-si, hesitation, hez-i-ta'shun,
the act ofhesitating; doubt ; stammering.
Hesper, hes'per, Hesperus, hes'per-us, n., the even
ing-star ox Venus. [L. and Gr, hesperos, even
ing, also L. vesper.}
Hesperian, hes-pe ri-an, adj., of Hesperus or the
west.
HeterocercsJ, het-er-o-scrTcal, adj. having the upper
fork of the tail differentfrom or longer than the
lower, as the shark :opposed to Homocercs.1. [Gr.
heteros, different from, and herhos, the tail]
fate, far ; me, her ; mine ;
Hidalgo
heterocUte, het/er-o-klit, heterocUtic, hct-cr-o-klit'flc,
heteroclltical, het-er-o-klitlk-al,orty.? irregularly
inflected; irregular. [Gr. heteroklttosheteros,
other, and klitos, inflectingklind, to inflect.]
heterocUte, het'er-o-kllt, n. in gram., a word irre*
gularly inflected: anything irregular.
heterodox, hct'er-o-doks, adj. holding an opinion
other or different from the established one, esp.
in theology ; heretical. [Gr heterodoxosheteros,
other, doxa, an opiniondoked, to think.]
heterodoxy, hct'er-odoks-i, ., state or quality of
being heterodox ; heresy.
heterogeneous, het-er-o-jen e-us, heterogeneaL, het-
er-o-jen'e-al, adj., ofanother race or kind; dis
similar :opposed to Homogeneous.adv. hetero-
gen'eously.ns. heterogeneity, heterogen'eousness.
[Gr. heterogenisheteros, other, genos, a race.]
Hew, hQ, v.l., to cut with any sharp instrument;
to cut in pieces ; to shape :pr.p. hewing ; pa.t.
hewed' ; Pa.p. hewed' or hewn. [A. S. hcawan,
Ger. hauen, Sans, chho, to cuL]
hower, hu'er, n., one who hews.
Hexagon, heks'a-gon, n. aplane figure withsixangles
and sides.adj. hexagonal,adv. hexag'onaUy.
[Gr. hexagdnonhex, %\x,gbnia, an angle.]
hexameter, neks-am'et-er, n. a verse of six mea
sures or feet,adj., having six metricalfeet.
[L.Gr. hex, six, metron, a measure.]
hexapla, heks'a-pla, n. lit. a sixfold collection ; an
edition of the Scriptures in six languages.adj.
hex aplar. [Gr. kexaplous, sixfold.]
hexapod, heks'a-pod, . an animal with six feel.
[Gr. hexapous, -podoshex, six, Pous, a foot.]
hexastlch, hcks'a-stik, n. a poem of six lines or
verses. [Gr. hexastichoshex, six, stichos, a line.]
hexastyle, heks'a-stll, n. a building with six pillars.
[Gr. hekastyloshex, six, stylos, a pillar.]
Hey, ha, int. expressive of joy or interrogation.
[Ger. hei: from the sound.]
heyday, hi'da, int. expressive of frolic, exultation,
or wonder.n. a frolic ; the wildness and spirits
of youth. [Ger. heida : the present spelling
owing to a supposed connection with high, day.]
Hlatos, hl-a'tus, n.,agap; an opening; a defect;
in gram., a concurrence of vowel sounds in two
successive syllables. [L., from hio, Gr. chaind,
to gape, root cha, the sound produced by gaping.]
Hibernal, hT-bei/nal, adj., belonging to winter;
wintry. [L. hibernalishiems, Gr. cheima,
winter, Sans, kima, snow.]
hibernate), hl'ber-nat, v.i., to winter; to pass the
winter in sleep :pr.p. hl'bemating ; Pa.p.
hibernated.n. hlberaa'tion. [L. hibemo, hs-
bematumhiberna, winter-quarters.)
Hibernian, h.T-ber'ni-an, adj. , relating to Hihemia
or Ireland.*, an Irishman, [from L. Hibernia,
Gr. louemia, Ireland.]
Hlbernianlsm, ht-ber'ni-an-izm, Hlbernlctsm, hl-ber-
ni-sizm, n.t an Irish idiom or peculiarity.
Hiccough, Hiccup, Hlcknp, hik'up, n. a sudden and
involuntary kind of cough.v.i. to have a cough
of this kind :Pr.p. hiccoughing (hik'up-ing) ;
Pa.p. hiccoughed (hik'upt). [Dutch, huckup,
old E. hicket, Fr. koquet; from the sound.]
Hickory, hik'or-i, n. the name of several American
nut-bearing trees, [perhaps a corr. of Carya, the
botanical name, from Gr. karyon, a nut.]
Hid, Hidden. See under Hide.
Hidalgo, hi-dal'gO, n. lit, the son of somebody; a
Spanish nobleman of the lowest class. [Sp. kijo
mOte ; mate ; mOOn ; then.
231
 Hide Hill
d* alguno, the son of somebody, or son of the ) high bom, hT'-bawm, adj., ofhigh or noble birth,
Gothas opposed to Moorish blood.) high-bred, hl'-bred, adj. of high or noble breeaf,
training, or family,
Elds, hid, v.t., to cover; to conceal ; to keep in high-church,
safety.v.i. to lie concealed :/r./. hTd'tng; the party hf-church, adj. an epithet applied to
in the Episcopal Church who attach
pa.p. hid, hidd'en. [A. S. hydan, to protect, old extreme importance to ecclesiastical dignities,
Ger. kuotsan, W. huddo, to cover, Gr. keutho, ordinances, and ceremonies.ns. high'-church-
Sans.
hide, hid,ghud, to protect,
., that which chhad,
covers toand
cover.]
protects the man, bigh-chtxrchiim.
high-coloured,
flesh or body ; the skin. [A.S. hya, Ger. haut, glaring colour. hl'-kul-urd, adj. having a strong or
allied to L. cutis, Gr. skutos.] high-day, hf-da, n. a holiday : in B. , broad daylight,
hidebound, hld'bound, adj., having the hide closely high-fed, hr-fed, adj., fed highly or luxuriously;
bound to the body as in animals : in trees, having pampered.n. hlgh'-feeding.
the bark so close that it impedes the growth. high-flier, hl'-fll-er, n., one who flies high, or runs
hiding, hTd'mg, n. a place of concealment. into extravagance of opinion or action.adj.
hidden, hid'n, adj., covered; unseen ; unknown. high'-flying.
Hideous, hid'e-us, adj.,frightful; horrible ; ghastly. high-flown, hl'-fton, adj. extravagant ; elevated ;
adv. hld'eously.n, nld'eounen. [Fr. hideux proud ; turgid.
old Fr. hide, hisde, dread, Sw. kisna, to high-handed, hl'-hand-ed, adj. overbearing ; violent.
shudder, akin to L. hispidus, rough, rude.]
Hie, hT, v.i. to hasten so quickly as topant:fir.p. high-hearted,
or full of
hT*-hart-cd, adj., with the heart high,
courage.
hieing; Pa.p. hied', [old E. highe, A.S. k:gan, highland, hiland, ., land high or elevated; a
D. kijgken, to pant for.) mountainous district.
Hlerarch, hT'er-irk, n., a ruler in sacred matters. highlander, hlTand-er, n. an inhabitant of a moun
adj. hl'eraxch&L [Gr. hierarchishieros, sacred, tainous region.
archos, a ruler, from archS, to rule.) high-man, hi -mas, n. the mass read on high occa
hierarchy, hfer-ar-ki, ., rule in sacred matters; sions.
persons that so rule ; the body of the clergy ; a high-minded, hl'-mTnd-cd, adj. having a high, proud,
government by priests.adj. hierarchical. [Gr. or arrogant mind: having honourable pride;
nierarrhiahieros, sacred, archi, rule.] magnanimous.. hlgh'-mindedneu.
hieratic, hl-er-arfk, adj., sacred; relating to highneM, hfnes, ., the state ofbeing high; dignity
priests. [L. hieraticus, Gr. hieratihos.] of rank ; a title of honour given to princes.
hieroglyph, hTer-o-glif, hieroglyphic, ht-er-o-glifik, high-place, hl'-ptas, n. in an eminence on which
n. a sacred carred figure or symbol ; picture- unlawful worship was performed by the Jews.
writing among the Egyptians ; any symbolical high pressure. hf-presh-Qr, adj. applied to a steam-
figure.adjs. hieroglyphic, hleroglyphicaLadz: engine in which the steam is raised to a high
hieroglyph'lcally. [Gr. kieroglypkikonhieros, temperature so that the pressure may exceed
sacred, glyPhd, to carve.) that of the atmosphere.
hleroglyphlat, hT-er-o-glif'ist, n.,one skilled in read high-priest, hl'-prest, n. a chiefpriest.
ing hieroglyphics. high-principled, hf-prin-si-pld, adj. of high, noble,
hierographic, hl-er-o-grafik, hlerographlc&l, hT-er-o- or strict principle ; extravagant in politics.
graf'ik-al, adj.. Pertaining to sacred writing. high-proof, hf-prCOf, adj., proved to contain much
[Gr. hierographikoshieros, sacred, and alcohol ; highly rectified.
ikos, from graphs, to write.] high-road, hl'-rOd, n. one of the public or ckief
hierology, hl-er-ol'o-ji, n., the science which treats roads.
of sacred matters, especially sacred writing and high seasoned, hl'-se'-znd, adj. made rick or piquant
inscriptions. [Gr. hierologt'ahieros, sacred, with spices or other seasoning.
and logos, a discourse or treatise.) hlgh-iouled, lif-sGld, adj. having a high or lofty
hlerophant, hi'er-o-fant, n. one who or reveals soul or spirit
sacred things ; a priest. [Gr. shews
hierophantes high sounding, hi'-sound-mg, adj., sounding high ;
hieros, sacred, phaind, to shew.) pompous ; ostentatious,
Higgle, higH, v.i., to hawk about provisions for high-spirited, hf-spir-it-cd, '.- having a high spirit
sale ; to make difficulty in bargaining ; to chaffer : highor tasted,
natural fire ; hold ; daring ; irascible,
Pr.p, higgling; pa.p. higgled.n. higgler, piquant taste or relish, adj. having a strong,
hf-tast-cd,
[a form of Haggle, and hawk, to sell.)
High, hi, adj., raised up or above; elevated; lofty; high-water, hY-waw-ter, . the time at which the
tide is highest; the greatest elevation of the tide,
tall: eminent in anything; illustrious; exalted highway, hi wa, n. a high or public way or road,
in rank ; dignified ; chief ; noble : ostentatious ;
arrogant ; proud : strong ; powerful ; victorious : highwayman, hl'wa-man, a highway robber.
angry ; loud ; violent ; tempestuous : possessing skill ; highlyhi'-rawt,
high-wrought, adj., wrought with exquisite
finished.
a quality in a strong degree ; excellent ; far Hilarious, hi-Ia'ri-us, adj., cheerful; gay: very
advanced : difficult ; dear : remote in time.
adv., aloft; eminently; powerfully; profoundly. merry. gay,
[L. hilaris; Gr. hilanoshilaos, kindly,
cheerful.]
[A.S. heah, Goth. hauXs, Ice. ha, Ger. hock, hilarity, hi-lar'i-ti, n., slate of being hilarious or
conn, with Sans, adhi, above, on high.) cheerful ; gaiety ; pleasurable excitement.
high-admiral, hf-ad-mi-ral, a high or chief Hilary, hil'ar-i, adj. the name applied to one of
admiral of a fleet.
high-altar, hf-awl-tar, n. the altar at which only the four terms of the law-courts of England,
high mass is celebrated in R. Catholic churches. from nth to 31st January, so called from St
high-bailiff, hY-bal-if, . lit. chief bailiff, an officer Hilary, whose festival is Jan. 13.
who serves writs, &c in certain franchises, ex Hill, hil, n. a high mass of land, less than a moun
empt from the ordinary supervision of the sheriff. tain. [A.S. kill, hyll; old E. hul; Ger. ktgtl;
fate, far ; mi, her ; mine ; mOte ; mute ; mOOn ; Men.
 hilly Histrionic
allied to L. collis, a hill, and root eel in celsus, hippocentanr, hip-o-sent/awr, n. same as Centaur.
high, Gr. kaldnos, a hill.] [Gr. hippos, a horse, and Centaur.]
hilly, hil'i, adj.,full of kills.. hlU'iness. hippodrome, hip'o-drOm, n. a net-course for Jiorsea
hillock, hil'uk, . , a small hill. and chariots ; an equestrian circus. [Gr. hippo
dromeshipposi a horse, dramas, a course.]
Hilt, hilt, ft. that by which anything is held, the hippogrill,
handle, esp. of a sword. [A.S. hilt; Dutch, half horse hip o-gtif, n. a fabulous winged animal,
hilte, holde ; old Gcr. helza ; from root of Hold.] and half griffin. [Fr. hippogriffe-
hiltfld, hilr/ed, adj., having a hilt. Gr. hippos, a horse, andj-r^r, a griffin.]
hlppopathology,
Him, him,/-wr. the objective case of He. [A.S. ology ofthe horse; hip-po-pa-tnol'o-ji, ., the path
he, dative him, acc Mine.] the science of veterinary medi
cine. [Gr. hippos,
himself, him-self',f>ron. the emphatic and reflective hlppophagous, hip-pofa-gus,fl<#., a horse, and Pathology.]
form of He and Him ; it also expresses the proper hippos, a horse, and phagS, to horse-eating. cat]
[Gr.
character or state of mind of a person. hippophagy, hip-pof'a-ji, ., the act or practice pj
Hln, hin, n. a Hebrew liquid measure, containing feeding on horse-Rcih.. hippoph'agist.
about 6 English quarts. [Heb.j hippopotamus, hip-po-pot'a-mus, n. , the river-horse
Hind, hind, *. the female of the stag. [A.S. kind; an African quadruped, one of the largest exist
Ger. kitide, hindinn; old Ger. hinda, hinta.] ing, of aquatic habits, having a very thick skin,
Hind, hind, ff. lit a member of a family; a short legs, and a large head and muzzle. [L.;
domestic ; a farm-servant ; a peasant. [A. S. hina, Gr. hippopotamoshippos, andpotamos, a river.]
hine; Scot, hyne, a person, a servant; Sw. kjun, hlppuric, nip-punk, adj. denoting an acid obtained
member of a family ; Ice. kion, a family, allied from the urine of horses. [Fr. hippuriqueGr.
to A.S. hige, hizva, a family, hiwan, domestics.] hippos, a horse, and ouren, urine.]
Hind, hind, adj. placed in the rear or at the tail; Hire, hTr, wages for service ; the price paid for
pertaining to the part behind; backward : opposed the use of anything.v.t. to procure the use or
to Fore. [A.S. kindan. See Behind.]
hinder, hinder, adj. comparative of Hind, but used services of, at a price ; to engage for wages; to
let for compensation ; to bribe '-Pr.p. hir'ing j
in the same significations, Pa.p. hired .si. mVer. [A.S. hyrian, to hire,
hinder, hin'der, v.t. to put or keep behind; to stop, hyr, Ger. hruer,
or prevent progress ; to embarrass. v.t. to raise hireling, hlrling, ., W. hwr, wages.]
a hired servant ; a mercenary ;
obstacles:Pr.p. hind'ering; Pa.p. hindered. a prostitute. [A.S. hyrling.]
[A.S. hindrian, Ger. hindem; from Hind.]
hlnderance, hin'der-ans, hindrance, hin'drans, act hires, hlrz, in B., plural of Hire, not now used.
Hirsute, hir-sQr*, adj., hairy; rough; shaggy: in
ofhindering: that which hinders ; obstacle,
hlndermost, hlnd'er-most, hindmost, hind'most, adj. hirsus,having
bot., long, stiffish hairs. [L. hirsutus
kirtus, rough, hairy, shaggy.]
superlative of Hind ; furthest behind.
Hindoo, Hinda, hin'dGB, n. an aboriginal native of His,forhiz, prvn., possessive form of He : in B., used
Hindustan, [lit. a dweller on the banks of the Hispid,its.his'pid, [A.S. his, possessive ofhe, and orig. ofit.]
adj., in bot., rough with or having
river Sindku, Sans, for Indus.]
Hindooism, Hinduism, hin'dGO-izm, n. the religious strong hairs or bristles. [L. hispidus.]
tenets ofthe Hindoos. Hiss, his, v.t. to make a sound like the letter s, as
Hlndoostanee, Hindustani, hin-dOu-stan'e, n. and adj. the goose, serpent, &c. ; to express contempt, &c.
the language or pertaining to the language of by hissing.v.t. to condemn by hissing '.Pr.p.
the Hindoos. hiss'ing ; pa.p. hissed'. [A.S. hysian; formed
Hindrance. See hlnderance. from the sound.]
Hinge, hinj, n. the hook or joint on which a door or tuss,ofdisapprobation,
his, n. the sound of the letter s, an expression
contempt, &c.
lid hangs ; that on which anything depends or
turns.v.t. to furnish with hinges ; to bend. hissing, his'ing, ., the noise of a hiss: object of
hissing; object or occasion of contempt.
v.t. to hang or turn as on a hinge :Pr.p. hing'-
ing ; Pa-P- hinged'. [Dutch, heng/te, hook, hinge ; Hist, hist, int. demanding silence and attention;
Ger. angel; prov. . hingU, a small hinge ; Scot. hush I silence ! [formed from the sound.]
king, to hang : conn, with Hang. ] Histology, his-tol'o-ji, n. the science which treats of
Hinny, hin'i, n. the produce of a stallion and a she* the minute structure of animal and vegetable
ass. [L. hi/inus; Gr. hinnos, ginnos, a mule.] tissue. [Gr. histos, bar of a loom, web, texture
Hint, hint, v.t. lit. to whisper; to bring to mind histimi, to make to stand, logos, a discourse.]
by a slight mention or remote allusion ; to allude History, his'to-ri, n. a story or statement of facts
to.v.t. to make an indirect or remote allusion ; obtained by inquiry ; an account of an event ; a
to allude '.pr.p. hmVing; pa.p. hint'ed.n, a
distant allusion; slight mention ; insinuation. systematic account of the origin and progress of
a nation ; the knowledge of facts, events, etc. [L.
[Ice. ymtr, a hint, ymta, Dan, ymte, to hum, to and Gr. historiaGr. historeS, to learn by in
whisper: &o emmet = ant.] quiryhistdr, knowing, learned.]
Hip, hip. n. the haunch or fleshy part of the thigh. hUtorian, his-to'ri-an, n., a writer ofhistory.
v.t. to sprain the hip :pr-P. hipp'ing; pa.p. historic, tus-tor'ik, historical, his-tor'ik-ai, adj. , per
hipped'. [A.S. hip,hyP; Goth, hups.) taining to history ; containing history ; derived
from history.adv. historically.
Hip, hip, Hep, hep, n. the fruit of the wild-brier or historiography,
dog-rose, [old E. hepe; A.S. heope, hiope.] his-to-ri-og'ra-fi, n. the art or em
ployment of writing history. [Gr. historio-
Hippocampus, hip'o-kam-pus, n. a genus of fishes grapkiahistoria,
with head and neck somewhat Tike those of a historiographer, his-tO-ri-og'ra-fer, and graphs, to write.]
horse, and a long, tapering tail which they can history; a professed or official historian. ., a writer of
twist round anything. [L. ; Gr. hippokampos
hippos, a horse, kampi, a turning.] Histrionic, his-tri-on'ik, Hlstrionlcal, his-tri-onlk-al,
fate, far ; m, her ; mine ; mGte ; mute ; mOGn ; Men.
2;5
 histrionism
adj., relating to the stage or stage-players ; be
fitting a theatre.adv. histrionically. [L. his-
trionicuskistrio, Etruscan primary form Mister,
a player.]
histrionism, his'tri-o-nirm, ., the acts or practice of
stage-playing, or of pantomime.
Hit, hit, v.t., to light on that which is aimed at;
to touch or strike; to reach; to suit.v.i. to
come in contact ; to chance luckily ; to succeed :
pr.p. hitt'ing; pa.p. hit.. hltt'er. [A.S.
hettan, to pursue ; Ice. hitta, to light on, to find.]
hit, hit, n., a lighting upon ; a lucky chance ; a
stroke ; a happy turn of thought or expression.
Hitch, hich, v.i., to move byjerks, as if caught by
a hook ; to be caught by a hook ; to be caught or
fall into.v.i. to hook; to catch '.pr.p. hitch'-
ing ; Pa.p. hitched'./*, a jerk ; a catch or any
thing that holds; an obstacle; a sudden halt;
naut., a knot or noose. [Scot, hitch, motion by
a jerk ; Fr. hocher, to jog ; Dutch, hittsen, to
jumble ; prov. Ger. hiksen, W. hecian, to limp.]
Hlthe, MM, ., a small haven. [A.S. hith.)
Hither, hith'ti, adv., to this place.adj. toward
the speaker; nearer. [A.S. hither, hider; Goth.
hidre; Ice. hedhar; Sw. hit.]
hithermost, hirVi'cr-mGst, adj. nearest on this side.
hitherto, hi^/t'er-tCO, a^iv., to this place or time ; as
yet
hltherward, hiM'er-ward, adv., towards thisplace.
Hive, hlv, n., a family or swarm of bees in a
box or basket ; the habitation of bees ; any busy
company. to collect into a hive; to lay up
in store.v.i. to take shelter together; to reside
in a body:/r./. hlv'ing; Pa.p. hived'. [A.S.
hyfe, hivehiwa, Goth, heiv, Ice. hiu, family.]
hlver, hlv'er, one who collects bees into a hive.
Ho, Hot, hfl, int. a call to excite attention; holdI
stop ! [formed from the sound.]
Hoar, bOr, adj. orig. hairy; white or grayish*
white, esp. with age or frost.n. hoariness. (A.S.
kar, hoary, gray ; Ice. hxera, gray hair, hterdr,
haired or hairy.]
hoar-frost, hOr'-frost, n., white frost; the white
particles formed by the freezing of dew.
hoarhound, horehoond, hOrtiound, . a plant of a
whitish or downy appearance, used as a tonic
and for coughs, once supposed to be a remedy
for the bite of a mad dog or hound. [A.S.
hara-hunig, hara-hunehar, hoar, Hound.]
hoary, hOr'i, adj., white or gray with age : in hot.,
covered with short, dense, whitish hairs.n.
hoariness.
Hoard, hOrd, ., a store; a hidden stock ; a trea
sure.v.t. to store; to amass and deposit in
secret.v.i. to store up; to collect and form a
hoard:/r./. hoarding; Pa.p. hoarded'. [A.S.
herd, heordheordan, to store ; akin to hyrdan,
to guard, to keep.]
Hoard, hord. Hoarding, hording, ., a hurdle or
fence enclosing a house and materials while
builders are at work, [old Fr. horde, barrier;
Ger. kUrde, hurdle : from root of Hurdle.]
Homo, hOrs, adj., having a harsh, grating voice,
as when affected with a cold ; harsh ; discordant
n. hoarse'neam,adv. hoarsely. [A. S. has ; Ger.
heiser; L. raucus; akin to Sans, root, ru, to
sound, rava, sound]
horse-laugh, hors-ULf, ., a harsh, boisterous laugh.
[Hoarse, and Laugh.]
Hoary. See under Hoar.
fate, far ; mC, her ; mine ;
34
hog-ringer
Hoax, hoks, n. a deceptive trick ; a practical joke.
v.t. to deceive ; to play a trick upon for
sport, or without malice 'pr.p. hoaxing ; Pa.p.
hoaxed', [from hocus. See Hocns-pocus. J
Hob, hob, n. the projecting nave of a wheel : the
flat part of a grate, orig. the raised stones be
tween which the embers were confined. [Ger.
hub, a heaving ; W. hob, anything that rises or
projects.]
hobnail, hob'nitl, n. a nail with a thick, strong
head used in the shoes of horses, and sometimes
of men : a clownish fellow, so called from the
hobnails in his shoes.adj. hob'nailed. [from
Hob, a projecting head : also given from Dan.
hov-nagle, Ger. huf-nagel, hooi-naiL]
Hob, a rustic, a fairy. See under Hobble.
Hobble, hob'i, v.i. to walk with a hop; to limp or
walk awkwardly; to move irregularly.v.t. to
. fasten loosely the legs of :pr.p. hobbling ; Pa.p.
hobbled.. an awkward, limping gait : a diffi
culty, [a freq. of Hop.]
hob, hob, n. a hobbling clownish fellow ; a rustic :
a fairy, because supposed to hobble or limp
rather than walk, [also given as a contr. of
Halbert, or Robert.]
hobgoblin, hob-goblin, . lit a hobbling goblin; a
fairy; a frightful apparition, [nob. Goblin.]
bobby, hob'i, hobby-horse, hobl-hors, . a strong,
active horse ; a pacing horse : a stick or figure of
a horse on which boys ride ! a subject on which
one is constantly settingoff; a favourite pursuit,
[from the hobbling or hopping gait of the horse,
hence old Fr. hobin, Dan. hoppa.]
hobby, hob'i, . a small species of falcon, [old Fr.
hobereau.]
Hobgoblin. Sec under Hobble.
Hobnail. See under Hob, a projection.
Hobnob, hob'nob, adv. , have or not have; a familiar
invitation to reciprocal drinking. [AS. habban,
to have, and nabban, not to have.]
Hock, Hockle. Sec Hough.
Hock, hok, . a fine Rhenish wine of a light-yel
lowish colour, -{from Hochheim, in Germany.]
Hockey, hok'i, n., hookey, a game at ball played
with a club or hooked stick.
Hocus-pocus, ho'kus-po'kus, n. a juggler; a juggler's
trick.v.t. to cheat, [from ochus bochus, words
anciently used by Italian conjurors; less prob.
a corruption of the words hoc est corpus, in
ridiculous imitation of the Romish priests, in
their formula of transuInstantiation.]
Hod, hod, n. a kind of trough borne on the shoulder,
for carrying brick and mortar. [Fr. and Ger.
hotte, a basket carried on the back.]
hodman, hod'man, n., a man who carries a hod:
a mason's labourer.
Hodge-podge, hoj'-poj. Sec Hotchpot
Hoe, hO, n. an instrument for hewing or digging
up weeds, and loosening the earth.v.t. to cut
or clean with a hoe ; to weed.v.i. to use a hoe :
Pr.p. hoe'ing ;Pa.p. hoed'.n. ho'er. [ Fr. houer;
Ger. kauen; A.S. heawan, to cut, to dig.]
Hog, hog, n., the grunting animal; a castrated
boar; apig.v.t. to cut short the hair of:Pf-P-
hogging ; Pa.p. hogged'. [\V. kivch ; Bret
hock, houch, swinehoudha, to grunt]
hoggish, hog'ish, adj., resembling a hog; brutish;
filthy; selfish.n. hogg'lshneee.adv. hoggishly.
hog-ringer, hog'-ring-er, n. one who puts rings into
the snouts of hogs.
mOte ; mute ; m6"Dn ; Men.
 hog'a-lard holy-week
bog i I mi, hogzMard, . the melted lard 01 fat of Hollo, hol'O, Holla, hol'a, int., ko, there; attend.
t/ic /tog. n. a loud shout.v.i. to cry loudly to one at a
Hoggerel, hog/er-el (in Scot. Hogg), n. a young sheep distance :Pr.p. hollo'ing ; pa.p. holloed'. [Ger.
holla; Fr. kohlho, and Idil iliac, there.]
of the second year. [D. kokkelbtg, a beast of Hollow, and its compounds. See under Hole.
one year old, from being fed in the hok or pen.]
hogget, hog'et, n. a boar of the second year; a Holly, hol'i, n. an evergreen shrub having prickly
sheep or colt after it has passed its first year. leaves and scarlet or yellow berries. [A.S.
Hogshead, hogzlied, n. an old measure of capacity Aolegn, the holly.]
about ;, - i imperial gallons ; a half pipe, Hollyhock. See under Holy.
[cither so called from its shape, or corrupted Holm, holm, or hOm, ., a river-islet; rich flat
from Dutch, ocks-hood, ox and head ; Sw. ox- land near a river: the -ilex or evergreen oak,
hufwudox, ox, and hufwud, head.] perhaps so called because it grows best in holms.
Hoiden, hoi'dn, ., a romping, ill-bred girl; a [A.S. holm, a river-island.]
flirt.adj. rude, rustic, bold.v.i. to romp Holocaust, hol'o-kawst, n. a burnt sacrifice, in which
indelicately, [old . hoydon, Dutch, heyden, the whole of the victim was consumed. [Gr.
a clownish person, a form of heathen.] kolokaustonkolas, whole, and kaustos, burnt.]
Hoist, hoist, v.t., to lift i to raise with tackle; holograph, hol'o-graf, n. a document whollywritten
to heave :Pr.p. hoisting ; Pa.p. hoist/ed.n. act by the person from whom it proceeds.adj. holo
oflifting ; a lift : the height ofa saiL [old E. hoise, graphic. [Gr. kolograpkos, wholly written
Fr. kisser, Sw. kissa, Dan. heist, to lift.] holos, whole, and grapkd, to write.]
Hoity-toity, hoi'ti-toi'ti, int. an exclamation of sur bolometer, hol-om'et-er, n. an instrument for taking
prise or disapprobation.adj. giddy, flighty, gay, all kinds of measures; a pantometer. [Fr. holo-
metreGr. holos, whole, and mstron, measure.]
noisy, [from hut and tut, interjections expres
sive of disapprobation.] Holpen, holp'n, old Pa.p. of Help.
Hold, hold, v.t., to keep possession of or authority Holster, hol'stcr, n. the leathern case carried by a
over ; to sustain ; to defend : to occupy ; to derive horseman at the forepart of the saddle for cover
title to : to bind ; to confine ; to restrain : to con ing a pistoL [A.S. keolster, a hiding-place
tinue ; to persist in : to contain : to celebrate : to kelan, to cover, to hide.]
consider ; to esteem.v.i. to remain fixed ; to be holstered, hfll'sterd, adj., bearing holsters.
true or unfailing: to continue unbroken or un Holt, holt, n. a wood or woody hill : a hole, or other
subdued : to adhere : to derive right '.Pr.p. place of security, esp. a deep hole in a river,
holding; pa.p. held (obs. hCld'en). [A.S. heal- where there is protection for fish. [Ger. koltz,
dan i old Ger. haltan ; Goth, haldan ; Dan. a wood : conn, with L. silva, Gr. kuli.]
holde, to keep.]Hold of, in Pr. Blc., to regard.
hold, hold, ., act or manner ofholding; seizure ; Holy, ho'li, adj. lit. whole; healthy; perfect in
power of seizing ; something for support : a place aapart moral sense : pure in heart : religious ; set
ofconfinement ; custody : afortified place : a mark JuiI,tosound, a sacred use.adv. hoUly. [A.S. kaiig
in music over a rest or note, indicating that it is holiday, hol'i-da,whole : conn, with Heal, Hail,Whole.]
n. orig. holy-day (which see) : a
to be prolonged. day of amusement,
olden, hOld'n, in B., old Pa.p. of Hold.
holdfast, hOld'fast, *., that which holdsfast; a holiness, ho'li-nes, r.., state ofbeing koly ; religious
goodness ; piety : sanctity : a title of the pope,
long nail : a catch. hollyhock, hoi i-hok, n. a kind of mallow, brought
holding, hold ing, n., anythingheld; tenure ; a farm into Europe from the Holy Land. [Holy, and
held of a superior : hold: influence. hockA.S. kocleaf, W. hocys, mallows.]
Hold, of a ship. See under Hole. holy-day, hO'li-da, ., a holy day ; a religious festi
Hole, hoi, a hollow place; a cavity ; an opening val : a day for Lhe commemoration of some event.
in a solid body : a pit ; a mean habitation : a sub Holy-Ghost, holi-gOst, Holy Spirit, ho'li-spir-it, m., lit.
terfuge : a means of escape.v.i. to form holes tke koly breath; the third person of the Trinity.
in: to drive into a hole.v.i. to go into a hole : [Holy, and A.S.gost; L. spiritus, breath.]
pr.p. holing; pa.p. holed'. [Ger. kohl, hol
low; Dan. kul; Dutch, hoi; AS. hoi, a hole, holy-office, holi-of-is, the koly tribunal; the
Inquisition. [Holy, and Office.]
cavern ; conn, with Gr. koilos, hollow.] Holy-One, ho'li-wun, . the one who is koly, by way
hold, hold, n., tke kollow or interior cavity of a of emphasis ; God ; Christ : one separated to the
ship between the floor and the lower deck, used service of God.
for the cargo. [Dutch, holtehoi, hollow.] hory-orders, fcO'li-or-ders, ., ordination to the rank
hollow, hol'O, adj., having a hole: not solid; con ofminister in holy things ; the Christian minis
taining an empty space ; vacant : sunken ; un try. [Holy, and ordersL. ordino, to appoint
sound : insincere.n. a hole ; a cavity : any de ordo, a rank.]
pression in a body ; any vacuity : a groove ; a holy-rood, hOli-rOod, n., the holy cross, in R.
channel.v.t. to make a hole in; to make hol Catholic churches, over the entrance to the
low by digging ; to excavate '.Pr.p. holTowing ; chancel. [Holy, and roodA.S. rod, a cross.]
Pa.p. holl owed. holy-stone, ho'li-stOn, n. a stone used with sand by
hollow-eyed, hol'6-Td, adj. , having sunken eyes. seamen for cleaning the decks.v.t. to scrub
hollow-hearted, hol'O-hart-ed, adj., having a kol with a holy-stone.
low or untrue heart ; faithless; treacherous, Holy-Thursday, h0'li-thiirz-d3, n. the day on which
hollowneas, hol'O-nes, tke state ofbeing hollow; the ascension of our Saviour is commemorated,
cavity : insincerity ; treachery. ten days holi-waw-ter,
before Whitsuntide,
HoUbnt. See Halibut. holy-water, ., water consecrated by
Holiday, Holiness. See under Holy. the priest for sprinkling persons and things,
{Holland. holy-week, hO'li-wSk,
, hol'and, . a kind of linen first made in kept koly to commemorate n. the week before Easter,
, hol'ands, n. gin made in Holland. our Lord's passion.
Cite, far ; mi, her ; mine ; mOte ; mute ; 235
 holy-writ
holy-writ, holi-rit, ., the holy writings; the
Scriptures.
Homage, hom'aj, n. the submission and service
which a tenant promised to his feudal superior,
in these words, homo vester devenio, I become
your man ; the act of fealty ; respect paid by ex
ternal action : reverence directed to the Supreme
Being: devout affection. [L. homo, a man.]
Home, hOm, n. one's House or country ; place of
constant residence : the seat, as of war.adj.
pertaining to one's dwelling or country; domestic :
close ; severe.adv. to one's habitation or
country: close; closely: to the point. [A.S.
ham; old Sax. hem; Goth, haims. )
home-brad, hom'-bred, adj., bred at home; native ;
domestic : plain ; unpolished.
home-farm, hOm'-farm, n. the farm near the home
or mansion of a gentleman.
home-felt, hom'-felt, adj.,felt in one's own breast;
inward : private.
homeless, hflm'les, adj., without a /tome.n. home'-
leuneu.
homely, hOm'li, adj., pertaining to home ; familiar :
plain : rude.n. homelinen.adv. home'lily.
home-made, hom'-m3d, &dj-, made at home; made
in one's own country ; plain.
home-iick, hora'-sik, adj., sick or grieved at separa
tion from home.n. home'-sickness.
homespun, htJm'spun, adj., spun or wrought at
home ; not made in foreign countries : plain ;
inelegant.n. cloth made at home.
homestall, horn'stawl, homestead, hflm'stcd, n.t the
place of a mansion-house ; -the enclosures im
mediately connected with it : original station.
[Home, and stallA.S. steal, a place; stead-
Dutch, stede, a place.]
homeward, hum'ward, adv., toward home; toward
one's habitation or country.adj. in the direc
tion of home. [Home, and ward, sig. direction.]
homewards, hflm'wardz, adv., toward home.
homeward-bound, hOm'ward-bound, adj., bound or
moving homeward or to one's native land.
Homeopathy, h5-mC-op'a-thi, . lit. similarfeeling
or affection ; the system of curing diseases by
small quantities of those drugs which excite
symptoms similar to those of the disease. [Gr.
fwmoiopatheiahomoios, like, Pathos, feeling.]
homeopathic, ho-me-o-path'ik, adj., of or pertain'
ing to homeopathy.adv. homeopath'lcally.
homeopathist, ho-me-op'.-i-thist, #., one who believes
in or practises homeopathy.
Homer, nO'mer, n. a Hebrew measure containing
as a liquid measure, about a barrels, as a dry
measure, 8 bushels. [Heb. chomer, a heap
c/uimar, to swell up.]
Homeric, hC-mer'ik, adj., pertaining to Homer,
the great poet of Greece ; pertaining to or resem
bling the poetry of Homer.
Homestead. See under Home.
Homicide, hom'i-sTd, . , the act ofkilling a human
being: one who kills another. [Fr. ;L. homi-
cidturnhomo, a man, and cardo, to kill.]
homicidal, hom'i-sTd-a), adj., pertaining to homi-
cuie; murderous; bloody.
Homily, hom'i-H, n., a plain sermon preached to a
mixed assembly ; a serious discourse. [Gr.
homilia, an assembly, a sermonhomos, the
same, and Hi, a crowd.]
homiletlcs, hom-i-let'iks, n. sing, the science which
treats ofhomilies, and the best mode ofpreparing
and delivering them.adjs. bomllet'lc, homUet'ical.
fate, far ; me, her ; mine ;
836
honey-dew
homllist, hom'i-list, n. one who preaches to a con
gregation.
Hominy, hom'i-ni, n. maize hulled, or hulled and
crushed, boiled with water. [American Indian,
auhuminea, parched corn.]
Eommock. hom'uk, n. a hillock or small conical
eminence, [from root cum in L. cumulus, a
swelling, a dim. of Hump.]
Homocentric, hO-mo-sen'trik, adj., having the same
centre. [Fr. homocentrique ; Gr. homokentro*
homos, the same, and kentron, centre.]
homocereaJ, hC-mo-scrTcal, adj. having the upper
fork of the tail similar to the lower one, as the
herring. [Gr. homos, the same, kerkos, tail.]
homoeopathy, &c. See Homeopathy.
homogeneal, hO-mo-ji'ni-al, homogeneous, hO-mo-
ie'ni-us, adj., of the same kind or nature ; hav
ing the constituent elements all similar.ns.
hornoge'neousness, homogeneity. [Gr. homogenis
homos, one, same, and gmos, kind.]
homologate, ho-mol'o-gat, z:t.t to say t/te same; to
agree ; to approve ; to allow :Pr.p. homol'ogat-
ing; Pa.p. hOmol'ogated.n. homologa tion, [low
L. homologo, homologatum, Gr. homologed
homos, the same, and legb\ to say.]
homologous, hd-mol'o-gus, adj., saying the same;
agreeing
proportion,; corresponding in relative position,
value, or structure. [Gr. homologos
homos, the same, and logoslegd, to say.]
homology, ho-mol'o-ji, ., the quality ofbeinghomol
ogous; affinity of structure, and not of form or
use.adj. homolog'lcaL
homonym, hom'o-nim, n.t sameness of name; a
word having the same sound as another, but a
different meaning. [Fr. homonymeGr. hom5*
nymoshomos, the same, and onoma, name.]
homonymous, h&-mon'i-mus, adj., having the same
name; having different significations; ambigu
ous : equivocal.adv. homon'ymously.
homonymy, hO-mon'i-mi, n., sameness of name,
with difference of meaning: ambiguity; equivo
cation. [Fr. homonymieGr. homdnymia.]
homophone, hom'o-fori, n. a letter or character
having the same sound as another. [Gr. homos,
the same, and phdni, sound.]
homophonous, hO-mofo-nus, adj. having the same
sound.n. homoph'ony.
homotype, hom'o-tTp, n. that which has the same
fundamental type of structure with something
else. [Gr. homos, same, typos, type.}
Hone, hfln, . a stone of a fine grit, for sharpening
instruments.v.t. to sharpen as on a hone :
pr.f, hOn'ing ; Pa.p. honed'. [A.S. han; Ice,
hem; prob. allied to Gr. akonl, a whetstone ; W.
hogalenhogi, to sharpen.]
Honest, Honesty, &c. See under Honour.
Honey, hun'i, n. a sweet, thick fluid collected by
bees from the flowers of plants ; anything sweet
like honey.v.t. to sweeten ; to make agreeable :
Pr.p. hon'eying ; Pa.p. hon'eyed fid}. [A.S.
hunig, Ger. hontg. Ice. hunang.]
honey-buzzard, hun'i-buz-zard, . agenus ofbuzzards
or falcons, so called from their feeding on bees,
wasps, &c.
honey-comb, hun'i-kOm, a comb or mass of waxy
cells formed by bees, in which they store their
honey: anything like a honey-comb. [Honey,
and Comb, a hollow cell.]adj. hon'ey-combed
(-kCmd), formed like a honey-comb.]
honey-dew, hun'i-dfl, n., a honey or sweet sub
stance found in small drops like dew on the
mOte ; mute ; mo~On ; then.
 honeyed
leaves 08 plants, either secreted by the plants
themselves or deposited by insects.
honied, huiTid, adj., covered with honey ;
. hunl-mOOn, honey-month, -munth, n.
the honey or sweet moon or month, the first
month after marriage,
honey-mouthed, hun'i-mou/Ad,<*y. havingahoneyed
mouth or speech ; soft or smooth in speech,
honeysuckle, hun'i-suk-1, . a climbing shrub with
beautiful cream-coloured flowers, said to have
been named from the practice of children suck
ing the corolla for the drop of honey or sweet
juice at its base. [A.S. hunig-sucle.]
ttoney-tongued, hun'i-tungd, adj. having a honeyed
tongue or speech ; soft in speech.
Honorary. Sec under Honour.
Honour, on'ur, . the esteem due or paid to worth ;
respect ; high estimation ; veneration, said of
God : that which rightfully attracts esteem ;
exalted rank ; distinction ; excellence of char
acter: nobleness of mind; any special virtue
much esteemed : any mark of esteem ; a title of
respect.//. privileges of rank or birth ; civilities
paid : the four highest cards in card-playing :
academic prizes or distinctions. [L. honor.]
honour, on'ur, v.t. to hold in esteem; to respect:
to adore : to exalt : to accept and pay when
due :fr.p. honouring ; Pa.p. honoured (urd).
[L. konorohonor.]
honorary, on'ur-ar-i, adj., conferring honour : hold
ing a title or office without performing services
or receiving a reward.n. a fee. [L. honor-
ariushonor.]
honourable, on'ur-abl, adj., "worthy of honour;
illustrious : actuated by principles of honour :
conferring honour : becoming men of exalted
station : a title of distinction. [L. honorabilis
honor.]adv. hon'ourably.
honourablesc-ss, on'ur-abl-nes, . , the state ofbeing
honourable ; eminence : conformity to the prin
ciples of honour ; fairness,
honoured, on'urd, adj., treated with honour;
respected : exalted : accepted,
honourleu, on'ur-les, adj., -without honour; not
honoured.
honest, on'est, adj., full of honour; just; frank;
chaste : in B., also, honourable.adv. honestly.
[L. honestushonor.]
honesty, on'es-ti, the state of being honest;
integrity ; candour : in /'. , also, becoming de
portment.
Hood, hood, n. a coveringfor the head ; anything
resembling a hood : an ornamental fold at the
back of an academic gown.v.t. to cover with
a hood ; to blind '.Pr.p. hood'ing ; Pa.p. hood'ed.
[A.S. hod; Ger. hut ; conn, with Head.]
hooded, hood'ed, adj., covered with a hood;
blinded : hood-shaped.
hoodwink, hood'wingk, v.t.y to blind by covering
the eyes as with a hood: to deceive. [Hood, and
Wink.J
Hoot hCof, n. the horny substance which shields
the feet of certain animals, as horses, &c. : a
hoofed animal. [A.S. hof; Gr. ho/lehoplon,
a tool : in pl. any gear, as tackle, shields.]
hoofed, hOOft, adj.,furnished with hoofs.
hooueac, hGOFles, adj., without hoofs.
Hook, hook, n. a piece of metal bent into a curve,
so as to catch or hold anything : a snare : an
instrument for cutting grain. [A.S. hoc, akin to
fate, far ; me, her ; mine ;
hopeless
L. uncut, crooked, and Gr. angkos, a bend-
root, ank, bent.]
hook, hook, v.t. to catch or hold with a hook; to
draw as with a hook : to ensnare.v.t. to bend ;
to be curved :pr.p. hook'ing ; Pa.p. hooked'.
hooked, hookt, adj.,formed like or provided with
a hook or hooks ; curved.n. hookedness.
hooker, hook'er, ., he who or that which hooks.
hooknosed, hook'nGzd, adj., having a hooked or
curved nose.
hooky, hook'i, adj., full ofor pertaining to hooks.
Hookah, hOO'ka, n. a pipe in which the smoke is
made to pass through water. [Hind., Pcrs., and
Ar. hukkah.]
Hoop, hoop, n. a pliant strip of wood or metal
formed into a ring or band, for holding together
the staves of casks, &c. ; something resembling
a hoop ; a ring.in //. elastic materials used to
expand the skirt of a lady's dress.v.t. to bind
with hoops : to encircle '.pr.p. hOOp'ing ; Pa.p.
hooped'. [A.S. hop, a ring or band.]
hooper, hSop'er, n., one who hoops casks ; a
cooper.
Hoop, hOOp, v.t. to call out, same as Whoop,
hooping-cough. See under Whoop.
Hoopoe, hOOp'O, Hoopoo, hOOp'OO, n. a bird with a
large crest on its head, so called from its whoop
or cry. [L. upupa, Gr. epops.]
Hoot, hOOt, v.i., to 7vhoop or cry after in contempt ;
to cry like an owl.v.t. to drive with cries
of contempt '.Pr.p. hODt'ing; Pa.p. hOot'ed..
a scornful cry. [Fr. huer, prov. Fr. houler, to
call ; W. hwt, off with it ! from the sound.]
Hop, hop, v.i. to leap on one leg; to spring: to
walk lame ; to limp '.pr.p. hopp'ing ; pa.p.
hopped'.n. a leap on one leg ; ajump ; a spring.
[A.S. hop'er,
hopper, hoppian.]
., one who hops: a wooden trough
through which grain passes into a mill, so called
from Us hopping or shaking motion : a vessel in
which seed-corn is carried for sowing.
hopple, hop'l, v.t. to tie the feet close together to
prevent hopping or running.n. chiefly in a
fetter for horses, &c. when left to graze.
hop-scotch, hop'-skoch, n. a game in which children
hop over lines scotched or traced on the ground.
Hop, hop, n. a plant with a long twining stalk,
the bittercones ofwhich are much used in brewing
and in medicine.v.t. to mix with hops.v.i. to
gather hops:Pr.p. hopp'ing; Pa.p. hopped'.
[Ger. hopfen; etymology unknown.]
hop-bind, hop'-bTnd, hop-vine, hop'-vln, n. the stalk
or vine to which hops are bound while growing.
Hope, hOp, v.i. orig. to look outfor: to expect : to
cherishadesireofgood with expectation ofobtain
ing it: to place confidence (in).v.t. to desire
with expectation or with belief in the prospect of
obtaining:Pr.p. hOp'ing; Pa.p. hoped'. [A.S.
hopian, Dutch, hopen, Ger. hoffen, perhaps akin,
to Gr. opeud, to look around.]
hope, hOp, . orig. a looking outfor or expectation
of: a desire of some good, with expectation of
obtaining it : confidence ; anticipation : he who
or that which furnishes ground of expectation :
that which is hoped for. [A.S. hopa.]
hopeful, hOp'fool, adj., full of hofc: having quali
ties which excite hope : promising good or suc
cess.n. hope'fulness. adv. hopefully.
hopeless, hop'lcs, adj. , without hope; giving no
ground to expect good or success: desperate.
n. hopelessness.adv. hope'lessly.
mote ; mute ; mOOn ; Men.
237
 Hopper
Hopper, Hopple. See under Hop, to leap.
Horal, Horary. See under Hour.
Horde, h6rd, n. a migratory or wandering tribe or
clan. [Turk. ord&, camp, Pers. brau, court,
camp, horde ofTatars, Hind. urdu, army, camp.]
Eorehound. See under Hoar.
Horizon, ho-rT'zun, n. the circle which bounds the
view where the earth and sky appear to meet.
[Fr.Gr. horizB, to boundhorns, a limit.]
horizontal, hor-i-zon'tal, adj.} pertaining to the
horizon: parallel to the horizon; level: near the
horizon.n. horizontal'!ty.adv. horizon tally.
Horn, horn, n, the hard substance projecting from
the heads of certain animals, as oxen, &c. : some
thing made of, or like a horn : the material of
which horns arc composed : a symbol of strength.
v.t. to furnish with horns. [A.S. horn, YV.
corn, L. comu, Gr. herns.]
hornblll, horn'bil, *. a bird about the size of the
turkey having a homy excrescence on its bill.
hornblende, horn'blcnd, n. a mineral of various
colours, found in granite and other igneous rocks
that contain quartz. [Ger. from horn, horn,
from the shape of its crystals, and blende, blind
ing, dazzling, from its glittering appearance.]
hornbook, horn'book, n. a first book for children,
which formerly consisted of a single leaf set in a
frame with a plate of thin horn in front, instead
of glass, to preserve it
horned, hornd', adj.,furnished with horns ; shaped
like a horn.n. horn'edness.
hornet, hor'net, n. a species of wasp, so called from
its horns. [A.S. hymethorn.]
horn-foot, horn'-foot, adj. having a hoof or horn on
thefoot.
horning, horning, n.,aforming into horns; appear
ance of the moon when in the form of a crescent,
horniah, horn'ish, adj.{ like* horn; hard,
hornless, horales, adj. , without horns.
horn-owl, horn'-owl, horned-owl, hornd'-owl, n. a
species of owl. so called from two tufts offeathers
on its head, like horns.
hornpipe, hon/plp, n. a Welsh musical instrument,
consisting of a wooden pife, with a hom at each
end : a lively air : a lively dance,
bornftone,
but morehorn'ston, n. a and
brittle. [Horn, stoneStone.]
much* like flint,
hornwork, horn'wurk, n. infort. , an outttw* having
angular points or horns, and composed of two
demi-bastions joined by a curtain,
horny, horal, adj., composed of horn or horns;
like horn ; hard : callous.
Horography, ho-rog'ra-fi, n. the art of constructing
dials or instruments for indicating the hours.
[Gr. hdra, an hour, and graphs, to describe.]
horologe, horVloj, n. any instrument for telling the
hours* [L. horologiunt, Gr. hSrelogionhdra,
and logos, a discourselegff, to tell.]
horology, ho-rol'o-ji, n. the science which treats of
the construction of machines for telling the
hours.adj. horoloj'leal.
borometry, ho-rom'ct-ri, n.t the art or practice oj
measuring time. [Gr. hdra, and metron, a
measure.]
horoscope, horVskop, ft. an observation of the
heavens at the hour of a person's birth, by which
the astrologer predicted the events of his life : a
diagram of the heavens for this purpose : the
Eoint of the heavens arising above the eastern
orizon when a prediction is to be made. [Gr.
hdroshoposhdra, and skopeS, to observe.]
fate, far; me", her; mine ;
horse-tail
horoscopy, hor-osTcop-i, n. the art of predicting the
events of a person's life from his horoscope :
aspect of the stars at the time of birth.adj.
horoscop'ic.. horos'coplst, one skilled in horos
copy ; an astrologer.
Horrent, Horrible, Horrid, &c. See under Horror.
Horror, horVur, n. lit. a standing on endas bristles .*
a shuddering : excessive fear : that which excites
horror. [L.Iwrreo, to stand on end-]
horrent, horrent, adj., standingon end. as bristles.
horrible, hor'ri-bl, adj., causing or tending to cause
horror; dreadful ; awful ; terrific.adv. hor
ribly. [L. horribilishorreo.\
horrlbleness, hor'ri-bl-nes, ., the state or quality of
being horrible : dreadfulness ; hideousness.
horrid, hor'rid, adj. orig. bristling: fitted to pro
duce horror; shocking; offensive.adv. horridly.
[L. horridushorrro.']
honidness, hor'rid-ncs, n. the state or quality of
being horrid; hideousness; enormity.
horrify, hor'ri-fT, v.t. to strike with korror:~pr.p.
horrifying ; Pa.p. horrified. [L. horror, and
facio, to make.]
horrific, hor-rifik, adj., exciting horror; frightful.
Horse, hors, it. the animal that neighs, a well-
known quadruped of great use in war, drawing,
and carrying : cavalry : that by which something
is supported.v.t. to mount on a horse ; to pro
vide with a horse ; to sit astride ; to carry on
the back.v.t. to get on horseback :fr.p. hors
ing ; Pa.p. horsed (horsr/). [A.S. hors, old Sax.
hros; Ger. raff, old Ger. hros; Ice. hrossSans.
hresh, to neigh.]
hone-block, hors'-blok, n. a block or stage by which
to mount or dismount from a horse.
horse-boat, hors'-bOt, n. a boat for carrying horses.
hone-breaker, hors -brak-er, horse-tamer, hors -
tam-cr, n. one whose business is to break or
tame horses, or to teach them to draw or carry.
horse-chestnut, hors'-ches-nut, n., a nut, once used
as food for horses; the tree that produces it
[see Chestnut.]
hone-fly, hors'-flT, n. a largefly that stings horses.
horse guards, hors'-g&rdz, n. a body of soldiers
mounted on horses, employed as guards.
horse-hoe, hors'-bo, hone-rake, hors'-rak, &c a hoe,
rake, See. drawn by horses.
horse laugh. See under Hoane.
hone-leech, horsMCch, *. a large species of leech, so
named from its fastening on horses when wading
in the water.
hone-litter, hors'-Iit-er, n. a litter or bed borne
between two horses.
horseman, hors'man, n., a rider on horseback; a
mounted soldier.
horsemanship, hors'man-ship, n. the art of riding,
and of training and managing horses.
hone-power, hors'-pow-er, ., thePower a horse can
exert, or its equivalent = that required to raise
33,000 lbs. avoirdupois one foot per minute; a
standard for estimating the power of steam-
engines.
horse-race, hors'-ras, n., a race by horses.
hors -racing, hors'-ras-ing, n. the practice of racing
or running horses in matches.
hone-radish, hors'-rad-ish, n. a plant, with a pun
gent root, used in med. and as a salad, so named
from a notion of its being wholesome for horses.
horse-shoe, hors'-shOTJ, a shoe for horses, con
sisting ofa curved piece ofiron ; anything shaped
like a horse-shoe.
horse-tail, hors'-tal, *. a genus of leafless plants
; mute ; mCOn; then.
 horse-trainer House
with hollow rash-like stems, so called from their pungent ; animated ; ardent in temper; violent;
passionate; lustful.adv. hotly.n. hot'nots.
likeness to a horse's tail. [AS. hat, Sw. het, Dan. ked.) See Heat,
i-owe-trainer, hors'-tran-er, n, one who trains hot-bad, hot'-bed, *. a glass-covered bed heated
horses forhorsTiwip,
raciug, &c a whipfordrivinghorses, for bringing forward plants rapidly; any place
wewhlp, favourable to rapid growth,
v.t. to strike with a horsewhip ; to lash,
bortatire, hort'a-tiv, Hortatory, hort'a-tor-i, adj., hot-blast, liot'-blast, n. a blast of heated air blown
into a furnace to raise the heat,
inciting: encouraging ; giving advice; [L. hor- hot-blooded, hot'-blud-ed, adj., having hot blood;
titr, kortatus, to incite.] high-spirited ; irritable,
ticulture, hor'ti-kul-tur, n., the art of cultivat hot-headed, hot'-hed-cd, adj. lit. hot in the head;
inggardens. [L. hortus, a garden, and culture.]
. : Mcuitaral, hor-ti-kul tGr-al, adj., pertaining to hothavinghouse,
warm passions ; violent; impetuous,
horMious, n., a house kept hot for the
the culture ofgardens, rearing of tender plants,
h irticttltnriit, nor-ti-kul'tur-ist, n., one versed in hot-press, hot'-pres, v.t., topress paper, &c. between
the art ofcultivating gardens. /tot plates to produce a glossy_ surface,
IT.XHtiot, h(5-zan'na, n. lit. save, I fray thee: an hotspur, hot'spur, n. one pressing his steed with
exclamation of praise to God, or a prayer for spurs as in hot haste ; a violent, rash man.
blessings. [Gr. hdsannaHeb. hoshiahnna Hotchpot, hoch'pot, Hotchpotch, hoch'poch, Hodge*
hoshia, to save, and na, I pray thee.] podge, hoj'pop, . a confused mass of ingredients
Sm, hoz, n,, a covering for the legs or feet ; stock
ings ; socks : a flexible pipe for conveying fluids, shaken or mixed together in the same pot. [Fr.
hochepothocher, to shake, and pot, a pot]
v> called from its shape, [low L., old Ger, hosa; Hotel. See under I
W. hos; A.S. hosehyd-an, to cover.] Hottentot, hot'n-tot, n. a native of the Cape of
b'.un, hoVn, in B., old plural of Hom. Good Hope : a brutish individual. [Dutch,
aftider, hO'zhi-er, n., one -who deals in hosef or because the language of the S. Africans seemed
stockings and socks, &c. to the first Dutch settlers to sound like this,
nnsJery, hO'zhi-er-i, ., hose in general. from the prevalence of the syllables, hot and
3neplce, hos'pes, n. an Alpine convent where tot.)
:ravellers are treated as guests. [Fr., from L. Houdah, Howdah, hoVda, n. a seat to be fixed on
fospitiumhospes, a stranger who is treated as an elephant's back. [Hind, and Ar. haudak.)
j. guest, one who treats another as his guest]
Meltable, hos'pit-abl, adj., pertaining to a host Hough, hok, Hock, hok, n. lit the heel; the joint
on the hind-leg ofa quadruped, between the knee
or guest; entertaining strangers kindly and and
\*>ithout reward ; shewing kindness.n. hos'plt- man ; in man,corresponding
fetlock, to the ankle-joint in
the back part of the knee-joint
uUenesu.adv. hos'piUbly. v.t. to hamstring :pr.p. hough'ing; Pa.p,
BofffttaJ, hos'pit-al, or os', n. orig. a placefor the houghed (hoktO. [AS. hoh, the
entertainment ofstrangers orguests : a building hocUe, hok'l, v.t. to hamstring. heeL]
lor the reception and treatment of the old or the Houk't. See Howlet.
k, or for the education of the young,
.uiity, hos-pi-tal'it-i, n., the practice of one Hound, hound, n. orig. the dog generally; a dog
who is hospitable ; kindness to strangers. used in hunting.v.t. to set on in chase: tohunt;
' 3;;'taller, hos'pit-al-er, n. one of an order ofmonks to urge on :Prp. hounding ; pa.p. hound'ed.
whose duty it was to relieve the stranger, &c. : [A.S. hund: akin to Gr. hu3nt kunos, L, canisr
one of an order of knights who built a hospital Sans, cvan.]
for pilgrims at Jerusalem in 1042. hound fiah, same as dog-flsh.
bcurt, host, n. one who entertains a stranger or hound's-tongue, houndV-tung, n. a plant, so called
guest at his house without reward ; an innkeeper. from the shape of its leaves. [A.S. hundestunge.)
fern, hort'aas. [old Fr. hosteL. hospes.) Hour, our, r orig. a definite space oftimefixed by
haetUr, osier, or hos', n. orig. one who kept a house natural jfkfvs; 60 min. or the 24th part of a
for strangers: he who has the care of horses at day ; the, time indicated by a clock, &c. : a time
m inn. [old Fr. hosteller*hostel1,. hospes.] or occasion.//, in myth., the goddesses of the
ht4m\ ho-telj n. a superior house for the accommo- : -."Lsons and the hours : in the R. Cath, Church,
lition of strangers; an inn: in France, a prayers to be said at certain hours. [ L. ; ( \r. hdra.\
palace, [old Fr. hostelL. hasjHtalia, gucst- hourly, our'li, adj. happening or done every hour;
ohacibers-hospes. ] frequentadv. every hour; frequently,
testy hflst, n. orig. an enemy: an army: a large /,hoVal, adj., relating to an hour.
iiiultitude. [old Fr. hostL. hostis, an enemy.] ing thehfir'ar-i, adj., pertaining to an hour: not
ge, hos'taj, n. , one remaining with the enemy hour-glass,hours : hourly ; continuing an hour,
our'-glas, n. an instrument for measur
. :- a pledge for the fulfilment of the conditions ing the hours by the running of sand from one
d a treaty, [low h. hostagiusL. hostis, Fr.
glass vessel into another,
Mage, L. obsidaticusobses, obsidis, a hostage.] hour-plate,
d stUe, hos'til, ^ adj., bekmging to an enemy: our'-plat, n. the plate of a timepiece on
shewing enmity; warlike; adverse.adz: hos/- which the hours are marked ; the dial.
UWy. [L. hostilishostis.) Houri, hou'ri, . a nymph of the Mohammedan
. ity, hos-tiftt-i, state of being hostile; paradise. [Ar. hurtahwar, beautiful-eyed.]
T.mity.pi. hostlrttlei, acts of warfare, House, hous, n. anything for covering or protecting ;
.fo*;, h<5st, n. lit. the one struck^ a victim ; in the* a dwelling-place ; an inn : household affairs : a
\ R. Catholic Church, the sacrifice of the mass, family; kindred: a trading establishment: one
or the consecrated bread of the Eucharist. [Fr. of the estates of the legislature : in astral., the
kzttkL. hoslia, a victimhostio, to strike.] twelfth part of the heavens.v.t. to protect by
hot, adj., having heat; very warm: fiery; covering; to shelter; to store.v.t. to take
Ate, far; me, her; mTne; mOte ; mate; mCDn; Men. 239
 house-breaker Hug
shelter : toreside :pr.p. hous'ing ; Pa.p. housed'. Howl, howl, v.i., to yell or cry, as a wolf or dog :
[W. kws, a covering ; A.S., Goth, hus, Ger. Itaus to utter a long, loud, whining sound ; to wail ;
kitten, to cover ; akin to L. casa, the protecting to roar.v.t. to utter with outcry :Pr.p. howl'-
thing, a cottage, Heb. kas-ak, to cover.] ing ; Pa.p. howled'.. a loud, prolonged cry of
house-breaker, hous'-brak-er, n. one who breaks distress ; a mournful cry. [Fr. huller; Ger.
open and enters a house by day for the purpose heulen ; Dutch, huilen ; A.S. giellan ; L. ululo;
of stealing. Gr. hulad, and ololuzd, from the sound.]
house-breaking, hous'-brak-ing, n. the breaking open Howlet, Houlet, howlet, n., a little owl; an owlet.
and entering a Jtouse by day for the purpose of [See Owl.]
stealing.
household, housTiOld, n. those who hold together, Howsoever. See under How.
and, dwelling in the same house, compose a Hoy, hoi, n. a large one-decked boat, commonly
family.adj. pertaining to the house and family. Hoy, hoi, int.,sloop.
rigged as a [Sw., Dan. hoy.]
ho I stop I [from the sound.]
householder, housnOld-er, n. the holder or tenant Hub, hub, n. the projecting nave of a wheel : a
of a house.housTcep-er, n. formerly, one who occu
housekeeper, projection on a wheel for the insertion of a pin :
pied a house; a female servant who keeps or has the hilt of a weapon : a mark at which quoits,
&c are cast, [a form of Hob.]
the chief care of the house.
housekeeping, housTtep-ing, n. the keeping or Hubble-bubble, hub'l-bubl, n. a tobacco-pipe, used
management of a house or of domestic affairs ; in the E. Indies, generally consisting of a cocoa-
hospitality.adj. domestic. nut shell, with a pipe-bowl inserted at one part
houseless, housles, adj., without a house or home ; and a reed at another. The shell contains water,
having no shelter. which makes a bubbling sound as the smoke
noose-mild, hous'-mad, n., a maidoT female servant passes through it ; hence its name.
employed to keep a house clean, &C. Hubbub, hub'bub, n. a confused sound of many
house-steward, hous'-stfl-ard, ft., a steward who voices ; riot ; uproar, [either from the repetition
manages the household affairs of a great family. of hoop, whoop, or in imitation of the confused
house surgeon, hous'-sur-jun, . the surgeon or noise ofnumerous voices, Uke mur-murin Latin.]
medical officer in a hospital who resides in the Huckaback, hulcVbak, . a coarse variety of table
house. linen, having raised figures on it. [ ? ]
house-warming, hous/-wawrm-ing, , an entertain Huckle, huk'l, ., a hunch; the hip. [Ger. hScker,
ment given when a family enters a new house, as any unevenness, a hunch; allied to hock, high.]
if to warm it.
housewife, hous'wlf, the wife ofa house-holder ; huckle-backed,
shol'derd,
hukl-bakt, buck-shouldered, nuk-
adj., having the back or shoulders
a female domestic manager.adv. house wifely. round like a hunch.
housewife, huz'if, n. a small case for articles of huckle-bone, huk'l-bOn, n., the hip-bone. m
female work, orig. for the use of the housewife.
housewifery, hous'wlf-ri, business ofa housewife, Huckster, huk'ster, n. lit. a dealer who carries his
hussy, huz'i, n. contr. of housewife ; a worthless a mean, trickish fellow.fern, huck'streas.v.i. to;
wares on his back; a retailer ofsmall articles, &c.
female.
housing, houz'ing, n. an ornamental covering for a deal in small articles. [Ger. kd*cker, Dutch huc-
kerhocken, to take on one's back.] See Hawker.
horse; a saddle-cloth.//, the trappings of a Huddle, hudl, v.L to put up things in a hurried
horse. [Fr. housse; W. hws, a covering.) manner; to hurry in disorder; to crowd.v.t.
Hove, pa- p. of Heave. to throw or crowd together in confusion ; to put on
Hovel, huvel, n., a smallor mean dwelling; ashed. hastily :pr.p. huddling ; pa.p. huddled..
v. t. to put in a hovel : to shelter :-pr.p. hovel a crowd; tumult; confusion. [Ger. hudeln,
ling; pa.p. hovelled. [A.S. hofel, dim. of hoft a Swabian, kudlen, to hurry over.]
dwelling.]
Hover, huVer, v.i., to hang over os^ about ; to Hudibrastic, Hudibras,
hQ-di-bras'tik, adj. similar in style to
a satire by Butler, 161280; doggerel.
remain aloft flapping the wings : o wait in Hue, hQ, ., show; appearance ; colour ; tint ; dye.
suspense : to move about near :pr.p. h jeering ; [A.S. hiw, hiew, heowheawan, to shew.]
pa.p. holered. [W. hqfian, to hang over.] hueless, hu'les, adj., without hue or colour.
Bow, how, adv., in what manner ; to what extent ; Hue, hQ, n. a shouting.Hue and
for what reason ; by what means ; from what practice ofpursuing felons with loudcry, the ol
kooting r
cause; in what condition : in New Test., some
times = that. [A.S. hu, hwu, from the relative Huff, huf, a heaving or swell of sudden arcr
crying. [Fr. kuer, W, hwa, to hoot, and
hwatt, what, wha, who, as L. gut, how, from arrogance ; a fit of disappointment or ar it
guis, who.] boaster.v.t. to swell ; to bully ; to rr *
howbeit, how-be'it, conj., be it how it may; not man from the board, who has not been cr
withstanding ; yet ; however. pieces open to him, as in draughts.v.i. t *
however, how-ei/cr, conj. in whatever manner or to bluster :Pr.p. hufFing ; Pa.p. huffed j-T
degree ; nevertheless ; at all events. [How, ever.] root of Heave.]
howsoever, how-sO-cVer, adv., in what way soever; huffish, huf'ish, adj., given to huff; insolent ;
although ; however, gant.adv. huffishly.n. hufflshness.
Howdah. See Houd&h. huffy, huf i, adj., given to huff; puffed up ; j
Howltr, how'its, Howitzer, how^ts-er, ft, a short, Lint.71. huff Iness.
light cannon, used for throwingshells. [Ger. hau- hug, v.t. lit. to hedge in ; to hold closely wh 1
httze, orig. haufnitzBohcm. haufnice, a sling.] Hug, the arm; to embrace closely and fondly:
Howker, howTcer, n. a Dutch vessel with two masts ; congratulate [one's self) : to keep close
a fishing-boat with one mast used on the Irish (naui.)v.i. to crowd together :pr.p. hugg ^*-
coast. [Dutch, hoeker.] pa.p. hugged'.n. a close and fond embra P
fate, far ; me", her ; mine ; mote ; mate ; mSOn ; then.
s
 Huge Humus
nicular gripe in wrestling;. [A.S. hegian, to low; meek; modest.v.t. to bring down to the
ge in ; Ger. hegen, to protect.] ground ; to lower : to mortify ; to degrade :
Hogs, huj, adj. (comp. hag'er; super!, hug'est' pr.p. hum'bling: Pa.p. hum'bled.n. hunr*ble-
having great dimensions, especially height ; ness.adv. humus,
humbly. [Fr.L. humilis, low
the ground.]
enormous; monstrous: in B., large in number.
* adv. hugely- huge'nes*. [old E. hangs; humiliate, hQ-mil'i-at, v.t., to make humble; to
depress ; to lower in condition ;~pr.f. humU'i-
Dutch, hoog; Ger. koch, high.] Sting; Pa.p. hQmil'iated. [L. humilio, -Atum.\
Hoik, hulk, n. orig. a large merchant-ship .* the humiliation, hQ-miI-i-5'shun, >:., the act of humili
body of a ship ; an old ship unfit for serticc : ating; abasement
anything unwieldy,^tf. The hoiks, old ships used humility, hu-miTi-ti, ; mortification.
as prisons, [old Dutch, hulcke, a ship of burden ; humble ; lowliness the stale or qualify ofbeing
of mind ; modesty. [Fr.
Fr. hourque; It. oka, orca, a great ship; Gr. humiliM, L. humilitas.]
holkas, a ship which is towedhelko, to draw.]
Roll, hul, the husk or outer covering of any Humble-bee, hum'bl-b, n.f the humming-bee; a
thing.v.t. to strip off the hull; to husk: genus of social bees which construct their hives
Pr.p. hull'ing ; pa.p. hulled'. [A.S. hule, a husk, Humbug, Humdrum.[from
under ground, their humming sound.]
See under Ham.
as of cornhelan, to cover : \V. hul; Ger. hUlte,
a coveringkiillen, to cover.] HumecUut, &c. See under Humid.
bully, hul'i, adj., having husks or pods. Humeral, hu'mer-al, adj., belonging to the shoulder.
Hull, hul, . the frame or body of a ship.v.t. to [Fr.L. humerus, the shoulder.]
pierce the hull (as with a cannon-ban).v.i. to Humhum, huranum, n. a kind of plain, coarse
float or drive on the water, as a mere hull :pr.p, cotton cloth used in . Indies. [ ?]
hull'tng; pa.p. hulled', [from root of Hold, of a Humic. See under Humus.
ship.]
Earn, hum, v.i., to make a buzzingsound like bees: Humid, humid, adj., moist; damp ; rather wetn.
hn'mldness. [L. humidushumeo, to be moist.]
to utter a low, droning sound ; to supply an humidity,
interval in speaking by an audible sound.v.i. moisturehQ-mid'i-ti, it., state of being humid;
; a moderate degree of wetness.
to sing in a low tone \pr.p. humming ; /a,/, humour, Q'mur, n. the moisture or fluids of animal
hummed'.n. the noise of bees and some other bodies ; an animal fluid
insects : any low, dull noise.int. a sound with state of mind (because oncein thought an unhealthy state :
to depend on
a pause implying doubt. [Ger. hummen, hum- the humours of the body) ; disposition ; caprice :
sen ; Dutch, hommeten ; L. bombio ; Gr. bombs, a mental quality which delights in ludicrous and
to buzz ; from the sound.] mirthful ideas.v.t. to go in with the humour
humbug, hunVbug, an imposition under fair of; to gratify by compliance '.pr.p. hu'mouring
pretences ; one who so imposes.v.t. to deceive ; pa.p. humoured. [L. humorhumeo, to be;
tohoax \pr.p. hunVbugging ; Pa.p. hum'bugged. moist.]
[perh. from Hum, and Bug, a frightful object humoral, Q'mur-al, adj., pertaining to or proceed
Approbation in public places was formerly ex ing from the humours.
pressed by humming, which came to mean in low humorallsm, u'mur-al-izm, n., the state of being
E. Mattering and deceiving.]
hum'drum, adj., in a humming and humoral; seat in the
the doctrine that diseases have their
humours.n. hu'moralist, one who
ting way; dull; droning.n. a stupid favours the doctrine of humoralism.
fellow, [contr. of humming and drumming. ] humectant, hu-mek'tant, adj. (pertaining to
humming-bird, hum'ing-berd, n. a tropical bird, of remedies supposed to increase the fluidity of
brilliant plumage and rapid flight, so called from the blood. [L. humectanshumeo, to be moist.]
the humming sound of its wings. humective, hO-mek'tiv, adj., having the power to
Human, human, adj., belonging or pertaining to moisten.
man or mankind; having the qualities of a man. humorist, u'mur-ist, n., one who has humour or a
adv. hu'mauly. [L. humanushomo, a human playful fancy,
being; akin to Sans, root bhu, to be.] humorless, Crmur-les, adj. , without humour.
humane, hu-m3n', adj., having thefeelings proper humorous, Q'mur-us, adj., governed by humour;
to man; kind ; tender ; merciful.-adv. humane ly. capricious ; irregular : full of humour ; exciting
laughter.adv. hn'morotuly.n. hu'morousness.
"humane:hu'man-Tz, v.t., toto become
to soften.v.i. render human or
humane or ite, &c. See under Humble.
Sec Humus.
civilised \Pr.p. hu'manlsing ; pa.p. hu manlsed. See under Hun.
t. humanlu tion.
oaist, hu'man-ist, n. a student in humanities, hum'uk, same as Hommock.
'~ "if>olite literature ; a student of human nature, mmt, hump, ., a swelling; a lump or hunch upon
onity, hii-man'it-i, k., the nature peculiar to the back. [Dutch, hemp; L. umbo, the navel,
' human being : the kind feelings of man ; bene- any convex protuberance ; akin to Gr. omphalos,
jlence; tenderness: mankind collectively. navel, Sans, nabhinabh, to swell : or it may be
i pi. human'ities, in Scotland, grammar, rhetoric, a nasalised form of Hob, a protuberance, allied to
Latin, Greek, and poetry so called from their
: humanising effects.Profenor of Humanity, in hunch : a persont, witha back with a hump or
a humpback.adj.
Scotch universities, the professor of Latin. [L.
'* humanitashumanus. ] hump backed, having a humpback.
unmaultartan, hu-man-i-tii'ri-an, n. one who denies
* Christ's divinity, and holds him to be a mere man. Hnmus, hum'us, Humine, hflm'in, n. lit the ground,
soil; a brown or black powder in rich soils, formed
jmankind, hu'man-klnd, ., the human species. by the action ofair on animal or vegetable matter.
table, hunVbl, unVbl, adj., near the ground; [L., akin to Gr. chamai, on tho ground.]
fate, far; mfi, her; mine; mOte; mute ; moon; Men.
241
 humlo
hamic, hflmlk, adj. denoting an acid formed by
the action of alkalies on humus.
Hunch, hunsh, *. lit. anything raised; a hump,
esp. on the back. [Ger. hucke, back : lurcher,
hump, akin to hoch, high.]hunch'baek, n. one
with a hunch or hump on his back.hunch'-
backed, adj. having a humpback.
Hundred, hun'dred, ., the number of ten times ten ;
a division of a county in England, orig. supposed
to contain a hundred families. [Ger. hundert.
Ice. hundradrad, reckoning, number, and A.S.,
Goth, hund, old Ger. chuma, h. centum, Gr.
hekaton. Sans, cata, a hundred.]
hundredfold, hun'dred-fuld, adj.tfolded a hundred
times, multiplied by a hundred.
hundredth, hun'dred/A, adj. coming last or forming
one ofa hundred.. one of a hundred.
hundredweight, hun'dred-w5t, n. a weight the twen
tieth part of a ton, or 112 lbs. avoirdupois, orig.
a hundred lbs., abbreviated cwt.
Hung, past tens* and pastparticiple of Hang.
Hunger, hung'ger, n., a strong or eager desire;
desire of food.v.i. to long for ; to crave food :
pr.p. hun'gering ; Pa.p. hungered. [AS.,
Ger. hungerGoth, huggrjan, to hunger.]
huogerbitten, hung'ger-birn, adj., bitten, pained,
or weakened by hunger.
hungry, hung'gn, adj., feeling hunger; having
eagerdesire ; greedy ; lean ; poor.adv. hun'grlly.
Hunt, hunt, v.t., to search for with hounds; to
chase wild animals for prey or sport; to search
for; to pursue.v.i. to go out in pursuit of
fame ; to search :fir.p. hunting ; Pa.p. hunt/ed.
n. a chase of wild animals ; search ; an asso
ciation ofhuntsmen.Hunt out, up, after, to search
for, seek.Hunt down, to destroy by persecution
or violence. [A.S. huntian, old Ger. hunten
Ger., Ice. hund, Gr. kubn, kunos, Sans, (una, a
hound.]
hunter, hunt'er, ., one who hunts ; a horse used
in the chase.-fern, huntress.
hunting-teat, hunting-set, hunting-box, hunt'ing-
boks, n. a temporary residencefor hunting.
huntsman, hunts'man, n., one who hunts; the ser
vant who manages the hounds and the chase.
huntsmanahlp, huntsman-ship, ., the qualifications
ofa huntsman.
Hurdle, hurMl, n. a frame of twigs or sticks inter
laced : in agri., a movable frame of timber or'
iron for gatess &c.v.t. to enclose with hurdles :
Pr.p. hur'dling; pa.p. hur'dlcd. [A.S. hyrdel,
Ger. hurde : Ice. hurd, a door, a wicker-gate ;
Swiss, horn, a pole, Fr. hard, hart, a withe.]
Hurdy-gurdy, hur'di-gur'di, n. a musical stringed-
instrument, like a rude violin, the notes of which
are produced by the friction of a wheel, [prob.
from its sound.]
Hurl, hurl, v.i., to make a noise by whirling; to
move rapidly; to whirl.v.t. to throw with vio
lence ; to utter with vehemence '.pr.p. hurling ;
Pa.p. hurled'.. act of hurling, tumult, con
fusion.n. hurl'er. [prov. E. hurr, a toy which
makes a whirring noise by a revolving disc ;
Ger. hurr, a whirring sound ; Sw. hurra
(omkn'ng), to whirl round ; akin to Whirl.]
hurly-burly, hurli-burli, ., tumult; confusion.
[Hurl, tumult, prov. sZ.burley, crowd, confusion,
imitative words.]
Hurrah, hoor-ra', int. an exclamation of excitement
or joy. [Ger. hurrah, Dan. hurra.)
Hurricane, hur'ri-kan, n. a storm with extreme
fate, far ; me", her ; mine ;
Hut
violence and sudden changes of the wind,
common in the E. and VV. Indies. [Sp. hura-
can ; from an American-Indian word, prob.
imitative of the rushing of the wind.]
Hurry, hur'ri,./. lit to whirl; to urge forward; to
hasten.v.i. to move or act with haste '.Pr.p.
hurVying ; Pa.p. huKried.n. a driving forward ;
haste; tumult.adv. hur'ryingly. [Ger. hurtig9
quick, old Ger. hursc, quick, hurscjan, to hasten :
from the sound of rapid whirling through the air.]
Hurt, hurt, v.t. lit. and orig. to strike or dash
against; to cause bodily pain to ; to injure ; to
damage : to wound, as the feelings ; to grieve :
p>r.p. hurting; pad. and pa.p. hurt.n. a
wound ; injury. [AS. hyrt, wounded ; Fr.
heurter. It. urtart, to knock, to run against:
W. hwrdd, a thrust, kyrddu, to push, to drive.]
hurtful, hurt'fool, adj., causing hurt or loss; mis
chievous.adv. hurt'fully.n. hurt'fulneas.
hurtless, hurtles, adj., without hurt or injury;
harmless.adv. hurt'lcMly.n. hurt'lettness.
Husband, huz'bnml, n. lit. the master of a house,
the male head of a household ; a married man :
in B., a man to whom a woman is betrothed;
one who manages affairs with prudence : naut.,
the owner of a ship who manages its concerns
in person.v.t. to supply with a husband; to
manage with economy:pr.p. husbanding ; Pa.p.
husljanded. [old E. husbonde, A.S. kusoonda
hus, a house, and Ice. buandi, the possessor
of a farmIce. Sua, Ger. batten, to till.]
husbimdman, husband-man, n. a working farmer;
one who labours in tillage.
husbandry, huz'band-ri, n., the business ofafarmer;
tillage : economical management ; thrift
Hush, hush, int. or imp. silence ! be still !adj.
silent ; quietv.t. to make quiet '.pr.p. hush
ing ; Pa.p. hushed', [from the sound.]
hush-money, hush'-mun-i, n., money given as a bribe
to hush or make one keep silent
Husk, husk, *. the dry, thin covering of certain
fruits and seeds.v. t. to remove the husks from :
Pr.p. husking ; Pa.p- husked'. [Ger. hulschen,
dim. of hulse, akin to hUlle, a covering, and
hehlen, A.S. helan, to hide, to cover.]
husked, huskr*, adj., covered with a husk; stripped
of husks.
husking, husking, n. the stripping ofhusks.
husky, husk'i, adj., abounding with, consisting of,
or resembling husks : rough in sound ; not clear,
as the voice.adv. husk'lly.n. huak'mes*.
Hussar, hooz-zaV, . lit. a twentieth man; orig. a
soldier of the national cavalry of Hungary ; a
light-armed cavalry soldier. [Ger. husar, Hun.
huszarhusz, twenty, because at one time in
Hungary one cavalry soldier used to be levied
from every twenty families.]
Hussy. See under House.
Hustings, hus'tingz, n.sing. lit a house or muni
cipal court; the principal court of the City of
London : the booths where the votes are taken
at an election of a M.P., or the platform from
which the candidates give their addresses. [AS.
hustingehus, house, and Ice. thing, Dan.
ting, court ofjustice.]
Hustle, husl, v.t, to shake or push together; to
crowd with violence '.pr.p. bust/ling ; Pa.p.
hustled. [Dutch, hutsen, kutseln, to shake to
and fro ; Ice. huste, to rock, to swing.]
Hut, hut, n. lit a covered place; a small house:
mil., a small temporary dwelling.v.t., mil., to
mote ; mute ; mSOn ; thea.
 Hutch
place in huts, as quarters :pr.p. hutting ; pap-
hutted. [Ger. hatte, Dan. hytte, Sw. hvdda
old Ger. hudan, to cover : pcrh. conn, with Hide.]
Hatch, huch, ., a box, a chest; a coop for rabbits.
[A.S. hwa-cce, a chest; Fr. kttcke, a chest, a
trough ; Dutch, hok, a pen for animals ; Ice.
kokk, a small apartment.]
Huzza, hooz-za', int. and ., kurrakl a shout of
joy or approbation.v.t. to attend with shouts
of joy.v.i. to utter shouts of joy or acclama
tion \Pr.p. huzza ing ; Pa.p. huzzaed (-rad'J.
[Ger. hussah ; the same as Hurrah.]
Hyacinth, hi'a-sinth, n. in myth., a flower which
sprang from the blood of Hyakinthos [Gr.], a
youth killed by Apollo with a quoit ; a bulbous-
rooted flower of a great variety of colours.
hyacinthine, hT-a-sinth'in, adj., consisting of ox re
sembling hyacinth,
Hyads, hfadz, Hyade*. hTVdez, n. a cluster of stars
in the constellation of the Bull, supposed by the
ancients to bring rain when they rose with the
sun. [Gr. hyadeshyein, to rain.]
Hyxna. See Hyena.
Hyaline, hfa-lin, ad/., glassy; consisting of or like
glass. [Gr. hyalinoshyalos, glass, probably an
.Egyptian word meaning a transparent stone.]
Hybrid, hltjrid, n. lit. something unnatural, as an
animal or plant produced from two different
species ; a mongrel ; a mule. [L. hybrida, law
less, unnaturalGr. hybrizd, to outrage, insult.]
Jjybrid, hlHjrid, hybridous, hib'rid-us, adj. produced
from different species ; mongrel,
hybridism, bYbrid-izm, hybridlty, hib-rid'i-ti,
state ofbeing hybrid.
Hydra, hi'dra, n. in myth., a water-serpent with
many heads, which when cut off were succeeded
by others ; any manifold evil : a genus of fresh
water polypesremarkable for theirpower of being
multiplied by being cut or divided. [L., Gr.
hydrahydSr, water.]
hydrangea, hl-dran'je-a, n. lit the water-vessel; a
genus of shrubby plants with large heads of
showy flowers, remarkable for their absorption
of water, natives of China and Japan. [Gr.
hyddr, water, and angeion, vessel.]
hydrant, hfdrant, . a machine for discharging
water; a water-plug. [Gr. hydrainS, to water
hyddr, water.]
hydraulic, hT-drawrik, hydraullcal, hT-drawftk-al,
adj. lit. belonging to a water-organ ; relating to
water, in motion ; conveying water ; worked by
water.adv. hydraul'lcally. [Gr. hydruulikos
hydraulis, a water-organ, from hyddr, water,
auU, a pipe.]
hydraulics, hl-drawl'iks, n.sing., the science relating
to the action offluids in motion.
hydrodynamics, hT-^dro-dt-nam'iks, n., the science re
lating to the dynamics or force of water, [Gr.
hyddr, water, and dynamics.]
hydrodynainic, hl-dro-dl-nam'ik, hydrodynamical,
M-drO-dT-nam'ik-al, adj., pertaining to the
dynamics orforce ofwater.
hydrogen, hT'dro-jen, n. a gas which in combination
with oxygen produces water, an elementary
gaseous substance, the lightest ofall known bodies,
and very inflammable. [Fr. hydrazine, Gr.
hyddr, water, and gennad, to produce.)
hydrogenous, hi-droj'en-us, adj. , pertaining to hy
drogen. ht-drog'ra-fi, n. the art of measuring
hydrography,
and describing the size and position of waters
fate, far ; me, her ; mine ;
Hypallage
or seas ; the art of making sea-charts.adjs.
hydrograph'ic, hydrographical.adv. hydrograph'-
lcally. [Gr. hyddr, water, graphs, to write.]
hydrographer, hl-drog'ra-fer, a describer of
waters or seas ; a maker of sea-charts.
hydrology, hl-drol'o-ji, n., the science which treats
ofwater. [Gr. hyddr, water, logos, a discourse.]
hydrometer, hl-drom'et-cr, n. an instrument for
measuring the specific gravity ofliquids, also the
strength ofspirituous liquors.adjs. hydromet'ric,
hydromet'rlcaX [Gr. hyddr, metron, a measure.]
hydropathy, hT-drop'a-thi, n. the treatment of dis
ease by cold water.adjs. hydropath'le, hydro-
path'lcaL<nzV. hydropathlcally. [Gr. hyddr,
water, and pathos, suffering, from pascho,
pathein, to suffer.]
hydropathist, hl-drop'a-thist, n., one who practises
hydropathy.
hydrophobia, hl-dro-fft'bi-a, n. an unnatural dread
ofwater, a symptom of a disease resulting from
the bite of a mad animal, hence the disease itself.
adj. hydrophobic. [Gr. hyddr, water, and
Phobos, fear.]
hydropsy, hl'drop-st, same as Dropsy.
hydrostatics, hi-dro-stat'iks, n.sing. the science
of fluids, especially water, when at rest.adjs,
hydrostatic, hydrostatics!.adv. hydrostaticaUy.
[Gr. hyddr, water, and statikossta, root of
histlmi, to cause to stand.]
Hyemal, hT-C'mal, adj., belonging to winter; done
during winter. [L. hiemaltshiems, winter.]
See Hibernal.
Hyena, h7-'na, n. an untamable, bristly-maned
quadruped of the dog kind, so "named from its
likeness to the sow. [L., Gr. hyaina, a sow.]
Hygeian, hT-je'an, adj., relating to health and its
preservation. [Gr. hygieia, health, the goddess
of health, hygiis, healthyroot hug, Sans, ttg,
L. veg,hfji-n,
vig,] hygienics, hl-ji-enlks, hygienism,
hygiene,
hlji-en-izm, ., the science which treats of tha
preservation ofhealth.adj. hygienic. [Fr.]
hygienlst, hi'ji-en-ist, n., one skilled in hygiene.
Hygrometer, hT-grom'et-er, n. an instrument for
measuring the moisture in the atmosphere. [Gr.
hygros, wet, metron, a measure.]
bygrometry, hT-grom'et-ri, the art ofmeasuring
the moisture in the atmosphere, and of bodies
generally.adjs. hygromet'rlc, hygromet'rlcaL
hygroscope, hfgro-skOp, n. an instrumentfor shew
ing the moisture in the atmosphere.-adj. hygro-
scopie. [Gr. hygros, wet, skoj>ed, to view.]
Hymen, hl'men, n. in myth., the god of marriage:
marriage.adjs. hymeneal, hymene an. [L., Gr.
hymln, perh. from root hu in L. suo, to connect.]
Hymn, him, n., a song; a festive ode usually in
praise of gods or heroes; a religious song.v.t.
to celebrate in song ; to worship by hymns.v.i.
to sing in praise or adoration 'Pr-P- hymn'ing ;
pa.p. hymned'. [L. hymnus, Gr. nymnos.]
hymnlc, him'nik, adj., relating to hymns.
bymnology, him-nol'o-ji, n., the science which treats
ofhymns ; a collection of hymns. [Gr. hymnos,
a hymn, logos, a discourse.] one skilled in hym-
hymnologlst, him-nol'o-jiat,
nology ; a writer of hymns.
Hypallage, hi-pal'a-je, an interchange ; in rhe
toric, a figure in which the attributes of a subject
are transferred to another. [Fr., L., and Gr.,
from kypallassd, to interchange^/^, under,
and aliased, to change.]
mOte ; mute ; mOUn ; Men.
43
 Hyperbaton ice-field
Hyperbaton, hT-p4r/ba-ton, n., a going beyond or debtor's possession. [L. hypoiheca, Gr. hypo>-
transposition ; a rhetorical figure by which theki, a pledge.]
words are transposed from their natural order. hypothecate, hl-poth'e-lcat, v.t., to place or assign
[Gr., from hyPerbainJhyper, beyond, and anything as security under an arrangement ; to
baind, to go.] mortgage.. hypotheca'tion. [low L. hypotheco,
hyperbola, hi-per'bo-la, . lit. a throwing beyond; hypothecatum'hyPotheca, a pledge, from Gr.
in gcom., one of the conic sections or curves hypothikihypo, under, tithimi, to place.]
formed when the intersecting plane makes a hypothesis, hl-poth'e-sis, . lit. that -which isplaced
greater angle with the base than the side of the under; the foundation of an argument ; a sup
cone makes.adjs. hyperbol ic, hyperbolical position ; a theory assumed to explain what is
adv. hyperbol'lcally. [L., Gr. hyperboli, from not understood. [Gr. hypo, under, tithemi, to
hyperballdhyper, beyond, balls, to throw.l place.]
hyperbola, hl-peroo-le, . lit. a throwingbeyond ; a hypothetic, hl-po-thotlk, hypothetical, hl-po-thet'-
rhetorical figure which goes beyond the truth, ik-al, adj., belonging to a hypothesis; condi
representing things as much greater or less than tional.adv. hypothet ically. [Gr. kypothetiJcos.]
they really are ; an exaggeration.adjs. hyper- hypotyposla, hl-po-ttp-O'sis, n. a lively or vivid
boric, hyperbolical.adv. hyperbol'icaUy. description; imagery, in rhetoric. [Gr.hyPo-
hyperbolise, hl-pcr'bol-Tz, v.t., to represent hyper tyPed, to sketch-Ay/tf, under, typoiJ, to form.)
bolically.v.i. to speak hyperbolically or with Hyssop, his'up, n. an aromatic plant. [L. hyssopum,
exaggeration '.pr.p. hyper/bolIsing hyper Gr. hyss&pos, Heb. ezobh, At. sufa.]
bolised.. hyper bolinn.
hyperborean, h7-per-boV6-an, adj., beyond Boreas; Hysteric, his-ter'ik, Hysterical, his-terlk-al, adj.,
resultingfrom the womb; convulsive; affected
belonging to the extreme north.. an inhabit with hysterics.adv. hysterically. [L. hysteri
ant of the extreme north. [Gr. kyPerboreos cus, Gr. hysterikeshystera. the womb.]
hyper, beyond, and Boreas, the north wind.]
hypercrltle, hl-per-krit'ik, one who is over- hysterics,
ease
his-terlks, hysteria, his-tcr'i-a, n. a dis
resultingfrom an affection of the womb,
critical.adjs. hypercrlt'lc, hypercrit ical, over- causing nervous or convulsive fits.
critical.adv. hypercrit'icalry. [Gr. hyper, over, Hysteron-proteron, hls'ter-on-prot'cr-on, n. lit. the
and critic] last first; a figure of speech in which what
faypercrittclie, hT-per-krit'i-sTz, v.f., to criticise with should follow comes first ; an inversion. [Gr.]
too much nicety.n. hypercrit'lcism.
hypermetrical, hl-per-met rik-al, adj., beyond or
exceeding the ordinary metre of a line ; having a
syllable too much. [Gr. hyper, and Metrical ] I
hyphen, hi'fen, n. a short strokejoining two syllables
or words into one (-). [Gr. hypo, under, into, J, 1,/ron. the nominative case of the first personal
hen, one.] pronoun ; the word used by a speaker or writer
hypochondria, hip-o-kon'dri-a, n. the soft part of in mentioning himself, [old . Ich, Ig, A.S. ic,
the body beneath the cartilage of the breast, the Ger. ich, Ice. eg, h. ego, Gr. egd, Sans, aham.]
abdomen ; a disease arising from derangement Iambic, I-am'bik, Iambus, i-amlms, n. a metrical
of the digestive organs, causing melancholy. [L., foot of two syllables, the first short and the
Gr., from hypo, under, chondros, a cartilage.] second long, as in L. cdldr, or the first unac
hypochondriac, hip-o-kon'dri-ak, adj., relating to cented and the second accented, as in deduce**.
or affected with hypochondria; melancholy. [L. iambus, Gr. tarnbos, from iaptd, to assail,
n., one sufferingfrom hypochondria. this metre being first used by writers of satire.]
hypocrisy, hi-pok'n-si, n. lit, the acting of a Part iambic, I-am'bik, adj., consisting ofiambics.
on the stage ; a feigning to be what one is not ; Ibex, I'beks, n. a genus of goats, inhabiting the
concealment of true character. [Gr. hyPokrisis Alps and other mountainous regions. [L.]
hypokrinomai, to answer, to play on the Ibis, fbis, ft. a genus of wading birds like the stork,
stage, from hypo, under, krinS, to decide, to one species of which was worshipped by the
question.] ancient Egyptians. [L., Gr.]
hypocrite, hip'o-krit, . lit. an actor; one who Icarian, I-kS'ri-an, adj. , belonging to Icarus ; ad
practises hypocrisy. [Fr.,L., Gr. hyPohritfs.] venturous or unfortunate in flight. [L. Jcarius,
hypocritlc, hip-o-krittk,
adj., belongingto hypocritical,
a hypocrite hip-o-krit'ik-al,
practising hypoc Gr. IkariosIkaros, who fell into the sea on his
risy.adv. hypocritically. [Gr. hypohrttihos.] flight from Crete, his waxen wings being melted
hypogastric, hip-o-gas'trik, adj., belonging to the by the sun.]
lowerpart ofthe abdomen. [Gr. hypogastrion Ice, Is, . any frozen fluid, especially water : con
hypo, under, gastir, the belly.] creted sugar.v.t. to cover with ice ; to turn into
hypostasis, hl-pos'ta-sis, n. lit. a standing under; ice; to freeze : to cover with concreted sugar:
a substance ; the essence or personality of the Pr.p. Ic'ing ; Iced'. [A.S. is, Ger. eis, Ice.,
three divisions of the Godhead.adjs. hypos Dan. it.]
tatic, hypostat'ical.adv. hypoetat'lcallr. [I... Iceberg, Is1>erg, . , a mountain or huge massoffloat
Gr. hypostasishyphistcmi, to make to stand ing ice. [Ger. eisbergeis, ice, berg, a mountain.]
underhypo, under, histemt, to make to stand.] ice blink. Ts'-blink, n. a blink or bright appearance
hypotenuse, hl-pot'en-Gs, or hip-, hypothennse, hl- caused by the reflection of distant ice.
poth'en-Qs, n. lit. that which stretches under; Ice-boat, Is-bOt, a boat used for forcing a pass
the side of a right-angled triangle opposite to age through or for sailing over ice.
the right angle. [Fr., Qj.hypoteinousa (gramme, ice-bound, Is'-bound, adj., bound, surrounded, or
a line)hyfo, under, teind, to stretch.] fixed in with ice.
hypothec, hl-poth'ec, . in Scotch law, a security Ice-cream, Ts'-krCm, Iced-cream, Tsr'-krem, cream
in favour of a creditor over the property of his sweetened or flavoured, and artificiallyfrozen.
debtor, while the property continues in the Ice-field, Ts'-feld, n. a largefield or sheet ofice.
fate, far ; m, her ; mine ; mute ; muLc ; muun ; t/tcn.
B44
 Ice-float
tea-float, Is'-flot, Ice-floe, Ts'-flO, n. a large mass or
masses offloating ice.
Ice home, Ts'-hous, ., a house for preserving ice.
Ice island, IsM-Iand, . an island of lloating ice.
ice-man, Is'-man, at., a man skilled in travelling
upon ice: a dealer in ice : a man in attendance at
any frozen pond where skating, &c. are going on.
Ice-pack, Is'-pak, . drifting ice packed together.
tee-plant, Ts'-plant, n., a plant whoseleaves appear
as if covered with ice.
icicle, Ts/i-kl, n. a hangingpoint or est:erfice formed
by the freezing of dropping water. [A.S. ises-
gicel, Dutch, ijskegeltjs, ice, kegel, a cone.]
icing, Ts'ing, n., a coveringofice or concreted sugar.
Icy, Ts'i, adj., composed of, abounding in, or Tike
ice; frosty; cold: without warmth or affection.
adv. Icily.. lc'iness.
Ichneumon, ik-nO/mun{ n. lit. the hunter; a small
carnivorous animal in Egypt, famed for destroy
ing the crocodile's eggs : an insect which lays its
eggs in the larva; of other insects. [Gr.
ichneuS, to hunt after.]
Ichnography, ik-nog'raf-i, n.. a tracing- out: in
arch., a ground-plan of a building. [Gr. ichno-
graphiaichnos, a track, graphs, to grave.]
ideographic, ik-no-grafik, ichnographicai, ik-no-
graf'ik-al, adj., relatingto ichnography; describ
ing a ground-plan.adv. lchnograph'icaUy.
Ichor, rlcor, n. in myth., the ethereal juice in the
veins of the gods ; a watery humour ; colourless
matter from an ulcer, [low L. ichor, Gr. ithSr.]
Ichorous, T'kor-us, adj., like ichor; watery ; serous.
Ichthyography, ik-thi-ogVa-fi, n., a description of
or treatise onfishes. [Gr. ichthys, a fish, graphs,
to write.]
lchthyollte, ik'thi-o-Ut, n., afish turned into stone,
a fossil fish ; the impression of a fish in a rock.
[Gr. ichthys, ichthyos, and Uthos, a stone.]
Ichthyology, ik-thi-ol'o-ji, . the branch of zoology
that treats offishes.adj. ichthyologycaJ.n.
Ichthyologist, one skilled in ichthyology. [Gr.
. ichthys, a fish, logos, discourse, science.]
iehthyophagona, ik-thi-of'a-gus, adj., eating or sub
sisting on fish. [Gr. ichthyophagosichthys, a
fish, pkagd, to eat.]
Icicle. Sec under Zee.
Iconoclast, I-kon'o-klast, n., a Breaker of images,
one opposed to idol-worship. [Gr. cikonoklastis
eikSn, eikonos, an image, klastis, a breaker
klad, to break.]
lconoclaam, I-kon'o-klazm, n., act of breaking
images.adj. iconoclastic, breakingimages; per
taining to iconoclasm.
iconolator, I-kon-oI'a-ter, n., a "worshipperofimages.
[Gr. eikbn, and latrls, a worshipperlatreuO, to
worship.]
Iconology, T-kon-oKo-ji, the doctrine of images,
especially with reference to worship. [Gr. eikbn,
and logos, science, discourse.]
Icoiahedron, T-kos-a-hc'dron, . in geom., a solid
having twenty equal sides or faces. [Gr. eikoii,
twenty, hedra, basehezomai, to sit.]
Icosahedral, I-kos-a-he'dral, adj. having twenty
equal sides or faces.
Icy. See under Ice.
Idea, T-dC'a, an image ofa thing seen by the
mind; a notion; opinion. [L., Gr. ideaidein,
to see.]
Ideal, T-dcal, adj., existing in idea; mental : ex
isting in imagination only ; unreal.n. the
highest conception of anything.adv. lde'&Uy.
fate, for; me, her; mine;
Idle
idealise, T-dal-Iz, v.t., toform in idea ; to raise to-
the highest conception.v.i. to form ideas
Pr.p. Ide'alTsing ; Pa.p. Idealised.
idealisation, I-dC-al-T-za'shun, n., act offorming in
idea, or of raising to the highest conception.
idealism, I-dc'al-izm, n. the doctrine that in exter
nal perceptions the objects immediately known
are ideas..] [of idealism.
idealist, T-de'al-ist, n. one who holds the doctrine
idealistic, I-d-al-ist'ik, adj.,pertaining to idealists
or to idealism.
Ideality, T-de-al'i-ti, n., ideal state; ability and dis
position to form ideals of beauty and perfection.
ideographic, id-C-o-graf'ik, ideographical, 'ik-al, adj.,
representing ideas without reference to the name
given to them. [Gr. idea, idea, graphs, to write.]
Ideology, i-dc-ol'o-jf, ., the science of ideas. [Gr.
idea, and logos, discourse.]
Identical, T-den'tik-al, adj., the same; not different.
adv. lden'tlcally.n. iden'ticalnesa, identity.
[L. as if identicusidem, the same.]
identify, I-den'ti-fT, v.t., to make to be the same; to
ascertain or prove to be the same :pr.p. Iden
tifying ; Pa.p. Identified.n. identification [Fr.
identifier, It. identificareL. as if identicus
idem, the same, andfacio, to make.]
Identity, I-den'ti-ti, ., state of being the same;
sameness, [low L. identitasL. idem, the same.]
Ideology. Sec under Idea.
Idee, Tdz, n.sing. lit. full-moon ; in ancient Rome,
the 15th day of March, May, July, Oct., and the
13th of the other months. [Fr. idesL. idus, the
whole visible moonGr. idein, to see : or from
root vidp to divide, because it halves the
month.]
Idiocraiy, id-i-ok'ra-si, Idiosyncrasy, id-i-o-sinTcra-si,
., peculiarity of temperament or constitution ;
anycharacteristicofapersoa.adj. Idiosyncratic.
[Fr. idiocrasie, idiosyncrasieGr. idios, one'i
own, peculiar, krasis, a mixing, syncrasis, a mix
ing togethersyn, together, kerannumi, to mix.]
Idiocy. See ldlotcy.
Idiom, id'i-um, n. a mode of expression peculiar to a
language. [L.idiomaGr. idioma, a peculiarity
idiod, to make one's ownidios, one's own.]
id-i-o-mat/ik, Idlomatlcal. id-i-o-mat/ik-al,
adj., pertaining to the idioms of a language.
adv. idiomatically. [Gr. ididmatikosididmaj]
id-i-op'a-thi, n., a Peculiar affection or
nature : in med. , a primary disease not occasioned
by another. [Gr. idiopatheiaidios, peculiar,
pathos, sufferingpathein, to suffer.]
idiopathic, id-i-o-path ik, adj. in med., primary, not
depending on or preceded by another disease.
adv. ldlopath'lcally.
idiosyncrasy. Sec Idiocraiy.
Idiot, id'i-ut, n. among the Greeks, orig. a private
man, then an ignorant, rude person ; one defi
cient in intellect: a foolish or unwise person.
[Fr.L. idiotaGr. idiPtesidios, peculiar.]
ldlotcy, id'i-ut-si, Idiocy, id'i-o-si, state of being
an idiot; imbecility; folly.
idiotic, id-i-ofik, ldlotlcal, id-i-ot'ik-al, ldloUih, id-i-
or/ish, adj.,pertainingto or like an idiot ; foolish.
adv. ldloficaily.
idiotism, id'i-ut-izm, n.,a Peculiarmannerofspeak
ing; an idiom. [L. idiotismus, Gr. idiSttsmos,
a homely phraseidibtizm, to bring into common
conversationidtitfs, a private person.]
Idle, I'dl, adj., empty, trifling; unemployed ;
averse to labour : not occupied
mCte ; mute; mCun; then.
245
 Idol
portant ; unedifyinp.v.t. to spend in idleness :
pr.p. I'diing ; pa.p. I'dlcd.ns. i'dler, idleness.
adv. i'dly. [A.S. idel,ydel; Ger. eitel, akin to
ode, deserted, Ice. audr, empty, vacant.]
Idol, T'dul, ., that which is seen, a figure ; an image
of some object of worship : a person or thing too
much loved or honoured. [L. idolutnOr. eiaolon
tides, that which is seenidein, to see.]
Idolater, T-dofa-ter, n,, a "worshipper of idols: a
great admirer.-fern, idolatress. [Fr. idolatre
L. idololatresGr. eiddloiatreseidolon, idol,
latris, worshipper.]
idolatries, I-dol'a-trTz, v.t., to worship as an idol;
to adore ;pr.p. Idofatrlsing ; pa'p. idol'atrTsed.
idolatrous, T-dora-trus, adj., pertaining to idolatry.
adv. ldofatrously.
Idolatry, I-dol'a-tri, n,, ike worship of idols: ex
cessive love. *[L. idololatriaGr. etddlolatreia.]
idolise, fdul-Iz, v.t., tomakean idolof, for worship;
to love to excess '.pr.p. I'dollsing; Pa.f. I'dol-
Ised.n. ldolia'er.
Idyl, Idyll, 1'dil, n. lit. a little image; a short pas
toral poem ; a narrative poem. [L. tdylliumGr.
eidyllion, dun. oletdos, image.]
Idyllic, T-dil'ik, adj., ofor belonging to idyls.
If, if, conj. an expression of doubt; whether; in
case that; supposing that. [A.S. gif; old Ger.
ibu, ipuiba, ipa, doubt; Ice. tf, if, efa, to
doubt ; Sans, iva, as if.]
Igneous, ig'ne-us, adj., Pertaining to, consisting of,
or like fire ; in geol., produced by the action of
fipe. [L. igneusignts, fire, Sans, agni, prob.
from anj, to shine.]
Ignescent, ig-nes'ent, adj. lit. becomingfire; emit
ting sparks of fire. [L. ignescens, -entis, pr.p.
of ignesco, to become fireignis.]
ignls-fatuus, ig-nis-far'O-us, n., a fire or light
which misleads travellers, often seen over marshy
places, supposed to be a form ofhydrogen.//.
igncs-fatui, ig-nez-fat'u-1. [L. ignis, &re,faluus,
foolish.]
Ignite, ig-nlt*, v.t., to set on fire, to kindle; to
render luminous with heat.v.t. to take fire ; to
bum :pr.p. igniting; Pa.p. ignited.
Ignitible, ig-nTti-bl, adj., that may be ignited.
ignition, ig-nish'un, . , act ofsettingonfire ; state
of being kindled, and esp. of being made red-hot.
Ignoble, ig-nO'bl, adj., not noble; of low birth:
mean or worthless : dishonourable.adv. igno'-
bly.m. IgnoDlsness. [Fr,L. ignobilisin, not,
gnobilis, nobilis, noble.]
Ignominy, ig'nS-min-i, n., the loss of one's good
name; public disgrace; infamy. [L. ignominia
in, not, gnomcnt nomen, name.] See Kame.
ignominious, ig-nO-min'i-us, adj.,full ofignominy;
dishonourable : marked with ignominy ; con
temptible ; mean.adv. lgnomin'ionily.
Ignore, ig-n&V, v.t., not to know; to set aside ; wil
fully to disregard '.fr.f. ignoVing; J>a.p.
ignored'. [L. ignoroignarus, not knowing
not, gnarus, akin to nosco, notus, to know.]
Ignoramus, ig-nC-rft'inus, ru lit. we are ignorant; an
ignorant person, esp. one making a pretence to
knowledge.^/, ignora'muses. [L. ist pers. pL
pres. ind. of tgnoro, to be ignorant oC]
Ignorant, ig'nO-rant, adj., without knowledge ; un-
instructed ; unacquainted with.adv. Ignorantly,
[L. ignorans, -antis, pr.p. of ignoro.]
ignorance, ig'nO-rans, state of being ignorant;
want of knowledge :pi. in Litany) sins com
mitted through ignorance. [Fr.L. ignorantia.]
ffite, far ; me, her ; mine ;
946
Ulislon
Iguana, i-gwa'na, k. a genus of American lizards,
remarkable for having a pouch under the throat.
[Sp., said to be a Haytian word.]
Iliac U'i-ak, adj. pertaining to the ilia, the last
part of the lower intestine, so called from its
twislings. [low L. iliacusilia, the smilW
intestineGr. eileS, eild, to turn round.]
Iliad, tfi-ad, n. an Epic poem by Homer, the great
poet of Greece, giving an account of the destruc
tion of Ilium or ancient Troy. [L. Jlias, iliadis,
Gr. ilias, iliados {poiesis, a poem), relating to
Ilium, the city of Ilos, its founder.]
HI, il, adj. (comp. worn; superL worst), evil, bad;
contrary to good ; wicked : producing evil : un
fortunate; unfavourable: sick; diseased: im
proper; incorrect: cross, as temper.adv. not
well ; not rightly ; with difficulty.n, evil ;
wickedness : misfortune, [contr. of Evil ; old E,
ivele, Ice. illr.]El, when compounded with
other words, expresses badness of quality or
condition.
Ill-blood, il'-blud, n., ill or bad blood or feeling;
resentment.
ill-bred, it'-bred, adj., ill or badly bred, or educated ;
uncivil.n. Ill-breed'Ing. [ugly,
ill-favoured, il-fi'vurd, adj., ill-looking; deformed ;
ill-natured, il-ni'tGrd, adj. of an ill nature or
temper ; cross ; peevish.adv. Ul-na'turedly..
iU-na'turedneafl.
illness, il'nes, . orig. badness .* sickness ; disease,
ill-starred, il'-stard, adj. born (according to an
ancient superstition) under the influence of an
unlucky star ; unlucky,
ill-will, il-wil', n., unkindfeeling; enmity.
Ulapse, il-lapy, ., a sliding in; the entrance of
one thing into another. [L. illapsusillabor
in, into, labor, to slip, to slide.]
Illation, U-15'shun, ., actof'mferringfrom premises
or reasons ; inference ; conclusion. [Fr.L.
illatio, a bringing in, a logical inference
inferOj Ulatumin, in, into,fere, to bear.]
illative, U-Ia'tiv, adj., denoting- an inference; that
may be inferred.adv. lUatnrery.
Illegal, il-le'gal, adj., not legal or tearful; contrary
to law.adv. illegally.. illegality. [Fr.ii
in, not, and Legal]
iUegaUse, il-16'gal-Iz, v.t., to render unlawful.
illegality, il-Ie-gal'i-ti, ., the quality or condition
ofbeing illegal.
Illegible, U-Icj'i-bl, adj., not legible or that cannot be
read ; indistinctadv. illegibly.ns. illeglbleness,
illegibility. [L. in, not, and Legible.]
Illegitimate, il-le-jir/i-mlt, adj.? not legitimate or
according to law; not born in wedlock : not pro
perly inferred or reasoned ; not genuine.adv.
illegitimately.n. illegitimacy. [L. in, not, and
Legitimate.]
Illiberal, il-lib'er-al, adj., not liberal; niggardly ;
mean.adv. illiberally.. UlibersJ'ity. [L. tn,
not, and Liberal.]
TJUcit, il-lis'it, adj., not allowable; unlawful; un-
licenced.^<*oV illicitly.. tllicitneta. [L. illi
citusin, not, and licitus, pa.p. of liceo, to be
allowable ; prob. akin to Gr. dtki, right]
Illimitable, il-lim'it-abl, adj., that cannot be limited
or bounded; infinite.adv. fllhn'ltably.. il-
lim'itableness. [L. in, not, and limitable.]
113tillon, il-lizh'un, the act ofdashingor striking
against. [L. Utisioillido, to strike against
in, in, upon, leedo, to dash, to strike.]
mOte ; mQte ; mCOn ; Men.
 Illiterate Immanent
t il-hYer-at, adj., not literate or learned ; the faculty , im-aj-in-a'shun, ., act ofimagining;
uninstructed ; ignorant.adv. illiterately.n. il- which is imagined; of forming images in the mind : that
lit'erateneBs. [L. in, not, and literate.] contrivance. [L. imaginatia
imagino.]im-aj'in-3-tiv, adj., full of imagina
Illiteracy, il-lit'er-a-si, n., state of being illiterate; imaginative,
want of learning.
Illogical, il-loj'i-kal, adj., not logical; contrary to tion; given to imagining; proceeding from the
imagination.n. Imaginativeness.
the rules of logicaiiv. illog'ically.. illog'ical- Imago, 1-ma'gO, n. the last or perfect state of insect
ness. [L. in, not, and logical] life, when the case covering it is dropped, and the
Elude, il-lud', v.t, to play upon by artifice; to de
ceive .pr.p. illud'ing ; pa.p. illud'ed. [L. illudo, Imbank, im-bangk',orsame
enclosed image being comes forth, [L.j
as pw>i"v
ilhuum tn, upon, ludo, to play.] Imbecile, im-bc-seT, adj. lit. leaning on a staff;
Uluaton, il-Ia'zhun, n., a playing upon, a mocking; without strength of body or mind ; feeble.n.
deceptive appearance ; false show ; error, one destitute of strength, either of mind or body.
illusive, il-lu'siv, illusory, U-lQ'sor-i, adj. , deceiving [Fr. imbecile, L. imbecitlusin, in, upon, bacit-
by false appearances; false.adv. lUu'slvely.
n. illu Bivenew. lum, dim. of baculum, a staff.]
Dhiminate, il-ltfmin-at, v.t., to make luminous, to imbecility, im-be-sil'i-ti, state ofbeing imbecile ;
light up: to enlighten; to illustrate: to adorn weakness of body or mind.
with ornamental lettering or illustrations :pr.p. Imbed, im-bed', v.t. to lay, as in a bed; to place in
illQ'minating ; P&-P- ulQ'minated.adj. en a mass of matter. [L. in, in, and Bad.]
lightened. (L. iUumino, illuminatusin, in, and Imbibe, im-blb', v.t., to drink in; to absorb: to
lumino, to enlightenlumen, light.] t _ receive into the mind '.pr.p. imblb'ing ; pa.p.
Rumination, il-lfl-min-a'shun, n., act ofgivinglight : imbibed'.n. imbib er. [L. tmbiboin, in, into,
that which gives light; splendour; brightness: and bibo, to drink.]
a display of lights: adorning of books with Imbitter, im-bit'er, v.t., to cause to be bitter; to
coloured lettering or illustrations ; an illuminated render unhappy : to render more violent:pr.p.
book : in 27. , enlightening influence, inspiration,
illuminative, il-lu'min-a-tiv, adj., tending to give imbitt'ering ; pa.p. imbitt'ered.n. imbltt'erer.
[im, to make, and Bitter.]
light ; illustrative or explanatory,
niominator, il-lu'min-a-tor, n.f one who illuminates, Imbody, im-bod'i, same as Embody.
Imborder, im-borMer, v.t., to border.
especially one who is employed in adorning books Imbosom, im-bGoYum, same as Embosom.
with coloured letters and illustrations.
jllumin, il-lu'min, illume, il-lum', v.t., to make lum Imbricate, inVbri-kat, Imbricated, im'bri-kat-cd, adj.
inous or bright ; to enlighten; to adorni:pf-P- other likeatiles
bent' like gutter-tile .* in bot.} lying over each
illa'mining, illQm'ing ; pa.p. illQ'mined, illumed'. of imbrico, to cover on a roof. [L. imoricatus, pa.p.
Illusion, Elusive, &c. See under Elude. with tilesimbrex, a gutter-
tileimber,
XuuEtrate. il-lus'trit, v.t lit. to encircle with lustre Imbrication, a shower.]
im-bri-ka'shun,
or light, to light up; to make distinguished : to as ofa tile; an overlapping n. a concave indenture,
make clear to the mind; to explain ; to explain Imbrows, im-brown', v.t., to ofmake the edges.
brown; to
and adorn by pictures :pr.p. iflus'trating ; pa.p.
illus'tritcd.n. illustrator. [L- itlustro, illus- darken ; to obscure, [im, to make, and Brown.)
tratum, to light upillustris. See Illustrious,] Imbrue, im-brOO', v.t. orig. topour out or distil; to
illustration, il-lus-tra'shun, n.t actofftakinglustrous wet or moisten ; to soak ; to drench '.-pr.p. im
or clear; act of explaining: that which illus bruing ; pa.p. imbrued'. [L. in, in, into, and
trates ; a A-lus'tra-tiv,
picture or diagram, old E. brue, akin to Brew.]
illustrative, adj. having the quality of Imbue, im-bu', v.t., to cause to drink; to moisten ;
making clear or explaining.adv. iUtuftratively. to tinge deeply : to cause to imbibe, as the mind :
illustrious, U-luVtri-us, adj. Xxx.fulloflustre; morally pr.p. imbfl'ing ; Pa.p. imbued'. [L. imbuo
bright, distinguished ; noble ; conspicuous : con in, and be, root ofbibo, to drink ; akin to Gr. /i ,
ferring honour.<w*p. illustriously.*. uW- po, root oipino, Sans, pa, to drink.]
triousness. [L. illustris, prob. for illucestrutn, Imitate, im'i-tat, v.t., to copy, to strive to be the
in, and lux, lucis, light.] sameas; to produce a likeness of:pr.p. im'itSt-
Image, im'aj, n. lit. an imitation or copy; like ing; pa.p. im'itated.n. Imitator. [L. imitor,
ness ; a statue ; an idol : a representation in the imitatus, akin to similis, like, Gr. hama, along
mind, an idea; a picture in the imagination: in with, homos, the same, Sans, sam, with, sama,
optics, the figure of any object formed by rays of the same.]
light.v.t. to form an image of; to form a like lmitable, im'it-abl, adj., that may be imitated or
ness of in the mind:-^r.>. imaging; pa.p. copied ; worthy of imitation.n. lmitabil'lty.
imaged. [Fr.L. imago, an image, from root imitation, im-i-ti shun, act of imitating; that
of imitor, to imitate. Sec Imitate. 1 which is produced as a copy, a likeness.
Imagery, im'Sj-ri, or im'a-jer-i, . ong. images in imitative, im'i-tat-iv, adj., inclined to imitate;
general : the work of the imagination ; mental formed after a model.adv. im'ltatlvely.
picturesim-aj
imagine, ; figures of speech.
in, v.t., toform an image of in. the Immaculate, im-mak'u-lat, adj., spotless; unstained ;
mind: to conceive; to think; in B to contrive pure.adv. [L.
immaculately.n. lmmac ulateneas.
immaculatusin} not, and maculo, to stain
or devise.v.t. to form mental images ; to con macula, a spot, akin to Sans, mala, filth.]
ceive -.pr.p. iinag'ining ; pa.p. imagined.. Immaculate Conception, the R. Cath. doctrine that
lmaginer. [L. imagineimago, an image.] the Virgin Mary was born without original sin.
Imaginable, im-ajln-abl, adj., that may be ima Immanent, im'a-ncnt, adj., remaining within; in
ginedadv. imaginably.. imag'inablenaai.
Imaginary, im-aj in-ar-i, adj. existing only w the herent. in, in
[L. immanens, -entis, pr.p. of immaneo
or near, maneo, to remain.]
imagination ; not real : in alg., impossible.
fate, far; me, her; mine; mOte; mQtc mC-On; thou . ?i7
 Immaterial Impartiality
Immaterial, im-ma-teri-al, adj., not material or [L. in, not, and modest.]adv. immod'estly.n.
consisting ofmatter7 incorporeal: unimportant, Immodesty, want ofmodesty.
adv. Immaterially. [L. in, not, and material.]
Immaterialised, im-ma-tS'ri-al-Izd, adj., spiritual' Immolate, im'a-lSt, v.t. lit. to sprinkle meal on a
victim ; to offer in sacrifice :pr.p. immolating ;
ised. [Fr. immateriaiiser, to make spiritual. ]
lEunatertaliim, im-ma-tfi'ri-al-izm, n. the doctrine upon, mola, meal.] [L. immolc, immolatusitit
pa.p. imm'Olated.
that there is no material substance, and that all Immolation, im-O-la'shun, n.t act of immolating; a
being may be reduced to mind and ideas in a sacrifice.
mind.*<. lmmate'rlalist, one who believes in Immoral, im-mor'al, adj., not moral ; inconsistent
this.
Immateriality, im-ma-te'-ri-al'i-ti, ike quality of with what is right; wicked.adv. immorally.
[L. in, not, and Moral.]
being immaterial or of not consisting of matter. immorality,
Immature, im-ma-tuV, Immatured, im-ma-turd', adj., moral; anlm-mor-al'i-ti, quality of being im
unmoral act or practice.
not mature or ripe ,* not perfect : come before Immortal, im-mor*tal, adj. ,not mortal; exemptfrom
the natural time.adv. Immature ly.ns. lmma- death ; imperishable ; never to be forgotten (as a
tore'ness, Immaturity. [L. in, not, and Mature.] name, poem, &c. )n. one who will never cease to
Immeasurable, im-mczh'Qr-abl, adj., that cannot exist.adv. immor'tally. [L. in, not, and Mortal]
be measured. adv. immeas'urably.n. lmmeas- Immortality, im-mor-tal'i-ti, n., quality of being
urableness. [L. in, not, and measurable.] immortal; exemption from death or oblivion.
Immediate, im-mfd'yat, adj., with nothing in the immortalise, im-morlal-Iz, v.t., to make immortal:
middle between two objects; not acting by pr.p. immor talising ; Pa.p. immor'tallsed.
second causes , direct : present ; without delay. Immovable, im-mCoYa-bl,
adv. immed iately. n. lmmedlateneee. [low L. fast ; unalterable ; thatadj., not movable; stead
cannot be impressed or
immediatusin, not, and medius, the middle.]
Immemorial, im-me-mO'ri-al, adj., beyond the reach Immovably.ns. immov ablenesa, movable.]adv.
made to fall. [L. in, not, and
lmmorability.
of memory. [L. in, not, and memorial]adv. immovables, im-mOoVa-Llz, tt.pl. fixtures, &c. not
immem0 rially. movable by a tenant.
Immense, im-mens', adj., that cannot be measured: Immunity, im-mOn'i-ti, .(freedomfrom any obli
vast in extent; very large,adv. Immensely. gation or duty; privilege. [L. immunitas
n. lmmenie'neat. [Fr.L. immensusin, not, in, not, munus, duty.]
mensus, pa.p. otmetior, to measure.]
Immensity, im-mens it-i, n., an extent not to be Immure, im-muV, v.t., to wall in; to shut up; to
imprison \pr.p. immuring ; Pa.p. immured'.
measured ; infinity : greatness. [L. in, in, and murus, a wall.]
Immeasurable, im-meni/ur-abl, adj., that cannot be Immutable, im-mut a-bl, adj. , net mutable nr change
measured.n. Immeasurability. [Fr.L. in, able.adv. immut'ably. [L. in, not, and Mutable.]
not, and mensurabitismetior.]
Immerge, im-merj', v.t, to merge or plunge into. mut'a-bl-nes,im-mut-a-bil'i-ti,
Immutability, Immutableneos, im-
n., the quality ofbeing immutable.
[L. in, into, and mergo, menus, to plunge.]
immerse, im-mers', v.t., to immerge or plunge into ; Imp, imp, n. sit. and orig. a graft; offspring; a
little devil or wicked spirit.adj. impish, like
to engage deeply ; to overwhelm '.pr.p. im- an imp; fiendish. [A.S. impan; Dan. ympe;
mers'ing ; pa.p. immersed'. Ger. tmpfen; Fr. enter; Dutch, Pote; conn,
Immersion, im-mer'shun, ., act of immersing or with Bud and Put]
plunging into ; state of being dipped into ; state
of being deeply engaged. Impact. See under Impinge.
Immethodical, im-me-thod'ik-al, adj., not method' Impair, im-paV, v.t., to make worse; to diminish
ical ; without method or order ; irregular.adv. in quantity, value, or strength ; to injure ; to
immethodlcally. [ L. in, not, and methodical.] weaken :pr.p. impairing ; pa.p. impaired'. [Fr.
Immigrant, See under Immigrate. empirer~ent to make, ptrr, L. Pejor, worse.]
Immigrate, im'i-grat, v.i., to migrate or remove Impale, Impalement, same as Empale, Empalement.
into a country '.pr.p. immigrating ; Pa.p. Impalpable, im-pal'pa-bl, adj., notpalpable or per
immigrated. [L. immigroin, into, and migro, ceivable by touch ; not coarse ; not easily under
migratum, to remove.] stood.adv. impal'pably.n. Impalpability. [L.
Immigration, im-i-gra'shun, n.,act ofimmigrating. in, not, and Palpable.]
Immigrant, im'i-grant, n., one who immigrates. Impanncl, impanel, im-panl, v.t. to enter the names
Imminent, im'i-ncnt, adj., projecting over; near at of a jury in a list, or<? a piece of parchment
hand; threatening to fall or occur. (L. im- called a. panel :pr.p. impann'eJling; Pa.p. im-
minens, -entisin, upon, mineo, to project.] pann'clled. [L. in, in, and Panel.]
adv. Imm'lnently.n. imminence. Imparity, im-pai/i-ti, n., want ofparity or equality ;
Immission. See under Immit. indivisibility into equal parts. [L. in, not, parity.}
Immit, im-mit', v.t., to send into; to inject '.pr.p. Impark, im-park', v.t., to enclose for a park; to
immitt'ing; Pa.p. immitt'ed. [L. in, into, mitto, shut up. [L. in, in, and Park.]
missus, to send.] Impart, im-part', v.t., to bestow a part of; to give ;
1mmission, im-mish un, ., act ofimmitting.
Immobility, im-mO-bil'i-ti, n condition or quality of ato part
communicate; to make known.v.i. to give
:pr.p. imparling ; pa.p. impart ed. [L.
being immovable. [L. in, not, and Mobility.] impartioin, on, andpars,partis, a part.]
Immoderate, im-mod'er-at, adj., not moderate; impartial, im-paVshal,
exceeding proper bounds.-adv. immoderately. favouring one more thanadj., not partial ; not
another ; just.adv. Im
[L. in, not, and moderate.] partially. [L. in, not, and partial.]
Immodest, im-mod'est, adj., not modest; wanting impartiality, im-par-shi-al'i-ti, quality of being
restraint; impudent; wanting shame ordelicacy. impartial; freedom from bias.
fate, far; me, her; mine; mote ; mute; mKJn ; then.
248
 Impartible
Impartible, im-part'i-bf, adj., capable of being im-
Parted.n. lmpartibil'ity.
Impartible, im-parr/i-bl, adj., notpartible; indivis
ible.n. impartlbiTlty. [L. in, not, and partible.]
Impassable, im-pas'a-bl, adj., notpassableor capable
of being passed.adv. Impassably.ns. unpasa-
abil'ity, lmpaaVableness. [L. in, not, passable.]
Impassible, im-pas'i-bl, adj., incapable ofpassion or
feeling.ns. unpaaslbU'lty, lmpass'lbleneas, quality
of being impassible. [L. impassibilisin, not,
and Pattor, passits, to suffer.]
lxnpasalonate, im-pash'un-at, adj., without passion
or feeling. [ L. in, not, and passionate).] .
impassionate, im-pash'un-at, impassioned, im-pash'-
und, adj., movedbypassion or feeling ; animated ;
excited. [L. intensive, and Passion.]
Impassive, im-pas'iv, adj., not susceptible ofPain
or feeling.adv. impass ively.ns. lmpass/iveneaa,
[L. in, not, and passive.]
Impatient, im-pa'shent, adj., notpatient; not able
to endure; fretful; restless.-adv. impa'tlently.
n. lmpa'tience, want of patience. [L. in, not,
and patient.]
Impawn, im-pawn', v.l., topawn or deposit as secu
rity. [L. in, intensive, and Pawn.]
Impeach, im-p6ch', v.t., lit to kinder; to charge
with a crime ; to cite before a court for official
misconduct :j>r.p. impeaching ; pa.p. im
peached'. [Fr. empicker ; It. impacctare ; perh.
from L. impingere, to strike against, or impedi-
care, to fetter.]
Impeachable, ira-pecb/a-bl, adj., liable to impeach
ment ; chargeable with a crime.
Impeacher, im-pecb/er, n., one who impeaches.
Impeachment, im-pech'mcnt, n., act ofimpeaching:
state of being impeached.
Impearl, im-perl', v.t., to adorn with or as with
Pearls; to make like pearls. [L. in, in, and Pearl. ]
Impeccable, im-pek'a-bl, adj., not peccable or liable
to sin. [L. tn, not, and Peccable.]
impeccability, im-pek-a-bil'i-ti, lmpeccancy, im-pek'-
an-si, n., quality of being impeccable; exemp
tion from sin.
Impede, im-pd', v.t., lit. to entangle thefeet; to
hinder or obstruct :pr.p. imped'ing ; Pa.p. im-
pCd'ed. [L. impedioin, and pes, Pedis, a foot.]
impediment, im-ped'i-raent, ., that wkich impedes ;
hinderance ; a defect preventing fluent speech.
impeditive, im-pcd'i-tiv, adj., causing kinderonce.
Impel, im-pel', v.t., to drive or urge forward ; to
excite to action ; to instigate:pr.p. impelling;
pa.p. impelled'. [L. impetlo, imfulsusin, on,
and pelto, to drive.)
impellent, im-pel'ent, adj., having ike quality of
impellingox driving on,n. a power that impels.
n. impeller, one who or that which impels.
Impulse, im'puls, impulsion, im-pul'shun, n., ike act
ofimpelling or driving on ; effect of an impelling
force ; force suddenly communicated ; influence
on the mind.
Impulsive, im-puls'iv, adj., having thepower ofim
pelling or driving on; actuated by mental im
pulse: in meek., acting by impulse; not con
tinuous.adv. impulsively. . impuls'iveness.
Impend, im-pend', v.t., to hang over; to threaten;
to be near \~~pr.p. impend'ing ; Pa.p. impend'ed.
[L. in, on, and pendeo, to hang. ]
Impendent, im-pend'ent, impending, im-pend'ing,
adj., hanging over; ready to act or happen ;
threatening.
fate, far; mS, her; mine ;
Impersuasible
Impenetrable, im-pen'e-trabl, adj., not penetrable,
or capable of being pierced ; preventing another
body from occupying the same space at the same
time : not to be impressed in mind or heart.
adv. unpen'etrably.n. impenetrability, quality
ofbeingimpenetrable. [L. in, not, andpenetrable.)
Impenitent, im-pen'i-tcnt, adj., not penitent or re
penting of sin.n. one who does not repent: a
hardened sinner.adv. impen'itently. [L. in,
not, and Penitent.]
Impenitence, im-pen'i-tens, ., the state of being
impenitent; hardness of heart or mind.
Impennate, im-pen'at, Impennons, im-pcn'us, adj\,
notptnnate or winged ; having very short wings
useless for flight. IL. in, not, and Fennate.J
Imperative, im-per'a-tiv, adj., expressive of com
mand; authoritative ; obligatory.adv. impera
tively. [L. imperativusimperv, to command
in, and paro, to prepare.]
Imperceptible, im-per-sep'ti-bl, adj. , not Perceptible
or discernible by the mind : insensible : minute.
tis. impercep'tibleness, impercepUbU'ity.adv. lm-
percep tibly. [L. in, not, and perceptible.]
Imperfect, im-per'fekt, adj., notPerfect or complete;
defective : not fulfilling its design : liable to err.
ns. lmper'fectness, imperfec'tion.adv. Lmper
fectly. [L. in, not, and Perfect.]
Imperforate, im-per'fo-rat, Imperforated, im-pcrYo
rat-ed, adj., not perforated or pierced through ;
having no opening.n. imperfora'tlon. [L. in,
not, and Perforate. ]
imperforahle, im-per'fbr-abl, adj., that cannot be
perforated or bored through.
Imperial, im-p'ri-al, adj. pertaining to an empire
or to an emperor ; royal ; supreme : of superior
size or excellence.n. a tuft of hair on the lower
lip : a kind of dome, as in Moorish buildings : an
outside seat on a diligence.adv. imperially. (1..
imPeriaUsimperium, sovereignty.] See Empire.
imperialism, im-pe'ri-al-izm, n. , the power or author
ity ofan emperor; the spirit of empire.
Imperialist, im-pe'ri-al-ist, n., one who belongs to an
emperor; a soldier or subject of an emperor.
impenality, im-peVri-al'i-ti, n., imperial power,
right, or privilege.
imperious, im-pfi'n-us, adj., assuming command ;
haughty: tyrannical: authoritative.adv. lm-
pe'riously.n. lmpe'rioumess. [L. impcriosus.]
Imperil, im-pertl, v.t., toPut inperil; to endanger.
[L. in, in, and Peril.]
Imperishable, im-per'ish-abl, adj., not Perishable;
indestructible ; everlasting.ns. imper'ishablenes*.
Imperishability,adv. lmper ishably. [L. in, not,
and perishable.]
Impermeable, im-peVmC-abl, 'adj., not permeable
. or permitting passage ; impenetrable.ns. imper
meability, imper'meableness.adv. imper'meably.
[L. in, not, and permeable.]
Impersonal, im-per'sun-al, adj., notpersonal or re
presenting a person ; not having personality. n.
that which wants personality : tn gram., a verb
without a personal subject.adv. imper'eonaUy.
n. Impersonal ity. [L. in, not, and personal.]
Impersonate, im-per'sun-at, v.t., to invest with per
sonality or the bodily substance of a person ; to
ascribe the qualities of a person to; to personify.
n, impersoaa'tion. [L. in, in, and personate.]
Impersuasible, im-pur-swa'zi-bl,iMy., notPersuasiblc
or to be moved by persuasion or argument. [L.
in, not, and pcrsuasible.J
mote; mate; mOon; then.
 Impertinent
Impertinent, im-pcr'ti-nent, adj., not pertinent or
pertaining to the matter in hand: rude; im
pudent: trifling.adv. Impertinently. [L. in,
not, and pertinent.}
impertinence, im-pcr'ti-nens, . , that which is im
pertinent; a thing out of place or of no weight :
rudeness; intrusion: trifle.
Imperturbable, im-per-turna-hl, adj., that cannot
be disturbed or agitated; permanently quiet.
adv. Imperturbability. [L. imperturbabilis
in, not, andperturbo, to disturb.]
Imperturbation, iin-pcr-tur-ba'shun, ., state ofIcing
undisturbed; freedom from agitation of mind.
Imperrlsble, im-pcrVi-a-bl, Impervious, ira-peYvi-us,
adj., notpervious; not to be penetrated.ns. im-
per'rlAblaneag, lmpcrvlabil'ity, lmper'viouiaeas.
adv. imperviously. [I* in, not, and Pervious.]
Impetus, im'pe-tus, n. lit a /ailing upon; an
attack ; assault ; force or quantity of motion :
violent tendency to any point : activity. [L.in,
and Peto, to fall upon.]
Impetuous, im-pet'O-us, adj. rushing upon with im
petus or violence ; furious'; passionate.ns. Im-
pet uousnoss. Impetuosity.adv. lmpet'uously.
Impiety. Sec under Impious.
Impinge, im-pinj', v.i., to strike or fall against; to
touch upon '.-~pr-P. impinging ; Pa.p. impinged'.
[L. impingoin, against, Pango, to strike.]
Impingement, im-pinj'ment, act ofimpinging.
impingent, im-pinj'ent, adj., striking against.
Impact, im'pakt or im-pakf, a striking against ;
the instantaneous action of one body on another.
Impact', v.t. to press firmly together:pr.p.
impacting; pa.p. impacted. [L. in, against,
and pactumPango.~\
Impious, im'pi-us, adj., not pious; Irreverent ;
wanting in veneration for God; profane. adv.
im'plously. [L. in, not, and Ploui. ]
lmplousneas, im'pi-us-nes, Impiety, im-pT'e-ti, .,
quality of being impious ; want of piety; irrev
erence towards God ; neglect of the divine
precepts.
Implacable, im-plak'a-bl, adj., notplacable or to be
appeased ; inexorable ; irreconcilable.adv. lm-
pla'cably.ns. lmpla'cableness, Implacability. [L.
in, not, and Placable.]
Implant, im-plant*, v.i., to plant or fix into; to
plant in order to grow: to insert : to infuse. [L.
in, into, and Plant.]
implantation, im-plan-ti'shun, n., the act of im
planting or infixing in the mind or heart.
Implead, im-pled', v.t., toput im or urge a plea ;
to prosecute a suit at law. [L. in, in, and
plead.]
lmpleader, im-plffd'er, n., one who impleads or
prosecutes another.
Implement, im'ple-ment, . whatever may fill up
or supply a want ; a tool or instrument of labour.
adj. implementing, providing with implements,
[low L. implcmentumin, andpleo, to fiUL]
tmpletlon, im-plfshun, n., the act offilling; the
state of being full.
Implex, im'pleks, adj., entwined; infolded ; en
tangled ; complicated. [L. ivtpltxusimptecto
in, into, and pUcto, akin to Cr.plekd, to twine.]
Implicate, im'pli-kat , v.t., to infold; to involve ; to
entangle \pr.p. implicating ; Pa.p. im'plic3ted.
[L. implico, implicatum, impticitumin, into,
and plico, to fold.]
implication, im-pli-ka'shun, the act of implicat
ing t entanglement : that which is implied.
fate, far ; me, her ; mine ;
impost
Implicative, im'pli-ka-tiv, adj., having implication ;
tending to implicate.adv. lm'plicatively.
Implicit, lm-phVit, adj. lit. infolded; implied : rest
ing on or trusting another; relying entirely.
adv. lmpllc/ltly.n. implicitness. [L. implicitus
implies.}
imply, im-plr, v.t. lit. to infold; to include in re
ality : to mean ; to signify :pr.p. implying ;
pa~p. implied'. [L. implico.}
Implore, im-ploV, v.t., to invoke with cries; to
ask earnestly ; to beg :pr.p. imploring ; Pa.p.
implored'. [L. imploroin, and ploro, to cry
aloud.]
imploringly, im-ploYing-li, adv., in an imploring
or very earnest manner.
Imply. See under Implicate.
lltaly. [L. in, not, and polite.]
Impolitic, im-pol'i-tik, adj., notpolitic or prudent ;
unwise; inexpedient; pursuing measures calcu
lated to injure the public interest. adv. impol
iticly. [L. in, not, and politic.]
Imponderable, irn-pon'der-abl, adj., notponderable,
or able to be weighed : without sensible weight.
ns. lmpon'derableneas, Imponderability. [L. in,
not, and ponderable.]
Imponderables, im-pon'der-a-blz, n.pl., bodies with
out sensible weight, as heat, light, &c.
imponderous, im-pon'der-us, adj., not ponderous;
without sensible weight. [L. in, not, ponderous.]
Import, im-pOrt/, v.t., to carry into; to bring from
abroad : to convey, as a word ; to signify : to
be ofconsequence to ; to interest :-~Pr.p. impSrr'-
ing ; pop. lmpOrfed. [L. importo, -atumin,
into, and Porto, to carry.]
Import, import, n. that which is brought from
abroad : meaning : importance : tendency.
Importable, im-porr/a-bl, adj., that may be im
ported or brought into a country: (obs.) not to
be borne or endured, insupportable.
Important, im-port'ant, adj. lit. bringing- or carry
ing into; of great import or consequence; mo
mentous.n. importance.adv. imporfantly.
Importation, im-pOr-ta'shun, ., the act of import
ing : the commodities imported : conveyance.
Importer, im-pOrt'cr, n., one who imports goods.
Importunate, im-port'u-nat, adj. lit. not at rest, as a
shipwithout a harbourto get into ; troublesornely
urgent ; over-pressing in request,. Import -
unateness.adv. import unately. [L. tmportunus,
unfitin, not, and partus, a harbour.]
Importune, im-por-tun', v.t. to urge with trouble
some application ; to press urgently :pr.p. im
portuning ; Pa.p. importuned'. [Fr. imfortuner.}
Importunity, im-por-tun'i-ti, . , the quality ofbeing
importunate; urgent request. [L. importunitas.J
Impose, im-poz', v.t., to place upon; to lay on; to
enjoin or command ; to put over by authority
or force : to obtrude unfairly ; to palm off.v.i.
to mislead or deceive xpr.f. imposing ; pa.p.
imposed'. [Fr. imPoser, L. impono, impositus
in, in, Pono, to place.]
Impotable, im-poYa-bl, adj., capable of being im
posed or laid on.
imposing, im-poYing, adj. commanding ; adapted
to impress forcibly.adv. lmpoe/ingty.
Imposition, im-po-zish'unj n., act of imposing; the
laying on of hands in ordination : a tax, a
burden : a deception,
import, im'pGst, n.t that which is imposed or laid
mote; mQte; mOQn; thesu
 impostor Improvisate
impressive, im-presiv,
on ; a tax, particularly that on imports : in arch*, impression on the mind adj., capable of making an
that part of a pillar in vaults and arches on lvely.n. ; solemn.adv. Impress*-
which the weight of the building is laid. Impress ireneu.
impostor, im-pos tur, ., one whopractises imposi Impressment, im-pres'ment, n. , the act ofimpressing
orseizing forservice, especiallythepublic service,
tion or fraud.
imposture, [L.]., imposition or fraud.
im-posiur, [orig. from L. praesto, in readiness ; old . in
Impossible, im-posfi-bl, adj., notpossible; that which moneyinreceived
prest, ready money,/rr =prest, the earnest-
cannot be done ; absurd.. impossibility. [L. ing the service, bybeea Press.] soldier or sailor on enter
in, not, and Possible, j Imprint, im-print, v.t., to print in or uponj to
Import. See under Impose.
XSnporthume, im-pos'tQm, n., the separation of cor print ; to stamp; to impress: to fix in the mind.
rupt matter into an ulcer; an abscess, [cor ofthe publisher, time andisplace
n. imprint, that which imprinted; the name
of publication of
rupted from L., Gr. apostfmaaphistlmi, to a book, &c. printed on the title-page. [L. in,
separateapo, away, histimi, to make to stand.]
Imposthnmate, im-pos'tum-3.t, v.i., to separate into in or upon, and Print.]
an imposthumc or abscess.v.t. to affect with Imprison, im-priz'n, v.t., to put in prison; to shut
an imposthume :Pr.p. unpos/thQm2ting ; Pa.p. up ; to confine or restrain :--/>'/ impris'oning ;
imposihQmSted.. unporthvau'tlon, the act of Pa.p. impris'oneJ.K. Imprisonment,
lmpruronn the act of
forming an abscess ; an abscess. imprisoning or state of being imprisoned ; con
Impostor, &c. See under Impose. finement or restraint. [L. in, into, and Prison.]
Impotent, im'po-tent, adj., not potent; powerless ; Improbable, im-prob'a-bl, adj. , notprobableorlikely.
unable ; imbecile ; useless ; wanting the power adv. improbably. improbability. [L. in,
of self-restraint.-o^rY". lm potently.ns. im po not, and Probable.]
tence, lm'potency. [L. in, not, and Potent.} Improbity, im-prob'i-ti, ., want ofprobity or^integ
Impound, im-pound', v.t. to confine, as in a pound; rity ; dishonesty. [L. in, not, and Probity.]
to restrain within limits ; to take possession of. Impromptu, im-promp'tu, adj., prompt, ready; off
n. Impound age, the act ofimpounding cattle. [L. hand.adv. readily.. a short witty saying
in, in, and Pound, an enclosure.] expressed at the moment; any composition pro
Impoverish, im-pov'6r-ish, v.t., to make poor; to duced at the moment. [L.in, in, andpromptus,
exhaust the resources (as of a nation), or fertility readiness. See Prompt.]
(as of the soil) ',pr.p. impoverishing; pa.p. im- Improper, im-prop'er, adj., notproper or suitable;
rov'erished.n. impoverishment. [Fr.appauvrir, unfit ; unbecoming : incorrect ; wrong.adv.
t. impoverireL. in, in, and Pauper, poor. ] improperly. [ L. in, not, and Proper.]
Impracticable, im-prak'tik-abl, adj., not practic impropriety, im-pro-prre-ti, sr., that which is im-
able or able to be done ; unmanageable ; stub properorunsuitable ; want ofproprietyor fitness.
born.adv. Impracticably.ns. Impracticability, [L. in, not, and propriety.]
tmprac Ucabimcss. [L. in, not, and practicable.] Impropriate, im-prO'pri-at, v.t. lit. to appropriate to
Imprecate, im'pre-klt, v.t. lit. to prayfor good or Private use ; to place ecclesiastical property in
evil upim; to curse :pr.p. imprecating; pa.p. the hands of a layman '.pr.p. impropriating ;
im'prccated.n. impreca'tlon, the act ofimprecat Pa.p. impropriated.n. impropriation, the act
ing ; a curse. [I* imprecar, imprecatusin, of appropriating: the property impropriated.
upon, prccor, prccatum, to pray.] [L. in, in, andpropria, propriaturn, to appro
imprecatory, im pre-ka-tor-i, adj., containing im priateProprius, one's own, proper.]
precation or cursing. Improve, im-prOoV, v.t. to make better ; to advance
Impregnable, im-preg/na-bl{ adj., that cannot be in value or excellence ; to correct ; to employ to
taken or seized ; that cannot be moved or shaken ; good purpose.v.i. to grow better; to mak#.
invincible.adv. imprcg nably..impregnability. progress ; to increase ; to rise (as prices) ',pr.P.
[Fr. impretiableL. in, not, and prehendo, to improving ; improved'.n. improver. [L.
take.] im-preg'nai, v.t., to make pregnant', in, in, old Fr. prover, L. prvbare, to try, to
Impregnate, consider asim-prfSoVa-bl,
to impart the particles or qualities of one thing improvable, good.] adj., obittobeimproved;
to another '.pr.p. impregnating ; pa.p. imprejr^ capable of being used to advantage.adv. lm-
natcd. [low L. impraegno, atumin, and prov'ably.ns. unprovability, imprcVableneea.
Praegnans, pregnant.] See Pregnant. Improvement, im-prOoVment, n., the act ofimprov
impregnation, im-preg-na'shun, n., the act of im ing; advancement orprogress ; increase, addition,
pregnating; that with which anything is im or alteration; the turning to good account;
pregnated. instruction.im-pr03vlng-li, adv., in an improving
Imprest, im-pres*, v.t., to press upon; to mark by improvingly,
pressure ; lo produce by pressure ; to stamp ; to manner.
force into service esp. the public service : to fix
deeply (in the mind).n. im'presa, that which, Improvident, im-provi-dent, adj., not Provident or
is made by pressure; stamp, likeness; device, prudent improv
; wanting foresight ; thoughtless.adv.
idently.. Improvidence. [L. in, not, and
motto. [L. in, in,fremo, pressus, to press.] provident.]
impressible, im-presi-bl, adj., capable ofbeing im Improvisate, im-prov'i-sa't, Improvise, im-pro-v7z/,
pressed or made to feel ; susceptible.adv. Im v.t. to compose and recite, esp. in verse, without
press'ibly.ns. impressibility. Preparation; to bring about on a sudden.v.i.
Impression, im-prcsh'un, n., the act of impressing
that which is produced by pressure : a single to recite compositions, especially in verse, without
edition of a book : the effect of any object on the preparation ; to do anything off-hand :pr.p.
mind ; idea ; slight remembrance.adj. Impress'- improvised'.n. improvis'er. ;pa.p.
improvisating, improvising improv1isited,
[Fr. improviser, It.
lonable, able to receive an impression.
fate, far ; me, her ; mine ; mSte ; mute ; mOBn ; then. 251
 improvisation
i/nprowisareL. in, nor, and provisus, fore
seen.]
improvisation, im-prov-i-sa'shun; ., act of impro
vising: that which is improvised.
Imprudent, im-prUQ'6cnt,adj.,notprudent; wanting
foresight or discretion ; incautious ; inconsiderate.
adv. impru'dently.n. Impru dence. [L. In, not,
and Prudent.]
Impudent, im'p0-dent, adj., wanting shame or
modesty ; brazen-faced ; bold ; rude ; insolent.
adv. im'pudently.n. lm'pudence. [L. in, not,
pudens, -entis, from pudeo, to be ashamed.]
Impugn, im-pQn', v.t. lit. to Jight against; to
oppose ; to attack by words or arguments ; to call
in question 'pr.p. impfign'ing ;jfia.fi. impugned'.
[L, impugnoin, against, pugno, to fight.]
impugner, im-pOn'er, n., one who impugns.
Impugnable, im-pun a-bl, adj., able to be impugned
or called in question.
Impulse, Impulsion, &c. See under Impel
Impunity, im-pun'i-ti, ., freedom or safety from
Punishment; exemption from injury or loss. [L.
imfunitasin, not, poena, punishment.]
Impure, im-puV, adj., not pure; mixed with other
substances : defiled by sin ; unhory ; unchaste ;
unclean.adv. Impurely.ns. impurity, impure'-
ness, quality ofbeing impure. [L. in, not, Pure.]
Imporple, im-pur'pl, same as Empurple.
Impute, im-puY, v.t. lit. to take into the reckoning ;
to reckon as belonging toin a bad .sense; to
charge ~pr-P> impQt'ing ; Pa.p. imputed. [Fr.
imjntter; L. imputo, -atumin,Puto, to reckon.]
imputer, ira-put'er, ., one who imputes.
imputable, im-puta-bl, adj., capable of being im
puted'or charged ; attributable.^z*. Imput'ably.
ns. imput'ableness, ImputabU'lty.
imputation, im-pQ-tVshun, ., act of imputing or
charging ; censure ; reproach : the reckoning as
belonging to.
imputative, un-put'a-tiv, adj. , that maybe imputed.
adv. lmputatively.
In, in, prep, denotes presence or situation In place,
time or circumstanceswithin, during; by or
through; entrance into.adv. within; not out.
[A.S., Ger. in; Goth, inn; L. in; Gr. en; akin
to Sans, an.]
Inner, in'er, adj. (comp. of In\further in ; interior.
(A.S.]
innermost, in'er-mOst, inmost, in'mCst, adj. fsuperl.
of In),furthest in; most remote from the out
ward part. [A.S. innemest, innost.]
Inability, in-a-bil'i-ti, ., want of ability; want of
sufficient power; incapacity. [L. in, not, and
ability.]
Inaccessible, in-ak-ses'i-bl, adj., not accessible ; not
to be reached, obtained, or approached.adv.
inaccessibly.ns. inaccessibility, inaccesslblenesB,
[L. in, not, and accessible.]
Inaccurate, in-aklcu-rat, adj., not accurate; not
exact or correct; erroneous.adv. Inaccurately.
[L. in, not, and Accurate.]
inaccuracy, in-ak'kO-ra-si, ., the quality of being
inaccurate; want of exactness; mistake.
Inaction, in-ak'shun, ., want of action; idleness;
rest. [L. int not, and action.]
Inactive, in-ak'tiv, adj., notactive; havingno power
to move : idle ; lazy : in chem., not shewing any
action.adv. inac'tively. [L. in, not, and active.]
Inactivity, in-ak-tiv'i-ti, n., want ofactivity; inert
ness ; idleness. [L. in, not, and activity.]
"52 fate, far ; me, her ; mine ;
inauguration
Inadequate, in-ad'e-kw5t, adj., not adequate or
sufficient.adv. inadequately. [L. in, not,
Adequate. ]
inadequacy, in-ad'e"-kwa-si, inadequatene&s, in-ad'e-
kwat-nes, ., state ofbeing inadequate.
Inadmissible, in-ad-mis'i-bl, adj., not admissible or
allowable.u. inadmissibility. [L. in, not,
admissible.]
Inadvertent, in-ad-vert'ent, adj., not advertent or
attentive.adv. inadvert'ently. [L. in, not,
advertent]
Inadvertence, in-ad-vert'ens, inadvertency, in-ad-
vcrt'en-si, n., lack of advertence or attention :
negligence ; oversight. [L. in, not, advertence.]
Inalienable, in-aTyen-a-bl, adj., not alienable or
capable of being transferred.n. Inallenablenesu.
[L. in, not, alienable.] *
Inane, in-an', adj., empty; void; void of intelli
gence ; useless. [L. inanis.]
Inanity, in-an1-tir n., empty space; senselessness.
inanition, in-a-nish'unf n., state of being inane;
emptiness; exhaustion from want of food.
Inanimate, in-an'i-mat, adj., not animate; without
animation or life; dead. [L. in, not, animate.]
inanimation, in-an-i-ma'shun, ., want of anima
tion; lifelessness, [L. in, not, and animation.]
Inanition, Inanity. See under Inane.
Inapplicable, in-ap'pli-ka-bl, adj., not applicable or
suitable.*. Inapplicability. [L. in, not, applic
able.]
lnapplicatlon, in-ap-pli-ka'shun, want of appli
cation or attention. [L. in, not, application. J
Inapposite, in-ap'pO-zit, adj., not apposite or suit
able.adv. Inap'positely. [L. in, not, Apposite.)
Inappreciable, in-ap-prc'shi-a-bl, adj., not appreci
able or able to be valued. [L. in, not, appre
ciable.]
Inapproachable, in-ap-prOch'a-bl, adj., notafproacii-
abte; inaccessible. [L. in, not, approachable.]
Inappropriate, in-ap-pr5'pri-5t, adj. , not appro
priate or suitable.adv. inappro'priately.. in-
appro priateness, [L. in, not, Appropriate.]
Inapt, in-apt', adj., not apt or fitadv. inaptiy.
n. Inaptitude, unfitness. [L. in, not, Apt.]
Inarticulate, in-ar-tik'Q-lat, adj., not articulate;
not distinct: in zool., not jointed.adv. lnartlc'-
ulately.ns. lnartlc'ulateness, inarticula'tion, in
distinctness of sounds in speaking. [L. in, not,
and articulate.]
Inartificial, in-ar-ti-fish'yal, adj., not artificial or
done by art ; simple.adv. lnartlflc'lally. [L. in,
not, artificial.]
Inasmuch, in-az-much', adv. since ; seeing that; this
being the case. [In, As, and Much.]
Inattentive, in-at-tent'iv, adj., not attentive ; care
less,adv. Inattentively. [L. in, not, attentive.]
Inattention, in-at-ten'shun, n., want ofattention ;
neglect; heedlessness. [L. in, not, attention.]
Inaudible, in-awd'i-bl, adj., not audible or able to
be heard.adv. lnaudlbly.. Inaudibility. [L.
in, not, and Audible.]
Inaugurate, in-av/gu-rat, v.t. lit. to constdt the
divining birds; to induct into an office in a
formal manner ; to cause to begin ; to make a
public exhibition of for the first time \pr.p.
inaugurating; pa.p. inaugurated. [L. inauguro,
-atum. Sec Augur/]
Inauguration, in-aw-gu-ra'shun, ., actofinaugurat
ing (in its different meanings).
mOtc ; mute ; mG5n ; Men.
 inaugurate* Incline
icaugurator, in-aVgu-rS-tor, *., one who inau j, in'sens, . lit. something set on fire; per
gurates, in-aw'gu-ral, adj., pertaining to, done, fume
inaugural,
given off by fire ; odour of spices burned
in religious rites ; the materials so burned.
or pronounced at an inauguration. Incentive, in-scn'tiv, adj. lit. striking up t/w tune;
Inauspicious, in-aw-spish'us, adj., not auspicious; action inciting ; encouraging.ft. that which incites to
ill-omened; unlucky.adv. lnaniplc'looily.. tivus, frommoves or the mind ; motive. [L. incen-
incinoin, and cano, to sing.]
IrtAuspic'iouaneBi. [L. in, not, auspicious.J
Inborn, in'bawrn, adj., born in or with; implanted Inceptive, in-scp'tiv, adj., beginning; expressing
beginning.adv. incep'tively. [L. incipio, incep-
by nature. [L. in, in, and Born.] tus, to beginin,
Inbreathe, in-brfi/A', v.t., to breathe into. [L. in, incipient, in-sip'i-ent,and capio,
adj., to take.]
beginning;
into, and breathe.] incipience, incip'iency.adv.t. Incip'iently.
Iabreed, in-brd', v.t., to breed or generate within. ing.ns. (L. incipiensincipio.]
ii
[L. in,in'bred,
into, and
Inbred, adj.,Breed.]
bred within; innate ; natural. Incessant, in-ses'ant, adj., not ceasing; uninter
rupted ; continual.adv. incessantly. [L. inces
Xncage, in-kaj', same as Encage. tous, -antisin, not, and cesso, to cease.]
Incalculable, in-kalTcQ-Iabl, adj., not calculable or Incest, in'scst, w., unchattity ; impurity; sexual
able to be reckoned.adv. incalculably. [L. in, intercourse within the prohibited degrees of kin
not, calculable. ]
Incandescent, in-kan-des'ent, adj., becoming warm Incestuous,[L.in-sest'u-us,
dred. incestumin, not, and castus, chaste.]
adj., guilty ofincest,adv.
or hot ; white or glowing with heat.. incan- lncest'uously.
des'cence, a white heat. [L. incandescentin, Inch, insh, n., the twelfth part of a foot: pro
and candetco, inceptive of candeo, to glow.] verbially, a small distance or degree. [A.S.
Incantation, in-kan-ta'shun, ., the act ofenchant indsa, ince, an inchL. uncia, a twelfth part.]
ing; enchantment [L. incantatio, from root of Inch, insh, inched, insht, adj., containing inches.
Enchant.] inch-meal, insh'-mel, n., apiece an inch Jong,adv.
Incapable, in-kap'a-bl, adj., not capable; insuffi by inches or small degrees ; gradually. [Inch,
cient ; unable ; disqualified.adv. incapably. and HealA.S. mael, a piece.]
n. lncapabU'lty. [L. in, not, and Capable.]
Incapacious, in-ca-pa'shi-us, adj., not capacious or Incidence, in'si-dens, a falling upon ; the meet
ing of one body with another ; the direction in
large ; narrow. [L. in, not, and capacious | which a bodyfalls on any surface : accident. [Fr. ;
Incapacity, in-ka-pas'i-ti, n., want of capacity or low L. incidentiaincidoin, upon, and cado,
power of mind ; inability ; disqualification. [L. to fall.]
in, not, capacity.] incident, in'si-dent,
Incapacitate, in-ka-paVi-tat, v.t., to deprive of liable to occur ; naturally belonging.n. adj.,falling upon ; fortuitous :
capacity ; to make incapable ; to disqualify. [L. whichfalls out or happens; an event : a subor that
in, not, capacitate.] dinate action; an episode. [Fr.L. incident.]
Incarcerate, in-kaYser-5t, v.t, to imprison; to con Incidental, in-si-dent al, adj., falling out ; -coming
fine pr.p. incarcerating ; pa.p. mcar'cerSted. without design ; occasional ; accidental.adv.
[L. in, and carcero, -atus,career, a prison ; Gr. incidentally.. incident alneas.
harkaron ; akin to Gr. herkos, a fence, and L. ah Incipient. Sec under Inceptive.
erceo, to enclose.]
Incarceration, in-kar-ser-a'shun, n., the act ofincar Incircle, in-scrkl, same as Encircle.
cerating; imprisonment. Incise, in-sW, v.t., to cut into; to cut or gash :
Incarnate, in-kaYnat, v.t., to embody in flesh: 1 inciterY..'.pr.p.
to engrave incTs'ingj/w^*. incised'. [Fr.
pr.p. incarnating ; pa p. incarnated.adj. to cut,] incido, incitutnin, into, and caedo,
invested with flesh. (low L. incarno, incamatus incision, in-sizh'un, the act ofcutting into a sub
in, and carv, camis, flesh.J stance ; a cut ; a gash. [Fr. ; L. incisio.]
Incarnation, in-kar-na'shun, act of embodying incisive, in-sl'siv, adj. , having the quality ofcut
in flesh; act of taking a human body and the ting into, or penetrating as with a sharp instru
nature of a man ; an incarnate form ; manifesta ment : acute ; sarcastic. [Fr. incisif]
tion : in Surg., the process of healing wounds and Incisor, in-sI*zor, ,, a cutter; a fore tooth which
filling the part with new flesh, cuts, bites, or separates.adj. lncufory. [L.]
lacarnative, in-kaVna-tiv, adj. , causingfleshtogrow. Incite, in-:-.! t', v.t., to rouse; to move the mind to
. a medicine which causes flesh to grow. action ; to encourage ; to goad :#r.p. inciting ;
Incase, in-kSs7, v.t. to put in a case; to surround Pa.p. incit'ed.adv. indt'lngly. IL.inciloin,
with something solid. [L. in, in, and Case.]^ and cito, to rousecieo, to put in motion.]
Incasament, in-kas'ment, n., act ofenclosing with a Incltation, in-si-ta'shun, incitement, in-slt'mcnt,
case; an enclosing substance. the act ofinciting ox rousing: that which stimu
Incautious, in-kaw'shua, adj., not cautious or care lates to action ; incentive. [Fr. ; I* incitatio.}
ful. adv. lncau'tiously.k. lncau'tlousneas, want Incivility, in-si-vifit-i, want of civility or
of caution. [L. in, not, and cautious.] courtesy ; impoliteness ; disrespect. [L. in, not,
Incendiary, in-sen'di-ar-i, n., one that setsfire to a and civility.]
building, &c. maliciously ; one who promotes Inclement, in-klem'ent, adj., not clemettt ; unmerci
quarrels.^', setting fire to ; relating to incen ful : stormy ; very cold.adv. inclem'ently.n.
diarism ; tending to excite sedition or quarrels. Inclemency,
n. mcen'diarlem. [L. incendiariusincendium, a Incline, in-klln', [L. in, not, and Clement.]
v.t., to bend towards; to deviate
fatincendo, incensus, to kindlein, and can from a line toward an object : to lean : to be
deo, toin-sens',
Incense, glow.) v.t. lit. to set on fire; to inflame disposed ; to have some desire.v.t. to cause to
with anger \prp. incensing ; pa.p. -i' bend towards : to give a leaning to ; to dispose :
fate, far ; me, her ; mine ; mote ; mute ; mOOn ; Men.
353
 inclinable Inconstant
to bend :pr.p. inclining : pa.p. inclined'.n. able ; matchless.n. incom'parableneBs.adv.
an inclined plane ; a regular ascent or descent. incom'parably. [L. in, not, and comparable.]
[L. inclinoin, towards, ditto, Gr. klinS, to bend. ] Incompatible, in-kom-pat'i-bl, adj., not compatible
Inclinable, in-klln'a-bl, adj., that may be inclined or consistent ; contradictory :pi. things which
or bent towards ; leaning : tending ; somewhat cannot co-exist.. incompatibility.adv. In
disposed.n. Inclln'ablenea. compatibly. [L. in, not, and Compatible.]
Inclination, in-kli-na'shun, the act of inclining Incompetent, in-kom'pf-tcnt, adj., not competent ;
or bending towards ; tendency : natural aptness : wanting adequate powers; wanting the proper
favourable disposition ; affection : act of bowing : qualifications ; insufficient.adv. 1
angle between two lines or planes. [L. in, not, and Competent.]
Inclose, in-kloY, v.t., to close or shut in; to con Incompetence, in-kom'pi-tens,
fine ; to surround : to put within a case : to fence : kom'p-ten-si, n., state of being incompetent:
;Pr.p. incloVing ; Pa.p. inclosed'. [L. include, want of sufficient power ; want of suitable
inclususin, in, and claudo, to shut.] means ; insufficiency.
Inclosure, in-kl6'zhur, n., act of inclosingl state of Incomplete, in-kom-plet', adj., not complete; im
being inclosed : that which is inclosed ; a space perfect.n. Incompleteness.adv. Incompletely.
fenced off: that which incloses ; a barrier. [L. in, not, and Complete.]
Include, in-klGOd', v.t., to close or shut in; to Incompliant, in-kom-plt'ant,
embrace within limits ; to contain ; to compre pll'a-bl, adjunct disposedIncompliable, to comply within-kom-
; un
hend 'pr.p. including ; Pa.p. inclOd'ed. yielding to request.n. Incompll'anoe.adv. In-
inclusion, in-klOo'zhun, n., act ofincluding. compli antly. [L. in, not, and compliant.]
inclusive, in-kl<50'siv, adj., shutting in; inclosing : Incomprehensible, in-kom-pre-hen'si-bl, adj. in
comprehending the stated limit or extremes. Prayer-Book, not to be comprehended or con
adv. inclusively. tained within limits : not comprehensible or cap
Incognisabie, incognizable, in-kog'nir-abl or in-kon'- able of being understood ; inconceivable.ns.
iz-abl, adj., not cognisable; that cannot be Incomprehensibility, incomprehen'sibleness, incom-
known or distinguished. [L. in, not, cognisable.] prehea'slon.adv. incomprehen'sibly. [L. in, not,
Incognito, in-kog'ni-tiS, adj., unknown ; disguised. and comprehensible ]
adv. in concealment ; tn a disguise ; under an Incomprehensive, in-kom-pre-hen'siv, adj., not com-
assumed title. [Fr. ; It. ;L. incognihtsin, prehensive ; limited.n. Incomprehen'alvenou.
not, and cognitus, knowncognosco, to know.] Incompressible, in-kom-prcs'i-bl, adj., not to be
Incoherence, in-kO-he"r'ens, want of coherence compressed into smaller bulk.n. incompressi-
or connection ; looseness of parts : want of con bil'ity. [L. in, not, and compressible.]
nection ; incongruity* [L. in, not, and coherence.] incomputable, in-kom-puYa-bl, adj., that cannot be
incoherent, in-ko-ncVcnt, adj.; not coherent or con computed or reckoned. [L. in, not, computable.]
nected; loose: incongruous.adv. incoherently. Inconceivable, in-kon-seVa-bl, adj., that cannot be
Incombustible, in-com-bus'ti-bl, adj., not combus conceived by the mind; incomprehensible..
tible; incapable of being consumed by fire.ns. inconceiv ableness.- adv. inconceivably. [L. in,
lncombutlbil'lty, lncombus'tiblenesi.adv. lncom- not, and conceivable.]
bus'tlbly. [L. in, not, and Combustible.] Inconclusive. in-kon-klOoViv, adj., not conclusive;
Income, inlcum, n. lit. that which comes in ,* the adv. not settlinga point in debate.w.lnconclusiveness.
gain, profit, or interest resulting from anything; Incondensable, Inconclusively, f L. in, not, conclusive.]
revenue. [L. in, in, arid Come.] in-kon-dens'a-bl, adj., not to be
condensed
Incommensurable, in-kom-men'sQ-ra-bl, adj., not . tncondansabUity. or made more dense or compact.n.
commensurable; having no common measure. Incongruous, in-kong'grtJo-us, [L. in, not, and condensable.]
ns. lncommenJurabU'ity, incommen'sur&bleness. inconsistent; unsuitable.n,adj., not congruous ;
adv. hicommen'aurably. [L. ztt,not,commensurable.] incongruously. [L. in, not, andincongruity.adv. congruous.]
Incommensurate, in-kom-men'su-rat, adj., not com
mensurate, or admitting of a common measure: .Inconsequent, in-kon'sS-kwent, adj., not consequent
not adequate ; unequal.- - a,:':-. Incommen'eurat oly. or following from the premises.n.Incon'sequence.
[L. in, not, and consequent.]
Incommode, in-kom-mOd', v.t., to cause trouble or inconsequential,
inconvenience to; to annoy; to molest:pr.p, sequential orin-kon-se>kwenfshal( adj., not con
incommCd'ing ; Pa.p. incommod'ed. t^- incom- prerniscs.adv. regularly following from the
inconsequentially.
modoin, not, and commodo, to make conve Inconsiderable, in-kon-sid'er-a-bl, adj., notconsider
nientcommodus, convenient. See Commode.]
Incommodious, in-kom-mO'di-us, adj., not com able ; not worthy of notice ; unimportantadv.
inconsiderably, j L. in, not, and considerable.]
modious; inconvenient: annoying.. inoom- Inconsiderate, in-kon-sid'6r-at, adj., not considerate;
mo'dlousness.adv. inconuno'dlously. thoughtless ; inattentive.. lnconsid exatnss.
Incommunicable, in-kom-rnGn'i-kabl, adj., that can adv. inconsid erately.
not be communicated or imparted to others.tw. Inconsistent, in-kon-sist'ent, adj. , not consistent; not
incommunlcabil'lty, lncommunicableness.adv. ln- suitable or agreeing with; contrary; not uniform;
commun'icably. [I,, in, not, and communicable.]
Incommunicative, in-kom-mQn'i-ka-tiv, adj., not irreconcilable.ns. lnconslst'ence, inconslst'eacy.
adv. inconsistently. [L. in, not, and consistent.]
communicative; not disposed to hold communion Inconsolable, in-kon-soTa-bl, adj., not eonsolable;
with ; unsocial.adv. ^communicatively.
Incommutable, in-kom-mufa-bl, adj., that cannot not to be comforted.adv. inconsolably. [L. in,
becommutedorexchanged.ns. mcommusability, not, and eonsolable.]
Incommut'ableness.adv. ineommut ably. [ L. in, Inconstant, in-kon'stant, adj., notconstant; subject
to change ; fickle.adv. incon'stantly.. incon'-
not, and commutable.] [L. in, not, and Constant.]
Incomparable, in-kom'par-a-bl, adj., not compar
fate, far; mS, her; mine; mote; mute; mOOn; then.
254
 Inconsumable Incur
Inconsumable, in-kon-sdm'a-bl, adj., not consum bot,, thickened towards the flower.n. I
able; that cannot be wasted. [L. in, not, and make tlon. [L. incrasso, -atumin, into, crasso, to
consumable.] thickcrassus, thick.]
Incontestable, in-kon-tcsr/a-bl, ad/., notcontestable; Incrassative, in-kras'a-tiv, adj., thickening.n. that
too clear to be called in question ; undeniable. Increase, has
which power to thicken.
adv. incontest'ably. [L. in, not, and contestable.] greater;in-kres', v.i., to grow in size ; to become
Incontinent, in-kon'ti-ncnt, adj., notcontinent or not advance ; toadvance.v.t.
to to make greater ; to
extend : to aggravate :pr.p. in
restraining the passions or appetites ; unchaste : creasing ; Pa.p.
in med., unable to restrain natural evacuations. tion to the original stock ; profit : growth
increased'.n. ; addi
produce ; pro
ns. incontinence, lncon'tlnency.adv. Incon geny : the enlarging of the luminous part of the
tinently. [L. in, not, and continent.] moon. [L. increscoin, in, cresco, to grow.]
Lieoutreliable, in-kon-troTa-bl, adj., not controll Increment, inltre-ment, n., act 0/increasing or be
able.adv. incontrolTably. [L. in, not, and con coming greater ; growth : that by which anything
trollable.] is increased : in math., the finite increase of a
Incontrovertible, in-kon-trO-vertl-bl, adj., not con variable quantity : in rhet., an adding of par
trovertible; too clear to be called in question. ticulars without climax, see 2 Peter i. 57* [**
adv. IncontroTert'ibly.n. lncontrorertibU'lty. [L. incrementumincresco.]
in, not, and controTertlble.] increscent, in-kres'ent, adj., increasing; growing.
Inconvenient, in-kon-ven'yent, adj., not convenient [U in, and Crescent.]
or suitable : causing; trouble or uneasiness ; in Incredible, in-kredl-bl, adj., not credible; surpass
creasing difficulty : incommodious.adv. Incon ing belief.Wv. Incredibly.n. incredibility.
veniently. [L. in, not, and convenient. } [L. in, not,in-kred'fl-lus,
and credible.]
Inconvenience, in-kon-vfn'ycns, uiconrenlency, in- Incredulous, adj., not credulous; hard
kon-vn'yen-si, n. , the quality of being- incon of belief.adv. Incred ulously.n. incredu lity.
venient; want ofconvenience : that which causes 1crescent. See under Increase.
trouble or uneasiness.v.t. Inconven ience, to put in-krim'in-5t, same as criminate.
to inconvenience ; to trouble or incommode : Incrust, in-krust', v.t, to cover with a crust 01
Pr.p. inconveniencing ; /a./, inconvenienced.
Inconvertible, in-kon-vertl-bl, adj., not convertible ; hard [L. in,
case ; to form a crust on the surface of.
and Crust.]
that cannot be changed.. lnconvertlbil'lty, Incrustation, in-krus-tl'shun, n., act ofincrusting;
[L. in. not, and convertible.]
Inconvlnclble, in-kon-vin'si-bl, adj., not convincible abody crust or layer of anything on the surface of a
or capable of conviction.adv. lnconvin'cibly. Incubate,; an inlaying of marble, mosaic, &c.
uVkfl-bat, v.i, to sit on eggs to hatch
[L. in, not, and convincible. ] them :pr.p. intubating ; Pa.p. intubated. [L.
Incorporate, ih-kor'po-rSt, v.t., toform into a body ; inatbo, -atumin, upon, cubo, to lie down].
to combine into one mass : to unite : to form into
a corporation.v.i. to unite into one mass ; to Incubation,eggs to
in-kQ-ba'shun, ., the act of sitting on
hatch them: in med,, the period between
become part of another body.adj. united in the implanting of a disease and its development.
one body ; mixed. [L. incorporo, -atum-in, into, Incubator, inTcQ-ba-tor,
corpora, to furnish with a body. See corporate.) eggs by artificial heat.n., a machinefor hatching
_ sleep as of
Incorporation, in-kor-po-r&'shun, n., act of incor Incubus, inTcQ-bus, n. a sensation during
porating; state of being incorporated : formation a weight lying on the breast, nightmare : any
of a legal or political body ; an association,
incorporeal, in-Kor-p'/rc-al, adj., not corporeal or oppressive or stupefying influence.//, in'cubuses,
Iscubl (inicu-bl). [L.incubo.]
having a body ; spiritual.adv. lncprpo'reiily. [L. Inculcate, in-kiu"klt, v.t. lit to tread or press in ;
in, not, and corporeal.]
Incorrect, in-kor-rekt/, adj., notcorrect; containing tocul'ciiting
enforce by frequent admonitions .pr.p. in-
;pa.p. incufcated.n. incul'cator. [L.
faults : not accurate : not according to the rules inculco, inculcalumin, into, calco, to tread
of duty.adv. Incorrectly.. incorrect acta. calx, the heel.] . by
[L. in, not, and comet.] Inculcation, in-kul-ka'shun, n., act ofimpressing
incorrigible, in-korri-jibl, adj., not corrigible ; bad frequent admonitions.
beyond correction or reform.adv. Incor rigibly. Inculpable, in-kul'pa-bl, adj., not culpable; blame
ns. ingorrigiUeneas, incorrigibll ity. less.-adv. lncul'pably. [I* in, not, and culpable.)
Incorrodible, in-kor-rDd'i-bl, adj., not corrodible or Inculpate, in-kul'pat, v.t., to bring into blame; to
able to be rusted. [L. in, not, and corrodible.]
Incorrupt, in-kor-rupr*, adj., not corrupt; sound \ censure n.
:pr.p. incul'pating ; pa.p. incul'pated.
inculpa tion, [low L. inculpo, inculpatusn
pure : not depraved ; not to be tempted by in, into, culpa, a fault.]
bribes.adv. incorrupt ly. [L. in, not, corrupt.] inculpatory, in-kul'pa-tor-i, adj., imputing blame-
Incorruptible, in-kor-rupti-bl, adj., not corruptible Incumbent, in-kunVoent, adj., lying or resting on ;
or capable of decay ' that cannot be bribed ; in
flexibly just.adv. incorrupt ibly. n. incorrupt'1- holds an ecclesiastical benefice or any one
lying on as a duty ; indispensable.n, who
office.
blenees.
Incorruption, in-kor-rup'shun, n., state 0/being in adv. lncum'bently. [L. incumbens, -enits, pr.p.
corrupt or exempt from corruption. of incumbo, incubo, to lie upon.] Sec Incubate,
lncorruptnesa, in-kor-rupt'nes, ., quality of being incumbency,
on
in-kum'ben-si, ., a lying or resting
; the holding of an office ; an ecclesiastical
exempt from corruption or decay : purity of benefice. [L. incumbo.]
mind. .
Incraaute, in-kras'at, v.t., to make thickv.i. ii Incumber,
Incur,
in-kum'ber, &c. same as Encumber, &c.
in-kuV, v.t. lit to run into, to fall upon ; to
med., to become thicker '.pr.p. incrass'S.ting become liable to ; to bring on pr.p. incurring ;
Pa.p. incrass'ated.adj. made thick or fat : u
fate, far ; me, her ; mine ; mOte ; mute ; mGOn ; Men, 255
 incursion indication
fia.fi. incurred'. [L. incurro, uuursumin, into, Indemonstrable, in-de-mon'stra-bl, adj., not able to
be demonstrated or proved. [L. in, not, demon
atrro, toin-kur'shun,
Incursion, run.J n. lit. a running against ; strable.]
a hostile inroad. [L. incursioincurro.} Indent, in-dent', v.t. to make into the form of teeth;
incursive, in-kur'siv, adj., pertaining to or making to cut into points like teeth; to notch ; in print.,
an incursion or inroad. to begin further in from the margin than the rest
Incurable, in-kur'a-bl, adj., twt curable; not ad of a paragraph.v.i. to be notched ; to turn :
mitting ofcorrection.n. one beyond cure.adv. fir.p. indenting; Pa.p. indent'ed.. a cut or
incur'ably.ns. lncor'ablenen, incurabii'lty. [L. notch in the margin : a recess like a notch, [low7
L. indentoin, and dens, dentis, a tooth.]
in, not, and curable.] indentation, in-den-tu'shun, n., act of indenting
Incursion. Incuralve. See under Incur. or notching ; notch ; recess.
Incuxvate, in-kin/vat, v.t., to curve, to bend:Pr.fi. indenture, in-dcnr/Or, ., something indented: a
incur'vating ; pa.p. mcurVated.adj. curved in
ward.n. ikcurva'tlon. [L. incurvo, incurvatum written a
agreement between two or more parties ;
contractv.t. to bind by indentures ; to in
in, in, and curvus, bent See Curve.]
Indebted, in-dct'cd, adj. being in debt : obliged by dent:P*".p>
[indentures
indenr/Qring ; Pa-P. indentured,
were originally duplicates indeftted
something received.n. indebtedness. [L. in, so as to correspond to each other.]
in, and debt.] Independent, in-de"-pcnd'ent, adj., not dependent or
Indecent, in-de'sent, adj., not decent ; offensive to relying on others ; not subordinate; not subject
modesty or delicacy.-adv. indecently.. inde'- to bias ; affording a comfortable livelihood : be
cency. j [,. in, not, and Decent] longing to the Independents.adv. independ
Indecision, in-de-sizh'un, want ofdecision or re ently.ns. independence, independ'ency. [L. in,
solution ; hesitation. [L. in, not, and decision.] not, and dependent.]
indecisive, in-dsi'siv, adj., not decisive; unsettled; Independent, in-dS-pcnd'ent, n. one who in religious
wavering.adv. indeci lively.n. lndeci'sivenei*. affairs holds that every congregation is inde
Indeclinable, in-dfi-klln'a-bl, adj. in gram., not pendent
declinable or not varied by inflection.adv. inde- authority.of every other and subject to no superior
clln'ably. \L. in, not, and declinable.]
Indecomposable, in-de"-kom-poz'a-bI, adj., not de Indescribable, in-d-scrTb'a-bI, adj., not describesble
or capable of being described. [L. in, not, and
composable. [L. in, not, and decomposable ] descrlbable.]
Indecorous, in-deMcO'rus, adj., not decorous or be Indestructible, in-de-struVti-bl, adj., not destruc
coming ; violating good manners.adv. indeco'- tible or able to be destroyed.adv. lndeatruc -
roosly. [L. in, not, and decorous.]
Indecorum, in-de-ko'rum, n,, "want ofdecorum or tibly.n. structible.]
indestructibility. [L. in, not, and de
propriety of conduct. [L. in, not, and decorum.] Indeterminable, in-dSler'min-abl, adj., not deter
Indeed, in-d2d', adv. lit in tfte deed; in fact; in minable; not to be ascertained or fixed.-adv.
truth ; in reality. [In, and Deed.] mdeterminably. [L. in, not, determinable.]
Indefatigable, in-dfi-far/i-ga-bl, adj., that cannot be indeterminate, in-de-ter'min-at, adj., not determin
fatigued or wearied out ; unremitting in effort ; ate or fixed ; uncertain.adv. indeterminately.
persevering.adv. lndafat'lgably.n. lndefat'- indetorminatlon, vi-dC-ter-min-a'shun, ., want of
igablenees. [L. indcfatigabilisin, not, de, down, determination; a wavering state of the mind;
andfatigo, to tire.] want of fixed direction. [unsettled.
Indefeasible, in-dS-fcz'i-bl, adj., not defeasible or ^determined, in-de-ter'mind, adj., not determined;
to be defeated or made voidadv. Indefeaa ibiv. Index. See under Indicate.
n. lndefeasibllity. [L. in, not, and defeasible.]
Indefensible, in-de-fen'si-bl, adj., not defensible:; Indian, in'di-an, adj., belonging to the Indies, East
that cannot be maintained or justified. adv. In- or West, or to the aborigines of America.n. a
native of the Indies ; an aboriginal of America,
defen'sibly. [L. in, not, and defensible,] [from the river Indus, applied oy mistake to the
Indefinable, in-d-fln'a-bl, adj., not definable. W. Indies by the first discoverers who thought
adv. indefinably. [L. in, not, and definable.] they had arrived at India.]Indian corn, maize,
indefinite, in-defi-nit adj., not definite or limited ; so called because brought from W. Indies. Indian
not precise or certain.adv. indefinitely.n. ink, a substance used in water-colours, composed
lndef initeneea. [L. in, not, and definite.] oflamp-black and animal glue, orig. used in India
Indelible, in-del'i-bl, adj., not deleble or able to be chouc, or rather in China.Indian or India-rubber, caout
blotted out or effaced. adv indelibly.n. indeli so named from its use in rubbingout pencil-
bility. . [L. in, not, and deleble.] marks.
Indelicate, in-dcll-kat, adj., not delicate ; ofTensive Indiaman, in'di-a-man or ind'ya-man, n. a large ship
to good manners or purity of mind ; coarse. employed in trade with India.
adv. indelicately. [L. in, not, and Delicate.] Indicate, in'di-kut, v.t., to make known; to fioint
indelicacy, in-del'i-ka-si, want of delicacy or out; toshew :fir.p. in'dicating ;pa.p. in dicated.
refinement of taste and manners ; rudeness. [L. indico, -atumin, and dice, to proclaim.]
Indemnify, in-dem'ni-fl, v.t., to make good for indicator, instrument
in'di-ka-tor, n., one who indicates; an
on a steam-engine to shew the pres
damage done ; to save harmless :fir.fi. indemni sure.adj. Indicatory, shewing,
fying ; Pa.p. indem'nified. (L. in, not, and indicative, m-dik'a-tiv, adj., pointing out; giving
damnificodamnum, loss, andfacio, to make.]
Indemnification, in-dem-ni-fi-ka'shun, ., act of in intimation of; in gram., applied to the mood of
the verb which indicates, i.e., affirms or denies,
demnifying*, that which indemnifies, adv. indlc'atlvely.
indemnity, in-dem'ni-ti, n., securityfrom damage, indication, in-di-kashun, actofindicating : that
loss, or punishment ; compensation for loss or which indicates ; mark; token; symptom.
injury. [L. indemnitas.]
fate, far ; mS, her ; mine ; mote ; mute ; moon; Men.
256"
 index Indomitable
Index, in'dcks, n. [pi. index**, in'deks-ez, and in Indiscriminate, in-dis-krim'i-n5t, adj., not discrim
math. , Indices, in di-scz), anythingthai indicates inating; not distinguishing; confused.adv.
or points out; a hand that directs to anything, indiscriminately. [L. in, not, and Discriminate.]
as the hour of the day, &c. : table of contents Indispensable, in-dis-pens'a-bl, adj., that cannot be
to a book: in math., the exponent of a power. dispensed with; absolutely necessary.adv. in
v.t. to provide with or place in an index : dispensably.n. lndispens'ablenesa. [L. in, not,
Pr.p. in'dexing; pa.p. in'dexed. [L. index, in dispensable. ]
dictsindico. ]
Indict, in-dir*, v.t., to declare publicly; to charge Indispose, in-dis-poV, v.t. to render indisposed or
less fit ; to make averse to; to disorder slightly,
with a crime formally or in writing csp. by a as the health. [L. in, not, and Dispose.]
grand jury:fir./, indjet'ing; Pa.p. indicted. Indisposed, in-dis-pOzd', adj., not disposed; averse;
[L. in, and dicta, freq. of dico, to say.) disinclined; slightly disordered in health.n.
indictable, in-dlt'a-bl, adj., liable to be indicted. lndispoa'ednes*.
iudiction, in-dik'shun, n. lit. a declaration of a tax ; indisposition, in-dis-pfl-zish'un, n., state of being
a cycle of fifteen years, instituted by Constantino indisposed; disinclination : slight illness.
the Great. [ L. indictis. \
Indictment, in-dlt/ment, n., act of indicting, or Indisputable, in-dis'pQ-tabl, adj., not disputable;
state of being indicted; a formal charge of a too adv.
evident to be called in question ; certain.
indisputably.n. lndis'putableness. [L. in,
grand jury ; the paper containing it not, and disputable.]
Indifferent, in-dif'cr-ent, adj. lit. without a differ' Indissoluble, in-dis'sol-Q-bl, adj., not dissoluble;
ence ; without importance ; of a middle quality ;
neutral; unconcerned.. indifference, [h. tn, that cannot be broken or violated ; inseparable ;
binding for ever.adv. indis'solubly.ns. indis'-
not, and different. ] solnblenesa,in-dis-tingktr,
indissolubility.adj.,[L. not
in, not, dissoluble.]
Indifferently, in-difer-ent-li, adv.f in an indifferent Indistinct, distinct; not
manner: in Prayer-Book, without distinction, plainly marked : not clear to the mind ; ambig
impartially : tolerably, passably. uous.adv. lndlstinctiy., mdlstlnct'nesa. [L
Indigent, in'di-jent, adj., in need ofanything; des in, not, and distinct.]
titute of means of subsistence ; poor.adv. In mdiitlnguisnable, in-dis-ting/gwish-a-bl, adj., not
digently. [L. indigens, -entis, pr.p. of indigeo distinguishable.adv. lndistin gulsnably.
indu for in, in, and egeo, to need.]
Indigene*, in'di-jens, #*., condition ofbeing indigent Indite, in-dTt', v.t., to dictate what is to be uttered
or written; to compose or write.v.i. to com
or poor ; poverty. pose :pr.fi. indlt'ing ; pa.p. indir/ed.ns. lnv
Indigenous, in-dij'en-us, adj., native, bom or ori dit'er, indite'ment. [old Fr. endiier, endicter,
ginating in; produced naturally in a country. from root of Indict.]
[L. indtgenusindu or in, in, and gen, root of Individual, in-di-vid'fl-al, adj., not divided; subsist
gigno, to beget] ing as one ; pertaining to one only.n. a single
Indigested, in-di-jest/ed, adj., not digested; unar- person, animal, plant, or thing.adv. lndlvld'-
ranged ; not methodised. [L. in, not, and nally. [Fr. individuel, It. individualeL. in-
digested. See Digest.] dividuusin, not, dividuus, divisibledivido,
Indigestible, in-di-jest'i-bl, adj., not digestible; not to divide.]
easily digested ; not to be received or patiently individualise, in-di-vid'u-al-Tz, v.t. to distinguish
endured.adv. radigasVibly. each individual from all others ; to particularise :
Indigestion, in-di-jest/yun, n., want of digestion; Pr.p. individ'ualTsing; pa.p. individ'uallscd.
painful digestion. [L. in, not, and digestion. J n. lndlvldualisa'tlon. [Fr. individualiser.]
Indignant, in-dig'nant, adj. lit. considering as un individualism, in-di-vid'fl-al-izm, n. the state of
worthy or improper; affected with anger and
disdain.adv. indignantly. [L. indignans, -an- regard society
to individual interests instead of those of
at large.
tis, pr.p. of indignorin, not, dignus, worthy.]
Indignation, in-dig-na'shun, n., the feeling caused Individuality, in-di-vid-u-aHt-i, ., individual or
separate existence ; oneness: distinctive character.
by what is unworthy or base ; anger mixed with individuate, in-di-vid'fl-at, v.t., to individualise;
contempt. [L. indtgnatio.] to make single 'Pr.p. individuating ; Pa.p. in-
Indignity, in-dig'ni-ti, n. lit. unworikiness ; unmer divid'uated.n. Individuation.
ited contemptuous treatment ; incivility with Indivisible, in-di-viz'i-bl, adj., not divisible; in
contempt or insult. [L. indignitas.} math., incommensurable.n. in math., an inde
Indigo, in'di-go, n. a blue dye obtained from the finitely small quantity.adv. lndlvis'ibly..
stalks of the indigo or Indian plant. [Fr. ; It. lndlvis'ibleness. [L. in, not, and divisible.]
indaco; L. indicum, from Indicus, Indian.] Indocile, in-dos'tl, adj., not docile; not disposed to
Indirect, in-di-rekt*, adj., not direct or straight ; be instructed.n. IndocUity. [L. in, not, and
not tending to a result by the plainest course; Docile.]
not straightforward or honest.adv. indirect ly. Indoctrinate, in-dok'trin-at, v.t. to instruct in any
n. lndirect'ness. [L. in, not, and Direct, j doctrine ; to imbue with any opinion '.pr.p.
Indiscernible, in-diz-zem'i-bl, adj., not discernible. indoctrinating ; pa.p. indoctrinated.n. lndoe-
adv. lndl*ccrnlbly. _[L. in, not, discernible.] trina'tlon. [L. in, into, doctrina, doctrine.] See
Indiscovers>ble, in-dis-kuVer-a-bl, adj., not dis doctrine.
coverable. [L. in, not, discoverable. ] Indolent, in'do-lent, adj. lit. and orig. free from
Indiscreet, in-dis-kret', adj., not discreet; impru Pain or trouble; taking one's ease; indisposed
dent ; injudicious.adv. indiscreet ly.n. indis- to activity.adv. In'dolantly.n. indolence. [L.
in, not, dolens, -entis, pr.p. ofdoleo, to sufferpain.]
creet'neM. [L. in, not, and Discreet ]
Indiscretion, in-dis-krcsh'un, n., want ofdiscretion; Indomitable, in-dom'it-abl, adj., that cannot be
rashness ; an indiscreet act. tamed; not to be subdued.adv. Indomitably.
fate, far ; me, her ; mine ; mOte ; mute ; mSOa ; Men.
Q

[L. indomitus, untamedit, not, doneo, to
tame.]
Indorse, in-dors', v.f. lit. to Put ufcn the back of;
to write upon the back of; to assign by writing
on the back of : to give one's sanction to :pr.p.
indorsing : pa.p. indorsed'.n. indoiVw. [lowl*.
indorsoL. in, upon, dorsum, the back.]
Indorsee, in-tinr-sc', n. the person to whom a bill,
&c. is assisted by indorsement.
indorsement, m-dors'mcnt, ., act ofwriting on the
back of a bill, &c. in order to transfer it ; that
which is written on a bill, &c ; sanction given
to anything, [low L. indorsamentum.]
Indubious, in-dG"bi-us, adf.f not dubious; certain.
[L. in, not, and dubious.]
Indubitable, m-dO'bit-abl, adj., that cannot be
doubted; too plain to be called in question ;
certain.adv. Indubitably.n. indu'bitabiencas.
[L. indubitabilisin, not, dubito, to doubt.] See
, in-dfls', p./., to lead to or into ; to prevail
on : to cause : inphysics, to cause, as an electric
state, by mere contact of surfaces :pr.p. induc
ing ; Pa.p. induced'.n. lnduc/er. [L. induco,
indueturnin, into, duco, to lead.]
Inducement, in-duVment, n.r that which induces or
causes : in law, a statement of facts introducing
other important facts,
inducible, in-dQs'i-bl, adj., that may be induced;
offered by induction.
Induct, in-dukr/, v. t. lit to bring- in ; to introduce ;
to put into possession, as of a benefice '.pr.p.
inducting ; pa.p. inducted.n. lnduct'or.
Inductile, in-duk'til, adj., not ductile; that cannot
be drawn out into threads*n. lnductiTity.
Induction, in-duk'shun, act ofinducting; intro
duction toan office, especially ofa clergyman : the
act or process of reasoning from particulars to
generals : in physics, the production by one body
of an opposite electric state in another by con
tact.adj. induc'tionaL
in-duk'tiv, adj., leading or drawing*;
j to inferences ; proceeding by induction
in reasoning.adv. lndnc'tlvely.
Indue, in-dQ', v.t., to Put on, as clothes ; to invest
or clothe with ; to supply with :pr.p. indQ'ing ;
Pa.p. indued'.. indue ment. [L. induoGr.
enduS, to put onen, into, dud, to enter.]
lnduslum, in-du'zhi-um, n. lit. an under garment:
in bot., a sort of hairy cup enclosing the stigma
of a flower ; the scale covering the fruit spot of
/ems. [L.induo.]
induaiaJ, in-dQ'zhi-al, adj. in geol., composed of
indusia, or the petrified larva-cases of insects.
Indulge, in-dulj', v.t. lit. to be tweet or agreeable
to ; to yield to the wishes of; to allow, as a favour :
not to restrain, as the will, &c.v.i. to allow one's
self:pr.p. indulging; Pa.p. indulged'.n. In-
dulg'er. [ L. indulgeoin, towards, dulcis, sweet,
agreeable.]
Indulgent, in-dul'jent, adj., indulging; yielding to
the wishes of others ; compliant : not severe.
adv. indulgently. [L. induigtns, -entis, pr.p. of
indulgeo.]
Indulgence, in-dul'jens, ., the quality of being
indulgent ; permission ; gratification : in R.
Catholic Church, a remission, to a repentant
sinner, of the punishment which, would otherwise
await him in purgatory.
Indurate, tn'du-rat, v.t., to harden, as the feelings.
v.i. to grow hard ; to harden :pr.p. in'dOrat
fate, far ; mS, her ; mine ;
'I
ing : pa.p. in'durated.n. indura'tlon. [L. im
induratumin,in,duro,to hardendurus,h<\rd. J
IndualeJ, Induslom, &c. See under Indue.
Industrious, in-dus'tri-us, adj. diligent or active in
one's labour ; laborious ; diligent in a particular
pursuit.adv. industriously, [perhaps from
indu, old form of in, within, and struo, to heap
up, to manufacture.]
industry, in'dus-tri, qualityofbeing industrious;
steady application to labour; habitual diligence.
Industrial, tn-dus'tri-al, adj., relating to or consist
ing in industry.adv. indus trially.
Indwelling, in'dwel-ing, adj., dwelling within.n.
residence within, or in the heart or soul [L. in,
within, and dwelling.]
Inebriate, in-fi'bri-it, v.t.f to make drunk; to in
toxicate :Pr.p mfi'bnating ; J>a.p. ine'briated.
[L. inebrio, tnebriatumin, inten., ebrio, to
make drunkebrius, drunk.] See Ebrlety.
inebriation, in--bri-a'shun, inebriety, in-e-brl'e-ti,
., drunkenness ; intoxication.
Inedlted, in-cd'it-ed, adj., not edited; unpublished.
[L. in, not, and edited.]
Ineffable, in-eFa-bl, adj., that cannot be spoken or
described.adv. Ineffably.n, ineffableness. [L.
ineffabilisin, not, effabiliseffor, to speak, to
uttereffor ex, out,for, to speak.]
Ineffaceable, in-ef-fas'a-bl, adj., not effaceabU, ox
capable of being rubbed out.adv. lnefface'ably.
[L. in, not, and effaceable.]
Ineffective, in-ef-fek'tiv, adj., not effective; ineffi
cient ; useless.adv. ineffectively. [L. in, not,
and effective.]
ineffectual, in-ef-fek'tfl-al, adj., not effectual; fruit-
less.adv. ineffec'tually.n. ineffec'tualness.
Incfllcacy, in-effi-lca-si, ., want ofefficacy or power
to produce effect.
Inefficacious, in-ef-fi-ka'shi-us, adj., not i
not having power to produce am"
efficaciously.
inefficient, in-ef-fish'ent, adj., notefficient; effecting
nothing.adv. ineffic iently. n. Ineffic iency.
Inelegant, in-cl'-gant, adj., not elegant; wanting
in beauty, refinement, or ornament.adv. inele
gantly. [L. in, not, and elegant.]
inelegance, in-el'e'-gans, inelegancy, in-el'C-gan-si, .,
want ofelegance ; want of beauty or polish.
Ineligible, in-cl'i-jibl, adj., not eligible; not capable
or worthy of being chosen.adv. inel lgibly.n.
Ineligibility. [L. in, not, and eligible.]
Ineloquent, in-cl'dMtwcnt, adj., not eloquent; not
fluent or persuasive. [L. in, not, and eloquent )
Inept, in-cpt', adj., not apt or fit ; unsuitable ; fool
ish ; inexpert, adv. lnept'ly.n. ineptitude. [L.
ineptusin, not, aptus, apt.] See Apt.
Inequality, in-6-kwol'i-ti, ., want of equality;
difference in equality; inadequacy; incompe
tency: unevenness; dissimilarity. [L. im, not,
and equality.]
inequitable, in-ek'wi-ta-bl, adj., not equitable? 01
just. [h. in, not, and equitable.]
Ineradicable, in--rad'i-ka-bl, adj., not able to Be
eradicated or rooted out.adv. ineradicably.
[L. in, not, and root of Eradicate. ]
Inert, in-ert/, adj. lit without art ; dull : sense
less : inactive; slow; without the power ofmoving
itself, or of active resistance to motion ; powerless.
adv. inertly.. Inert ness. [L. i/iers, inertis
in, not, and ars, artis, art. See Art,]
mOte ; mute ; moon ; Men,
 Inertia
, in-eVshi-a, n.t inertness ; the inherent pro
perty of matter by which it tends to remain for
ever at rest when still, and in motion when moving.
[1*1
Inessential, tn-es-sen'shal, adj., not essential or
necessary. [L. in, not, and essential.]
Inestimable, in-es'tim-a-bl, adj., not able to be esti
mated or valued ; priceless.adv. inestimably.
[L. in, not, and estimable.]
Inevitable, in-ev'it-.vbl, adj., not able to be evadedor
avoided; that cannot be escaped ; irresistible.
adv. inevitably.n. inev'ltableneu. [L. inev-
siabilis<!,_ not, and evitabilis, avoidable
evito, to avoide, out of, and vito, to avoid.]
Inexact, in-egz-akt, adj., not exact; not precisely
correct or true.n. inexact'neu. [ L, in, not, and
Exact.]
Inexcusable, in-cks-kQz'a-bl, adj., not excusable or
justifiable ; unpardonable*-adv. inexcus'ably.
n. Inexcus'ableneas. [L. in, not, and excusable.]
Inexhaiuted, in-egx-haust'ed, adj., not exhausted
or spent. [L. in, not, and exhausted.]
Inexhaustible, in-egz-hausti-bl, adj., not able to be
exhausted or spent ; unfailing.adv. inexhauit'-
Ibly., inexhauitlbil'ity.
Inexorable, in-egr'or-a-bl, adj., not to be moved by
entreaty; unrelenting ; unalterable.adv. inex/-
orably.ns. inexorablenees, inexorabil'lty. [L. in-
exorahHisin, not, and exorabilis, from exoro
ex, and oro, to entreat, from os, oris, the mouth.]
Inexpedient, in-eks-pe'di-ent, adj., not expedient ;
not tending to promote any end ; unfit ; incon
venient.adv. inexpediently.ns. lnexpe'dlence,
tnexpe dlency. [L. in, not, and expedient.]
Inexperience, in-eks-pri-ens, n., ivant of experi
ence. [L. in, not, and Experience.]
inexperienced, in-eks-pe'ri-enst, adj., not having
experience ; unskilled or unpractised.
Inexpert, in-eks-pert, adj., not expert or skilled.
n. inexpert'neai. [L. in, not, and expert.]
Inexpiable, in-eks'pi-a-bl, adj., not able to be expi
ated or atoned for.adv. lnex'piably.n. inex'-
piableness. [L. in, not, and expiable.]
Inexplicable, in-eks'pli-ka-bl, adj., not explicable or
able to be explained ; unintelligible.adv. lnex/-
plicably.ns. inexplicabil'ity, lnexfpUcablcnesi.
[L. in, not, and explicable.]
, in-eks-plis'it, adj., not explicit or clear.
[L. in, not, and explicit.]
Inexpreseible, in-cks-prcs'i-bl, adj., not expressible
or able to be expressed ; unutterable ; indescrib
able.adv. inexpressibly. [L. in, not, expressible.]
inexpressive, in-eks-prcs'iv, adj., not expressive or
significant.. i&exprees'iveness.
Inextinguishable, in-eks-ting'gwish-a-bl, adj., not ex-
tinguishableor able to be extinguished, quenched,
or destroyed.adz>. mextm'guishably. [h.in, not,
and extiagnlshabla.]
Inextricable, in-eks'tri-kabl, adj., not extricable or
able to be extricated or disentangled.adv. inex'-
trlcably. [L. in, not, and extricable.]
Infallible, in-faH-bl, adj. , notfallible; incapable of
error; trustworthy; certain.adv. infallibly.
n. infallibil ity. [L. in, not, and fallible.]
Infamous, in'fa-mus, adj., of ill fame or bad
report ; having a reputation of the worst kind ;
publicly branded with guilt ; notoriously vile ;
detestable; disgraceful.adv. ln'famously. [L.
, not, andfama, fame. See Fame.]
fate, far ; mi, her ; mine ;
infidelity
infamy, in'fa-mi, n., HIfame or repute ; public dis
grace ; extreme vileness.
Infant, in'fant, n. a child not able to speak; a babe ;
in law, a person under 21 years of age.adj.
belonging to infants or to infancy; tender: in
tended for infants. [ Fr. enfant, L. tnfans, -antu,
that cannot speakin, not, andfans, from for,
fori, to speak, Gr. phimi. ] See Fame.
Infancy, in'fan-si, n., the state or time of being an
infant; childhood ; the beginning of anything.
infanticide, in-fanti-sld, n., infant or child murder;
the murderer of an infant.adj. lnXant'icidaL
[L. infanticidiuminfans, and caedo, to kill.]
infantile, in'fant-Il or -il, infantine, in'fant-Tn or -in,
adj., pertaining- to infancy or to an infant.
Infantry, tn'fant-nt n. lit. a band ofinfants or ser
vants ; foot-soldiers. [Fr. infanterte, Sp. , It. in-
fanteriainfante,fante, a child, a servant, a foot-
soldier, foot-soldiers being formerly the servants
and followers of knights.]
Infatuate, in-fat'u-at, v.I., to matefoolish ; to affect
with folly ; to deprive of judgment ; to inspire
with foolish passion; to stupefy!/*-./, infat
uating; Pa.p. infatuated.n. infatua'tion. [L.
infatuo, -aturnin, andfatuus, foolish.]
Infatuate, in-fat'u-at, adj., infatuated or foolish.
Infect, in-fekt', v.t. lit. todipinto; to communicate;
to taint, especially with disease; to corrupt;
to poison '.pr.p. infecting ; Pa.p. infected. [L.
inftcio, infectumin, into, andfacia, to make.]
infection, in-fek'shun; n., act of infecting; that
which infects or taints.
infections, in-fek'shus, Infective, in-fek'tiv, adj.,
having the qualities ofinfecting; corrupting ; apt
to spread.adv. Infec tiously.. infectiousness.
Infelicitous, in-fc-iis'i-tus, adj., not felicitous or
happy. [h. in. not, and felicitous.]
Infelicity, in-fe-lisri-ti, n., want offelicity or happi
ness ; misery ; misfortune ; uniavourableness.
Infer, in-fet, v.t. lit. to bring into; to deduce; to
derive, as a consequence :/"./. inferring ;pa.p.
inferred'. [L. inferoin, into, andfero, to bring.]
Inferable, in-ferVbl, Inferrible, in-fert-b), adj., that
may be inferred or deduced.
inference, in'fer-ens, n., that which is inferred or
deduced ; conclusion ; consequence.
inferential, in-fer-en'shat, adj. deducible or deduced
by inference.adv. inferen'tially.
Inferior, in-fe"'ri-ur, adj., lower in any respect ; sub
ordinate ; secondary.n. one lower in rank or
station; one younger than another. [L. inferior,
comp. of inferus, low, from infra, beneath.] a
inferiority, in-f<S-ri-or'i-ti, n., the state of being
inferior; a lower position in any respect.
Infernal, in-fetnal, adj., belonging to the lower
regions or hell ; resembling or suitable to hell;
devilish.adv. mfer'nally. [L. infemus inferus.
Infertile, in-fer'til, adj., notfertile or productive.
n. infertil ity. [L. in, not, and Fertile.]
Infest, in-fest, v.t., to attach or molest ; to dis
turb; to harass:prf infesting; Pa.p. infested.
[L. infesto, from inffstus, hostile, old participle
of inferoin, into,fero, to bear.]
Infidel, in'fi-del, adj. lit. unfaithful or faithless;
not giving faith to anything; unbelieving; scep
tical: disbelieving Christianity; heathen.n. one
who withholds belief, esp. from Christianity. [L.
infuielisin, x\o\,fidelis, faithful /ides, faith.]
Infidelity, in-fi-del'i-ti, n., want offaith or belief ;
disbelief in Christianity; unfaithfulness, esp. to
the marriage contract ; treachery.
mote ; : SJ9
 Infiltrate
Infiltrate, in-fil'trat, v.t., to enter a substance by
fill ration, or through its pores.. Infiltration,
the process of infiltrating, or the substance infil
trated. [L. in, in, and filtrate]
Infinite, in'fin-it, adj., not finite; without end or
limit ; without bounds.-adv. in'flnltely.n. in'-
finite, that which is infinite ; the Infinite Being
or God. [L. in, not, and finite.]
jnfiniteeimai, in-fin-i-tes'im-al, ad/., infinitelysmall.
n. an infinitely small quantity.adv. infinitei'-
imally.
infinitive, in-fin'it-iv, adj. lit. unlimited, unre
stricted ; in gram., the mood of the verb which
expresses idea without person or number.adv.
inflnitlvely. [L. infinitivusJ]
infinitude, in-fin'i-tud, infinity, in-fin'i-ti, n., state or
quality of being infinite ; boundlessness; im
mensity ; countless or indefinite number.
Infirm, in-firm', adj., notfirm or strong ; feeble ;
sickly ; weak : not soLid : irresolute ; imbecile.
[L. m, not, and Firm j
infirmary, in-ferm ar-i, *. a hospital orplace for the
infirm, [low L. infirmarium.]
infirmity, in-ferm'it-i, n., state of being infirm;
disease ; failing ; defect ; imbecility.
Twflf in-fiks', v.t., tofix in; to drive or fasten in;
to set in by piercing. [L. in, in, and Fix.]
Inflame, in-flam', v.t. , to cause toflame; to cause to
bum: to excite; to increase; to exasperate.
v.i. to become hot, painful, or angry. [L. in,
into, and Flame.]
Inflammable, in-flam'a-bl, adj., that may 6e inflamed
or caused to burn ; combustible ; easily kindled.
n. Inflammabilityadv. lnflamm'ably.
Inflammation, in-fiam-2'shun, ., act ofinflaming;
state of being inflame : heat ofapart of the body,
with pain and swelling : violent excitement: heat.
Inflammatory, in-flam'a-tor-i, adj., tending to in
flame; inflaming ; exciting.
Inflate, in-flar*, v.t., to blow into; to swell with
air: to puff up :Pr.p. inflar/ingj/a./. inflat'ed.
adv. lnflat'lngly. [ L. inflo, inflatumin, into,
andflox to blow.]
Inflation, in-fla'shun, ., act of inflating; state of
being puffed up,
lnflatni, m-fia'tus, n., a blowing or breathing into ;
inspiration. [L.]
Inflect, in-nekf*, v.t., to bend in; to turn from a
direct line or course : to modulate, as the voice:
in gram., to vary in the terminations '.-Pr.p. in
flecting ; pa.p. lnflect'ed. [L. ittflcctoin, in,
andflecto, flexum, to bend.]
Inflection, in-flek'shun, ., act ofinflecting; modu
lation of the voice : in gram., the varying in
termination.adj. inflectional.
inflective, in-flekt'iv, adj., having the power of
bending.
lnflexed, in-flekst*, adj., bent inward; bent ; turned.
inflexible, in-fleks'i-bl, adj.. not flexible or able to
be bent; unyielding; unbending.ns. Inflexibil
ity, lnflexibleneas.adv. Inflex ibly. [L. in, not,
Flexible.]
Inflexion, same as Inflection.
inflexnre, in-fleks'Or, n., a bend or fold.
Inflict, in-flikr/, v.t. lit. to strike against; to lay,
or send on ; to impose, as punishment '.pr.p.
inflicting; pa.p. inflict/ed. [L. infligo, infltctum
in, against andfligo, to strike.]
infliction, in-flik'shun, ., act of inflicting or im
posing : punishment applied.
Inflictive, in-flikt'iv, adj., tending ox able to inflict.
fate, far; mc, her; mine;
Ingathering
Inflorescence, in-flOr-es'ens, ., a beginning to
flower or blossom ; character or mode of flower
ing of different plants. [L. inflorescensinjlcrr-
esco, to begin to blossom.] See florescence.
Influence, in'flSo-ens, n. lit. aflowing into or upon ;
a power whose operation is unsccft: authority;
power.v.t. to affect: to move: to direct:
Pr.p. influencing ; pa.p. in'fluenced. [low L.
influentiaL. influens, -entisinfluoin, into,
andfluo,fluxum, to flow.]
influential, in-flo7J-en'shal, adj., having or exerting-
influence or power over.adv. lnflnen'tlaUy.
Influenza, in-flOo-en'ra, n. a severe form of catarrh
occurring epidemically and orig. supposed to be
caused by the influence of the stars. [It.]
influx, in'fluks, ., act of flowing in; infusion:
a coming in : importation in abundance. [L.
influxusinfluo.]
Infold, in-fold', v.i., tofold into or over; to inwrap;
to involve : to embrace. [L. in, into, and Fold. ]
Inform, in-form', v. t. lit. to put intoform or shape :
to impart knowledge to. [L. it, into, and Form.]
Informal, in-form'al, adj., notformal or in proper
form; irregular.n. informality.adv. infona'-
ally. [L. in, not, and formal.]
informant, in-form ant, n.t one who informs or
gives intelligence.
information, in-for-ma'shun, *. , act ofinforming or
communicating knowledge : knowledge : an ac
cusation given to a magistrate or court.
Informer, in-form'er, n., one who informs or gives
intelligence : one who tells a magistrate of the
violations of law.
Infraction, in-frak'shun, n., act of breaking in;
violation. [L. infractioin, in, and frango,
fractus, to break.] See Fraction.
infrangible, in-fran'ji-bl, adj.. notfrangible or able
to be broken ; not to be violated.ns. infrangibU-
lty, infrangibleneas.
infringe, in-frinj', v.t., to break in; to violate; to
neglect to obey :Pr.p. infringing ; Pa.p. in
fringed'. [L. infringo in, andfrango. ]
infringement, in-frinj'mcnt, n., act of infringing;
violation; non-fulfilment.
Infrequent, in-frSTcwent, adj., notfrequent; rare;
uncommon.n. infre'quency.adv. infrequently.
[L. in, not, and Frequent.]
Infuriate, in-fu'ri-at, v.t., to makefurious; to en
rage ; to madden '.pr.p. infu'riiting ; pa.p. in-
fQ riated. [L. in, andfurio, -aturn, to madden
furo, to rave.]
Infuse, in-fur*, v.t., to pour into; to inspire with :
* to introduce: to steep in liquor without boiling:
Pr.p. infQs'tng ; pa.p. infused'. [L. in, into,
fundOffusum, to pour.]
infusible, in-fuVi-bl, adj., notfusible; that cannot
be dissolved or melted. [L. in, not, and fusible.J
infusion, in-fu'zhun, ., act ofinfusing: inspiration :
the steeping of any insoluble substance in water
at any temperature below the boiling-point, in
order to extract its active qualities ; the liquid
so obtained. [L. infusio.]
infusoria, in-fu-so'ri-a, n.pl. microscopic animals
inhabiting infusions or water containing decay
ing matter. [L.]
infusorial, in-fu-so'ri-al, infuory, in-fu'sor-i, adj.,
Pertaining to the infusoria ; composed of or
containing infusoria.
Ingathering, in'ga7A-er-ing, *., a gathering in ; act
or business of collecting and securing the fruits
of the earth ; harvest (In, and gathering.]
mute; mate; mOCn; Men.
 Ingenious
Ingenious, in-jeiii-us, adj. lit. having inborn quali
ties ; of good natural abilities ; skilful in invent*
ing; witty.adv. ingeniously.n. Inge'niousnes*.
[L. ingeniosusin, and gen, root of gigno, to
begetJ
Ingenuous, m-jen'il-us, adj. lit. free-born, ofgood
birth; frank: honourable: free from deception.
adv. ingenuously.n. ingen'uousness. [I. in-
genuus,j
Ingenuity, in-jen-Q'i-ti, n. orig. ingenuousness ;
power of ready invention ; facility in combining
ideas ; skill : curiousness in design. [L. inget^
uitasingenuus.]
Inglorious, in-glo'ri-us, adj., not glorious ; without
honour ; shameful.adv. Inglo rtously.n. inglo'-
riousness. [L. in, not, and glorious.]
Ingot, in'got, n. orig. a mould in which metals were
poured or cast ; a mass of metal poured into a
mould; a mass of unwrought metal, csp. of gold
or silver. [Ger. ein-guss, a pouring in'-
giessen, Dutch, in-gieten, to pour in. ]
Ingraft, in-graft', v.t., to graft or insert a shoot
of one tree into another : to introduce : to fix
deeply :pr.p. ingrafting ; pa.p. ingrafted.
[L. in, into, and Graft. J
lngraJtment, in-graft'ment, n., act of ingrafting:
the thing ingrafted ; a scion.
Ingrain, in-gran', v.t., to put into the grain or
natural texture ; to dye in the raw state : to
infix deeply :Pr.p. ingrain'ing ; Pa.p. ingrained'.
[L. in, into, and Grain, growth.]
Ingratiate, in-gr;Vshi-2t, v.t., to commend to the
grace- or favour of; to secure the good-wilt of
fmother \~Pr.p, ingratiating; /a./.mgra'tiiited.
L. in, into, and gratia, favour. See Grace.]
Ingratitude, in-grati-tud, n., want ofgratitude;
unthankfulness. [L. in, not, and gratitude.]
Ingredient, in-gr6'di-cnt, ., that which enters into
a compound ; a part of anything. [L. ingrediens,
-entis, pr.p. of ingrtdiorin, into, and gradior,
to walk, to enter. See Grade.]
Ingress, inures, ., entrance; power, right, or
means of entrance. [L. ingressusingredior.]
Inguinal, in'gwin-al, adj. , relating to the groin,
[L. inguinalisinguen, inguinis, the groin.]
Ingulf, in-gulf, v.t. to swallow up in a gulf; to
cast into a gulf : to overwhelm :Pr.p. ingulf
ing; Pa.p. ingulfed'. [In, and Qulf.]
lngulfment, in-gulfment, state ofbeingingtdfed;
a swallowing up in a gulf.
Ingurgitate, in-gurji-tfit( v.t. , to swallow upgreedily
as in a gulf;pr.p. ingurgitating; Pa.f. ingur
gitated. [L. ingurgito, -atumin, into, and
gurges, a gulf, whirlpool.]
Inhabit, in-hab"it, v.t. to be in the habit of living
in ; to dwell in ; to occupy :Pr.p. inhabiting ;
pa.p. inhabited. [L. in, in, and habito, to have
frequently, to dwellhabeo, to have. ]
Inhabitable, in-habit-a-bl, adj., that may be inhab
ited. [L. inhabitabilis.}
Inhabitant, in-habit-ant, inhab'lter, in B., one
who inhabits; a resident. [L. inhabitant.}
Inhale, in-hai', v.t. lit. to draw in the breath; to
draw into the lungs '.pr.p. inhaling ; pa.p. in
haled'. [L. inhaloin, in, and halo, to breathe.]
Inhalation, in-ha-UVshun, n., act ofinhaling.
Inhaler, in-hal'er, he who or that which inhales.
Inharmonious, in-har-mO'ni-us, adj., not harmoni
ous; harsh; discordant.adv. Inharmo'nlously.
n. tnharmo'niousness. [ L. in, not, and harmonious.]
fate, far ; me", her ; mine ;
Initiate
Inhere, in-heV,'T.rv to stickfast ; to remain firm
in :pr.p. inhering ; jPa.p. inhered'. [L. inhereo
in, and hereo, to sack.]
Inherent, in-hcVent, adj., stickingfast ; existing in
and inseparable from something else ; innate ;
natural.adv. lnher'ently. [L. inherent.]
Inherence, in-heVens, Inherency, in-heVen-si, n., a
sticking fast ; existence in something else ; a
fixed state of being in another body or substance.
Inhesion, in-heVzhun, same as Inherence.
Inherit, in-herit, v.t., to take as heir or by descent
from an ancestor: to possess.v.i. to enjoy, as
property:^-./, inheriting; Pa.p. inherited.
[L. inhereasto, to inheritin, and heres, heredis,
an heir.]
Inheritable, same as heritable.
Inheritance, in-herit-ans, that which is or may
be inherited; an estate derived from an ancestor ;
hereditary descent : natural gift : possession :
in B., future reward of righteousness.
inheritor, in-herit-or, n., one who inherits or may
inherit; an heir.
inheritress, in-herit-res, Inheritrix, in-herit-riks, n.,
afemale who inherits or may inherit; an heiress.
Inhesion. See under Inhere.
Inhibit, in-hibit. v.t., to hold in or back ; to keep
back; to check:Pr.p. inhibiting: fd-P. inhib
ited. [L. inhibeo, -hibitumin, in, and habeo,
to have, to hold.]
inhibition, in-hi-bish'un, n., the act of inhibiting
or restraining : the state of being inhibited : pro
hibition : a writ from a higher court to an inferior
judge to stay proceedings.
inhibitory, in-nib'it-or-i, adj. prohibitory.
Inhospitable, in-hos'pit-a-bl, adj., not hospitable;
affording no kindness to strangers.n. inhos'pit-
ableness.adv. inhos'pitably. [L. in, not, and
hospitable.]
lnbospltallty, in-hos-pi-tali-ti, want of hospi
tality or courtesy to strangers.
Inhuman, in-hu'man, adj., not human ; barbarous ;
cruel ; uncompassionate,adv. inhumanly. [L.
in, not, and Human.]
inhumanity, in-hu-mani-ti, n., the state of being
inhuman; barbarity; cruelty.
Inhume, in-hum', v.t., to deposit in the earth; to
inter }fr.p. inhuming; pa.p. inhumed'. [L.
inhumoin, in, and humus, the ground.]
inhumation, in-hQ-ma'shun, ., the act ofinhuming
or depositing in the ground ; burial
Inimical, in-imi-kal, adj., like an enemy, not
friendly; contrary ; repugnant.adv. lnlm'ically.
[L. intmicalis, inimicusin, not, and amicus,
friendlyamo, to love.]
Inimitable, in-imit-a-bl, adj., not imitable or able
to be imitated ; surpassingly excellent.adv.
Inimitably. [L. in, not, and Imitable.]
Iniquity, in-ik'wi-ti, n., want ofequity orfairness;
injustice : unreasonableness : wickedness ; a
crime. [L. iniquitasiniquus, unequalin,
not, and atquus, equal or fair.]
iniquitous, in-ikVi-tus, adj.,full of iniquity; un
just : unreasonable : wicked.adv. inlq'uitously.
Initial, in-ish'al, adj., Pertaining to the beginning;
commencing: placed at the beginning.n. the
letter beginning a word, esp. a name.v.t. to
put the initials of one's name to. [L. initialis
initium, a beginningin, into, eo, itum, to go.]
initiate, in-ishi-at, v.t., to make a beginning; to
instruct in principles ; to acquaint with : to mtro-
mOte ; mute ; moon ; then.
261
 duce into a new state or society;.v.i. to perform
the first act or rite '.pr.p. ini'tiating ; Pa.p. ini
tiated.n. one who is initiated.adj. fresh ; un
practised. [L. initio, to beginin, into, and eo,
ttum, to go. ]
Initiation, in-ish-i-a'shun, n.t act or process of ini
tiating or acquainting one with principles before
unknown ; act of admitting to any society, by
instructing in its rules and ceremonies,
initiative, in-ish'i-a-tiv, adj., serving to initiate ;
introductory.n. an introductory step.
Initiatory, in-ish'i-a-tor-i, adj., tending to initiate;
introductory.n. introductory rite.
Inject, in-jekt^ v.t., to throw into; to cast on:
pr.p. injecting ; Pa.p. inject'ed. [L. injicio, in
jectionin, into, andjacio, to throw.]
injection, in-jek'shun, act ofinjecting or throw
ing in or into : the act of fining the vessels of an
animal body with any liquid : a liquid to be in
jected into any part of the body.
InjBdHfM, in-jOO-dish'al, adj., notjudicial; not ac
cording to law forms. [L. in, not, and Judicial.]
Injudicious, in-jCo-dish'us, adj., not judicious;
void ofjudgment ; inconsiderate.adv. injudici
ously.n. injudl'ciousness. [L. in, not, Judicious.]
Injunction, in-jungk'shun, act of enjoining or
commanding ; an order ; a precept : exhortation :
a writ ofprohibition granted bya court of equity.
[L. injunctioin, andjungo, junctum, tojoin.]
Injure, in'jOTr, v.t., to act with injustice or contrary
to law; to wrong ; to damage : to annoy 'Pr.p.
injuring ; Pa.p. injured. [L. injuriorinjuria,
injuryin, not, andjus, juris, law.]
injurious, in-jGO'ri-us, adj., tending to injure;
unjust ; wrongful : mischievous : damaging repu
tation.adv. injuriously.n. lnju'rloumeu.
injury, m jGor-i, ., that which injures; wrong:
mischief: annoyance : in Pr. Bk., insult, offence.
Injustice, in-jus'tis, n.t want ofjustice; violation
or withholding of another's rights or dues ;
wrong: iniquity. [L. in, not, and Justice.]
Ink, ingk, n. a coloured fluid used in writing, print
ing, &c,v.t. to daub with ink :-~Pr.p. ink ing ;
pa.p. inked'. [Fr. encre; Dutch, inkt ; It. tn-
chiostroL. encaustum, the purple-red ink used
only in the signature of the emperors, Gr. eng-
kaustonengkaio. to burn in.]
Ink-holder, ingk'-hola-cr. Inkstand, ingk'stand, ., a
vesselfor holding ink.
Ink-born, ingkMiorn, n., an ink-holder, formerly of
horn ; a portable case for ink, &c
taking-roller, ingk'ing-roTer, ., a roller covered
with a composition for inking printing types,
inklng-t&ble, ingk'ing-ta'bl, a table or flat sur
face used for supplying the inking-roller with
ink during the process of printing.
Inky, ingk'i, adj., consisting ofor resembling ink;
blackened with ink.n. ink/mess.
Inkling, ink'ling, n,, a hint or whisper : intimation.
(from a frequent form of the root of Hint.]
Inlaid, in-lad', Pa.p. of Inlay.
Inland, inland, adj., within the land; remote from
the sea: carried on or produced within a country ;
domestic : confined to a country.n. the interior
part of a country. [In, and Land.]
Inlander, in'land-er, n., one who lives inland.
Inlay, in-la', v.t., to lay within; to ornament with
insertions of pieces of pearl, &cn. pieces of
pearl, &c. for inlaying. [In, and lay.]
lulayer, m-li'er, ., one who inlays; a
worker.
fate, far; me, her ;
Inlet, in1et; n. a passage by which one is let in ;
place of ingress : a small bay. [In, and Let.]
Inly, inli, adj., inward; secretadv., inwardly;
in the heart, [A.S. inlicin, and ly, like.]
Inmate, in'mat, n., a mate or one who lodges in the
same house with another; a lodger: one re
ceived into a hospital, &c [In, and Mate.]
Inn, in, n. orig. a large
for the lodging and entertainment
e
of travellers ;
a hotel : a college of students of law: in B,% a
lodging. [A.S. inn, inne, an inn, housein, inn,
within : Ice. inni, a house, inni, within.]
Inn-holder, in'-hold-er, inn-keeper, in'-kep-er, n., on*
who holds or keeps an inn.
Innate, in'nat or in-nftt*, adj., inborn; natural;
inherentn. in'natenew.adv. In nately. [L.
innatusinnascor-in, in, nascor, to be bom.]
Innavigable, in-nav'i-ga-bl, adj., not navigable;
impassable by ships.adv. tiuiaVifakky. [h. in,
not, and navigable,j
Inner, Innermost. See under In.
Inning, in'ing, the ingathering of grain : turn
for using the bat in cricket.//, lands rear
from the sea. [A.S. innungin, inn, 1
harm or faultadv. tn'nocently. [L. i
-entisin, not, and noceo, to hurt.]
innocence, in'nO-sens, innocency, in'no-sen-si, n.,
Quality of being innocent ; 1
lessness ; purity; integrity,
nnocuoua, in-nok/Q-us, adj., n
[L. innocuus.']
Innoxious, in-nok'shus, same as Innocuous.adv.
lnnox'lously. [L. in, not, and Noxious.]
Innovate, in'O-vit, v.t., to introduce somethingnew.
v.i. to introduce novelties; to make changes:
Pr.p. innovating ; pa.p. inn'ovated. [L. m-
novo, -novaturnin, and novo, to make new.]
Innovation, in-O-va'shun, n., act of innovating ox
introducing what is new : change, alteration.
Innovator, in G-va-tur, n., one iv/io innovates, or
introduces something new.
Innoxious. See under Innocent.
Innuendo, in-u-en'do, n. lit a suggestion conveyed
by a nod; a side hint ; an indirect reference or
intimation. [L. ;innuoin, and nuo, to nod.]
Innumerable, in-nu'mer-a-bl, adj not numerable
or able to be numbered ; countless.n. innu'mer-
mu'inerably. [L. in, not, and
'us, adj., not i
ithout nourishment. [L. in, not, nutritious.]
innutrition, in-nQ-trish'un, ft., want of nutrition ;
failure ofnourishment
Inobservant, in-ob-zeiVant, adj., not observant ;
heedless. [L. in, not, and observant.]
Inobtruslve, in-ob-troo'siv, adj., not obtrusive.n.
inobtru'slveness. adv. lnobtru'slvely. [L. in, not,
and obtrusive.]
Inoculate, in-ok'u-lat, v.t., to insert an eye or Bud;
to ingraft : to communicate disease by inserting;
matter in the skin.v.i. to propagate by bud
ding ; topractiseinoculation ipr.p. inoc'ulating ;
Pa.p. inoc ulated. [L. inoculo, -atumin, into,
and oculus, an eye.] See Ocular,
inoculation, in-ok-u-la'shun, n., act or practice of
 Inodorous
inoculating-; insertion of the buds of one plant
into another: the communicating of disease by
inserting matter in the skin. [L. inoculatio.]
, in-O'dur-us, adj. , not odorous or yielding
[L. ix, not, and odorous.]
, in-of-fen'siv, adj., not offensive; giving
offence; harmless.adv. Inoffea'slvelv.n.
slvoness. [L. in, not, and offensive. |
in-of-nsh'al, adj., not official ; not pro
ceeding from the proper officer ; without the
usual forms of authority.adv. inoffic'ially. [L.
in, not, and official]
Inoperative, in-op'er-a-tiv, adj., not operative or
active ; producing no effect [L. in, not, and
operative.]
Inopportune, in-op-por-tun', adj., not opportune ;
unseasonable in time.adv. Inopportunely. [ L.
in, not, and Opportune.]
Inordinate, in-or'di-nat, adj., not ordinate or regu
lar ; beyond usual bounds ; immoderate.adv.
inordinately.n. lnor'dinateneu. [L, in, not,
and ordinate. ]
inardination, in-or-di-na'shun, n., disorder; irregu
larity. [L. inordinatio.]
Inorganic, in-or-gan'ik, adj. , not organic or having
living organs.adv. Inorganically. [L. in, not,
and organic]
xnorgaxuscd, in-or'gan-Trd, adj. same as Inorganic.
Inosculate, in-osTcQ-Ut, v.t. and v.i. lit to kiss; to
unite, as two vessels in an animal body ; to
blend:Pr.p. inos'cQliting ; Pa.p. inosculated.
n. inosculation, [ L. in, osculor, -atum, to kiss.]
Inquest. See under Inquire.
Inquietude, uvkwl'et-ud, n., want of quietude or
rest of body or mind. [L. in, not, and quietude.]
Inquire, in-kwlr', v.t., to search after or /or; to
ask a question ; to make an investigation.v.t.
to ask about ; to make an examination regarding :
pr.p. inquiring ; Pa.p. inquired'. [L. inquire
in, and queero, quantum, to seek.]
inquirer, in-kwlr er, n. , one who inquires.
Inquiring, in-kwlrlng, adj.,given to inquiry.adv.
lnquir iugly.
Inquiry, in-kwT'ri, ., act 0/inquiring ; search for
knowledge ; investigation ; a question.
Inquest, inTtwest, act of inquiring; search :
judicial inquiry; a jury for inquiring into any
matter, csp. any case of violent or sudden death.
inquisition, m-kwi-zish'un, an inquiring or
searching for ; investigation; judicial inquiry : a
tribunal in some Catholic countries for examining
and punishing heretics. [TV. ; L. inquiiitio.]
inquisitional, in-kwi-zish'un-al, adj., making in*
quiryi relating to the Inquisition.
Inquisitor, in-kwSl-tur, n.. one who inquires; an
official inquirer : a member of the Court of In
quisition.adj. inquisitorial.adv. inquisito'-
rially. [L.]
Inquisitive, in-kwizl-tiv, adj., searching into; apt
to ask questions ; curious.adv. Inquisitively.
n. Inqulsltlveness. [L. inquisitivus.}
Inroad, in'rOd, n. a riding into an enemy's country;
asudden or desultory invasion ; attack ; encroach
ment. [L. in, into, and road.]
Insalubrious, in-sa-lOo'bri-us, adj., not salubrious or
healthful ; unwholesome.n. buaJu'brlty. [L.
in, not, and Salubrious.]
Insane, in-s.\n', adj., not sane or of sound mind ;
mad : Dertainimr to insane persons ; rashly con-
[L. in, not, and Sane.]
fate, far ; mi, her ; mine ;
Inside
Insanity, in-sanl-ti, *., want of sanity; state of
being insane ; madness.
Insatiable, in-sa'shi-a-bl, adj., thatcannotbesatiated
or satisfied; very greedy.adv. lnsa'tiably.
ns. lnsa tlableness, ins*'tlability. [ L. in, not, and
satiable.]
Inscribe, in-skrlb', v.t., to write upon ; to engrave,
as on a monument ; to address ; to imprint
deeply; in geom., to draw one figure within
another :pr.p. inscrlb'ing ; pa.p. inscribed'.
?t. lnscrib'er. [L. inscribe, inscriftusin, upon,
and scribo, to write.}
inscription, in-skrip'shut* a writing upon ; that
which is inscribed ; title ; dedication of a book to
a person. ^ [L. inscription]
inscriptive, in-skrip'tiv, adj., bearing inscription;
of the character of an inscription.
Inscrutable, in-skrOO'ta-bl, adj., that cannot be
scrutinised or searched into and understood ;
inexplicable.adv. inscru'tably.ns. lnscru'ta-
billty, lnscTu'tableness. [ L. inscrvtabilisin, not,
and scrutor, to search into.]
Insect, in'sekt, n. lit. something cut into; a small
animal, as a wasp or fly, with a body as if cut in
the middle, or dividea into sections ; anything
small or contemptible.adj. like
small; mean. [L. insectum, pa.p. < '
into, and seco, to cut]
insectUe, in-sck'til, adj. having the nature of an
insect.
bisection, in-sek'shun, a cutting in; incision,
insectivorous, in-sek-tiv'or-us, adj., devouring or
living on insects. [L. insectum, and voro, to
devour.]
Insecure, in-sc-kGr'f adj. , not securc ; apprehensive of
danger or loss; exposed to danger or loss.adv.
Insecurely.n. imecur lty. [L, in, not and Secure.]
Insensate, in-scn'sat, adj., not gifted with sense;
wanting sensibility ; stupid. [L insensatusin,
not and sensatus, from sensus, feeling.]
Insensible, in-sen'si-bl, adj., not sensible or having
feeling; callous; dull: imperceptible by the
senses.adv. lnsen'slbly.n. insensibility. [L.
in, not, and sensible.]
Insentient, in-sen'shi-ent, adj., not sentient or
having perception. [L. in, not, and sentient.]
Inseparable, in-sep'ar-abl, adj., not separable or
able to be separated.-adv. inseparably.ns. 1b-
sep'sxsbleness, inseparability. [L. in, not, and
separable.]
Insert, in-sert', v.t. lit to join into; to introduce
into ; to put in or among '.pr.p. insert'ing ; Pa.p.
inserted. [L. in, and sero, sertum, to join.]
insertion, in-ser'shun, act of inserting 1 con
dition of being inserted : that which is inserted.
Insessorlal, in-scs-sO'ri-al, adj. having feet (as birds)
formed for perching or climbing on trees. [L.
insessor, from instdeo, insessumin, on, and
sedeo, to sit.]
Inseverable, in-se^er-abl, adj. , not severable or able
to be severed or separated. [L. in, not, and
severable.]
Insheathe, in-she'th', v.t., toput or hide in a sheath.
[L. in, and sheathe.]
Inshore, in-shoV, adv. , on or near the shore. [In,
and Shore.]
Inahrlne, in-shrln', same as Enahrine.
Insiccatlon, in-sik-ka'shun, n. act of drying in.
[ L. in, in, and sicco, siccatum, to dry.]
Inside, in'sld, n. the side or part within.adj.
1
 Insidious Instigation
being within; interior.adv. orpr*p. within the Inspection, in-spek'shun, ., the act ofinspectingor
sides of ; in the interior of. [In, and Side.J looking into ; careful examination ; official ex
Insidious, in-sid'i-us, adj. lit. tilting in wait; inspector, amination ; superintendence.
watching an opportunity to ensnare ; intended into ; anin-spekt'ur, n., one who inspects or looks
to entrap ; treacherous. adv. insidiously.ft. in- spect'orship,examiner ; a superintendent.n. ln-
the office of an inspector.
gld'lousness. [L. insidiosusinsidia*, an ambush
insideoin, and sedeo, to sit.] Inspire, in-splr', v.t., to breathe into; to draw or
Insight, in'slt, n., sight into; view of the Interior: inhale into the lungs ; to infuse by breathing, or
as if by breathing : to infuse into the mind; to
thorough knowledge or skill ; power of acute instruct by divine influence ; to instruct or affect
observation. [In, and Bight.]
Insignia, in-sig'ni-a, ft., signs or badges of office or with a superior influence.v.i. to draw in die
honour ; marks by which anything is known. inspirein, into,inspiring
breath :fr.j>. ; Pa.p. inspired'. [L.
[L,, pi. of insigne, from in, and signurn, a mark.] lnspirable, in-spTr'a-bl,andadj., spiro, to breathe.]
able to be inspired or
insignificant, in-sig-nifl-kant, adj., not significant ; inhaled.
destitute of meaning; without effect ; unimport inspiration, in-spi-rt'shun, ., the act of inspiring
ant ; contemptible.adv. Insignificantly./is. or breathing into ; a breath ; the divine influence
Insignificance, Insignificancy. [L. in, not, and by which the sacred writers were instructed ;
significant.J superior elevating or exciting influence..
insigniflcatiTt, in-sig-nifi-ka-tiv, adj., not significa inspiratory, in-splra-tor-i, or in'spir-a-fcr-I, adj.,
tive or expressing by external signs. belonging to or aiding inspiration or inhalation.
Insincere, in-sin-seV, adj., not sincere ; deceitful; lnipirer, in-spTr'er, n., one who inspires.
not to be trusted ; unsound.adv. Insincerely. inspirit, in-spirlt, z>.t., to infuse spirit into; to give
n. insincerity. [L. in, not, and Sincere.] new life to ; to invigorate ; to encourage '-Pr.f.
Insinuate, in-sin'u-2t, v.t. lit. to thrust into the inspiriting; Pa.p. inspirited. [In, and Spirit.]
bosom ; to introduce gently or artfully ; to hint ; Inspissate, in-spis'at, v.t., to thicken, as fluids :
to work into favour.v.i. to creep or flow in ; Pr.p. inspiss'ating ; pa.p. inspissated. [L. in*
to enter gently ; to obtain access by flattery or spisso, -aturnin, and spissus, thick.]
stealth \pr.p. insin'ualing ; pa.p. insin uated. Instability, in-sta-bil i-ti, ., want of stability or
n. linin uator. [L. instnuo, -a(urnin, and steadiness; want offirmness ; inconstancy ; fickle*
sinus, a curve, bosom.] ness ; mutability. [L. in, not, and stability.]
Insinaating, in-sin'O-al-ing, adj., tending to insin Install, Instal, in-stauT, v.t. to place in a stall or
uate or enter gently; insensibly winning confi seat ; to place in an office or order ; to invest in
dence.adv. insin uatingly.
Inslnuative, in-sin'Q-fi-tiv, adj., insinuatingor steal any charge or office with the customary cere
monies. [In. and Stall.]
ing on the confidence ; using insinuations.
Insinuation, in-sin-Q-2'shun, ., act ofinsinuating : installation, in-stal-15'shun, n., theact ofinstalling
or placing in an office with ceremonies.
power of insinuating : that which is insinuated ; Instalment, m-stawl'ment, n., the act ofinstalling;
a hint. [Fr. ; L. insinuation
Insipid, in-sip'id, adj., tasteless; wanting spirit or one of the parts of a sum paid at various times ;
that which is produced at stated periods.
animation ; dull.adv. insipidly.nr. insipid Instance. See under Instant.
ness, insipidity, want of taste. [L. insipidus
in, not, sapidus, well-tastedsapio, to taste.] Instant, in'stant, adj. lit standing by or nearI
Insist, in-sist', v.i. lit. to stand upen; to dwell on pressing, urgent ; immediate ; quick ; without
in discourse ; topersist in pressing '.Pr.p. insisr/- delay ; present, current, as the passing month.
ing ; pa.p. insist ed. [L. in, upon, sisto, to stand.] n. the present moment of time ; any moment or
Insure, in-snaV, v.t. to catch in a snare; to entrap ; point of time.adv. instantly, on the instant or
to take by deceit ; to entangle. [In, and Snare.] moment zealously.
; immediately : in B., importunately,
[L. instans, -antis, pr.p. of Onto,
Insobriety, in-sO-brT'e-ti, ., want of sobriety ; in to stand uponin, upon, sto, to stand.] i
temperance. [L. in, not, and sobriety.]
Insolent, in'so-lent, adj. lit. contrary to custom; stant; momentary ; occurringadj.,
Instantaneous, in-stan-tiin'e-us, done man in
or acting at once ;
haughty and contemptuous ; insulting ; rude. very quickly.adv. instantaneously.
adv. Insolently.n. in'aoiance. [L. insolensin, Instance, in'stans, quality of being instant or
not, solens, pr.p. of soleo, to be accustomed.] urgent; solicitation: occurrence; occasion; ex
Insolidlty, in-so-lid'i-ti, ., want ofsolidity; weak ample.v.t. to mention as an example or case in
ness. [L. in, not, and solidity.] point:pr.p, in stancing ; Pa.p. in'stanccd. [L.
Insoluble, in-sol'Q-bl, adj., not soluble or capable of instantiainstans.]
being dissolved ; not to be explained.ns. insolu Instate, in-stlt', v.t. to put in a state or place ; to
bility, lnsol'ubleneti. [L. in, not, and Soluble.] install. [In, and Bute.]
Insolvable, in-solva-bl, adj., not solvable; not to be Instead, in-sted', adv. , in the stead, place, or room
explained. [L. in, not, and solvable.]
insolvent, in-sol'vent, adj., not solvent or able to Instep, [In,
of. and Stead.]
pay one's debts; belonging to insolvent persons. humanin'step, foot
n. the prominent upper part of the
near its junction with the leg; in
n. one who is not solvent or able to pay his horses, the hind-leg
debts. n. insol vency. [L. in, not, and solvent.] joint. [In, and Step.]from the ham to the pastern
Insomuch, in-sO-much', adv. to such a degree ; so. Instigate, in'sti-gal, v.t., to Prick on; to urge on ;
[In, Bo, Much.] to set on; to incite:/^, in'stigating; Pd-P.
Inspect, in-spekt', v.t., to look into; to examine ; to instigated. [L. instigom, and root stig, Gr.
look at narrowly ; to superintend '.Pr.p. inspect'- stizd, Sans, tij, to prick.] See Stigma, Stimuluj.
ing; pa.p. lnspect/cd. [L. inspicio, insPectum instigation, in-sti-g&'snun, the act ofinstigating
in, into, and specie, to look or see.] or inciting; impulse, esp. to evil; temptation.
file, fir; me*, her; mine; mOte; mate; mCOn; Men.
 instigator
instigator, in'sti-gat-ur, n.t one who or that which
instigates or incites.
Instinct, in'stingkt, n., that which instigates or in
cites ; impulse ; an involuntary or unreasoning
prompting to action ; the natural impulse by
which animals arc guided apparently inde
pendent of reason or experience to any action.
[L. instinctus, from instinguo, to instigatesin,
and stinguostig.]
Instinct, in-stingkt', adj., instigated or incited ;
moved ; animated
instinctive, in-stingktiv, adj., prompted by instinct ;
involuntary ; acting according to or determined
by natural impulse.adv. instinct ively.
Instil, in-stil', v.t., topour into by drops; to infuse
slowly into the mina :Pr.p. instilling ; Pa.p. in
stilled'. [L. instilloin, and stilh, to drop.]
See Distil.
Instillation, in-stil-a'shun, Instilment, in-stil'ment, v ,
the act ofinstilling or pouring in by drops : the
act of infusing slowly into the mind : that which
is instilled or infused.
Institute, in'sti-tut, v.t. lit. to cause to stand up; to
set up in ; to erect ; to originate ; to establish ;
to appoint ; to commence ; to educate tpf-P.
in'stituting :Pa.p. in'stituted.n., anythinginsti
tuted or formally established ; established law ;
precept or principle ; a book of precepts or prin
ciples : an institution ; a literary and philosophical
society. [L. instituoin, and statuo, to cause
to stand, from sto, to stand.]
Institution, in-sti-tu'shun, n., the act of instituting
or establishing : that which is instituted or estab
lished ; foundation ; established order ; enact
ment ; a society established for some object : that
which institutes or instructs ; a system of prin
ciples or rules.
Institutional, in-sti-tu'shun-al, institutionary, in-sti-
tfl'shun-ar-i, adj., belonging to an institution ;
instituted by authority ; elementary.
lnititutiit, in'sti-tut-ist, ., a writer of institutes
or elementary rules.
Institutive, in'sti-tQt-iv, ad/., able or tending to in
stitute or establish ; depending on an institu
tion.
Instruct, in-strukt, v.t. lit. toput in order; to pre
pare ; to inform ; to teach ; to order or command :
Pr.p. instructing ; Pa.p. instructed. [L. in-
struo, instrueturnin, and struo, to pile up, to
set in order.]
Instructibie, in-strukti-bl, adj., able to be instructed.
Instruction, in-struk'shun, n., the act ofinstructing
or teaching ; information ; command.
instructive, in-strukt'iv, adj., containing instruc
tion or information ; conveying knowledge.
adv. instruct ively.n. instruct ivenesi.
Instructor, in-strukt'ur, one who instructs; a
ten !h.r.-''w instruct rets.
instrument, in'strOT-ment, n. lit. that which in
structs or builds up ; a tool or utensil ; a machine
producing musical sounds ; a writing containing
a contract ; one who or that which is made a
means. [L. instrumenturninstruo.]
Instrumental. in-str67>mental, adj., acting as an
instrument or means ; serving to promote an
object ; helpful ; belonging to or produced by
musical instruments.adv. initrument'ally.n.
Instrumental ity, agency.
instrumentalist, in-stroo-mental-ist, n., one who
plays on a musical instrument.
Instrumentation, in-stroU-men-ta'shun, n. in music,
the arrangement of a composition for pcrform-
fite, far ; me, her ; mine ;
Insurmountable
ance by different instruments ; the playing upon
musical instruments.
InsnbJaction, in-sub-jek'shun, n., want ofsubjection
or obedience. [L. in, not, and subjection. )
Insubordinate, in-sub-otdm-at, adj., not subordin
ate or submissive; disobedient.n. insubordin
ation. [L. in, not, and Subordinate ]
insufferable, in-suf'fcr-a-bl, adj., not sufferable or
able to be suffered or endured ; unbearable :
detestable.adv. insufferably. [L. in, not, and
sufferable.]
Insufficient, in-suf-fish'ent, adj., not sufficient; defi
cient; unfit; incapable.adv. lnsuffl'ciently.n.
insuffl'ciency. [L. in, not, and sufficient.]
Insular, in'sQ-lar, adj., belonging to an island;
surrounded by water.adv. ln'sularly. - insu
larity, the state of being insular. [L. insularis
-insula, an island.]
insulate, in'sil-lat, v.t. lit. to make an island of;
to place in a detached situation ; to prevent con
nection or communication ; in electricity, to
separate by a non-conductor '.Pr.p. in'sQlating ;
Pa.p. insulated.n. insula tlon. [L. insula.}
Insulator, in'su-lat-ur, ., one who or that which)
insulates; in electricity, a non-conductor.
Insult, in-sult, v.t. lit to leap at or upon; to treat
with indignity or contempt ; to abuse ; to affront :
Pr.p. insulting ; Pa.p. insulted.In'suit, n.
abuse ; affront ; contumely. (L. insultoinsilio,
to spring atin, upon, and satio, to leap.]
insultingly, in-sulting-li, adv., in an insulting or
insolent manner.
Insuperable, in-su'per-a-bl, adj., that cannot be
passed over; insurmountable ; unconquerable.
adv. insuperably. n. insuperability, [L. ir.su-
Perabilisin, not, superabilissupero, to pass
oversuper, above.]
Insupportable, in-sup-pOrt'a-bl, adj. , not supportable
or able to be supported or endured ; unbearable ;
insufferable.adv. lnsupport'ably.n. insupporf-
abieness, [L. in, not, and supportable.]
Insuppressible, in-sup-pres'i-bl, adj., notsuppressibl*
or to be suppressed or concealed. [L. in, not,
and suppreseible. J
Insure, in-shOTt, v.t., to make sure or secure; to
contract for a premium to make good a loss, as
from fire, &c. or to pay a certain sum on a certain
event, as death.v.i. to practise making insur
ance :pr.p. insuting ; pa.p. insured'. (L. in,
intensive, and Sure.
insurable, in-sho~or'a-bl, adj., that may be insured.
insurance, in-shoorans, n., the act of insuring, or
a contract by which one person undertakes for a
payment or premium to guarantee another against
risk or loss ; the premium so paid.
insurer, in-sho"oter, n., one who insures.
Insurgent, in-sutjent, adj., rising upon or against;
rising in opposition to authority ; rebellious.n.
one whorises in opposition to establishedauthority;
a rebel. [L. insurgens, -entisinsurgo, to rise
uponin{ upon, and surgo, to rise.]
insurgency, in-sutjen-si,*., a risingupon or against;
insurrectionin-sur-rek'shun,
; rebellion.
insurrection, a rising up or
against ; open and active opposition to the exe>
cution of the law; a rebellion.adjs. insurrec'-
tlonal, insurrectionary. [h. insurrectio.]
Insurrectionist, in-sur-rek'shun-ist, n., one wh*
favours or takes part in an insurrection.
Insurmountable, in-sur-mount'a-bl, adj., not svr*
 Insurrection
mouniahlc ; that cannot be overcome.adv. m-
ably. [L. in, not, and surmountable.]
&c. See under Insurgent,
in-sus-sep'ti-bt, adj., not susceptible ;
of feeling or of being affected.n.
I'ity. [L. in, not, and Susceptible]
. in-takt', adj., untouched; uninjured. [L.
intactusin, not, tango, (actus, to touch.]
tectible, in-takr/i-bl, adj., that cannot be touched,
or perceived by the touch,
intangible, in-tanji-bl, adj., not tangible or percep
tible to touch.ns. lntan'gibleness. Intangibil ity,
integer, in'tS-jer, n. that which is left untouched or
undiminished, awhole ; in arith,, awhole number.
[L.in, not, and tag, root of tango, to touch.]
See Entire.
integral, in'te*-gral, adj., entire or whole; not frac
tional.n. a whole ; the whole as made up of its
5.adv. integrally.n. Integral calculus, a
"i of the higher mathematics.
, in'teVgrat, v.t. to make up as a whole ; to
make entire : to renew \pr.p. in tfgrating ;/a./,
integrated.. Integration. [L. tntegro, inte-
gratuminteger.]
ategrant, in'tC-grant, adj. making part ofa whole;
necessary to form an integer or an entire thing.
[L. integrans, -antis, pr.p. of integro.]
ategrity, in-teg'ri-ti, n. lit. entireness, wholeness;
the unimpaired state of anything ; uprightness ;
' f ; purity.
. in-tal'yO, n. a figure cut into any sub-
; ; a stone or gem in which the design is
hollowed out, the reverse of a cameo. [It.
intagliarein, into, tagliare, to cut. See
Detail.]
intagliated, in-tal'y5t-ed, adj. formed in intaglio;
engraved.
Integral, Integrate, &c See under Intact,
Integumatlon. See under Integument.
Integument, in-teg'u-ment, n., that which naturally
covers anything. [L. integumentumintego
in, upon, tego, to cover.]
integumentary, in-teg-O.-ment'ar-i, adj., pertaining
to or composed of integuments.
integnmation, in-teg-Q-ma'shun, n. the branch of
physiology which treats ofinteguments.
Intellect, in'tel-lekt, n. the power of the mind that
chooses or decides between things ; the mind, in
reference to its rational powers; the thinking
principle. [L. intellectusintelligo, to choose
betweeninter, between, lego, to choose.]
Intellection, in-tel-lek'shun, ., the act of under-
standing; in phil., apprehension or perception.
Intellective, in-tel-lekt'iv, adj.. able to understand;
produced or perceived by the understanding.
Intellectual, in-tcl-lekt'Q-al, ad/., of or relating to
the intellect or mind ; perceived or performed by
the intellect ; having the power of understanding.
adv. intellectually.
intellectually, in-tel-lekt'O-al-ist, ., one who over
rates the human intellect.
intelligent, in-tel'i-jent, adj., having intellect; en
dowed with the faculty of reason ; well-informed.
adv. intelligently. [L. intelligens, entis pr.p.
of intelligo.]
intelligence, in-tcll-jens, intellectual skill or
knowledge: information communicated: news:
a spiritual being. [L. intelligentiaintelligens.]
intelligentiat, in-tel-i-jen'shal, adj., pertaining to
the intelligencet consisting of spiritual being.
in-tel'i-jibl, adj., tJiat may be under-
file, far; mi, her; mine;
intercessor
stood; clear.adv. iateU'igibly.- . InteU'igible-
neai. Intelligibility.
in-tem'per-ans, ., want of t
ss of any kind; habitual indulgence
in intoxicating liquor. [L. in, not, temperance,]
Intemperate, in-tem per-at, adj., not temperate;
indulging to excess any appetite or passion;
given to an immoderate use of intoxicating
liquors
adv. ;Intem'perately.n.
passionate : exceeding
internthe
usual degree.
perateneea.
Intend, in-tend', v.t. orig. to stretch out towards;
to fix the mind upon ; to purpose.v.t. to have
a design ; to purpose :pr.p. intending ; p<i.p.
intended. [L. intendo, tntentum, and intensum
in, towards, tendo, to stretch.]
intendant, in-tend'ant, . an officer who super
intends. n. intend ency, his office,
intended, in-tend'ed, adj. purposed ; b
an affianced lover. adv. intend'edly.
in-tens', adj. lit. stretched,
d to a high degree : veryclose ; very sev<
adv. Intensely.ns. intenseben, intens ity.
intensify, in-tens'i-fI, v.t., to make intense, or I
intense.v.i. to become intense :pr.p. intens
ifying; fa.p. intensified.
Intension, in-ten'shun, n.t a straining or bending:
state of being strained : increase of intensity.
Intensive, in-tens'iv, adj., stretched; admitting of
extension ; assiduous : serving to intensify : in
gram., giving force or emphasis.adv. intens
ively.. inteni'lveness.
Intent, in-tent', adj. having the mind intense or
bent on ; fixed with close attention ; anxiously
diligent.n. the thing aimed at or intended ; a
design ; meaning.adv. intently-*** intent'nee*.
intention, in-ten'shun, n. lit. a stretching of the
mind towards any object ; fixed direction of
mind ; the object aimed at ; design ; purpose,
intentional, in-ten'shun-al, adj., with intention; in
tended ; designed.adv. intentionally,
intentloned, in-ten'shund, adj., with intention;
meant, designed.
Inter, in-ter', v.t., toput in and cover with earth;
to bury '.Pr.p. interring ; Pa.p. interred', [low
L. interroL. in, into, terra, the earth.]
Interment, in-ter'ment, n.f the act of depositing a
body in the earth ; burial.
Interaction, in-ter-ak'shun, n.,actionbetween bodies,
mutual action. [L. inter, between, and action.]
Intercalate, in-terlcal-at, v.t. lit. to call or proclaim
that something has been inserted between; to
insert between, as a day in a calendar :pr.p.
intercalating ; Pa.p. intercalated.n. intercala
tion. [L. intercalo, -atuminter, between, calo,
to call.]
latercalar, in-terkal-ar, intercalary, in-terTcal-ar-i or
-kal'ar-i, adj., inserted between others.
Intercede, in-ter-sd\ v.t. lit. to go between; to act
as peacemaker between two ; to plead for one :
Pr.p. intercid'ing ; Pa.p. interceded.it. inter-
ceaer. [L. intercedo, -cessuminter, between,
cedo, to go.]
intercedent, in-ter-sd'ent, adj., going between;
pleading for.adv. lnterced ently. [L. inter-
cedens, -entis, pr.p. of intercedo.]
intercession, in-ter-sesh'un, n.t act of interceding
or pledging for another.
uUrcestlonal, in-ter-sesh'uo-al, adj.,
intercession or pleading for others,
in-ter-ses'ur, n., one
who i
mOtc; mute; moon; then.

who pleads for another : a bishop who acts dur
ing a vacancy in a see.
mterceeioruU, in-ter-ses-sOrl-al, adj., pertaining to
em intercessor or pleader for others.
Intercessory, in-ter-ses'or-i, adj., containing inter
cession or pleading for others.
Intercellular, in-ter-sel'Q-lar, adj. lying between
cells. [L. inter, between, and cellular.]
Intercept, in-ter-sepr*, v.t. lit to take anything by
coming between it and its destination ; to catch
by the way to interrupt communication with ;
to cut off: in math., to take or comprehend
between :pr.p. intercepting ;Pa.p. intercept'ed.
n. Intercept'er, interceptor. (L. intercipio,
ceptuminter, between, capio, to take.]
Interception, in-ter-scp'shuu, ., act ofintercepting
or cutting off.
luterciplant, in-ter-sipl-ent, adj., intercepting.-n.
the person or thing that intercepts. [L. inter-
cipims, -entis, pr.p. of intercipio.]
Intercession, &c See under Intercede.
Interchange, in-ter-chanj', v.t., to change between
or one thing for another ; to give and take mutu
ally ; to exchange : to succeed alternately..
mutual exchange ; alternate succession. [L.
inter, between, and Change.]
Interchangeable, m-ter-chanj'a-b), adj., that may
be interchanged; following each other in alter
nate succession.adv. interchange'ably.ns. in-
terchange'ablenesi, InterchangeabU'lty.
taterdpient. See under Intercept.
Interclude, in-ter-klo"Od', v.t., to shut out from any
thing by coming between ; to intercept ; to cut
off :pr.p. interclfld'ing ; pn.p. interclud'ed.n.
lnterclu'slon. [L, intercludointer, between,
claudo, to shut.]
utercolumnlation, in-ter-ko-Ium-ni-a'shun, n. in
arch., the distance behveen columns measured
from the lower part of their shafts, [L. inter,
between, and root of Column. ]
Intercolonial, in-ter-ko-16'ni-al, adj., pertaining to
the relations existing between colonies. [L.
inter, between, and colonial.]
Intercommune, in-ter-kom-mun', v.t., to commune
between or together* [L. inter, between, and
Commune]
' i, in-ter-kom-mOnl-kat v.t., to com-
: mutually.. Intercom-
in-tcr-kom-mGnl-ka-bl, adj.,
that may be communicated between or mutually,
intercommunion, in-ter-kom-mDn'yun, n., com
munion between or mutual communion.
Intercostal, in-ter-kos'tal, adj., in anat., lying be
tween the ribs. [ L. inter, between, and Coital ]
Intercourse, in'tcr-kCrs, n. lit. a course or running
between ; connection by dealings ; communica
tion ; commerce ; communion. [L. inter, be
tween, and course.]
Intercurrent, in-ter-kurrent, adj. , runningbetween ;
intervening.n. intercur'reace. [L. inter, be
tween, ana Current.]
Interdict, in-ter-dikt', v.t. lit. to pronounce or give
judgement between two persons ; to interpose ; to
forbid ; to forbid communion \pr.p. interdict/-
ing ; pa interdict'ed.n. interdic'tion. [L.
interaico, -dictuminter, between, and dico, to
say, pronounce.]
Interdict, in'ter-dikt, n. prohibition; a prohibitory
decree ; a prohibition of the Pope restraining the
clergy from performing divine
fate, far; me, her; mine ;
Interleave
lnterdlctdve, in-ter-diktlv, ]
or-i, adj., containing interdiction; prohibitory.
Interest, in'tcr-est, v.t. lit. to be between; to engage
as the attention ; to awaken concern in : to excite
(in behalf of another) :^r./.in'teresting ; pa^P.
in'terested.n. concern ; special attention ; influ
ence over others : share ; participation : advant
age : premium paid for the use of money ; any
increase. [L. interestinteresse, to be of im
portanceinter, between, esse, to be.]
Interested, in'ter-est-cd, adj., /caving an interest or
concern ; liable to be affected.adv. in terestedly.
interesting, in'ter-est-ing, adj., having interest;
engaging the attention orregard ; exciting emotion
or passion.adv. ln'tereitingly.
Interfere, in-ter-feV, v.i lit. to strike between ; to
come in collision; to intermeddle; to interpose;
to act reciprocallysaid of waves, rays of light,
&c. '.pr.p. interfering ; Pa.p. interfered'. [L.
inter, between, andferio, to strike.]
interference, in-ter-fer ens, act ofinterfering.
lnterferer, in-tcr-fer ex, n., one who interferes.
Interfluent, in-ter'fldT>cnt, Interfluou*, in-ter/flo7>us,
adj.,flowing between. [L. interfluens, pr.p. of
interfluotnter, between, andjfuo, to flow.]
InterfoUaceous, in-ter-fO-H-S'shi-us, adj. placed be
tween leaves. [L. inter, between, Follaceous.]
Interfretted, in-ter-fret'ed, adj.,fretted between or
interlaced. [L. inter, between, and fretted.]
mterfused, in-ter-fuzd', adj., poured or spread'
between. [L. interfusus, pa.p. of inter/undo
inter, between, andJ'undo, to pour.]
interfusion, in-ter-fu'zhun, n., a pouring or spread
ing between, [L. inter/usio.]
Interhemal, in-ter-h'mal, adj., behveen the hemat
processes or spines. [ L. tnter, between, Hemal.]
Interim, in'tcx-im, n. time between or intervening ;
the mean time. [L.inter, between.]
Interior, in-ttfri-ur, adj., inner; internal; remote
from the frontier or coast ; inland.n. the inside
of anything ; the inland part of a country.adv.
interiorly. [L.comp. of intents, inward.]
Interjacent, in-ter-ja'sent, adj., lying between;
intervening. [L. interjacens, -entis, pr.p. of
interjaceointer, between, asxdjaceo, to lie.]
lntcrjacency, in-ter-ja'sen-si, ., a lying between;
a space or region between others.
Interject, in-ter-jekf, v.t., to throw between; to in
sert.v.i. to throw one's self between :pr.p.
interjecting ; A*./, interjecr/ed. [L. tnter,
between, andjacto, freq. ofjacio, to throw.]
Interjection, in-ter-jek shun, n. , a throwingbetween ;
in gram., a word thrown in to express emotion.
adj. interjactional [Fr. ; L. interjectio.}
Interjunction, in-ter-jungk'shun, ., a junction or
joining between. [L. inter, between, and Junction.]
Interknlt, in-ter-nir/, v.t., to knit together; to unite
closely. [L. inter, between, and Knit.]
Interlace, in-ter-laV, v.t., to lace together ; to unite ;
to insert one thing within another ; to intermix.
[L. inter, between, and Lace.}n. interlacement
Interlard, in-ter-lard', v.t., to place lard between;
to mix in, as fat with lean ; to diversify by mix
ture ; to interpose. [L. inter, between. Lard.]
Interlay, in-ter-la', v.t., to lay among or between.
[L. inter, between, and Lay.]
Interleave, in-ter-leV, v.t., to put a leafbetween;
to insert blank leaves in a hook :pr.p. inter
leaving ; pa.p. interleaved'. [L. inter, and Leaf.]
i
 Interline
Interline, in-ter-lln', p./.lit toinserta linebetween;
to write in alternate lines ; to write between
lines. IL. inter, between, and Line.]
interlinear, in-ter-lin'S-ar, adj. written between lines,
[L. inter, between, and linear.]
Interlineation, in-ter-lin-g-S'shun, n., act of inter
lining; that which is interlined.
Interlink, in-ter-lingk', v.t. lit. toPut a link between ;
to connect by uniting links. [L. inter, between,
and Link.]
Interlobular, in-ter-lob'u-lar, adj. being between
lobes. [L. inter, between, and lobular.]
Interlocution, in-ter-lC-kil'shun, ., a location or
placing between. [L. inter, between, location.]
Interlocution, in-tcr-lO-ku'shun, n., a speaking be
tween; conference ; an intermediate decree before
final decision. [L. interiocutio, from intertoquor
inter, between, and loquor, locutus, to speak.]
Interlocutor, in-ter-lok'Q-tur, n., one who speaks be
tween or in dialogue ; in law, an intermediate
decree before final decision,adj. Interloc utory.
Interlope, in-ter-lop', v.t. lit to leap or run between;
to intrude into any matter in which one has no fair
concern :Pr.p. interlCp'ing ; Pa.p. interloped'.
n. interlop'er. [L. inter, between, and Dutch,
loopen, to run ; Scot, loup; E. leap.)
Interlude, in'ter-lood, ft. a short dramatic perform
ance or play between the play and after-piece, or
between the acts of a play; a short piece of
music played between the parts of a song. [low
L. interludiuminter, between, Indus, play.]
interluded, in-ter-l60d'ed, adj., inserted as an
interlude; having interludes.
Interlunar, in-ter-lOO'nar, Interlunary, in-tcr-lTO'-
nar-i, adj. lit. between tke moons ; belonging to
the time when the moon, about to change, is
invisible. [L. inter, between, and Lunar.]
Intermarry, in-t6r-mar'i, v.i., to marry between or
among; to marry reciprocally or take one and
give another in marriage.n. intermarriage.
Intermeddle, in-ter-medl, v.i., to meddle or mix
with ; to interpose or interfere improperly.
[L. inter, among, and Meddle.]n. lntermeddler.
Intermedial, in-ter-m5'dt-al, Intermediate, in-ter-me'-
di-at, adj., in tke middle between; intervening.
adv. lnterme'dlately. [L. inter, between, and
medial, mediate.]
intermediary, in-ter-mC'di-ar-i, adj., intermediate.
Intermedium, in-tcr-mfi'di-um, n., a medium be
tween ; an intervening agent or instrument.
Intermination, in-ter-mi-gra'shun, n., actofmigrat
ing amongst each other; reciprocal migration.
[L. inter, among, and migration.]
Interminable, in-terrni-na-bl, Zntcrminate, in-ternu-
nat, adj., without termination or limit ; bound
less ; endless.adv. lnter'mlnably.n. inter'mln-
ableneu. [L. interminabiUsin, not, and ter
minus, a boundary.]
Intermingle, in-ter-ming/gl, v.t. or v.i., to mingle
or mix together. [L. inter, among, Mingle.J
Intermission. Sec under Intermit.
Intermit, in-ter-mit', v. I. lit to cause to go between ;
to cause to cease for a time ; to interrupt :Pr.p.
intermitting ; Pa.p.
andintermitt'ed. [L. intermitto,
missuminter, mitto, to cause to go.]
intermittent, in-ter-mirent, adj., intermitting or
ceasing at intervals, as a fever.n. an inter
mittent disease.adv. lntermitt'iugly.
intermission, in-ter-mjsh'un, actofintermitting;
fate, far ; mi, her ; mine ;
Interpolate
interval ; pause.adj. lntermlsfrn, coming at
intervals.
Intermix, in-ter-miks', v.t. or i.t to mix among or
together. [L. inter among, and Mix.]
Intermixture, in-ter-mikVtur, n. a mass formed by
mixture; something intermixed.
Intermobmty, in-ter-mG-bil'i-ti, n. capacity of things
to move among themselves. [L. inter, among,
and mobility]
Intermundane, in-ter-mun'dan, adj., between worlds.
[L. inter, between, and Mundane. J
Intermoral, in-ter-mu'ral, adj. lying between walls.
[L. inter, between, and MuraL]
Iutermutcular, in-ter-musTcu-lar, adj., between the
muscles. [L. inter, between, and muscular.]
Intermutation, \n-\.T-Tafi.-t3.'dxun,n.,mutualchange;
interchange. [L. inter, between, and Mutation.]
Internal, in-ter'nal, adj., being in the interior;
domestic, as opposed to foreign ; intrinsic ; per
taining to the heart :opposed to externaladv.
internally. [L. intemusinter, within.]
International, in-ter-nash'un-al, adj., pertaining to
the relations between nations.adv. inter
nationally. [L. inter, between, and national.]
Internecine, in-ter-n5'sln, adj., mutually destruc
tive; deadly. [L. internecointer, between,
and neco, to kill, akin to Sans, root nak.)
Internode, in'ter-nOd, n. in bat., the space between
two nodes or points of the stem from which the
leaves arise.adj. lnterno'diaL [L. internodium,
from inter, between, and nodus, a knot]
Internuncio, in-ter-nun'shi-3, n., a messenger be
tween twoparties ; the Pope's representative at
republics and small courts.adj. internun'eiaL
[Sp. ; I*, intemunciusinter, between, and
nuncius, a messenger.]
Interoceanlc, in-ter-5-she-an'ik, adj. , between oceans.
[L. inter, between, and oceanic.]
I&terocuiar, in-ter-ok'O-lar, adj., between the eyes.
[L. inter, between, and Ocular.]
Interosaeal, in-ter-osh'e-al. Interosseous, in-tcr-osh'e-
us, adj., situated between bones. [L. inter, be
tween, and Oueal, Osteon*.]
Interpellation, in-ter-pel-5'shun, n. lit. speaking be
tween; interruption; intercession; a summons;
an earnest address. [Fr. ; L. interpeltatio, from
interpello, interpellatuminter, between, and
Pello, to speak.]
Interpetalary, in-tcr-pet'al-ar-i, adj. m hot., between
tke petals of a flower. [L. inter, between, and
Petal.]
Interpetlolar, in-ter-peri-O-lar, adj. in bot. , between
thepetioles. [L. inter, between, and Petiole.]
Interpilaater, in-tcr-pi-Ias'ter, n. in arch., space
between twopilasters. [L. inter, between, and
Pilaster.]
Interplanetary, in-ter-plan'et-ar-i, adj., between the
planets. [L. inter, between, and Planet,]
Interplead, in-tcr-pled', v.i. in law, to plead or dis
cuss a point, happening between or incidentally,
before the principal cause can be tried.
interpleader, in-tcr-ple'd'er, one who interpleads ;
in law, a bill in equity to determine to which of
the parties a suit, debt, or rent is due.
Interpledge, in-ter-pledj', v.t., topledge mutually;
to give and take a pledge. [L. inter, between,
mutually, and Pledge.]
Interpolate, in-tcr'pO-lat, v.t. lit to Polish or furbish
mOte ; mute ; mOon ; tken.
 interpolator
up here and there or between ; to insert unfairly,
as a spurious word or passage in a book or manu-
script ; to corrupt : in math., to fill up the inter-
mediate terms of a series :Pr.fi. interpolating ;
Pa.p. interpolated. [L. interbolo, interpolatum ,
from inter, between, and polio, to polish.]
inUrpolAUa'.'m-U^pQ-X^-tor.H.fOnewAo interpolates.
Interpolation, in-tcr-po^la'shun, ., act of interpo
lating; that which is interpolated.
Interpose, in-ter-poY, v.t., to place between; to
thrust in ; to offer, as aid or services.v.t. to
come between ; to mediate ; to put in by way of
interruption ;pr.p. interpos'ing ; Pa.p. inter
posed'.n. interpoTer. [L. interpono, -positum
inter, between, and potto, to place.]
Interposal, in-ter-pOz'al, Interposition, in-tcr-pu-zish'-
un, n., act of interposing: intervention; medi
ation ; anything interposed,
lnterpoait, in-tcr-poz'it, n. a place of deposit between
two cities or countries.
Interpret, in-ter'pret, v.t. lit. to act as an agent
between two parties so as to fix the Price; to
make clear ; to translate into intelligible or
familiar terms iPr.p. interpreting ; pa.p. inter'-
pretcd. [L. interpreter, -prrtatusprob. from
inter, between, and root of pretium, price, akin
to Gr. pri, from Sans, krf, to buy.]
lnterpretable, in-ter'pret-abl, adj., capable ofinter
pretation.
interpretation, in-ter-pre-ta'shun, n., act of inter
preting; the sense given by an interpreter; the
power of explaining.
Interpretative, in-ter'pre-ta-tiv, adj. collected by or
containing interpretation.adv. later preta-
tlvely.
interpreter, in-t6r'prct-cr, . one who explains be
tween two parues ; an expounder ; a translator.
Interregnum, in-ter-reg'num, n. the time between
two reigns; the time between the cessation of
one and the establishment of another govern
ment. [L. inter, between, regnum, rule.]
interrex, in'ter-rcks, n., one who rules during an
interregnum ; a regent. [L. inter, between, and
rex, a king.]
Interrogate, in-te^ra-gat, v.t. lit. to ask between;
to question ; to examine by asking questions.
v.t. to ask questions ; to inquire '.pr.p. inter
rogating ; Pa.p. interrogated. [L. interrogo,
interrogatum, from inter, between, and rogo, to
ask.}n. Interrogator.
interrogation, uvtcr-6-ga'shun, n., act ofinterrogat
ing; a question put; the mark of a question (?),
ong. the first and last letters of L. Questio, a
question.
interrogative, in-ter-rog'a-tiv, adj., denoting a
question ; expressed as a question.n. a word
used in asking a question. adv. Interrog atively.
Interrogatory, in-tcr-rog'a-tor-i, n., a question or
inquiry.adj. expressing a question.
Interrupt, in-ter-rupr, v.t., to break in between;
to stop or hinder by breaking in upon ; to divide ;
to break continuity :pr.p. interrupt'ing ; Pa.p.
interrupred. [L. interrumpointer, between,
and rumPo, ruptum, to break.]
interruptedly, in-tcr-rup'ted-ly, adv., with inter
ruptions.
interruption, in-ter-rup'shun, n., act of interrupt
ing ; hinderance ; cessation.
interniptive, in-ter-rup'tiv, adj., tending to inter-
rupt.adv. intemip'tively.
Interscapular, in-ter-skap'Q-lar, adj. in anat.,
late, far ; mc, her ; mine ;
Intestate
between the shoulder-blades. [L. inter, between,
and Scapular ]
Interscribe, in-ter-skrlb', v.t., to write between:'
Pr.p. interscriVing ; Pa.p. interscribed'. [L. **
terscribointer, between, and scribe, to write.]
Intersect, in-ter-sekr, v.t., to cut between or
asunder; to cut or cross mutually; to divide
into parts.v.t. to cross each other \~~pr.p. inter
secting ; Pa.p. intersected. [L. inter, between,
and seco, sectum, to cut.]
Intersection, in-tcr-sek'shun, ., act or state of in
tersecting: in geom., the point or line in which
two lines or planes cut each other.
intersecant, in-tcr-sCkant, adj., dividing into
Parts; crossing.
Intersperse, in-tir-spers', v.t., to disperse or sprinkle
among; to set here and there '.Pr.p. interspers'-
ing ; Pa.p. interspersed'. [L. interspergo, inter*
sfersuminter, among, spargo, to scatter, akin
to Gr. speiro, to sow.]
lntersperslon, in-t6r-spershun, act of inter*
sfiersing.
Interstellar, in-tcr-stellar, Intent*llary, in-ter-stel'-
lar-i, adj., between or among the stars; situated
beyond the solar system. [L. inter, between,
and stella, a star.]
Interstice, in'ter-stis, or in-ter'stis, . the space which
stands between things : a small space between
things closely set, or between the parts which
compose a body. [L. interstitiuminter, be
tween, and sisto, stitum, to stand.]
Interstitial, in-ter-stish'al, adj., pertaining to or
containing interstices.
Iatentrstlfied, in-ter-strat'i-fid, adj., stratified be*
tween other bodies. [L. inter, between, stratified.]
Intertextnre, in-ter-tcks'tur, n., act ofinterweaving,
or state ofbeing interwoven. [L. inter, between,
and texture.]
Intertropical, in-tcr-troplk-al, adj., between the
tropics. [L. inter, between, tropical]
Intertwine, in-ter-twln', v.t., to twine or twist to
gether.v.i. to be twisted together ; to become
involved :/r./.intertwln'ing ;Pa.p,intertwined'.
adv. lntertwln'ingly. [L. inter, together, and
Twine.]
Intertwist, in-ter-twisr, v.t., to twist together:'
Pr.p. intcrtwist'ing ; pa.p. intcrtwisted.adv.
lntertwlit'ingly. [L. inter, together, and Twist.]
Interval, in'ter-val, n. lit. the space between two
stakes or palisades; time or distance between;
void space between ; the distance between two
given sounds in music. [L. intervaltuminter,
between, and vallus, a stake.]
Intervene, in-ter-ven', v.i., to come or be between;
to occur between points of time : to happen so
as to interrupt : to interpose :P^P- intervSn'ing ;
pa.p.intervened'. [L. intervemointer, between,
and venio, to come.]
Intervention, in-ter-ven'shun, ,, act ofintervening;
agency between persons ; mediation ; interposi
tion. [L. intervention
Interview, in'ter-vO, ., a mutual view or sight : a
meeting. [L. inter, between, and View.]
Interweave, in-ter-weV, v.t., to weave together; to
intermingle the texture : to connect closely. [L.
inter, together, and Weave. ]
Intestate, in-tes'tat, adj., dying without a will;
not disposed of by will.n. a person who dies
without a will. [L. inteslatusin, not, and
testatustestor, to make a will.]
mOtc ; mute ; mOon ; then.
 Intestacy
Intaitwry. in-tesr/a-si, n., state ofbeing intestate, or
of dying without having made a will.
Intestine, in-tes'tin, adj., internal; contained in
the animal body domestic ; not foreign.n.
(usually in //.) the long membranous tube con
tinuing from the stomach to the anus. [L. intes-
tinusintus, within, on the inside.]
intestinal, in-tcsiin-al, adj., pertaining to the in
testines of an animal body.
XnthraJ, in-thrawl', v.t., to bring into thraldom or
bondage ; to enslave : to shackle :Pr.p. inthrall'-
ing; fa.p. inthralled'. [L. in, into, and Thrall.]
Inthrahnent, io-thrawl'ment, n., act of inthralling
or enslaving : slavery.
Intimate, in'ti-mat, adj., innermost; internal : close :
familiar.n. a familiar friend : an associate.
adv. ultimately. [L. intimus, innermost
intits, within.1 ( [close familiarity.
Intimacy, in'ti-ma-si, ., state of being intimate;
Intimate, in'ti-nult, v.t. lit to make one intimate
with ; to hint : to announce :pr.p. in'timating ;
pa.p. in'timated. [L. intimo, -alumintus.}
Intimation, in-ti-ma'shun, n., act of intimating;
obscure notice; hint: announcement.
Intimidate, in-timi-dat, v.t., to make timidor fear
ful ; to dispirit :fr.f. intim'idating ;pa.p. intun'-
idated. [L. in, timidus, fearfultimeo, to fear.]
Intimidation, in-tim-i-da'shun, n. , act ofintimidat
ingI state of being intimidated.
intituled, in-tit'uld, same as Entitled.
Into, in'too, Prep, lit coming to and going in ;
noting passage inwards : noting the passing of
a thing from one state to another : in often
used for Unto. [In and To.]
Intolerable, in-tol'er-a-bl, adj., not tolerable; that
cannot be endured.. lntol'erableneu.adv.
Intol'erably. [L. in, not, and tolerable.]
Intolerant, in-tol'er-ant, adj., not tolerant; not able
or willing to endure : not enduring difference of
opinion : persecuting.n. one opposed to tolera
tion.adv. Intol'erantly.nr. Intolerance, ln-
tolera'tlon. [L. in, not, and tolerant.]
Intomb, in-tfJOm', same as Entomb.
Intone, in-tOn', v.t. to utter in tones; to give forth
a low protracted sound.v.t. to chant '.Pr.p.
intoning ; pa.p. intOncd'. [L. in, inten., Tone.]
Intonate, m'ton-it, v.i., to intone; to sound: to
sound the notes of a musical scale : to modulate
the voice '.pr.p. in'tOnattng ; pa.p. in'tOnited.
[L. intono, -aturn, from root of Intone.]
Intonation, in-tO-na'shun, ., act ofintonating; act
or manner of sounding musical notes : modula
tion of the voice.
Intorsion, in-tor'shun, n., a twisting, winding, or
bending. [L. in, and torsion.]
Intoxicate, in-toks'i-kat, v.t. lit. to drug or poison ;
to make drunk : to excite to enthusiasm or mad
ness :-pr.p. intoxicating ; pa.p. intoxicated,
flow L. mtoxico, -atum~toxicumf Gr. toxihon,
a poison in which arrows were dippedtoxen,
an arrow.]
Intoxication, in-toks-i-ka'shun, n., act efintoxicat
ing or making drunk : state of being drunk :
high excitement or elation.
Intractable, in-trakta-bl, adj., not tractable or
manageable : obstinate.ns. intractability, ln-
tract'ableness.adv. intract ably. [L. in, not,
tractable.]
Intramural, in-tra-mu'ral, adj., within the walls,
as of a city. [L. intra, within, and MnraJ.]
fate, far ; mi, her ; mine ;
intrusion
Intransitive, in-tran'si-tiv, adj., not transitive or
passing over or indicating passing over; in grant.,
representing action confined to the agent.adv.
Intran'altlvely. [L. in, not, transitive.]
Intransmissible, in-trans-mis'i-bl, adj., that cannot
be transmitted. [L. in, not, and transmissible.)
Intransmntable, in-trans-mut'a-bl, adj., that cannot
be transmutedor changed.n. intraumatabll'lty.
[L. in, not, and tranamnUble.]
Intrant, in'trant, adj., entering; penetrating.n.
one who enters, especially on some public duty.
[L. intrant, -antisintro, to enter. See Enter.]
Intrench, in-trensh', v.t., to dig a trench around;
to fortify with a ditch.v.t. to encroach. [In,
and Trench.]
Intrencnment, in-trensh'ment, n., actofintrenching;
a trench ; a ditch and parapet for defence : any
protection or defence.
Intrepid, in-trep'id, adj., without trepidation or
fear ; undaunted ; brave.n. intrepid lty.adv.
intrep idly. [L. intrepidusin, not, and root of
Trepidation.]
Intricate, in'tri-ltSt, adj., full of hinderances;
perplexed ; obscure.ns. in tricacy, In'tricateness.
adv. In'tricately. [L. intricatusin, and tricor,
to make difficultiestricor, hinderances.]
intrigue, in-treg'i n., intricateness ; a private or
party scheme : the plot of a poem or romance :
secret illicit love.v.i. to form intrigues ; to
carry on illicit love '.Pr.p. intrigu'ing ; fa.f.
intrigued'. [Fr. intriguerroot ol Intricate.]
Intriguer, in-treg'er, #., one who intrigues, or
pursues an object by secret plans.
Intrinsic, in-trin'sik, Intrlnslcal, in-trin'sik-al, adj.
lit. on the inside ; inward : genuine: inherent,
adv. intrinsically. [L. intrinsccusintra, within,
and secus, side.]
Introduce, in-trO-dOs*, v.t., to lead or bringwithin ;
to conduct into a place : to bring to be acquainted :
to bring into notice or practice : to make known :
to commence: to preface \~pr.p. introducing;
Pa.p. introduced'. [L. introduco,-ductum intro,
within, and duco, to lead.]
Introduction, in-trG-duk'shun, n., act of introduc
ing; act of conducting into a place: act of
making persons known to each other : act of
bringing into notice or practice : preface.
lntroductive, in-tro-duk'tiv, adj., serving to intro
duce.
Introductory, in-trO-duk'tor-i, adj., serving to intro
duce ; previous: prefatory.adv. Introduc'torily.
Intromit, in-tro-mit/, v. t., to sendwithin ; to admit ;
to permit to enter :pr.p. intrOmitting ; pa.p.
intrOmitt'ed. [L. intro, within, mitto, missum,
to send.]
Intromission, in-tr9-mish'un, ., action of sending
within or into.
Introspection, in-trO-spek'shun, a sight of the
inside or interior. [L. introspectiointrospicio,
-spectumintro, within, specio, to see.]
I&trovert, in-trO-vert/, v.t., to turn inwardXfr.p.
introverting ; Pa.p. tntrOverr/cd. [L. tntro,
within, and verto, to turn.]
Intrude, in-trOod', v.i., to thrust one's self in or
upon; to enter uncalled or uninvited.v.t. to
force in :firf- intruding : Pa.p. intrud'ed. [L.
intrudoin, in, upon, trudo, to thrust.]
Intruder, in-tr3od'er, ., onewlio intrudes or enters
without right or welcome.
Intrusion, in-trOO'zhun, n., act of intruding or of
mOte ; mute ; m50n ; Men.
 Intrusive
entering into a place without welcome or invita
tion : encroachment.
Intrusive, in-trou'siv, tuff., tending or apt io
intrude ; entering without welcome or right.
adv. lntru'sively.n. iatru'iivenei*.
Intrust, in-trust', v.t., to give in trust; to deliver
to another, trusting his fidelity. [L. in, in, and
Trait.]
Intuition, in-tu-ish'un, . lit a looking upon or
into; the power of the mind by which it imme
diately perceives the truth of things without
reasoning or analysis ; a truth so perceived.
adj. lntui'tioiuU. [L. in, into or upon, and
tuitiotueor, tuitus, to look.]
intuitive, in-tul-tiv, adj., perceived or perceiving
by intuition; received or known by simple in
spection.adv. intuitively.
Intumescence, in-tQ-mes'ens, n., the action ofswell
ing; a swelling ; a tumid state, [low L. intumes-
centiain, and tumesco, -tensiumco, to swelL]
Intwine, in-twin', same as Entwine.
Intwist, in-twist', same as Entwist.
Inumfcrate, in-um'br3t, v.t., to cast a shadow upon
or shade tpr.p. miim'br&ting ; Pa.p. inum'-
bratcd. [L. inumbro, inumbratumin, and
umbro, to shadeumbra, a shadow.]
Inundate, in-un'd2t or in7, v.t., toflow upon or over
in waves (said of water) ; to flood : to fill with an
overflowing abundance:pr.p* inun'dating ;pa.p.
inundated.n. inunda'tion, act of inundating ;
a flood ; an overflowing. [L. inundo, -atum
in, and undo, to rise in wavesunda, a wave.]
Inure, in-uV, v.t., to use or Practise habitually;
to accustom ; to harden.v.t, to pass in use ;
to come into use or effect ; to serve to the use
or benefit of'.Pr.p. inuVing ; Pa.p. inured',
[old Fr. enuer, from in, intens, and ure, con
tracted from L. usura, useutor, usus, to use.]
Inurement, in-Qr'ment, ., act o/inuring; practice.
Inum, in-urn', v.t., toplace in an urn ; to intomb ;
to bury. [L. in, in, and Urn.]
Inutility, in-u-til'i-ti, n., want of utility; useless-
ness ; unprofitableness. [L. tn, not, and utility.]
Invade, in-vSd', v.t. lit. to go into; to enter a
country as an enemy ; to attack : to encroach
upon : to violate ; to seize or fall upon :Pr.p.
invSd'ing ; pa.p. invad'ed. [L. invado, invasion
in, and vado, to go.] See Wade.
Invader, in-vad'er, n., one who invades or attacks ;
an encroacher ; an intruder.
Invulon, in-va'zhun, n., the act of invading; an
attack ; an incursion : an attack on the rights of
another; an encroachment; a violation.
invasive, in-va'siv, adj., making invasion ; aggres
sive ; infringing another's rights.
Invalid, in'va-lid, adj., not valid or strong;
infirm ; sick.n. one who wants strength ; one
who is weak ; a sickly person ; one disabled for
active service, esp. a soldier or sailor.v.t. to
make invalid or affect with disease ; to enrol on
the list of invalids :pr.p. invaliding ; paf. in
valided. [Fr. involute, L. invalidusin, not,
and validus, strong.] See Valid.
invalid, in-val'id, adj., not valid or sound ; weak ;
without value, weight, or cogency; having no
effect ; void ; null. [L. in, not, and Valid.]
Invalidate, in-val'id-at, v.t., to render invalid; to
weaken the force of; to destroy the force of;
to overthrow '.Pr.p. invalidating ; pa.p. invali
dated.n. invalida tlon.
fate, far ; me, her ; mine ;
Investment
invardity, in-val-id i-ti, the state or quality of
being invalid ; want of cogency ; want of force.
Invaluab e, in-val'u-a-bl, adj., thatcannotbe valued;
priceless.adv. invaluably. [L. in, not, valuable.}
Invariable, in-va'ri-a-bl, adj., not variable ; without
variation orchange ; unalterable ; constantly in the
same state.adv. invariably. invarlabieneae.
Invasion. See under Invade.
Invective. See under Inveigh.
Inveigh, in-vi', v.i. lit. to carry or bring against;
to attack with words ; to rail against ; to revile :
Pr.p. inveigh'ing ; Pa.p. inveighed'. [L. inveho,
invectumin, and veho, to carry.] See Vehicle.
invective, in-vek'tiv, n., that which is inveighed or
brought against; an expression used in inveighing;
a violent utterance of censure ; an attack with
words ; a railing ; abuse ; sarcasm or satire.adj.
railing; abusive; satirical.
Inveigle, in-vC'gl, v.i. lit. either, to make one will
ing, or, to blind; to entice ; to delude ; to s 1
yr.p. invei'gling '.pa.p. invei'glcd. [Fr.
to be willing,It. tnvogliare, to bring one to one's
willvoglia, willL. vote, to wish : or from Fr.
aveugle, blindL. ab, without, oculus, the eye.}
inveiglement, in-vi'gl-ment, n., the act ofinveigling
or enticing ; an enticement.
Invent, in-vent*, v.t. lit. to come upon ; to meet with ;
to devise or contrive ; to make : to forge ; to feign ;
to frame :Pr.p. invent ing ; pa.p. invent/ed. [L.
invenio, inventumin, upon, and venio, to come.J
invention, in-ven'shun, n.t the act of inventing:
that which is invented ; contrivance ; a deceit :
power or faculty of inventing ; ability displayed
by any invention or effort of the imagination.
Inventive, in-vent'iv, adj., able to invent ; ready in>
inventor, inventor, in-vent'ur, n., one who invents or
finds out something new.fem. inventres*.
Inventory, in'ven-tor-i, n. a list of that which hast
come into or is in a house, &c. ; a catalogue of
furniture, goods, &c.v.t. to make an inventory
or catalogue of:J>r.P- inventorying; pa,p. in
ventoried. [Fr. inventaire, low L. inventarium.}
Inverse, Inversion. See under Invert.
Invert, in-vert', v.t., to turn in or about; to turn
upside down ; to reverse ; to change the customary
orderorposition:Pr.p. invert'ing;/a./.invert'ed.
[L. inverto, inversumin, and verto, to turn.]
inverse, in-verV, adj., inverted; in the reverse or
contrary order ; opposite.adv. inversely.
inversion, in-ver'shun, the act of inverting;
the state of being inverted ; a change of order
or position.
invertedly, in-vert'ed-li, adv., in an inverted or
contrary manner.
Invertebral, in-vert'6-bral, Invertebrate, in-vert'6-
brat, adj., without a vertebral column or back
bone.n. invertebrate, an animal without a
vertebral column. [L. in, not, and vertebrate.]
Invest, in-vesr', v.t., to Put vesture on; to dress:
to confer or give ; to place in office or authority ;
to adorn : to surround ; to block up ; to lay siege
to ; to place, as property in business ; to lay out
money on '.pr.p. investing ;fa.p. invested. [L.
investio, -itumin, on, and vestio, to clothe.
See Vest.]
investiture, in-vcstl-tOr, ., the act or the right of
investing or putting in possession,
investment, in-vesr'ment, ., the act of investing:
the act of surrounding or besieging : laying out
money on : that in which anything is invested.
mOte ; mute ; mOOn ; Men,
7*
 Investigate Iris
%
Investigate, in-ves'ti-gat, v.t. lit, to trace the vestiges not having the power of will or choice ; not dona
or tracks of; to search into ; to inquire into with willingly; not chosen.n. lnvol'tuitiriness.adv.
care and accuracy :pr.p. inves'Bgating ; Pa.p. Invol untarily.' [L. in, not, and Voluntary.]
inves'tigated. [L. investigo, -atumin, and ves- Involute, Involution. See under Involve.
tigo, to track. See Vertigo. I
Investigate, in-ves'ti-ga-bl, adj., able to be investi Involve, in-volv', v.t.,to rollin oru/ktn; to envelop:
to enwrap : to implicate : to include : to com
gated or searched out. plicate: to overwhelm: to catch: in aritk., to
Investigation, in-ves-ti-ga'shun, n.t actofinvestigat multiply a quantity into itself any given number
ing or examining into ; research ; study. of times :pr.p. involving ; pa.p. involved*. [L.
Investigator, in-ves'ti-ga.-tur, ., one who investi involvoin, upon, volvo, volutum, to roll.]
gates or examines into. Involute, in'vfl-tut, that which is involved or
Investigative, in-ves'ti-g5-tiv, Investigatory, in-ves'ti- rolled inward : a curve traced by the end of a
gS-tor-i, adj., promoting or given to investiga string unwinding itself from another curve.
tion. involute, in'vO-lut, involuted, in'vO-lut-ed, adj. in
Investiture, Investment. Sec under Invest. hot., rolled spirally inward; in conchofogy,
Inveterate, in-vet'er-5t, adj., grown old; firmly involution, turned inward.
established by long continuance ; deep-rooted ; state of being in-vO-lQ'shun, n., theaction ofinvolving;
violent-adv. invet'erately.ns. lnvet erateneas, act involved or entangled: in aritk..,
lnvet'eracy, firmness produced by long use or con or process of raising a quantity to any given
tinuance. [L. invetero, -atum, to grow oldin, involvement,power.
and vetus, veteris, old. See Veteran.] in-voh/ment, ., act of involving;
state of being involved or entangled.
Invidious, in-vidl-us, adj., lit. filled' with envy; Invulnerable,
envious ; likely to incur or provoke ill-will.adv. in-vul'ner-a-bl, adj., not vulnerable,
lnvld'lously.n. linliVlnnmeaf [L. invidiosus, orable to be wounded.ns. Invulnerabil ity, lnvul'-
from root of Envy.] nerableneat. adv. Invul'nerably. [L. in, not, and
Invigorate, in-vig'or-at, v.t., to give vigour to; to Vulnerable.]
strengthen ; to animate :fr.p. invig*orating ; Inward, in'ward, adj., placed or being within ; in
pa.p. invig'orated.n. lnvigora'tlon, the act or ternal : seated in the mind or soul : in ., intimate.
state of being invigorated. [In, and Vigour.] n.pi. in B., the intestines.adv. toward the
Invincible, tn-vin'si-bl, adj., not vincible or able to inside ; towards the interior : into the mind or
thoughts. [A.S. inweardin, and ward, direc
be overcome ; insuperable.adv. lnvln'cibly. tion.]
ns. lnvin'clbleness, lnvinclbll'lty. [L. in, not, and inwardly, in'ward-li, adv., in the Parts within; in
Vincible.] the heart ; privately : toward the centre,
Inviolable, in-vl'O-Iabl, adj., not violable ; that can inwards,
not be profaned; that cannot be injured.adv. Inweave, in'wardz, adv. same as Inward.
in-weV, v.t., to weave into; to entwine:
invi'olably.. inviolability. [L. in, not, and to complicate. [L. in, into, and Weave.]
violable.]
Inviolate, in-vfO-lat, inviolatod, in-vl'fl-lift-ed, adj., Inwrap, in-rap', v.t., to cover by wrapping; to
not violated; unprofaned ; uninjured. perplex : to transport. [In, and Wrap.]
Invisible, in-viz/i-bl, adj., not visible or capable of Inwreathe, in-rfth', v.t., to encircle as with a
being seen.-adv. invisibly.ns. inviaibil'ity, in- wreath, or the form ofa wreath. [In, and wreathe.]
vis'lbleness. [L. in, not, and Visible.] Inwrought, in-rawt', adj., wrought in or among
Invito, in-vit', v.t., to wish one to be in a place; other things; adorned with figures. [In, and
to ask; to summon; to allure; to attract.v.i. wrought.] See Work.
to ask in invitation:pr.p. inviting; fa.p, in Iodine, fO-dTn, n. one of the elementary bodies;
vited. [L. invito, -atum : variously derived from so named from the violet colour of its vapour.
[Gr.i ioeidis, violet-colouredion, a violet, and
the roots otvoto, to wish, and voco, to call.]
Invitation, in-vi-ta'shun, n., the act ofinviting; an eidos, form, appearance.]
asking or solicitation. Ionic, I-onlk, adj., relating to Ionia in Greece ;
lnvlter, m-vit'er, n., one who invites. denoting an order in architecture distinguished
Invitingly, in-vlr/ing-li, adv., in an inviting or by the ram's horn volute of its capital.
tempting manner. Iota, I-O'ta, ., a very small quantity or degree;
[nvocate. See under Invoke. a jot. [Gr., the smallest letter in the alphabet,
Invoice, in'vois, n. a letter ofadvice of the despatch corresponding to the English .]
ofgoods, with particulars of their price and quan Ipecacuanha, ip-e-kak-fl-an'a, n. a shrubby * plant
tity.v.t. to make an invoice o(:pr.p. in voic found in the woods of Brazil, the root of which
ing ; pa.p. in'voiced. [It awiso, from root of is much used in medicine. [Brazilian.]
Advice.] Irascible. See under Ire.
Invoke, in-vOk', v.t., to call upon earnestly or Ire, Ir, ., anger; rage ; keen resentment. [L. iraj]
solemnly ; to implore assistance ; to address in Ireful, Ir'fool, adj. ,full of ire or wrath ; resentful.
prayer '.pr.p. invoking ; Pa.p. invoked'. [L. adv. lra'fully.
invoco, -atumin, on, voco, to call, conn, with irascible, T-ras'i-bl, adj., susceptible ofire or anger;
vox, vocis, the voice.] easily provoked ; irritable.n. Irascibility.adv.
Invocate, in'v8-kat, v.t. to invoke orcallon solemnly irai'dhly. [low L. irasdbilisirascor, to be
or with prayer ; to implore '.-^pr.p. in'vOciting ; angryira.)
Pa.p. in'vOcited,
Invocation, in-vO-ka'shun, the act br the form of Iris,bling T/ris, n., the rainbow; an appearance resem
the rainbow : the broad coloured ring
invocating or addressing in prayer; a call or round the pupil of the eye : name of one of the
summons, especially a judicial order. minor planets : the fleur-de-lis or flag-flower.
Involuntary, in-vol'un-tar-i, adj., not voluntary; [L. iris, iridis, Gr. iris, iridos, the rainbow.]
fate, far ; me, her; mine ; mOte ; mate ; mOOa ; then.
 Iridescent Irrepealable
trldMcent, ir-i-des'cnt, lrlMted, fris-S-ted, adj., Irradiation, ir-ra-di-i'shun, act ofirradiatingat
coloured like the iris or rainbow.n, iridescence. emitting beams oflight: that which is irradiated ;
Irish, Irish, adj., relating -to or produced in Ire brightness : intellectual light.
land.n. language of the Irish, a species of Irrational,
CelticpL the natives or inhabitants of Ireland. ing ; voidir-rash'un-al, adj., not rationalorreason
of understanding : absurd.n. irra-
Irk, erk, v.t. lit. to make one dull; to weary: to tlonal'lty.adv. irrationally. [L. in, not, and
trouble ; to distress (now used only impersonally). rational.]
[A.S. earg, dull, slothful; Scotch, ergh, to feel Irreclaimable, ir-re-klum'a-bl, adj., that cannot be
reluctant. J reclaimed or reformed ; incorrigible, adv. irre-
Irksome, crk'sum, adj., dull; causing uneasiness ; claim'ably. [L. in, not, and reelaimable.]
tedious; unpleasantadv. irksomely.n. irk'- Irreconcilable, ir-rck-on-sll'a-bl, adj., not reconcil
eomeness. able ; incapable of being brought back to a state
Iron, Turn, n. the most common and useful of the offriendship: inconsistentn. lrreconcil'ableneaa.
metals ; an instrument or utensil made of iron : adv. Irreconcilably. [L. in, not, reconcilable.}
strength.//, fetters; chains.adj. formed of Irrecoverable, ir-re"-kuv'er-a-bl, adj., notrecoverable;
iron: resembling iron : rude ; stern: fast-binding; irretrievable.n.
not to be broken : robust : dull of understanding. cov'erably. ( L, in, not, and recoverable ] irre-
irrecov'erableneam,adv.
v.t. to smooth with an iron instrument : to arm
with iron : to fetter .pr.p. i'roning ; Pa.p. i'roncd. Irredeemable, ir-rc-d6ma-bl, adj., not redeemable;
[A.S. iren, Ger. eisen, conn, withX. aes, bronze.] not subject to be paid at the nominal value.ns.
Iron bound, furo-bound, adj., bound with iron ; irredeem'abtenese, lrredeemabil'lty.adv. Irre
surrounded with rocks. deemably. [L. in, not, and redeemable.]
Iron clad, I'um-klad, adj., clad in iron ; covered or Irreducible, ir-re"-d0s'i-bl, adj., that cannot be re
protected with iron.n. a war-vessel having the duced or brought back to a former state.n.
parts above water plated with iron, lrreduc'lbleneu.adv. lrreduc'lbly. [L. in, not,
iron-founder. Tura-found-cr, n. one who founds or and reducible.] [in, not, and reflective.]
makes castings in iron.
iron-foundry, T'urn-found-ri, n. a place where iron Irrefragable, ir-re-flek'tiv,
Irreflective,
ir-refra-gabl,
adj., not reflective. [L.
adj. lit. that cannot be
isfounded or cast,
iron-gray, furn-gra, adj. of a gray colour, like that broken ; that cannot be refuted or overthrown ;
unanswerable.ns. lrrcfragabil'lty, irrefragable-
of iron freshly cut or broken.n. this colour.
Iron-handed, I'urn-hand-ed, adj. having hands hard Beam.adv. lrref'ragably. [L. in, not, and low L.
rrfragabilisre, backwards, andfrag, root of
as iron. frange, to break.]
iron-hearted, T'urn-hart-ed, adj. having a heart Irrefutable, ir-ref'u-tabl or ir-re-fflr'a-bl, adj., that
hard as iron ; cruel. cannot be refuted or proved false.adv. lrref-
Iron master, l'uro-mas-ter, n. a master or proprietor ntably or Irrefutably. [ L. in, not, and refutable.]
of ironworks.
Ironmonger, I'um-munjj-gcr, . a monger or dealer Irregular, ir-rcg'fi-lar, adj., not regular or accord
in articles made of iron. ing to rule: unnatural: unsystematic: vicious:
ironmongery, T'ura-mung-ger-i, . a general name ingram., departing from the ordinary rules in its
for articles made ofiron ; hardware, inflection : variable : not symmetrical.n. a
iron-mould, turn-mOld, n. the mould or mark left soldier not in regular service.adv. irreg'ularly.
on wet cloth after touching rusty iron. [L. in, not, and Regular.]
Ironware, Turn-war, ., wares or goods of iron. Irregularity, ir-reg-Q-lar'i-ti, n., slate of being ir
ironwork, T'urn-wurk, n. the parts of a building, &c. regular; deviation from a straight line, or from
made ofiron ; anything of iron : a furnace where rule : departure from meihod or order : vice.
iron is smelted, or a foundry, &c. where it is Irrelative, ir-rel'a-tiv, adj., not relative; uncon
made into heavy work. nected.adv. Irrelatively. [L. in, not, and
Irony, furn-i, adj., made, consisting, or partaking relative.]
ofiron : like iron ; hard. Irrelevant, ir-rel'c-vant, adj., not relevant or bear
Ironical. See under Irony. ing directly on the matter in hand.n. torel'-
Irony, I'run-i, n., dissimulation ; a mode of speech evaney.adv. Irrelevantly. [L. in, not, Relevant.]
conveying the opposite of what is meant ; satire. Irreligious, ir-rg-lij'us, adj., not religious; ungodly.
[L. ironia, Gr. eirdneia, dissimulationeirJn, a adv. irreligiously.'r.. irreUg iousne<s. [L. in,
dissemblereirS, to talk.] not, and religious. J
Ironical. T-ron'ik-al, adj., containing irony; mean lrrellglon, ir-rfi-lij'un, ., want ofreligion.
ing the opposite of what is expressed ; satirical. Irremediable, ir-re-mC'di-a-bl, adj., that cannot be
adv. iron ically.
Irradiate, ir-ra'di-itt, v.t., to dart rays of light remedied adv.
or redressed.. irwme'diablenea*.
irremediably. [L. in, not, remediable.]
upon or into; to adorn with lustre : to decorate
with shining ornaments : to animate with light or Irremiialble,
or
ir-rS-mis'i-bl, adj., net to be remitted
forgiven.n. imnuat'ibleneei.adj. irremiav'-
heat: to illuminate the understanding.v.i. to ive, not remitting or forgiving.
emit rays ; to shine '.Pr.p. irra'diSting : pa.p. Irremovable, ir-r-mo"oVa-bl, adj., not removable;
irra'diated.adj. adorned with rays of light or steadfast.ns. irremovabll'ity, irremoVablcoeai.
with lustre. [L. irradio, irradiatumin, on, adv. irremoVably. [L. in, not, and removable.]
and Radiate.]
irradlance, ir-rfi'di-ans, lrradlancy, ir-ra'di-an-si, n., Irreparable, ir-rep'ar-a-bl, adj., not reparable or
act of irradiating ; emission of rays of light: capable of being recovered.n. Irrep'arableneai.
that which irradiates or is irradiated ; beams of adv. Irreparably. [L. in, not, and reparable.]
light emitted : splendour.
Irradlant, ir-ra'di-ant, adj., irradiating or shedding Irrepealable, ir-re'-pcTa-bl, adj., that cannot be re
pealed or annulled.adv. irrepeal'ably. [L. in,
beams of light. not, and repealable.]
fate, far ; me, her ; mine ; mOte ; mate ; mOOn ; Men.
S73
 Irreprehensible isothermal
IrTeprehensible, ir-rcp-re-hens'i-bl, adj., not repre exciting; excitement: in med., a vitiated state
hensible ; free from blame.adv. irreprehens'lbly. of sensation or action. [L. irritatio.]
n. urepreheDj'iblenesa. [L. in, not, reprehens irritative, ir'ri-tat-iv, adj., tending to irritate or
ible.] excite; accompanied with or caused by irrita
tion.
Irrepressible, ir-reVpres'i-bl, adj., not rrfirrssibU. irrttatory,
adv. IrreprWihly. [L. in, not, repreisibte.] ir'ri-ta-tor-i, adj., irritating; exciting.
Irreproachable, ir-rfi-proch'a-bl, adj., not reproach- Irruption, ir-rur/shun; n., a breahing or bursting
obit; free from blame; upright; innocent. in ; a sudden invasion or incursion. [L. irruptio
in, in, and rumpo, ruptum, to break.]
adv. irreproachably. [L. in, not, reproachable ]
Improvable, ir-r-prfloVa-bl, adj., not reprovable ; irruptive, ir-rupr'iv, adj., rushing suddenly in, or
blameless.adv. lrreprov'ably.. lrrepror'abie- upon.adv. lmipt'ively.
BNL [L. in, not, improvable.] Is, iz, third person sing, of Be. [A. S. is, Ger. ist,
Irresistance, ir-rfi-zist/ans, ., want of resistance ; L. est, Gr. esti, Sans, astias, to be.]
passive submission. [L. in, not, and resistance.] Iaagon, fsa-gon, . a figure having equal angles.
irresistible, ir-re-zist'i-bl, adj., not resistible or to be [Fr. isagoneGr. isos, equal, gonia, art angle.]
opposed with success.adv. Irresist ibly.ns. Isinglass, Tzing-gtas, . a glutinous substance,
irretijt iblenesi, lrresistlbu ity. chiefly prepared from the air-bladders of several
Irresolute, ir-rez'o-ldt, adj., not resolute or firm in species ofsturgeon. [Ger. hausenblasehauscn,
purpose.adv. irres olutely. [L. in, not, resolute.] the sturgeon, close, a bladder.]
lrretoluteness, ir-rez/o-lflt-nes, irresolution, ir-rez-o- Islam, izlam, n. lit complete submission to the will
lO'shun, ., want ofresolution, or of firm deter ofGod; the Mohammedan religion. [Ar. islam
mination of purpose. salama, to submit to God.]
Irresolvable, ir-rS-iolv'a-bl, adj., not resolvable or Iftl&mlsm, iz'lam-izm, n. the Mohammedan religion.
able to be resolved. [L. in, not, resolvable.] Islamitie, iz-lam-it'ik, adj., pertaining to Islam or
Irrespective, ir-re'-spekr/iv, adj., not respective; not Islamism.
having regard to,adv. Irrespect ively. [L. in, Island, Tland, . lit either, eye-land, or, water-
not, and respective ] land; land surrounded with water, like the eye
Irresponsible, ir-rC-spon'si-bl, adj., not responsible A.S. in the face ; a large floating mass, [old E. Hand,
or liable to answer (for).-adv. lrrespon'sibly.n. Sie, eye, igland; Fns. ooge, an eye, island ; Dan.
irresponslblTity. [L. in, not, responsible.] Se, island; Ice. ey, isle: or from A.S.
ea, water.]
Irretrievable, ir-rf-treVa-bl, adj., not retrievable or islander, I'land-er, n., an inhabitant ofan island.
to be recovered or repaired.adv. irretriev'ably.
M. irretrievableHess. [L. in, not, retrievable.] Isle, Tl, n. an island. [Fr. tie, old Fr. isle, It. isola
Irreverence, ir-rev'er-ens, want of reverence or Islet, L. insula : Celtic, innis, ennis, Scot inch.]
veneration ; want of due regard for the char Isolate,tlet, n., a little isle.
iz'a-lat or is', v.t. to place by itself, like an
acter and authority of the Supreme Being. [L. island; to place in a detached situation :pr.p.
in, not, and reverence ] isolating; pa.p. isolated.n. isolation. [It
Irreverent, ir-rev'er-ent, adj., not reverent; pro isolareisolaL. insula.]
ceeding from irreverence.-adv. lrreVerently.
Irreversible, ir-rC-vers'i-bl, adj., not reversible; that Isochelmal, T-sO-kl'ma!, Isochlmenal, T-s3-kT'men-al,
adj. lit having equal winters ; having the same
cannot be recalled or annulled. adv. lirevers'- mean
lbjy.m. urevers'lbleneia. [L. in, not, reversible.] cheima, winter.]temperature. [Gr. isos, equal,
winter
Irrevocable, ir-rev'o-kabl, adj., not revocable; that isochromatlc, I-s5-k ro-mnt'ik, adj. in optics, having
cannot be recalled.adv. irrevocably.n. irrev'- the same colour. [Gr. isos, equal, and chroma,
ocableness. [L. in, not, and revocable,] colour.]
Irrigate, ir'ri-gat, v.t, to water; to wet or moisten ; Isochronal, T-sok'ron-al, isochronous, T-sok'ron-us,
to cause water to flow upon xPr.p. irrigating ; adj. , of equal time ; performed in equal times.
Pa.p. irrigated. [L. irngo, -atumin, in, rigo, [Gr. isochronosisos, equal, chronos, time.]
to wet ; akin to Ger. regen, E. rain.]
irrigation, ir-ri-gS'shun, n. , act ofwatering, esp. of isochronousT-sok'ron-izm,
Isochronism, n., the quality of being
or done in equal time.
watering lands artificially. Isomeric, T-sG-mer'ik, adj. lit having equalparts;
Irrlgnou, ir-rigu-us, adj., watered; wet ; moist. composed of the same elements in the same pro
Irrision, ir-rizh'un, ., act of laughing at another. portions, but having different chemical proper-
[L. irrisioin, against, rideo, risum, to laugh.] tics. [Gr. isos, equal, meros, part.]
Irritable, Irritability. See under Irritate. Isometric, I-sO-met'nk, Bometricai, I-sO-metYik-al,
Irritate, ir'ri-tat, v.t. lit to snarl much, as a dog ; adj., having equality of measure. [Gr. isos,
to make angry ; to provoke : to excite heat and equal, metron, measure.]
redness in \pr.p. irritating ; Pa.p. irritated. [L. lsonomy, T-son'o-mi, n., equal law, rights, or privi
trrito, -atum, freq. of irrio, to snarl, as a dog.] leges. [Gr. isonomiaisos, equal, nomas, law
Irritable, u/ri-tabl, adj., that may be irritated; nemd, to deal out, distribute.]
easily provoked: in med., susceptible of excite isosceles, I-sos'e-lfz, adj. lit. having equal lejgs : in
ment or irritation.adv. Irritably.n. lr'ritabls- geom., having two equal sides, as a triangle.
ness. [L. irritabilisirrito.] (Gr. isoskelis isos, equal, skelos, a leg.]
Irritability, ir-ri-ta-bil'i-ti, the quality of being bother*!, I-soth'er-al, adj. lit. having equal sum
easily irritated; the peculiar susceptibility to mers; having the same mean summer tempera
stimuli possessed by the living tissues and fibres. ture. [Gr. isos, equal, theros, summertherd, to
Irritant, irri-tant, adj., irritating.n. that which be warm.]
causes irritation. [ L. irritans, -antis, pr.p. of isothermal, T-s5-thermal, adj., having an equal
irrito.] degree ofheat. [Fr. isothermeGr. isos, equal,
Irritation, ir-ri-ta'shun, act of irritating or therm/, heatthermos, hot]
fate, fir ; m, her ; mine ; mOte ; mute ; mCon ; then.
274
 isotonic
isotonic, T-sB-ton'ik, adj., having equal tones. [Gr.
isos, equal, tones, tone*]
Israelite, iz'ra-el-Tt, n. a descendant of Israel or
Jacob ; a Jew. [Gr. IsraelitisIsrael, Hcb.
Yismel, contender, soldier of Godsara, to
fight, and El, God.]
Israelitic, iz-ra-el-it'ik. XsraeHtlsh, iz'r.i-el-It-ish, adj.,
Pertaining to the Israelites or Jews.
Issue, ish'uu, v.i., to go, flow, or come out; to pro
ceed, as from a source ; to spring ; to be pro
duced : in law, to come to a point in fact or law ;
to terminate.v.t. to send out ; to put into circu
lation : to give out for use :-~Pr.p. is'suing ; /a./.
is'sued. ifl'flncr. [Fr. issueissir, to go or
flow outL. exireex, out, ire, to go.]
iou, ish'00, ., a going or flowing out; act of
sending out : that which flows or passes out : fruit
of the body, children ; produce ; circulation, as of
bank-notes ; publication, as of a book ; a giving
out for use ; ultimate result, consequence : in law,
the close or result of a pleading: in tned., an
ulcer produced artificially.
tuneless, ish'o"&*les, adj., without issue; childless.
Isthmus, ist'mus, n. lit a passage from one place
to another ; a neck of land connecting two larger
portions of land. [L.Gr. isthmos, a passage,
an isthmus, iihma, a stepeimi, to go.]
11, it, pron. the thing spoken of or referred to.
[old E. and A.S. hit, Goth, ita; akin to L. id,
Sans, f, pronominal root = here.]
Italian, i-tal'yan, Italic, i-tal'ik, adj., of or relating
to Italy or its people.n. a native of Italy ; the
language of Italy. [It. Italiano, ItaluoL.
ItaliaGr. italos, a bull, L. Vilnius, a calf.]
ItalUnuw, i-tal'yan-Tz, v.t., to make Italian.v.i.
to play the Italian ; to speak Italian \pr.p.
Ital'ianlsing; pa.fi. ItarianTsed.
Ulcs, i-tal'iks, n.pl. a kind of types which slope to
the right (as ill the last word), so called because
dedicated by their inventor to the Italian States.
, i-tal'i-sTr, v.t., toprint in Italics:pr.p.
Ital icising; Pa.p. ItaKicIsed.
Itch, ich, ., an uneasy, irritatingsensation in the
shin ; an eruptive disease in the skin, caused by
a parasitic animal and accompanied by severe
itching.v.i. to have an uneasy, irritating sensa
tion in the skin ; to have a constant, teasing
desire : itching ; pa.p. itched . [A.S.
gictha, itching, gicenes, a burning in the skin ;
Scot, youk, yuck, Ger. jUcken, to itch.]
itchy, ich'i, adj.,pertaining to or affected with itch.
Item, T'tem, adv. lit. in the same way; also.n. a
separate article or particular.v.t. to make a
note of :-Pr.p. fteming; Pa.p. ftemed. [L.
id, that, akin to Sans, ittham, thus.]
Iterate, it'er-2t, v.t., to do again ; to repeat '.pr.p.
iterating ; pa.p. it'eriitcd.n. ltera'tion,repetition.
[L. itero, -atumiterum {is, this, and compar
ative affix terum), beyond this, again ; akin to
Sans, itara, other.]
Iterative, it'er-at-iv, adj., repeating. [L. iterativus.]
Itinerant, i-tin'cr-ant, adj., making journeys from
Slace to place ; travelling.n. one who travels
om place to place, esp. a preacher ; a wanderer.
adv. itin'eranUy.nr. ltin'eracy, Itln'erancy.
pow L. itinerant, -antisL. iter, itineris, a
Journeyeo. itum, to go.]
Itinerary, i-tin er-ar-i, adj., travelling; done on a
journey.n. a book of travels ; a guide-book for
travellers. [L. itinerariusiter.)
fate, far ; mi, her ; mine ;
Jacobinical
Its, its. Post. Pron., the possessive ofIt.
itself, it-self, firon. the neuter reciprocal pronoun,
applied to things. [It's self.]
Ivied. See under Ivy.
Ivory, rVo-ri, n. lit. theelephant; thehard, whitesub
stance composing the tusks of the elephant and of
the sea-horse. adj. made of or resembling ivory.
[Fr. ivoire, Prov. evoriL. ebur, eboris, ivory
old Egyptian, ebur, Sans, ibha, an elephant.]
Ivory-black, I'vo-ri-blak, *. a black powder, orig.
made from burnt ivory, but now from bone.
ivory-nut, fvo-ri-nut, the nut of a species of
palm, containing a substance like ivory.
Ivy, iM, n. an evergreen creeping plant on trees and
walls. [A.S. ifig, Ger. epheu, old Ger. ebeheue.)
ivied, lvyed, fvid, ivy-mantled, fvi-man-tld, adj.,
overgrown or mantled with ivy.
Jabber, jab'er, v.t'., to gabble or talk rapidly and in
distinctly ; to chatter.v.t. to utter indistinctly:
jabb'ering ; Pa.p. jabb'ered.n. rapid
indistinct speaking.n. Jabb'arer. [Scot, gibber;
from root of Gabble.]
Jacinth, T'a-sinth or j;V, n. in B., a precious stone,
a red variety of zircon, now called hyacinth; a
dark-purple colour, [contr. of Hyacinth.]
Jack, jak, n. a nickname or diminutive of John ; a
saucy or paltry fellow ; a sailor : any instrument
serving to supply the place of a boy or helper, as
a boot-jack for taking off boots, a contrivance for
turning a spit, a screw for raising heavy weights :
the male of some animals : a young pike : a sup
port to saw wood on : a miner's wedge : a flag
displayed from the bowsprit of a ship : a coat of
mail. [Fr. Jaques, James, the most common
name in France, hence used as a substitute for
John the most common name in England.}
Jackanapes, jak'a-naps, n. lit. Jack the ape; a
monkey, a coxcomb.
Jackass, jak'as, ., the male ofthe ass; a blockhead.
[Jack = the male, and Asa,]
Jackboots, jakTXJOts, n.pl. large boots reaching above
the knee, to protect the leg, formerly worn by
cavalry, and lined with plates ofiron. [Jack
coat-of-m-iil. and Boots.]
Jackdaw, jak'daw, n. a species of crow. [Jack, and
Daw.)
Jacket, jak'et, n., a short coat. [Fr. jaquette; Sp.
jaquita, a dim. of Jack, a homely substitute for
a coat-of-mail.]
Jacketed, jak'et-ed, adj., wearing ajacket.
Jackscrew, jak'skrOO, ., a screw for raising heavy
weights. [Jack, and Screw.]
Jack, Jak, jak, n. a tree of the E. Indies of the
same genus as the Bread-fruit-trce.
Jackal, jak'awl, ;.*. a wild, gregarious kind of dog.
[Fr. jackal and chacal; Ar. tochakhal; Per*.
shagAl; Sans, prigdla.]
Jacket, See under Jack.
Jacobin, jak'O-bin, n. one of an order of monks, so
named from their orig. establishment in the Rue
St Jacques {St James's Streetl Paris; one of a
society of revolutionists in France, so called
from their meeting in a Jacobin convent ; a
demagogue : a hooded pigeon. [Fr.L. Jacobus,
James, Gr. JacSbos, Heo. ja'akob.]
Jacobinical, jak-u-bin'i-kal, adj., pertaining
Jacobins or revolutionists of France ;
revolutionary principles.
mOte ; mute ; mGOn ; then.
275
 Jacobinism
Jacobinism, jak'5-bin-izm, the principles of the
Jacobins or French revolutionists.
Jacobite, jak'O-bTt, n. an adherent of James II. and
his descendants.adj. of or belonging to the
Jacobites.adj. Jacobit'lcal.n. Jac'obitlsm.
Jacob a-ladder, ji'kobs-lad'ur, n.t naut.t a ladder
made of ropes with wooden steps : a garden
plant with large blue flowers, [from the Ladder
which Jacob saw in his dream.]
Jade, jad, n., v.t., to came to Pant; to tire; to
harass.v.u to become weary; to lose spirit:
Pr.p. jad'ing; Pa.p. jad'ed. n. a tired horse ; a
worthless nag ; a womanin contempt or irony ;
a stone of a dark-green colour, [acc. to Wedg
wood, Sp. ijadear, to pantijada, L. ilia, the
flank.J
jag, n., a cleft or notch ; a ragged protuber
ance: in hot., a cleft or division.v.t. to cut into
notches \Pr.p. jagg'ing ; pa.p. jagged'. [Celt
gag, a cleft.]
Jagged, jag'cd, adj., cleft; having notches.adv.
Jagg'edly.n. Jagg'ednesi.
Jagger, jag'er, n. a brass wheel with a notched edge
for cutting cakes &c. into ornamental forms.
J*ggy. jagl, adj., notched; set with teeth; uneven.
Jaguar, jag'Q-ar or jag-w5r/, n. the most powerful
Amcncan beast of prey, usually of a yellow
colour with large black spots and rings, found in
S. America. [Bnz. jagoara.]
Jah, jfi, n. Jehovah. [Hcb.]
Jail, same as Gaol.Jailer, same as gaoler.
Jalap, jalap, n. the purgative root of a plant found
near Jaiapa or Xalapa, in Mexico.
Jam, jam, n. a conserve of fruit boiled with sugar.
[Gr. sSmos, btoth.]
Jam, jam, v.t., to press as between jambs; to
squeeze tight :/r./. jamming; pa.p. jammed',
[bee Jamb under.]
Jamb, jam, n. lit. a bending; the side-piece of a
door, fireplace, &c. [Fr.jambe, old Fr.jame,
It. gamba, a legCelt, cam, camb, bent.]
Jangle, jang'gl, v.t. to sound discordantly as in
wrangling; to wrangle or quarrel.v.t. to cause
to sound harshly iPr.p. jangling ; pa.p. jang'-
led.n. discordant sound ; contention, [old Fr.
jangler, from the sound.]Mr. Jang'ler, Jangling.
Janitor, janl-tor, n,, a door-keeper; a porter.
fern. Janltrix. [L., fromjanua, a door.]
Janizary, jan'i-zar-i, Janissary, jan'is-sar-t, n. a
soldier of the old Turkish foot-guards.adj.
Janlza'rlan. [Fr. Janissaire; Turk.yeni-tsheri,
new soldiers.]
Janty. See Jaunty.
January, jan'u-ar-i, n. the first month of the year,
dedicated by the Romans to Janus, the god of
the sun. [L. JanuariusJanus.}
Japan, ja-pan', v.t. to varnish after the manner of
the Japanese or people of Japan ; to make
black and glossy :pr.p. japanning ; pa.p.
japanned'.n. work japanned ; the varnish used
in japanning.n. Japann'er.
Jar, jar, v.t. lit to creak; to clash ; to quarrel : to
be inconsistent.v.t. to shake :fr.p. jarring ;
Paf. jarred'.n. a harsh rattling sound ; clash
of interest or opinions ; discord,adv. Jarringly,
[imitative of the sound like Sp. chirriar, to creak
or chirp ; L. garrio, to chatter.]On the Jar, same
as Ajar.
Jar, jar, n. an earthen or glass bottle with a wide
filte, far ; mf, her ; mine ;
jellied
mouth; a measure. [Fr. jarrt; It, giara; Ar.
jarrah, a water-pot]
Jargon, ja/gun, . lit chattering of birds ; con
fused talk ; slang. [Fr.jargon; It gergo; like
A.S. cearcian, to chatter.)
Jargonelle, jar-gO-nel', n. a kind of pear. [Fr.]
Jasmine, jas'min, Jessamine, jes'a-min, n. a genus
of plants, many species of which have very frag
rant flowers. [Ar. yasamyn; Pers. jasmin.}
Jasper, jas'per, n. a hard silicious mineral of various
colours; a precious stone. [Fr. jaspe; L. and
Gr. iaspis ; Heb. yashpheh.]
Jasperated, jas'per-2-ted, adj., mixed withjasper.
Jaundice, jan'dis, n. a disease, characterised by a
yellowness ofthe eyes, skin, &c. caused by bile.
[Fr.jaunisse, fromjaune, yellowL. galbanus,
yellowish, galbus, yellow.]
Jaundiced, jan'dis:, adj.t affected with jaundice ;
prejudiced.
Jaunt, jant, v.t. lit to stir; to go from place to
place ; to make an excursion.n. an excursion ;
a ramble, [old }Z.jaunce, old Fr.jancer, to stir.)
Jaunting, jant'ing, adj., strolling; making an ex
cursion.
Jaunty, Janty, jan'ti, adj. lit. genteel; airy ; showy ;
dashing; finical.adv. Jauntily.n. Jaunt meet.
[Fr. gentil, from root of Genteel.]
Javelin, javlin, ., a spear about six feet long,
anciently used by both infantry and cavalry.
[Fr. javeline ; Sp. jabalina, old E. gaveltoch,
W. gaflachgaft, a fork.]
Jaw, jaw, n., that which chews; the bones of the
mouth in which the teeth are set ; the mouth ;
anything like a jaw. [old . c/utw, prob. akin
to Chin, Chew.]
Jawed, jawd, adj., having jaws; denoting the
appearance of the jaws.
Jawbone, jaw'bOn, ., the bone ofthejaw, in which
the teeth are set.
Jaw-fall, jaw'-fawl, a falling of the jaw; fig.
depression of spirits. [Jaw, and Fall.]
Jay, jS, . a bird of the crow family with gay
plumage. [Fr.geai; Sp. gayo, a jay, and gayar,
to variegate, from root of Gay.]
Jealous, jel'us, adj. lit. zealous; suspicious of or
incensed at rivalry ; anxious to defend the honour
of.adv. Jeai'oualy.. jealousy. [Fr. jaUux;
It zeloso; L. zelus, and Gr. zilos, emulation.]
Jean,Jin, n. a twilled cotton cloth, [from Jaent
in Spain.]
Jeer, jcr, v.t., to make sport of; to treat with
derision.v.t. to scoff; to deride ; to make a
mock of:pr.p. jeering ; Pa.p. jeered'.n. a
railing remark ; biting jest ; mockery, [acc. to
Wedgwood, Ice. dar, derision, dura, to make
sport of.]adv. Jeer'ingly.
Jehovah, jC-hO'va, . lit. the eternal or self-existent
Being, the chief Hebrew name of the Deity.
[Heb. yehovah, from hayah, to be.]
Jejune, je"-jo"On', adj. lit. abstaining from food,
hungry ; empty ; void of interest ; barren.adv.
Jejunely- JaJune'neM. [L. jejunus, akin to
Sans, yam, intens. jdjam, to eat, to be hungry.]
jejunum, jg-jOT'num, n. the first part of the smaller
intestine, so called because generally found
empty after death. [L.jejunus }
Jelly, jell, anything congealed orfrozen ; any
thing gelatinous; the juice of fruit boiled with
sugar. [Fr. gelie, from geler, L. gelo, to freeze. ]
Jellied, jcl'id, adj., in the state ofjelly.
mOte ; mfltc ; mODn ; then.
 JeUy-flflh Job
Jelly-flan, jeri-fish, n. marine radiate animals like Jet, jet, n. a mineral very compact and black used
jelly. [Jelly, and Fish.] for ornaments. [Fr.jaiet, Ger. gagat} L., Gr.
Jennet, same as Genet. gagatis, from Gagas, a town and river in Lycia,
Jenneting, jen'et-ing, n. an apple ripe in June. Jet-black, in Asia Minor, where it was obtained.]
[corrupted from Juneting.) [root of Gin. jct'-blak, adj., black at jet, the deepest
black
Jenny, jen'i, n. agin or machine for spinning, [from Jtty jet/i, colour.
Jeopard, &c. See under Jeopardy. adj., made ofjet, or black as jet.n.
Jeopardy, jer/ard-i, n. lit. an even game or chance; Jet,Jettlnese.
hazard, danger. [Fr. jeu Parti, low L. jocus v.t. to emittointhrow
jet, v.i., or shootfonvard; to jut.
a stream '.pr.p. jett'ing; fa.p.
Parti/us, a divided or even gameL. jocus, a jett'ed. [Fr. jeterh.jacto, frcq. ofjacw, to
game, fartiius, dividedfartior, to divide.]
Jeopard, jcpard, Jeopardise, jep'ard-Iz, v.t., to put Jet,throw.]
in jeopardy :pr.p. jeoparding, jeopardising ; short pipe emitting a flame of gas. stream;
jet, n. lit a throwing; a spouting
[Fr., It
a
Pa.p. jeop'ardea, jeopardised. geto, L. jactusjacio, to throw.)
Jeopardons, jep'ard-us, adj.t/ull ofjeopardy; ex , Jetty, jert, n.} that whichjuts out; a projection ;
posed to danger or loss.adv. Jeop'ardotuuy. a kind of pier. [Fr. jetiejeter.\
Jerboa, jer'bS-a or jer-bO'a, n. a genus of small Jetsam, jet/sam, Jetson, jet'sun, jettiion,jet'i-sun, .,
rodent quadrupeds, remarkable for the length the throwing
of their hind-lees and their power of jumping. great peril to oflighten goods overboard in a case of
a vessel ; the goods so
(Ar. yerbda, yarvua.] thrown away which remain under water.
Jeremiad, jcr-e-ml'ad, a lamentation ; a talc of Jew, j&U, n.j an inhabitant of Judaa ; a Hebrew
grief; a doleful story, [from Jeremiah, the or Israelite.fern. Jev/eai. [old Fr. Juts, L.
prophet, author of the book of Lamentations.]
Jerk, jerk, v.t. lit to beat smartly ; to throw with Jewish, jOT'ish, adj., belonging to theJudea.]
Judarus, Gr. loudaiosloudaia,
Jews.adv.
a quick effort ; to give a sudden movement : Jew'isnly.n. Jew'ishnesi. _ [Jews.
pr.p. jerk'ing ; Pa.p. jerked'.. a short, sudden Jewry, jtJO'ri, n., Judea: a district inhabited by
movement ; a striking against with a sudden Jew's-harp, jOTJz'-harp, n. a small harp-shaped
motion. [Scot, yerk, Ice. hreck-ia, to beat.] musical instrument played between the teeth by
JerkeU beef, jerkt'-be'f, beefpreserved by being striking
cut into than pieces and dried in the sun. [Chilian, Ft. jeu, aa spring with the finger, [perhaps from
toy, and Harp.]
charqui.\ Jewel, jSC'el, ., ajoy or delight ; an ornament of
Jerkin, jerTcin, n. a jacket, a short coat or close dress ; a precious stone
waistcoat. [Dutch,jurk, a pinafore ; Yx.jargot, v.t. to dress or adorn; anything highly valued.
with jewels ; to fit with
a garment worn by country-people.]
Jersey, jer'zi, *. the finest part of wool ; combed Yr.jouel, t. joyau, It giojello, from dim. of[oldr
a jewel :Pr.p. jew'elling ; pa.p. jewelled,
L.
wool ; a kind of woollen jacket, [from Jersey, gaudium, joygaudeo, to rejoice.] See Joy.
one of the Channel Islands.] Jeweller, jOo'el-er, n., one who makes or deals in
Jerusalem Artichoke, je-rGO'sa-lem ar'ti-chok, . a jewels. [general.
plant ofthe same genus as the common sunflower, Jewellery, joTJ'cI-er-i, Jewelry, j50'el-ri, n., jewels in
the roots of which are used as food, and the leaves Jib, jib, n. a triangular sail borne in front of the
given to cattle, [a corn of It. girasole, sunflower,
and Artichoke, from the similarity in flavour of-its foremast in a ship, so called from its shifting
of itself.v.t. to shift a boom sail from one tack
root to that of this plant] to the other.v.i. to move restively. [Dutch,
Jen, jes, n. lit a throw; a short strap round the gijpen, to turn suddenly.]
legs of a hawk, by which she is held and let go. Jib-boom, jib'-bfSOm, n., a boom or extension of the
[old FT.ges,jet; It. geto, from h.jacto, to throw.] bowsprit, on which thejib is spread.
Jewed, jest, adj., havingjesses on. Jibe, same as Gibe.
Jessamine, jes'a-min. Sec Jasmine. Jig, jig, ., a quick, lively tune ; a quick danco
Jesse, jes'i, n. a large branched candlestick used in suited to the tune.v.i. to dance a jig:-
churches, [from its likeness to the genealogical jigging; pa.p. jigged'. [Fr. gigue, a stringed
tree of Jesse, the father of David, formerly hung instrument, Ger. geige, from Ice. geiga, to move
up in churches.] rapidly : conn, with Gig.]
Jeit, jest, n. orig. a deed, a story; something JUt, jilt, n. a woman who encourages a lover and
ludicrous ; joke ; fun ; something uttered in sport ; then neglects or rejects him ; a flirt.v.t. to en
object of laughter.v.i. to make a jest or merri courage and then disappoint in love.v.i. to act
ment t~Pr.fi. jest'ing; pa.p. jest'ed.adv. Jesf- as a jilt:/r./. jilting; Pa.p. jilr/cd. [Scot.
lngly. [old E.jest, gest ; L. gestumgero, to do.] jillet, perh. from Jill, a female name, used in
Jeejter, jest'er, n. orig. a story-teller ; one whojests ; contempt]
a buffoon. Jingle, jing'gl, n., ajangling or clinking sound ; that
Jesuit, jcr'Q-it, n. one of the Society of Jesus, which makes a rattling sound ; a correspondence
founded in 1534 by Ignatius Loyola, the members of sounds.v.t. to make a jingling sound.
of which are reputedly celebrated for craftiness ; v.i. to sound with a jingle '.pr.p. jingTing;
a crafty person.adjs. Jesuitic, Jesuitical.adv. Pa.p. jing'led. [formed from the sound.] See
Jesuit lcally. Jangle.
Jesuitism, jez'Q-it-izmf the principles andprac Job, job, n. a sudden stroke or stab with a pointed
tices ofthe Jesuits ; cunning ; deceit. instrument like a beak.v.t. to strike or stab
Jens, je'zus, n., the Saviour of mankind. [Gr. suddenly ;pr.p. jobb'ing ;/.>.jobbed'. [Gael.
Jisous, Heb. Joshua, Jehoshua, Jehovah the gob, W, gyb, a beak.]
Saviouryasha, to save.] Job, job, n. lit a lump or portion; any piece of
fate, Or ; me, her ; mine ; mote ; mate ; mCOn ; Men.
 jobber
work, esp. of a trifling or temporary nature ; any
undertaking with a view to profit ; in a bad sense,
a mean, lucrative affair.zr.il to work at jobs ; to
buy and sell, as a broker : to hire or let out for a
short time, esp. horses, [old E.gobbet, Fr. gobct.j
See Gobble.
Jobber, job'er, *., one wlw jobs; one who buys and
sells, as a broker ; one who turns official actions
to private advantage ; one who engages in a
mean, lucrative affair.
Jobbery, job'er-i, n.Jobbing; unfair means employed
to procure some private end.
Jockey, jok'i, n. lit. UttU John ; a man (orig. a
boy) who rides horses in a race ; a horse-dealer ;
one who takes undue advantage in business.
v.t. to jostle by riding against ; to cheat :/""/
jock'eying ; pa.p. jock'eyed ('id), [dim. of jock,
Scot, for Jack, dim. of John, a common name for
servants.]
Jockcyuuo, jokl-izm, jockeyihlp, jok'i-ship, n.t the
art or practice ofajockey.
Jocose, jo-kGs', adj., full of jokes; humorous;
merry.adv.Jocowly.. Jocoie'ness. [L.jocosus
jocus, a joke.] See Joke.
Jocular, jok'u-lar, adj., riven tojokes; humorous;
droll ; laughable.adv. Joe 'ularly. Jocolar'ity.
[L. jocularisjocus.]
Jocund, jok'und, adj. in a jocose humour; merry;
cheerful ; pleasant.adv. Joc'undly.n. Jocund
ity. [L. jocundusjocus.]
'og, jog, v.t., to shack or shake; to push with the
elbow or hand.v.t. to move by small shocks ; to
travel slowly '.pr.p. jogging ; pa.p. jogged'.
n. a slight snake ; a push. [dim. of Shock..]
Jog-trot, jog'-trot, . a slowjogging trot.
Joggle, jog'l, v.t., tojog or shake slightly ; to jostle.
v.t. to shake ipr.p. joggling ; pa.p. joggled,
[dim. of Jog.]
John Dory. Sec Done.
Join, join, v.t., to connect; to unite; to associate;
to add or annex.v.t. to be connected with ; to
grow together; to be in close
(with) :/-./. joining; Pa.p.contact;
joined'.to unite
[Fr.
joinare, It. giugntre, L. jungere, junctum,
conn, with Gr. eeugnumi, Sans, yuj, to join.]
Joiner, join'er, n., one who joins or unites: a car
penter.
Joinery, join'er-i, ., the art ofthejoiner.
Joint, joint, n., a joining; the place where two or
more things join ; a knot ; a hinge ; a seam ; the
place where two bones are joined : in cook., the
part of the limb of an animal cut off at the joint.
adjoined, united, or combined ; shared among
more than one.v.t. to unite by joints; to fit
closely; to provide with joints ; to cut into joints,
as an animal.v.i. to fit like joints:/**./,
jointing; pa.p. joint'ed. [Fr., old Yx.joinct
joindre.]
Jointly, jointly adv., in ajoint orjoined manner;
unitedly or in combination ; together.
Joint-stock, joint'-stok, n.t stock held jointly or in
company.
Jointure, joinfur, n. propertyjoined to or settled on
a woman at marriage to be enjoyed after her
husband's death.v.t. to settle a jointure upon :
pr.p. joint'Oring ; Pa.p. joint/Ored. [Fr., old
Fr. joincture, L. junctura.]
Jolntureu,joint'Qr-es,Jointress,joint'res, n., a woman
on wham a jointure is settled.
Junction, jungk'shun, the act ofjoining; union
or combination ; place or point of union.
fate, far ; me, her ; mine ;
Jovial
Juncture, jungk'tur, n. , ajoining; a union ; a critical
or important point of time. [L. junctura.}
Junta, jun'ta, a body of menjoined or united ;
a Spanish grand council of state. [Sp.jungo.1
Junto, jun'to, n., a body of men joined or united
for some secret intrigue ; a cabal or faction. [Sp. ]
Joist, joist, n, lit. that on which anything lies;
the timbers to which the boards of a floor or
the laths of a ceiling are nailed.v.t. to fit with
joists ;*rJ. joistlng ; Pa.p. joisfed. [Scot.
geist, old Fr. giste, from gesir, Prov. jazer, L.
jacere, to lie.]
Joke, j5k, n., ajest ; a witticism ; something witty
or sportive ; anything said or done to excite a
laugh.v.t. to cast jokes at ; to banter ; to make
merry with.v.i. to jest ; to be merry ; to make
sport '.pr.p. joVing ; /a./. j3ked'. [A.S. ioic,
Dutch, jok, h. jocus.]
Jokingly, jok'ing-ti, adv., in ajoking manner.
Joker, joVer, n., one whojokes or jests.
Jole, the preferable form of JowL
Jolly, jolli. adj., merry; expressing or exciting
mirth : plump, robust.-adv. Jol'llly.ns. Jollity,
Jol'linese. [Fr. joli, Ice. jot, a Christinas feast,
E. yule.]
Jolly-boat, jolli-bot, n., a yawl boat ; a small boat
belonging to a ship. [corr. of Tawl and Boat.]
Jolt, jolt, v.i. to shake with sudden jerks.v.t. to
shake with a sudden shock :/r./. jolting ; Pa.p,
jolt'cd.n. a sudden jerk, [from the sound.]
Joltlngly, joltlng-li, adv., in ajolting manner.
Jonquil, jon'kwil, Jonquille, jon-kweT, n. a name
given to certain species of narcissus with rush-
leaves. [Fr. jonquilleL.juncus, a rush.]
Jostle. See under Joust.
Jot, jot, n. lit. a point ; the least quantity assign
able.v.t. to set down briefly ; to make a memo
randum of :Pr.p. jotting ; P<i.p. jott ed, [the
smallest letter in Hebrew, yod, Gr. iota, E. .]
Jotting, jotlng, n. a memorandum.
Journal, jur'nal, ,, a diurnal or daily register or
diary; a book containing an account of each
day's transactions ; a newspaper published daily
or otherwise ; a magazine ; the transactions of
any society. [Fr., It. gwrnalelov/ h.jomale
L. diumalis.] See Diurnal.
Journalism, jur'nal-i2m, n., the keepingofajournal;
the profession of conducting public journals.
Journalist, jur'nal-ist, one w)to writes or conducts
a journal or newspaper.
Journalistic, jur-nal-istlk, adj., pertaining tojour
nals or newspapers, or tojournalism.
Journey, jur'ni, n. lit. a day's travel ; any travel ;
tour; excursion.v.i. to travel :/'*./. jour'ney-
ing ; pa.p. jour'neyed (nidi. [Fr.joumeejour,
It. giomo, a dayL. diumus.]
journeyman, jur'ni-man, ., one who works by the
day ; any hired workman.
Jout,just, . lit. a coming together; the encounter
of two knights on horseback at a tournament,
v.i. to run in the tilt '.pr.p. joust ing ; Pa.p.
jousr/ed. [old Ft,juste, from L..juxta, together.]
Jostle, jos'l, v.t., tojoust or strike against ; to drive
against '.pr.p. jos'tling; pa.p. jos'tled. [rcq.
of Joutt.]
Jovial, jo vi-a!, adj. lit. belongingto Jove or Jupiter*
fortunate ; full of mirth and happiness : joyous.
adv. jo v-ially.ns. Joviality, Jo'vi&lnew. [ L.
yovialisJupiter, Jovis, Jupiter, the star, from
the language of astrology.]
mote ; mute ; muon ; then.
 Jowl
Jowl, Jole, jol, n., the jaw or cheek. [A.S. ceole,
the jaw, old Fr. goIc, Fr. gueule, the throat, L.
gula.\
Joy, joy, gladness; happiness : rapture ; mirth ;
the cause ofjoy.v.i., to rejoice; to be glad ; to
exult:Pr.p. joying; Pa.p. joyed'. [Fr. joie,
Sp_. j'oya, It. gioja, L. gaudiumgaudeo, to
rejoice, allied to Gr. getheO.]
Joyful, joyTool, adj. ,full oj'joy; very glad, happy,
or merry.adv. Joy fully.n. Joy fulness.
joyless, joyies, adj., without joy; not giving joy.
adv. Joy leisly.n. Joy lewneas.
Joyoua, joy'ui, adj.,full ofjoy, happiness, or merri
mentadv. Joy'oiuly.*. Joy oiuneu.
Jubilee, jOD'bi-Ie, n. lit. a shout ofjoy; the year
of release among the Jews every fiftieth year :
any season of great publicjoy and festivity. [Fr.
juoitt, L. j'ubtlum, rich, yobel.]
Jubilant, jOu bi-lant, adj., snoutingforjoy, as in a
jubilee; rejoicing; uttering songs of triumph.
[L. j'ubilans, -antisjubilo, jubdatum, to shout
for joy.]
jubilation, jTO-bi-la'shun, n.x a shoutingforjoy as
in ajubilee; the declaration of triumph,
jubilate,jCO-bi-li'te, w.the 3d Sunday after Easter, so
called because the Church Service began on that
day with the 66th Psalm, ' 'jubilate Deo,' &c.
Judaic, jCd-da'ik, Judalcal, jCD-d.Vik-al, adj., per
taining to the Jews.adv. Juda'lcally. [L. Ju-
daicutJuda, Judah, one of the sons of Israel.]
Judaism, jCo'da-izm, ., the doctrines and rites of
the Jews; conformity to the Jewish rites.
Judalse, Joo'da-Tz, v.i., to conform to or practise
Judaism:pr.p. jQ'dalsing : Pa.p. jQ'daTscd.
Judean, jOO-de'an, adj., belonging to Judea.n. a
native of Judea.
Judge, juj, v.i., to Point out or declare what is
just or law ; to hear and decide ; to pass sentence :
to compare facts to determine the truth : to form
or pass an opinion ; to distinguish.vd to hear
and determine authoritatively ; to sentence : to
censure severely : toconsider: in B., to condemn :
Pr.p. judging ; Pa.p. judged'. [Vt, jugerL.
judicojus, law, and duo, to declare.]
/ndge, juj, n., one whojudges; a civil officer who
hears and settles any cause : an arbitrator ; one
who can decide upon the merit of anything: the
Supreme Being: in Jewish history, a magistrate
having civil and military powers.//, title of the
seventh book of the Old Testament. [Fr. juge,
L. judexjudico. ]
htp, juj ship, n. , the office ofajudge.
tent, juj'ment, act ofjudging; the com
paring of ideas, to elicit truth : faculty by which
this is done, the reason ; opinion formed : taste :
sentence ; condemnation ; doom.
Judgment-day, juj'ment-da. n. the day on which
God will pronounce final judgment on mankind.
judgment-Mat, juj'ment-sct, n., seat or bench in a
court from which judgment is pronounced.
Judicable, jCO'di-ka-bl. adj., that may be judged or
tried. [L. judicabilis.]
judicative, jOu'di-ka-tiv, adj., having power to
judge,
judicatory, joT/di-kS-tor-i, adj., pertaining to a
judge; distributing justice.n. distrib ition of
justice; a tribunal. [L,.judi'catortus.]
Judicative, jOo'di-ka-tur, n. , profession of a judge;
power or system of dispensing justice by legal
trial; jurisdiction: a tribunal.
Judicial, jOTVdish'al, adj., pertaining to a judge or
court ; practised in, or proceeding from a court
fate, far; me, her; 1
Jungle
of justice: established by statute.adv. Judi'd-
ally. [L. judictalis.]
Judiciary, joo-dish'i-ar-i , n. thejudges taken collec
tively.-adj. pertaining to the courts of law :
passing judgment. [L. judiciarius.]
judicious, jo&-dish'us, adj., accordingto soundjudg
ment; possessing sound judgment: discreet.
n. Judi'cioumeat.adv. Judiciously.
Jug, jug, ., a basin; a large vessel with a swelling
body and narrow mouth for liquors.v.t. to bod
orstewas in ajug :-pr.p.juggung ;/a./,jugged',
[old E.jub, n jug ; A.S. ceac, basin, cup, pitcher.]
Jug, jug, v.i. to utter the sound jug, as certain
birds, esp. the nightingale, [from the sound.]
Juggle, jugl, v.i., to joke or jest; to amuse by
sleight of hand ; to conjure : to practise artifice
or imposture '.pr.p. juggling ; Pa.p. juggled.
n. a trick by sleight of hand : an imposture, [old
Fr. jonglerl*. jocular^ to jestjocus, a jest.]
Juggler, jugier, n. lit. a joker or jester; one who
performs tricks by sleight of hand ; a trickish
fellow, [old E. jogelour; Fr. jongleurL.jocu-
lator, a jester.]
Jugglery, jugier-i, n., art or tricks of a juggler;
legerdemain; trickery.
Jugular, jlTO'gu-lar, adj., Pertaining to the collar-
bone, which joins the neck and shoulders.n.
one of the large veins on either side of the neck.
[L. jugulum, the collar-bonejttngo, to join.]
Juice, joos, n. lit. broth; the sap of vegetables ; the
fluid part of animal bodies. [Fr. and h.jus.}
Julcelesi, jiSoYles, adj., destitute ofjuice.
Juicy, jOos'i, adj.,full ofjuke.n. Juic'lness.
Jujube, jro'jOOb. w. a genus of spiny shrubs or small
trees, the fruit of which is dried as a sweetmeat ;
a lozenge made of sugar and gum. [Fr.L.
zizyfhus, Gr. sizyphos, Pers. zizfun, As. sifzuf,
the jujube-tree.]
Julep, jOd'lep, Julap, jOOlap, w. lit. rose-water; a
pleasant liquid medicine in which other nauseous
medicines are taken. [Ar. julab; Pen. gul,
rose, db, water.]
Julian, jool'yan, adj. noting the old account of time
established by Julius Caesar, and used from 46
B.C. till 1753.
July, jfSo-Ii', n. the seventh month of the year, so
called from Caius Julius Caesar, who was born in
this month.
Jumble, junVbl, v.t. to mix confusedly; to throw
together without order.v.i. to be mixed to
gether confusedly : to be agitated \pr-P. jum
bling; Pa.p. jum bled.w. a confused mixture,
[old E. jombre, prob. a freq. of Jump. ]
Jumblingly, jum'bhng-li, adv., its a jumbled or
confused manner.
Jump, jump, vd. to spring upward, or forward, or
both : to bound : to pass to as by a leap.v.t. to
pass by a leap ; to skip over pr.p. jumping ;
Pa.p. jumped.n. act of jumping; a bound,
[perhaps formed from the sound.]
Junction, Juncture. See under Join.
June, jSon, n. the sixth month, orig. of 26 days,
but since Julius Caesar's time of 30. [L. Junius
for JunoniusJuno, the goddess to whom this
month was sacred: or from root of L. juvenis,
Sans, juwan, young, and so = the month of
growth.]
Jungle, jung'gl, n., forests, wastes; land covered
with thick brushwood, &Q.adj. Jun gly. [Hind.
jangal, Sans. janggaJa, desert.]
 Junior
Junior, joUn'yur, adj., younger; less advanced.n.
one younger or less advanced, [contr. of L.
juvenior, youngerjwenit, young.)
juniority, j5o-ni-oPi-ti, Janlormhlp, joani-ur-ship, n.,
state ofbeingjunior.
Juniper, jo"0'ni-per, n. an evergreen shrub, so called
because it brings forth younger berries while
the others are ripening. [L. juniperus-junior,
younger, and pario, to bring forth.]
Junk, jungle, n. a Chinese vessel, having a high
forecastle and poop, and three masts.
Junk, jungle, n. pieces of old cordage, used for
making mats, &c. and when picked to pieces
forming oakum for the seams of ships : salt meat
supplied to vessels for long voyages, so called
because it becomes as hard as old rope. [L.
juncus, a rush, of which ropes used to be made.]
Junket, junglcet, n. any sweetmeat, so called from
being handed in little baskets made of rushes :
a stolen entertainment.v.i. to feast in secret.
v.t. to feast \~pr.p. junTceting; pa.p. junltcted.
[low L. juncatajuncus.]
Jant*, Junto. See under Join.
Jupiter, jCo'pi-tdr, n., the father of heaven; the
chief god among the Romans : the largest, and,
next to Venus, the brightest of the planets,
[modification of Diovis pater = DiespiterDies
or Diovis divum, heaven, and pater, father.]
Juridical, jGB-rid'ik-al, adj., relating to the distri
bution ofjustice ; pertaining to a judge : used in
courts of law.adv. Juridically. [L. juridicus
jus, juris, law, and dico, to declare,j
Jurisconsult, jro-ris-kon'sult or suit/, one -who is
consulted on the law ; a lawyer who gives
opinions on cases put to him ; a jurist. [L. jus,
juris, law, and consultusconsulo, to consult.]
Jurisdiction, jGd-ris-dik'shun, n., the distribution of
justice; legal authority: extent of power: dis
trict over which any authority extends. adj.
Jurisdictional. [L. jurisdictio.]
jurisprudence, jCO-ris-prOO'dens, n., the science or
knowledge of law. [L. jurisprudentialjus,
juris, law, and prudentia, knowledge. See
prudence.]
Jurist, joo'nst, n.y one whoprofesses or is versed in
the science oflaw, especially the Roman or civil
law ; a civilian. [Fr. juriste.]
Jury, jflS'ri, n. a body of not less than twelve men,
selected and sworn, as prescribed by law, to
declare the truth on evidence before them : a
committee for deciding prizes at a public exhibi
tion. [Fr. juri, swornyurer, l.,jurv, to swear.]
Juror, juD'rur, Juryman, jOO'ri-man, one who
serves on ajury. [Fr. jureur.]
Jury-mast, jdo'ri-mast, n. a temporary mast erected
in a ship instead of one injured. [Injury, and
Mast.]
jury-rudder, joo'ri-rud-er, . a temporary rudder
for one injured. [Injury, and Kudder.]
Just, a tilt, same as Joust.
Just, just, adj., lawful; upright: exact; regular:
true: righteous.adv. accurately: almost ; barely.
[L. justusjus, law.]
Justice, jus'tis, quality ofbeingjust ; integrity:
impartiality: desert; retribution: a judge; a
magistrate. [Fr. ; L. justitia.]
Justiceship, jus'tis-ship, n., office or dignity of a
justice or judge.
Justiciary, jus-tish'i-ar-i, justiciar, jus-tish'i-ar, .,
r ofjustice; a chief-justice.
late, far; m, her; mine;
Keen
Justify, jus'ti-fT, v.t, to make just ; to prove or
shew to be just or right ; to vindicate \~-pr.p.
jus'tifying;/a./. justified. \\..justificojustus,
just, andfacio, to make.]
Justifiable, jus-ti-ffa-bl, adj., that may be justi
fied; defensible ; excusable./!. Justiflablenees.
adv. Justifiably.
Justification, jus-ti-fi-ka'shun, act ofjustifying;
absolution : a plea of sufficient reason for.
Justificative, ius^i-fi-ka-tiv, Justificatory, jus/d-fl-
kii-tor-i, adj., havingpower tojustify.
Jostlfier, jus'ti-fl-er, n., one whojustifies; one who
defends, or vindicates : he who pardons and
* absolves from guilt and punishment.
Justly, just'li, adv., in ajust manner ; equitably;
uprightly : accurately : by right.
Justness,just'nes, n., qualityof'beingjust; exactness.
Jostle, same as Jostle.
Jut, jut, v.i. a form of Jet, to shoot forward :
jutr/ing ; P<*.p. jutr/ed.
Jute, jOot, n. the fibre of an Indian plant used in
the manufacture of coarse bags, carpeting, &c.
Juvenile. jro've-nll, or -nil, adj., young; pertaining
or suited to youth: puerile.ns. JuArenlleness,
juvenility. [L. juvenilisjuvenis, young ; akin
to Sans, juwatt, young, and djuna, sportive.]
Juvenescent, jfJO-vcn-es'ent, adj., reaching the age
ofyouth; becoming young.. Juvenee'cence.
[L. juvencscensjuvenesco, to grow young.]
Juxtaposition, iuks-ta-pO-zish'un, ., a placing ox
beingplaced near; contiguity. [L.juxta, near,
and Position.]
Kan, kSl, Kale, kSl colewort; a cabbage. [A.S.
cal, cawl; Ice., Dan. kaal; L. caulis. See Cole,]
Kaleidoscope, ka-lfdos-kop, n. an optical instrument
in which we see an endless variety of beautiful
colours andforms. [Gr. kaios, beautiful, eidos,
form, and skefeo, to see.]
Kalendsr, Kalends, same as Calendar, Calends.
Kangaroo, kang-gar-CQ' . an Australian herbivorous
quadruped, remarkable for the length of its hind-
legs and its power of leaping, [the native name.]
Kaw, same as Caw.
Kedge, kej, n. lit. a keg or float attached to an
anchor ; a small anchor for keeping a ship steady
and for warping the ship.v.t. to move by
means of a kedge, to warp:Pr.p. kedg'ing ;
Pa.p. kedged'.n. aedg'er, a kedge. [Ice.
kaggi, a cask fixed to an anchor as a buoy.]
keg, keg, ., a small cask or barrel.
Keel, kel( n. lit. a ship at the bottom of a ship;
the principal timber in a ship extending along
the bottom and supporting the whole ; a low flat-
bottomed boat : in bot., the lowest petals of a
papilionaceous flower.v.t. or i. to plough with
a keel, to navigate ; to turn keel upwards :j*r./.
keeling; pa.p. keeled'. [A.S. ceol, a ship, a
keel, cade, the bottom of a ship ; Ger. kiel, old
Ger. chiol, Ice. kitlr.)
keelage, kcTaj, n. dues for a keel or ship in port.
keeled, keld, adj. in bot., keel-shaped; having a
prominence on the back.
keelson, kel'sun, ., a Piece oftimber along the floor
timbers of a ship directly over the keel. [Dan.
kid~l-svin; Ice. svill, a sill or beam on which
something rests.]
Keen, kn, adj. lit. powerful, daring; prompt,
mOte; mute; mCon; thtxu
 Keep
eager : sharp, having a fine edge : piercing ;
severe: acute ofmind ; penetrating.adv. keenly.
n. keen'neae.. [A.S. cene, old Sw. kyn, bold ;
Ger. k&hn, prob. fromkSnnen, tobeable.] See Can.
Keep, kep, v.t., to regard; to have the care of; to
guard : to maintain ; to have in one's service : to
remain in : to adhere to ; to practise : not to lose ;
to maintain hold upon ; to restrain from depar
ture : to preserve in a certain state.v.t. to re
main in any position or state ; to last or endure;
to adhere :-fr.P. keep'ing; pa.t. and pa.p. kept
n. that which keeps or protects ; the innermost
and strongest partofa castle, thedonjon ; astrong
hold.n. keeper. [A.S. cepan, to regard; Scot.
kept, care.]n. keej/enhlp, office of a keeper.
keeping, kepmg, n. care ; just proportion, harmony :
inpaint., due proportion of light and shade.
keepsake, kep'sak, n. something given to be kept
for the take ofthe giver.
Keg. See under Sedge.
Kelp, kelp, . lit. dust, powder; the calcined ashes
of sea-weed, used in the manufacture of glass ;
the sea-weed from which kelp is produced, [old
E. kiipe, giipA.S. gitp, dust, powder.]
Kelson, same as Keelson.
Ken, ken, v.t., to know; to see and recognise
at a distance.n. reach of knowledge or sight,
[old E. kenne, hennen.] See Can.
Kendsl-green, ken'dal-greri, ., green cloth made at
Kendal in Westmoreland*
Kennel, ken'el, a house for dogs; a pack of
hounds : the hole of a fox, &c. ; a haunt.v.t.,
to keep in a kennel.v.t. to live in a kennel :
Pr.p. kenn elling ; Pa.p. kenn'elled. [Fr. ehenil
chien, a dog ; It. caniUL. cants, a dog.]
Kennel, ken'el, n., a little canal or channel; a
gutter, [from root of Canal. J
Kennel-coal, same as eannel-coaL
Kept, past tense and Past participle of Keep.
Kerb-etone, kerb'-stdn, a form of corb-etone.
Kerchief, k&r'chif, n. orig. a square piece of cloth
worn by women to cover the head; any loose
cloth used in dress, [old E. coverchiefold Fr.
couvrexhief couvrechef-couvrir, to cover, chef,
the head.]
Kern. See Quern.
Kernel, kern'el, n. lit a grain of com; anything
in a husk or shell ; the substance in the shell of
a nut ; the seed of a pulpy fruit. [A.S. cymel,
Ger. kern, a grain.] See Corn and Grain.
kernelly, kem'el-i, adj., full of or resembling
kernels.
Kersey, ker'ri, n. a coarse woollen cloth. [Scot.
carsaye, Fr. cariset, trcscau, Sw. kersing.)
Kerseymere, ker-ri-meV or kcr', n. a twilled cloth
of the finest wools, [a corr. of Caeatmere.J
Kestrel, kes'trel, n. lit the bird which circles or
fves round in its flight ; a small species of falcon
ike the sparrow-hawk. [Fr. cresserelle, quer-
celle, prob. from L. circuluscirco, to go round.]
Ketch, kech, n. a small two-masted vessel, gener
ally used as a yacht or as a bomb-vessel. [Fr.
ouaiche, keich, akin to caic, cogue, a long boat ;
D. knag, old Sw. kogg, old E. cogge, a small
boat]
Ketchup, same as Catchup.
Kettle, ketl, n. lit. a cooking vessel; a vessel of
iron or other metal, used for heating or boiling
liquids. [A.S. cetel, Ger. kessel, Goth, katil,
fate, far ; mi, her ; mine ;
kind
L. eatilltis, for catinulus, dim. of catinus, a
deep cooking vessel.]
kettle-drum, ket/I-drum, a drum made of a metal
vessel, like a kettle, covered with parchment
Key, kS, n. lit. that which shuts or closes; an in
strument for shutting or opening a lock : in
arch. , the middle stone of an arch : a piece oC
wood let into another piece crosswise to prevent
warping: in music, one of the small levers in
musical instruments for producing notes ; the
fundamental note ofa piece ofmusic : that which
explains a mystery : a book containing answers
to exercises. &c. [A.S. carg, a key ; W. cae, an
enclosurecau, to shut : prob. akin to L. claudo,
Gr. kleid, to shut, L. clavis, Gr. klets, a key.]
key-board, kfi'-bOrd, n. the keys or levers in a piano
or organ arranged along a flat board.
key-hole, ke'-hol, ., the hole in which a hey of
a door. &c. is inserted.
key-note, ke'-nSt, n. the key or fundamental note of
a piece of music.
keystone, ki'stOn, n. the same as Key, in arch.
Khan, kawn, n. lit. afather; in N. Asia, a prince
or chief; in Persia, a governor.n, kaaa'ate, the
dominion or jurisdiction of a khan. [Turk, and
Tartar, khan, from the root of King. ]
Kick, kik, v.t., to hit with thefoot.v.i. to thrust
out the foot with violence : to shew opposi
tion '.Pr.p. kicking; pa.p. kicked'.n. a blow
with the foot. [W. ciciawetc, the foot]
Klckihaw, kik'shaw, somcthinguncommotx orfan
tastical that has no name ; in cook., a fantastical
dish. [corr. of Fr. queIcue chose, something.]
Kid, kid, ., a younggoat.v.t. or i. to bring forth,
a goat:fr.f. ludd'ing; Pa.p. kidd'ed. [Ice.
kidh, Ger. kttz, a young goat.] Sec Kitten.
killing, kidling, ., a young kid.
kidnap, kid'nap, v.t., to steal a kid or child; to
steal, as a human being '.pr.p. kidnapping ;
Pa.p. kid'napped.. kid'napper. [vulgar ktdm
a child, and vulgar nab, to steal.]
Kidney, kid'ni, n. lit. that which is near the sexual
organs; one oftwo flattened glands, on either side
of the loins, which secrete the urine, [perh. from
A.S. cynne, sexual organs, and neah, near.]
kidney-bean, kid'ni-bfin, n., a hind of bean shaped
like a kidney.
Kilderkin, kil'der-kin, n., a small barrel ; a liquid
measure of 18 gallons, [old Dutch, kindeken,
hinneken, Scot kinken.]
Kill, kil, v.t., to quell or smother; to deaden : to
put to death ; to slay :pr.p. kill'ing ; pa.p.
killed'.n. killer, [old E. quetlen, A.S. cwellan,
to quell, to kill ; Dan. quale, to smother ; Ger.
qu&len, to torment, to plague.] See Quell.
Kiln, kil, a large oven in which com, bricks,
&c. are dried; bricks piled for burning. [A.S.
cyln, W. cyl, cylyn ; Ice. kylnaf a drying-house
for com.]-v.t. klln'-dry, to dry in a kiln.
Kilt, kilt, n. lit. clothing, dress; a kind of short
petticoat worn by the Highlandmcn of Scotland,
[old Gael cealt, clothes, kilt.]
Kin, kin, offspring, persons ofthe samefamily;
relatives ; relationship ; .-ifiiuity.adj. kindred ;
of the same nature or kind ; congenial. [A.S.
cyn, Ice. kyn, family, race ; A.S. cennan, to be
get; akin tojan, to beget, root of Genoa.]
kind, kind, . , those ofkin, a race: sort or species :
nature ; style ; character : natural state ; pro
duce, as distinguished from money.adj. having
mote ; mute ; moon ; Men.
 the feelings natural for those of the same family ;
disposed to do good to others : proceeding from,
goodness ofheart.*fv. kindly.. kindness.
adj. kind'-heaxted. [A.S. cyndcyn, kin.]
aindiy, kTndli, adj. orig. belonging to the kind or
race; natural; benevolent.adv. kindly..
kindred, kindred, n. lit. state ofbeing ofthe same
family ; relatives ; relationship ://. in B.,
families.adj. related ; congenial, [old .
kinredeA.S. cynren, for cynradencyn, off
spring, raeden, condition.]
kinsfolk, kinzTok, n., folk or people kindred or
related to one another.
HI"""*", kinr'man, ., a man of the same kin or
race with another.-fern, kins'woman.
Kindle, kin'dl, v.t., to set fire to; to light: to
inflame, as the passions; to provoke; to excite
to action.v.i. to take fire ; to begin to be ex
cited ; to be roused '.fir-P. kindling; /a./,
kin'dled.n. kin'dler. [Ice. kynda, to set fire
to, kyndyll, a torch, conn, with Candle.]
King, kin, n.pl. in B., cows. [AS. cuna, genitive
of cy, pi. of cu, cow ; Scot, kye.]
Sing, king, . lit. thefather of a people ; the chief
ruler of a nation; a monarch: a card having
the picture of a king ; the most important piece
in chess.adjs. king leu, king'Uka, [A.S. cyning
cyn, offspring ; Sans, ganaka, fatherroot
gan, to beget.] See Kin.
klngcrab, king'krab, n., the chiefox largest of the
crabgenus, most common in the Molucca Islands,
kingcraft, king'kraft, n., the craft or occupation of
kings; the art of governing,
kingcup, kinglcup, n. the buttercup or upright
meadow crowfoot,
kingdom, kingMum, ., the state or attributes of a
king; the territory of a king; government:
aregion ; one of the three grand divisions of Nat.
Hist., as the animal, vegetable, or mineral,
kingfisher, king'nsh-er, n. a bird with very brilliant
or kingly plumage, which feeds on fish; the
halcyon. [golden-crested wren,
kinglet, kinglet, n., a little or petty king; the
kingly, kingli, adj., belongingox suitable to a king;
royal ; noble. adv. king ly.n. klng'llneis.
King'i Bench, kings' bensh, n. the bench or seat of
the king; the highest common-law court, so
called because the king used to sit there, called
Queen's Bench during a queen's reign,
kings-evil, kingz'--vI, n. a scrofulous disease or
evil formerly supposed to be healed by the touch
of the king.
k, &c See under Kin.
, kip'er, n. a salmon in the state of spawn
ing ; a salmon split open, seasoned, and dried.
v.t. to cure or preserve, as a salmon :Pr.p.
kippering; Pa.p. kipp'ered. [from Scotch hi/,
a name for the cartilaginous hook of the under
jaw of the male.]
Kirk, kerk, . in Scotland, a church. [A.S. dree,
cyrice. ) See Church,
Slrtle, keVU, . orig. a garment for a man or
woman; a sort of gown or outer petticoat; a
mantle. [A.S. cyrtel, Dan. kjortel; Ger. kittel,
a smock-frock, akin to kutte, a hood.]
Zias, kisj v.t., to taste or enjoy ; to salute by touch
ing with the lips ; to treat with fondness ; to touch
gently.v.i. to salute with the lips .pr.p. kiss
ing ; Pa.p. kissed'.n. a salute with the lips.
ft. kisser. [A.S. cyssan, to kiss, cost, a kiss, Ger.
fate, far ; me, her ; mine ;
kBssen, Goth, kukjan, Gr. kuned, kusd, to kiss.
Sans, kus, kuz, to embrace.]
Kit, kit, a large bottle; a small fish-tub:
that which contains travelling or working neces
saries, as of a soldier, or a mechanic. [Dutch,
kit. kitre, a hooped beer-can. ]
Dfr, kit, n. a small guitar or violin, [contracted
from obs. Cittern, or Cithern; see Guitar.]
Kit; kit, n. a contraction of Kitten.
Kit-cat, kirMcat, adj. the name of a London club
in the reign of Queen Anne, which met at the
house of Christopher Cat; a size of portraits, less
than half-length, so called from the portraits of
the Kit-cat Club painted by Sir G. Kneller.
Kitchen, kich'en, n. a room where food is cooked;
a utensil with a stove for dressing food,
[A.S. cycene, Ger. kitehe, Fr. cuisine, It.
L. coquinacoquor, to cook.]
kitchen-garden, kich'en-garMn, ., a garden where
vegetables are cultivatedfor the kitchen.
kitchen-maid, kich'en-mad, ru, a maid or servant
whose work is in the kitchen.
Kite, klt,. lit. thehoveringbird; a rapacious birdof
the hawk kind : arapaciousperson : a paper toyfor
flying in the air, so called from its flying like a
kite. [A.S. cyta; W. cud; Bret. kidelt a hawk,
from cudio, to hover.] [called from its shape.
kitefoot, kit'foot, n. avariety of the tobacco plant, so
Kitten, kit'n, ., a young cat.v.i. to bring forth
young, as a cat :pr.p. kitt'ening ; pa.p. kittened,
[dim. of Cat, akin to Ice. kjetla, to kitten, kjct-
ling, a kitten ; L. catulus, a whelp.]
KUck, klik, same as Click.
Knack, nak, n. lit a crack caused by a knock; a
little machine ; a toy ; a nice trick ; dexterity.
[Ger. ; Ir. cnog, a knock, crack.]
Knacker, nak'er, n. orig. a saddler; and harness-
maker ; a dealer in old horses and dog's meat,
[from Ice. knackr, a saddle.]
Knag, nag, ., a knot in or on wood : peg for hang
ing things on ; shoot of a deer's horn ; rugged top
of a rock or hill. [Dan.; Ger. knagge; Ir. cnag,
a crack, knock.]
knaggy, nag*i, adj., knotty; rugged.
Knap, nap, (obs.) v.t., to snap or break with a
snapping noise :/r./.knapp'ingj/a./ knapped'.
[Ger. knappen, to crack, break off; Dutch knap-
Pen, to snatch.]
Knapsack, nap'sak, ., a Provision-sack ; a case for
food, &c. borne by soldiers and travellers. [Ger.
and Dutch, knappen, to chew, and Back.]
Knave, n3v, . orig. a boy, a servant ; a false,
deceitful fellow ; a villain : one of a set of playing
cards, bearing the figure of a soldier or servant.
n. knav ery, quality of a knave ; dishonesty. [A.S.
cnapa, cnafa, Ger. knabe, knappe,* boy,a youth.]
knavish, navish, adj., like a knave; fraudulent;
villainous.adv. kaav'lsbiy.
Knead, nd, v.t. to work and press, as flour into
dough ;pr.p. knead'ing; pa.p. knead'ed.n.
knead er. [A.S. cnedun, lcc. knoda, g>iyda, Ger.
kneten, to knead. ) [ing.
kneading-trough,ned ing-truf,.,a troughjorknead-
Knee, n, n. the joint of the leg with the thigh;
anything in the shape of the knee when bent, as
a piece of timber in ship-building. [A.S. c
cneo; Ger. knie, L. genu, Gr. gonu. Sans. jAnu.\
.need, ned, adj., having knees: in bot.t having
angular joints like the knee.
mute ; mute ; mO"On ; then.
 kneel
Lneel, n"l, v.i., h bend the knee; to rest or fall on
the knee 'fir.}* kncel'ing ; fa.t. and Pa.p.
kneeled', knelt'.
Knell, ncl, n. lit. a hud noise like that of a bell;
the stroke of a bell; the sound of a bell at a
death or funeral.v.i. to sound as a knell:
pr.p. knell'ing ; pa.p. knelled'. [A.S. cnyll; Sw.
knall, loud noise ; Ice. gnell, gnoll, noil, shrill
cry ; low L. nola, a bell.]
Knew, nfl, past tense of Enow.
Knkkknaek. nik'nak, n. a trifle or toy. [a doubling
of Knack]
Knife, nlf, n., an instrument for nipping or cut
ting; a sword or dagger.//, knives, nlvz.
[A.S. cnif, Gcr. kneif, knife, kneifen} to nip.]
knift-edge, nlf-cj, n. in mech., a sharp piece of steel
like a knife's edge serving as the axis of a pen
dulum, &c.
Knight, nit, n. lit. a youth, a servant; a man at
arms; one admitted in feudal times to a certain
military rank ; the rank of gentlemen next below
baronets : a piece used in the game of chess.
v.t. to create a knight ;/r./. knighting ; Pa.p.
knTght'ed.adj. ana adv. knlght'ly. [A.S. cniht;
Ger. knecht ; Swiss, kttecht, a strong youth.J
knight-errant, nTt-er'ant, ., an errant or wandering
knight; a knight who travelled in search of
adventures.n. knight-er'rsntrr.
knighthood, nlt'hood, the character or Privilege
ofa knight ; the order or fraternity of knights.
knight-marshal, nit-marshal, n. an ofheer of the
royal household.
knight-service, nlt-scVvis, n. tenure by a knight on
condition of military service.
Knit, nit, v. t. , toform into a knot ; to tie together ;
to unite into network by needles : to cause to
grow together : to unite closely.v.i. to inter
weave with needles ; to grow together .Pr.p.
knitt'ing ; pa.t. and Pa.p. knitt'ea or knir.n.
knltt'or. [A.S. cnytanx Sw. and Ice. knyta,
low Ger. knutten, to knit.]
knitting, nit'ing, n., the work ofa knitter; union,
junction ; the network formed by knitting.
knot, not, n., that which is knit ; a union of threads,
&c. by tying ; a figure the lines of which fre
quently intersect: a bond of union; a diffi
culty; a cluster: the part of a tree where a
branch shoots out ; an epaulet : naut., a division
of the log-line, a mile.v.t. to tie in a knot ; to
unite closely.v.i. to form knots or joints ; to
knit knots for a fringe :pr.p. knotting; Pa.p.
knott'ed. [A.S. cnott ; Ger. knoten; Dan.
knude; L. nodus. \
knotty, not'i, adj. , full 0/ or containing knots ;
hard, rugged; difficult, intricate.. knottiaus.
knotleu, not les, adj., witiwut knots.
knot-grass, not'-gras, . a common weed or grass,
so -called from the joints or knots of its stem.
Knlrag, plural of Knife.
Knob, nob, . a hard protuberance; a hard swell
ing ; a round ball, {a fonn of Knop.]
knobbed, nobd, adj., containing or set with knobs.
knobbv, nob'i, adj., full of knobs; knotty.n.
knobb'lnest.
Knock, nok, v.i., to strike with a knob or with the
knuckles ; to drive or be driven against ; to strike
for admittance ; to rap.v.t. to strike; to drive
against :pr.p. knocking ; Pa.p. knocked'.*.
a stroke with some thing thick or heavy ; a rap.
[A.S. cnocian, cnucian ; Sw. knacka ; W.
cnoct'aw; Gcr. knacken, to crack or snap.]
fate, far; me", her; mine;
labial
knocker, nok'er, one who knocks; the hammer
of a door.
knock-kneed, nok'-n?d, n. , having knees that knock
or touch in walking. [Knock, and Knee, j
Knoll, nol, n., the knob or top of a hill, generally,
a round hillock ; a small elevation of earth.
[A.S. cnoll; Ger. kttollen, a knob, lump; Sw.
knot; W. cnol.)
Knop, nop, n. in B., a knob, a bud. [A.S. cnaep;
Butch, knoppe, knoop; Ger. knop/.},
Knot. See under Knit.
Knot, not, n. a wading bird much resembling a
snipe, said to be named from king Canute, with
whom it was a favourite article of food.
Knout, nowt, n. a whip used as an instrument of
punishment in Russia; punishment inflicted by
the knout [Fr.; Russ. knut ; Goth. knutd.\
Know, no, v.t. to perceive clearly ; to be informed
of; to be assured of; to be acquainted with; to
recognise : in />., to approve ; to have sexual
intercourse with :-Pr.p. IcnOw'ing ; pa.t. knew
(nO); pa.p. known (nOn). [A.S. cnawan; old Ger.
cnahen; L. gnosco ; Gr. gign&ski ; Sans. jna.\
knowing, nO'ing, adj., having knowledge ; intelli
gent ; skilful; cunning.adv. knoVlngly.
knowledge, nol'ej, ., state of knowing; assured be
lief: that which is known; information, instruc
tion ; enlightenment, learning ; practical skill.
Knuckle, nukl, n., the knobby or projecting part of
the joint of the fingers: in cook., the knee-joint
of a calf or pig.v.i. to bend the fingers; to
yield '.Pr.p. knuckling ; pa.p. knuckled. [A.S.
cnucl; Dutch, knokel; Ger. knochel, dim. of
knocken, a bone : from root of Knob.]
Koran, kO'ran, n, lit. the book; the Mohammedan
Scriptures; Alcoran. [Ar.kara, to read.]
Kraal, kral, n. a Hottentot village or hut, so named
by the Dutch settlers from the huts being
arranged like a coral, or string of beads.
Kyanise, kfan-Iz, v.t. to preserve wood by immers
ing it in a solution of corrosive sublimate '.pr.p.
ky'anlsing ;Pa.p. k/anlsed. [Kyan, the inventor. ]
Kyrie, kirt-C, n. lit. O Lord ; the first word of all
masses ; in music, a part of a mass. [Gr. kyrios.
Lord.]
Kythe, kl/A (Scotch), v.t., to skew.v.i. to shew
one's self, to appear : pr.p. kyM'ing ; pa.p.
kfthed'. [Scot.A. S. cythan, to shew.]
L
La. law or 12, int., hi look J see ! behold ! ah!
indeed 1 [A.S.]
la, la, n. a syllable used in music.
Label. l.VM. n. lit, a shred or rag; a small slip of
writing affixed to anything to denote its contents,
&c. : in law, a paper annexed to a will, as a
codicil : in her., a fillet with pendents: in arch.,
the drip-stone over a Gothic window or doorway
arch.v.t. to affix a label to:pr.p. labelling;
pa.p. UTxlled. [Fr. lambeau; old Fr. Iambi;
Ger. hppen; It. Umbo; prob. akin to L. Libcl-
lum, labrum, a lip, margin.]
Labelhua, la-bel'lum, n. lit. a little lip; in bot., the
pendulous petal of the orchis family. [L. dim. of
labium,
labial, a lip.]
la'bi-aL adj., pertaining to the lips; formed
by the lips.n. a sound formed by the lips ; a
letter representing such a sound.adv. labiatiy.
[Fr.L. labium, a lip. See Lip.]
mOte; mute; mCOn ; Men.
 labiate
labiate, UTii-at, lablated, latn-at-cd, adj. in hot.,
having lips or that which resembles them.
labiodental, la-bi-o-dental, adj. pronounced both by
the lips and teeth. [L. labium, a Hp, Dental.]
Laboratory, Laborious. See under Labour.
Labour, li'bur, . toil or exertion, esp. when fatigu
ing ; work ; pains ; duties : the pangs of child
birth : naut. , the action of a ship in a heavy sea.
v.i. to undergo labour ; to work ; to take pains ;
to be oppressed ; to move slowly : to be in travail ;
naut., to pitch and roll heavily:Pr.p. la'bouring ;
Pa.p. laboured. [Fr. labrur, L. labor.]
laboured, la'burd, adj. bearing marks oflabour or
effort in the execution.
labourer, la'bur-erj n., one who labours: one who
does work requiring little skill.
laboratory, lab'or-a-tor-i, n. lit. aplace/or labouring
or working in ; a chemist's workroom ; a place
for the manufacture of arms and war material :
a place where anything is prepared for use.
laborious, la-bo'ri-us, adj.,full of'labour; toilsome;
wearisome : devoted to labour ; industrious. adv.
labo'riously.n. labo'riousness.
Laburnum, la-bur'num, n. a small tree with beauti
ful yellow flowers, a native of the Alps. [1 ]
Labyrinth, labyrinth, n. orig. a building consisting
of halls connected by intricate Passages ; a place
full of inextricable windings : an inexplicable
difficulty: in anat., the cavities of the internal
ear. [Fr. labyrinthe ; L. labyrinthus; Gr. laby-
rinthos; akin to laura, a passage.]
labyrfnthian, lab-i-rinth'i-an, labyrinthine, lab-i-
rinth'in, adj.,pertaining to or like a labyrinth;
winding ; intricate ; perplexing.
labyrinthlform, lab-i-rinth i-form, adj. having the
form of a labyrinth ; intricate.
Lac, lak, n. in the E. Indies, 100,000 rupees = ^9370
or jCgfijfi. [Hind, lak, Sans, laksha, a hundred
thousand, a mark.]
Lac, lak, n. a resinous substance, produced on trees
in the East by the lac insect. [Pers. lak; Sans.
laktakaranj, to dye.]
lacquer, lacker, lak'er, n. a varnish made of lac and
alcohol.v. t. to cover with lacquer ; to varnish :
Pr.p. lacq'uering ; Pa.p. lacq'uered. [Fr.
laqucLac. ]
lacqnerer, lak'er-cr, n., one who varnishes or covers
with lacquer*
Lace, las, n.} a noose or tie ; a cord ; a plaited string
for fastening : an ornamental fabric of fine thread
curiously woven.v.t. to fasten with a lace : to
adorn with lace '.pr.p. Ilc/ing ; Pa.p. Uced'. [Fr.
lacer, to laceL. laqueus, a nooselaquco, to
adorn with fretwork
lacing, lasting, ; akin to with
n., a fastening root of Latch.or] cord
a lace
through eyelet-holes; a cord used in fastening.
Lacerate, las'cr-at, v.t., to fear; to rend : to wound :
to afflict '.Pr.p. lacerating; Pa.p. lac'er&ted.
[L. lacero, -aturn, to tearlacer, torn ; akin to
Sans, vrac, Gr. lakis and rakos, a rent.]
laeerable, las'er-a-bl, adj., that may be laceratedor
torn.
laceration, las-er-5'shun, n., act of lacerating or
tearing : the rent or breach made by tearing.
laceratlve, las'er-i-tiv, adj., tearing; having power
to tear.
Lachrymal, lak'ri-mal, adj., pertaining to tears;
secreting or conveying tears.n. same as lachry
matory. [L. lac/tryma, a tear; akin to Gr.
dakru, Sans, acru, a tear.]
fachrymary, lak'ri-mar-i, adj., containing tears.
fate, far; me", her; mine;
4
Lady
lachrymatory, lak'ri-ma-tor-i, n. a vessel anciently
interred with a deceased person, and said to have
contained the tears shed for his loss, [low L.
lacrymatoriumlachryma.]
lachrymose, Iak'ri-mOs, adj.,full oftears; generat
ing or shedding tears.adv. lach'rymoiely.
Lacing. See under Lace.
Lack, lak, v.t. and ., to want; to be in want ; to
be destitute of:pr.p. lack'ing ; Pa.p. lacked'.
n. want ; destitution. [Dutch, lack, laecke,
want, defect ; akin to Lax and Slack.]
Lack-a-day, lak-a-da', int., alas ! the day.
lackadaisical, lak-a-da zi-kal, adj. affectedly pensive,
sentimental.
Lacker. See lacquer under Lac.
Lackey, laid, a runner; a menial attendant; a
footman or footboy. v.t. and i. to pay servile
attendance : to act as a footman :Pr.p. lack'ey-
ing ;/./. lack'eyed ('id). [Fr. laquais; old Fr.
laquet; Ger. lackeiold Ger. Idcken, Goth.
laikan, to run.]
Laconic, la-kon'ik, Laconical, la-kon'ik-al, adj. ex
pressing in few words after the manner ofthe
L.acones or Spartans; concise ; pithy.-adv.
laconically. [L. Laconicus ; Gr. Lakdnikos
Lacdn, a Laconian.]
laconism, lak'on-izm, laconiclsm, la-kon'i-sirm,
a laconic or concise style ; a short, pithy phrase.
Lacteal, lalc'te-al, adj. , pertaining to or resembling
milk: conveying chyle.n. one of the absorbent
vessels of the intestines which convey the chyle
to the thoracic ducts. [L. lac, lactis, akin to Gr.
gala, galaktos, milk.]
lactescent, lak-teff'ent, adj., turning fo milk; pro
ducing milk or white juice ; milky.n. lactas'-
cence. [L. lactesco, to turn to milklac.]
lactic, lak'tik, adj., pertaining to milk; obtained
from sour milk or whey.
lactiferous, lak-tif'er-us, adj., bearing orproducing
milk or white juice. [L. lac, andfero, to bear.]
LacustraL la-kus'tral, Lacustrine, la-kus'trin, adj..
Pertaining to lakes, [from L. locus, a lake.]
Lad, lad, n. a boy ; a youth. [W. llawd; perhaps
from old Ger. laz, Dutch, laete, a freedman
bound to certain feudal duties. See Liege.]
lass, las, n. (fern, of Lad) a girl, esp. a country girl.
[W. llodes.]
Ladanum, lada-num, n. a resinous exudation from
the leaves of a shrub growing round the Mediter
ranean. [L. ; Gr. lidanonAx. l&datton.]
Ladder, lad'er, n. a frame made with steps placed
between two upright pieces, by which one may
ascend a building, &c. : anything by which one
ascends : a gradual rise. [Ger. ieiter, A. S.
hlader, old G*r. hleitar.]
Lade, lad, v. t. a form of Load \pr.p. lad ing ; Pa.p.
lad'ed. [Sec Load.]
laden, Ud'n, adj., laded or loaded ; oppressed.
lading, lud'ing, ., that which lades or loads; load;
cargo; freight.
Lade, lad, v.t., to let off"water ; to throw in or out,
as a fluid, with a ladle or dipper:pr.p. lud'ing;
Pa.p. laded. [A.S. la-tan, Ger. lassen, to let]
ladle, ladl, n. a large spoon for lading or dipping
out liquid from a vessel : the receptacle of a niilf-
wheel which receives the water that turns it.
Lady, la'di, n. lit. one whoservesbreadto the family ;
the mistress of a house ; a wife ; a title of the
wives of knights, and all degrees above them,
and of the daughters of earls and all higher
mote ; mQte ; moon ; Men,
 lady-bird
ranks: a title of complaisance to any woman of
refined manners. [A.S. hlaf-digehlaf, a loaf,
bread, and dugan, digan, to serve.] See Lord.
lady-bird, ladi-bird, . lit 'Our Lad?*' bug, a
genus of pretty little beetles, called also Lady-
bug, Lady-cow. [Lady, from the Virgin Mary,
and Bird, a corruption of Bog ]
Lady-chapel, la'di-chap-el, a chapel dedicated to
* Our Lady' the Virgin Mary.
Lady-day, LVdi-dl. . the 35th March, the day of
theAnnunciation of' Our Lady,' the Virgin Mary.
lady-fern, ladi-fern. n. one of the prettiest of British
ferns, so called from its lady-like elegance.
lady-like, la'di-llk, adj., like a lady in manners;
soft, delicate.
lady-love, la'di-luv, ., a lady or woman loved; a
sweetheart.
ladyship, la'di-ship, *., the title 0/a lady.
Lax, lag, adj.t slack; sluggish; coming behind.
. he who or that which comes behind ; the fag-
end.v.1. to move orwalk slowly ; to loiter:fir.p.
lagging ; Pa.p. lagged'. [Gael, lag, feeble, faint ;
WTllag, loose, sluggish ; akin to Gcr. lang, Gr.
lagaros, slack, langazd, L. langueo, to slacken.]
taggard, lag'ard, adj., lagging; slow; backward.
laggard, lag'ard, lagger, lag'er, ., one who lags or
stays behind ; a loiterer : an idler.
laggingly, laglng-li, adv., in a lagging manner.
Lagoon, Lagune, la-goTSn', . a shallow lake or pond
into which the sea flows. [It. ; Sp. lagunaL,
lacuna, from root of Lake.]
Laic, Laical See under Lay, adj.
Laid, pastParticiple of Lay.
Lain, pastparticiple of Lis.
Lair. See under Lay.
Laity. See under Lay, adj.
Lake, lak, n. a colour like lac, generally of a deep
red. [Fr. toque. Sec Lac.]
Lake, lak, ., that which is hollow; a large body
of water within land. [L. locus; akin to Gr.
lakkos, a pit, a pond.]
laky, lak'i, adj., pertaining to a lake or lakes.
Lama, an animal. Sec Llama.
Lamb, lam, n. the young of a sheep : one innocent
and gentle as a lamb: the Saviour of the world.
v.t. to bring forth young, as sheep '.Pr.p.
lambing; Pa-P- lambed'. [A.S.]
lambkin, lam kin, n., a little lamb.
lamblike, lam'lTk, adj., like a lamb; gentle.
Lambent, lanVbent, adj. moving about as if licking,
or touching lightly ; playing about ; gliding over ;
flickering. [L. lambenslambo, to lick. J
Lame, lam', adj., enfeebled; broken; disabled in
the limbs : hobbling : unsatisfactory ; imperfect.
v.t. to make lame ; to cripple : to render imper
fect '.Pr.p. laming ; Pa.p. lamed'.adv. lame ly.
*. lame'nen. [A.S. lam, lame ; Ice. lami,
broken, enfeebledlama, to break, to impair.]
lsn*f'h, lam'ish, adj., a little lame; hobbling.
Lament, la-ment', v.t. to utter grief in outcries; to
wail ; to mourn,v.t. to mourn for ; to deplore :
j>r.p. lamenting ; Pa.p. lamcnt'ed.n. sorrow
expressed in cries ; an elegy or mournful ballad.
(L. lamentor, akin to clamo, to cry out.]
lamentable, lam'ent-abl, adj., to be lamented; de
serving or expressing sorrow ; sad : despicable.
adv. lamentably.
lamentation, lam-en-t&'shun, act of lamenting;
audible expression ofgrief ; wailing: in //. (in 2?.)
a book of Jeremiah, so called from its contents.
fate, fir ; mi, her ; mine ;
Landgrave
lamentingly, la-mentlng-li, adv., with lamentation.
Lamina, lam'i-na, n. , a thin plate ; a thin layer or
coat lying overanother.pi. lamuw, lam'i-nfi. [I*]
Unusable, laml-nabl, adj., capableofbeingformed
into lamina' or thin plates.
laminar, laml-nar, adj., in lamina or thin plates ;
consisting of or resembling thin plates,
laminate, lam'i-nat, laminated, laml-nat-ed, adj..
in laminar or thin plates; consisting of scales or
layers, one overanother.. lamination, slate of
being laminate.
Lamlsh. See under Lame.
Laminae, lam'mas, ., loaf mass or feast, or feast
of first-fruits, on 1st of August ; 1st August [A.S.
hlam-messeklaf, loaf, and maesse, feast]
Lamp, lamp, n. a vessel for containing a liquid
burnt by means of a wick, and so giving light;
a light of any kind. [Fr. lampe;*Qx. lampas
lampd, to shine.]
lampblack, Iamp'blak( n. the black substance which
gathers round the inside of a lamp ; a fine soot
formed of the smoke of pitch, &c.
Lampoon, lam-pOon', ., a drinking song often
containing slander or satire ; a personal satire in
writing; low censure.v.t. to assail with personal
satire ; to satirise :pr.p. lampooning ; pa.p.
lampooned', [old Fr. tampontamper, to drink.]
lampooner, lam-p6"on'er, ., one who writes a lam-
Poon, or abuses with personal satire.
lampoonry, lam-pOOn'ri, n., practice oflampooning;
written personal abuse or satire.
Lamprey, lam'pre, n. lit. rock-sucker, a genus of car
tilaginous fishes resembling the eel, so called from
their attaching themselves to rocks or stones by
their mouths. [Fr. lamproie, low L. lampetra
L. lambo, to lick, and petra, rock.]
Lance, lans, n. a long shaft of wood, with a spear
head, and bearing a small flag.v.t. to pierce
with a lance : to open with a lancet :pr.p. lanc'-
ing ; Pa.p. lanced . [Fr.L. lancea, akin to Gr.
longchi, a lance.]
lanceolate, lan'se-o-lat, lanceolated, lan'se-o-ISt-ed,
adj. in bot., having the form of a lance-hczd ;
tapering toward both ends. [L. lanceolatus
lanceola, dim. of lancea.]
lancer, lan'ser, ., one who lances, or carries a
lance.
lancet, lan'set, n. lit. a little lance ; a surgical in
strument used for opening veins, &c. : a high
and narrow window, pointed Uke a lance. [Fr.
lancette.]
Lanch, same as Launch-
Land, land, . earth, the solid portion of the surface
of the globe: a country; a district: soil: real
estate: a nation or people.v.t. to set on land
or on shore.v.i. to come on land or on shore :
pr.p. landing ; Pa.p. land'ed. [A.S. Ety
mology uncertain.]
land-breeze, land'-brfir, n. a breeze setting from the
land towards the sea.
land-crab, land'-krab, n. a family of crabs which
live much or chiefly on land.
land-flood, land'-flud, n. a flooding or overflowing
of land by water; inundation.
land-force, land'-fors, n. a militaryforte serving on
land, as distinguished from a naval force.
LandgraTt, land'grav, n. lit. land-earl, a German
earl. [Land, and Ger. grnf earl.]us. Landgra'-
viaU, the territory of a landgrave, Land'grarlna,
land'gra-vCn, the wife of a landgrave.
mote ; mate ; mOOn ; Men. 2S5
 landholder
landholder, IandTiOld-cr, n. a holder or proprietor
of land.
landing, landing, act ofgoing on land from a
vessel : a place for getting on shore : part of a
staircase between the flights of steps.adj.
relating to the unloading of a vessel's cargo,
landlock, landlok, v.t.t to lock or enclose by land.
landlady, landlfi-di, n. a lady or woman who has
property in lands or houses : the mistress of an
inn or lodging-house,
landlord, landlord, n. the lord or owner of land or
houses : the master of an inn or lodging-house,
landman, land'man, landman, landi'man, n., a man
who lives or serves on land; one inexperienced
in seafaring.
landmark, land'mark, n. anything serving to mark
the boundaries of land; any object on land that
serves as a guide to seamen.
landrail, land'ral, n. the crake or corn-crake, so
named from its cry. See Crake. [Land, and Rail.]
landscape, land'skap, the ska/kr or appearance of
that portion ofland which the eye can at once
view ; the aspect of a country : a picture repre
senting the aspect ofa country. [Land, and Shape.]
landslip, landslip, landslide, land'slld, n.t the slip
ping or sliding down ofland as of a hill.
land-steward, land'-stu-ara, ., a steward or person
who manages a landed estate.
land-tax, land'-taks, ., a tax upon land.
land-waiter, land'-wat-er, n, a custom-house officer
who waits or attends on the landing of goods
from ships. [Land, and Walter.]
landward, landward, adv., towards the land.
Landau, lan'daw, n. a coach or carriage with a top
which may be opened and thrown back, so called
from Landau in Germany.
Lane, lan, an open space between cornfields,
hedges, &c. ; a narrow passage or road ; a narrow
street [Scot loan, Dutch, lam, W, llan, a clear
space, connected with Lawn.]
Language, lang'gwaj, n. that which is spoken by
the tongue ; human speech ; speech peculiar to a
nation ; style or expression peculiar to an indi
vidual; diction; any mannerofexpressing thought
[Fr. langageL. lingua, the tongue, akin to
lingo, Gr. teic/id, Sans, lik, to lick.]
Languid, lang'gwid, adj., slack or feeble ; flagging ;
exhausted; sluggish; spiridess.adv. languidly.
n. lan guidneee. [L. languiduslangueo, to be
weak, Gr. langazd, to slacken, conn, with Lag.]
languish, lang'gwish, v.i., to become languid or
enfeebled ; to lose strength and animation ; to be
or become spiritless; to pine : to become dull, as
trade : to look at tenderly :Pr.p. languishing ;
Pa.p. lan'guished. [L. languescolangueo.]
languishing!?, lang'gwish-ing-U, adv., in a languish-
ing, weak, dull, or tender manner.
langulahmeut, lang'gwish-ment, n., the act or state
of languishing; tenderness of look.
languor, lang'gwur. ., state of being languid or
faint ; duUiess ; listlessness ; softness.
lank, l.mgk, adj. lit faint or weak; languid or
drooping ; soft or loose ; thin.adv. lank'ly.n.
lank nets. [A.S. hlanc, Dutch, slank, Ger.
scklank, slender, connected with Leg and Black.]
Laniard, same as Lanyard.
Laulferoas, lan-if'er-us, Lanlgeroua, lan-ij'er-us, adj.,
wool-bearing. [L. lanifer, laniger--4ana, wool,
andfero, gero, to bear.]
Lank. See under Languid.
Lantern, lant ern, ., anything in which a light is
fate, fax ; me", her ; mine ;
' lardaoeous
placed: a case for carrying a light ; a dram-
shaped erection surmounting a dome to give light
and to crown the fabric : the upper square cage
which illuminates a corridor or gallery.v.t. to
furnish with a lantern :Pr.p. lanr'ernmg; P<*-P-
lant'erned. [Fr. lanteme, L. lanterna, Gr.
lamptirlamps, to give light.]
lanthorn, . a wrong spelling ofLantern, arising from
the use of horn for the sides of lanterns.
Lanyard, lan 'yard, n. lit a thong; naut, a rope
made fast to anything to secure it [Fr. laniere.}
Lap, lap, v.t. or , to lick up with the tongue :
Pr.p. lapp'ing; pa.p. lapped'. [A.S. lapian, Fr.
lapper, Gr. laptd, allied to L. lambo, Sans, lih,
to lick.]
Lap, lap, ft. the loose or overhanging flap of any
thing; the part of the clothes lying on the knees
when a person sits down ; the part of the body
thus covered; a fold.v.t. to lay over or on; to
wrap ; to involve. to be spread on or over ;
to be turned over or upon. [A.S. lappa. Ice.
lapa, to hang loose, Ger. slack, lappen,
anything hanging loose ; connected with Flap.]
lapel, la-pel', n. the part of the breast of a coat
which taps over the facing.adj. lapelled'. [dim.
of Lap.]
lepful, lap'fooT, ., as muck asfills a lap.
lapper, lap'er, . , one who laps, wraps, or folds,
lappet, lap'et , * little lap or flap.adj. lepp'eted.
[dim. of Lap.]
lapwing, lap'wing, n. the peewit a bird which
flaps its wings in a rapid and peculiar manner.
Lapidary, lap'i-dar-i, adj., pertaining to the cutting
of stones.n. a cutter of stones, especially pre
cious stones; a dealer in precious stones. [L.
lapidariuslapis, lapidis, a stone.]
lapldiet, lap'id-ist, n. same as Lapidary.
lapidescent, lap-id-es'ent, adj., becoming stone;
having the quality of turning to stone.n. lapi-
dei'cence. [I., lapidesco, to become stone.]
lapidify, la-pid'i-fi, v.t., to make into stone.v.i.
to turn into stone 'Pr.p. lapid'ifying ; pa.p.
lapid ified.n. lapidinca'tlon. [L. lapis, and
facio, to make.]
Lapper, Lappet. See under Lap.
Lapse, laps, v.i., to slip or glide ; to pass by degrees ;
to fall from virtue ; to fail in duty ; to pass to
another proprietor by the negligence ofa patron,
&c. ; to become void-v.t. to suffer to slip or
become vacant :Pr.p. lapVing ; A-/. lapsed'.
., a slipping or falling; a failing in duty; a
fault : a gliding, a passing. [L. labor, lapsus, to
slip or fall, akin to Sans, lantbh, to fail.]
Lapwing. See under Lap.
Larboard, lar'bord, ft., the left side of a ship look
ing from the stern.adj. pertaining to the lar
board side. [Dutch, laager, old . leer, left,
and bord, side.]
Larceny, Ur'sen-i, n., robbery; theft [Fr, larcin,
L. latrociniumlatro, Gr. latris, a robber.]
larcentrt, lar'sen-ist, ., one who commits larceny;
a thief.
Larch, larch, n. a cone-bearing kind of pine-tree.
[L. and Gr. larix.\
Lard, lard, n. the melted fat of swine.v. t. to
smear with lard ; to stuff with bacon or pork ; to
fatten; to mix with anything '.pr.p. lard'ing ;
Pa.p. lard'cd. [Fr. : L. laridum or lardurn, Gr.
larinos, fatlaros, sweet or dainty.]
lardaceoUB, tird-5'she^us, adj., ofor like lard.
mOte ; mute ; moon ; tken.
 larder
larder, lard'cr, n. lit a place where lard is kept; a
room or place where meat, &c, is kept
lardy, lardi, adj., containing lard; full of lard.
Large, larj, adj. lit. long; great in size ; extensive ;
bulky; wide; long; abundantadv. largely.
n. large neas.At large, without restraint or con
finement : fully. [Fr. : L. largus, Sans, dirgha,
root dargh, long.]
large-hearted, lri -hart-ed^ adj., having a large
heart or liberal disposition ; generous.
largess, larj'es, n., that which is given freely or
liberally; a present or donation. [Fr. largesse,
L. largitio, from largior, to give freelylargos.]
Lark, lark, n. lit the little singer; a well-known
singing bird.v.t. to catch larks. [Scot laverock,
lerrik, old E. teverock, A.S. laferc, Dutch,
leeuwercke, lercke, Ger. lercke, from old Ger.
Idren, to sound or sing.]
Lanun, l.ir'um, n., alarm ; a noise giving notice of
danger, [a contr. of Alarm.]
Larva, laVva, n. lit a ghost or mask ; an Insect in
its first stage after issuing from the egg, Le, in
the caterpillar state*adj. lar val [L., from tar,
laris, a household god, the bright or sbj"ing one.
Sans, las, L. luceo, to shine.]
Larynx, lar'mgks or laVingks, n. the upper part
of the windpipe; the throatadjs. laryn'gea],
laryn'gean. [Gr. larytux, laryngos.]
laryngitis, lar-in-gi'iis, ., inflammation of the
larynx.
Lascar, laslcar, n. lit. a camp-follower; a native
East Indian sailor. [Pcrs., Hind. Ioshkar, an
army, inferior soldier or camp-follower.]
Lascivious, las-siv".-us, adj. lit sportive orplayful:
lustful ; luxurious ; tending to produce lustful
emotions.adv. lasciviously.n. lasdv'louness.
[L. lascivusSans, las, to sport or play. ]
Lash, lash, n., a leash or thong; a cord; the
flexible part of a whip ; a stroke with a whip or
anything pliant : a stroke ofsatire, a sharp retort
p./. to strike with a lash; to whip; to dash
against ; to fasten or secure with a rope or cord :
to censure severely ; to scourge with sarcasm
orsatire.v. i. to use the whip ; to attack severely :
Pr.t>. lash'ing; pa.p. lashed', [a form ofLeash. J
lasher, lash'er, n., one who lashes or whips.
lashing, lashing, . a whipping with a lash ; a
chastisement : a rope for making anything fast
Lass. See under Lad.
Lassitude, las'i-tud, n.,faintness; weakness; weari
ness ; languor. [L. lassitudotassus, faint ;
akin to Languid-]
Lasso, las'sG, n. a rope with a noose for catching
wild horses, &cv.t. to catch with the lasso :
pr.p. las'soing ; pa.p. las'sOed. [Sp. and Port
lata, L. iaqueus, a noose.] See Latch.
Last, latest See under Late.
Last, last, n. lit a footstep; a wooden mould of
the foot on which boots and shoes arc made.
v.t. to fit with a last.v.t. lit to tread in one's
footsteps, to follow; to continue, to endure:
>r./. last'ing; pa.p. lasted. [A.S. last, Goth.
latst, a footstep, laistjan, to trace footsteps,
A.S. laestan, Ger. leisten, to fulfil.]
lastingly, lastlng-li, adv., in a lasting or enduring
manner.
Last, last, n. lit. a load; a weight generally esti
mated at 4000 lbs., but varying in different
articles: a ship's cargo. [A.S. hlaest, Dutch,
last. Ice. hlasshlada, to load.]
fate, far ; mc", her ; mine ;
latitudlnarlan
Latch, lach, ft, that which laces, catches, off
fastens ; a small piece of wood or iron to fasten
a door.v. t. to fasten with a latch :pr.p. latch'-
ing ; pa.p. latched'. [A.S. laeccan, to catch,
Gael, giac, catch, akin to L. Iaqueus.] See
Lace.
latchet, lach'et, n.t a lace or buckle for fastening
a shoe. [dim. of Latch.]
latch-key, lach'-ke, n. a key to raise the latch of a
door.
Late, lit, adj. (comp. lat'er ; superl. lat'ast) lit slack,
loose; behindhand; coming after the expected
time; long delayed; far advanced towards the
close ; last in any place or character : deceased ;
departed : out of office : not long pastadvs.
late lately.n. lateness, state of being late.
[A.S. last; Dutch, laat; Ice. latr, old Ger. las,
slow; Ger. lass, faint, lazy; L. lassus, tired.]
latish, laVish, adj., somewhat late.
latter, lat'er, adj., later; coming or existing after;
mentioned the last of two ; modern ; recent
adv. latterly, [an irregular comp. of Lata]
latterly, larer-li, adv., in latter time ; of late.
last, last, adj., latest ; coming after all the others;
final ; next before the present ; utmost; meanest.
adv. lastly, [a contr. of latest]
Latent, la'tent, adj., lying hid; concealed; not
visible or apparent; not making itself known by
its effects.adv. la'tently. [L. latens, pr.p. of
lateo, to He hid; akin to Gr. lanthanS, to hide.]
latency, la'ten-si, n., state ofbeing latent.
Lateral, lat'er-al, adj., belonging to the side; pro
ceeding from, or in the direction of the side.
o^p.laterally. [L.lateratislatus,latsris,a.sideJ]
Laterltloos, lat-er-ish'us, adj., like a brick; brick-
coloured. [L. lateritiuslater, lateris, a brick.}
Lata, lath, . [pi laths, Mthx) lit. the shoot of a
tree; a thin cleft slip of wood used in slating,
{Mastering, &c.v.t. to cover with laths:Pr.p.
ath'ing ; pa.p. lathed'. [Fr. ; Dutch, latte, Ger.
latte, a lath, a young shoot; W. lldth, a rod.]
Lathe, la/A, n. a machine for turning and shaping
articles of wood, metal, &c. [ 7 ]
Lather, la/A'er, ., a foam or froth made with
water and soap; froth from sweat.v.t. to
spread over with lather.v.i. to form a lather;
to become frothy '.Pr.p. lath'ering; Pa.p. lath'-
ered. [A.S. lethrian, to anoint; Ice. lodru, to
foam, lodr, foam of the sea.]
Latin, latin, adj., pertaining to Latin or to the
Latins or Romans ; written or spoken in Latin.
n. the language of the ancient Romans. [L.
Latinus, belonging to Latinm, the district in
which Rome was built.]
Latinlim, lat'in-izm, n., a Latin idiom.
Latlnist, latm-ist, n., one skilled in Latin.
Latlnity, la-tin'i-ti, n., purity of Latin style; the
Latin tongue, style, or idiom.
Latinise, lat'm-T/, v.t., togive Latin terminations to.
v.i. to use words or phrases from the Latin.
Latitude, lar/i-tud, n. lit breadth; the distance of
a place north or south from the equator : the dis
tance of a celestial body from the ecliptic : fig.
extent of signification ; freedom from restraint ;
scope. [Fr. ; L. latitudo, -inislatus, broad.)
latitudinal, lat-i-tud i-nal, adj., pertaining to lati
tude; in the direction of latitude,
latitudlnarlan, lat-1-tud i-na'ri-an, adj., possessing
latitude or freedom ; not restrained ; not confined
by precise limits ; lax in religious opinions.n.
one who is latitudinarian.n. latitudlna'rlanism.
 latitudinoua
latitudinoua, lat-i-tfldl-mis, adj., having latitude
or large extent.
Latten, lat'en, n. brass or bronze used for crosses :
sheet tin, tinned iron-plate. [Fr. laiton- It.
latta, tin-plate, from being used in flat pieces
orplatesJ\
Latter. See under Late.
Lattice, lat'is, n. a network of crossed laihs or
bars, called also latt'ice-work; anything oflattice
work, as a window.y.t. to form into open work ;
to furnish with a lattice fr.p. latticing ; Pa.p.
latticed. [Fr. lattis, akin to Lath.]
Land, lawd, v.t., to praise in words, or with sing
ing ; to celebrate :Pr.fi. laud'ing ; Pa.p. laud ed.
. laud'er. [L. laudolaus, laudis, praise,
probably akin to Gr. klud, Sans, cm, to hear.]
laudable, lawda-bl, adj., worthy of being lauded
or praised.adv. laud ably.n. laud'ableness.
laudatory, lawd'a-tor-i, adj., containing praise;
expressing praise.n. that which contains praise.
Laudanum, lawd'a-num, n. opium prepared in spirit
of wine'; tincture of opium, [orig. the same as
Ladanum.]
Laugh, laf, v.i. to make the noise shewing or caused
by mirth ; to be gay or lively.v.t. to ridicule
or deride :fir.p. laughing ; Pa.p. laughed'.n.
the sound caused by merriment.Laugh at, to
ridicule. [A.S. hlihan ; Gcr. lachen; Goth.
klahjan ; probably from the sound.]
laugher, laf'er, ., one who laughs.
laughable, laf'a-bl, adj.,fitted to cause laughter;
ludicrous.adv. laughably.n. laughableness.
laughter, laf'ter, ., act or noise oflaughing.
laughing-gas, laf'ing-g.is, n. a gas which excites
laughter, called nitrous oxide.
laughingly, lafing-li, adv., in a laughing or merry
way; with laughter.
laughing-stock, laflng-stok, n. an object of ridicule,
like something stuck up to be laughed at.
Launch, Lanch, lansh, v.t., to throw as a lance or
spear; to send forth; to cause to slide into the
water.v.i. to go forth, as a ship into the water:
to expatiate in language :Pr.p. launching ;Pa.p.
launched'.n. act of launching or moving a ship
into the water : the largest boat carried by a
man-of-war. [Fr. lancer; It. lanciare ; akin to
Lance.]
Launder, Laundry, &c. See under Lave.
Laureate. See under Laurel.
Laurel, law'rel, n. the bay-tree, used by the ancients
for making honorary wreaths. [Sp. ; Fr. laurier;
L. laurus.]
laurelled, law'reld, adj., crowned with laurel.
laureate, law're-St, v.t. orig. to crown with laurel,
in token of literary merit; to confer a degree
upon :pr.p. lau'rearing ; pa.p. Iau're5ted.
adj., crownedwith laurel.n. one crowned with
laurel : the poet-laureate or king's poet, a title
of honour.
laureateahlp, law'r-5t-ship, n., office ofa laureate.
laureatlon, law-re-5'shun, n., act of laureating or
conferring a degree.
Lava, Lavatory. See under Lave.
Lave, lav, v.t. and i., to wash; to bathe :/r./.
lav ing ; Pa.p. laved'. [Fr. laver; L. lavo,
lavaturnf akin to Gr. loud, to wash.]
lava, la'va or l&'va, . the matter whichflows like
water down from a burning mountain. [It.]
laver, li'vcr, . orig, one who laves: a large vessel
for laving or washing.
fite, far; me, her; mine;
lair
lavatory, bVa-tor-i, ., a placefor laving or wash
ing ; a place where gold is got by washing.
lavender, lav'en-der, n. an odoriferous plant, so called
from its being laid with, newly washed clothes.
[Fr. lavande^
launder, lawn'dcr, n. orig. a washerwoman; in
mining, a trough used in washing ore. [old .
lavandre; Fr. lavandiire.}
laundress, lawn'drcs, ., a washerwoman.
laundry, lawn'dri, ., a place or room where clothes
are washed and dressed.
Lavish, lavish, v.t. lit to throw out; to expend
profusely ; to waste :pr.p. lavishing ; Pa.p. lav
ished.adj., lavishing or bestowing profusely;
prodigal ; extravagant : wild ; unrestrained.adv.
lavishly, [obs. E. lave, to throw up or out; Fr.
lever, L. levo, to raise, from levis, light.]
laviihment, lav'ish-ment, laviahneat, lavish-nes,
state ofbeing lavish ; profusion; prodigality.
Law, law, n. lit. that which is laid down ; a rule of
action established by authority ; edict ofa govern
ment ; statute ; the rules ofa community or state :
a rule or principle of science or art : the whole
jurisprudence or the science of law ; established
usage ; that which rules : conformity to law ; that
which is lawful: a theoretical principle educed
from practice or observation: in theol., the
Mosaic code or the books containing it: in if.,
the word of God, the Old Testament. [A.S.
lagu, lag, lah, from lecgan, to lay ; Ice. Jag;
akin to L. lex, law, Gr. legd, to lay.]
lawful, lav/fSol, adj., according to law; legal;
constituted by law ; rightfuladv. Uw'fully.n.
law'fhlneai.
lawgiver, law'giv-cr, ., one who gives or enacts
laws ; a legislator. [Law, and giver.]
lawless, lawlcs, adj. , unrestrained by law ; illegal.
adv. lawlessly.n. lawlessness. [in law.
law-monger, law-mung'ger, w. a mongerorlow dealer
lawsuit, law'sut, n. a suit or process in law.
lawyer, law'yer, n. lit. law-man ; one versed in or
who practises law : in B., a Jewish divine or ex
pounder of the law. [Law, and A.S. wer, man.]
Lawn, lawn, ., an open space between woods > a
space of ground covered with grass, generally in
front of or around a house or mansion. [W.
llan ; Bret, llan, lan, territory ; akin to Land.]
Lawn, lawn, n. a sort of fine linen or cambric.adj.
made of lawn. [L. linum. See Linen.]
Lax, laks, adj., slack; loose: soft, flabby: not
crowded : not strict in discipline or morals : loos*
in the bowels.adv. laxly. [L. laxus, loose,
laxo, -atum, to unloose ; prob. akin to Languid.]
laxation, laks-a'shun, act ofloosening; state of
being loose or slackened.
laxative, laks'a-tiv, adj., having the power of
loosening the bowels.n. a laxative medicine.
n. lax'ativeness,
laxneu, laks'nes, laxity, Iaksl-ti, n., state or
quality ofbeing lax: want of exactness.
Lay, past tense of Lie, to lay one's self down.
Lay, 18, v.t., to cause to lie down; to place or set
down ; to beat down ; to spread on a surface : to
calm ; to appease : to wager : to bring forth ; to
impose ; to charge ; to present.vd. to produce
cggs '.#r-P- laying; Pa.t. and /<M- laid'. [A.S.
lecgan; Ice. leggia; Ger. legen; Gr. leg? ] toy
to, in Prayer-Book, to apply with vigour.
lair, Utr, n. lit. a lyingplace; the retreat of a wild
beast [A.S. leger, a lying down ; Dutch, leger,
Ger. lager, couch, lair.]
mote ; mute ; mOOn ; then.
 lea
Ictk or ley, le (obs. lay', n. land laid up in grass ;
crass-land, pasturage. [A.S. Uag. leak; Ger.
lehde; Dutch, ledig, leeg, empty, fallow.]
layer, la'er, n., that which ts /aid: a bed or
stratum : a shoot laid for propagation,
layering, li'er-ing, ft. the propagation of plants by
layers.
Lay, 13, ., a song; a lyric or narrative poem. [A.S.
Uy ; Prov. lass; Ger. lied; W. llais, a sound;
Gael, laoidh, loci, a verse, sacred poem.]
Lay, la. Laic, li'ik, Laical, la'ik-al, adj., pertaining
to the people; not clerical. [Fr. lai, L. laicus,
Gr. laihoslacs, the people.]
layman, la'man, ft., one ofthe laity ; a non-profes
sional man : a figure used by painters, usually
called a lay-figure,
laity, la'i-ti, ft., //w people as distinct from the
clergy.
Lanr, la'zar, m. one afflicted with a filthy and
pestilential disease like Lazarus, the beggar.
[Prov. later, a leper ; Sp. lazaro, a beggar ;
from Lazarus of the parable in Luke xvi.]
lazarllke, la'zar-llk, adj., like a lazar; full of
sores; leprous.
lazaret, laz'a-ret, lazaretto, laz-a-ret'to, n., a place
for lazars ; a public hospital for diseased per
sons. [Ft. lazaret; Sp. lazareto.]
lazar-house, U'zar-hous, ft., a lazaretto; a hospital
for quarantine. [Lazar, and House.]
Lazy, li'zi, adj. Ht. tired, weary ;^ disinclined to
exertion; averse to labour ; sluggish; tedious.
adv. lazily.n, la'slneu, state or quality of being
lazy. [Ger. lass; old Ger. laz, slow, late ; Dutch,
lostg, leusig; L. lassus, wearied, fatigued.]
Lea, Ley. See under Lay, to cause to lie.
Lead, led, n. a well-known metal of a bluish-white
colour : the plummet for sounding at sea : a thin
plate of lead separating lines of type.pi. a flat
roof covered with lead.v.t. to cover or fit with
lead : in printing, to separate lines with leads :
pr.p. lead'ing ; pa.p. lead'ed. [A.S. lead, Ger.
vlei, L. plumbum, Gr. molybdos.]
leaden, led n, adj., made oflead ; heavy : dull.
lead-pencil, led'-pen-si!, m. apencil or instrument
for drawing, &c. made of black lead.
Lead, led. v.t., to shew the way by going first ; to
guide by the hand : to direct : to precede : to
allure.v.t. to go before and shew the way : to
have a tendency : to exercise dominion \pr.p.
lead'ing; pa.t. and Pa.p. led.n. first place;
precedence : direction ; guidance. [A.S. laedan,
Ice. leida, to lead ; leia, track, way.]
leader, lSd'er, ft., one who leads or goes first ; a
chief: the leading editorial article( in a news
paper : principal wheel in any machinery.
leadership, lecl'cr-ship, n., state or condition of a
leader or conductor.
leading-strings, letfing-stringz, .//., strings used
to lead children when beginning to walk.
Leaf.lef, ft. {pi. leaves, levz) one ofthe thin, flat parts
ofplants: anything thin beaten like a leaf: two
pages of a book : one side of a window-shutter,
c.<v.i. to shoot out or produce leaves :pr.p.
leafing ;pa.p. leafed'. [A.S. ; Ger. laub, Dutch,
loo/, aTeaf.]
leafage, leT'Sj, ft., leaves collectively; abundance
of leaves : season of leaves or leafing,
leafless, levies, adj., destitute ofleaves.
leaflet, lef'let, ., a Utile leaf.
leafy, leTi, adj.,full ofleaves.. leafiness.
fate, far ; mi, her ; mine ;
s So.
Leasing
leaved, lvd, adj., furnished with leaves ; having
a leaf, or made with leaves or folds.
League, leg, n. orig. a stone for marking distances
on the public roads : 3 English miles.a tea-league
contains 3} Eng. miles nearly, [low L. lettca,
Fr. lieue, a measure of distances ; Gael. Icag, W.
liech, a stone.]
League, leg, ., a bond; an alliance ; union for the
firomotion of mutual interest.v.t. to form a
eague ; to unite for mutual interest :pr.p.
leag'uing ; Pa.p. leagued'. [Fr. ligue, low L.
ligaL. ligo, to bind.]
Leak, lek, ., a chink or other defect through which
liquid may pass : the oozing of any fluid through
an opening.v.i. to let any fluid into or out of a
vessel through a leak :pr.p. leak'ing ; Pa.f.
leaked'. [Dutch, leek, a chink, lekken, to drip,
akin to liquor.]
leakage, leVaj, n., a leaking; that which enters or
escapes by leaking : an allowance for leaking,
leaky, lck'i, adj., having a leak or leaks ; letting
any liquid in or out.. leak'lnesa.
Lean, len, v.i., to incline or bend; to turn from a
straight line : to rest against : to incline towards :
~Pr.p. lean'ing ; P&-P- leaned' or leant (lent).
[A.S. hlynian; Dutch, leunen; akin to Gr.
klinS, to bend.]
Lean, I5n, adj., slender; frail; wanting flesh;
not fat. flesh without fatadv. leanly..
lean'ness. [A.S. hlaene, low Ger. leen: perh.
from Lean, to incline, from want of substance.]
Leap, lCp, v.i., to move with springs or bounds ; to
spring upward or forward ; to jump : to rush with
vehemence.v.t. to move by leaping '.pr.p.
leap'ing; pa.p. leaped', rarely leapt (lept).n.
act of leaping ; bound ; space passed by leaping :
sudden transition. [A.S. hleapan; Ice. hlaupa,
to spring ; Ger. laufen, to run.]
leap-frog, lep'-frog, ft. a play in which one boy leaps
over another, like afrog.
leap-year, lp'-yer, . every fourth year which leaps
forwards or adds one day in February.
Lean, lem, v.t. lit. to teach; to acquire knowledge
of; to gain power of performing.v.i. to gain
knowledge : to improve by example :pr.p.
learning ; Pa.p. learned'. [A.S. laeran, Dutch,
leeren, to teach ; Ger. lernen, to learn.]
learned, lera'ed, adj., having learning; versed in
literature, sc. : skilfuladv. learnedly. n.
learn'edseei.
learner, lern'er, ft., one who learns; one who is
yet in the rudiments of any subject
learning, lern'ing, n., what is learned; knowledge ;
scholarship ; skill in languages or science.
Lease, les, n. a loosing or letting of tenements for
a term of years ; the/ contract for such letting :
any tenure.v.i. to let tenements for a term of
years iprj. leas'ing ; pa.p. leased'. [A.S. lesan,
to lease ; Fr. laisser, Ger. lassen, to loose ; It
lasetareL. laxo, to loose, laxus, loose.]
leasehold, lesliOld, adj., held by lease or contract
lessee, les-se"', ., one to whom a lease is granted.
lessor, les'sor, ., one who grants a lease.
Leash, l&h, ., a lash or line by which a hawk or
hound is held: a brace and a half, threev.t.
to hold by a leash; to bind:pr.p. leash'ing ;
Pa.p. leashed'. [Fr. laisse, a thong to hold a
dog by ; It lascioL. laxo. See Lash.]
Leasing, lez'ing, n. in B., falsehood; lies. [A.S.
leasungleasian, to lie, leas, false, loose, Goth.
In us, Ice. los.)
mote ; mate ; mGOn ; Men.
 Least
Least See under Lea*.
leth'tr, n. the prepared skin or covering
of an animal.adj. consisting of leather. [A.S.
lether, leather(didan, to cover.]
leathern, IcM'ern, adj., made or consisting of
Uatker.
leathery, IeM'er-i, adj., resembling leather; tough.
Leave, le"v, ., permission ; liberty granted : formal
parting of friends; farewell. [A.S. leaf Ice. loft
permissionA.S. lyfan, Ice. teyfa, to permit;
connected with Believe, Furlough.]
Leave, lev, v.t., to depart front; to abandon: to
resign : to allow to remain : to refer for decision :
to bequeath; to have remaining at death.v.i.
to desist; to cease :/r./. leaVine; pa.t. and
pa.p. left [A.S. laefan, Ice. lei/a, L. Hnquo,
Gr. leipd, to leave.]
leaving*, lev'ingz, n.pl., things left; relics : refuse.
Leaved. See under Leaf.
Leaven, lev'n, n. the ferment which makes dough
rise in a spongy form ; any mixture which makes
a general change.v.t. to raise with leaven : to
taint:Pr.p. leav'ening; Pa.p. leav'encd. [Fr.
levain-lever, L. leva, to raiselevis, light.]
Leaves, levz, plural of Leaf.
Lecher, lech'er, n. one who licks up gluttonously
anything dainty infood : a man addicted to lewd
ness. [Fr. lecher, Ger. lecken, to lick, lecher,
dainty ; L. Ugurio, to lick up what is dainty.]
lecherous, lech'er-us, adj., like a lecher; lustful :
provoking lust.-adv. Iech'erously.ns. lech'er-
ousnesa, lech'ery.
Lection, lek'shun, a reading; a variety in a
manuscript orbook : a portion of Scripture read in
divine service. [L. lectiolego, tectum, to read.]
lectionary, lek'shun-ar-i, n. the R. Catholic service-
book, containing lections or portions of Scripture.
lector, lek'tor, n., a reader; a reader of Scripture
in the ancient churches.
lecture, lek'tflr, n., a reading; a discourse on any
subject: a formal reproof.v.t. to instruct by
discourses ; to instruct authoritatively : to reprove.
v.t. to give a lecture or lectures '.Pr.p. lec
turing ;/./. lec'tured.
lecturer, lek'tur-er, n.t one who lectures; a pro
fessor who instructs by discourses : a preacher
engaged by a parish to assist its clergyman.
lectureship, lek'tur-ship, ., the office ofa lecturer.
lecturn, lectern, lek'tum, lettern, let'em, n. artading-
desk used in some churches.
Led, led, pa.t. and Pa.p. of Lead.
Ledge, lcj, n. a shelf on which articles may be laid:
that which resembles such a shelf: a ridge or
shelfof rocks : a layer : a small moulding. LA. S.
lecgan, to lay. See Lay.]
ledgy, lej'i, adj., abounding in ledges.
ledger, lej'er, n. the principal book of accounts
among merchants, in which the entries in all the
other books are laid up or entered in a summary
form.
Ledger-line. Sec Leger-Une.
Lee, le, n. tit a sheltered place; the part toward
which the wind blows.adj., as in lee-fide, the
sheltered side of a ship; lee-shore, the shore
>site to the lee-side of a ship. [A.S. hleow,
Ice. hitfa, to protect: klif, a shield,
Dutch, luw, shelter from the wind, Scot, lythe,
sheltered, and loivn, calm.]
leeward, le'ward, adj. pertaining to or in the direo
tion of the lee, or the part toward which the
wind blows.adv. toward the lee.
fate, far; mE, her; mine;
290
legible
leeway, le'wa. . the way or distance a ship is
driven to the leeward of her true course. [Lee,
and Way.]
Leech, lech, n. lit. a healer; orig. a physician;
a blood-sucking worm.v.t. to apply leeches
to 'pr.p. leech'ing ; pa.p. leeched'. [A.S. laece
laecian, to heal ; Goth, leikis, a leech
leikinon, to heal.]
Leek, lek, . a kind of onion : the national emblem
of Wales. [A.S. lea, a form of lock, lick, found
in Hemlock, Garlic]
Leer, ler, v.i., to look askance, or with the cheek
to the object ; to look archly or obliquely :r>r.p.
leering; Pa./i. leored'.n. orig. the cheek:
an oblique view : an affected aspect, [old D.
loeren, to look obliquely; A.S. hleor, face, cheek,
probably akin to Glare.]
leeringly, leVing-Ii, adv., with a leering look.
Lees, lz, rt.pl. that which lies or settles at the
bottom ; sediment ; dregs. [Fr. lieA.S. liegan,
to lie.]
Leeward, Leeway. See under Lee.
Left, past tense and pastparticiple of Leave.
Left, left, adj., the light or weaker as opposed to
the stronger, heavier right ; being on the left side.
n. the side opposite to the right, [old E. lift,
Dutch, lucht. tuft; old S. Uf weak; L. laevus,
Gr. laios, left]
left-handed, left-hand'ed, adj. having the left hand
stronger and readier than the right: awkward:
unlucky.ns. left-hand ednew, left-hand ineas,
awkwardness.
Leg, leg, m. lit a stalk or stem; one of the limbs
by which animals walk ; a long, slender support
of anything, as of a table.adj. lagged', having
legs. [Dan. lag, Sw. Idgg; Ice. leggr, a stalk.]
legging, lcg'iag, ., a coveringfor the leg.
legless, lcglcs, adj., without legs.
Legacy, leg'a-si, n., that which is left to one by
will; a bequest of personal property. [L. as if
legatia, for legatumlego, to leave by wilL]
legacy-hunter, lcg'a-si-hunt/cr, one who hunts
after legacies by courting those likely to leave
them.
legatee, leg-a-t', ., one to whom a legacy is left.
Legal le'gal, adj., pertaining to or according to
law ; lawful ; created by law.adv. le'gally.n.
legality. [L. legalislex, legis, law.]
legalise, U'gal-Iz, v.t.f to make legal or lawful ; to
authorise ; to sanction \pr.p. legalising ; pa.p.
legalised.
Legate, leg'at, n. lit. one sent with a commission ;
an ambassador, csp. from the Pope.. lee/ate-
hip, the office a*"a legate. [Fr. ligat, It legate,
L. legatuslego, to send with a commission.]
legatlne, leg'a-tTn, adj., ofor relating to a legate.
legation, lcVga'shun, n. the person or persons sent
as legates or ambassadors ; a deputation.
Sec under Legacy.
, lej'end or le*, n. orig. something^ to be read,
of the lives of saints read at matins ; a mar-
>us or romantic story from early times ; the
motto on a coat of arms, medal, or coin, [low
L. legenda, a book of chronicles of the saints
L. legendus, to be readlego, to read.]
legendary, lej'end-ar-i, ., a book of legends; one
who relates legends.adj. consisting of legends ;
romantic ; fabulous.
lej'i-bl, adj., that may be read; clear and
m5te ; mute ; mo"On ; then.
 Legerdemain
distinct ; that may be understood.adv. leg'iMy.
ns. legibleneta, legibility. [L. legibilislego.]
Legerdemain, lej-er-de-man', lightness or nimble-
ness of hand; sleight of hand; jugglery. [Fr.
tiger, light, nimble. It. leggieroL. as if levi-
ariuslevis, light, and Fr. de, of, main, L.
matins, hand.]
Leger-line, lej'er-lTn, n. in music, one of the short
lines added above or below the staff to extend its
compass. [Fr. Uger, slight, and Line.]
Legged, &c. Sec under Leg.
Legible. See under Legend.
Legion, Ig'jun, n. lit. a body of troops levied; in
ancient Rome, a body of soldiers of from three
to rive thousand ; a military force : a great num
ber. [Fr.L. legiolego, to choose, to levy.}
Legion of honour, an order of merit instituted in
France in 1 802 by Napoleon I.
legionary, lCjun-ar-i, adj., relating' to or consisting
of a legion or legions ; containing a great num
ber.n. a soldier of a legion. [L. legionarius.]
Legislate, lcjis-l5t, v.i., to bringforward, propose,
or make laws:Pr.p. legislating; j^a.p. legis
lated-n. legislation. [C lex, ugis, \kw,jerv,
latum, to bear, propose. ]
legislative, lejis-Ut-iv, adj., giving or enacting
laws ; pertaining to legislation.
legislator, lej'is-la-tor, n., one who makes laws; a
lawgiver,fern. legiala'treas.
legislature, lej'is-lSt-Qr, ., the body of men in a
state who have the power of making laws.
legist, legist, . one skilled in the laws. [Fr. legists
low L. legistaL. lex.]
legitimate, le-jiti-mlt, adj. lit. made according to-
law ; lawful ; lawfully begotten : genuine ; fairly
deduced ; following by natural sequence ; author
ised by usage.v.t. to make lawful : to give the
rights of a legitimate child to an illegitimate one :
Pr.p. legitimating
[low L.; legttimo,
pa.p. legitimated.adv.
legitimately, atumh. lex.]
legitimacy, le-jiti-ma-si, state of being legiti
mate or according to law ; lawfulness of birth ;
genuineness : regular deduction.
legitimist, le-jiti-mist, . one who supports legiti
mate authority: in France, an adherent of the
Bourbons deposed in 1830.
Legume, leg'um, Legumea, le-gu'mca, n. in bot.t a
seed-vessel which splits into two valves, having
the seeds gathered, or attached to one suture
only ; a pod, as of the pea, bean, Secpi. legu'-
mens. lega'nuna. [L.lego, to gather.]
leguminous, le-guinin-us, adj., bearing legumes as
seed-vessels; consisting of pulse.
Leisure, l'zht>3r or lczh', . lit a state ofbeingper
mitted to do something, permission ; time free
from employment; freedom from occupation.
adj. unoccupied, [old E. leisere, Fr. loisirX,.
liceo, to be permitted.]
leisurely, l*'zho"or-H, adj., done at leisure; slow;
deliberate.adv., in a leisurely manner.
Lemma, lem'a, n. lit. that which is received, an
assumption : in math., a proposition demons
trated for the purpose of being used in a subse
quent proposition. [L.Gr. limmalambanS,
to receive, assume.]
Lemming, lcming, n. a species of rat fai northern
countries, remarkable for migrating southward
in great numbers. [Norw. lemming, Sw. lemel,
Lapp, lummik.]
Lemon, lem'im, n. an oval fruit, resembling the
fate, far ; me, her ; mine ;
Leper
orange, with an acid pulp. n. the tree that
bears lemons. [Fr. UmonTurk, limun, Ar.
laimun.]
lemonade, lem-un-ad', n. a drink made of lemon-
juice, water, and sugar.
Lemur, le'mur, n. lit. a ghost; an animal in Mada
gascar, allied to the monkey, which goes about at
night, whence its name. [L. lemur, a ghost.]
Lend, lend, v.t., to givefor hire ; to give for a short
time something to be returned ; to afford or
grant, in general ; to let for hire :-Pr.p. lending ;
Pa.t. and pa.p. lent.n. lend'er. [old E. leenen,
A.S. Lmatt, lihan, Ger. leihen.]
loan, Ion, tt., that which is lent; the act of lend
ing ; permission to use ; money lent for interest.
v.t. to lend:pr.p. loaning; pa.p. loaned'.
[AS. hen, Ice. Ian, Dan. loan.)
Length, &c Sec under Long.
Lenient, ICni-ent, adj. lit. soft; mild ; mercifuln.
in med., that which softens; an emollientn.
leniency. [L. leniens, -entis, pr.p. of lento, to
soften-lents, soft]
lenitive, lenit-iv, adj., softening or mitigating : lax
ative.n. in med., an application for easing pain ;
a mild purgative.
lenity, leni-ti, ., softness; mildness; clemency.
Lens, lenz, n. lit a lentil seed: in optics, a piece of
glass or other transparent substance with one or
both sides convex, so called from its likeness to
a lentil seed; the crystalline humour of the eye.
[L. lens, lentis, the fenuL]
lenticular, len-tik'Q-lar, lenttform, lon'ti-form, adj.,
resembling a lens or lentil seed; double-convex.
adv. lentlc'ularly. [L. lenticularislenticula,
dim. of lens: L. lens, lentis, andforma, form.]
lentil, len'til, n. an annual plant, common near the
Mediterranean, bearing pulse used for food. [Fr.
leniilleL. lens, lentis, the lentil.]
Lent, lent, n. lit. the time when the days lengthen .-
a fast of forty days, observed in commemoration
of the fast of our Saviour, beginning with Ash-
Wednesday and continuing till Easter, [old E.
lenten, AS. lengten, lencten, spring, Lent
leng, longer: or from Ger. hind, mild, Dutch,
lenten, to make mild, because the severity of
winter is then relaxed.]
lenten, lent/en, adj., relating to or used in Lent ;
sparing.
Lenticular, Lentil. See under Less.
Lentlsk, len'tisk, n. lit gum-tree; the mastic-tree.
[L. lentiscuslentus, sticky.]
lentous, len'tus, adj., sticky; viscid.
Leo, le'O, n. in astr., the Lion, the fifth sign of the
zodiac. [L.]
leonine, le'o-nTn, adj., ofor like a lion.
Leonine, le'o-nTn, adj. a kind of Latin verse which
rhymes at the middle and end. [said to be
named from Leoninus, a canon in Paris in the
12th century ; or from Pope Leo II., who was a
lover of music]
Leopard, lep'ard, n., the Iwn-pard, an animal of the
cat-kind, nearly as large as a tiger, with a spotted
skin, found in all the tropical parts of the Old
World. [Gr. leopardosleSn, lion, pardos, pard ;
because supposed by the ancients to be a mongrel
between the panther and lioness.]
Leper, lep'er, n. one affected with leprosy, which
covers the skin with scales. [L., Gr. lepra,
leprosylepros, K-Hylepos, a scalelepd, to
peel off.]
mote ; mute ; mOOn ; then.
 leprosy
leprosy, lep'ro-si, n. a disease of the skin marked
by scales or scurfy scabs.
leprous, lep'rus, adj., affected with Uprosy,adv.
lep'rously.n. lep'rouness.
Lepldoptera, lep-i-dop'ter-a, n.pi. an order of insects,
with four wings covered with very fine scales
like powder, as the butterfly, moth, &c. [Gr.
Upis, tepidas, a scale, ptera, pi. ofptervn, awing.]
leptdoptend, lep-i-dop'ter-al, lepldopteroiis, lep-i-dop-
ter-us, adj., pertaining to the lepidoptera.
Leporine, lep'o-rTn, adj., pertaining to or resem
bling the hare. [L. UporinusUpus, Uporis,
the hare.]
Lsproiy, &c. See under Leper.
Lesion, le'zhun, ., a hurt: in med., an injury or
wound. [Fr.L. UesioLedo, lasum, to hurt.]
Lees, les{ adj. (comp. of Little), lit. loose, relaxed,
diminished ; smaller.adv. not so much ; in a
lower degree.n. a smaller portion: in B., the
inferior or younger. [A.S. la's, Itessa; old K.
lash, W. llaes, slack, loose ; Fr. lasche, slack,
weak ; It. lasso, L. lassus, weak, faint, akin to
laxus, slack, loose.]
lessen, les'n, v.t., to make less, in any sense; to
weaken; to degrade.v.t. to become less :
Pr.p. less'ening; pa.p. lessened.
lesser, Ics'er, adj. in B., less; smaller; inferior.
[A.S. Uesru, Uesre, primitive form of Lrssa.\
least, lest, adj. (superl. of Little), little beyond all
others; smallest.adv. in the smallest or lowest
degree. [A.S. test, superl. of lytel.]
lest, lest, conj., that the less; that not; for fear
that, [old . leste, least, A.S. last, leastly.]
Lessee. See under Lease.
Leuon, les'n, n. a portion ofScripture read in divine
service : that which a pupil learns at a time : a
precept or doctrine inculcated ; instruction de
rived from experience : severe lecture. [Fr. Upon
L. UctioUgo, to gather, to read. Sec Lection.]
Lessor. See under Lease.
Lest. See under Leu.
Let, let, v.t., to slacken or loose restraint upon; to
give leave or power to ; to allow, permit, suffer ;
to grant to a tenant or hirer: in B., to cause to
slacken or give over, that is, to prevent ; to
hinder :pr.p. letting ; pa.t. and Pa.p. let.n.
in Utw, hinderance ; obstruction ; delay. [A S.
laetan, to permit, lettan, to hinderleet, Ice.
latr, slow, orig. slack : Gcr. lassen, Fr. laisser,
to let, permit.] Sec Less.
Lethal, lg'thal, adj., death-dealing, blotting out;
deadly ; mortal. [L. lethalisUthum, Utum,
death ; akin to leo, simple form of deUo, to blot
out, or to Sans. //, to melt, dissolve.]
lethiferous, IS-thifer-us, adj., carrying death;
deadly. [L. lethiferUthum,fero, to bear.]
Lethargic, Lethargy. Sec under Lethe.
Lethe, 16'the, . in myth., one of the rivers of hell
said to causeforgetfulness of the past to all who
drank of its waters : oblivion. [Gr.UtkS, old
form of lanthand, to forget.]
lethean, le-the'an, adj., 0/Lethe ; oblivious.
lethargy, leth'ar-ji, n. lit.forgetful laziness ; heavy
unnatural slumber ; dulness. [L., Gr. Ifthargia
litharges, forgetfullithi, forgetfulness, and
argos, icllea. priv., ergon, work.]
lethargic, le-tharjik, lethargical, le-tharMik-al, adj.,
pertainingto lethargy; unnaturally sleepy ; dull.
adv. lethar gically. [L. Ictliargicus, Gr. Ictliar-
fikos.]
fete, far ; m, her ; mine ;
Levigate
Lethiferous. See under Lethal.
Letter, let cr, n. lit. a mark smeared or put on ; a
mark to express one of the simple sounds: a
written or printed message : literal meaning ; a
printing-type://, learning.v.t. to stamp let
ters upon '.pr.p. lettering : Pa.p. lettered.n.
lett'erer. [old E., Fr. Uttre, It. UtteraL. litem
lino, litum, to smear.]
lett'er-of-cred'lt, ., a letter authorising credit or
cash to a certain sum to be paid to the bearer.
lett'er-of-marque (mark), n. a commission given to a
private ship by a government to make reprisals
on the vessels of another state ; a vessel sailing
under such a commission. See marque.lett ers-
pa'tent, a writing conferring a patent or
authorising a person to enjoy some privilege.
lettered, letf^ni,adj.,markedwithletters; educated;
versed in literature ; belonging to learning.
letter-founder, let'er-found'er, ., one whofounds or
casts letters or types.
lettering, let'er-ing, w. the act of impressing letters:
the letters impressed.
letter-pren, lcrer-pres, Utters impressed or
matter printed from type, as distinguished from
engraving.
Lettuce, let'is, n. a plant containing a milky white
juice, the leaves of which are used as a salad,
[old Fr. laictue, L. lactucalac, milk.]
Levant, leVvant', n, the point where the sun rises ;
the East; the coasts of the Mediterranean east
of Italy.adj. lev'ant or Ie'vant, eastern. [Fr.
UvantUver, L. Uvare, to raise.]
Levantine, le-vant'ln, adj., belonging to the Levant
Levanter, 16-vant'er, n. a strong easterly wind in the
Levant or eastern part of the Mediterranean.
levee, lc/6, n. lit. a rising; a morning assembly
of visitors ; an assembly received by a sovereign
or other great personage. Fr. leveeUver.]
Level, lev'el, n. a horizontal line or surface ; a surface
without inequalities: proper position ; usual ele
vation ; state of equality : the line of direction :
an instrument for shewing the horizontal.adj.
horizontal ; even, smooth ; even with anything
else ; in the same line or plane : equal in position
or dignity.v.t. to make horizontal ; to make
flat or smooth ; to make equal : to take aim :
pr.p. levelling ; pa.p. le/elled. [A.S. laefel.
It. livella, L. libetla, a plummet, from libra,
a level, a balance.]
leveller, lev'el-er, n one who leveU or makes equal.
levelness, lev'el-nes, ., state of being Uvel, even,
or equal.
Lever, iS'ver, n., that which lifts or raises; a bar
of metal or other substance turning on a support
called the fulcrum or prop, for raising weights.
[Fr. UvierUver, L. Uvo, to raise.]
leverage, lVer-aj, n. the mechanical poiver gained
by the use of the Uver.
Leveret, lev'er-et, a young hare; a hare in its
first year. [Fr. levruut, dim, of liivre, 1*.
Upus, Uporis, a hare. ]
Leviable. See under Levy.
Leviathan, le-vfa-than, n. lit an animal bent or
twisted in curves: mB., a huge aquatic animal,
generally supposed to be the crocodile : anything
of huge size. [Heb. livydthdnl'v'yaA, a
wreath, Ar. lawa', to bend or twist.]
Levigate, lev'i-gat, v.t., to make smooth; to grind
to a fine, impalpable powder :pr.p. levigating :
Pa.p. levigated.. levlga'tion. [L. Uvigo, lezii-
gatumUvis, Gr. Uios, smooth, akin to Level. |
mOte ; mute ; mGOn ; Men.
 Levite
Levite, l'vTt, ,, a descendant ofLevi; an inferior
priest of the ancient Jewish Church.adj's. Le-
vit'lc, Levit'ical.adi . Lerit'lcally. [Heb. Levi,
a son of Jacob, whose descendants were priests.]
Levlticni, lc-vit'i-kus, n. the name of one of the
books of the Old Testament, so called from its
containing the laws, &c. relating to the Levites.
Levity, leVit-i, n., lightness of weight : lightness of
temper or conduct ; thoughtlessness ; disposition
to trifle; vanity. [L. levitas/bit, light.]
Levy, lev's, v.t., to raise; to collect by authority,
as an army oratax:Pr.fi. levying; Pa.p. levied.
n. the act ofcollecting by authority: the troops
so collected. [Fr. lever, L. levo, to make light
or raiselevis, light.]
leviable, IcVi-a-bl, adj., able to be levied or assessed
and collected.
Lewd, lfld or loud, adj. lit. belonging to ike People,
as opposed to the educated clergy; ignorant,
vicious, or bad, so in B. ; lustful ; licentious ; un
chaste ; debauched.adv. lewd'ly.n. lewd'ness.
[A. S. leewedelead, the people. Sec laity under
Lay-]
Lexicon, leksl-kon, n.t a word-book or dictionary.
adj. lexical belonging to a lexicon. [Gr. lexi-
konlexis, a wordlegd, to speak.]
lexicography, leks-i-kog'ra-fi, the art pfwriting
a dictionary.adjs. lexicographic, lexicograph
ical. [Gr. lexikon, and grafifo, to write.]
lexicographer, leks-i-kog'ra-fer, n., one skilled in
lexicography or the art of compiling dictionaries.
lexlgraphy, leks-ig'ra-fi, ., the art of defining
words.adj. lexigraph'lc.
lexicology, leks-i-kol'o-ji, the science of words;
that branch of philology which treats of the
proper signification and use ofwords. [Gr. lexis,
ana logos, a discourse or treatise.]
lexicologist, lcks-i-kol'o-jist, n., one skilled in
lexicology.
Ley, IS, same as Lea.
Liable, llV!,], adj., able to be bound or obliged;
responsible; tending; subject; exposed. [Fr.
lier, L. ligarej to bind.]
liability, jT-a-bil'i-ti, n., slate of being liable or
responsible.
Liar. See under Lie.
Liaj, lfas, n. in geol., a formation of argillaceous
limestone, &c underlying the oolitic system, [a
corr. of Layers.]adj. Hassle, ll-as'ik, pertaining
to the lias formation.
Libation, ll-bfi'shun, n. , the Pouringforth wine or
other liquid in honour of a deity ; the liquid
poured. [L. libatiolibo, Gr. Idle, to pour.]
Libel, irbel, m. lit. a little book; a written accusa
tion ; any malicious defamatory publication : in
law, the statement of a plaintiffs grounds of
complaint against a defendantv.t. to defame
by a libel ; to satirise unfairly ; in law, to proceed
against by producing a written complaint :Pr.p.
labelling ; pa p. H'belled. [L. libellus, dim. of
liber, a book.]
libeller, ll'bcl-er, n.t one who defames by libels.
Ubellooi, Ifbel-us, adj., containing a libel; de-
famatory.adv. lloellously.
Liberal, lib'er-al, adj. lit. belonging or suitable to a
free-bom man ; becoming a gentleman : gener
ous ; noble-minded : candid ; free : free from
restraint : general, extensive.n. one who advo
cates greater freedom in political institutions.
adv. Ub/eraUy. [L. liberalisliber, free, doing
fate, far ; me", her ; mine ;
lich-wake
as one pleaseslibeo, lubeo, to please, akin to
Gr. eleutheros, free, Sans, lubh, to desire.]
liberalism, lib'er-al-izm, n., the principles of a
liberal in politics.
liberality, lib-er-al'i-ti, the quality of being
liberal; generosity; largeness or nobleness ot
mind ; candour ; impartiality.
liberalise, lib'er-al-Tz, v.t., to make liberal, or en
lightened ; to enlarge '.pr.p. liberalising ; pa.p.
liberalised.
liberate, lib'er-St, v.t., to set free; to release from
restraint, confinement, or bondage :pr.p. liber
ating ; Pa.p. liberated.n. libera tlon. [L. libera,
liberaturn.]
liberator, lib'er-5t-or, n., one who liberates or frees.
libertine, lib'er-tin, or -tin, n. lit. afreedman ; for
merly, one who professed free opinions, especi
ally in religion ; one who leads a licentious life, a
rake or debauchee.adj. belonging to a freed
man; unrestrained; licentious. [L. libertinus.]
libertinism, lib'er-tin-izm, n.: the conduct ofa liber
tine ; licentiousness of opinion or practice ; lewd
ness or debauchery.
liberty, lib'er-ti, n., the state of beingfree; free
dom to do as onepleases ; freedom from restraint ;
the unrestrained enjoyment of natural rights ;
privilege ; exemption ; leave; relaxation of re
straint ; die bounds within which certain privi
leges are enjoyed ; freedom of speech or action
beyond ordinary civility. [L. libertas.]
libidinous, li-bid'in-us, adj., like a libertine ; fullof
desire; lustful ; given to the indulgence of the
animal passions.adv. llbid inously.n. libid in-
onmen. [L. libidinosuslibido, desirelubeo.]
Library, Ifbrar-i, n. a building or room containing a
collection of books; a collection of books. [L.
librariumliber, a book.]
librarian, ll-bra'ri-an, . orig. a transcriber ofbooks,
a scribe; the keeper of a library.. librarian-
ship. [L. librarius.]
Librate, llTjrut, v.t. lit to make level or even; to
balance.v.t, to move, as a balance ; tobe poised :
pr.p. lttirating ; pa.p. U'bratcd.n. libra tion.
the act of balancing or state of being balanced ; a
state ofequipoise. [L. libra, libratumlibra, a
level, a balance.] See under LeveL
libratory, lltira-tor-i, adj. moving like a balance.
Lice, lis, plural of Loom.
License, Licence, ll'sens, n.,a being allowed; leave :
grant of permission ; the document by which
authority is conferred ; excess or abuse of free
dom.v.t. to grant license to; to authorise or
permit \~~pr.p. licensing ; pa.p. licensed. [Fr. ;
L. licentialiceo, to be allowed.]
licenser, ll'sens-er, n., one who grants license or
permission ; one authorised to license.
licentiate, lT-sen'shi-ut, n., one who has a license or
grant of permission to exercise a profession.
licentious, ll-sen'shi-us, adj., full of license; in
dulging in excessive freedom ; given to the in
dulgence ofthe animal passions; dissolute.adv.
llcen'tiouly.n. licentiousness. [L. ticentiosus.]
Lichen, lfken or lichen, n. a plant that licks up
moisture on rocks and the bark of trees : an
eruption on the skin. [L., Gr. leichen, from
leichd, Sans, lih, to lick.] See Uek.
Lich-gate, lich'-g5t, .a churchyardgate with a porch
to rest the corpse under, [obs. E. lich, A.S. lie,
Ger. leirfie, Goth, leik, a corpse, and Gate.)
llch-wake, lich'-wak, . the wake or watch held over
a dead body. [obs. E. lick, and Wake.]
mute ; mate ; mOon ; then.
SQ3
 Lick lights
tick, lick, v.t.t to fiass the tongue over; to take in life-guard, llf-gard, ., a guard ofthe life or per
by the tongue ; to lap '.fir.p. Uck'ing ; pa.fi. son ; a guard of a prince or other dignitary.
licked'.. lick'er. [A.S. liccian; Ger. lecken; Ufehold, lifhold, . land held\y lease for life.
L. lingo ; Gr. leichd ; Sans. /**.] See ~ life-insurance, llf-in-shuur-uns, n. a contract by
which a sum of money is insured to be paid at
Llctor, Uk'tor, n. lit. one who summons ; an officer lifeless, the close of a person's life. [Life, and Insurance. ]
who attended the Roman magistrates, with the out vigour lifles, adj., haz'ing lost life; dead : with
ensigns of office. [L.obs. iiceo, to summon.] ; insipid ; sluggish.adv. lifelessly.
n. life
Lid, lid, n.t a cover; that which shuts a vessel ; lifelong, llf'long, leuness.
the cover of the eye, [A.S., Ice. hlid; Dutch, liferent, llf'rent, n.adj. during the length of a life.
a rent that continues for life.
lid; old Ger. hlit; akin to L. claudo, Gr. kUid, Lift, lift, v. t. to bring to a higher position ; to ele
to shut in.] vate ; to elate ; to take and carry away ; to
Lie, It, n. lit. vain, idle talk; anything meant to remove
deceive ; an intentional violation of truth ; any lifting ; by stealing.!/./, to try to raise '.~fir.fi.
thing that misleads.v.i.to utterfalsehood with ing; thatfia.fi. lifted, in B., lift. act oflift
which is to be raised: that which
an intention to deceive ; to make a false repre assists to lift.w. lift er. [A.S. hlifian; low Ger.
sentation '.fir.fi. tying ; fia.fi. lied'. [A.S. luften, lichtenlucht, Goth, lupus, old E. lift.
leogan, Goth, liugan, Ger. l:'igcn, to lie ; A.S. lu/7, the sky, air : or akin to Fr. lever, I.. levo,
lyge, a falsehood ; Gael, leog, idle talk.] to lift, or make light]
liar, lrar, one who lies or utters falsehood,
lying, ll'ing, adj., addicted to telling lies.. the ligament, hVa-ment, ., anything that binds or
habit of telling lies.adv. ly'ingly. unites ; a bandage : in anal., the membrane con
lit, ll, v.i., to lay one's selfdawn ; to rest length ligo, necting the movable bones. [L. ligamentum
wise ; to lean ; to rest ; to press upon ; to be ligaments!, Ugatum, to bind.]
situated ; to abide ; to consist : in law, to be adj., comfiosing lig-a-ment'al, ligamentous, lig-a-ment'us,
sustainable \fir.p. ly'ing : fia.t. lay : fia.fi. lain, ligation. li-ga'shun,or resembling a ligament.
act of binding: state of
ini?., li'en.w.ller. [A.S. licgan; Otx.liegen; being bound,
Goth, ligan ; Ice. liggiat L. ugor, Gr. legomai, ligature, lig'a-tur, anything that binds; aUgn-
akin to I*y.]
Lief, lef, adj. in poetry, loved, dear.adv. lov ment ; a bandage : in music, a line- connecting
ingly ; willingly. [A.S. leaf Ger. lied, loved ; notes a cord
: in firint., a type of two letters ; in med.,
for tying the blood-vessels, &c
akin to Love.]
Liege, lej, adj. bound by a feudal tenure ; subject ; agent byn.,which
Light, lit, that which shines or is brilliant; the
faithful : sovereign or having lieges.n. one power of vision ; objects are rendered visible ; the
day ; dawn of day : that which
bound by feudal tenure ; a vassal : a lord or
superior or one who has lieges. [Fr. lige, from gives lightg as the sun, a candle : the illuminated
low L. litus, ltdus, ledus, a man between a free part of a picture : fig. mental or spiritual ill
man and a serf, bound to the soil, and owing nation life ;
; enlightenment ; knowledge : public v
point of view ; a conspicuous
certain services to his lord, a Latinised form of aperture for admitting light: in /'., prosperity,
Ger. lasse, Dutch, laete, whence perhaps Ltd.]
Lien, Ir'en orlS'en, n. lit a tie, band; in law, a right favour.adj. not dark; bright; whitish.v.t.
in one to retain the property of another to pay a a light :fir.fi.to light/ing
to give light ; to set fire to ; to attend with
claim. [Fr. lien ; L. ligamen, from ligo, to bind.] lighted.- light er. [A.S.; fia.t. and fia.fi. lit or
leoht, lyht Ger. licht,
Lien, li'en, in B. , fia.fi. of Lie, to He down. W. Hug, Goth, liuh.ith. L. lux, light ; akin to
Lleth, lfeth, in B. , 3d pers. sing, of Lie, to lie down. Sans. Li;, loch, to see, to shine, ruch, to shine.]
Lien, Id, n., place, stead. [Fr.L. locus, place.] light-house, lIr/-hous, n. a tower or house with a
*' ' * lef-t( ' ' n. an officer housing the light at the top to guide mariners at night.
f-ten'ant,
place ofanother in his absence ; a commissioned lighten, llr/n, v.t., to make light or clear: fig. to
officer in the army next below a captain, or in illuminate with knowledge : in />'., to free from
the navy next below a commander.Uewten'ant- trouble.v.i. to shine bite lightning ; to flash ;
geaeral, an officer in the army next in rank below to become less dark :fir.fi. lightening ; fia.fi.
a general. [Fr., from lieu, and tenant, holding lightning, llght'ened.
tenir, to hold.] lit ning, n. lit that which lightens; the
lieutenancy, lef-ten'an-si, n., office or commission of electric flash usually followed by thunder.
a lieutenant; the body of lieutenants. lightning-rod, llt'ning-rod, ft. a metallic rod for pro
Lite, llf, n., state of living; animate existence; tecting buildings from lightning.
union of soul and body : the period of life ; Light, lit, adj. not heavy ; having little weight :
present state of existence : manner of living ; easily lifted : easily suffered orperformed ; easily
moral conduct : animation : a living being : digested : not heavily armed ; active ; not heavily
system of animal nature : social state ; human burdened : unimportant : not dense or copious :
affairs : narrative of a life ; eternal happiness, gentle ; easily influenced ; gay, lively ; amusing :
also He who bestows it ; a quickening principle unchaste : not of legal weight : loose, sandy : in
in a moral sense.//, lives, llvz. [A.S., Ice., B., idle, worthless.adv. light ly, cheaply : in B.,
and Sw. lif; Dutch, liif, body, life ; Ger. leoen, easily, carelessly.n. lightness, in B., levity,
to live.] See Live. fickleness. [A.S. leoht, leht; Ger. leicht; Ice.
Ufe-saearance, Hf-a-shOor-ans, same as life-lneunuice. lettr; L. levis; Gr. elachus; akin to Sans, laghu,
life-boat, llf'-bOt, . a boat for saving lives in cases light ; prob. conn, with Light, that which shines,
of shipwreck, &c. and Lift]
Ufa-estate, lif'es-tut, . an estate held during the lights, llts, h. the lungs of animals, so called from
life of the possessor. their light weight.
fate, far; me, her; mine; mOtc ; mute; mOOn; then.
=94
 light-fingered Limp
light-fingered, llt'-fing-gerd, adj. lit. light or active Lilac See under Lily.
infingering: thievish,
light-headed, llt/-hed-ed, adj., with the head tight or Lily, Mi, n. a bulbous plant, with showy and
dizzy ; thoughtless ; unsteady. [Light, and Head.] fragrant flowers. [A.S. iiiie, Fr. lis, L. iilium,
Gr. leirion, lily.]
light-hearted, llt'-hart-ed, adj., light or merry of lilac, lflak, n. a pretty flowering shrub, said to be
heart; free from grief or anxiety: cheerful so called because its scent is hke that of the lily.
adv. l:rht -heart edly. H. light-heart edness. liliaceous, lil-i-a'she-us, adj'., pertaining to lilies,
light-hone, llrZ-hors, n., tight-armedcavalry.
light-infantry, llt'-in-fant-ri, n., infantry tightly lilied,
Limb,
lil'id, adj., adorned with lilies.
Hm, n. lit. that which belongs to something ;
or not heavily armed,
light-minded, llt'-mlnd-ed, ad/, having a light or abranch jointed part in animals : a projecting part ; a
unsteady mind; not considerate, of a tree.v.t. to supply with limbs : to
lightsome, llr'sum, adj., tight, gay, lively, cheering. [A.S.tear off the limbs :pr.p. limb'ing \pa.p. limbed'.
n. light somenesa. Urn; limpait, to belong.]
HghUn, llt'n, v.t., to make lighter or less heavy: Limb, Urn, n. an edge or border, as of the sun,
to alleviate ; to cheer :Pr.p, llghr/ening ; pa.p. &c. : the edge of a sextant, &c. [L. limbus.]
lightened. Umbo, lim'bo, Umbos, lim'bus, n. in the creed of the
lighter, iTt'er, n. a large open boat used in light R. Cath. Church, a place on the borders of hell,
ening or unloading and loading ships.;/. light er- in which the souls of the pious who died before
mon. the time of Christ await his coming, and where
lighterage, llt'er-uj, n. price paid for unloading the souls of unbaptised infants remain : a place
ships by lighters: the act of thus unloading. of confinement.
Light, lit, v.i. (followed by on, upon) to stoop from Limber, lim'ber, n. the part of a gun-carriage con
sisting of two wheels and a shaft to which the
flight ; to settle ; to rest ; to come to by chance : horses
(fol. by dawn, from) to descend, to alight : are attached.v.t. to attach to the lim
pr.p. llght'ing ; pa.p. lighted, lit. [A.S. lihtan ; bers, as a gun. [':)
akin to Light, not heavy, which see.] [upon.
llghfen upon, v.i. in Fr. Bk., to alight or descend Lime, Ilm, n. any slimy orgluey material; birdlime:
the white caustic earth from limestone, and used
Llgn-aloes, lln-al'oz, Ligmalo, lig-nal'Oz, n. in B., for cement.v.t. to cover with lime : to cement :
aloes-wood. [L. lignum, wood, and Aloes.] to manure with lime : to ensnare :pf-P- llm'ing ;
ligneous, lig'ni-us, adj., wooden; woody; made of Pa.p. limed'. [A.S.Urnan, to glue ; Ger. leim,
wood. [L. ligneuslignum, wood.] glue ; L. limus, slime ; Sans. It, to be viscous.]
Ugnileroui, lig-ruf'er-us, adj.,producing wood. [L. limons, llm'us, adj. , gluey; slimy; muddy.
lignum, wood, andfero, to bear.] limy, llm'i, adj., glutinous; sticky; containing,
lignify, lig'ni-fl, v.t., to turn into wood.v.i. to resembling, or having the qualities oflime.
become wood or woody :pr.p. lig'nifying ; lime-kiln, llm'-kil, n. a kiln or furnace in which
Pa.p. lig'nifled.n. llgnlflca'tion. [Fr. lignifier limestone is burnt to lime.
L. lignum, wood, andfacio, to make.] limestone, llm'stCn, ., stone from which lime is
llgnlne, lig nin, n. pure woodyfibre. procured by burning.
lignite, hg'nTt, n. coal retaining the texture of lime-tree, llm'-trf, n. the linden-tree, common in
wood.adj. Ugnlt'lc. Europe, with heart-shaped leaves and panicles of
yellowish flowers, so called from the glutinous
Ugnle, lig'Ol, n. lit. a little tongue: in hot., the flat juice
part of the leaf of a grass ; a strap-shaped petal lime-twig,of llm'-twig,
the young shoots.
. a twig smeared with bird-
[lime.
in certain flowers. [L. ligula, dim. of lingua, a
tongue.] [Gr. tigurion.} Lime, llm, k. a kind of citron or lemon tree and its
Lignrc, lfgflr or lig'ur, n. in B., a precious stone. fruitlim'it, [Fr. See Lemon.]
Like, Ilk, adj. equal in quantity, quality, or degree ; Limit,between
n. lit. a cross Path; a boundary
two fields ; boundary ; utmost extent :
similar; likely.n. the like thing or person ; an restriction.v.t. to confine within bounds: to
exact resemblance : a liking.adv. in the same restrain :Pr.p. lim'iting ; Pa.p. limited. [ L.
manner ; probably. [A. S. termination lie, in limes, limttis-limus, transverse.]
gelic, Hke, Goth, leiks, in galeiks, alike, L. lis, limitable, limlt-abl, adj., that may be limited,
in talis, such, Gr. likos, in tilikos} such.] bounded, or restrained.
likely, llkii, adj., like the thing required ; credible ; limitation, Hm-it-a'shun, n.t the act of limiting,
probable ; having reason to expect.adv. prob bounding, or restraining : the state of being
ably.ns. UkeHness, likelihood. limited, bounded, or restrained ; restriction.
likeness, lik'nes, n., quality of being like; resem limited, hm'it-cd, adj., within limits; narrow;
blance : one who resembles another : that which restricted.adv. lim'ltedly.n, lim'ltedness.
resembles ; a portrait or picture ; effigy.
likewise. llkVlz, adv., in like wise or manner; limitless. less ;
lim'it-les, adj., having no limits; bound
immense ; infinite.
also: moreover; too. [Like, and Wise.]
liken, llk'n, v.t. to represent as like or similar ; to Limn, lim, v.t. orig. to illuminate with ornamental
letters, &c. ; to draw or paint, esp. in water-
compare 'Pr.p. llk'ening; Pa.p. llk'ened. colours '.pr.p. lim'ning ; Pa.p. limned', [contr. of
Like. Ilk, v.t., to be pleased with; to approve : to Fr. eninminer, low 1- iliumino, from root of
enjoy: (obs.) to please '.pr.p. lTk'ing; Pa.p. Luminary.]
liked'. [A.S. gelician; old Ger. lichen; Goto. limner, Hm'ner, one who limns or paints on
leikan ; Ice. Itka, to be to one's taste.] paper or parchment ; a portrait-painter.
likely, Ilkli, adj., that may be liked; pleasing.
liking, llk'ing, n., state of being pleased with i in Limons. See under Lime.
clination ; satis/action in : in B., condition, plight. Limp, limp, adj. vapid, weak (obs.) : wanting
adj. in as in good-liking, well-liking, in stiffness, flexible. [W. llibin, tleipr, flaccid,
good condition. drooping; Ice. limpiaz, to become slack.)
fate, far; meaner; mine; mote; xuute; mCUn; thca.
295
 Limp liquid
limp, limp, v.L, to halt; to walk lamely '.pr.p. lingering, ling'ger-ing, adj. , lengthened out in time ;
limping ; p<*'$- limped'.n. act of limping ; a protracted.n. a remaining long.
halt. [A.S. limp-heall, lame ; old Gcr. limphen, Linget, ling'get, Lingot, ling'got, n. same as Ingot.
.to limp ; connected with Sans, lamb, to fall.] [Fr. lingot, from root of Ingot.]
limpingly, limp'ing-li, adv., in a limping manner. Lingual, ling'gwal, adj. , pertaining to the tongue*
Limpet, lim'pet, n. a small shell-fish, which clings n. a letter pronounced mainly by the tongue, as
to bare rocks. [L. : Gr. UpasGr. Upas, a bare /.adv. lingually. [from L. lingua, the tongue.]
rockUpS, to peel.] linguist, Iing/gwist, ., one skilled in tongues or
Limpid, limpid, adj., eUar; shining ; transparent ; languages.
pure.us. limpidity, lim'pidnass. [L. limpidus, linguistics, ling-gwisrlks, n.sing. the science of
a form of liquidus. See liquid. ] languages and words.
Limy. See under Lime. linguistic, ling-gwistlk, linguistlcal, Iuig-gwistlk-al,
Llnch-pin, Hnsh'-pin, n. a pin used to keep the llnguadentaLadj., pertaining to linguistics.
wheel of a carriage on the axU-trce, [A.S. ling-gwa-dcn'tal, adj. uttered by the
lynis, Dutch, lunse, the axle-treeold Ger. lun, joint n. a
action of the tongue and teeth, as d and /.
sound thus produced. [L. lingua, the
peg, bolt, and Pin.] tongue, and Dental]
Linden, lin'den, n. the lime-tree. [A.S., Sw., Ice. Liniment, linl-ment, n., smearing-stuff, akind ofsoft
lind, Gcr. Unde, old Ger. linta.] ointment [L. linimentumlino, to besmear.]
Line, lin, ., a thread of linen or flax; a slender Lining. See under Line and Linen.
cord: in math., that which has length without Link, lingk, n. something bent so as to form a joint ;
breadth or thickness : an extended stroke : a
straight row : a cord extended to direct any a ring of a chain : anything connecting : a single
operations : outline : a row ; a rank : a verse : a part of a series.v.t. to connect as by a link :
trench : limit : method : the equator : lineage : to join in confederacy : to unite in a series.v.u
direction : occupation : the regular infantry of to be connected :Pr.p. linking ; Pa.p. linked'.
an army : the twelfth part of an inch. [L. tinea [Ger. geUnkUnken, to bend,]
linum, flax.] Link, lingk, n. a light or torch of pitch and tow.
line, lin, v.t. to mark out with lines ; to cover with [prob. from Dutch, lompe, a gunner's match of
lines : to place along by the side of for guarding; tow ; allied to L. lychnus, Gr. lychnos, light]
to strengthen by additional works or men \pr7p. Llnnasan, Ilnnaan, lin-nel'an, adj., pertaining to
lining ; Pa.p. lined'.
lineage, lin'e-aj, n. descendants in a line from a Linnaeus, the celebrated Swedish botanist (1707
78), or to his system.
common progenitor ; race ; family.
lineal, lin'C-al, adj., of or belonging to a line; Lint. See underLinsey-woolsey.
Linnet, Linseed,
Linen.
See under Linen.
composed of lines : in the direction of a line : Lintel, lin'til, n., that which binds orfastens; the
descended in a direct line from an ancestor. connecting timber over a doorway ; the head
adv. lineally. piece of a door or casement. (Sp.old L. Iimen-
lineament, lin'e-a-ment, n. lit a line; feature: dis turn, for limen, the headpiece of a doorligo, to
tinguishing mark in the form.
linear, lin'5-ar, adj., of or behnging to a line; bind.)
consisting ofor having the form oflines ; straight. Lion, Ifun, ft. a large and fierce quadruped, remark
adv. Un'eaxly. able for its roar : in astr., Leo, a sign of the
lineation, lin-e-a'shun, same as delineation. zodiac ; any object of interest.fern, li oness.
[L. leo, Gr. Udn: A.S. Uo, Ger. ISwe.]
liner, lln'er, n. a vessel belonging to a regular line lion-hearted,
or series of packets. lfun-hart-ed, adj. having the heart or
lining, lining, n., act of drawing lines upon, or of courage of a lion,
marking with lines. lionise, Ifun-Iz, v.t., to treat as a lion or object of
Linen, lin'en, n. cloth made of lint orflax; under interest iPr.p. lfonlsing ; Pa.p. ll'onlsed.
clothing, particularly that made of linen.adj. Lip, Hp, n. the muscular border in front of the teeth
made offlax ; resembling linen cloth. [A, S. linet, by which things are taken into the mouth: the
Ice. lin, Gcr. Ut'n, L. latum, Gr. linen, flax.] edge of anything. [A.S. lippe, L. labium, akin
line, lin, v.t. to cover on the inside with linen or to L. lambo, . lap, expressive of the sound of
other material ; to cover '.pr.p. lining ; Pa.p. lapping.]
iTncd'.n. lin ing. lipped, lipt, adj., having lips ; having a raised or
linnet, lin'et, n. a small singing bird so called from rounded edge like the hp.
feeding on the seed offlax. [A.S. linetwige; Liquation, U-kwa'shun, n., the act ofmaking liquid
Fr. linot.] [seed.
linseed, lin'sCd, lintseed, lint'sed, lint or flax- or melting; the capacity of being melted. [L.
Uquo, liquatum, to make liquid, to melt.]
linseed-cake, lin'sed-kak, n. the cake remaining when liquefy, Uk'wc'-fT, v.t., to make liquid; to dissolve.
the oil is pressed out of lint orflax-seed. v.C to become liquid '.pr.p. Hq'uefying : pa.p.
Unaeed-oU, Iin'sed-oil, ., oil fromflax-seed. liq'ueTled. [L. liquefaeioliqueo, to be fluid or
linsey-woolsey, lin'se-wOul-sc, adj. made of linen liquid, andfaeio, to make.]
and wool mixed : mean ; ofunsuitable parts.n. liquefaction, hk-wfi-fak'shun, . the act or process of
a thin coarse stuff of linen and wool mixed. making liquid; the state of being melted,
lint, lint, n.,flax; linen scraped into a soft woolly liquescent, li-kwes'ent, adj., becoming liquid ; melt
substance to lay on wounds. ing.m. Hques'cency. [L. liquescensends, pr.p.
Ling, ling, . a fish resembling the cod, so called of liquesco, to become liquidliqueo.}
from its Unglhened form. [A.S. lang, long.] liqueur, lik-er', ., a liquid; a flavoured spirit ; st
linger, ling'ger, v. i. to remain long in any state : to cordial. [Fr.]
loiter : to hesitate '.Pr.p. lingering ; pa.p. ling liquid, lik'wid, adj.,flowing; fluid : soft ; smooth :
ered'. [A.S. langian, to protractlang, long.] clear,n. a flowing substance: a lefter of m.
fate, far; me, her; mine; mote; mute; mS5n ; t/tta.
 liquidate Liturgy
smooth flowing sound, as / and r, in pla, pra. Litharge, lith'arj, n. lit. stone-silver; the vitrified
ns. liquidity, liquldnau. [L. liquidustiqueo.] lead separated from silver in the process of
liquidate, lik'wi-dat, v.t. lit. to make liquid; to refining. [Fr. ; Gr. lithargyroslithos, a stone,
pay : to diminish : to settle ipr.p. liquidating ; and argyrvs, silver. ]
Pa.p. liquidated.
liquidation, lik-wi-da'shun, the act of liquidat Lithe, It/'':, adj., able to use the limbs well; soft ;
easily bent, flexible.. lithe'ness. [AS. lithe
ing; the act of settling and adjusting debts.
liquidator, kk-wi-dut'or, ., he w/u? or that which lenis, asoft,
lith, Umb ; Ger. lind, Ice. linr, akin to L.
tender.]
liquidates or settles and adjusts. lithesome, ll/A'sum, adj., lithe, supple, nimble..
liquor, lik'ur, ., anything liquid; strong drink. lithe somencss.
Liquorice, Hk'ur-is, . a plant with a sweet root Lithograph, lith'o-graf, v.t., to write or engrave
which is used for medicinal purposes. [Gr. giy- on stone and transfer to paper by printing :
kyrrhizaglykys, sweet, and rhisa, root.] pr.p. lith'ographing ; Pa.p. lith'ographed.ft. a
Lisp, lisp, v.i. to speak with the tongue against the print from stone. [Gr. lithos, a stone, and
upper teeth or gums, as in pronouncing th for s graphs, to write.]
or 2: to articulate as a child ; to utter feebly or lithographer, lith-og'ra-fer, n., one who practises
imperfectly.v.t. to pronounce with a lisp : the art of lithography.
Pr.p. lisp'ing ; Pa.p. lisped'. [A.S. 7vlisp, Dutch, lithographic, fith-o-graf'ik, lithographlcai, lith-o-
lispen; from the sound.] graf'ik-al, adj., belonging to lithography.adv.
lisping, lisp'ing, adj\,pronouncing with a lisp.. llthograph'lcaUy.
the act of speaking with a lisp.adv. Hip ingly. lithography, lith-og'raf-i, ., the art of writing or
engraving on stone and printing therefrom.
List, list, ., a stripe or border of cloth ; a row or Uthology,
line; a catalogue or roll.v.t. to sew together, which treats lith-ol'o-ji, . the department of geology
as strips of cloth ; to form a border to ; to cover rocks. [Gr. lithos, of the constitution and structure of
with list or strips of cloth : to place in a list or adj. lltholog'ical., a stone, and logos, discourse.}
catalogue : to engage for the public service, as Uthology. lithol'oglit, one skilled in
soldiers :Pr.p. list'ing ; pa,p. lisfed. [A.S. list, lithophyte, Hth'o-fTt, n. an animal production appar
Fr. lists, It. lista, Ger. leiste, old Ger. lista, ently both stone and plant, as coral. [Gr. lithos,
stripe, border.] stone, and Phyton, a plantphyd, to grow.]
List, list, n. lit. a girdle ; a line enclosing a piece lithotomy,
of ground, esp. for combat :pi. lists, the ground forstonelith-ot'o-mi, n. the operation of cutting
in the bladder. [Gr. lithos, a stone, and
enclosed for a contest.To enter the lists, to toml, a cuttingtemnd, to cut.]. lithot'omist,
engage in contest. [Fr. lice. It. lizza, liccia one who practises lithotomy.
L. licia, plural of liciunt, a girdle.]
List, list, v.i., to havepleasure in ; to desire ; to like contest in law.v.i. to carry
Litigate, kYi-gat, v.t., to on a strife; to
carry on a lawsuit :
orplease ; to choose. [A.S. lystan, Dutch, lyste, Pr.p. litigating ; Pa.p. lit'igated.. Utiga'tlon.
to desire, A.S., Ice. lyst, Ger. lust, pleasure.] [L. Utigo. -atutnlis, litis, a strife, agof to do. ]
listless, Hst'les, adj., having no desire or wish; litlgable,
careless ; uninterested ; weary, indolent,adv. litigant, lit'i-gant, adj., contendingat law litigated.
hVi-gabl, adj., capable ofbeing
; engaged
listlessly.//. listleasaese. in a lawsuit,n. a person engaged in a lawsuit.
list, list, v.t. or 1. dim. of Listen. litigious, li-tij'yus, adj. , fond of strife ; conten
listen, lis'n, v.t., to hear or attend to.v.i\, to tious ; inclined to engage in lawsuits ; subject to
give ear or hearken ; to follow advice '.pr.p. contcniion.adv. Utig'lously.n. litlg'iousnen.
Tis'tening ; pa.p. lis'tened. [A.S. hlistan, Ice. Iitotes, hYo-lcr, or If, rt. in rhet., a softening of a
hlusta, L. duo, Gr. klu3, to hearIce. hlust, statement for simplicity and sometimes for
W. dust, an car.] emphasis. [Gr. litotes, simplicitylitos, plain.]
listener, lis'n-er, n., one who listens or hearkens. litter, Ht'er, n. a confused mass ofarticlesgathered
Ut,pa.p. ofLight, to lighten, and Light, to alight and laid down at random ; any scattered collec
Litany, lit'a-ni, n., a Praying; a form of suppli tion of objects, esp. of little value ; a heap of
cation in public worship. [L. litania, Gr. lilansia astraw, &c. for animals to lie upon ; materials for
bed : a vehicle containing a bed for carrying
litaneud, to prayliti, a prayer.] about: a brood of small quadrupeds.v.t. to
Literal, hYer-al, adj., belonging to or consisting of scatter carelessly about ; to cover or supply witli
letters ; according to the letter ; plain ; not litter : to give birth to (said of small animals).
figurative or metaphorical ; following the letter v.i. to produce a litter
or exact meaning, word for word.adv. literally. ing ; Pa.p. Utt'ered. (Fr.orlitiire, brood :Pr.p. litr/er-
. lit eralnesa. [L. literalislitera, a letter.] L. ledus, a bedlego, to gather,lowtoL.lay.] lectana
literary, UYer-ar-i, adj., belonging to letters or Little, liti, adj. (comp. Ian; super!, least}, small
learning; pertaining to men of letters ; derived in quantity or extent ; contemptible ; weak,
from learning ; skilled in learning ; consisting of inconsiderable; poor; brief.n. that which is
written or printed compositions. (L. literanus.) small in quantity or extent ; a small space.adv.
literate, lit'er-St, adj., furnished with letters or in a small quantity or degree; not much..
learning; learned.n. one educated but not
having taken a university degree. (L. literalus.] littleness, [old E. and Scot, lite, A.S. lytsl.
Ice. litill, old Ger. luzil, Goth, leittls.]
literati, Tit-er-a'tT, n. , tnen ofletters, the learned. Littoral Ut'or-al, adj., belonging to the sea-shore.
literature, hYer-a-tur, n., the science of letters ax
language ; learning ; the whole body of literary Liturgy, [L. litlus, -oris, the shore.]
productions ; all literary productions except those established litur-ji, ., apublic service or worship ; the
relating to positive science and art, usually con ritual of a church.adjs. litur'sic,
fined however to the belles-lettres or works of litur'gical. [Gr. leitourgiateitos, publiclaos,
taste and sentiment. [L. tileratum.] the people, and ergfl, to work, do.]
fate, far; me, her; mine; mote ; mute ; moon; then. 297
 liturgies location
liturgies, li-tur'jiks, n., the doctrine or theory of as much as can be carried at once ; freight or
liturgies.
litargist, lit'ur-jist, H., one who adheres to or has a cargo ; a measure : any large quantity borne ; a
quantity sustained with difficulty ; that which
knowledge of liturgies. burdens or grieves ; a weight or encumbrance.
Uti, 11v, v.t., to have life ; to continue in life ; to [A.S. hladan, to load.]
be exempt from death ; to last ; to subsist ; to leaden, lod'n, old Pa.f. of Load,
enjoy life, to be in a state of happiness; to be loading, lod'ing, ., the act ofloading or lading; a
nourished or supported : to dwell.-v.t. to spend ; charge, cargo, or lading.
to act in conformity to :4>r.p. hVing ; /a./.
lived'.n. uVer. [A.S. lyboan, leofan, Dutch, Load-star, Lode-star, lod'-star, the star t/iat
leven, Ger. leiben, allied to leib, the body.] It-ads or guides ; the pole-star. [Lead, A. S.
laedanlad, a way, and
live, llv, adj., having life; alive, not dead: loadstone, lode-stone, lOd'-stfln, ., a stone or ore of Star.]
active ; containing fire ; Durning ; vivid. iron that leads or attracts other pieces of iron.
livelihood,livelong,
livelong, llv'U-hood,
adj. ,n.,that
means
livesoforliving; support. [prob.
lasts long. a corr. of Lydian Stone, with the notion
lively, llv^i, adj., having or slaving life ; vigorous, Loaf, leading
of afterwards added. Sec Magnet.]
active ; sprightly ; spirited ; strong ; vivid.adv. mass ofn. sugar;
lOf, a regularly shaped mass of bread ; a
any lump;//, loaves (lOvz).
vivaciously, vigorously.n. llve'llnesa.
live stock, lir-stok, living stock; the animals [A.S. to L.
klaf, Ger. laib, Goth, hlaifs, prob. akin
libum, a cake.]
employed or reared on a farm.
living, hv'ing, adj., having life; active, lively; loaf-sugar, loT-shoog-ar, n. refined sugar in the form
of a loafor cone.
producing action or vigour; running or flowing. Loam, 10m, n. a muddy soil, ofclay, sand, and animal
. means of subsistence ; a property ; the bene and vegetable matter.v.t. to cover with loam :
fice of a clergyman.the living, those alive.
Liver, liver, n. the largest gland in the body, limus, mudroot; Pa.p.
Pr.p. lOam'ing lOamed'. [A.S. lam, L.
li, soft, loose.] See Lime,
lying immediately beneath the diaphragm, and loamy, lOm'i, adj., consistingofor
which secretes the bile. [A.S. lifer, Ger. leber, Loan, lGn, n. See under Lend. resembling loam.
Ice. lifur, prob. from Ger. leberen. Ice. Ufras, to
clot, from its likeness to a mass ofclotted blood.] Loath, 10th, adj. lit. hateful; disliking; reluctant,
liver-colour, hVer-kul-cr, adj., of the colour of the unwilling.adv. loathly.. loath ness. [A.S.
liver; dark-red. lath, Ger. leid.]
liver-grown. bVer-grOn, adj., having a swelled or loathe, lOM, v.t., to hale or feel disgust at: to
overgrown liver. dislike greatly .pr.p. loathing; pa.p. loathed'.
Livery, hVer-i, n. lit. a delivery or settingfree; I A.S. lathia*.}
the formal delivery ofpossessions ; that which is loathing, loM'ing, ., extreme hate or disgust;
delivered statedly, esp. clothes or food : the uni abhorrence.adj. hating-adv. loath'ingly.
form [delivered to and) worn by servants ; a dress loathful, lO/A'fool, adj., full of loathing, hate, or
peculiar to certain persons or things : the being abhorrence ; exciting loathing or disgust,
kept and fed at a certain rate, as horses at livery : loathsome, lO^'sum, adj., exciting loathing or
the whole body of liverymen in London. [Fr. abhorrence ; detestable.adv. loathsomely.n.
livrielivrer,\,. libero, to deliver. See Deliver.] loath'someness.
liveried, liv'cr-id, adj., having or wearing a livery. Loaves, lOvz, n.,pl. ofLoaf.
liveryman, uVer-i-man, ., a man who wears a Lobate. Sec under Lobe.
livery ; a freeman of the city of London entitled
to wear the livery and enjoy other privileges of Lobby, lob'i, *. lit. a place shaded with leaves or
foliage ; a small hall or waiting-room ; a pass
his company.
lively-stable, hv'er-i-sta-bl, n., a stable where horses lobbia, laubia,oneGer.
age between or more apartments, [low L.
laube, a portico, arbour
are kept at livery. laub, foliage. See Lodge.]
Livid, liVid, adj., black and blue : of a lead colour ; Lobe, lob, ., the lowerpart ofthe ear: in anat.,
discoloured.. uVidnesa. [L. lividusUvea, a division of the lungs, brain, &c. : in bot. . a
to be of a lead colour, or black and blue.] division of a leaf. [Fr. ; It. lobo; Gr. lobes,
Living. See under Lire. from lefd, to peel ; probably akin to Lap, fold.]
Lizard, liz'ard, n. a genus of four-footed scaly lobate, lobTit, lobed, lObd', adj., having or consist
reptiles with legs like arms. [Fr. lizard, It. ing of lobes.
lucerta, L. lacerta, prob. from lacertus, the arm.] lobelet, lob'lct, lobule, lob'Ql, a small lobe.
Llama, la'ma or la'ma, n. a small species of camel Lobster, lob'ster, n. a shell-fish with large claws,
peculiar to South America. [Peruvian.]
Lloyd's, loidz, n. a part of the London Royal aused for food. [A.S. loppestre, lo/ystre; prob.
Exchange frequented by ship-owners, under Local,corruption of L. locusta, a lobster.]
lo'kal, adj., of or belonging to a place;
writers, &c. to obtain shipping intelligence, and confined to a spot or district.adv. locally.
transact marine insurance, so called from their [ l;r. ; L. localis, from locus, a place.]
orig. meeting in Lloyd's Coffee-house. localise, loTtal-Iz, v.t., to make local; to put into a
Lo, 13, int., look; see; behold. [AS. lalocian, place :pr.p. localising; pa.p. localised.at.
to look, a contraction of Look, imperative.] locallsa'tlon.
Loach, Loche, loch, n. a small river fish, [Fr. loche, locality, 10-kaTi-ti, n., condition of being local;
Sp. loja.] existence in a place ; position ; district.
Load, lod, v.t., to lade or burden; to put on as locate,
much as can be carried : to heap on ; to put on ticular position; to designate theto set
lo-kat' or lolcit, v.t., toplace; in a par
place of:
overmuch ; to confer or give in great abund pr.p. lflcat'ing; pa.p. lOcat/ed.
ance : to charge, as a gun :-/r./. load'ing ; pa.p- location, lO-ka'shun, n., act oflocating or placing ;
load'ed, (obs.) load'en.n. a lading or burden ; situation : in law, a leasing on rent.
fate, far ; me", her ; mine ; mOte ; mate ; moon ; then.
 locative Loiter
locative, IOlca-tiv, adj. in gram., indicatingplace. or in a hired room; one who stays in any place
Loch, lok, ., a lake or arm of the sea (Scot.) lodging, for a time.
[Gael, loch, W. llwc, Ir. laugh, A.S. lug, Ice. temporary loj'ing, aplacefor lodging or dwelling ;
Sw. Ay, L. locus, . Lake.] habitation ; a room or rooms hired in
Lock, lok, ., anything that shuts in; a place lodgment, loj ofthe house another (often in pi.) ; harbour.
'ment, n., act of lodging, or state of
shut in ; an instrument to fasten doors, &c. ; an being lodged ; accumulation of something that
enclosure in a canal for raising or lowering boats ;
the part of a firearm by which it is discharged ; remains at rest ; mil., the occupation of a posi
a grapple in wrestling ; a state of being irnmov- up to maintain it party, and the works thrown
tion by a besieging
e ; any narrow confined place.v.t., to fasten
with a lack; to fasten so as to impede motion ; to Loft, space loft, . lit that which is lifted up ; the room
shut up ; to close fast ; to embrace closely ; to aorhall immediately under a roof; a gallery in
furnish with locks ; to seize the sword arm of an loft; or church : in B. , an upper room. [Dan.
antagonist.v.t. tobecome fast ; to unite closely : air ; akin Ice. lopt, the sky or air; A.S. lyft, the
pr.p. locking; Pa.p. locked'. [A.S. lac, a lofty, loft!, adj., to Lift]
lock, locan} to lock ; Ice. loka, to shut, a bolt.] lifted up; airy; high in position,
lockage, lok'aj, n., the locks of a canal ; the differ character, sentiment, or diction ; nigh; stately;
ence in their levels, the materials used for them, haughty.adv. loftily.n, lort'ineae.
and the tolls paid for passing through them. Log, log, ft. a Hebrew liquid measure = J or f of a
locker, lok'er, n. any closed place that locks. pint [Heb., a basinlug, to be hollow.]
locket, lok'ct, ., a small lock; a little gold case Log, log, m. lit. that which is unwieldy or heavy ;
worn as an ornament. a bulky piece of wood ; naut., a piece of wood,
lock Jaw, lok'-jaw, locked Jaw, lokt'-jaw, *. a con with a line, for measuring the speed of a ship.
traction of the muscles of the jaw by which it [Dutch, log, heavy, unwieldy.]
is locked or firmly closed. [Lock, and Jaw.] log-board, log'-bord, log-book, log'-book, ns. naut.,
lock-keeper, lok'-kep-cr, . one who keeps or attends a board and book on which the ^-reckoning is
the locks of.a canal. kept.
locksmith, lok'smith, n. a smith who makes and log-cabin, log'-cab-in, log-house, log'-hous, log-hat,
mends locks. logMiut, ns. a cabin, house, or hut built of logs.
lock-stitch, lok'-stich, n. a stitch formed by the log-line, logMln, n. the line fastened to the log, and
locking of two threads together. marked for finding the speed of a vessel.
lock-up, lok'-up, n. a place for locking up or confin log-reel, log'-rel, ., a reel (or the log-One
ing persons for a short time. logwood, log/wood, n. a red, heavy wood much
used in dyeing. [Log, and Wood.]
Lock, lok, n. lit. titat which may beplucked; a tuft loggerhead,
or ringlet of hair ; a flock of wool, &c. (..VS. log; a dunce log'er-hed, ft., one with a head like a
loce, Ice. lockr, Ger. lock*, a lock, A.S. lycean, in a whale-boat, : naut., a round piece of timber,
old Gcr. liechen, to pluck.] over which the line is passed :
Lockram, lok'ram, n. a kind of coarse linen, so called a species of sea-turtle. [Log, and Head.}
from Locronan, in Brctagne, where it is made. Logarithm, log'a-rithm, n. lit. the number of the
Locomotive, lo-ko-mO'tiv or lo', adj., movingfrom ratios: (of a number) the exponent of the power
to which a given number must be raised to
place to place ; capable of or assisting in loco produce
motion. a locomotive machine ; a railway arithmos,that number. [Gr. logos, ratio, and
number.]
engine.n. locomotlvlty. [Fr. iocomotifLt. logarithmic, log-a-rith'mik, logarlthmlcal, log-a-rith'-
locus, a place, and moveo, moturn, to move.] mik-al, adj., pertaining to or consisting of loga~
locomotion, lG-ko-mfl'shun, *., act or power of rithms.adv. logarithmically.
movingfromplace toplace.
locos, lukus, place: in math., the line traced Loggerhead. See under Log.
by a point which varies its position according to Logic, loj'ik, the science and art of reasoning
a certain law. [L.]
loctUoos, lok'u-lus, adj. in tot., divided internally correctly ; the science of the necessary laws of
thought. [Gr. logiki, from logos, speech, reason.]
into cells. [L. loculus, a cell, dim. of locus.] logical loj'ik-al, adj., pertaining to logic ; accord
Locust, lo'kust, . a migratory winged insect, in ing to the rules of logic ; skilled in logic ; dis
shape like the grasshopper, highly destructive criminating.adv. logically.
to vegetation : a name of several plants and logician, lo-j'ish'an, ., one skilled in logic.
trees. [L. locusta.} logistic, lo-jis'tik, logtottcaLlo-jis'tik-al, adj. lit. skilled
Lode, led, ft. in mining, a course or vein containing in calculating: in math., made on the scale of
metallic ore. [A.S. UUl, a courseItedan, to lead.] sixty. [Gr. hgistikoslogisomai, to calculate
Lode-star, Lodo-stone. See Load-star, Load-stone. logography, logos, a number.]
Lodge, loj, v.t. to place or lay up as in a bower; to word; a method lo-gog/ra-fi, . lit. the writing of a
infix, to settle ; to furnish with a temporary dwell- cast in a single type. of printing with whole words
ing ; to drive to covert ; to lay flat, as grain. word, and graphs, to write.] [Gr. logographialogos,
v.t. to reside ; to rest ; to dwell for a time (in ., logomachy, lo-gom'a-ki, ru, contention about words
to pass the night) ; to lie flat, as grain \~pr.p. or in words merely. [Gr. logomackialogos,
lodging ; P&-P- lodged'.., a place where one word, and tnache, fight]
may lodge ; a small house in a park (in B., a hut) ; Loin, loin, n. prob. lit. a strip or narrow band;
the cottage of a gatekeeper ; a den ; a cave : a
secret association, also the place ofmeeting. [A.S. the back of a beast cut for food : in //., the reins,
or the lower part of the back. [Fr. lombes, the
logian, Fr. loger, lu alloggiare, to lodge ; akin loins, longe, loin, thong; L. lumbus, loin.]
to low L. laubia, Ger. laube, bower.] Sec Loiter, loi'ter, v.i. lit. to be loose or unsettled; to
Lobby. delay; to be slow in moving; to linger %pr.p.
lodger, loj'er, ., one who lodges or lives at board
fate, far ; m, her ; mine ; mOte ; mQte ; mGOn ; Men.
209
 Loll Loot
lettering ; Pa.p. loi'tered.. lol'terer. [Dutch, to direct the attention to : to watch : to seem : to
lotcren; Ice. lotra; prov. Gcr. lottem, to be face, as a house : inB., to expect.v.i. to express
loose ; akin to Lag, Lounge.] by a look ; to influence by look :pr.p. lookring ;
Loll, lol, v.i., to move slowly; to lean idly; to pa.p. looked'.Look alter, toattend to or take care
lounge ; to hang out from the mouth :Pr.p. of; in B.t toexpect :into, to inspect closely :on.
loll'ing; pa.p. lolled'. [Ice. lolla; Swiss, tSUny to regard, view, think :out, to watch ; to select :
to lounge ; lallen, to put out the tongue ; akin to to, to take care of; to depend on :through, to
Gr. lalein, to speak.] penetrate with the eye or the understanding.n,
Lollards, lol'ards, n.pl. lit. the sluggards or idle looker. [A.S. locian, akin to leant, light; prov.
wanderers ; a sect of reformers in Germany, Ger. luegen ; akin to L. luceo. Gr. foiissd, to
nbout a.d. 1300: the followers of Wycliffe in look, Sans, lok, to see, ruck, to shine.]
England, [from Loll : also given from low Gcr. look, look, n., the act oflooking or seeing : sight :
lollen, to sing.] air of the face ; appearance : view ; watch.
Lous, lOn, Lonely, lOnli, adj., alone; having no look, look, imp. or int., seel behold.
company; solitary; retired; standing by itself; looker, that
look'er, ., one who looks.looker on, one
looks on, a mere spectator.
n. loneliness, [contraction of Alone.J
lonesome, lOn'sum, adj., being alone ; solitary ; looking, look'ing, n., seeing ; search or searching.
- looking-for, in B., expectation.look'ing-gl&ss,
dismal.adv. lose'somely.n. lone'someness. a glass which reflects the image of the person
Long, long, adj. (comp. longer ; superl. longest) looking into it, a mirror.
drawn out in a line ; extended ; not short ; ex look-out, look'-out, n. aplace
carefulfrom
lookingout
tended in time ; slow in coming ; tedious ; far- in sr for : an elevated
reaching.adv. to a great extent in space or one engaged in watching. Which toorobserve
watch-:
time; through the whole; all along.v.i., to Loom, loom, n. lit a utensil; the frame or machine
stretch out the mind after; to desire earnestly ; for weaving cloth ; the handle of an oar, or the
to have an eager appetite 'pr.p. long'ing ; pa.p.
longed'.adv. longingly. [A.S. long, lang; Ger. part within the rowlock. [A.S. loma, furniture,
lang; Ice- langr; Goth, laggs; L. lengus; Gr. utensils; Gael, lamp, a handle.]
dolickos. Sans, dirghai] Loom, loom, v.i., to shine or appear above the
long-boat, Iong^-bOt, n. the longest boat of a ship. horizon ; to appear larger than the real size, as
longeval, lon-jff'val, longevous, lon-jfi'vus, adj., of in a mist : to be seen at a distance in the mind's
long or great age. [L. longus, long, aevum, age.] eye, as something in the future '.pr.p. IOOm'ing ;
longevity, lon-jevVti, n., long life; old age. Pa.p. lOOmed'. [A.S. leoman, to shineleoma,
longunanous, lon-jim a-nus, adj., long-handed. [L. a beam of light.]
longus, long, and manus, a hand.] looming, looming, n. the indistinct and magnified
longlih, long'ish, adj., so?nrwliat long. appearance of objects seen in certain states of
longitude, lon'ji-tud, . lit. length; distance of a the atmosphere ; mirage.
place east or west of a given meridian ; distance Loon, lOOn. n. a genus of web-footed aquatic birds,
m degrees from the vernal equinox, on the ecliptic. with short wings, and legs placed very far back,
[L. longitudo.) also called Divers from theirexpertness in diving.
longitudinal, lon-ji-tud'i-nal, adj., pertaining to [Dan. loom, Sw. lomm, Ger. lohme, lame, from
longitude or length; extending lengthwise. their awkwardness in walking on land.]
adv. longitud'uuUly. {length. Loop, lOOp, n. Ut. a bend orfold; a doubling of a
long-measure, long'-mezh-ur, n.t the measure of cord through which another may pass ; an orna
long-run, long'-run, n. , the long or whole run or mental doubling in fringes.v.t. to fasten or
course of events ; the ultimate result.
longshore-man, long'shar-man, n., a man employed looped'. [Ger. lupe, Gael, lub, alOOp'ing
ornament with loops:pr.p. ; Pa.p.
bend, a fold.)
, along the shore or about wharves in loading and loopers, lOOp'erz, n.pl. the caterpillars of certain
unloading vessels.
long-sighted, long'-slt-ed, adj., able to see at a long moths,
of their
which move by drawing up the hind part
body to the head, thusforming a loop.
distance ; sagacious, n. long -sightedness.
long-stop, long'-stop, . in cricket, one whose duty loop, wall,
lOOp, loophole, lOOpTiOt, n. a small hole in a
&c. through which small-arms may be fired :
is to stand behind the wicket-keeper and stop a means of escape.adj. loop'holed.
balls sent a long distance.
long-suffering, long'-suf-er-ing, adj., suffering or Loose, lOOs, adj., slack, free; unbound: not con
enduring long.., long endurance or patience. fined : not compact ; not strict : unrestrained ;
length, length, n., quality ofbeinglong; extent from licentious ; inattentive.adv. loose'Iy.n. loose
end to end ; the longest measure ofanything ; long ness. [A.S. leas, loose, weak ; Goth, laus, Ger.
continuance ; detail. [A.S. lengthelang, long.] los, loose ; akin to Sans, lu, to cut ; sec Less.]
lengthen, length'n, v.t., to increase in length; to Break loose, to escape from confinement ; Let
draw out.v.i., to grow longer :Pr.p., length loose, to set at liberty.
ening ; pa.p. lengthened. loose, lOOs, v.t., to free from any fastening; to
lengthy, length'i, adj., ofgreat length; rather long. release ; to relax.v.i. in B., to set sail '.J^r.p.
adv. leugth'ily.. length'iness. lOOs'ing ; Pa.p. loosed'. [A.S. lysan, leosan, Ger.
lengthwise, lcngth'wiz, adj., in the way or direction losen, Goth, lausjan, to loose. ]
ofthe length, [for lengthways.] loosen, lOOs'n, v.t., to make loose; to relax any*
Loo, lOO, . a game at cards.v.t. to beat in the thing tied or rigid : to make less dense : to open,
game of loo :j>r.p. lOO'ing ; Pa.p. lOOed'. [prob, as the bowels.v.i. to become loose ; to become
less tight '.pr.p. lOOs'cning ; pa.p. lOOs'ened.
irom Fr. lot, a lot, a prize.]
Loof, lQOf, . the after-part of a ship's bow where Loot, loot, n. act of plundering esp. in a conquered
the planks begin to curve in towards the cut city; plunder.v.t. or i. to plunder '.pr.p.
water. [Sec Luff.] lOOt'ing ; pa.p. looted. [Hind. ; Sans, lotra,
Look, look, v.i. to turn the eye toward so as to see; loplra, stolen goods.]
fate, far ; m&, her ; mine ; mute ; mute ; mOOn ; Ihen.
 Lop
P* lop. v-f-t to cut off t/ie twigs cfy as a tree, to
prune ; to cut off the top or extreme parts of:
pr.p. lopp'ing ; pa.p. lopped'.. twigs and small
branches of trees cut off. [Dutch, lubben, to
cut : or perh. from Ger. laub, foliage, branches.]
Loquacious, lo-kwS'shus, adj., talkative. fjr fVyrrirr.
-actsloauor, to speak.]adv. loqua'ciously.
ns. loqu* clousnesi, loquacity, ulkativeness.
Lord, lawrd, n. lit. the origin or supplier ofbread;
a master ; a superior ; a husband ; a ruler : the
proprietor of a manor ; a baron ; a peer of the
realm ; the son of a duke or marquis, or the eldest
son of an earl ; a bishop, if a member of Parlia
ment : in B., the Supreme Being ; Jehovah (when
printed in capitals).v.t. to raise to the peerage.
v.i. to act the lord ; to tyrannise :Pr.p. lord'-
ing ; Pa./, lord'ed. [old E. loverd, laverdA.S.
Mafordhlaf, a loaf, bread, ord, origin.]
Lord'e-day, the first day of the week.Lord'-
supper, the sacrament of the communion, insti
tuted at our Lord's last supper.
lordling, lawrd'ling, ., a little lord; a would-be
lord.
lordly, lawrdli, adj., like, becoming or pertaining
to a lord; dignified ; haughty ; tyrannical.
adv. lordly.n. lordliaeaa,
lordship, lawrd'ship, n., state or cottditiort of being
a lord; the territory belonging to a lord:
dominion ; .authority.
Lor*, lOr, ., that which is learned or taught ;
doctrine ; learning. [A.S. lar, from rootofLearn.]
Lorica, lo-rfka, n. in anc. Rome, a cuirass made
ofthongs. [L.lorum, a thong.]
loricate, lor'i-kat, v.t., tofurnish with a lorica or
coat-of-mail ; to plate or coat over:pr.p. lor'i-
cating;Pa.p. lor'icated. [h.lorico,-atumlorica. ]
lorlcation, lor-i-ka'shun, n., act ofcoating or crust
ing over : the coating put on a surface : a surface
crusted over. [L. loricafio.]
Lorlot, lfl'ri-ut, n., the golden oriole. See Oriole.
[Fr. le, the, and oriol, Prov. auriol, L. aureolus,
dim. of aureus, goldenaurum, gold.]
Lorry, lor'i, n. a four-wheeled wagon without sides,
[perhaps from prov. lurry, to pull or lug.]
Lose, iGQz, v.t., to loose or set free from; to be
separated from unwillingly : not to gain : to part
with; to be deprived of: to waste, as time: to
miss: to bewilder: to cause to perish; to ruin;
to suffer waste .Pr.p. losing (loozO ; pa. t. and
Pa.f. lost.adj. loVable.n. War. [A.S. losian
teas, loose, empty.] See Loose, and Lew.
losing, lrai'ing, adj., causing loss.adv. loe'ingly.
Ion, los, ., the act oflosing; injury ; destruction ;
defeat : that which is lost ; waste. [A.S. los.]
lost, lost, adj., Parted with; no longer possessed ;
missing : thrown away ; squandered : ruined.
Lot, lot, n. one's fate in the future ; that which
falls to any one as his fortune ; that which decides
by chance : a separate portion.v.t. to allot ; to
separate into lots; to catalogue \~pr.p. lott'ing;
pa.p. lott/ed. [A.S. hlot, a lot, hleotan, to cast
lots ; Ice. hlutr, lot, hluta} to cast lots.]
lottery, lot'er-i, n. a distribution of prizes by lot or
chance ; a game of chance.
Lute, 1st, Lotus, lo'tus, Lotos, lo'tos, n. the water-lily
of Egypt : a tree in N. Africa, fabled to make
strangers who ate of its fruit forget their home :
a genus of leguminous plants. [L. lotus, Gr.
Idtos.}lo'tvi-eater, ., an eater ofthe lotus; one
who gives himself up to pleasure-seeking.
Loth, loth, adj. same as Loath.
(ate, far ; me, her ; mine ;
Low
Lotion, lo'shun, n. lit a washing; in med.t a
fluid for external application to a wound, bruise,
&c. [Fr.L. lotiolavo, lotum, to wash.]
Lottery. See under Lot.
Loud, loud, adj. lit. heard; making a great sound ;
striking the ear with great force ; noisy ; clamor
ous.advs. loud, loud'ly.n. loud'nen. [A.S.
hlud; Ice. hliod, Sw. ljud, Ger. taut, sound : L.
inclytus, much heard of, Gr. klytos, heardklyS,
Sans, kru, to hear.)
Lough, lok, same as Loch.
Lounge, lounj, v.i., to be in a sleepy state; to recline
at one's ease ; to move about listlessly :pr.p.
lounging; Pa.p. lounged'.n. the act or state of
lounging ; an idle stroll : a place for lounging ; a
kind of sofa.n. lomufar. [Swiss, lugg, loose;
Dutch, luggem, lungem, to lieabed; Bav. lumen,
to slumber : conn, with Lag, and Lounge.]
Louse, lous, n. lit. the destroyer; a common wingless
parasitic insect :pi Lice (lis). [A.S. lus, pi. lys ;
Ger. lausGoth, liusan, to destroy, to devour.]
lousy, louz'i, adj., swarming with lice.. lou'tl-
ness.
Lout, lout, n. lit one of the common people ; a
clown; a simple, awkward fellow. [A.S. leode,
Ger. leute, Goth, lauds, people : or akin to Clod. ]
loutish, loutish, adj., like a lout; awkward and
clumsy.adv. lout'lihly.n. lout'iihneas.
Louver, Louvre, ltso'ver, . an opening in the roofs
of ancient houses serving for a sky-light and a
chimney, often in the form of a turret or small
lantern. [Ice. liori (pronounced liovri}, Norw.
liortlies, light]Louver-window, an open win
dow in a church tower.
Love, luv, v.t., to be pleased with, to desire ; to
be fond of; to regard with affection ; to delight
in with exclusive affection : to regard with be
nevolence :Pr.p. lov'ing ; Pa.p. loved'.n., act
of loving; an affection of the mind caused by
that which delights ; pre-eminent kindness ; fond
ness: benevolence; reverential regard : devoted
attachment to one of the opposite sex : the object
ofaffection; the god oflove, Cupid. [A.S. lufian
luf, love; Ger. lieben; akin to L. libeo,lubeo,
to please, Sans, tubh, to desire.]
lovable, luv'a-bl, adj., worthy oflove.
love-bird, mV-berd, n. a genus of small birds of the
parrot tribe, so called from their love or attach
ment to each other.
love-knot, luv'-not, n. an intricate knot, a token of
love.
loveless, luv'Ies, adj., without love, tenderness, or
kindness.
love-lock, luv'-lok, n. a lock or curl of hair hanging
at the ear worn by men of fashion in the reigns
of Elizabeth and James I.
love-lorn, luv'-lorn, adj., lorn or forsaken by one's
love. [See Forlorn.]
lovely, luvMi, adj., exciting love or admiration;
amiable; pleasing; delightful.. loveHnen.
lover, luv'er, n., one who loves, csp. one in love
with a person of the opposite sex: one who is
fond of anything : in B., a friend,
loving, luvlng, adj., havinglove or kindness ; affec
tionate ; fond : expressing love.adv. lovingly.
ft, lov'lngneu.
loving-kindness, luv-ing-kTnd'nes, ., kindness full
oflove; tender regard ; mercy; favour.
Low, lo, v.i. to make the loud noise of oxen '.Pr.p.
low'ing; pa.p. lowed'. [A.S. hlowan; Dutch,
loeijen; formed from the sound.]
mOte ; mute ; mOon ; then.
 lowing
lowing, lOlng, adj., Bellowing, or making the loud
noise of oxen.re. the bellowing or cry of cattle.
Low, 13, adj. {cam/, low'er; superl. low'ast), lying
on an inferior puce or position ; not high : deep :
shallow : small ; cheap : dejected : mean : plain :
in poor circumstances ; humble.adv. not aloft :
not at a high price : meanly : in subjection,
poverty, or disgrace : in times near our own :
not loudly: in astr., in a path near the equator.
n. lowness. [Dutch, laag, Sw. lag, Ice. lagr,
low ; allied to A.S. licgan, to lie.]
low-church, lo'-church, adj. applied to the party in
the Episcopal Church who do not attach exclusive
importance to ecclesiastical constitutions, ordin
ances, and forms :opposed to high-church,
lower, Id'er, v.t., to bring low; to depress: to de
grade: to diminish.v.i. to fall; to sink: to
grow less \pr.p. low'ering ; Pa.p. low'crcd.
lowering, lo'er-ing, n.( the act of bringing low;
reducing.adj. letting down ; sinking.
lowermost, 1O'er-most, adj., lowest.
lowland, lo'land, n., landlow'with respect to higher
land.n. lowlander, a native of lowlands.
lowly, loli, adj., ofa low orhumble mind ; not high :
meek: modestn. loVllness.
low-pressure, lO'-presh-Or, adj. employing or exert
ing a low degree of pressure, said of steam and
steam-engines.
low-spirited, lo'-spir-it-ed, adj., having the spirits
low or cast down ; not lively ; sad.. low'-iplr-
ltedness.
low-thoughted, Ifl'-thawt-ed.a^".having the tltougkts
directed to low pursuits.
low-water, lo'-waw-tcr, n. the time when the water
along a coast is at its lowest point.
Lower, low'er, v.i., to look sour, to frown; to
gather and appear gloomy, as the clouds ; to
threaten a storm iPr.p. low'ering ; p&p. low'
cred. [Dutch, loeren, to frown ; old Ger. luren,
to look sullen.]
lowering, low'er-ing, adj., looking sullen; appear
ing dark and threatening.adv. low'eringly.
Loyal, loyal, adj. observing that fidelity which,
according to the laws, is due to the sovereign ;
faithful and obedient : true.adv. loyally..
loy'olty. [Fr.L. legalis, pertaining to the law
lex, legist law.]
loyalist, loy al-ist, n. one who renders all loyal or
lawful obedience to his sovereign.
Lozenge, lo/cnj, . an oblique-angled parallelogram
or a rhombus : in her., the shield on which the
arms of maids, widows, and deceased persons arc
borne : a small cake of flavoured sugar, orig,
lozenge or diamond shaped. [Fr. losange, prob.
from Gr. loxos, oblique, L. angulus, an angle.]
Lubber, lub'cr, re., an awkward, clumsy fellow;
a lazy, sturdy fellow.adj. and adv. lub'berly.
[W. llob; old Ger. lubbe; Ice. lubbi.)
Lubricate, lflO'bri-ka't, v.t., to make smooth or slip
pery:pr.p. UVbricSting ; pa.p. iQ'bricatcd. [L
lubrico, -alumlubricus, slippery ; akin to Sans.
lu, to cut.] See Loose.
lubrication, lOo-bri-kS'shun, ., the act or process of
making smooth or slippery.
lubricator, lCRfbri-kSt-ur, n., he who or that which
makes smooth or slippery.
lubricity, loo-bris'i-ti, ., slipperiness ; smoothness :
instability : lewdness.
Lucent, lOD'sent. adj.JuKoflight, shining; bright.
[L. lucensluceo, to shinelux, lucis, light]
lucid, lro'sid, adj., full of light, shining; trans-
fate, far ; mC, her ; mine ;
Lumbago
parent: easily understood: intellectually bright:
not darkened with madness.adv. lucidly.re.
lu'cidnees. [L. luciduslux, lucis, light.]
luclfer, loo'si-fer, n., that which brings light; the
planet Venus when it_ appears as the morning-
star, so called from its bringing in the day :
Satan : a match of wood tipped with a combus
tible substance, and ignited by friction, [L. lux,
lucis, light, andfero, to bring.]
lucubrate, Iro'lcQ-brat, v.i. to work or study by
lamp-light or at night. [L. lucubro, -aturntux.}
lucubration, !5o-kti-br;Vshun, ., study by candle
light ; that which is composed by night : any
composition produced in retirement.
lucubratory, looTcG-bra-tor-i, adj. , composed by
candle-light.
luculent, lCOTcO-lent, adj., full of light; lucid:
transparent : evident. [L. lucttlentuslux .]
Luck, luk, n.,fortune, good or bad ; chance ; lot.
[Ice. lukka: Dutch, luk,geluk; Ger. glUck, pros
perity, fortune.]
luckless, luk'les, adj. , without good-luck : unhappy.
adv. lucklessly.n. luckleuness.
lucky, luVi, adj., having good-luck; fortunate:
auspicious.adv. luck ily.re. luck'ineu.
Lucre, lCO'ker, n.f gain ; profit ; advantage. [Fr.
L. lucrum, gain, akin to Gr. leia, booty, Ger.
lohn, pay, Sans, lotra, booty.] See Loot.
lucrative, loTSlcra-tiv, adj., bringing lucre or gain ;
profitable.adv. lucratively.
Lucubrate, &c, Luculent. See under Lucent.
Ludicrous, lf5D'di-krus, adj., tliat serves for sport ;
adapted to excite laughter; laughable; comic;
ridiculous.adv. lu'dlcroualy.re. lu'dlcrotumesa.
[L. Indicrusludo. Sans, lad, laJ, to sport.]
Lull, luf, n. the windward side of a ship : the act of
sailing a ship close to the wind : the lootv.i.
to turn a ship towards the wind iPr.p. luffing ;
pa.p. luffed'. [Dutch, loef; Ger. lof, luv, akin to
Inft, wind, A.S. lyft, air.]
Lug, lug, v.t., topull along by an ear or any loose
part ; to drag ; to pull violently.v.t. to drag ; to
move heavily '.Pr-P. lugging ; pa.p. lugged'.
[A.S. geluggian, to pull; Swiss, lugg, loose,
luggen, to be looselug, the forelock ; Ice. loka,
to nang or drag : Scot lug, the car.]
luggage, lug'Sj, n. that which is lugged or dragged
along : the trunks, &c. of a traveller.
lugger,lug'er, , a small vessel with three masts, a
running bowsprit, and long or lug sails.
lug-sail, lug'-sal, re. a square sail bent upon a yard
that hangs obliquely to the mast.
Lug-worm, lug'-wurm, re. a sluggish wortn living in
the sand on the sea-shore, much used for bait by
fishermen, also called Lob worm, [from root of
Lag, Log, and Worm.]
Lugubrious, loo-gHTm-us, adj., mournful; sorrow
ful.adv. lugubriously. [L. lugubrislugeo, to
mourn.]
Lukewarm, lSok'wawrm, adj., partially or moder
ately warm: indifferent.oulv. luke'warmly. .
luke'warmneas, [W. Hug, Gael leth, partial, A.S.
whrc, warm.]
Lull, lul, v.t., to sing la la; to quiet,v.i. to be
come calm ; to subside \pr.p. lulling ; Pa.p.
lulled'.re. a season of calm. [Sw. ; Ice. lulLx;
Ger. laHen, L. lallo : from the sound.]
lullaby, lul'a-bi, re. a song to lull children to sleep.
Lumbago, lum-ba'g5, re. a rheumatic pain in the
loins and small of the back. [L.lumbus, a
loin.]
mOte ; mute ; mTOn ; thau
 lumbar Luxate
lumbar, lum'bar, lumbal, lumbal, adj., pertaining enticement.v.t. to entice '.pr.p. luring ; Pa.p,
to or near the loins. lured'. [Ger. luder, bait, ludern, to entice.]
Lumber, lurnber, n. anything cumbersome or useless. Lurid, lOO'rid, adj., ghastly pale; wan: gloomy.
v. t. to fill with lumber ; to heap together in con
fusion.v.i. to move heavily and laboriously : [L. lurk, luridus.]
f>r.p. lurr/bering;Pa.p. lum'bered. [Dan. belemre, Lurk, fr.p.
v.i., to fie in wait; to be concealed :
lurk'ing; pa.p. lurked'. [W. llerch, a
Dutch, belemmem, to encumber.]
lumbering, lum'ber-ing, adj.,filling with lumber; lurking, lurk'ing, toadj.
fnsk, llercian, lurk, to frisk about] [sight.
lying hid; keeping out of
putting in confusion : moving heavily. lurch, lurch, n. a sudden roll of a ship to one side.
Luminary, luu'min-nr-i, n., any body which gives v.i. to roll or pitch suddenly
light, esp. one of the heavenly bodies : one who ship) ; to evade by stooping ;totoonelurkside:Pr.p. (as a
illustrates any subject or instructs mankind. [L. lurching; pa.p. lurched', [from root of Lurk.}
lumen, luminis, lightluceo, to shine.] lurcher, lurch'er, ., one who lurks or lies in wait;
luminous, loo'min-us, adi., giving light; shining; one who watches to steal, or to betray or entrap :
illuminated: clear; lucid.adv. luminously. a dog for game.
ns. la'mlnousnea, luminosity.
Lump, lump, n., a small shapeless mass : the whole Luscious, Iush'us, adj., sweet in a great degree;
delightful : fulsome, as flattery.adv. lus ciously.
together; the gross.-jv.t. to throw into a con n. hu'eionsness. [old E. lushious.\
fused mass : to take in the gross '.pr.p. lump'-
ing; Pa.p. lumped'. [Ice. lump, Dutch, lompe, Lust, lust, n., listing or longing desire : eagerness
to possess : carnalappctite : in ., any violent or
Dan. klump ; connected with Club, Clump.]
lumpish, lump'fish, n. a clumsy sea-fish with a short, depraved desire.v.i. to desire eagerly; to have
carnal desire ; to have depraved desires :Pr.p.
deep, and thick body and head, and a ridge on ' lusting;
its back, also called Lump'sucker, from the power lust; Dan. andlusted. pa.p. [A.S., Ger., and Sw.
Ice. lyst; Goth, lustus; Sans.
of its sucker. [Lump, and Fish.] lash, to desire. See list. J
lumping, lumping, adj., in a lump; heavy ; bulky. lustful, lust/fool, adj., havinglust; inciting to lust ;
lumpish, lumpish, adj., like a lump,- heavy ; gross : sensual.adv. tast'ftuly.. lust'fulness.
dull.adv. lump'lihly.n. lump'ishness. lusty, lustl, adj., possessing lust or vigour (obs.
lumpy, lump i, adj., full oflumps. meaning of lush ; stout ; healthful ; bulky.adv.
lunch, lunsh, luncheon, lunsh'un, ., a lump of some lustily.n. lust iness.
thing eatable ; a slight repast between breakfast LustrsJ, Lustration. See under Lustre,
and dinner.v.i. to take a lunch '.pr.p. lunch'-
ing ; pa.p. lunched', [from Lump.] Lustre, lus'ter, *., brightness : splendour ; fig.
Lunar, lflo'nar, Lunary, ICO'naiM, adj.. belonging to renown : a candlestick ornamented with pendants
the moon; measured by the revolutions of the of cut glass. [Fr. ; It. lustraL. luceo, to shine.]
moon : caused by the moon : like the moon. [L. lustreless,
lustring,
lus'ter-les, adj., destitute oflustre.
lus'tring, lutestring, loot/string, n. a kind of
lunarisluna, the moonluceo, to shine.] glossy silk cloth. [Fr. lustrine; It. lustrine.]
lunacy, l(So'na-si, . a kind of madness formerly lustrous, lus'trus, adj., having lustre; bright;
supposed to be affected by the moon ; insanity.
1astatic, lcs'na-tik, adj., affected with lunacy.n. shining ; luminous.adv. las trously.
a person so affected ; a madman. Lustre, lus'ter, Lustrum, luslrum, n. the solemn
lunate, lQo'nat, Inn*ted, loO'nat-cd, adj., formed offering for purification made by one of the
like a hali-moon ; crescent-shaped. censors in name of the Roman people at the
lunation, lOO-na/shun, n. the time between two revo conclusion of the census, which was taken every
lutions of the moon ; a lunar month. five yeanhence, a period of five years. [L.
lone, lOOn, n. anything in the shape of a hsl!-moon. lustrumluo, to purify.]
[Fr. iune, L. luna.) 1astral, lus'tral, adj., relating to or used in lustra
lunette, 10o-ner/( a little moon : in fort., a tion or purification. [fee ; act of purifying.
detached bastion : a hole in a concave ceiling to lustration, lus-tra'shun, n., a purification by sacri-
admit light : a watch-glass flattened more than Lute, loot, . lit. the wood; a stringed instrument
usual in the centre. [Fr. dim. of lune.) of music like the guitar.n. lut'er, lufist, a
Lunch, Luncheon. See under Lump. player on a lute, [old Fr. Uut; Fr. luth; Ger.
Lung, lung, n. one of the organs of breathing, so laute; At. al-'udal, the, and ud. wood.]
called from its light or spongy texture. [A.S. lutestring, lSOt'string, n. the string of a lute.
lungan, the lungs; Sans, laghu, light.]
lunged, lungd, adj., having lungs, or the nature of Lute, loot, Luting, looting, . lit. that which is
washed over; mud; a composition like clay for
lungs,
lungwort, lung*wurt, n. an herb with purple flowers, posed toupfire.v.t.
closing vessels, or protecting them when ex
so called from a fancied likeness of its spotted pr.p. luting ; pa.p.tolut'ed.n. close or coat with lute:
tata'tlon. [L.
leaves to the lungs: a lichen that grows on lutum, from luo, to wash.]
trunks of trees. [Lang, and A.S. wurt, plant.] lutorloui, luo-ta'ri-us. adj., pertaining to mud;
Lupine, iuu'pTn, adj., like a wolf; wolfish. [L. living in mud ; of the colour of mud.
lupinuslupus, Or. lukos, a wolf.] Lutestring, a lustrous silk. See lustring under
lupine, lGO'pin, n. a kind of flowering pulse. Lustre.
Larch, To leave in the, to leave in a difficult situa Lutheran, loo'ther-an, adj., pertaining to Luther,
tion, or without help. [ace. to Wedgwood, It, the German Protestant reformer (14831546), or
lureto, Fr. lourche, Ger.' lurx, lurtsch, a game at to his doctrines.n. Lu'theranlsm, his doctrines.
tables, also used when one party gains every Luxate, luks'at, v.t. lit. to make slanting; to put
point before the other makes one.] out ofjoint ; to displace :fr.p. lux'ating ; Pa.p.
Larch, a roll of a ship, &c. See under Lark. lux'ated.n. taxa tion, a dislocation. [L. luxo,
Lure, Icor, n. Kt. bait to attract wild animals ; any luxatumlujcus, Gr. loxos, slanting.]
file, far ; m, her ; mine ; mote ; mute ; mOOn ; then.
 Luxuriant
I/nuriant, &c. See under Luxury.
Luxury, Iuks'0-ri or liuVshQ-ri, ., excess, extra
vagance; free indulgence in sensual pleasures;
sensuality : anything delightful ; a dainty. [L.
iuxuria, luxury, luxurio, -aturn, to indulge in
luxuryluxus, excess.]
luxuriant, luks-u'ri-ant, adj. lit indulging in
luxury ; exuberant in growth ; overabundant
adv. luxuriantly.ns. luxuriance, luxu'rlancy.
luxuriate, luks-u'ri-at, v.i., to be luxuriant ; to grow
exuberantly ; to live luxuriously ; to expatiate with
delight :pr.p. luxuriating ; Pa.p. luxuriated.
Luxurious, luks-u'ri-us, adj.,full of luxury ; given
to luxury : administering to luxury : furnished
with luxuries ; softening by pleasure.adv.
luxuriously.. luxu riousnesa.
Lyceum, ll-se'um, . orig. the place where Aristotle,
the Greek philosopher, taught : a place devoted to
instruction by lectures : an association for literary
improvement. [L. ; Gr. lykeion, from the temple
ofApollo Lykeios, the woff-slaycrlykos, a wolf.]
Ly, IT, n. a mixture of ashes and water. [A.S.
leak; Ger. lauge; L. lixiviumlix, ashes.]
Lying. See under Lit.
Lymph, limf, n. lit. a water-nymph; water; a
colourless fluid in animal bodies. [Fr. lymphe,
L. lympha, akin to Gr. nymphi, a u-.itcr-nymph.J
lymphatic, lim-fat'ik, adj., pertaining to lymph.-
h. a vessel which conveys the lymph.
Lynch, linch, v.t. to judge and punish without the
usual forms oflaw, as by a mob :~Pr.p. lynch'ing ;
Pa.p. lynched'.. lynch'-Uw, [from Lynch, a
farmer in Virginia, who so acted.]
Lynx, Hngks, n. a small, wild animal of the cat-
kind noted for its sharp sight. [L. and Gr. lynx;
prob. from Gr. lyki, light, or from lykos, a wolf.]
lynx-eyed, lingks'-Td, adj., sharp-sighted Hke the
lynx. [Lynx, and Eye.]
Lyrate. See under Lyre.
Lyre, lTr, n. a musical instrument like the harp,
anciently used as an accompaniment to poetry :
Lyra, one ofthe northern constellations.n. lyr
ist, a player on the lyre or harp. [L., Gr. tyra.]
lyre-bird, nV-berd, n. an Australian bird about the
size of a pheasant, remarkable for the arrange
ment of its 16 tail-feathers in the form of a lyre.
lyric, hVik, lyrical, hVik-al, adj., pertaining to the
lyre; fitted to be sung to the lyre; written in
stanzas : said of poetry which expresses the
individual emotions of the poet : that composes
lyrics.n. a lyric poem.
lyrate, U'rit, adj. in M., lyre-shaped.
M used for food, so named from its blue spots.
Mab, mab, n. lit. a male child; the queen of the
fairies. [W. mab, a male child.]
Macadamise, mak-ad'am-Tz, v.t. to cover, as a road,
with small, broken stones, so as to form a smooth,
hard surface '.pr.p. macad'amTsing ; Pa.p. ma
cadamised.. mac&damlsa'tlon. [from Mac
adam, the inventor, 17561836.]
Macaroni, mak-a-rO'ni, n. lit. food squeezed into
balls ; a paste chiefly of wheat flour in long,
slender tubes : a medley; something fanciful and
extravagant : a fool ; a fop. [It maccheroni,
macaronimaccare, to crush.]
macaronic, mak-a-ron'ik, adj.,pertaining to or like
a macaroni, medley, or fool : trifling ; affected :
consisting of modern words latinised, or Latin
fate, far ; mi, her ; mine ;
Mad
words modernised, intermixed with genuine Latin
words.n. a jumble ; a macaronic composition.
macaroon, mak-a-rOon', . a cake made chiefly of
almonds and sugar.
Macassar-oil, ma-kas'ar-oil, n. an oil used for pro
moting the growth of the hair, exported from
Macassar, a district in the island of Celebes.
Macaw, ma-kaw/, n. a genus of American parrots,
some of which are the largest of the race, [said
to be the native name in the W. India Islands.]
Mace, mas, n. lit. a mallet, a club of metal ; a staff
used as an ensign of authority : the heavier rod
used in billiards. [Fr. masse; It. mazta; obs.
L. matea, whence L. rnateola, a mallet]
macer, mus'cr, ., a mace-bearer.
Mace, mas, n. a spice, the second coat of the nut
meg. [It. mace; L. macir; Gr. maker; akin to
Sans, makaranda, nectar of a flower.]
Macerate, mas'cr-at, v.t. to steep; to soften by
steeping :Pr.p. mae'erating ; Pa.p. mae'eratcd.
n. maceration. [L. macero, conn, with marceo,
to waste away.]
MachiaveUan, mak-i-a-vel'yan, adj., Pertaining to
or like Machiavel or his principles : politically
cunning; crafty.n. one who imitates Machia
vel.. Machlavel'ianiam. [from Machiavel, a
Florentine statesman and writer, 14691527.]
Machicolation, mach-i-ko-la'shun, n. in arch., a
projecting parapet with apertures for pouring
melted substances upon assailants.adj. machic -
olated, havingmachicolations. [Fr. machecoulis,
from miche, a match, and couler, to flowL.
colo, to filter.]
Machinate, &c. See under Machine.
Machine, ma-shen', n. any artificial means or con
trivance ; an instrument formed by combining
two or more of the mechanical powers ; an en
gine : fig. supernatural agency in a poem : one
who can do only what he is told. [L. mac/una ;
Gr. mZchanimichos, means.]
machinery, ma-shgn'er-i, n., machines in general;
the parts of a machine ; means for keeping in
action : supernatural agency in a poem.
machinist, ma-shfinlst, n., a constructed of
machines ; one well versed in machinery.
machinate, mak'i-nat, v.t., to contrive skilfully;
to form a plot or scheme :pr.p. machinating ;
Pa.p. macninStcd. [L. machinor, -atus.]
machination, mak-i-n5'shun, n., act ofmachinating
or contriving a scheme for executing some pur
pose, esp. an evil one ; an artful design deliber
ately formed.
machlnator, makl-na-tur, n., one who machinates.
Mackerel, mak'cr-cl, n. a well-known sea-fish largely
[Dutch, makreel; Ger. makrele; Fr. maqucreau;
It maccareltomacco, L. macula, a spot]
Mackintosh, mak'in-tosh, n. a waterproof overcoat,
[from Mackintosh the inventor.]
Macrocosm, mak'ro-kozm, the great world; the
universe :opposed to Microcosm. [Gr. tnakros,
long, great, and kosmos, the world.]
Maculate, mak'O-lat, v.t., to spot, to defile :pr.p.
maculating ; pa.p. mac'GlAted.n. macula tion.
act of spotting, a spot. [L. macula, -alum
macula, a spot, prob. akin to Sans, mala, dirt]
Mad, mad, adj. (comp. madd'er ; superI. madd'eat)
lit drunk; troubled in mind; excited with any
violent passion or appetite ; furious with anger :
disordered in intellect ; insane ; proceeding from
mote ; mute ; moon; then.
 madcap Magnolia
mad'Iy mad'ness. [A.S. self or is made great ; a public civil officer ; a
gtmatd; It matto, silly; L. mattus, drunk; justice of the peace.adj. magistratic.
Sans, mad, to be drunk, to be mad.] magistracy, maj'is-tra-si, ., the office or dignity oj
mad'eap, . a wild, rash, hot-headed a magistrate ; the body of magistrates.
[Had, and Cap.]
madhouse, mad'hous, . a house for moif persons, Magna Charta, mag'na kaVta, ft., the great charier
obtained from King John, a.d. 1215. [L.]
madman, mad'man, ., one who is mad, Magnanimity, mag-na-nim'i-ti, ., greatness ofsoul;
madwort, mad'wurt, ., a plant, long a popular mental elevation or dignity ; generosity. [L.
remedy in canine madness. [Mad,A.S./r/,plant] magnanimitasmagnanimus, great-souled
madden, mad'n, v.t., to make mad; to enrage. magnus, great, and animus, the mind.]
v.i., to become mad; to act as one mad :pr.p. magnanimous, mag-nan'i-mus, adj., great-souled ;
madd'ening ; Pa.p. maddened.
Madam, mad'am, n. lit. my dame or lady; a courteous elevated in soul or sentiment ; noble or honour
able ; brave ; unselfish.adv. magnanimously.
form ofaddress to a lady ; a lady. [Fr. madame magnate, mag'nut, ., a great man ; a noble ; a
ma, L. mea, my, and Fr. dame, L. domina, lady.]
Mademoiselle, mad-mwa-zel', w. lit. my damsel; man of rank or wealth. [Fr. magnat, a title of
Miss. [Fr. wm, my, and demoiselle, L. as if magnus, great.] and Poland, L. magnatus
nobles of Hungary
dominicella, dim. o(domina, a lady.]
Madonna, Madona, ma-don'a, . lit. my Lady ; a Magnesia, mag-nE'shi-a, orsi-a, . a primitive earth
so called because anciently thought to have the
picture of the Virgin Mary. [It. madonnaL. power, like a magnet, of attracting any principle
mea domina, mylady.] from the atmosphere when exposed to ita soft,
Madcap, Madden, &c. See under Mad. white purgative powder. [Fr. magnisie, L.
Madder, mad'er, . a plant whose root dyes red. magnes, -elis, a magnet or magnesian stone
[A.S. maddere; Dutch, meed; meeden, to dye.] L. and Gr. Magnisia, a country in Lydia, hence
Hade, mid, pa.t. and A*-A of Make, called the Lydtan Stone. See Loadstone.]
made continually, in Pr. Bk., established for ever. magnesian, inag-nfi'shi-an, or si-an, adj., belonging
Madeira, ma-de'ra, . a rich wine made at Madeira. to, containing, or resembling magnesia.
See under Madam. magnesium, mag-nC'shi-um, or si-um, ft. the metallic
See under Mad. base of magnesia.
See under Madam. magnet, mag'net, ., lit. magnesian stone ; the load
Madrepore, mad're-por, n. the common coral, so freely stone, an iron ore which attracts iron, and, when
suspended,
called from its being pitted or spotted. [Fr. from piece of steel to which points to the poles ; a bar or
madri, spotted, andPore, a pore.] the properties of the load
Madrigal, madn-gal, . lit. a herdsman's song; a magnetic, mag-nefik, magnetic*!,[L.mag-net'ik-al,
stone have been imparted. magnes.]
adj.,
pastoral: in music, an elaborate vocalcomposition Pertaining to the magnet; having the properties
in five or six parts. [Fr. and Sp. ; It. mddrigale, of the magnet : attractive.adv. magnet ically.
from mandra, a shecpfold, L. mandra, a stall, magnetise, mag'nct-lz, v.t., to render magnetic ; to
Or. mandra, a fold, and galan, to sing.] attract as if by a magnet.v.i. to become mag
Magazine, mag-a-zen', . lit. a storehouse; a netic '-Pr.p. magnetising ; /a./. magnetised.
receptacle for military stores; the gunpowder magnetiser, mag'net-Iz-er, one who or that
room in a ship : a pamphlet published periodic which imparts magnetism.
ally, containing miscellaneous compositions. [Fr. magnetism, mag'net-izm, . the cause of the attrac
magasin; Sp. magacen; Port, armazem; Ar. tive power ofthe magnet; attraction : the science
makhzan, from ma, place, khazana, to store up.] which treats of the properties of the magnet
Magdalen, magMa-len, ft. a reformed prostitute. magnetlst, mag'net-ist, n., one skilledin magnetism.
[said to be from Mary Magdalene of Scripture.] MagniAc, mag-nifik, MagnHral, mag-nifik-al, adj.
Maggot, mag'ut, n. a worm or grub, so called from lit. doing great things; great; splendid; illus
its rapid breeding.adj. magg'oty, full ofmag trious ; noble. [L. magnijicusmagnus, great,
gots. [W. magiaid, magiod, wormsmagu, to andfacio, to do.]
breed ; Scot, mauk, mauch; Ice. madkr, worm.] magnificent, mag-nifi-sent, adj. lit. doing great
Magi, ma'iT, n.pl.,priests of the Persians; The Wise things; grand; noble; pompous; displaying
Men of the East. [L. ; Gr. magos ; Ar. madjus ; grandeur.adv. magnificently.n. magnificence.
Pers. mag or mog, a priest] magnify, mag'ni-fl, v.t., to make great or greater :
Magian, maji-an, adj., pertaining to the Magi. to enlarge ; to increase the apparent dimensions
. one of the Magi.n. Ma'glaniam, the philo of; to exaggerate ; to praise highly :pr.p. mag'-
sophy or doctrines of the Magi, nifying ; Pa.p. mag'nified. [L. magnifico.\
magic, maj'ik, ft. lit. the science of the Magi: en magnificat, mag-nif'i-kat, . lit. it magnifies; the
chantment ; sorcery : the secret operations of ning song of the Virgin Mary, Luke i. 4655, begin
natural causes, in the Latin vulgate with this word. [L.
3d pers. sing. pres. inu. of magnifico.'\
magic, maj'ik, magical, maj'ik-al, adj.} pertaining magniloquent,
to, used in, or done by magic; imposing or grand or pompous inag-nil'o-kwent, adj., speaking in a
startling in performance.adv. magically, style ; bombastic.adv. mac-
magician, ma-jish'an, ft., one skilled in magic. nil'oquently.. magniloquence. [L. magnus,
great, loquens,
Magisterial, maj-is-tC'ri-ai, adj.,pertaining m suit magnitude, mag'ni-tud, ., pr.p. of loquor, to speak.]
able to a master; authoritative; proud; digni greatness; size ; extent ;
fied.adv. magisterially.n. magiste'rialnesi. importance. [L. magnitudomagnus, great]
[L. magtsteriusmagister, a mastermag, root Magnolia, mag-nOl'i-a, or -ya, . a species of trees of
of L. magnus, Gr. megas, great ; akin to Sans. beautiful flower and foliage found chiefly in N.
v/ah, great.] America, [named after M. MagnaI, professor of
, maj'is-trSt, ft. lit, he that makes him botany at Montpellier in France, 16381715.]
fate, far ; me, her ; mine ; mOte ; mute ; mOOn ; Men.
3^5
 Magpie
Magpie, mag'pT, n. a chattering bird, of a genus
allied to the crow, with pud or coloured feathers.
[Mag', contr. of Margaret or Maggy, a familiar
name, and L. pica, a magpie or painted one, from
pingo, pictum, to paint]
Mahogany, ma-hog'a-ni, n. a tree oftropical America ;
its wood, used in making furniture, \nialwgon,
the native South American name.]
Mahomedan, Mahometan. See tinder Mohammedan.
Maid, mad, Maiden, mad'n, . lit. a child, male or
female ; an unmarried woman, esp. a young one ;
a virgin ; a female servant,adj. pertaining to a
virgin or young woman ; consisting of maidens :
unpolluted; fresh; new; unused ; first [A.S.
trutden, meegth, Ger. magd, Goth, magaths, a
maid, magus, a boy ; Gael, maighdean, a maid,
mac, a son ; W., Bret mab, map, a son.]
maid-child, mad'-chlld, . in B., afemale child.
maiden-hair, mad'n-har, . a small, delicate, grace
ful fern, said to have got its name from the use
by maidens or women of a mucilage made from
it for stiffening the hair.
maidenhood, mad'n-hood, maidenhead, mad'n-hed,
., tltt state ofbeing a maid; virginity: purity;
freshness ; newness.
maidenly, mad'n-li, adj., maiden-like; becoming a
maiden; gentle; modest.. maidenlineai.
Mail, mal, n. lit. a spot, a mesh ; defensive armour
for the body formed of steel rings or network ;
armour generally.v.t. to clothe m mail :Pr.p,
mail'ing ; pa.p. mailed'. [Fr. maille. It. maglui,
macckiaL. macula, a spot or mesh.]
Mail, rn.il, ., a bag for the conveyance of letters,
&c. ; the contents of such a bag ; the person, or
the carriage by which the mail is conveyed.
[Fr. malle, a trunk, a mail, GaeL mala, old
Ger. mala/ut, a sack.]
Maim, mam, ., a bruise; an injury ; a lameness :
the deprivation of any essential part.v.t. to
bruise ; to disfigure ; to injure ; to lame or
cripple : to render defective '.pr.p. maim ing ;
pa.p. maimed', [old Fr. mehaing, a bruise or
defect, mihaigner, It. magagnare, to maim ;
akin to L. mancus, maimed, defective.]
malmedness, mam'ed-nes, t/ie state of being
maimed or injured.
Main, man, ., strength, might ; the chief or prin
cipal part: the ocean or main sea; a continent
or a larger island as compared "with a smaller.
adj. strong, powerful; huge; chief, principal;
first in importance ; leading.adv. main ly,
chiefly, greatly. [A.S. maegnmagan, to be
strong ; Ice. magn, tttegin, old Ger. mcgin,
strength ; akin to L. magitus, great.] See May.
main-deck, man'-dek, ., the principal deck of a
ship. So in other compounds, main'-mast, main-
Bail, main'-spring, main'-Btay, main -top, main'-yard.
mainland, manland, ., theprincipal or largerland,
as opposed to a smaller portion.
Maintain, men-tan', v.t. lit. to hold by the hand; to
keep in any state ; to keep possession of; to carry
on ; to keep up ; to support : to make good ; to
support by argument; to affirm; to defend.v.i.
to affirm, as a position ; to assert :pr.p. main
tain'ing ; pa.p. maintained'. [Fr. maintenir,
from L. manus, a hand, and tenco, to hold.]
maintainable, men-tan'a-bl, adj., able to be main
tained, supported, or defended.
maintainor, mcn-tan'er, n., one who maintains.
maintenance, man'tcn-ans, the act ofmaintain-
fate, far; me*, her; mine;
306
Llalconformation
ing, supporting, or defending; continuance; the
means of support ; defence, protection.
Maize, maz, n. a plant, and its fruit, called also
Indian corn or wheat [Sp. mats, Fr. mats,
Haitian, mahiz, mahis.]
Majesty, maj'es-ti, n.,greatness; grandeur ; dignity ;
elevation of manner or style : a title of kings and
other sovereigns. [Fr. majcsU, L. majestas
majits, magnus, great]
majestic, ma-jes'tik, adj., having or exhibiting
majesty; stately; sublime.
Major, ma'jur, adj., greater.n. a person of full
age (zi years) ; an officer in rank between a
captain and a lieutenant-colonel.Major-general,
maj'ur-gen-cr-al, n. an officer in the army next
in rank below a lieutenant-general. [L., comp.
of magma, great.]
majerate, ma'jur-at mayorship, majur-ship, n.t the
office or rank ofmajor: majority.
majority, ma-ior'i-ti, the state ofbeingmajor or
greater; the greater number; the amount be
tween the greater and the less number : full age
(at 21) : the office or rank of major.
major-domo, mS-jur-dO'mo, n. a man who holds a
superior place in a house, a steward ; a chief
minister. [Fr. majordome, Sp. mayordomo
L. major, greater, and domus, a house.]
Make, mak, v.i. to fashion, frame, or form : to pro
duce : to bring about ; to perform : to cause to be ;
to force : to render ; to turn ; to occasion : to bring
into any state or condition : to establish : to pre
pare : to obtain : to ascertain : to arrive in sight
of, to reach : in B., to be occupied with, to do.
v.i. to tend or move: to contribute: in B., to
feign or pretend :pr.p* making ; Pad. and
pa.p. made.Make away, to put out of the way,
to destroy :for, to move toward ; to tend to
the advantage of, so in B. :of, to understand
by; to effect; to esteem:oat, to discover; to
prove ; to furnish ; to succeed :over, to trans
fer :up to, to approach ; to become friendly :
up for, to compensate. [A.S. macian, Dutch,
maken, Ger. machen, conn, with A.S. and Goth.
magan, Sans, mah, to be great, and mag, root
of H. magnus, Gr. megas, great]
make, mak, n. form or shape ; structure, texture.
maker, mak'6r, . , one who makes : The Creator.
make-shift, muk'-shift, ., that wliich serves a shift
or turn; a temporary expedient.
make-weight, mak'-wat, n. that which is thrown into
a scale to make up the weight; something oflittle
value added to supply a deficiency.
Malachite, mal'a-kit, n. carbonate of copper, a hard
stone of a beautiful green colour admitting of a
fine polish. [Fr., from Gr. malaclu, a mallow,
a plant of a green colour.]
Maladjustment, mal-ad-just/ment, tu, a bador wrong
adjustment. [L. maius, bad, and adjustment.]
Maladministration, mal-ad-min-is-tra'shun, ., bad
ailministration ; bad management esp. ofpublic
affairs. [L. mains, bad, and administration,]
Malady, mal'a-di, n., illness; disease, bodily or
menial. [Fr. maladieL. male, ill, aptus, fit-]
Malapert, mal'a-pert, adj., badly pert; saucy;
impudent.adv. mal'apertly,n. mal'apertaess.
[L. male, badly, and Pert]
Malaria, ma-lu'ri-a, ., bad air; the noxious exhal
ations of marshy districts, producing fever, &c. ;
miasma.adjs. malarious, malarial. [It, from
mala aria, L. maim, bad, and aer, air.]
Malconformation, mal-kon-for-ma'shun, ., bad con-
mote ; mute ; mOOn ; Men.
 Malcontent mankind
formation or form ; imperfection or dispropor Malmsey, maWze, n. a sort of grape ; a strong and
tion of parts. [L. malus, bad, and conformation.] sweet wine, [low Ger. maimasier, malmesicn;
Malcontent, Malecontent, maliton-tent, adj., ill con Sp. malvasia, from Malvasia in the Morca.]
tent; discontented, dissatisfied, esp. in political Malt, mawlt, n. lit, thativhich is meltedordissolved';
matters.. one who is discontented. [L. male, barley or other grain steeped in water, fermented,
ill, and Content. Jn. malconteat'edneM. and dried in a kiln.v.t. to make into malt.
Male, m3l, adj., masculine ; pertaining to the sex v.i. to become malt :pr.p. malt'ing ; Pa.p.
that begets (not bears) young : in bot., bearing malt'ed.adj. containing or made with malt.
stamens.u. one of the male sex : a he-animal : [A.S. mealt, malt ; Ger. malz; Ice. malt, from
a stamen-bearing plant, [old Fr. masle, Fr. maltster, melta, to dissolve, rot.]
tn&U, L. masciilus, malemas, maris, a male.] mawlr/ster, n. , one whose trade or occupa
Malediction, mal-e-dik'shun, evil sneaking- ; tion it is to make malt.
denunciation of evil ; curse ; execration or impre Maltreat, mal-trfit', v.t., to treat ill; to abuse ; to
cation. [L. maledictiomaUdico, to speak ill use roughly or unkindly.n. maltreat'ment.
ofmale, badly, and dico, to speak.] [L. male, ill, and Treat.]
Malefactor, mal'e'-fak-tur, n.t an evil-doer; a Malvaeeous. See under Mallow.
criminal. [L. male, badly, and /actor, a doer Malversation, mal-ver-sfi'shun, evil conduct;
facio, tomal-eviolent,
Malevolent, do.] adj., wishing evil; ill- mean or fraudulent artifices; corruption in office.
[Fr. ; from L. male,
disposed towards others ; envious ; malicious. to turn or occupy one's self.] badly, and versor, versalus,
adv. malevolently.n. malevolence. [L. male- Mamalnke, mam'a-lCDk, Mameluke, rnam'e-IcTOk, n.
> votensmale, badly, volens, pr.p. ofvolo,to wish. ] one of a military force in Egypt of Circassian
Malformation, mal-for-m&'shun, bad or wrong slaves, massacrea in 1S11. [Ar. mamluk, a pur
formation; irregular or anomalous formation. chased slave, from mttlaka, to possess.]
1 1 .. malus, bad, and formation.]
Malice, m.-iTis, n. lit. badnessso in B. ; ilVwin ; Mamma, mam-ma, n., motherused chiefly by
spite ; disposition to harm others ; deliberate vtamme, breast, [L.
young children. mamma, the breast ; Dutch,
mother : a repetition of ma, the
mischief. [Fr. ; L. malitiamalus, bad.]
malicious, ra&-Hsh'yu&, adj.,full ofmalice; bearing mammal, mam'al, n. in naturally
syllabic a child first utters.]
zoot., an animal that suckles
ill-will or spite ; prompted by hatred or ill-will ; its young.//, mammal*, mam'alz. [L. mam
with mischievous intentions.adv. maliciously. ma/is, belonging to the breastmamma.}
n. malk-'ioauKsii.
Malign, ma-lTn', adj. lit. of a bad kind; of an evil class of mammals.adj. mammalian, the whole
mammalia, mam-mali-a, n.pl. in tool.,
nature or disposition towards others; malicious; mammalogy, mam-mal'o-ji, n. the science which re
unfavourable.v.t. orig. to treat "with malice ; lates to mammals, [mammal, and logos* discourse.]
to speak evil of :pr.p. mallgn'ing ; Pa.p, ma mammlfer, mam'i-fer, n. an animal having breasts
ligned'.adv. malignly.n. malign cr. [L. ma
ltgnus, for maligenusmalus, bad, and genus, or Paps.adj. mammlf erone. [L. mamma,
breast, andfero, to bear.]
kind. Sec Genus.]
iialignant, ma-lig/nant, adj., malign, acting ma mammUlary, resembling
mam'il-lar-i, adj., pertaining to or
the paps. {L. mamilla, dim- of
liciously; actuated by extreme enmity; tending mamma, breast.]
to destroy life.. one of the adherents of the mammlllated, mam'il-1.1t-ed, adj.. having small
Stuart line, so called by the opposite party. nipples or paps, or little globes like nipples.
adv. maiig/nantly.n. malignancy, stateorquality Mammon, mam'un, n. riches ; the god of riches.
of being malignant. [L. malignans, pr.p. of [L. mammona ; Syriac, mamo'nd.)
maligna, to act maliciously.] mammonlst, mam'im-ist, n. one devoted to mam-
malignity, ma-lig'ni-ti, ., quality ofbeingmalign ; mon or riches
extreme malevolence : virulence; deadly quality. ; a worldling.
Mall, mat, n. a large wooden beetle or hammer.- Mammoth, mam'uth, n. an extinct species of
v.t. to beat with a mall or something heavy ; to elephant, so called because believed by the Tar
bruise :Pr.p. maH'ing ; /./. mailed'. [Fr. tars to have worked its way in the earth like a
mail; It. maglio, malleo; L. malleus.] mole.adj. resembling the mammoth in size ;
mall, mal or mel, n. orig. a walk for playing in with very large. [Kuss. mamonl, mamant, from
malls or mallets and balls ; a level shaded walk ; Tartar, mamma, the earth,]
walk, adj., that may be malleated Man, man, n. (pi. men1 lit. the being tluxt thinks; a
a publicmal'6-a-bl,
malleable, human being; mankind; a grown-up male: a
or beaten out by hammering.ns. malTeableness, male attendant ; a husband : a piece used in play
malleabil'lty, quality of being malleable. ing chess or draughts.v.t. to supply with men ;
malleate, mal'fi-5t, v.t., to hammer; to extend by to strengthen or fortify :pr.p. mann'ing ; pa.p.
hammering :fr.p. mall'cating ; Pa.p. mall'fiiitca. manned. [A.S., Ger., Goth, man; Ice. madhr
n. mails* tian. fobs. I* malleo, tnallcatum.] for mannr; Sans, manuman, to think.]
mallet, mal'et, a little mall; a wooden hammer. man-child. man'-chTld, n., a male child.
[dim. of Mall.] manful, man'fool, adj., full of manliness; bold;
Mallard, mal'ard, n. a drake ; the common duck in courageous.adv. man'folly.n. man'falneat.
its wild state. [Fr. malartmdle, male, and manhood, manTiood, n., state of being a man;
suflix, ard.] manly quality ; human nature,
Hallow, mal'O, Mallows, mal'flz, . a plant having manikin, manl-kin, n. orig. a little man; a paste
soft downy leaves and relaxing properties. board model, exhibiting the different parts and
organs of the human body. [Man, and dim. kiti.]
[A.S. mealive, malu; Ger. malve ; L. malva ; man-of-war, man-of-wawr', *. a ship mannedfor
Gr. malache, from malassd, to make soft.]
malvaecons, mal-va'shi-us, adj. iabot.,pertainingto mankind, war: inman-kind',
B., a warrior,
mallows. n., the kind or race ofman.
fate, fir ; me, her ; mine ; mOtc ; ; mCOn ; then.
 manly
manly, manli, adj., manlike ; becoming a man ;
brave : dignified ; noble ; pertaining to manhood ;
not childish or womanish.n. manlinen,
manslaughter, man'slaw-ter, n.,thestayingofa man ;
in law, the killing of any one unlawfully, but
without premeditation. [Kan, and Slaughter. ]
manalayer, man'sla-er, n., one who stays a man.
Manacle, man'a-kl, n. an iron handcuff.v.t. to
Eut manacles on ; to restrain the use of the
mbs or natural powers :pr.p. manacling ;
Pa.p. man'acled. [L. manicuia, dim. of manica,
a sleevemanus, the hand.]
Manage, man'ajj v.t. lit. to govern with the hand;
to conduct with economy ; to control ; to wield ;
to handle ; to have under command ; to contrive ;
to train, as a horse.v.i. to conduct affairs:
pr.p. managing; Pa.p. man'aged.n. manager.
[Fr. manage, the managing of a horse, manager,
to manage ; It. maneggiare, to handleL.
manus, the hand : or from L. mansio, a mansion,
housemaneo, to remain.]
manageable, man'aj-abl, adj., that can be man
aged; governable.n. man agcablencss.
management, man'aj-ment, n., act of managing;
manner of directing or using anything ; adminis
tration ; skilful treatment,
manege, man-arh', n. , the managing of horses ; the
art of horsemanship or of training horses; a
riding-school. * the hand; clear ; apparent ; evident.adv. man
Mandarin, man-da-ren\ n. a Chinese commander
or governor of a province ; the court language
of China. [Port, mandarimmandar, L,
mando, to command. Sec next word.]
Mandate, man'd5t, n. lit. something put into ones
hands; a charge; an authoritative command; a
rescript ofthe Pope. [L. majidatum, from ntando
manus, the hand, and do, to give.]
mandatary,
one to man'da-tar-i,
whom a mandatemandatory,
is given.man'da-tor-i,
mandatory, man'da-tor-i, adj.f containing a man
date or command ; preceptive ; directory.
Mandible, man'di-bl, n. lit. that which chews: in
cool., a jaw.adj. mandib ular, relating to the
jaw. [L. mandOmlantando, to chew.]
Mandrake, man'drak, n. a narcotic plant. [A.S.
mandragora; L. and Gr. tnandragoras.]
Mandrel, man'drel, n. the revolving shank to which
turners fix their work in the lathe. [Fr. tnan-
drin ; prob. from Gr. mandra, an enclosed space.]
Man*, man, n. the long hair flowing from the neck
of some quadrupeds, as the horse and lion. [Ice.
mon; W. mwng; Ger. mahne.]
Manege. See under Manage.
Manful, &c. See under Man.
Manganese, mang-ga-ncz', n. a dusky white or
whitish-gray metal, very difficult to fuse, so called
from itslikeness to the magnet.adj. mangane'-
tan, [L. manganesiamagnet, a magnet.]
Mange, miry, n. the scab or itch which eats the
skin of domestic animals. [Fr. manger, to eat ;
L. manduco, mando, to chew, to eat.]
manger, manj'er, n. an eating-tiovgh for horses and
cattle.
mangy, manj'i, infected with mange; scabby.
n, mang'iness.
Mangel-wurzel, mang'gl-wur-zl, Mangold-wurcel.
mang'gold-wur-zl, . lit. beet-root; a plant of
the beet kind. [Ger. mangold, red beet, and
wurzel, root]
Manger. Sec under Mange.
fate, far ; me, hex ; mine ;
303
' Manner
Mangle, mang'gl, v. t. , to render maimed or imper
fect; to cut and bruise; to tear in cutting; to
mutilate ; to take by piecemeal ipra}. mang -
ling; pa.p. mangled.ft. mangier. [Ger. man
ge)n, to be wanting ; low Ger. mank, deficient,
mutilated ; Ice. mtnka, to lessen ; allied to L.
mancus, maimed, Sans, manak, deficient.]
Mangle, mang'gl, n. lit the axis of a pmUf ; a
calender for smoothing linen. v.t. to smooth
with a mangle; to calender:pr.p. mang/line;
Pa.p. mang'led.n. mangier. [Ger. and Dutch,
mangel; It. mangano, a calender ; Gr. man-
gation, the axis of a pully.]
Mango, mang'gtf. n. the fruit of the mango-tree, of
the East Indies ; a green musk-melon pickled.
[Malay, mangga.]
Mangrove, man'grov, n. a tree of the E. and W.
Indies, whose bark is used for tanning. [Malay.]
Mangy. See under Mange.
Manhood. See under Man.
Mania, m2'ni-a, n. lit mentalexcitement, rage; ex
cessive or unreasonable desire ; violent madness ;
insanity. [L. mania, Gr. mania, from maitto-
mai, to rageroot man, to think.]
maniac, ma'ni-ak, ., one affected with mania; a
madman.adj. maniacal.
Manifest, man'i -fest, adj. lit touched or grasped by
ifestly.n. manifestoes*, state ofbeing manifest.
[L. manifestusmanus, the hand, and festus,
pa.p. of obs.fendo, to dash against.]
manifest, man'i-fest, v.t., to make manifest; to
shew plainly ; to put beyond doubt ; to reveal or
declare :Pr.p. manifesting ; pa.p. man'ifestcd.
[L. manifesto, manifestatum.]
manifest, man'i-fest, n. a list or invoice of a ship's
cargo to be exhibited at the custom-house.
manifestable, man-i-fest'a-bl, manlfestible, man-i-
fest'i-bl, adj., that can be manifested.
manifestation, man-i-fest-5'shun, act of mani
festing or disclosing ; display; revelation.
manifesto, man-i-fest'o, . a manifested or public
written declaration of the intentions of a sove
reign or state. [It.]
Manifold, man'i-fold, adj. lit ofmanyfolds ; various
in kind, or quality ; many in number ; multiplied.
adv. manifoldly. [Many, and Fold.]
Manikin. Sec under Man.
Maniple, man'i-pt, n. lit. ahandful; a small band of
soldiers : a kind of scarf worn by a R. Cath.
priest on the left arm, a stole.adj. manlp alar.
[L. maniputusmanus, the Itand, pieo, to fill.]
manipulate, ma-nip'O-lat, v.t, to work with the
hands.v.i. to use the hands, csp. in scientific
experiments \pr.p. manipulating ;Pa.p. manip
ulated, [low L. manipu/o, mantpulatum.}
manipulation, ma-nip-u-lashun, act of manipu
lating or working by hand ; use of the hands,
in a skilful manner, in science or art.
manipulative, ma-nip'O-lat-iv, manipulatory, ma-
nip'Q-la-tor-i, adj. done by manipulation.
manipulator, ma-nip'Q-l.U-ur, ., one who manipu
lates or works with the hand.
Mankind, Manliness, Manly. See under Man.
Manna, man'a, n. the food supplied to the Israel
ites in the wilderness of Arabia ; a sweetish ex
udation from many trees, as the ash of Sicily.
[Heb. man hut what is itf]
Manner, man'cr, . the way in which anything U
handled; way of performing anything ; method :
mote ; mute ; mCJon ; Men.
 mannerism marmoraceous
fashion : peculiar deportment ; habit ; custom : into a form suitable for usc.v.i. to be occupied
style of writing or thought ; sort ; style : in pi. in manufactures :pr.p. manufacturing ; pa.p.
morals : behaviour ; deportment ; respectful de manufactured.. the process of manufactur
portment.In a manner, to a certain degree.In ing ; anything manufactured.adj. manufact'ural.
or with the manner, in B., in
manieremain, L. manus, the hana.]the very act. [Fr. [Fr. ; L. manus, the hand, andfactura, a making,
fromfacio,factum, to make.]
mannerism, man'er-izm, ft., sameness of manner ; manufacturer, man-u-fakt'ur-cr, n.t one who manu
a tasteless uniformity ; a peculiar mode of action. factures.
n. mann'erUt, one addicted to mannerism* manufactory, man-Q-fakt'or-i, ., afactory orplace
mannerly, man'er-li, adj., shelving good-manners ; where goods are manufactured.
decent in deportment ; complaisant; not rude. Manumit, man-Q-mit', v.t. lit. to send away or free
adv., with good-manners ; civilly ; respectfully; from one's hand or power ; to release from
without rudeness.n. mann'erUnesi. slavery ; to free, as a slave :pr.p. manumitting ;
Manoeuvre, ma-nOo'ver, or ma-mY, n. lit. hand- pa.p. manumitr/ed. [L. manumittomanus,
work; dexterous management; stratagem; an the hand, and mittot missum, to send.]
adroit movement in military or naval tactics. manumission, man-fi-mish'un, act of manumit
v.t., to work with the hand; to perform a ma ting or freeing from slavery.
noeuvre ; to manage with art '.pr.p. manoeu'- Manure, man-uYt v.t. orig. to work with the hand
vring; pa.p. manceu'vred.. manoeu'vrer. [Fr. or till ; to enrich with any fertilising substance :
main, L. manus, the hand, and ocuvre, L. -pr.p. manuVing ; Pa.p. manured'.n. any sub
opera, work.] stance, as dung, used for manuring.n. manur'er.
Manor, man'or, n. lit. a place for remaining or manuring, [Fr. manauvrert from root of Manoeuvre.]
dwelling in ; the land belonging to a nobleman, dressing manuring, ., act of manuring; a
or spreading of manure on land.
or so much as he formerly kept for his own use ;
jurisdiction of a court baron. [Fr. manoir, low Manuscript, man'u-skript, adj., written by thehand.
L. tnaneriummaneo, mansum, to stay.] n. a book or paper written by the hand. [L.
manor-house, man'or-hous, manor-ieat, man'or-se"t, manus, the hand, and scribo, scriptum, to write.]
. the house or seat belonging to a manor. Manx, manks, n. the language of the Isle of Man,
manorial, ma-nO'ri-al, adj.,pertaining to a manor. a dialect of the Celtic.-^-adj. pertaining to the
manse, mans, n. lit. house orplace/ordwelling in ; Isle of Man or its inhabitants.
the house ofa clergyman (Scot.). [Norm, manse ; Many, men'i, adj. (comp. more (mOr) ; superl.
old Fr. mas, house, low L. mansa, massa.]
mansion, man'shun, n. lit. a resting-place, so in meet (most), comprising a great or mixednumber
of individuals; not few; numerous.. many
B. ; a house, esp. one of some sue ; a manor- persons; a great number; the people. [A.S.
house. [L. mansio.] manig, Goth, manags ; Fr. maint.]
mansion-home, man'shun-hous, ., a mansion ; the Map,
official residence of the Lord Mayor of London. the map, n. lit. a napkin ; a representation of
surface of the earth, or of part of it on any
[Mansion, and House.] plane surface ; a representation of the celestial
Manslaughter. Sec under Man. sphere.v.t. to draw, as the figure ofany portion
Mantel, man'tl, n. the mantle or covering of a of land : to describe clearly :pr.p. mapping ;
chimney or fireplace ; a narrow shelf or slab /.(./. mapped'. [L. mappa, napkin, signal-cloth,
above a fireplace : also man'tel-piece, man'tel- a Punic word.]
thalf. [same as Mantle. ] Maple, ma'pl, n. a tree of several species, from one
mantelet. See mantlet under. of which, the rock-maple, sugar is made. [A.S.
mantle, man'tl, n. a covering; a kind of cloak or mapul-dre, maple-tree.]
loose outergarment : incool., the skin ofamollusk. Mar, mar, v.t. lit. to hinder; to injure by cutting
v.t. to cover, as with a mantle ; to hide ; to dis
guise. v.t. to expand or spread like a mantle ; to off a partj or by wounding ; to damage ; to inter
rupt ; todisfigure '.pr.p. marring ; Pa.p. marrea'.
revel ; tojoy ; to froth ; to rush to the face and im [A.S. mirran, myrran; perh. akin toL. marceo,
part a crimson glow, as blood :-^r.p. man'tling ; Gr. maraind, to wither.]
Pa.p. mantled. [A.S. mentel; Ger. man/el; Fr. Maranatha, mar-a-na'tha or mar-a-nath'a, n. lit.
manteau; It. mantello; L. manlellum.] the Lord cometh or has come to take vengeance,
mantling, man'tling, n. in her., the representation part of a curse among the Jews. [Syriac]
of a mantle, or the drapery of a coat-of-arms. Maraud, ma-rawd', v.i. lit. to wander; to rove in
mantlet, man'tlet, mantelet, man'tel-et, ., a little quest of plunder:pr.p. marauding; Pa.p. ma-
mantle; a small cloak for women: in fori., a
movable parapet to protect pioneers, [dim. of raud'ed. [Fr. marauder, from maraud, rogue ;
old Fr. marrir, to stray.]
Mantle.]
mantua, man'tu-a, n. a lady's cloak or mantle; a marauder, ma-rawd'er, ., one who marauds or
roves in quest of booty or plunder.
lady's gown.n. m&ntoa-maker, a maker of Marble, maVbl, n. lit. the sparkling stone ; any
mantuas or ladies' dresses. [Fr. manteau, It. species of limestone taking a high polish ; that
manto: or from Mantua, in Italy.]
Manual, man'O-al, adj., pertaining to the hand; a little ball usedof by
which is made marble, as a work of art, or
done, made, orused by the hand.adv. manually. of marble ; veined likeboys in play.adj. made
marble : hard : insensible.
[L. manualismanus, the hand.]
mm*?*1, man'Cl-al, n. a small book that may be bling ;Pa.p. mar'bled.n. mar bier. :/r./.
v.t. to stain or vein like marble mar
[Fr. marbre;
carried in the hand, a hand-book ; the scrvicc- W.marmo; L. marmor ; Gr. marmaros, from
book of the Roman Catholic Church. marmatrd, to sparkle, Hash.]
Manufactory. Sec under Manufacture. marbly, mar'bli, adv., in tlie manner ofmarble.
Manufacture, man-Q-fakt'Qr, v.t., to make by the marmoraceous, mar-mo-ri'shc-us, adj., belonging to
hand; to make from raw materials by any means, or like marble, [from L. marmor, marble.]
fate, far ; mC, her ; mine ; mCte ; mute ; mCCn ; then.
 marquess
>, mar-mO're-an, sign ; to take notice of; to regard.v.i. to take
adj., belonging or like marble; made of particularnotice \pr.p. marking ,Pa.fi. marked'.
marble. [L. mc n. marker. [A.S. mearc, Gcr. mark, Fr.
mar-scs'ent, adj. in hot., withering, margue, It. marta, Goth, maria, boundary;
Sans, marga, a road, searchntarg, to trace out.]
decaying. [L. marcescens, -cutis, pr.p. of mar- mark, mark, n. orig. a certain weight marked off;
cescomarceo, akin to Sans, mlat, to fade.] an obsolete English coin = 13s. 40. ; a silver coin
maxeascible, mar-sesl-bl, adj., liable to wither. of Hamburg = is. 4d.
March, march, n. the third month ofthe year, named marking-ink, marklng-ingkv *. indelible ink, used
from Mars, the god ofwar. [L. Martius (mentis, for marking clothes,
a month), belonging to Mars.]
March, march, n. a border ; frontier ofa territory ; mark; one who shoots well. good
marksman, marks'man, ., one at hitting a
[Mark, and Man.]
used chiefly in Pi. mirch'M. [same as Mark.] Market, maVket, n. lit aplacefor merchandise;
march, march, v.i. lit. to go to the boundary ; to a public place for the purposes of buying and
move in order, as soldiers ; to walk in a grave or
stately manner.v.t. to cause to march :pr.p. sellingvalue.v.L ; the time for the market : sale ; rate of
marching ; Pa.fi. marched'.. lit. a going to the sale;and sell
to deal at a market; to buy
iPrp. marketing ; Pa.p. marketed.
boundary; the movement of troops ; regular ad
vance ; a piece of music fitted for marching to ; [Dutch, and Ger. marki, Fr. marthe". It. mer-
the distance passed over. [Fr. marcher; It. cato, L. mercatusmerx, merchandise.]
maVket-abl, adj., Jitfor the market;
marciare; from old Fr. marthe, boundary: or
from Celt, march, a horse : or from Fr. marque, . markct-kros, /:., a cross anciently set
a mark or footprint.] up where a market was held.
Marchioness, maVshun-es, n.,/em. of Marqnia.
Mare, mar, ., thefemale ofthe horse. [A.S. mare, privilege ofmar
market-town, ket-town, n., a town having the
myrt ; mear, a horse; Gcr. mahre; Ice. mar, Marl, marl, n. holding a fat
a public market.
or rich earth or clay often used
W. march, a horse.] as manure.v.t. to cover or manure with marl :
Maraachal, mar'shal, same as Marshal.
Margin, maVjin, n.y an edge, border; the blank pr.p. marring ; Pa.p. marled', [old Fr. marie,
L. marga, W. marl, Ir. and Gael, marla.]
edge on the page of a book. [Fr. marge; It. marlaceou, marl-ft'shus, adj., having the qualities
margine ; L. marge, margints.] ofor resembling marl.
marginal, maVjin-al, adj., pertaining to a margin; marllta, ruarlit, . a variety 3/* marl. adj. mar-
placed in the margin.adv. mar ginally, Us'le.
marginata, maVjin-at, marginated, maVjin-at-ed, marly, marll, adj., having the qualities ofor re
adj., having a margin. [L. marginatus, pa.p. sembling marl; abounding in marl.
of margino, to border.]
Margrave, mar'grav, n. orig. a lardor keeper ofthe or winding round akind
Marline, marlin, . a of small line for binding
rope.v.t. marline, marlin,
marches ; a German nobleman of the same rank
as an English marquis.-fern. Margravine, mar'- marl, [Dutch,
marl, to bind or wind round with marline.
marlijn, meerlingmarrtn, to bind,
gra-ven. [Fr. ; Cer. markgrafmark, a border, and lijn, lien, a line or rope.] 1
and graf, a count.] See March, a border. marline-spike, rnarlin-spik, n, an iron tool, like a
Marigold, marl-gold, n. lit. Mary's gold} a plant spike, for separating the strands of a rope.
bearing a yellow flower. [from the virgin Mary, Marmalade, inar'ma-ted, n. a jam or preserve gene
and Gold, because of its yellow colour.] rally of oranges, orig. ofquinces. [Port, marjne-
Marina, ma-rcn', adj., of or belonging to the sea; ladamarmilo, a quince, L. melimelum, Gr.
done at sea ; representing the sea ; near the sea.
. a soldier serving on shipboard ; the whole a quincemelt, honey, melon, an apple.]
navy ofa country or state ; naval affairs. [L. mar-
inus, frommart, thesea; akin to Sans, vAri,water.] Marmoraceoua, Marmoreal, &c. See under 2
mariner, marl-ner, n. a seaman or sailor; one who Marmoset,
monkey.
maVmo-zet, n. asmall variety ofAmerican
[Fr. marmouset, dim. of Marmot]
assists in navigating ships,
marlah, marlsh, . in B., same as Marsh, Marmot, marmot, n, lit the mountain-mouse, a
maritime, marVtim, adj., Pertaining to the sea; rodent animal, about the size of a rabbit, which
relating to navigation or naval affairs ; situated inhabits the higher parts ofthe Alps and Pyrenees.
near the sea ; having a navy and naval com [Fr. marmotte, It marmotta, marmontana,
merce. [L. maritimus.] from L. mus montanus, mountain-mouse.]
Marital, marl-tal, adj., Pertaining to a husband. Maroon, ma-roon', adj. brownish crimson like the
[L. maritalismarttus, ahusbandmas, maris, chestnut, [Fr. marron, a chestnut, Gr. maroon. )
a male.] Maroon, ma-roUn', n. a fugitive slave living on the
Maritime. See under Marine. mountains, in the W. Indies.v.t. to put oa
Marjoram, maVjo-ram, n. an aromatic plant used as shore on a desolate island \~pr.p. marooning ;
a seasoning in cookery. [Gcr. majoran, meiran ; Pa.p. marOoned'. [Fr. marron, Sp. cimarrvn,
Fr. marjolaine; low L. majorata ; L. amaracus; wildcima, a mountain-summit]
Gr. amarakos; Ax. maryamych.] Marque, mark, n. a licence to pass the marches or
Mark, mark, n. lit. that which is used in tracing limits of a country to make captures; a ship
out anything ; a visible sign ; any object serving commissioned for making captures. [Fr., from
as a guide ; that by which anything is known ; root of March: but acc. to Wedgwood, a letter
badge: a trace; proof; any visible effect; of marque = orig. a letter allowing a market or
symptom ; a thing aimed at ; a character made mart for the disposal of prizes captured.]
by one who cannot write : distinction.v.t. to marquee, mar-ke", n. a large field tent
make a mark on anything : to impress with a marque*!, markwes, marquis, maVkwis, h. orig. an
fate, far ; me, her ; mine ; mOte ; mate ; muon ; Men.
 marquisate
officer who guarded the marches or frontiers of
a kingdom ; a title of nobility next below that of
a duke. /cm. mar'cbioneii. [Fr., It. marchese.]
marquisate, marTtwis-St, ft., the dignity or lordship
ofa marquis.
Marriage. See under Marry.
Marrow, rnar'rO, ?:., the soft, fatty matter in the
cavities of the bones ; the pith of certain plants ;
the essence, or best part.at/j. marrowy. [A.S.
meark. Ice. mergr, Dan. marg, Ger. mark;
A.S. meant, Dutch, murw, soft. Ice. mSr, fat.]
marrow-bone, mar'rO-bOn, ., a bone containing
marrow.
marrowish, ma/rC-ish, adj., of the nature of or
resembling marrow.
Marry, marYi, v.t. tit. to Provide -with a male; to
take for husband or wife ; to unite in matrimony.
v.i. to enter into the married state ; to take a
husband or a wife '.pr.p. marrying ; pa.p.
married. [Fr. marier, L. maritomaritus, a
husbandmas, maris, a male.]
marriage, mar'rij, n.t the act ofmarrying' or state
ofbeingmarried; the ceremony by which a man
and woman become husband and wife.
marriageable, marrij-abl, adj., suitable for mar
riage ; capable of union.n. mar riageablenesi.
Marsala, mar-si 1a, n. a tight wine resembling
sherry, from Marsala in Sicily.
Harsh, marsh, . a tract of low wet land; a morass,
swamp, or fen.adj. pertaining to wet or boggy
places. [A.S. mersc, Dutch, maerasch, maer-
schemaer, old Fr. mare, E. mere, a collection
of water, allied to L. mare, the sea.] See Marine.
marshy, marsh'i, adj.,pertaining to orproducedin
marshes; abounding in marshes.n. marsh'lness.
Marshal, mar shal, n. lit and orig. an officer who
had the care ofhorses; a title of honour applied
to the holder of various high offices ; the chief
officer who regulated combats in the lists ; a mas
ter of ceremonies ; a herald ; in France, an officer
of the highest military rank,v.t. to arrange in
order ; to lead, as a herald '.Pr.p. ma/shaHing ;
pa.p. marshalled, [old Fr. mareschal, Ger. mar-
schallmdhre, a horse, schalh, a servant.]
ntarthaUer, mar'shalrer, n., one who marshals or
arranges in order.
marshaUhip, marshal-ship, n.t office ofmarshal.
Marsupial, mar-su'pi-al, adj. carrying young in a
Pouch.. a marsupial animal. [JL. marsupium,
Gr. marsupion, a pouch.]
Mart, mart, n.t a market or place of trade, [a
contraction of Market.]
Martello, mar-teTo, n. a circular fort erected to
protect a coast, so called because warning was
given of the approach of a pirate-ship by striking
on a bell with a hammer. [It. martelloL.
martulus, marculus, dim. ofmarcus, a hammer.]
Marten, maVten, n. a destructive kind of weasel
valued for its fur. [A.S. mearth, Fr. marte, L.
martes.]
Martial, maVshal, adj., belonging to Mars, the
god of war ; belonging to war ; warlike ; brave.
adv. martially. [L. martialisMars, Martis.]
Martin, martin, Martinet, maVtin-et, n. a bird of
the swallow kind, [named after St Martin.]
Martinet, mar'tin-et, n. a strict disciplinarian.
[from Martinet, a very strict officer in the army
of Louis XIV. of France.]
Martingale, mar'tin-gat, or -gal, Martlngal, m.'ir'tiu-
gal, n, a strap fastened to a horse's girth to hold
fate, far; mi, her; mine;
Mass
his head down ; in ships, a short spar under the
bowsprit. [Fr., Sp., 1L tnartingala, hose.]
Martinmas, martin-mas, n. the mass or feast ofSt
Martin; nth November.
Martlet, martlet, same as Martin.
Martyr, maVter, n. one who by his death bears
witness to the truth ; one who suffers for his
belief.v.t. to put to death for one's belief:
Pr.p. martyring; pa.p. mar'tyred. [A.S., L.,
Gr., a witness.]
martyrdom, maTtcr-dum, n., the state of being a
martyr; the sufferings or death of a martyr.
martyrology, mar-ter-ol'o-ji, a history of mar
tyrs; a discourse on martyrdom.n. maxtyr-
ol'oglrt. [Busrtyr, and Gr. logos, a discourse.]
Marvel, marVel, a wonder; anything astonish
ing or wonderful.v.i. to wonder ; to feel
astonishment :pr.p. marvelling ; Pa.p. mar'-
velled. [Fr. merveille, It. maravigtia, L.
mirabilis, wonderful miror, to wonder.]
marvellous, maVvel-us, adj., earning one to marvel;
astonishing ; beyond belief ; improbable.adv.
marvellously.n. maTvtUouinen.
Mary-bud, ma'ri-bud, n. the marigold.
Masculine, mas'ku-lin, adj., male ; having the
qualities of a man ; resembling a man : robust ;
bold : expressing the male gender.adv. msaf-
cullnely.. rnaa'culineness. [L. masculinus
masculus, malemas, a male.]
Mash, mash, v. t. to beat into a mixed mass ; to
bruise : in brewing, to mix malt and hot water
together '.pr.p. mash'ing; pa.p. mashed'.n.
a mixture of ingredients beaten together ; in
brewing, a mixture of malt and hot water.
[Gad. mcasg, Ger. maischen, meischen, L.
misceo, to mix.] See Mix.
maahy, niash'i, adj. of the nature of a mash.
Mask, Masque, mask, n. lit. anythingcausing laugh
ter; anything disguising or concealing the face :
anything that disguises ; a pretence ; a masquer
ade ; a dramatic performance in which the actors
appear masked.v.t. to cover the face with a
mask; to disguise; to hide.v.L to join in a
mask or masquerade ; to be disguised in any
way; to revel :Pr.p. mask'ing; pa.p. masked.
[Fr. masque. Port, mascara, At. maskarah, an
object of laughtersakkira, to laugh.]
masker, mask'er, n., one who wears a mask.
masquerade, mask-er-ad', n. an assembly of persons
wearing masks, generally at a ball; disguise.
v.t. to put into disguise.v.i. to join in a mas
querade ; to go in disguise :-~pr.p. masquerad'-
ing ; pa.p. masqueraded. [Fr. mascarade.]
masquerader, mask-er-ad'er, ., one wearinga mask;
one disguised.
Mason, ina'sn. ., one who cuts, prepares, and lays
stones; a builder in stone: a freemason. [Fr.
macon, low L. machioold Ger. meitzan, Ger.
meissetn, to cut ; also given from L. marcus, a
hammer: and from L. machina, a machine.)
masonic, ma-son'ik, adj., relating tofreemasonry.
masonry, ma'sn-ri, the craft of a mason; the
work of a mason ; the art of building in stone i
freemasonry.
Masque, Masquerade, Sec. See under Mask.
Mass, mas, that which is pressed together; a
lumpofmatter ; aquantity ; a collected body ; the
gross body ; magnitude ; the principal part or
main body ; quantity of matter in any body. v.t.
to form into a mass ; to assemble in masses :
mote; mute; mOOn; then.
3**
 massive
- pr.p. massing ; pes.p. massed'. [Fr. masse, L.
massa, Gr. maxamassd, to squeeze together.]
massive, mas'iv, adj. , /S* a wrajf ; bulky ; weighty.
adv. maaB'ivcly.m. mass lveness.
massy, mas'i, <K*y., massive.. mass'lneas.
Mass, mas, . the celebration of the Lord's Supper
in R. Oath. Churches. [Fr. messe, It. messa,
Sp. misa, from the Latin words missa est concio,
the congregation is dismissed, said at the close.J
Massacre, mas'a-ker, . indiscriminate killing or
slaughter, esp. with cruelty ; carnage.p./. to
kill with violence and cruelty ; to slaughter :
pr.p. massacring; Pa,p. mass'acred. [Fr. ; low
L. massacrium, maxacrium, from Ger. metz-
ger, a butchermetzen, to hew, meizan, to cut.]
Massive, Massy, &c. See under Hill.
Mast, mast, n. a long upright pole for sustaining
the yards, rigging, &c. in a ship.v.t. to supply
with a mast or masts '.pr.p. mast'ing ; pa.p.
masr'ed. [A.S. mast, Ger. mast, Fr. mkt.\
Blast, mast, n. the fruit ofthe oak, beech, and other
forest trees, on which swine feed; nuts, acorns.
[A.S. maste, Ger. mastmasIen, Dutch mes-
ten, to feed. Compare Heat.]
Master, mas'ter, ., he thai is great or chief; one
eminent in rank or authority ; a leader or ruler ;
he that directs or controls ; a lord or owner ;
a teacher ; an employer ; the commander of a
merchant-ship ; the officer who navigates a ship
of war under the captain : a degree in univer
sities ; one eminently skilled in anything: a title
of address.adj. belonging to a master, chief,
principalv.t. to become master of; to over
come ; to become skilful in ; to execute with skill :
Pr.p. mas'tering ; pa.p. mas'tered. [old E.
maisler, A.S. master, Ger. meister, old Fr.
malstre, It. maestro, L. magister, from mag,
root of magnus, great] See Make.
master, in many compounds = chief, as in master-
builder, master-mason, &c.
master-hand, mas'ter-hand, ., thehand ofa master ;
a person highly skilled.
master-key, mas'ter-ke", n., a key that masters or
opens many locks : aadj.,
clue out of difficulties.
masteries*, mas'ter-les, without a master or
owner; ungoverned; unsubdued.
masterly, mas ter-li, adj. like a master; with the
skill of a master ; skilful ; excellent.-adv. with
the skill of a master.
master-piece, mas'ter-pe's, n. , a piece or work worthy
of a master; a work of superior skill; chief
excellence*
mastership, mas'tcr-ship, ., the office of master;
rule or dominion ; superiority.
master-stroke, mas'ter-strok, ., a stroke or perform
ance worthy ofa master; superior performance.
mastery, masrter-i, n.t thepower or authority ofa
master ; dominion ; victory ; superiority ; the
attainment of superior power or skill.
master-work, mas'tcr-wurk, ., work worthy of a
master; master-piece.
Mastic, Martich. mas'tik, ft. lit. that which is masti
cated or chewed; a species of gum-rcsin from the
lentisk-tree ; a cement from mastic ; the tree pro
ducing mastic. [Fr.L. masticks, Gr. mastichi
mastic/tad. to gnash the teethmasaomai, to
chew; so called because it is chewed in the East.]
masticate, mas'ti-kSt, v.t., to chew; to grind with
the teeth '.pr.p. mas'ticating ;Pa.p. masticated.
adj. mas'tlcable.n. mastic* tion. [L. mastico,
-atumGr. mastichad.]
Rite, far; me, her; mine;
313
Matin
masticatory, mas'ti-ka-tor-i, adj., chewing; adapted
for chewing.n. in med., a substance to be
chewed to increase the saliva.
Mastiff, mas'tif, n. lit. a house-dog; a large strong
kind of dog much used as a watch-dog. [Fr.
mdtin, It. mastine, for masnadinomasnada, a
familyL. mansto, a house.] See Mansion.
Mastodon, mas'to-don, n. an extinct animal, resem
bling the elephant, with nipple-like projections
on its teeth. [Fr. mastodonteGr. tnastos, the
breast of a woman, odous, odontos, a tooth.]
Mat, mat, n. lit. that which isplaited together; a
texture of sedge, &c. for cleaning the feet on ; a
web of rope yarn.v.t to cover with mats; to
interweave ; to entangle iPr.p. matt'ing ; Pa.p.
matt'ed. [Fr. natte, Ger. matte, L. matta; prob.
akin to Sans, nod, nadh, to tie, to bind.]
matting, mat ing, n., a covering with mats; a tex
ture like a mat but larger : material for mats.
Matadors, mat'a-dor, n. the man who kills the bull
in bull-fights. [Sp. matadormatar, to kill ; L.
mactatormacto, to killroot mag, great,]
Match, mach, tu, the snuffor wick ofa lamp ; a pre
pared rope for firingartillery, &c. : a lucifer. i Fr.
meiche, It. miccia, L. myxus, Gr. myxa, the
snuff or wick of a lamp, from root of Mucus.]
Match, mach, n. lit. one of the same make, some
thing made in the same way ; anything which
agrees with another thing ; an equal ; one able to
copewith another ; a contestorgame : a marriage ;
one to be gained in marriage.v.t. to be of the
same make, size, ftcv.t. to be equal to ; to be
able to compete with : to find an equal to ; to set
against as equal ; to suit : to give in marriage :
pr.p. match rag; pa.p. matched'.n. match'er.
[A.S. maca, a mate, a wife ; Ice. maki, an equal,
a wife ; Ger. machen, to make ; north E. make,
mack, sort.] See Make.
matchless, machles, adj., havingnomatchorequal.
adv. matchlessly.n. match'lessness.
matchlock, mach'lok, n. the lock of a musket con
taining a match for firing it : a musket so fired.
Hate, mat, n. lit. that which is equal by measure ;
an equal ; a companion : the male or female of
animals that go in pairs : in a merchant-ship,
the second in command ; an assistant.v.t., to be
equal to; to match ; to marry :pr.p. mating ;
pa.p. mSXfed. I [ce, mati, an equalmati, Dutch
maeti, old Ger. maza, measure.] See Meet.
mateless,matles, adj., withoutamateor companion.
Mate, mat, n. and v.t. in chess, same as Checkmate.
Material, &c See under Matter.
Maternal, ma-ter'nal. adj., belonging to a mother;
motherly.adv. mater nally. [Fr. matemel, It.
maternaie, L. matemusmater, mother.]
maternity, ma-ter'ni-ti, ., the state, character, or
relation ofa mother.
Mathematics, math-e-matlks, n.sing. lit. learning,
knowledge ; the science ofnumber and quantity,
and of all their relations. [Fr. mathematiques,
L. mathematicaGr. mathimatikl [epistimi,
skill,
knowledge), relating tothatwhich
learning oris learned
science
mathema, pi. mathemata,
mathein, inf. aor. of manthatw, to learn.]
matbematlc, math-e-mat'ik, mathematical, math-e-
mat'ik-al, adj., pertaining to or done by mathe
matics' very accurate.adv. mathematically.
mathematician, raath-e-ma-tish'an, one versed
in mathematics. [L. mathematicus,]
Matin, mat'in, adj., morning; used in the morning.
n. in //. morning prayers or service ; in R.
mote . mute ; moon ; then.
 Matrlce
Catholic Church, the earliest canonical hours of
prayer. [Fr. ; It. mattinoL. matutinus, belong
ing to the morningMatuta, the goddess of the
morning, akin to mane, morning.]
Matrlce, ma'tris, Matrix, ma'triks, n. lit. a mother, a
womb; in anat.f the cavity in which an animal
is formed before its birth : the cavity in whichany
thing is formed, a mould : in mining, substances
in which minerals are found imbedded : in dyeing,
the rive simple colours (black, white, blue, red,
and yellow) from which all the others are formed.
[Fr.I* matrix, -idsmater, mother.]
matricide, mat'ri-sld, n., a murdererofhis mother:
the murder of one's mother.adj. mat rlcidal.
[Fr.L. matrictda, one who kills his mother,
matricidium, the killing of a mothermater,
mother, cardo, to kill.]
matriculate, ma-trik'fl-lat, v.t. lit. toenrolin aPublic
register; to admit to membership by entering
one's name in a register, esp. in a college :fr.f),
matric'&Iating ; Pa.p. matriculated.n. one
admitted to membership in a society.n. matrtc-
ula'tion. [L. as if matrtculo, -attttnmatricula,
dim. of matrix, parent stock, public register. ]
matrimony, mat'ri-mun-i, n. lit. that whichpertains
to a mother, marriage ; the state of marriage, [old
Fr. matrimoniiL. matrimoniummater.,]
matrimonial, mat-ri-mC'ni-al, adj., relating to or
derived from marriage.adv. matrimo'nially.
matrix, same as M*trice.
matron, m.Vtrun, n. lit. a mother; a married
woman ; an elderly lady ; a nurse in a hospital.
[L. matrona, a married ladymater, mother.]
matronage, matrun-Sj, matronhood, ma'trun-hood,
n., state ofa matron.
matronal, ma'trun-al or mar/run-al, adj., Pertain
ing or suitable to a matron ; motherly ; grave.
matronlH, nut'trun-Iz, or mar/, v.t., to render ma
tronly.Pr.p. mX'tronTsing ; Pa.p. mii'tronTsed.
matronly, ma'trun-H, adj., like, becoming, or
belonging to a matron ; elderly ; sedate.
Matter, mat'er, ., Putrefied blood; a cream-like
fluid in abscesses or on festering sores. [W.
madrrdd, pus, corrupt goremadra, to fester : or
from the next word with putrid understood.]
Matter, mat'er, n. lit. theproducer t>l a thing ; that
out ofwhich anything is made ; the material part
of a thing : that which occupies space, and with
which we become acquainted by our bodily
senses: the subject or thing treated of ; that with
which one has; importance
consequence to do ; cause: indefinite
of a thingamount.
: thing of
v.i. to be of importance ; to signify :pr.p.
matt/ering : Pa.p. mattered.adj. m&tt'erleu.
[old E. matere, Fr. matUre, L. materiamater.
Sans, tnatri, mother, the producerma, to
create. ]matter-of-fact, adj. adhering to the
matter offact ; not fanciful ; dry.
material, ma-t'ri-alf adj., consisting of matter;
corporeal, not spiritual: substantia!: essential;
important.n. esp. in //. that out of which any
thing is to be made.adv. mate'rtaUy.ns. matr-
rlalneia, material ity. [L. materialismateria,]
materialise, ma-te'ri-al-Tz, v.t., to render material;
to reduce to or regard as matter : to occupy with
material interests :tfr.p. materialising ; Pa.p.
materialised.
materialism, ma-te'ri-al-izm, n. the doctrine that
denies the existence of spirit, and maintains that
there is but one substance, viz. matter.
materialist, ma-te'ri-al-ist, n. one who holds the
doctrine of materialism.
fate, far ; me, her ; mine ;
Maw
materialistic, ma-tG'ri-al-ist-ik, matertalistlcal. ma.
tfi'ri-al-ist-ik-al, adj pertaining to materialism.
Matting. See under Mat.
Matting, same as matins, pi. of Matin.
Mattock, mat'uk, n. a kind of pickaxe having the
iron ends broad instead of pointed. [A.S. mat-
toe, Celt, madog.]
Mattress, mat'res, n., a quilted cushion ; a sort of
quilted bed stuffed with wool, horsehair, &c.
[old Fr. materas, Prov. almatrac, Ar. al-ma'-
tra'h, a quilted cushion : or from Mai.]
Mature, ma-tflr', adj. , grown to itsfull size ; per
fected ; ripe : in med., come to suppuration : fully
digested, as a plan.v.t. to ripen ; to bring to
perfection; to prepare for use.v.i. to become
ripe : to become payable, as a bill :pr.p. matur7-
ing ;Pa.p. matured'.adv. maturely.n. mature'-
nesa. [L. maturus, ripe ; prob. from Sans, maA,
to be great, to grow.]
maturate, mat'Q-rat, v.t., to make mature; in med.,
to promote the suppuration of.v.i* in med., to
suppurate perfectly '.Pr.p. mat/Orating ; pa.p.
maturated.n. maturation. [L. maturo, -atum
maturus, ripe.]
maturatlve, mat'u-rat-iv, adj., maturing or ripen
ing ; in med., promoting suppuration.n. a medi
cine promoting suppuration.
matureeoent, mat-fl-res'ent, adj., becoming mature
or ripe ; approaching maturity. [L. malurescens,
pr.p. of maturesco, to become ripematurus.]
maturity, ma-tur'i-ti, n., state of being mature;
ripeness ; a state of completeness. [L. maturitas
maturus, ripe.]
Matutinal, mat-Q-tl'nal, Matutlne, mat/u-tTn, adj.,
pertaining to the morning; early. [L. matu-
tinalis, matutinus.] See Matin.
Maudlin, mawdlin, adj. shedding tears of pen
itence, like Mary Magdalene : expressing contri
tion ; silly, as it half drunk: sickly sentimental.
[Maudlin, contr. from old E. Maudeleyne.]
Matiger, Maugre, maw'ger, /rr/., not agreeable to or
against one's will; in spite of. [Fr. malgri, L.
malegratummale, badly,gratum, agreeable.)
Maul, maw!, same as Mali
Maul-stick, mawl'-stik. ., a stick used by painters
to steady their hand when working, [tier, maler-
stockmaler, painter, and stock, stick. ]
Maundy-Thursday, mawn'di-thurz'dS, ., the Thurs
day in Passion-week, when royal charity is dis
tributed to the poor at Whitehall, [so called
from the charity being formerly distributed in
baskets, A. S. mand: or Fr. mandi, "L.mandatut/1,
command, according to Christ's injunction,
Mandatum novum da vobis, &c. a new com
mandment I give unto you, &c. John xiii. 34.]
Mausoleum, maw-so-l5'um, n. a magnificent tomb
or monument. [L. Mausoleum {sepulcrum,
tomb), relating to Mausolus, king of Caria, to
whom his widow erected a splendid tomb.]
Mausolean, maw-so-le'an, adj., pertaining to a
mausoleum; monumental
Mauve, mawv, n. a beautiful purple dye extracted
from coal-tar, so called from its likeness in colour
to the flowers ofthe mallow: this colour. [Fr.
L. malva, the mallow.]
Mavi8, ma'vis, n. the song-thrush. [Fr. mauvis;
Bret mi/fid, milchouid; Cora, melhucz, a lark,
sweet breath.]
Maw, maw, ., the stomach, esp. in the lower
animals ; the craw, in birds. [A.S. tuaga, Ger.
magenold Ger. magan, to nourish.]
mote ; mute ; mOTn ; Men. 3i3
 mawworm Mechanic
maw'wurm, a worm that Infests mehl, Dutch, meet, meal ; Goth, malan, Dutch,
the stomach, the thread-worm. vtaelen, L. molo, Sans, math, to grind. J
Mawkish, mawk'ish, adj. loathsome, disgusting, as mealy, metf, adj., resembling meal; besprinkled
as with meal.n. meal iness.
anything beginning to breed mawks or maggots. mealy-mouthed, meTi-mourAd, adj. lit. having a
adv. mawkishly.n. mawk ishnesa. [vulgar
mawk, a maggot. See Maggot.] mealy or soft month : unwilling to state the
UaxlUar, maks'il-ar, Maxillary, maks'il-ar-i, adj., truth in plain terms.
pertaining to thejawbone orjaw. [L. maxillaris Mean, men, adj. lit. common ; low in rank or birth:
maxilla, jawbone, dim. of mala, jaw, the base ; sordid : low in worth or estimation : poor ;
bruising thingmando, to bruise.] humble.adv. meanly.n. maan'ness. [A.S.
Maxim, maks'im, n, a sentence of the greatest im mane, gemane, Ger. gemein, L. communis.]
portance or authority ; a general principle ; a Mean, men, adj. , middle ; coming between ; moder
proverb. [Fr. maxim*L. maxima (sen-tentia, ate.M. the middle point, quantity, value, or
an opinion), superl. of magnus, great.] degree : instrument.pi. income; estate: instru
maximum, maks'i-mum, adj., the greatest.n. the ment. [Fr. moyen, low L. medianusL. medius,
greatest number, quantity, or degree : in math., Gr. mesosy Sans, madhya, middle.]
the value of a variable when it ceases to increase Mean, men, v.t., to have in the mind or thoughts ;
and begins to decrease.pi. maxima. [L., superl. to intend : to signify.v.i. to have in the mind :
of magnus, great.] to have meaning:pr.p. mean'ing : pa.t. and
May, ma, v.i., to be able; to be allowed ; to be free Pa.p. meant (ment). [Goth, *
to act ; to be possible ; to be by chance \~pa.t. to think ; Ice. muna, L. n
might (mlt). [A.S. mag, pr.L of magatt, to be root men, akin to Sans, man, to think.]
able, pa.t. meahte, mikte; Ger. m3gen.~\ meaning, men'ing, ., that which is in the mitid
or thoughts ; signification : the !
May, ma, n. the fifth month of the year : the early purpose.adj.
or gay part of life.v.i. to gainer May (prov. meaningless, men'ing-les, significant.adv. i
E. the blossom of the hawthorn, which blooms adj., wit/
in May) :pr.p. May'ing. [Fr. MaiL. Mains Meanly, Meanness. Sec Mean, common.
{mentis, a month), sacred to Maia, the mother of Meant, pa.t. andpa.p. of Mean.
Mercury : prob. from root mag, Sans, mah, to Meander, mS-an'der, n., a winding course ; a maze ;
grow, and so May = the month of growth.] perplexity.v.i. to flow or run in a winding
May-day, ma'-da, n. the first day of May. course ; to be intricate.v.t. to wind or flow
May-flower, ma'-flow-er, n, the hawthorn, which round :Pr.fi. mean'dering ; pa.fi. mean'dercd-
blooms in May. [the name of a winding river in Asia Minor.]
May-fly, ma'-fli, . an ephemeralJly which appears meandering, m-an'der-ing, adj., winding in a
in May. course.ti. a winding course.
May-pole, ma'-pOl, a Pole erected for dancing Measles, me'zlz, u.sing. a contagious fever accom
round on May-day.
May-queen, mi'-kwen, n. a young woman crowned panied with small red spots upon the skin. [Ger.
mas, Dutch, maese, spot, maeselen, measles.]
with flowers as queen on May-day. measled, mc'zld, measly, me'zli, adj., infected with
Mayor, ma'ur, . the major or chief magistrate of measles.
a city or borough.n. may oress, the wife of a Measure, mezh'ur, n. that by which extent is ascer
mayor. [Fr. maire, old Fr. maiorL. major, tained or expressed : the extent of anything : a
comp. of magnus, great] rule by which anything is adjusted ; proportion :
mayoralty, maur-al-ti, mayorship, ma'ur-ship, a stated quantity ; degree ; extent : moderation :
the office ofa mayor.
Maze, mar, n. a place full of intricate windings : means to an end : metre : musical time.v*tt to
confusion of thought; perplexity.v.t. to be ascertain out; to
the dimensions of: to adjust : to mark
allot.v.i. to have a certain extent:
wilder ; to confuse \pr-p. making ; /a./, mazed'. to be equal or uniform :~-pr.p. measuring ;
[Ice. masa, to jabber ; prov. E. to masle, to Pa.p. meas ured. [Fr. mesureL. mensura, a
wander as if stupefied.] measuremetior, to measure, akinto Gr. metron,
mazy, maVi, adj.,full of mazes or windings ; in a measure, Sans, root ma, mad, to measure.]
tricate.adv. maz'ily.n. masfiness.
Mo. me", personal pron. the objective case of X, measurable,measured
mezh'flr-a-bl, adj., that may be
or computed : moderate ; in small
[A.S., L.# Gr. me. Sans. m&.\ quantity or extent.adv. meas urably.
Mead, mfid, n., honey and water fermented and measured,
flavoured. [A, S. medo, Dutch, mede, mead : equal ; uniform ; steady : i a certain i
mezh'urd, adj., of
Gr. methi, strong drink; Sans, madhu, sweet; measureless, mezh'Qr-Ies, adj.,
prob. akin to L., W. mel, Gr. melt, honey.] boundless : immense.
Mead, mSd, Meadow, med'3, n. a place where grass measurement, mezh'Qr-ment, n., the act of measur
is mown or cut down ; a rich pasture-ground. ing; quantity found by measuring.
[A.S. mad, madewemawan, Dutch, rnaeden, Meat, mCt, n. that which is chewed or ground by
to mow ; akin to L. meto, to mow.] the teeth ; food ; the flesh of animals used as
meadowy, med'O-i, adj., containing meadows.
Meagre, Meager, merger, adj., lean : poor; barren : food. [A.S. mate, Goth, mats, foodmat/an,
to eat; L. mando, to chew; Sans, math, to
scanty; without strength.adv. tnea'grely.. grind.]
mea'greneja. [Fr. maigre'L. macer, lean.] meat-offering, mSt'-of-cr-ing, n. a Jewish t
Meal, me"l, ., a portion; the food taken at one meat or food in their religious services.
time : the act or the time of taking food. [A.S. Mechanic, me-kan'ik. Mechanical, me-kan'ik-al, adj.,
marl, Dutch, maal, Sw. maeL, a portion.] pertaining to machines or mechanics ; con
Meal, mel, n. grain ground and not sifted from the structed according to the laws of mechanics :
bran or coarser portion. [A.S. meleive, Ger. ,1 acting by physical power : done by a machine :
fate, far ; me", hex ; mine ; mCte; mute; mOOn; then.
 mechanics Meerschaum
pertaining to artisans : done simply by force of modicable, med'i-kabl, adj., that may be healed.
habit : vulgar.n. one engaged in a mechanical medicament, mcdl-ka-ment or me-dik'a-ment, .,
trade ; an artisan.adv. mechanically. [L. medicate, a medicine or anything used for healing.
mechant'eus; Gr. mtchanikosmicltani, any medicine:med'i-kat, v.t., to heal; to treat with
artificial meansmickos, a means.] to impregnate with anything medici
mechanic!, me-kan'iks, tke science which treats nal \~Pr.p. med icaring ; Pa.p. med'icated. [L.
ofmachines; the science which determines the adicated, medico, -ahtm, to heal. J
effect produced by forces on a body, medl-kat-ed, adj. containing anything
mechanician, mek-an-ish'an, mechanist, medicinal or healing : treated with medicine,
n., a machine-maker; one skilled in edlcatlon, med-i-ka'shun, n., the act or process of
mechanism, mek'an-izm, n. the construction of a medicating or of tincturing with medicinal sub
machine. stances : the use of medicine,
, med'al, a piece ofmetal in the form of a medicative, med'i-ki-tiv or me-dik'a-tiv, adj., heal
ing; tending to heal.
i bearing some device or inscription : a reward dicine, med i-sin, n. anything applied for the
of merit. [FY. medaille; It. meaagliaL. met-
allum, a metal : but acc. to Wedgwood from old cure or lessening of disease or pain. [L.
Fr. maille, the half of a penny ; L. medius, medicina.]
middle ; Ice. mid/a, to divide, and so = a coin medicinal, mc-dis!n-al, adj., relating to medicine;
fitted to cure or lessen disease or pain.adv.
ofhalfa. certain value.]
medaille, me-dal'ik, adj., pertaining to medals.
medallion, me-dal'yun, n. a large antique medal; the middle ages.mC-di-aVal, adj., relating to
the representation of a medal in painting or atvitm, an age.] Sec [L. medius, middle, and
sculpture. Medial
medallist, med'al-ist, medalist, me'dal-ist, one edievalut, meduevalUt, m-di-e*val-ist, n. one
skilled in medals : one who has gained a medal. versed in the history of the middle ages.
Meddle, medl, v.i., to mix or interfere with others Mediocre, Mediocrity. See under Medial
and their affairs ; to have to do :/>-./. medd Meditate, med'i-tat, v.i., to think; to consider
ling ; A'./, medd'led. [Fr. medler, mesler; low thoughtfully: to purpose.v.t. to think on; to
L. miscuiareL. misceo, to mix.] revolve in the mind : to intend '.fr.p. med'itat-
meddler, medler, ., one who meddles or inter ing; Pa.p. med'itated. [L. meditor, meditatus;
feres with matters in which he has no concern. akin to Gr. math, root of manthand, to learn,
meddlesome, medl-sum, adj., given to meddling or or perhaps med, root of medomai, to think on ;
interfering with the affairs of others. Sans, man, to think.]
meddling, medling, adj., mixing or interfering in meditated,
the concerns of others ; officious.n. officious meditation,med'i-tat-ed, adj., thought of; \
med-i-t5'shun, the act i '
interposition. *ng; deep thought ; serious contcmp
medley, medli, n. , a mixture ; a mingled and con meditative, med'i-tat-iv, adj., given to t
fused mass ; a miscellany. expressing design.adv. meditatively.n, xaed'l-
Medial, mc'di-al, adj., middle; noting a mean or tatlvenen.
average, [low L. medialisL. medius, akin to Mediterranean, med-i-tcr-ra'nS-an, Medlterraneous,
Gr. mesos, middle.]
mediate, meVdi-at, adj., middle; between two med-i-ter-ra'ne-us, adj. situated in the middle of
the earth or land; inland. [L. medius, middle,
extremes : acting byor as a means.v.i. to inter and terra, earth, land. ]Mediterranean Baa, so
pose between parties as a friend of each ; to inter
cede.v.t. to effect by mediation :pr.p. mg'diat- called from being, as it were, in the middle of
ing ; Pa.p. mediated.adv. me diately.n. me - the landSee of the Old World.
under Medial,
dlateneas. [low L. mediaJus.)
mediation, me-di-a'shun, n., the act of mediating and Europe, n.with medlar, a small tree, common in Britain
fruit like a pear, [old Fr.
or interposing ; entreaty for another. meslierh. mespilus, Gr. mespili.}
mediator, m'di-2t-ur, n.t one who mediates or Medley. See under Meddle.
interposes between parties at variance: in B.,
Medullar, me-dul'ar, Medullary, me-dul'ar-i, adj.,
. me-di-a-tO'ri-al, adj., belonging to a consisting ofor resembling marrow or pith. fl.
mediator or intercessor.adv. mediato'rlally. medullaris, in the marrowmedulla, that which
mediocre, me'di-Q-ker, adj., middling; moderate. has the middle, the marrowmedius, middle.]
n. a person of middling or moderate abilities. Medusa, me-dQ'sa, n. in myth., one of the Gorgons
[Fr.L. mediocrismedius, middle.]
mediocrity, me-di-ok'ri-ti, a middle state or whose hair was turned into snakes : a genus of
gelatinous radiate animals, prob. from the like
condition ; moderation,
medium, m'di-um, ., the middle ; the middle place head. their ness of tentacles to the snakes on Medusa's
[Gr. medousa, fern, of meddn, a ruler
or degree : anything intervening : means or in medd, to rule.]
strument : the substance in which bodies exist Meed, mSd, n.t wages; reward; that which is
or through which they move.
Medic, med'ik, n. a genus of leguminous plants, bestowed for merit. [A.S. med, Dutch, miede,
with leaves like those of clover. [L. ntedica, Gr. misthas,Ger. miethe, Goth, mizdo, a reward ; allied to
Gr. medikl [poa, grass), a kind of clover intro hire, wages.]
duced from Media in Asia.] m5k, adj., soft; mild; gentle: submissive.
adv.
Medical, med'i-kal, adj., relating to the art of Goth, muho, Sw. miuk, meek'ly.n. meekness. [Dutch, muyck,
healingdiseases ; containing that which heals : '" Meerschaum, meVshawm, n.Ice.a miukr.] species of mineral
tended to promote the study of medicine.a> earth, used for making tobacco-pipes, so called
med'ically. (low L. medicalish. medicus, p because once supposed to be the petrified scum or
taining to healingmedeor, to heal.]
fate, far ; me, her ; mine ; mOte ; mate ; mOOn ; then.
3*5
 Meet
foam ofthe sea. TGer. meer, L. mare, the sea,
and schaum, It schiuma, L. spuma, foam.}
Meet, met, adj., according to tneasurt; fitting ;
qualified : adapted.adv. meet'ly.n. meet'noaa.
IA.S. gemet, fit, gemet, a measuremetan, L.
melior, to measure, Gr. metran, a measure, Sans.
mad, ma, to measure.]
Meet, met, v.t. to come face to face ; to encounter:
to find : to receive, as a welcome.v.i. to come
together ; to assemble : to have an encounter :
pr.p. meeting ; Pa.p. met. [A.S. metan, motion,
Goth. gamotjan, to meet; A.S. mot, gemot, a
meeting; Ice. mot, opposite,]
meeting, meYing, ., a coming face to face; an
meeting-home,: anmfit'ing-hous,
interview assembly, n. a house or building
where people, esp. dissenters, meet for public
worship.
Megalouunu, meg-a-lo-sawVus, ., the great saur
ian-ox lizard, a gigantic fossil found in England.
[Gr. megas, megold, great, sauros, a lizard.]
llcgatherlum, meg-a-the ri-um, n. lit the great wild
beast; a gigantic fossil quadruped found in the
pampas of S. America. [Gr. megas, great, and
thirwn, wild beast]
Megrim, me'grim, . a pain affecting one half of
the heador face. [Fr. migraine, corr. ofGr. himi'
craniahimi, half, and kranion, the head.)
Melocene, same as Miocene.
MelosU, ml-6'sis, n. in rhet., a species of hyperbole
representing a thing as less than it is. [Gr.
meidsismeio-d, to lessen.]
Melancholy, mel'an-kol-i, n. a disease causing
gloomy groundless fears, and general depression
of spirits, so called because it was supposed to
be occasioned by black bile; dejection.adj.
gloomy ; producing grief. [L. melancholia, Gr.
metangcholiametan, black, and choli, bile.]
melancholic, mel'an-kol-ik, adj., affected with
melancholy ; dejected : mournful.
Meliorate, me'li-or-at, v.t., to make better; to im
prove xPr.f, meliorating ; Pa.p. meliorated,
[low L. melioro, to make bettermelior, better.]
melioration, me-li-or-a'shun, the act of making
fatter; improvement.
Melliferous, mcl-if'er-us, adj., honey-producing. [L.
mel, mellis, honey, andfero, to produce.]
mellifluent, mel-iflCo-ent, mellifluous, mcl-if'lco-us,
adj.,flowing with honey or sweetness : smooth.
adz*, melilfluently, melliflnoualy.n. mellifln-
ence. [L. mctlis,an&fluens,fluusfIuo, to flow.]
Mellow, mel'O, adj., soft with ripeness; ready to
fall to pieces ; soft to the touch.v.t. to soften
by ripeness or age; to mature.v.i. to become
soft ; to be matured :pr.f. mcll'owing ; Pa.p.
meU'owed. [Dutch, molhg, soft ; Ger. molsch,
Fr. molle, overripe ;L. mollis, soft ; Dutch,
molen, W. mallu, to fall away to pieces.]
mellowness, mcl'O-nes, ., softness; maturity.
mellowy, mel'o-i, adj., soft; oily.
Melodious, &c. See under Melody.
Melodrama, mcl-C-dram'a, Melodrame, mel'O-dram,
. a drama or theatrical performance with songs.
[Gr. melos, a song, and drama, a drama.]
melodramatic, mel-O-dra-mat'ik, adj., relating to a
melodrama. mel-C-dram'a-tist, ., one skilled in
melodram&tlst,
melodramas, or who prepares them.
tlelody, mcl'5-di, a lay consisting ofa symmet
rical succession ofparts; an agreeable succes-
futc, far ; me, her ; mine ;
Menagerie
sion of musical sounds ; an air or tune ; music.
[Gr. melddiamelos, a part, and ddi, a by.]
melodious, mc-15'di-us, adj.,fullofmelody; harmo
nious.-adv. meio'dioualy-m. melodiousness.
Melon, mel'un, n. a kind of cucumber and its fruit,
which resembles an apple. [Fr. ; L. melo ; Gr.
milon, an apple.]
Melt, melt, v.t., to make liquid; to dissolve; to
soften : to waste away.v.i., to become liquid;
to dissolve : to become tender or mild ; to be sub
dued by grief: to lose substance : to be discour
aged:/r./. melt'ing ; Pa^P. melt'ed. [A.S.
melton, Dutch, smelten, Gr. meldd, to make
liquid.]melt'ing, ., the act of making liquid or
melting,
of dissolving ; the act of softening or rendering
tender.adv. melfingly.
Member, mem'ber, n. lit. ike thing measured; a
limb ofan animal : a clause : one of a community ;
a representative in a legislative body: in B., in
//. the appetites and passions. [Fr. membre ;
L. membrum, prob. allied to Sans, root md, to
measure.]adj.
membership, mem'bsred,
memrber-ship[ ., having
the statelimbs.
of being a
member or one of a society ; a community.
membrane, mem'bran, n. the thin tissue which covers
the members or parts of the body ; the film con
taining the seeds of a plant [L. membrana.]
membraneous, mcm-bran'e-us, membranous, mem'-
bran-us, membranaceous, mem-bran-a/she-us, adj.,
relating to, consisting of, or like a membrane.
Memento, mC-men'tO, n. lit remember thou; a
suggestion or notice to awaken memory. [ L.
imperative of memini, to rememberroot men,
akin to Sans, man, to think.]
memoir, mem'wor or me-moir*, n. a familiar notice
ofanythingas remembered by the writer; a short
biographical sketch ; a record of researches oo
any subject: the transactions of a society. [Fr.
memoireL. memoria, memorymemor, mind
ful, akin to Sans, root smri, to remember.)
memorable, memor-abl, adj., deserving to be re
membered; remarkable.adv. me'morably.
memorandum, mem-or-an'dum, n., something to be
remembered; a note to assist the memory.//,
memorandums, memoran da.
memorial, me-mO'ri-al, adj., bringing to memory ;
contained in memory. n. that which serves to
keep in remembrance ; a monument : a note to
help the memory : a written statement with a
petition, laid before a legislative or other body :
in B., memory.
memorialist, me-mti'ri-al-ist, n., one who writes,
signs, or presents a memorial.
memorialise, mg-mO'ri-al-fr, v.t., to present a me
morial to; to petition by memorial :Pr.p. me
morialising ; Pa.p. memO'rialtsed.
memory, mem'o-ri, ., a having or keeping in the
mind; the faculty of the mind by which it re
tains the knowledge of previous thoughts or
events ; retention ; remembrance.
Men, plural of Man.
Menace, men'as, v.t., to overhang; to threaten :
Pr.p. men'iicing ; Pa.p. mcn'aced.n. a threat
or threatening. [Fr, menacerL. minor, mina-
ins, to threatenmince, the overhanging points
of a wall.]
menacing, mcn'as-ing, adj., overhanging; threaten
ing.adv. menacingly.
Menagerie, Menagery, mcn-azh'e-ri or men-aj'er-i, n.
a place for managing and keeping wild animals :
mote ; mute ; moUn ; then.
 Mend
a collection of such animals. [Fr., from root of
Manage.]
Mend, mend, v.t., to remove a fault; to repair:
to correct: to quicken.v.i. to grow better :
Pr.p. mend'ing; Pa.p. mend'ed.. mend er. [L.
etnendoe, ex, out of, and mendum, a fault.]
mending, mend'ing, ft., the act ofrepairing.
Mendacious, men-da'shus, adj., lying; false. [L.
mendax, mendarismentior, to lie.]
mendacity, men-das'i-ti, n., lying; falsehood.
Mendicant, men'di-kant, adj., in extreme want ;
poor to beggary; practising beggary.n. one
.who is in extreme want ; a beggar : one of the
begging fraternity of the R. Cath. Church. [L.
tnendicans, -anti*, pr.p. of mendico, to beg
mendicus, a beggar, prob. from menda, a want.]
mendicancy, mcn'di-kan-si, ., the state of being a
mendicant or beggar ; beggary,
mendicity, mcn-disi-ti, ., Die state of being a
mendicant or beggar ; the life of a beggar.
Menial, me"ni-al, adj., belonging to the servants of
a household; servile ; low.n, a domestic ser
vant : one performing servile work ; a person of
servile disposition. [Norm, meynalmesnie,
household : from L. maneo, to dwell, or L. mi/tut
natus, Fr. mains ni, younger born.]
Menlver, men'i-ver, Minever, Miniver, mm'i-vcr, n.
the ermine ; its fur which is white with specks of
black, [old Fr. menuver, menuvair, grayish
furmenu, small, L. minus, and vair, furL.
varius, changing, mottled.]
Memes, men'sCs, n.pl. the monthly discharge from
the womb. [L. mensis, a month.]
menstrual, men'strCO-al, adj., monthly ; belonging
to a menstruum. [L. menstrualis.]
menstruant, men'strOO-ant, adj., subject to menses.
[L. menstruans, -antis, pr.p. of menstruo.]
menstruate, men'stroTKit, v.t., to discharge the
menseslfr.p. menstruating ; Pa.p. men'strfl-
ated.n. men struation. [L. menstrua, -atum.]
menstruous, men'strOo-us, adj., having or belonging
to menses. [L. moistruns.)
menstruum, men'stro"o-um, n. a solvent or dissolving
substance.pt. men'stma, the menses. [L., from
a fancy of the old chemists that dissolvents could
be prepared only at certain stages of the moon.]
Mensurable, mens'a-rabl, adj., that can be
measured; measurable.n. mensurabiTlty, qual
ity f b**ng mensurable. [L. mensurabilis,
from mensuro, -atum, to measure.] Sec Measure,
mensural, mens'Q-ral, adj., Pertaining to measure.
mensuration, mens-Q-ra'shun, ., the act, process,
orartofmeasuring; artoffinding the length, area,
or volume of bodies ; the result of measuring.
Mental, men'tal, adj., Pertaining to the mind; in
tellectual.adv. men'tally. [from L.mens, mentis,
the mindSans, root man, to think.]
Mention, men'shun, n. lit. a remembering or think
ing of; a brief notice or remark ; a hint.v.t. to
notice briefly ; to remark ; to name :/r.p. men
tioning ; P&-P> men'tioned. [ L. mentio, mentionis,
from memini, to rememberroot men. Sans.
man, to think.]
mentionable, mcn'shun-abl, adj., that can be men
tioned.
Mentor, men'tnr, n. lit. the thinker; a wise and
faithful counsellor or monitor.adj. mentor'Ial.
[from Mentor, the friend of Odysseus or Ulysses
from root ofMental.]
Mephitis, mc-fl'tis, Mephltism, mcf'i-ttzm, n. a
fate, far ; mi, her ; mine ;
Merge
foul, pestilential exhalation from the ground. [L.
mephitis.,]
mephftic, me-fit'ik, adj., pertaining to mephitis;
offensive to the smefl ; noxious ; pestilential.
Mercantile, merkan-tll, adj., pertaining to mer
chants; commercial. [Fr. and It.L. menatts,
antis, pr.p. of mercor, to tradetnerx, mercis,
merchandisemereo, to gain.]
mercer, mcr'ser, ., a merc/tant in silks and wool
cloths. [Fr. merrier.]
mercery, mi.-r'scr-i, ., the trade ofa mercer; the
goods of a mer'chand-Iz,
mercer.
merchandise, ., the goods of a mer-
chant ; anything traded with. [tr. marchattdise
marchand, a merchant.]
merchant, merchant, one who carries on trade,
csp. on a large scale ; one who buys and sells
goods; a trader.adj. pertaining to trade or
merchandise. [Fr. marchandL. mercans,
-antis, pr.p. at mercor, to trade.]
merchantman, mer'chant-man, . . a tradingship 1 in
B., a merchant.pi. mer/ch/intmen. [Merchant, and
Man.] mcVse-nar-i, adj., relating to rnvard
mercenary,
or payment ; hired for money : actuated by the
hope of reward; greedy of gain: sold or done
for money. n. one who is hired ; a soldier hired
into foreign service. [L. mercettariusmerces,
hire, rewardmereo.']
Merciful, &c. See under Mercy.
Mercury, merku-ri, n., thegod ofmerchandise and
eloquence, and the messenger of the gods : the
planet nearest the sun : a white, poisonous metal,
alsocalledquicksilver :amessenger ; anewspaper.
[L. Mercurius, from tnerx, merris, merchandise.]
mercurial, mer-ku'ri-al, adj. lit. ' pertaining to
Mercury; having the qualities said to belong to
the god Mercury; active; sprightly; containing
or consisting of mercury. [L. mercurialis.]
mercurialise, mer-kO'ri-al-Iz, v.t., to make mer
curial: inmed., to affect with mercury; to ex
pose to the vapour of mercury -.pr.p. mercQ ri-
allsingmersi,
; pa.p.n.mercurialised.
Mercy, lit. pay, reward; disposition to
overlook injuries, or forgive obligation out of
compassion for the offender ; clemency ; an act
of mercy; leniency; tenderness. [Fr. merci; It.
merci, mercedc, reward, compassion ; L. merces,
mercedis, pay, reward.]
mercy-seat, mer'si-sSt, n. lit the seat or place of
mercy: the covering of the Jewish Ark of the
Covenant : the throne of God.
merelful,mer'si-fool,/i^'.,X//^Ajrexercisingmfr(:j';
willing to pity and spare ; compassionate ; tender ;
humane.adv. mercifully.n. mercifulness,
merciless, mcr'si-les, adj., wit/tout mercy; unfeel
ing ; hard hearted ; unsparing ; cruel.adv. mer'-
cilessly.n. mercilessness, want ofmercy.
Mere, mCr, n. a pool or lake. [A.S. mere; Fr.
mare; akin to L. mare, the sea.] Sec Marine.
Mere, m6r, adj., separatedfrom, alone: unmixed ;
pure ; only this and nothing else ; alone ; absolute.
adv. merely, purely, simply ; only ; thus and
nootherway; solely. [It. mero; L. merus; prob.
akin toGr. meiromai, to divide or separate from.]
Meretricious, mcr-c-trish'us, adj. lit. pertaining to
harlots; alluring by false snow; gaudy and de
ceitful ; false.adv. meretriciously.. mere-
tri'dousness. [L. tneretririus, from meretrix,
meretricis, a harlot, or one who earns money,
from mereo, to earn.] See Mercantile.
Merge, merj, v.t., to immerse or dip in; to sink;
mOte ; mute ; mCFOn ; Men.
3*7
 metalloid
try cause to be swallowed up.v.t. tobeswallowed Mesh, mesh, n. the opening between the threads of
up, or lost :pf-P. merging ; pa.p. merged'.n. a net ; network.v.t. to catch in a net :*V./.
mergr'er, in law, a merging. [L. mergo, mersum, mesh'ing ; pa.p. meshed'.adj. xnaeh'y, formed
akin to Sans, majj, to dive, to, sink.] like network. [A.S. mascre; Ger. masche; Dan.
mersion, mer'shun, n., act ofmerging, maske ; Ice. moskvi; akin to L. macula.}
Meridian, mc-rid'i-an, adj., pertaining to mid-day ; Mesmerise, mcs'm6r-Tz, v.t. to induce an extraor
being on the meridian or at mid-day : raised to dinary state of the nervous system, in which the
the nighest point. mid-day: the highest actor controls the actions of the subject :
point, as of success ; climax : an imaginary circle pr.p. mes'raerTsing;/a./. mes'merlscd. . me*'-
on the earth's surface passing through the poles merlser or mWrneriit, one who mesmerises, [from
and any given place : in astr., an imaginary Mesmer, a German physician (17331815), who
circle, passing through the poles of the heavens, brought it into notice.]
and the zenith of the spectator, which the sun mesmerism, mes'mer-izm, ., art ofmesmerising.
crosses at mid-day. [L. meridianus, pertaining mesmeric, mes-mer'ik, mesmeric*!, mcs-mcr ik-al,
to mid-day, from mcru/ics, mid-daymedius, adj., ofor relating to mesmerism.
middle, and dies, day.]
meridional, me-rid'i-un-al, adj., pertaining to the Mm, mes, ., a mixture disagreeable to the sight
meridian : southern ; having a southern aspect. or taste; a medley; disorder; embarrassment,
adv. merid'ionally, in the direction of the Mess, mes,root. ofa dish
[from Mash.]
or quantity of food served up
meridian. [Fr. ; L. meridionalis.)
meridionality, me-rid-i-un-al'i-ti, ., state of being at one time ; a number of persons who eat to
in the meridian : position in the south ; aspect cat of a mess ; to feed ; towith
gether.v.t., to supply a mess.v.L, to
associate and cat at a
towards the south. common table '-Pr.p. mess'ing ; pa.p. 1
Merino, me-reno, . a variety of sheep having very [It, messa, messo, a messenger, a c
fine wool, orig. from Spam ; a fabric of merino L. mitto, mixsum, to send.]
wool.adj. belonging to the merino sheep or their messmate, mes'mut, n., one who cats at the same
wool. [Sp. ; from merino, inspector of sheep- tabic. [Mesi, and Mate.]
walks, low L. majorinus, from root of Major. ] Message, mes'aj, . any communication sent from
Merit, mer it, n., that which it deserving; excel one to another ; an errand ; an official communi
lence that deserves honour or reward ; worth ; cation. [Fr. ; low L. messagium, missaticststt,
value ; that which is earned.v.t. to earn ; to from mitto, missus, to send.]
have a right to claim as reward ; to deserve : messenger, mes'en-jer, ., the bearer ofa message;
Pr.p. meriting ; pa.p. mer'ited. [L. merit-urn, one who or that which foreshadows ; a fore
from mereo, menturn, to obtainasalotorportion, runner : in law, an officer who executes sum
to deserve, Gr. meiromai, to divide, akin to monses, called messenger-at-arms.
Sans, md, to measure.] See Mercantile,
meritorious, mer-i-tO'ri-us, adj., possessing merit Messiah, mes-sl'a, n., the anointed one, the Christ.
or desert ; deserving ofreward, honour, or praise. n. to
Messl'ahshlp. [Heb. mashiach,{rom mashach,
anoint.]
adv. meritoriously.. merlto rioussesa. Messuage, mes'waj, n. in law, a dwelling and
Merle, merl, ft. the blackbird. [Fr. ; L. morula.'} offices with the adjoining lands appropriated to
merlin, merfin, n. a species of small hawk : a the use of the household, [old Fr. ; low L.
wizard. [Fr. emerillon; It. smerlo; Ccr. schmerl, messuagium, from L. mansio.] See Manring
merl, perhaps from Merle.] Met, /.;..' and pa.p. ofMeet.
Merlon, merlon, n. lit. a little wall: in fori., the Metacbronlam, me-tak'ron-izm, n. the placing of an
part of a parapet which lies between two em
brasures. [Fr. ; It. merlomxruius, dim. of L. event after its real time. [Gr. mctachronos
is, a wall.] meta, beyond, and chronos, time.]
Metage. See under Mete.
, meVmad, maid of the sea, a fabled
marine animal, having the upper part like a Metal, metal, n. lit. anything searched for and
found ; a solid, shining, opaque body, suchas gold,
woman and the lower like a fish.masc. mer &c. ; broken stone used for macadamised roads.
man. [Fr. mer, L. mare, the sea, and Maid.]
Merry, mcr'i, adj., sportive; cheerful ; noisily gay ; [Fr.talIon,
mital ; It, metalio ; L. metallum; Gr. me
a mine, a metal, prob. conn, with mctaUaD,
causing laughter; lively.adv. merr'lly. [A.S. to searchmeta alia, after other things.]
mirig; Gael, mear, from mir, to sport.] metallic, me-t.il' ik, adj., pertaining to or like a
merriment, mer'i-ment, merrlnees, mer'i-nes, n., state metal; consisting of metal. [L. metallicus.]
of being merry; gaiety with laughter and noise ; metalliferous, met-al-ifer-us, adj., producing or
mirth ; hilarity,
merry-andrew, merl-an-droo, . a buffoon ; one who yielding metals. [L. metallifermetallum,
metal, andfero, to bear, to produce.]
attends a mountebank or quack doctor. [Merry, metalliform. me-taKi-form, adj. having the form of
and perhaps Andrew Borde, a physician in the metals; like metal,
time of Henry VIII., noted for his facetious metalline, metal-in, or me-taT, adj.,pertaining to a
speeches.] metal; consisting of or impregnated with metal,
merry-thought, me/i-thawt, n. the forked bone of a metallist, mct'al-ist, n., a worker in metals ; one
fowl's breast, which two persons pull at in play, skilled in metals,
the one who breaks off the longer part being metallise, mct'al-Tz, v.t., to form into metal ; to
thought likely to be first married. [Merry, and give to a substance its metallic properties :pr.p.
Thought.] met'alllsing ; Pa.p, met'alllsed.n. metalliea'tion.
Mesentery, mes'en-ter-i, or me/, n. a membrane in metalloid, met'al-oid, n., that which has aform or
the middle of the intestines.adj. mesenteric. appearance like a metal ; an inflammable, non-
[Gr. mesenteronmesos, middle, enteron, intes metallic body, as sulphur ; the metallic base of an
tinesentos, within.] [Gr. metallon, metal, and eidos, form.]
fate, far; me", her; mine; 1
i>3
 metalloid Mettle
metalloid, mct'al-oid, met&lloidal, met-al-oid'al, adj., meteors ; the science which treats of the atmo
sphere and its phenomena.adjs. meteorolog'ic.
Pertaining to the metalloids.
metallurgy, met'al-ur-ji, ., the art of working meteorological [Gr. meteoros, and logos, dis
course.] mtMC-or-ol'o-jist, ., one skilled in
metals ; the art of separating metals from their meteorologist,
ores.adj.metaiixir'Bic,per/ainingto metallurgy.
[Gr. metallon, metal, and ergon, work.] meteorology.
metallurgist, mct'al-ur-jist, ., one -who works Meter. Sec under Mete.
metals; one skilled in metallurgy. Methlnki, me-thuigks', in />., Methlnk/eth, v.impers.,
, &c See under Metamorphose. it seems to me; I think :pa.t. methooght, me-
, met-a-mor'fOz, v.t., to change into thawt'. [Me, and Think, j
anotherform ; to transform :pr.p. metamor Method, meth'ud, n. lit. the %vay to seek after any
phosing ; pa.p. metamorphosed. [Gr. meiamor- thing; an orderly procedure ; manner; arrange
phodmeLi, expressing change, morphi, form.]
metamorphosis, met-a-mor'fo-sis, n., change ofform ment ; system ; rule ; classification. [L. meihodus ;
Gr. methodosmeta, after, and hodos, a way.]
or shape; transformation; the change living methodlc, me-thod'ik, mc-thod'ik-al,
beings undergo in the course of their growth, in a just
metamorphlc, mct-a-mor/fik, adj., subject to change: adj., and
arranged with method;
natural manneradv. met
'mgeoL, pertaining to the changes of rocks since methodise, meth'ud-Iz, v.t., to reduce to method;
theiroriginal deposition.n. metamor'phlain, state to dispose in due order :Pr.p. methodising ;
or quality ofbeing metamorphic. Pa.p. methodised.
Metaphor, meta-fur, n. in r/tet., a transferring to Methodist, meth'ud-ist, n. orig. one who obsen-es
one object the sense of another. [Gr. metapltora method; one of a sect of Christians founded by
metapherdmeta, over, pher5, to carry.] John Wesley (17031791)1 so called from the
inetaphorlc, met-a-for'ik, metaphorical, met-a-fort- strictness of their principles : one strict or formal
taming metaphor; in religion.
kal, adj.,pertaining to or containing
not literal ; figurative.adv. metapb methodurtlc, meth-ud-ist'ik, methodistlcsj, meth-ud-
Metaphrase, met'a-fraz, *., a translation from one ist/ik-al, adj., resembling the Methodists; strict
language into another word for word. [Gr. in religious matters. adv. metbodlst'lcally.
metapnrasis meta, denoting change, and Methodism, meth'ud-izm, *., the principles and
phrasis, a speakingphrazd, to speak.] practice ofthe Methodists.
metaphrast, mct'a-frast, n., one who translates Methooght. Sec MethinU.
wordfor word.adj. metaphras'tlc.
Metaphysics, met-a-fiViks, n.shtg. lit. the science Metonic, me-ton'ik, adj. pertaining to the lunar
cycle of nineteen years. [from Melon, an
next after the treatise on Physics in the works of Athenian, the discoverer.]
Aristotle ; the science which investigates the first" Metonymy, me-ton'i-mi or mct'o-nim-i, n. lit. a
principles of nature and thought ; popularly, the change ofname ; in rhet., a trope in which one
science of mind. [Gr. meta, after, and physika, word is put for another related to it, as the effect
physics, from physis, nature.] for the cause. [Gr. metdnymiameta, <
metaphysical, met-a-fiz/ik-al, adj.. Pertaining to ing change, and onoma, a name.]
metaphysics; abstract.adv. metaphysically, metonymle, met-o-nim'ik, metonymies met-o-nim'-
metaphysician, met-a-fi-zish'an, n., one versed in ik-al, adj., used by way of 1
metaphysics. metonymlcally.
Metathesis, me-tath'e$-is, n. in gram., transposi Metre,
tion of the letters ofa word. [Gr.meiatithimi, mentMeter, meter, n. poetical measure or arrange
of syllables; rhythm ; verse: a French
to transposemeta, over, titkimi, to place.]
Mete, met, v.t., to measure :Pr.p. miYing ; Pa.p. [A.S. meter; length
measure of equal to nearly 39$ inches.
meVed. [A.S. metan ; Ger. messen ; Goth. See Mete. Fr. mitre ; L. metrum ; Gr. meiron.J
mitan ; L. metior; Sans. m&.\
metage, mer/aj, ., measurement of coal ; price of metric, mct'rik, metrical, met'rik-al, adj., pertain
ing to metre or to metrology ; consisting of
measurement, verses.adv. met'rically.
mete-yard, met'-yard, . in B., a yard or rod for metrology, me-troro-ji, the science of weights
meting or measuring, and measures. [Gr. metron, measure, and logos,
meter, mCt'cr, n., one who measures; an instru discourse.]
ment for measuring. [See Metre.]
Metempeychoeii, me"-temp-si-kS'sis, ., the trans metronome, mer/ro-nSm, n. lit. that which distri
butes measure; an instrument which measures
migration of the soul after death into some other musical
body. [Gr.meta, expressing change, and em- to distribute.] [Gr. metrun, measure, and nemS,
time.
psychosis, an animatingen, in, psydti, soul.] mctronomy, me-tron'o-mi, ., measurement oftime
Meteor, mfi'te-or, n. lit. that which is suspended by a metronome.
in the air , any appearance in the atmosphere, Metropolis, m6-trop'o-lis, n. lit. the mother-city;
as clouds, rain ; a transient fiery body m the
atmosphere ; fig. anything that transiently dazzles the chief city or capital of a country. [L. and
Gr. ; Gr. mitir, metros, motherpott's, a city.]
or strikes with wonder. [Gr. meteSrosmeta, be metropolitan, met-rO-pol'it-an, adj., belonging to a
yond, and eora, anything suspended, from aeirS, metropolis : pertaining to the mother-church.n,
to lift, perhaps akin to air, air.] orig. the bishop ifa metropolis or chief city ; the
meteoric, m-te-or'ik, adj., pertaining to or con
sisting of meteors; proceeding from a meteor; bishop province.
who presides over the other bishops of a
[L. metropolitanus.)
influenced by the weather,
meteorolite, me-te-or'o-lTt, meteorite, mc'tc-or-It, ., Mettle, metn, n. lit. fine temper ofmetal; warmth
of temperament; spirit; sprightlincss; courage;
a meteoric stone. [Gr. tnetedros, lithos, stone.] ardour, [a metaphor from the metal of a blade.]
meteorology, me-te-or-ol'o-ji, n. lit. a discourse about
fate, far ; me, her ; mine ; m6te ; mute ; mOon ; Men.
3*9
 mettled Mile
mid-day, mid'-da,
mettled, metld, mettlesome, mcr/l-sum, adj.t having adj., pertaining to mid-day. ., the middle ofthe day; noon.
mettle or spirit ; high-spirited ; ardent. [Mid, and Day.]
midland,
Mew, mil, n. a sea-fowl ; a gull. [A.S. ma*w; rounded by land; distant midland, adj., in the middle of-or sur
Dutch, meeuw; Ice. mafr, mar; Fr. maune] midnight, mid'nlt, ft., tlie from the coast ; inland.
middle of the night ;
Mew, mu, v.t., to change; to shed or cast ; to con twelve o'clock at night.adj. being at mid
fine, as in a cage.v.i. to change ; to cast the night
feathers ; to moult \pr.p. mewing ; pa./. midrib, midrib, n. iu dot., the[Mid,
; dark as midnight. and Night]
continuation of the
mewed'.., a Place for mewing or confining; leaf-stalk to the point of a leaf.
a cage for hawks while mewing ; generally in
//. a stable, because the royal stables were built midriff, mid'rif, . lit. the middle of the bowels ;
the diaphragm. [A.S. mid, hrif, the bowels.]
where the king's hawks were mewedor confined : Midship, midship, adj., naut., being in the middle
a place of confinement, [Fr, nw, It. mudare, ofa ship.adv. mid ships.
to mew ; L. muio, to change.}
Mew, mu, v.i. to cry as a cat :pr.p. mewing ; whose rankmid'ship-man,
midshipman, n. a naval cadet or officer
Pa.p. mewed'.n. the cry of a cat. [formed seamen and isthein superior the middle between the common
officers.
from the sound.]
Miasm, mi'azm, Miasma, mT-a/ma, n. lit. stain, midst, [obs.
midst, n. the middle.adv. in the middle,
middest, superl. of Mid.}
defilementi infectious matter floating in the air midsummer, mid sum-ex, ., the middle ofsummer;
arising from putrefying bodies.pi. miasmata, the summer solstice about the aist of June.
mT-az'ma-ta. [Gr. miasmamiainS, to stain.]
miasmal, ml-az'mal, miasmatic, mT-az-mar/ik, adj.. midway, mid'wa, n. , the middle ofthe way or dis
tance. adj. being in the middle of the way or
Pertaining to or containing miasma. distance.-adv. half-way. [Mid, and Way.]
Mica, mllca, . a glittering mineral which cleaves Midwife, mid'wlf, . lit. a woman who acts for a
into thin transparent plates, sometimes used as meed or reward ; a woman who assists others
glass. [L. mico, to shine or glitter.] in childbirth.^/, midlives, mid'wivz. [old E.
micaceous, ml-ka'shus, adj., pertaining to, con meadwifeA.5. mead, med, reward, and wif
sisting of, or resembling mica. [Fr. tnicaci.\ woman.]mid'wlf-ri or mid'wif-ri, ., art orpractice
Mice, plural of Mouse. midwifery,
Michaelmas, mik'cl-mas, ., the mass orfeast ofSt of a midwife or accoucheur.
Michael, a R. Cath. festival celebrated Sept. 29.
Microcosm, ml'krO-kozm, n. lit. the little world; Mien, men, . lit. wayojconductingone'sself'; man
man, who was regarded by ancient philosophers ner; bearing: look ; external appearance. [Ger.
as a model or epitome of the universe.adjs. Prov. seFr. micne; mine, from mener, to lead, conduct;
microcos'mlc, mlcrocos'mlcal, pertaining to the to drive ormenar, to behave one's selfL. mine,
microcosm. [Gr. mikros, little, and kosmos, Might, mTt, pa.guide,] t. of May.
world.] mT-krog'ra-n, ., the description of Might, mlt, n., tower;
micrography, ability; strength; energy
or intensity
small or microscopic objects. [Gr. mikros, miht ; Goth, mahts ; Ger. ot purpose or feeling. [AS. meant,
little, and graphs, to write.] macht ; from root of
May.]might
micrometer, nil-krom'e-ter, . an instrument used mighty, mlt'i, adj.. Possessing and main, utmost strength.
with a telescope or microscope for measuring power ; strong ; valiant ; very might; having great
very small distances.adj. micromet'rlcal. [Gr. exhibiting might ; wonderful.n. great ; important ;
mikros, little, and metron, measure.] in B., a vali
ant man.adv. mightily.
mlcrophyllons, mT-krofil-us, adj. moot.Jtavingsmall mightiness, mlt'i-ncs, ., quality of being mighty;
leaves. [Gr. mikros, little, andphyllon, leaf.] power ; greatness : a title of dignity ; excellency.
microscope, mllcrO-skOp, n. an optical instrument Mignonette, min-yo-nct', . lit. little darling; an
for viewing small or minute objects. [Gr. annual plant, bearing sweet-scented flowers. [Fr.
mikros, little, and skopeS, to look at.]
microscopic, ml-kro-skop'ik, microscopical, ml-kr5- dim. of mignon, darling.] See M><"<""
skop'ik-al, adj.. Pertaining to a microscope; Mlgrato, mfgrat, v.t. to remove for residence from
made by or resembling a microscope ; visible only one country to another :pr.p. ml'griiting ; Pa.p.
by the aid ofa microscope.adv. microscopically, migrated. [L. migro, migratum.]
microscoplst, ml'kro-skOp-ist, n., one skilled in the migratory, ml'gra-tor-i, adj., migrating or accus
use of the microscope. tomed to migrate ; wandering.
Mid, mid, adj., middle; situated between extremes. migration, nil-gra'shun, ., act of migrating. [L.
[A.S. mtdde; Ger. mitte; L. tnedius ; Gr. migralio.}
mesosmid'lj
; Sans,adj.,
madhya.] Milch, milch, adj. that is milked. [See Milk.]
middle, equally distant from the ex
tremes ; intermediate ; intervening.., the Mild, mild, adj. lit.friendly ; merciful; tender and
middle point or part; midst; central portion. gentle bitter
in temper and disposition : not sharp or
; acting gently ; gently and pleasantly af
[A.S. middel; Ger. mittel,] fecting the senses : soft ; calm.adv. mildly.
middle-man, midl-man, ., one who stands in the n. mildness. [A.S. mild, mild, merciful; Ger.
middle between two persons ; an agent between milde; Ice. mildr,
two parties ; in Ireland, one who rents land of Mildew, mi I'du, n. lit. gracious.] meal-dew; a white appear
proprietors in large tracts, and lets it in portions ance on the leaves ofplants, consisting of minute
to the peasantry,
middlemost, mid'l-mGst, in B., adj. nearest the fungi.v.t. to taint with mildew :fr.p. mil'dew-
ing ; Pa.p. mil'dewed. [Ger.
middle muffling, adj., ofmiddle rents, state, size, Mile, mil, n. lit. a thousand paces ; 1760 mchlthau, flour-dew.]
middling, yards.
or quality ; about equally distant from the ex [A.S. mil ; Fr. mille; contr. of L. mille pas-
tremes ; moderate. suum, a thousand paces, the Roman mile.]
fate, fir; me, her; mine; mOte ; mute ; mCTOn; tkau
 mileage
mileage, mTl'j, . fees paid by the mil* for travel
or conveyance,
milestone, mil'stGn, n. a stone set to mark the
distance of a mile.
Milfoil, mil'foil, n. lit. the thousand-leaved plant ;
the herb yarrow, remarkable for the numerous
divisions of its leaf. [L. millefoliummilte,
thousand, andfolium, a leaf.]
Miliary. See under Millat.
Militate, nuTi-tat, v.i. lit. to be a soldier, to fight ;
to contend ; to stand opposed :pr.p. mil'ititing ;
Pa.p. mil'itated. [L. milito, -atum, to be a
soldiermiles, militis, a soldier.]
militant, mil i-tant, adj. lit. serving as a soldier ;
fighting ; engaged in warfare. [L. mititans,
-antis, pr.p. of milito.]
military, mil i-tar-i, adj., pertaining- to soldiers or
warfare ; warlike ; becoming a soldier ; engaged
in the profession of arms : derived from service
as a soldier.. soldiery ; the army. [L. mili-
tarismiles.}
twiim^ mi-lish'a, n. lit. soldiers, an army ; a body
of men enrolled and drilled as soldiers, but only
liable to home service. [Sp. miliciaL. miles.]
militiaman, mi-Iish'a-man, n., a man or soldier in
the militiaforce*
Milk, milk, v.t, lit. to stroke, to handle; to squeeze
or draw milk from : to supply with milk :pr.p.
milk'ing ; pa.p. milked'..-a white fluid secreted
by female mammals for the nourishment of their
young: a milk-like juice of certain plants.n.
mllk'er. [A.S. meolcmelcan, to milk; Gcr.
milchmelken, to handle ; akin to L. mulgeo,
to milk, mulceo, to stroke, Gr. amelgS, tosqueeze.]
milksop, milk'sop, n. a piece of bread sopped or
soaked in milk : an effeminate, silly fellow,
milk-tree, milk'-tre", n., a tree yielding a milk-like,
nourishing juice, as the cow-tree of S. America;
milky, milki, adj., made of, full of, like, or yielding
milk ; soft ; gentle.adv. mtlk'ily.n. milk iness.
mllk'y-way, in astr., a broad, luminous oxivhilisk
zone in the sky, supposed to be the light of in
numerable fixed stars.
Kill, mil, n. a machineforgrindingamy substance,
as grain, by crushing it between two hard, rough
surfaces. v.t. to grind; to press or stamp in a
mill ; to stamp, as coin ; to clean, as cloth '.pr.p.
mill'ing ; Pa.p. milled'.n. mill'er. [old E., A.S.
miln, Ger. milhle, Gr. myli, L. mala, a mill
molo, to grind, akin to Sans, tnrid, to bruise.]
mill-cog, miT'-kog, ., a cog of a. mill-wheel.
mill-dam, mil'-dam, mill-pond, mil'-pond, n., a dam
or pond to hold water for driving a mill.
miller, mil'er, n. one who attends a corn-mill.
miller thumb, nuTcrz-thum, n. a small fresh-water
fish with a large, broad, and rounded head like a
miller's thumb, the river bull-head,
millrace, mil'ras, ., the current of water that
turns a mill-wheel, or the canal in which it runs,
millstone, mil'stonj n. one of the two stones used
in a mill for grinding corn,
millitone-grlt, mir'stOn-grit, n. In geoI., a hardgritty
variety of sandstone in the coal-measures, very
suitablefor millstones.
millwright, mil'rit, ., a wrigkt or mechanic who
builds and repairs mills.
Millenary, mU'le-nar-i,a^'. ^consistingofa thousand.
ft. a thousand years. [L. millenariusmilleni,
a thousand eachmille, a thousand.]
millennium, mil-Icnl-um, ., a thousandyears ; the
thousand years during which, as some believe,
fate, far ; mS, her ; mine ;
V
Mince
Christ will personally reign on the earth. [L.
mille, a thousand, annus, a year.]
mUlenarian, mil-le-na'ri-an, adj., lastinga thousand
years; pertaining to the millennium.n. one
believing in the millennium.ns. millena'rianism,
mii'lenarlsm, the doctrine of millenarians.
millennial, mil-len'i-al, adj. , pertaining to a thous
andyears; pertaining to the millennium.
tnillennianiim, mil-len'i-an-izm, nullennlarism, mil-
len'i-ar-izm, ., belief in the millennium.n.
millenn'lalirt, a believer in the millennium.
milleped, mil'e-ped, . lit. an animal with a
thousandfeet; a small worm-like animal, with
an immense numberoflegs.//.milTepeuea(-pedz).
[L. millej>edamille, and fes, pedis, a foot.]
millesimal, mil-les'im-af, adj., thousandth; con
sisting of thousandth parts.adv. millesimally.
[L. millesimusmille, thousand.]
million, mil'yun, n., a thousand thousands
(1,000,000) ; a very great number. Llow L. millio
L. mille, thousand.]
millionaire, mil'yun-ar, . a man worth a milium
of money or enormously rich. [Fr.]
mlllionary, mil'yun-ar-i, adj., pertaining to or con
sisting of millions.
millionth, mil'yunth, adj. or n. the ten hundred
thousandth.
Millet, miTet.K. areed in the E. Indies, yieldinggrain
used for food : a hardy grass of several species.
[A.S. mil, Fr. mil, millet, L. milium; from
mille, thousand, from the number of its seeds.]
miliary, mil'yar-i. adj., resembling a millet-seed;
attended with an eruption of small red pimples,
like millet-seeds, as fever. [L. milium.]
Milliner, mil'in-er, . one who makes head-dresses,
bonnets, &c. for women. [Milaner, a native of
Milan, famous for its manufactures ofelilk and
ribbons.]
millinery, mil'in-er-i, ., the articles made or sold
by milliners.
Milt, milt, . the soft milk-like roe of fishes : in
anal., the spleen. v.t. to impregnate, as the
spawn of the female fish :Pr.p. milling ; Pa.p.
milt'ed.. milt er, a male fish. [Ger. milch,
milk, anything like milk, milt; Ice. mjaltir, a
milking.]
Mimetic, mT-mct'ik, mimetlcal, nu-mct'ik-.al, adj.,
apt to mimic or imitate. [Gr. mimetikos
mimos, an imitator.]
mimic, mim'ik, mimical, mim'ik-al, adj., imitative;
apt to copy ; consisting of ludicrous imitation :
miniature. [L. mimicus, Gr. mimikosmimos.]
mimic, mim'ik, v.t., to imitate for sport :~j>r.p.
mim'icking '.pa.p. mim'icked.n. one who mimics
or imitates ; a buffoon : a servile imitator.
mimicry, mim'ik-ri, ., act or practice of one who
mimics.
Minaret, min'a-ret, n. lit. a lantern, a light-house;
a turret on a Mohammedan mosque, from which
the people are summoned to prayers. [Ar. man-
arat, light-housenara, to shine, akin to Hcb.
minora, a candlesticknur, to give light.]
Mince, mins, v.t. to cut into smallpieces ; to chop
fine : to diminish or suppress a part in speaking ;
to pronounce affectedly.v.i. to walkwith affected
nicety ; to speak affectedly '-pr.p. minting ;
Pa.p. minced (minst'). [old Fr. mincer,Yx. men-
Miser, to break or cut smallL. minuo, to make
lessminor, less: or A.S. minsianmin, less,
Goth, mins, Fr. mince, very thin, old Ger.
minnisto, superl. of min, less.]
mOte ; mute ; mown ; Men. .
 minced-pie
j minst'-pT, mlnce-ple, mins'-pT, a pie
made with minced-meat, &c.
mincing, mins'ing, adj. not giving fully ; speaking
orwalking with affected nicety.adv. minc'lngly.
Mind, mind, n. the faculty hy which we think, &c. ;
the understanding ; the soul : choice ; intention :
thoughts or sentiments ; belief: remembrance :
iaB., disposition.v.t. orig. to remind; to attend
to ; to obey : (Scotch) to remember :v.i. in Bu
to intend '.pf-P- mTnd'ing : Pa*P- mTnd'ed.
[A.S. mynd; myndan, to remind ; Ger. meinen,
to think; Ger. maknen, L. maruo, to put in
mind ; L. mens, mentis, the mindSans, root
man, to think.]
minded, mlnd'ed, adj., having a mind; disposed ;
determined.n. mind edneaa.
mindful, mlnd'fool, adj., bearingin mind; attentive;
observant.adv. mind'folly.n. mindfulness,
mindless, mind'les, adj., without mind; stupid.
Mine, mm, adj., pron., belonging to me; my.
[A.S. min, Ger. mein.] See Me, My.
Mine, mln, n. a place from which stones or metals
are dug : an excavation dug under a fortification
to blow it up with gunpowder : a rich source of
wealth.v.t. to dig or form mines ; to excavate ;
to burrow.v.t. to form mines under; to des
troy by secret means:Pr.p. mln'ing; pa.p.
mined'. [Fr. miner, to dig under groundmine,
It. mina{ a mine ; Gael, meinn, W. mwn, mivyn,
ore, a mine, moon, a stone.]
miner, mTn'er, ., one who digs in a mine, [mines.
mining, mining, ., the art offorming or working
mineral, min'er-al, n. lit. that which is dugout ofa
mine ; any substance containing a metal.adj.
relating to minerals; impregnated with minerals,
as water ; a term applied to inorganic substances.
[Fr.low L. mineralemitiera, a mine.]
mineralise, min'er-al-Iz, v.t.t to make into a min
eral; to give the properties of a mineral to; to
impregnate
minerals \pr.p. with mineral matter.v.i.
min'erallsing ; Pa.p.to min'ere
collect
alised. mineralisation,
mlnerallst, min'cr-al-ist, n.p one versed in or
employed about minerals.
mineralogy, min-er-al'o-jijW., thescienceofminerals;
the art of describing and classifying minerals,
[mineral, and Gr. logosx discourse, science.]
mineralogies!, min-er-al-oj'ik-al, adj., pertaining to
mineralogy.adv. mineral!
mineralogist, min-er-al'o-jist,
mineralogy.
, min'c-ver, n. same as Menlrar.
j ming*gl, v.t., to mix; to unite into one
mass : to confuse : to join in mutual intercourse.
v.i. to be mixed or confused '.Pr.p. mingling ;
p&>P- mingled.n. mingler. [A.S. mamgatt,
Dutch, mengelen, Gr. mignuS, to mix.] _
, mimjgling, ., mixture; a mixing or
\ togethes,adv. minglingly.
i, min'i-a-tOr or minl-tur, n. lit. a painting
in vermilion; a painting on a small scale.adj.
on a small scale ; minute.v.t. to represent on a
small scale. [Fr.low L. miniatura, a painting
like those used to ornament manuscriptsminio,
to write with red leadL. minium, vermilion.]
Minis.in. See under Minion.
Minim, min'im, n. \\t.anything very small; in med..,
the smallest liquid measure, a drop, ^ drachm :
in music, a note equal to two crotchets. [Fr.
minimeL. minimus, the least, the smallest.]
fate, far ; mi, her; mine;
Mint
u, the least quantity or
degree possible ; a trifle.//, minima. [L.]
Mining. See under Mine.
Minion, min'yun, ft., a darling, afavourite, esp.
ofa prince ; a flatterer : inPrinting, a small kind
of type. [Fr. mignon, a darlingold Ger.
minnt, minnia, love, minne, my love ; Dutch,
minnen, to love.]
minikin, min'i-kin, n., a little darling: a small
sort of pin.adj. small, [dim. of Minion.]
Mlnish, min'ish, v.t. in B.. to make little or less ;
to dimmish '.Pr.p. minishing; Pa.p. min'ished.
[Fr. menuiserL. minuo, tp lessenminor, less. ]
See Minor.
Minister, min'is-ter, ., one in a lowerposition; a
servant : one serving'at the altar ; a clergyman :
one transacting business under another ; one en
trusted with the management of state affairs ; the
representative ofa government at a foreign court.
v.i. to attend, as a servant ; to perform duties ;
to give things needful.v.t. to furnish:Pr.p.
min'istering '.Pa.p. ministered. [L.minor, less.
See Minor.] See Magistrate.
ministerial,min-is-te'ri-al, adj.,pertainingtoattend
ance as a servant; acting under superior
authority : pertaining to the office of a minister;
clerical ; executive.adv. mlnlste'rially.
minlstrant, minls-trant, adj., actingas a minister.
administering; attendant. [L.ministrans,
pr.p. of ministro, to ministerminister.)
ministration, min-is-tra'shun, n., act ofmini*
or performing service : office or service of a min
ister. [L. ministratiominislro.]
mlnlstratlve, minls-trat-iv, adj., ministering; serv
ing to aid or assist.
ministry, min'is-tri, n., act ofministering; service :
office or duties of a minister: the clergy; the
clerical profession : the body ofministers of state.
Miniver, same as Meniver.
Mink, mingk, n. a small quadruped of the weasel
kind, valued for its fur. [a form of Minx.]
Minnow, min'O", n., a very small fresh-water fish;
the young of larger fish, [old Fr. mcnuise I
menu, small, from root of Minor. ]
Minor, ml'nor, adj., smaller; less; inferior in im- '
portance, degree, bulk, &c. ; inconsiderable ;
lower : in music, lower by a semitone : in logic,
the term ofa syllogism which forms the subject of
the conclusion.n. a person under age (21 years).
[L. (comp. of Parvus, small)root min, small.]
minority, mi-nori-ti, ., the state ofbeing a minor
or under age : the smaller number :opposed to
majority.
Minotaur, min'o-tawr, n., the bull of Minos, a fab
ulous monster, half man half bull [L.
taurusMinos, an ancient king of
taunts, a bull.]
Minster, min'ster, ., the church ofa monastery or
one to which a monastery has been attached ;
sometimes, a cathedral church. [A.S. mynster,
old Fr. monstier, L. monasterium, a monastery.]
Minstrel, min'strel, n. one who ministered to the
amusement of the rich by music or jesting; one
of an order of men who sang to the harp verses
composed by themselves or others ; a musician,
[old Fr. menestrel, low L. ministrellus, from L.
minister.} See Minister.
minstrelsy, min'strel-si. ., the art or occupation oj
a minstrel; the collective body of minstrels; a
body of song; instrumental music
Mint, mint, n. the place where money is coined by
mSte; mate; moon; then.
 mlnter Miscreant
authority; a place where anything is invented as in a mirror :Pr.p. mirr'oring ; Pa.p. mirr'ored.
or fabricated ; any source of abundant supply. [Fr. miroirL. miror, -atus, to wonder at.]
v.t. to coin: to invent '.Pr.p. minting; pa.p.
minted. [A.S. mynet, money, Ger. mUnze, L. Mirth, merth, merriness; pleasure; delight;
monita, a surname of Juno, in whose temple at noisy gaiety; jollity; laughter. [A.S. mirth,
Rome money was coinedmoneo, to remind] mirthful, mireadhmir,
Gael, to sport] See Merry.
merth'fool, adj., full of mirth or merri
mlnter, mint/er> ., one who minis or coins; ment ; merry ; jovialadv. mirth fully.,
inventor. mirth'fulness.
mintage, mint'fij, n.t that which is minted or Miry. See under Mire.
coined; the duty paid for coining.
Hint, mint, n. an aromatic plant producing a highly Misadventure, mis-ad-ven'tQr, ., an unfortunate
adventure ; ill-luck ; disaster. [A.S. prefix mis,
odoriferous oil. [A.S. minte, Dutch, munte, ill, and Adventure.]
Ger. munze, L. mentha, Gr. mintha.]
Minuend, min'Q-end, n. the number to be lessened Misadvised, directed.
mis-ad-vlzd', adj. , ill-advised, ill-
by subtraction. [L. minuendumminuo, to Misalliance, mis-al-li'ans, ., a bad or improper
lessen, from root of Minor J alliance or association.
minuet, min'Q-et, n. a slow, graceful dance with Misanthrope,
short steps; the tune regulating such a dance. thro-pist, n., a hater ofMisanthropist,
mis'an-thrSp, mis-an'-
mankind. [Fr.Gr.
[Fr. menuetmenu, smallroot of Minor.]
minus, mi'nus, adj., less ; the sign () before quan misanthropic, mis-an-throp'ik, misanthropical,a man.]
misanthrSpos~~mised, to h&tc, anthropos,
mis-
tities requiring to be subtracted. [L., neuter of an-throp'ik-al, adj., hating mankind.adv.
t?,adj, yexysmall; extremely slender misanthropTcallv.
or little : of small consequence ; slight : atten misanthropy, mis-an'thro-pi, n., hatred to mankind.
tive to small things; particular; exact.adv. Misapply, mis-ap-pli', v. toapplyamissox wrongly.
. mlaappUca'tlon. [pfx. mis, and Apply. |
minutely.. minuteness. [Fr., L. minutus, Misapprehend,
pa.p. of minuo, to lessen.] mis-ap-pr-hcnd', v.t., to apprehend
wrongly.n. misapprehen'slon.
Dinute, min'it, or -ut, . lit. something- minute or Misappropriate,
very small ; the sixtieth part of an hour ; the ate wrongly.n. mis-ap-prO'pri-at, v.t., to appropri
sixtieth part of a degree ; an indefinitely small Visarrange, misappropria tion.
}f time: a brief jotting or note.v.t. to mis-ar-r5oj', v.t., to arrange wrongly.
make a briefjotting or note of anything '.Pr.p. Misbecome, mis-bfi-kum', v.t., to ill become; not to
min'uting ; Pa.p. min'uted. suit or befit.
minute-book, min'it-book, ., a book containing Misbehave, mis-be-h.lv', v.i., to behave ill or im
minutes or short notes, properly. *,- misbehaviour.
minute-glass, min'it-glas, ., a glass the sand of Misbelieve, mis-beVleV, v.t., to believe wrongly
which measures a minute in running, or falsely.ns. misbelief, miibeliev'er.
minute-gun, min'it-gun, ., a gun discharged every Miscall, mis-kawl', v.t., to call by a wrong name ;
minute, as a signal of distress or mourning, to abuse or revile.
minute-hand, min'it-hand, n. , the hand thatpoints Miscalculate,
to the minutes on a clock or watch, mis-kallcu-Ut, v.t., to calculate
minutue, mi-nu'shi-e', ., minute or small things; MlscaiTT,wrongly.n. miscalculation.
the smallest particulars or details. [L.J mis-kar'i, v.i., to carrybadly ; to be unsuc
Minx, mingles, n. lit. a little pet; a pert young cessful forth,
; to fail of the intended effect ; to bring
as young, prematurely.n. nuscarr'lage.
girl ; a sne-puppy : a mink, [contr. of minikin.]
Miocene, mi'o-sen, ad/, vcigeol., less recent, applied Miscellaneous, mis-sel-lan'i-us, adj.. mixed or
to the middle division of the tertiary strata. [Gr. mingled ; consisting of several kinds.adv. mis-
ceUan'eously.n. mlscellaa eonsneam. [L. miscel-
meidn, less, and kainos, recent,] laneusmisceo, to mix. See Mix.]
Miracle, rmYa-kl, n. lit. that which causes admira miscellany, mis'el-an-i, n. Ut a mixture of various
tion or wonder; anything wonderful: a prodigy; kinds; a collection of
anything beyond human power, and deviating jects.n. mis'cAlienist, awritings on different sub
writer of miscellanies.
from the common action of the laws of nature ; Mischance, mis-Chans', n., an
a supernatural event. [Fr. ; L. miraculum, from mishap, misfortune ; calamity.ill chance; ill-luck;
miror, miratus, to wonder.]
miraculous, mi-rak'u-lus, adj., of the nature of a Mischief, mis'chif, n. , that which comes to a head
miracle; done by supernatural power; very or ends ill; an ill consequence; evil; injury ;
damage, [old Fr. meschef, from mis, ill, and
wonderful : able to perform miracles.adv. chef L. caput, the head.]
mirac ulously.n. mirac'ulousness.
Mirage, mi-razh', n. an optical illusion by which mischievous, mis'chiv-us, adj., causing mischief;
objects are seen double as ifreflected in a mirror, oualy.n.; mU'chievousnesa.
injurious prone to mischief.adv. mis'chiev-
or appear as if suspended in the air. [Fr., from Misconceive, mis-kon-se'v', v.t., to conceive wrongly;
root of Mirror.]
Xlre, mlr, ., marshy ground; deep mud.v.i. to mistake.v.i. to have a wrong conception of
anything.n. misconcep'tlon.
to plunge and fix m mire ; to soil with mud. Misconduct,
v.i. to sink in mud :pr.p. mlr'ing ; Pa.p. mired'. misconduct',mis-kon'dukt,
to conduct badly.
n bad conduct.v.t.
[Ice. myri, marsh, Dutch, moer, mud, bog.]
miry, mlr'i, adj., consistingofor abounding in mire; pret wrongly.n. misconstruetotion.
Misconstrue, mis-kon'strGO, v.t., construe or inter
covered with mire.n. nuVlneu. Miscount, nus-lcount', v.t., to count wrongly.*.
. nuYur, n, lit. somethingwonderful; a look a wrong counting.
ing-glass ; any polished substance in which Miscreant, misTar-ant, n. lit an unbeliever, for
bjects may be seen; a pattern.p. t. to reflect merly an infidel; a vile or unprincipled fellow.
Cite, far ; mc, hex ; mine ; mOte ; mflte ; mOOn ; Men.
333
 Misdate
{old Fr. mescr/ant, It. miscredentemis, and
L. credens, -entis, pr.p. of credo, to believe]
Misdate, mis-dat', n., a wrong date.v.t. to date
wrongly or erroneously.
Misdeed, mis-ded', ., a bad deed; fault ; crime.
Misdemeanour, mis-de-men'ur, ., ill demeanour ;
bad conduct ; a petty crime.
Misdirect, mis-di-rekt', v.t., to direct wrongly.-.
luisdirec'tion.
Misdo, mis-dso', v.t., to da wrongly; to commit a
crime or fault.n. misdo'er.
Misemploy, mis-cm-ploy', v. t., to employ wrongly or
amiss ; to misuse.
Miser, mfzer, n. a miserable or wretched person ; an
extremelycovetous person ; a niggard ; one whose
chief pleasure is the hoarding of wealth. [L.
miser, wretched or miserable.]
miserable, miz'er-abl, adj., wretched or exceedingly
unhappy; causing misery: very poor or mean;
worthless ; despicable ; barren.adv. nuVerably.
n. mis'erablcness [L. miserabilt's.]
miserly, mfzer-li, adj., like a miser; excessively
covetous ; sordid ; niggardly,
misery, mi/er-i, n., wretchedness x great unhappi-
ness ; extreme pain ofbody or mind. [L. miseria.]
Miserere, miz-c-r'rc, n. lit. have mercy; in R.
Cath. Church, the 51st psalm, beginning with
this word, and usually appointed for penitential
acts : a musical composition adapted to this
psalm. [L. 2d. pcrs. sing, imperative of mise-
reor, to have mercymiser.\
Misfortune, mis-for'tun, ill-fortune ; an evil
accident ; calamity.
Misgive, mis-giv7, v.t. orig. to give amiss; to fill
with doubt ; to fait, as the heart.w. misgiv Ing,
a failing of confidence ; mistrust.
Mlagotten, mis-got'n, adj., wronglygotten ; unjustly
obtained.
Misgovern, mis-guVem, v.t., to govern ill.. mii-
gov'ornmont.
Misguide, mis-gld', v.t., to guide wrongly; to lead
into error.n. misguidance.
Mishap, mis-hap', ., ill liap or chance ; accident ;
ill-luck ; misfortune.
Misimprove, mis-im-prCoV, v.t., to improve or use
to a bad purpose ; to abuse ; to misuse.n. mis-
improve'ment.
Misinform, mis-in-form', v.t., to inform or tell in
correctly.us. misiuforma'tion, milInform'cr.
Misinterpret, mis-in-tcr'prct, v.t., to interpret
wrongly.ns. misinterpreta'tion, mlslnter'preter.
Misjoln, mis-join', v.t., tojoin improperly or unfitly,
misjoinder, mis-join'der, n. in law, an incorrect
union of parties or of causes of action in a suit.
Misjudge, mis-juj', v.t. and i., tojudge wrongly.
n. misjuds/ment.
Mislay, mis-li', v. t. , to lay in a wrong place or in
a place not remembered; to lose.
Misle, mizl. See under Mist.
Mislead, mis-lid', v.t., to lead wrong ; to guide into
error ; to cause to mistake.
Misletoe. Sec Mistletoe.
Mismanage, mis-man'iij, v.t., to manage or conduct
ill. n. mliman'agement.
Misname, mis-nam', v.t., to call by ihc wrongname.
misnomer, mis-nO'mer, n., a misnaming; a wrong
name, [prefix mis, and Fr. nommcr, L. nomine,
to name.] Sec Name.
Mlsogamist, mis-og'a-mist, n., a hater ofmarriage.
n. misog amy. [Gr. tniseo, to hate, and gamos,
marriage.J
fate, far ; me, hex ; mine ;
324
Mistake
Misogynist, mis-ojl-nist, n., a woman hater.n,
misog yny. [Gr. mised, to hate, andy, a woman.]
Misplace, mis-plas', v.t. to put in a wrong place;
to set on an improper object.n. misplace ment.
Misprint, mis-print', v.t., to print wrong. . a
mistake in printing.
Misprize, mis-prlz', v.t. to prize lightly; to slight
or undervalue.
Mispronounce, mis-pro-nouns', v.t., to pronounce
incorrectly.
mispronunciation, mis-pro-nun-si-a'shun, ft., wrong
or improper pronunciation.
Misquote., mis-kwOt', v.t., to quote wrongly.n.
misquota tion, a wrong quotation.
Misreckon, mis-rek'n, v.t., to reckon or compute
wrongly.n. nusreckoning.
Misrepresent, mis-rep-rC-zcnr', v.t., to represent
ificorrectly.n. misrepreienta'tion.
Misrule, nus-rSol', n., wrong or unjust rule; dis
order; tumult
Miss, mis, n. a title of address of an unmarried
female; a young woman or girl.pi. Misses,
[contracted from Mistress.]
Misi, mis, v.t. to fail to hit, reach, find, or keep;
to omit ; to fail to have ; to discover the absence
of; to feel the want of.v.t. to fail to hit; to
deviate from the true direction ; to mistake ; not
to succeed ; to fail to obtain. Icarn, or find :
pr.p. missing ; pa.p. missed.n., a deviation
from the mark. [A.S. missian, Dutch, missert,
to miss ; Ice. rnissa, to lose.]
miaiing, mis'ing, adj. absent from the place where
it was expected to be found ; lost ; wanting.
Missal, mis'al, n. the Roman Catholic mass-book,
[low L. missa/e, from rnissa, mass.] Set Mass.
Missel, Mlsseltoe. See Mistletoe.
Misshape, mis-shiip', v.t., to shape ill; to deform.
Missile, mis'il, adj., that may be thrown from the
hand or any instrument.. a missile weapon.
[L. missilismitto, missum, to send, throw.]
mission, mish'un, a sending; a being sent with
certain powers, esp. to propagate religion ; per
sons sent on a mission ; an embassy ; a station or
association of missionaries ; duty on which one
is sent ; purpose of life. [Fr. ; L. missio.]
missionary, mish'un-ar-i, ., one sent upon a mis
sion to propagate religion.adj. pertaining to
missions. [Fr. missionnaire.]
missive, mis'iv, adj., that may be sent ; intended to
be thrown or hurled.n., that which is sent, as
a letter. [Fr. ; It. missiva.]
Missing. Sec under Miss, v.t.
Misspell, mis-spel', v.t., to spell wrong.n. mis-
epell'lng, a wrong spelling.
Misspend, mis-spend', v.t., to spend ill ; to waste or
squander.
Misstate, mis-stat', v.t., to stafewrongly or falsely.
n. misstate ment.
Mist, mist, ., that 7t>A/cAdimsor darkens ; watery
vapour in the atmosphere ; rain falling in very .
fine drops. [A.S. mist, mist, darkness, mistian,
to darken ; Ice. mistr; Dutch, mist, miest.]
xalstle, misle, mizzle, mizl, v.t'. to fall in very fine
drops, like a thick mist or rain.
mizzle, miz'I, n., mist; fine rain.
misty, mist'i, adj., full of mist; dim; obscure.
adv. mlst'ily.n. mist lneis.
Mistake, mis-tak', r./.lit. to take wrongly ; thunder-
stand erroneously ; to take one thing c,t person
for another.v.t. to err in opinion or judgment.
mOte ; mute ; mSOn ; Men.
I
 mistaken
n. a taking or understanding wrongly ; an error,
[prefix mis, and Take.]
mistaken, mis-tak'n, adj., taken or understood
incorrectly ; guilty ofa mistake ; in error : errone
ous ; incorrectadv. mUtak tnly.
Mister, nuYter, n., master; sir;a title of address
to a man, written Mr. [a form of Master.]
Misterm, mis-term', v.t., to term or name wrongly.
Mistime, mis-tlm', v.t., to time wrongly.
Mistiness. Sec under Mlat.
Mlstitte, mis-tl'tl, v.t., to call by a wrong title.
Mlstle. See under Hurt.
Mistletoe, Miiletoe, miz/l-tfl, n. a parasitic evergreen
plant, sometimes found on the apple and oak.
[AS. mistelta; Ger. ntistel; Ice. mistelteinn
mistet, perhaps = L. viscus, bird-lime, and teinn,
A.S. tan, a twig, sprout.]
missel, nuYl, missel-bird, nuYl-berd, n. the largest
of the European thrushes, which feeds on the
berries of the mistletoe.
Mistranslate, mis-trans-Ur/, v.t., to translate incor
rectly.n. mlstransla tlou.
Mistress, rms'tres, n. {/em. of Master), lit. a woman
who is great or mighty ; a woman having power,
or ownership; the female head of a family,
school, &c. : a woman well skilled in anything:
a woman loved ; a concubine : a form of address,
usually written Mrs. [old Fr. maistresse ; Fr.
maitressc, from root of Master.]
Mistrust, mis-trust', n. , want oftrust or confidence.
v.t. to regard with suspicion ; to doubt.
mistrustful, mis-trust'fool, adj., full of mistrust.
adv. mistrust fully. n. mistrust fulncsB.
Hlaty. Sec under Hurt.
Misunderstand, mis-un-dcr-stand', v.t., to under
stand wrongly ; to take in a wrong sense.
misunderstanding, mis-un-der-stand'ing, ., wrong
understanding: disagreement ; difference.
Misuse, mis-Qz', v.t., to use improperly; to treat
ill; to abuse.. misuse, -us', improper use; em
ployment to a bad purpose.
Mite, mTt, n. a very minute insect, which gener
ally breeds in cheese, so called from its smallness :
the minutest or smallest of coins, about J of a
farthing ; anything very small ; a very little
quantity. [A.S. and Fr. mite for minute; L.
minutum. Sec Minute.]
mity, mlt'i, adj.,full ofmites or insects.
Mitigate, nuVi-gat, v.t., to make soft or mild; to
alleviate ; to soften in severity ; to temper ; to
reduce in amount :pr.p. mit/igating; pa.p. mit
igated. [L. mitigo, -atummitis, soft, mild.]
aitlgable, mir'i-gabl, adj., that can be mitigated.
mitigative, mit'i-gat-iv, adj., tending to mitigate ;
soothing. [L. mitigativus.]
mitixator, mit'i-gat-or, ., one who mitigates.
mitigation, mit-i-gi'shun, n.t act of mitigating;
alleviation ; abatement.
Mitre, mfter, n.} a head-dress or crown of arch
bishops and bishops, and sometimes of abbots;
fig. episcopal dignity : in arch., a junction of two
pieces, as of moulding, at an angle of 45*.v.t.
to adorn with a mitre : to unite at an angle of 45' :
pr.p. ml'tring ; Pa.p. mftred. [Fr. ; L. mitra;
Gr. mitra, head-dress, akin to mitos, thread.]
mitral, mT'tral, adj., ofor resembling a mitre. [Fr.]
mltriform, mit'ri-form, adj., having the form ofa
mitre : in bot., conicaf, and somewhat dilated at
the base. [Mitre, and Form.J
Mitt, mit, Mitten, mit'n, n. lit. a coverfor the hand;
fate, far j mC, her ; mine ;
Mode
a kind of glove for winter use, without a separate
cover for each finger ; a glove for the hand and
wrist, but not the fingers. [Fr. mitaine; Gael.
mutanmath, the hand.]
Mity. See under Mite.
Mix, miks, v.t. to unite two or more things into
one mass; to mingle; to associate.v.t. to be
come mixed ; to be joined ; to associate :pr.p.
mix'ing; Pa.p. mixed'.n. mixer. [A.S. miscan;
Ger. mischen ; L. misceo ; Gr. mignumi, misgd ;
Sans, micr.]
mixture, miks'tur, n., act of mixing or state of
being mixed ; a mass or compound formed by
mixing: in chem., a composition in which the
ingredients retain their properties.
Mlntei), mir/n, n. in a three-masted vessel, the hind*
most of the fore and aft sails, lying along the
middle otthe ship.adj. belonging to the mizzen ;
nearest the stern. [It. mczzatia, from mezzo, L.
medius, the middle.]
mizxen-uuurt, miz'n-mast, n.t the mast that bears
the mizzen.
Mizzle. Sec under Mist.
Mnemonic, nS-mon'ik, Mnemonical, nc'-mon'ik-a],
adj., assisting the memory. [Gr. mnemonikos
mnemdn, mindfulmnaomai, to remember.)
mnemonics, ne-mon'iks, ., the art or science of
assisting the memory.
Moan, mOn, v.t. to make a low sound of grief or
pain; to lament audibly.v.t. to lament.n.
audible expression of pain :Pr.p. moan'ing ;
Pa.p. moaned'. [AS. ma-nan. \
Moat, mOt, n. a deep trench round a castle or forti
fied place, sometimes filled with water.v.t, to
surround with a moat:pr.p. moat'ing; pa.p.
moat'ed. [Fr. motte, a clod, hillock ; mothe, a
little earthen fortress; It. motla, clod, moia,
mud, turf ; perhaps from the root of Mote.]
Mob, mob, n., the mobile or fickle common people ;
the vulgar ; a disorderly crowd ; a riotous assem
bly.v.t, to attack in a disorderly crowd; to
harass tumultuous!y :pr.p. mobb'ing; Pa.p.
mobbed', fobs. E. mobile; L. mobile vulgus
mobilis, movable, from tnoveo, to move, and
vulgus, the people.] Sec Move.
mobile, mO'bil or mO-beT, adj., that can be moved
or excited.n. mobility, quality ofbeing mobile.
mobilise, mob'i-llz, v.t. lit. to convert into movables ;
to call into active service, as troops.h. mobiliaa'-
tion. [Fr. mobiliser.]
Moccasin, mok'a-sin, n. a shoe of deer-skin or other
soft leather, worn by the North American Indians,
[a native word.]
Mock, mok, v.t. lit / 1 make mows or mouths at;
to laugh at ; to make sport of ; to mimic in
ridicule : to disappoint the hopes of; to deceive:
pr.p. mock'ing ; Pa.p. mocked'.n. ridicule ;
a sneer.adj. imitating reality, but not real;
false.n. mock sr.adv. mock ingly. [Fr. moquer,
Gr. mucken, to mock, mdkos, mockery : prob.
from making mows or mouths at one]
mockery, mok'cr-i, mocking, mok'ing, n., act of
mocking; derision ; ridicule : subject of laughter
or sport : vain imitation ; false show. [Fr.
moqueriemoquer.]
mocking-bird, mok'ing-berd, n. a bird of North
America, of the thrush family, which mocks or
imitates the notes of birds and other sounds.
Mode, mod, n. lit. a measure ; rule ; custom ; form ;
manner of existing : that which exists only as a
mOte ; mate ; mGon ; Men* (
3-5
 modal Molasses
quality of substance : in logic, the form of the moderate : to change the form of ; to vary :
syllogism : in gram., the inflection of a verb ex Pr.p. modifying ; pa.p. modified. [Fr. modifier
pressing the manner of action or being, also L. modifico, -atummodus, a measure,yo^w,
called mood : in music, the arrangement of the to make.]-n. modifier.adj. modifiable.
intervals in the scale, as major and minor. [L. modification, mod-i-fi-ki'shun, ., act of modify
modus, a measure, from Sans, md, to measure.] ing! rbrm or manner. [Fr.L. modification
See Mate. Modish, Modiit, Modiste. See under Mode.
modal, mOd'al, adj., relating to mode or form; Modulate, mod'u-lat, v.t., to measure, to regulate:
consisting of mode only : in logic, indicating to vary or inflect, as sounds : in music, to change
some mode of expression.adv. mod'ally.. the key or mode.v.i. to pass from one key into
modal'lty. another :pr.p. mod'uUting ; pa.p. mod'Qlited.
modaJist, mod'al-ist, n. in theol., one of a class who [L. modular, -atusmodulus, a little measure,
consider the three persons of the Godhead as dim. of modus.]
only modes of being, and not as distinct persons. modulation,mod-G-la'shun, theactofmodulating:
modish, mOd'ish, adj., according to or in the mode; state of being modulated : in music, the chang
fashionable.-adv. mod'iahly.n. mod'lshneas. ing of the key-note and the alteration of the
modiit, mOd'ist, ., one who follows the mode or original scale by the introduction of a new sharp
fashion.modiste, mo-dest', n. one who makes or flat.
dresses according to the fashionable mode. [Fr.] modulator, mod'fl-la't-or! .. one wlio or that which.
model, mod 'el, n. something to shew the mode or modulates : a chart m the Tonic Sol-fa musical
way ; something to be copied ; a pattern ; a notation on which the modulations or transitions
mould ; an imitation of something on a smaller from one scale to another are indicated by the
scale: something worthy of imitation.v.t. to relative position of the notes.
form after a model ; to shape : to make a model module, mod'ul, n. in arch., a measure for regulat
or copy of ; to form in some soft material.v.i. ing the proportion of columns : a modeL [Fr.
to practise modelling :pr.p. mod'elling ; pa.p. L. modulus.]
modelled.. mod'eller. [Fr. modeleL. mo modulus, mod'u-lus, n. in math., a constant multi-
dulus, dim. of modus, a measure.] filier in a function of a variable, by which the
modelling. mod'eI-ingt the act or art of making unction is adapted to a particular base.
a model of something, a branch of sculpture.
Moderate, mod'er-St, v.t., to keep within measure goat ofmOliar,
Mohair, n. the fine silken hair of the Angora
Asia Minor; cloth made of mohair. [Fr.
or bounds ; to regulate ; to reduce in intensity ; motre, old Fr. mohere, It. moerro, Gcr. mohr,\
to make temperate or reasonable ; to pacify : to
decide as a moderator.v.i. to become less Mohammedan, Mohammed
mo-ham'ed-an, adj., pertaining to
or to his religion.n. a follower of
violent or intense : to preside as a moderator : Mohammed ; one who professes Mohammedan
Pr.p. mod'erating ; pa.p. mod'eriUed.adj., ism
kept within measure or bounds ; not excessive hammed, the greatMahom
: also written etan, Mahom'edan. [Mo~
prophet ofArabia, born about
or extreme ; temperate ; of middle rate.adv. 570Ar. mwiammad, praiseworthyhamida,
moderately.n. mod'eratenen. [L. modero, to praise, or = the promised Messiah.]
alummodus, a measure.] Mohammedanise, mo-ham'ed-an-Tz, to convert
moderation, mod-er-5'shun, n., act ofmoderating; to, or make conformable to Mohammedanism.
state of being moderated or moderate; freedom Mohammedanism, mo-ham'ed-an-izm, Mohammed-
from excess ; calmness of mind. lam, mo-ham'ed-izm, n., the religion ofMoltam-
moderation, mod'er-a-tirm, n.t moderate opinions in med, contained in the Koran.
religion or politics.
moder&to, moa-er-a'to, adv. in music, with moderate Mohur, mSlmr, n. in British India, a gold coin =
fifteen rupees or 30s. [Pers. muhur, a gold coin.]
quickness. [It.]
moderator, moder-S-tor, n., one who or that which Moiety, moi'e-ti, n., half; one of two equal parts.
moderates or restrains ; one who presides at a [Fr. moitii, Prov. meilal, 11. medietaL.
meeting. [L.]n. mod'eratoroalp. medietas, middle, halfmedius, middle.]
Modern, mod'ern, adj., limited to thepresent or re Moil, moil, v.t. lit. to wet ; to daub with dirt,v.i.
cent time ; not ancient.n. one of modern times : to toil orlabour ; to drudge \pr.p. moiling ;Pa.p.
in //. the nations after the Greeks and Romans moiled'. [Fr. mouiller, to wet, It moHare, to
who are called the ancients.adv. mod'emly. moistenmoHe, soft, wet, L. mollis, soft.]
n. mod'emneu. [L. modemusmodo, only, just Moire, mwor, n. watered silk, [See Mohair.]
now, lit. with a limit (of time]modus.}
modernise, mod'ern-Iz, v.t., to render modern; to Moist, moist, adj., damp; humid ; juicy ; contain
ing water or other liquid.adv. molst'ly..
adapt to the present time '.pr.p. mod'ernlsing ; moiitneis. [Fr. moite, old Fr. moisie, L. mus*
pa.p. mod ernised.n. mod'ernlser. tens, fresh, sappymustunt, juice of grapes, new
modernism, mod'ern-izm, > modem practice; wine : also given from L. madidus, moist, and
something of modern origin. from humectus, moist.]
modernist, inod'ern-ist, n. an admirer ofthemodems. moisten,
Modest, mod'est, adj. keeping within due measure wetslightly :pr.p. tomois'n, v.t., make moist or damp; to
or limits ; restrained by a due sense of propriety ; moisture, moist ur, moistening; pa,p. mois'tened.
moistness ; that which
not forward ; decent ; chaste ; pure ana delicate, moistens or makes slightly wet ; a small quantity
as thoughts or language : moderate.adv. mod'- of any liquid.
estly. [L. modestusmodus, a measure.]
modesty, mod'est-i,^., the quality of being modest ; Molar, mDlar, adj., grinding, as a mill; used for
absence of presumption ; decency ; chastity ; grinding.. a grinding tooth, which is double.
purity; moderation. [Fr. modestieL. modestia.] [L. molarismola, a millmolo, to grind.]
Modicum, mod'i-kum, ., something ofa moderate Molasses, mo-las'cz, n.sing. lit the honey-like sub
size; a little. [L.modicus, moderate.] stance; treacle. [Fr. melasse. Port, melacoI*,
Modify, mod'i-fT, v.t., to make or set bounds to ; to meIIaceus, honey-likemeI, mellis, honey.]
flte, fir ; me, her ; mine ; mOte ; i
 Mole
Hole, mOl. . a dark-brown sfot or mark on the
human body. [A.S. nutI, Ger. mahL)
Mote, mol, . a small animal with very small eyes
and soft fur, which burrows in the ground and
casts up little heaps of mould, [contr. of mould-
warp.VS. molde, mould, weorpan, to cast.]
saote'-cast, mote'-bUJ, vs. a little hilt or heap of
earth cast up by a mole.mole -eyed, adj. having
eyes like those of a mole ; seeing imperfectly.
mole'-track, tu, the track made by a mole
burrowing.
mole-cricket, moT-krik-et, n. a burrowing insect like
a cricket, with fore-legs like those of a mole.
mote-rat, moT-rat, n. a rat-Ukc animal, which
burrows like a mole, found in Asia, S.E. of
Europe, and Cape of Good Hope,
moleskin, mOl'skin, n. a superior kind of fustian, so
called from its being soft like the skin ofa mole.
Mole, mol, ., a huge mass of mason-work, as a
breakwater; the port or haven within a mole.
[Fr.L. moles, a huge mass.]
molecule, mol'c-kul, n. lit. a little mole or mass ;
one of the minute particles of which matter is
composed. [Fr., dim. of L. moles, a mass.]
molecular, mo-lek'fl-lar, adj., belonging- to or con
sisting of molecules.n. molecular'Ity.
Molest, mo-lcst', v.t., to trouble, disturb, or annoy :
' molest'ing ; Pa.p. molesf/ed.. molest'er.
[Fr. *, L. molestomolestus, troublesome
, a difficulty.]
s-ta'shun, ., act of molesting;
State of being molested ; annoyance,
molestful, mo-IestTool, adj.t troublesome.
Moment, mol'yent, adj., softening; serving to
soften; assuaging. [L. molliens, -entis, pr.p. of
mollio, to softenmollis, soft.] See emollient,
mollify, mol'i-fT, v.t., to make soft or tender; to
assuage ; to calm or pacify '.pr.p. mollifying ;
Pa.p. mollified.adj. moli'iflable.n. moUifler.
[L. mollis, %oitt/acio, to make.]
mollification, mol-i-fi-ka'shun, n.,act ofmollifying;
state of being mollified ; mitigation.
Mollusc, Mollusk, mol'usk, n. one of the Mollus'ca,
those animals which have a soft body, as the
snail and all shell-fish.//. moU'iucs, moD'asks,
or mollus'ca. [L. moltuscus, softmollis, soft]
molltucan, mol-lus'kan, molluscous, mol-luslcus, adj.,
ofor like molluscs.n. mollus'can, a mollusc.
Molten, mult'n, adj., melted; made ofmelted metal.
[old pa.p. of Melt.]
Moment, mO'mentt n. lit. a movement; moving
cause or force : importance in effect ; value : the
smallest portion of time in which a movement
can be made ; an instant : in meek., a force
multiplied by the perpendicular on the axis of
motion. [Fr.L. momentum, for movimentum
tnovfo, to move.]
momentary, mO'ment-ar-i, adj., lastingfor a mo
ment ; done in a moment -adv. mo mentarily.
n. mo'tnentaruesn.'
momently, mO'ment-Ii, adv., for a momentj in a
moment ; every moment,
momentous, miJ-menr/us, adj. , ofmoment or import
ance ; of great consequence.adv. moment ously.
omentum, mO-ment'um, . the quantity ofmotion
in a body, which is proportional to the mass
multiplied by the velocity.//, moment's*
onachal, McaaeMsm See under Monk,
onad, mon'ad, . lit. a unit; an ultimate atom :
in zoo/., one of the simplest ofanimalcules. [Fr.
fate, far; me, her ; mine ;
monitory
monadeL. monast -adis, Gr.
monas, solitarymonos, alone.]
monadic, mon-ad ik; monadlcal, raon-ad'ik-al, adj.,
being or resembling a monad.
Monadelphlan, mon-a-Sel'fi-an, Monadelpbous, mon-a-
del'fus, adj. in hot., having the stamens united
into one brotherhood or body by the ^laments.
[Gr. monos, alone, adelpkos, a brother.]
Monandrian, mon-an'dri-an, Monandrous, mon-an'-
drus, adj. in bot., having only one stamen or
male organ, [Gr. monos, and anir, andros, a
male.]
Monarch, mon'ark, n. lit one who rules alone over
a nation; a sovereign: the chief of its kind.
adj. supreme ; superior to others. [Gr.
monos, alone, arch?, rulearchd, to rule.]
monarchal, mon-ark'al, adj., pertaining to a mon
arch ; regal.
monarchic, mon-ark'ik, monarchical, mon-arklk-al,
adj., relating to a monarch or monarchy ; vested
in a single ruler.
monarchist., mon'ark-Tr, v.t. to rule over, as a mon
arch; to convert into a monarchy <fr.P- mon'-
archlsing ; Pa.p. mon'archlsed.
monarchist, mon'ark-ist, n., an advocate of mon
archy.
monarchy, mon'ark-i, n. government headed by a
monarch; a kingdom.
Monastery, mon'as-ter-i,
who live alone; a housen.forlit.monks
a house
; an for
abbey;thosea
convent.
monasters, [L. monasterium,alone.]
a monkmonos, Gr. monastinon
monastic, mon-as'tik, monaetlcal, mon-as'tik-al, adj\
Pertaining to monasteries, monks, and nuns ;
recluse ; solitary.adv. monas'tically.
as'uk. i
on-as'ti tic life.
Monday, mun'dS, ., the day sacred to the $
the second day of the week. [Moon, and Day.] '
Monetary. See under Money.
Money, mun'i, n., that which is minted or coined ;
coin ; pieces of stamped metal used in commerce ;
any currency used as the equivalent of money :
wealth.//. Mon eys. [Fr. monnaie, L. moneta,
from root of Mint.]
monetary, mun'c-tar-i, adj., relating to money or
monied affairs ; consisting in money,
money-broker, mun'i-brok-er, money-changer, mun'i-
chinj-er, ., a broker who deals in money or
exchanges.
moneyed, monied, mun'id, adj., having money;
rich in money ; consisting in money.
moneyless, mun i-les, adj., destitute ofmoney.
Monger, mung'ger, ., a trader; a dealer.v.t.
to trade or deal in. [A.S. mongere, old Ger., Ice.
tnangarimanga, to trade ; L. mango, a trader.]
Mongrel, mung/grel, adj., ofa mixed breed.ft. an
animal of a mixed breed. [A.S. motngan, to
mix. See Mingle.]
Monition, mon-ish'un, a reminding or admon
ishing; warning: notice. [L. monitiomoneo,
-Hum, to remindSans, man, to think.]
monitive, mon'i-tiv, adj., conveying admonition.
monitor, mon'i-tor, ., one who admonishes; an
adviser; an instructor ; a pupil whoassists a school-
master.fcm. mon'itress.n. mon'ltorship.
monitorial, mon-i-t5 ri-al, adj., relating to a moni
tor; performed or taught by a monitor.adv.
_ , mon'i-tor-i, adj.} reminding or admon
ishing; giving admonition or warning.
mute ; mute ; m50n ; Men.
3*7
 Monk Moon
Honk, mungk, n. lit. one who lives alone ; a reli list, one who monopolises. fFr. monopoliser,
gious recluse ; one of a religious community from Gr. monos^ alone, and pdleS, to sell. ]
living in a monastery. [A.S. monec, It. menace, monopoly, mon-op o-li, n. , the solepower ofdealing
L. monackus, Gr. monachosmonos, alone.] in anything; exclusive command or possession :
monkish, mungk ish, adj., pertaining to a monk; in law, a grant from the crown to an individual
like a monk ; monastic. for the sole dealing in anything.
monk's-hood, mungks'-hood, n. the aconite, a poison Monospennous, mon-o-spenn'us, adj. in hot., having
ous plant with a flower like a monk's hood. one seed only. [Gr. monos, atone, sperma, seed.]
monachal, mon'ak-al, adj., living alone; pertaining Monostich, mon'o-stik, n. a poem complete in one
to monks or to a monastic life. verse. [Gr. monos, alone, stickos, verse.]
non&chism, mon'ak-izm, n., monastic life; state of Monostrophlc, mon-o-stroflk, adj. having but one
being a monk. strophe; not varied in measure. [Gr. manor,
alone, strophe*, a strophe.]
Honker, mungk'i, n., a name of contempt, esp. for Monosyllable,
a mischievous person ; the order of mammalia lable. [Gr.mon-o-silla-bl, n. a word of one syl
monos, alone, syllabi, a syllable.]
next to man, having their feet developed like monosyllable, mon-o-sil-lab'ik, adj., consisting of
hands; an ape. [old It. monicchio, It. monnino one syllable, or of words of one
manna, an old woman, an ape, contr. of Monotheism, mon'o-thi-izm, n., the syllable. belief'in only one
madonna, mistress.J God, [Gr. monos, alone.]
Monochord, mon'o-kord, n. a musical instrument of monotheist, mon'o-thff-ist, n., one who believes thai
one chord or string. [Gr. monos, alone, Chord.] there is but one God.adj. monotheist ic.
Monochromatic, mon-o-krO-mar/ik, adj. , of one Monotone, mono-ton, n., a single, unvaried tone or
colour only. (Gr. monos, and Chromatic. ]
Monocotyledon, mon-o-kot-i-le'don, n., a plant with sound ; a succession of sounds having the same
only one cotyledon.adj. monocotyled'onou*. [Gr. monotonous, mon-ot'o-nus, adj., uttered in onenote.]
pitch. [Gr. monos, alone, and tonos, a tone,
un
monos, alone, and Cotyledon.] varied tone or key ; marked by dull uniformity.
Monocular, mon-oku lar, Monoculous, mon-ok'Q-lus, adv.
adj., with one eye only. [Gr. monos, and Ocular.] monotony,monotonously.
mon-ot'o-ni, n. dull uniformity oftone at
Monody, mon'o-di, n. a mournful ode or poem in sound ; fig. irksome sameness or want of variety.
which a single mourner bewails.adj. monod IcaL Monsoon, mon-sOon', . a periodical wind of the
[Gr. monos, single, and Ode.] Indian Ocean, which blows from the S.-W. from
monodlst, mon'o-dist, ., one who writes monodies. April
Monogamy, mon-og'a-mi, n., marriage to one wife the year; similar windsfrom
to October, and the N.-E. the rest of
elsewhere. [Fr. monson,
only ; the state of such marriage.n. monogamist. mousson; Hind, mausimAr. mausim, a time,
[Gr. monos, one, gamos, marriage.] a seasonwasama, to mark.]
Monogram, mon'o-gram, a single letter or char Monster, mon'ster, n. lit that which admonishes at
acter ; a character or cipher of several letters
interwoven. [Gr. monos, alone, gramma, a letter.] warns, a divine omen; anything out ofthe usual
Monograph, mon'o-graf, a written description from course of nature ; a prodigy ; anything horrible
of a single thing or class. [Gr. monos, alone, moneo,ugliness or wickedness. [L. monstrunv
to admonishSans, man, to think.]
and grnphd, to write.)
monograph?, mon-og'ra-fi, . a representation by monstrous, mon'strus, adj., having the qualities ofa
monster; out ofthecommon course ofnature; enor
one means only, as lines ; an outline drawing.
monographic, mon-o-graf'ik, monographlcal, mon-o- n,mous ; wonderful ; horrible.adv. monstrously.
mon'strODsness.
graf'i-kal, adj., Pertaining to a monograph; monstrosity, mon-strosi-ti, n., state of being mon
drawn in lines without colours. strous; an unnatural production.
monographer, mon-og'ra-fer, monographic, mon-og/- monstrance, mon'strans, n. in the R. Cath. Church,
ra-fist, n.t a writer ofmonographs. the utensil in which the consecrated wafer is
Honogynlan, mon-o-jin'i-an, Monogynons, mon-oj'i- shewn to the congregation. [Fr.L. monstro,
nus, adj. in bet., havingonly one pistil orfemale to shewmonstrum, an omen.]
organ. [Gr. monos, alone, and gyni, a female.]
Monolith, mon'o-iith, n. a pillar, or the like, of a Montanlc, mon-tan'ik, adj., pertaining to moun
single stone.adjs. monolithic, monollth/al. [Gr. tains; consisting in mountains. [L. montastut
monos, alone, and lithos, stone.] mons, mantis, a mountain.] See Mount.
Monologue, mon'o-lOg, n., a speech uttered by one Month, &c. See under Moon.
Person ; soliloquy ; a poem, &c. for a single per Monument, mon'Q-ment, n., anythingthat reminds;
former. [Gr. monos, alone, and logos, speech.] anything that perpetuates the memory ofa person
Monomania, mon-o-mi'ni-a, n., madness confined or event ; a record. [L. monumentummoneo,
to one subject, or one faculty of the mind. [Gr. to remindSans, man, to think.]
monos, alone, and mania, madness.] monumental, mon-Q-ment'al, adj., of or relating to
monomaniac, mon-o-ma'ni-ak, adj., affected with a monument or tomb; serving as a monument;
monomania.n. one affected with monomania. memorial.adv. monument'ally.
Monome, mon-Gm', Monomial, mon-O'mi-al, . an Hood,
algebraic expression ofone term only ; a series of Hood. mSud, n. same as Hode.
mOOd, mind, disposition of mind; tem
factors of single terms.adj. mono'mUL [Gr. porary state of the mind ; anger ; heat of temper.
monos, alone, and nomi, division.]
Monophyllous, mon-of'il-us or mon-o-fiTus, adj. [A.S. mod, mind, disposition; Goth, mods; Ice.
mSdhr; Gcr. muth.]
having a leaf of but one piece. [Gr. monos, moody, moUd'i, adj. , indulging moods ; out of
alone, phytlon, a leaf.]
Monopolist, mon-op'o-lTz, v.t. to obtain possession humour
n. mooi'lnm,
; angry ; sad ; gloomy.adv. moodily.
qualityofbeingmeody; peevishness.
of anything so as to be the only seller ofit; to
engross the whole of :pr.p. monop olTsing ; Moon, mTOn( n., that which measures time; the
Pa.p. monop'oliscd.ns. monopoliser, monop o- planet which revolves round the earth ; a planet
fate, far; mi, her; mine ; mole ; mute ; raOTn ; Men.
 moonbeam
revolving about any other planet: a month: in
fort., a moon-shaped outwork. [A- S. mona; Goth.
mena ; Ice. mana; tier, mond; Gr. mini;
Sans, mas, from ma, to measure.]
moonbeam, m<5Dn'bm, n., a beam from the moon.
moonless. mOOn'les, adj., destitute ofmoonlight.
moonlight, mfKJn'lTt, adj. , lighted by tlie moon;
occurring during moonlight. [Moon, and Light.]
moonshine, mOTn'shin, ., the shining ofthe moon ;
fig. show without reality. [Moon, and Shine. ]
moonstruck, nulon struk, adj. lit. struck or affected
by the moon; lunatic. [Moon, and Struck.]
month, munth, n. the period ofone revolution of the
moon ; one of the twelve parts of the year. [A.S.
monath, from mona, the moon.]
monthly, munth'li, adj., performed in a month;
happening or published once a month.n. a
monthly publication.adv. once a month ; in
every month.
Moor, mOOr, n. an extensive waste covered with
heath, and havingapoor.jVa/y soil; a heath. [A.S.
mor; Dutch, moer; Ice. mor, peat, turf, moor.]
moorish, mtfOr'ish, moory, mOOrl, adj., resemblinga
moor; sterile; marshy; boggy,
moorland, mOorland, n., moory land.
moor-cock, mOoV-kok, moor-fowl, mooV-fowl, n. the
red grouse or heath-tw* found in moors.
moor-hen, mCoV-hen, n. the moor or water-Am.
Moor, m~.'.r, v.t. lit. to tie; to fasten a ship by
cable and anchor.v.i. to be fastened by cables
or chains '.pr.p. mCoVing ; P<*.p. mCored'. [Fr.
amarrer, Dutch, maren, marren = A.S. mer-
ran, old Ger. marrjan, to hinder.]
moorage, mCoYaj, a place for mooring.
mooring, mooring, n., act of mooring ; that which
serves to moor or confine a ship : in //. the place
or condition of a ship thus moored.
Moor, mOOr, . a native of N. Africa, of a dark
complexion. [Dutch, moor; Ger. vtohr; Fr.
maure; L. maurus, from Gr. mauros, black.]
Moorish, moorish, adj. , belonging to the Moors.
moresqne, mo-resk, adj., done after the manner of
the Moors.n. a kind of ornamentation, same as
arabesque. [Fr. ; It. moresco.]
Morlsco, mo-ru/ko, Moriik, mo-risk', n. , the Moor~
ish language : a Moorish dance or dancer,
morris, morrlce, morVis, morris-dance, mor'ris-dans,
n., a Moorish dance ; a dance in which bells,
rattles, tambours, &c. are introduced.
Mooee, moTJs, n. the American ellc [a native
Indian name.]
Moot, mCot, v.i. lit to meet; to argue or plead on
a supposed cause.v.t. to discuss ; to debate ; to
propose for discussion :fr.p. mSot'ing ; Pa.p.
mSot'ed. [A.S. motian, from mot, an assembly,
akin to metan, to meet] See Moot,
mootable, mOGt'a-bl, adj., that can be mooted or
debated.
moot-case, m0ot'-k5s, moot-point, mSoV-point, n. a
case, point, or question to be mooted or debated ;
an unsettled question,
moot-court, moTJt'-kCrt, n. a meeting or court for
mooting or arguing supposed cases.
Mop, mop, n. lit. a bunch ofclouts ; an instrument
for washing floors, made of cloth, &c. fastened to
ahandle.v.t. to rub or wipe with a mop :Pr.p.
mopp ing ; Pa.p. mopped'. [W. mop, mopa ; It.
moipal; Gael, mab, mob, a tuft, mop ; akin to
L. maPfa, a napkin.]
moppet, mop'et, n. a doll of rags like a mop.
Mope, mGp, v.i. to be silent and dispirited ; to be dull
ffltc, far ; mi, her ; mine ;
Morganatic
or stupid :/**.,/. mflplng ; pa.p. mflped'.adv.
mop'lngly. [Dutch, moppen, to pout, sulk.]
mopish, mop'ish, adj. dull ; spiritlessn. mop'Uhnesa.
Moraine, mo-ran', n. in geol., a line of blocks and
gravel found at the bases and edges of glaciers.
[Fr.; prov. Ger. mur, stones broken off; It.
mora, heap of stones ; Sp. moron, a hill.]
Moral, mor'al, adj. , ofor belonging to the manners
or conduct of men ; conformed to right ; virtuous ;
capable ofmoral action ; subject to the moral law ;
instructing with regard to morals ; supported by
reason.n. in manners; the doctrine or
practice of the duties of life ; moral philosophy
or ethics: conduct : in sing., the practical lesson
given by anything. [L. moralis, from mos,
moris, manner, custom.]
morale, mo-rai', n. the moral condition ; mental
state, as of a body of men. [Fr.]
moralise, mor'al-Iz, v.t. to apply to a moral pur
pose ; to explain in a moral sense.v.i, to speak
or write on moral subjects ; to make moral re
flections '.pr.p. moralising ; Pa.p. mor allscd.
n. mor'aliser, [Fr. moraliser.]
moralist, mor'al-ist, n., one -who moralises; one
who teaches morals ; one who practises moral
duties ; one who prides himself on his morality.
morality, mo-ral'i-ti, ., quality of being moral;
the quality of an action which renders it right or
wrong ; the practice of moral duties ; virtue : the)
doctrine which treats of moral actions; ethics;
a kind of moral allegorical play. [L. moralitas.)
morally, mor'al-li, adv., in a moral manner.
Morass, mo-nuT*, n. lit moorish orPeafr ground; a
tract ofsoft, wet ground ; a marsh. [Ger. morast ;
Dan. morads; Ice. myri, from mor, peat, moor.]
Moravian, mo-ri'vi-an, adj., pertainingto Moravia-
or to the Moraviansor United Brethren.n. one
of the United Brethren, a Protestant religious
sect, orig. from Moravia, in Austria.
Morbid, mor'bid, adj., diseased ; sickly ; not health
ful.Wi>. morbidly.n. morbidness, state0/'being
morbid. [L. morbidus, from morbus, disease ;
perh. from root of morior, to die.] See Mortal.
morbific, mor-bif'ik, adj., causing disease. [L.
morbus, disease, andfacto, to make.]
Moroactons, mor-dii'shus, adj., given to biting;
biting ; fig. sarcastic ; severe.adv. morda'donsly.
[L. mordax, mordacis, from mordeo, to bite.]
mordacity, mor-das'i-ti, n., quality of being mar-
dacious. [L. mordacitas.]
mordant, mordant, adj. lit. biting into; serving to
fix colours.n. any substance, as alum, used to
give permanency or brilliancy to dyes ; matter
to make gold-leaf adhere. [Fr., pr.p. of mordre,
L. mordeo, to bite.]
More, mor, adj. (comp. of Many and Much), greater,
so in B. ; additional ; other besides.adv. to a
greater degree ; again ; longer.n. a greater
thing ; something further or in addition.
superl. most, mOst. [A.S. mare, comp. of old
positive ma, great ; Ger. mehr; Gael, mor, great ;
Goth, mais, maiza, akin to L. magis, more.]
moreover, mor-o'ver, adv., more over or beyond
what has been said ; further ; besides ; also.
Moreen, mo-ren', n. a stout woollen stuff, used for
curtains, &c. [a form of Mohair.]
Morel See Morll.
Moresque. See under Moor.
Morganatic, mor-gan-at'ik, adj. lit. pertaining to a
morninggift ; noting a marriage of a man with
a woman of inferior rank, in which neither the
mOte ; mute ; mCon ; then.
 Moril Most
fatter nor her children enjoy the rank or inherit humble ; humiliating ;adj.,
mortifying, mor'ti-fI-ing, tendingto mortify or
vexing,
the possessionsofherhusband.adv. morgaaat'lc- mortification, mor-u-fi-ka'shun, n.t act of mortify
ally. pow L. morganatica, a gift from a bride
groom to his bride on the morning before or after ing part
or state of being mortified ; the death of one
of an animal body ; subjection of the pas
" the marriage ; old Gcr. morgangcba, Ger. mor- sions and appetites by bodily severities : humili
gengabemorgen, morning, smagabe, a gift.] ation ; vexation ; that which mortifies or vexes :
Mori!, moril, n. a mushroom abounding with little in Scotch law, a bequest to some institution,
holes. [Fr. morille; Ger. morchet; Sw. murh/a.] mortmain, mort'man, n. the transfer of property to
Morion , mo'ri-un, n, lit. a coveringfor the crown of a corporation, which is said to be a dead hand or
the head; an open helmet, without visor or
beaver. [Fr. ; It, morione; Sp. morrion, from one tnat can never part with it again. [Fr. mart,
dead, and main, L. manus, the hand.]
morra, the crown of the head.] mortuary, mort/Q-ar-i, adj. , belonging to the burial
Monaco, Morlsk. See under Moor. of the dead.. a burial-place ; a gift claimed
Mormon, mormon, n. one of a sect in the United by the minister of a parish on the death of a
States, founded by Joseph Smith, who made an parishioner. [Fr. mortuaire; L. mortuarius.]
addition to the Bible, called the Book of Mor Mortar, mor'tar, n. a vessel, in which substances are
mon, from Mormon, its supposed author.n. pounded with a pestle : a piece of ordnance, re
Mormonlsm -:.-m , the doctrines of this sect. sembling a mortar, for throwing shells, &c ;
Morn, morn, n. the first part of the day ; morn a cement of lime, sand, and water. [L. mor-
ing. [A.S. mom, morgen; Ger. morgen; Ice. tarium, prob. from root of mordeo, to bite, akin
morgan;morning,Goth, maurgtns.] to Sans, mrid, to grind, to pound.]
morning, n. the first part of the day ; Mortise, mortis, n. a cavity cut into a piece of
ail early part.adj. pertaining to the morning ; timber to receive the tenon, another piece made
done ormor'rO,
being.inorig.
the morning, to fit it.v.t. to cut a mortise in ; to join by a
morrow, morning; the day following mortise and tenon :Pr.p. mortising ; Pa.p.
the present ; to-morrow ; the next following day. mortised. [Fr. mortaisc; prob. from L. morsus,
Morocco, mo-rok'6, n. a fine kind of leather of catch ofa buckle, from mordeo, morsum, to bite.]
goat or sheep-skin, first brought from Morocco. Mosaic, mo-zu'ik, Mosaic-work, mo-za'ik-wurk, .
, mO-ros', adj. lit. waywardi of a sour tem lit. work belongingto the Muses; a kind ofwork
per , gMHNUJ , asi.n.t- ___ in which objects are represented by small pieces
rose'neaa, quality of being morose. [L. tnorosus of coloured marble, glass, &c cemented on
stucco.adj. relating to or composed of mosaic
mot, maris, manner, way of life.] See Moral adv. mosa'ically. [Fr. mosaique : It. mosaico,
Morphia, mor'fi-a, Morphine, mor'fln, Morphina, JL. musivum opus, mosaic workGr. mouseias,
morti-na, n. the narcotic principle of opium. belonging to the Muses.]
[Fr. morphineGr. Morpheus, the god of Mosaic, mo-za'ik, adj\, pertaining to Moses, the
dreams, lit. the fashioner, from morphi, shape] great Jewish lawgiver.
Morris, Morrice. Seeunder Moor. MoEchatc-l, moslca-tel, n. a plant, with pale-green
Morrow. See under Morn.
Morse, mors, n. the walrus or sea-horse. See flowers and a musky smell. [Fr. moscateline, low
L. moschatellinamuseus, Gr. moschos, musk.J
Walrus [Russ. morss.]
Morsel, mortel, n. , a bite or mouthful ; asmall piece Moselle, mo-zcl', n. a French white wine from the
district of the Moselle.
of food: a small quantity, [old Fr. marcel; It Moslem,
morsello ; L. morsus, from jnordeo, morsitm, to man ormoz'lcm, n. lit. a true believer; a Mussul
Mohammedan.adj. of or belonging to
bite.] See Mordacloas. the Mohammedans. [Ar. masicmsalama, to
Mortal, mor'tal, adj., liable to die; causing death ; submit to God.]
deadly ; fata) : punishable with death : belong Mosque, mosk, n. a Mohammedan place ofworship.
ing to man, who is mortal.adv. mortally. [L. [Fr. mosquie. Port, mesquitaAr. masjid
mortalismors, mortis,death, morior, mortuus, sajada, to bend, to adore.]
Sans, mri,
mortality, to die.J n., conditionofbeingmortal; Mosquito, mos-ke'to, n. lit. a fly ; a biting gnat
mor-tal'i-ti,
death; frequency ornumber ofdeaths ; the human musca, common in tropical countries. [Sp.mosca, L.
race. [L. mortalitas.] a fly.]
mortgage, mor'gaj, n. lit. a death gage or pledge ; of plantsMoss, mos, n. lit. thefresh, tenderplant; a family
a conveyance of property, as security for a leaves : a with a leafy stem and narrow, simple
debt, which is lost or becomes dead to the debtor a bog.v.t.piece of ground covered with moss ;
to cover with moss :pr.p. mossing ;
if the money is not paid on a certain day; the pa.p. mossed'. [A.S. meos ; Ger. moos; akin
state of being pledged.v.t. to pledge, as se to L. muscus, Gr. moschos, oschos, a tender
curity for a debt:/r./. morr/gaging ; pa ' plant, akin to ozos, a twig.]
mortuus,mor-ga-je,
dead, and .,Gage.] moss-land, mos'-land, land abounding in moss or
mortgagee, peat-bogs.mos'-rOz, n. a variety of rose having a
one to whom a mortgage moss-rose,
is made or given. , .
mortlferous, mor-tif er-us, adj., death-bringing , moss-trooper, moss-like growth on the calyx,
fatal. [L. mors, death, and Zero, to bring.] mos'-trOOp-er, n. one of the troopers
or bandits
mortiry, mor'ti-fl, v.t., to make dead; to destroy England and Scotland, that used to infest the mosses between
the vital functions of: to bnng into subjection: mossy, mo5ri, adj., overgrown or abounding with
to vex; to humble.w.i. to lose vitality : to prac
tise severities and penance ; to be subdued : moss.
Pr.p. mortifying; pa.p. mortified, [low L. mor- Most, most, adj. (superl. of More), greatest;
excelling in number.adv. in the highest degree.
tijicomors, death, andfacto, to make.]
fate, far; m, her; mine; mOte ; mute; mOOn; then.
33
 Mote
n. the greatest number or quantity.adv.
moetly. [A.S. truest, supcrl. of myeel, great.
See Much, More.]
mot, ., a particle ofdust; a spot or speck ;
anything small. [A.S. mot; Ice. modat dust,
Dutch, mot, dust.]
See under Motto.
. moth, ?i. an insect that gnaws cloth; a
family of insects like butterflies, of dull colours,
seen at night : that which eats away gradually
and silently. [A.S. moththe ; Ger. matte, prob.
from Goth, maitan, old Ger. meten, to cut,
to gnaw.]v.t. moth'-eat, to prey upon, as a
moth eats a garment.
,oth-eaten, moth'-e"t-n, adj., eaten or cut by moths.
oth-hunter, moth'-hunt-er, n, a little kind of swal
low which hunts moths, &c. called also the goat-
ly, mothi, adj.,full of moths.
Mother, mu/A'er, theproducer; a female parent,
esp. ofthe human race ; a matron : that which has
produced anything.adj. received by birth, as
it were from one's mother ; natural : acting the
part of a mother: originating.v.t. to adopt
as a son or daughter '.pr.p. moth'ering; P<i-P.
moth'cred.adv. moth erly, [oTtl E. moder, A. S.
modor, Ger. mutter, akin to L. mater, Gr. mitir,
Sans, matrima, to produce.]moth'er-in-law,
the mother of one's husband or wife.mother-of-
pearl, the internal layer of the shells of several
molluscs, esp. of the pearl-oyster, so called be
cause producing" thepearl.
motherhood, mu/A'er-hood, ., state of being a
mother.
motherless, muM'er-lcs, adj., without a mother.
motherly. muth'cr-\i, adj.,pertainingtoor becoming
a mother; parental; tender.. moth'erUnen.
Mothy. See under Moth.
Motion, Motive, &c. Sec under Move.
Motley, mot'li, adj. , covered with spots of different
colours ; consisting of different colours : com
posed of various parts, [old . smottred, be
daubed; W. ysmot, a spot, ysmotio, to mottle.]
mottled, mot'Id, adj., marked with spots of various
colours, or shades of colour.
v, &c. See under Move.
See under Motley.
, mot'3, n. lit. a word muttered; a sentence
or phrase prefixed to anything intimating the
subject of it; a phrase attached to a device.
pi. mottoes Imot'Oz). [It. motto\owL.muttum
muttio, to mutter.] See Mutter,
motet, mo-tet', . a short piece of sacred music.
[It. motetto, dim. of motto.]
Mould, mold, n. lit that which is ground ; dust ;
soil rich in decayed matter : the matter ofwhich
anything is composed : a minute fungus which
grows on bodies in a damp atmosphere, so named
from often growing on mould.v.t. to cover with
mould or soil ; to cause to become mouldy.
v.i, to become mouldy :pr.p. mould'ing; pa.p.
mould'ed. [A. S. molde, Ger. mull, Goth, mulda ;
akin to Goth, malan, L. molo, to grind.]
moulder, mold'er, v.i., tocrumble to mould; to waste
away gradually.v.t. to turn to dust;pr.p,
mould'ering; pa.p. mould'ered.
monldwmrp, mOld'worp, n. the mole, which casts
up little heaps of mould. [See Mole.]
mouldy, mOld'i, adj., overgrown with mould.n.
mfild, n. lit. a model; a hollow form in
fate, far ; me, her ; mine ;
mouse
which anything is cast ; a pattern : the form
received from a mould ; character.v.t. to form
in a mould : to knead, as dough '.pr.p. mould'
ing ; pa.p. mould'ed.n. moulder. [Fr. moule,
Port moldeL. modulus. See Model]
mouldable, mold'a-bl, adj., that may be moulded.
moulding, molding, n. , anythingmoulded: in arch.,
an ornamental projection beyond a wall, &c
Moult, m3lt, v.i., to change or cast the feathers,
&c. as birds, &c- :pr.p. moult'ing ; Pa.p.
moult'ed. [old E. mout, Ger. mausen, Fr. mucr,
from root of Mew.]
moulting, molt'ing, ., the act or process ofmoult
ing or casting feathers, skin, &c.
Hound, mound, n. lit, a defence: infort., an arti
ficial bank of earth or stone ; an artificial mount;
a natural hillock.z'.t. to fortify with a mound :
pr.p. mounding ;Pa.p. mound ed. [A. S. mund,
a defence; Ger. mund, defence; akin to L.
munio, to protect, and mons, a mount.]
Mount, mount, n, lit. that which projects; ground
rising above the level ofthe surrounding country ;
a hill: an ornamental mound : in B., a bulwark
for offence or defence.v.i. to project or rise up ;
to be of great elevation.v.t. to raise aloft ; to
climb ; to get upon, as a horse ; to put on horse
back : to put upon something '.Pr.p. mounting :
pa.p. mounted. n. mounter. [A.S. ; Fr.
-t. mons, a mountainmineo, to
project.]
mountable, mount'a-bl, adj., that may be mounted
or ascended.
mountain, mount'an, or 'in, n. a high hill : anything
very large.adj. of or relating to a mountain ;
growing or dwelling on a mountain. [Fr. mont~
agne,Sp.monlanaL mons,txontis.}mount'ain-
aah, the rowan-tree, with bunches of red berries
common on mountains,mount'sin-Umettone, in
geol., a series of limestone strata separating the
old red-sandstone from the coal-measures.
mountaineer, mount-an-eV, or -in-er', n., an inhabit
ant ofa mountain ; a rustic
mountainous, mounr'an-us, or -in-us, adj., full of
mountains : large as a mountain ; huge.
mountebank, mount'e-bank, n. lit. one who mounts
a bench; a quack-doctor who boasts of his skill
and his medicines ; a boastful pretender. [It.
tnontimbancomantart, to mount, in, on, upon,
and banco, a bench.]
mounting, mounting, n., the act of mounting or
embellishing, as the setting of a gem, &c
Mourn, mOrn, v.i. lit. to murmur or groan to one's
self in grief; to grieve ; to be sorrowful : to wear
mourning.v.t. to grieve for ; to utter in a
sorrowful manner :pr.p. mourn'ing ; Pa.p.
mourned'.n.
' nan mourn'er.
; Fr. morne, dull, sad[A.S. tnuman,
; old Ger. meor*
grieve, mauman, to be troubled about ) ; Gael.
mairgnich, to groan, to sob.]
mournful, mOrn'fool, adj., mc
expressing sorrow; feeling
fully.n, mourn'fulnesa,
mourning, moum'ing, adj., grieving;
n. the act of expressing grief: the dress of
mourners.adv. mourn'lngly.
Mouse, mous, n. lit. the stealing animal; a little
rodent animal found in houses and in the fields.
pi. mice (mis). [A.S. mus, pi. mys, Ger. maus,
X. and Gr. mus, Sans, musha, a rat or mouse
mush, to steal.]
mouse, mouz, v.i., to catch mice; to watch forslily :
pr.p. mous'ing ; pa.p. moused'.n. mous'er.
mOte ; mute ; mOOn; Men.
33*
 Moustache mulatto
taouse'-ear, a name of several plants with soft mowing, moving, n. the art of cutting down with a
leaves shaped like a mouse's ear.mouse' tail, scythe : land from which grass is cut.
a small plant with a spike of seed-vessels very Much, much, adj., great in quantity; long in dura
like the tail ofa mouse. tion.adv. to a great degree : by far : often or
Moustache, moos-tash', same as Mustache. long: almost.n. a great quantity : a strange
Month, mouth, n., that which munches or chews ; thing, [old E. moche, A.S. micel, Goth, mikus,
the opening in the head ofan animal by which it Gr. megas, L. magnus, Sans, maha, great.]
eats and utters sound : opening or entrance, as of Mudd, Mucilage. Sec under Macau.
a bottle, river, &c. : the instrument of speaking; Muck, muk, ., dung in a moist state; a mass of
a speaker.//, mouths (mouMz). [A.S. muth, decayed vegetable matter; anything low and
Scot, munds, Goth, munths, mouth; . munch, filthy.v.t. to manure with muck '.pr.p. muck'-
to make a noise in eating ; Fr. manger, to eat.] ing; Pa.p. mucked'. [A.S. meox, Ice. mocha
month, mouth, v.t. to utter with a voice overloud root of L. macero, to steep.]
or swelling ipr.p. mouth'ing ; Pa.p. mouthed'. mucky, muk'i, adj., consisting of muck; nasty,
n. mouth'er, an affected speaker. filthy.n. muck'lness.
mouthed, mouMd, adj., having a month.
mouthful, mouth'fool, n.,asmuchasfills themouth; Mucous. Mucus,
See under Mucus.
muTcus, n., the slimy fluid blownfrom the
a small quantity. pi. mouth'fulj. nose; the slimy fluid on all the interior canals of
monthlies*, mouth'lcs, adj., without a mouth.
mouth-piece, mouth'-pes, ., the piece of a musical the body to moisten them. [L.mungo, Gr.
myssd, to blow the nose ; Sans, much, to loosen.]
instrument for the mouth : one who speaks for mucld, mu'sid, adj., like mucus ; slimy.n. ma'cid-
others. ness.
Move, mOOv, v.t. to cause tochangeplace or posture; mucilage,
to set in motion ; to impel : to excite to action ; found inmQ'si-luj, ti. a slimy substance like mucus,
to persuade ; to instigate : to arouse ; to provoke ; mucilaginous,certain vegetables : (pm.
mfl-si-laj'in-us, adj., pertaining to or
to touch the feelings of: to propose or bring be secreting mucilage; slimy,
fore an assembly ; to recommend.v.i. to go mucous, mu'kus, adj., like mucus; slimy; viscous.
from one place to another ; to change place or Mud, mud, ., wet, soft earth.v.t.
posture ; to walk : to change residence : to make mud: to dirty; to stir the sedimentto in,bury in
as in
a motion as in an assembly '.pr.p. moving ; liquors:Pr.p. mudd'ing;Pa.p. mudd'ed. [Dutch,
Pa.p. moved'.n. the act of moving ; a move modder; Sw. modd, mud ; A,S. micjan, to wet.]
ment, esp. at chess.n. mov'er. [Fr. mouvoir, muddle,
old Fr. movoirL. tnovcoSans, me, to change.] water mud'l, v.t., to render muddy or foul, as
: to confuse, especially with liquor :pr.p.
movable, mooVa-bL adj. , that may be moved, lifted, mudd'ling
&c. ; not fixed : cnanging from one time toanother. muddy, mud'i,; pa.p. mudd'led.
adj., foul with mud ,* containing
adv. mov'ably.ns. mov'ablenesg, movabll ity. mud; covered with mud: confused; stupid.
movables, mOoVa-blz, n.pl. in law, such articles of v.t. to dirty : to render dull :Pr.p. mudd ying;
property as may be moved, as furniture, &c. pa.p, mudd'ied.adv. mudd'fly.. mudd'lnets.
movement, mOoVment, act or manner ofmoving; muddy-headed, mud'i-hed-cd, adj. having a muddy
change of position : motion of the mind, emotion : or dull head or understanding.
the wheel-work of a clock : in music, a part
having the same time. Muff, muf, n. a warm, soft cover for the hands in
moving, m&TJvIng, adj., causing motion ; changing winter, usually of fur or dressed skins. [Fr.
position: affecting the feelings; pathetic.adv. mouffle; Dutch, moffll; Ger. muff, a sleeve.]
mor'lngly. muffin, muf'in, n. a soft, light, spongy cake. [prob.
motion, mO'shun, n., the act or state ofmoving i a from Muff, on account of its softness.]
single movement ; change ofposture ; gait : power muffle, mufl, v.t. to wrap up as with a muff; to
of motion: excitement of the mind: proposal blindfold : to cover up so as to render sound dull :
made, esp. in an assembly :inpi. in B., impulses. to cover from the weather:pr.p. muff'ling;
v.i. to make a significant movement '.pr.p. Pa.p. muffled. [Fr. moufflermouffle, a muff.]
mo'tioning; pa.p. mO'tioned. [Fr.L. motio muffler, muf'ler, n. a cover that muffles the face.
movea, moturn, to move. ] Mug, mug, n. a kind of earthen or metal cup for
motlonlesi, mO'shun-les, adj., without motion. liquor. [Ir. mugan, a mug, mucog, a cup.J
motive, mO'tiv, adj., causing motion; having Muggy, mug'i, Muggish, mug'ish, adj.,foggy; close
power to move.n. that which moves, or excites and damp. [Ice. mugga, dark, thick weather;
to action ; inducement ; reason, W. mwg, smoke.]
motrrlty, mo-tiv'it-i[ n.,powerofproducingmotion ; Mulberry, mul'ber-i, the berry of a tree ; the tree
the quality of being influenced by motion,
motor, m<5'tor,*.,a mover; that which gives motion, itself, the leaves of which form the food of the
silkworm. [Ger. maulbeer; old Gcr. murbouma
motory, mo'tor-i, adj., giving motion. L. moms, Gr. moras]
Mow, mo, a heap; a pile of hay or corn in Mulct,
sheaves laid up in a barn.v.t. to lay hay or Pr.p. mulct'ing ; pa.p. mulcted. v.t.
mulkt, n.} a fine; a penalty. to fine:
[L. mulcto,
sheaves of g^rain in a heap :pr.p. mow'ing ; to fine.]
Pa.p. mowed or mown. [A.S. tnowe, muga, a mulctuary, mulk'tfl-ar-i, adj., imposing afine.
neap ; Ice. muga, a heap of hay.]
Mow, mO, v.i., to cut dotvn with a scythe ; to cut Mule, mill, . the offspring of the horse and ass : an
down in great numbers '.Pr.p. mow'ing ; Pa.p. instrument for cotton-spinning : an obstinate
mowed' or mown. [A.S. mawan, Dutch, tnaeden, person. [A.S. mut; L. mulusA
to cut ; allied to L. meto, to mow.] muleteer, mul-ct-er', n., one who drives mules.
mowed, mOd, mown, mOn, adj., cut down with a mulish, mQl'ish, adj., like a mute: sullen ; obstin
ate.adv. mul'isaly.-n. mul'ishness.
scythe ; cleared of grass with a scythe, as land, mulatto, mQ-lat'O, n. one of a mixed breed like a
mower, mO'cr, ., one who mows or cuts grass.
fate, far ; me", her ; mine ; mote ; mute ; mOon ; Men.
33
 Mull
mule ; the offspring of black and white parents.
fern, mulaftresa. [Sp. mulatomulo, a mule.]
Kail, mul, v.t., to soften or render mild, as wine,
by warming and sweetening :~pr.p. miuTing ;
Pa.p. mulled'. [L. mollio, to soften.]
moiled, muld, adj., softened; heated and sweetened.
Mallei, mut'et, . a genus of fishes nearly cylindri
cal in form, highly esteemed for the table. [Fr.
muiet, L. mullus.]
Mulllon, mul'yun, . an upright division in the
middle between the lights of windows, &c. in a
Gothic arch.v.t. to shape into divisions by
mullions :Pr.p. mulfioning ; Pa.p. mull'ioncd.
[Fr. meneauL. medianusmedius, middle.]
Multangular, mult-ang/gil-lar, adj., having many
angles or corners. [L. muljus, many, andangular.]
Multifarious, mul-ti-fa'ri-us, adj., having great
diversity; manifold.adv. multlfa'rioualy. [L.
multus, many, and varius, diverse.]
Multiform, multi-form, adj., having many forms.
n. multliorm'lty. [L. multus, many, and Form.]
Multilateral, mul-ti-lat'er-al, adj., having many
sides. [L. multus, many, and Lateral]
MultlUneal, mul-ti-lin'e-al, adj., having many
lines. [L. multus, many, and lineal, j
Multiped, mul'ti-pcd, . an insect having many
feet. [L, multus, many, and pes, pedis, foot.]
Multiple, mul'ti-pl, adj., having many folds or
parts ; repeated many times.n. a number or
quantity which contains another an exact
number of times. [L. multiplexmultus,
many, and flieo, to fold.]
multiplex, mui'ti-pleks, adj., having many folds ;
manifold.
multipllable, mul'ti-pll-a-bl, adj., that may be mul
tiplied.
multiplicand, mul'ti-pli-kand, n. a number or
quantity to be multiplied by another.
multiplication, mul-ti-pli-k3'snun, ., the act of
multiplying; the rule or operation by which any
given number or quantity is multiplied.
multiplicative, mul'ti-pli-kat-iv, adj., tending to
multiply ; having the power to multiply.
multiplicity, mul-ti-ptis'i-ti, ., the state of being
multiplied or various ; a great number.
multiplier, mul'ti-plJ-er, n., one who or that which
multiplies or increases ; the number or quantity
by which another is multiplied.
multiply, mul'ti-plT, v.t., tofold or increase many
times ; to make more numerous ; to repeat any
given number or quantity as often as there are
units in another number.v.i. to increase:
pr.p. multiplying ; pa.p. nuil'tiplied.
Multitude, muFti-tad, ., the state ofbeing many;
a great number of individuals ; a crowd : the
vulgar or common people. [L. multitudomul
tus, many.]
multitudinous, mul-ti-tud'i-nus, adj., consisting of
or having the appearance of a multitude.
Mum, mum, adj. silent.n. silence.int. be silent
[formed bypressing the lips and implying silence.]
mumble, mum'bl, v.t. to utter the sound mum in
speaking ; to speak indistinctly : to chew softly;
to eat with the lips close.v.t. to utter indis
tinctly or imperfectly ; to mouth gently '.Pr.p.
mum'bling; Pa-P- mum'bled.
mumbler, munrolor, . one who mumbles or speaks
with a low, indistinct voice.
mumbling, mum'bling, adj. uttering with a low, in
distinct voice ; chewing softly.adv. mum'blingly.
Mnnun, mum, v.t. to mask; to make diversion in
disguise:pr.p. mumming; pa.p. mummed'.
fate, far ; me, her ; mine ;
murderer
[Dutch, mommen, to mask, mom, a mask, from
the inarticulate sounds made by the performers.]
mummer, mum'cr, n., one who mumtns or makes
diversion in disguise ; a masker ; a buffoon.
mummery, mum'er-i, n., mashing; diversion.
mumming, mum'ing, ., the sports ofmummers.
adj. pertaining to the sports of mummers.
Mump, mump, v.t. or i., to mumble or move the
lips with the mouth almost closed ; to nibble :
to cheat ; to play the beggar '.pr.p. mump'ing ;
pa.p. mumped'.
mumper, mump'er, one who mumps ; a beggar.
Mumps, mumps, n. a swelling of the glands of the
neck, which renders speaking difficult.
mumpish, mump'ish, adj., having mumps \ silent;
dull ; sullen.adv. mump'ishiy. n. mump'iihnesi.
Mummy, mum'i, n. a human body preserved by_ the
Egyptian art ofembalming, in which wax, spices,
&c. were employed.v.t. to embalm and dry as
a mummy :pr.p. mumm'ying ; pa.p. mumxa ied.
[low L. mumiaAr. mum, wax.]
mummify, mum'i-fl, v.t. to make into a mummy ; to
embalm and dry as a mummy '.pr.p. mumm'i-
fying ; Pa.p. mumm'ified. [Mammy, and facia,
to make.]n. mummification.
Mump, Mumpi, &c. See under Mam.
Munch, munsh, v.t. or i., to chew with shut mouth:
Pr-P- munch'ing; Pa.p. munched'. [Fr. man
ger; It. mangiareL, manducare, to chew.]
muncher, munsh'er, ., one who munches.
Mundane, mun'dun, adj.. belonging to the world;
terrestrial.adv. mun danely. [L. mundanus
mundus, the worldmundus, adorned, akin to
Sans, mand, to adorn.]
Municipal, mG-nis'i-pal, adj. lit. Pertainingto afree
town; pertaining to a corporation or city or to a
country. [L. municipalisjTommunicipium.afree
townmunia, official duties, and capio, to take.]
municipality, mQ-nis-i-pal'i-ti, ., a municipal dis
trict ; in France, a division of the country.
Munificent, mu-nifi-sent, adj. lit. present-making;
very liberal in giving ; generous ; bountiful.adv.
munificently. [L. munificusmunus, a present,
andfacio, to make.]
munificence, mO-nifi-sens, ., quality ofbeing mu
nificent; bountifulness. [Fr. ; L. mumficcntia.]
Muniment, mu'ni-ment, n., that which fortifies;
that which defends ; a stronghold ; place or means
of defence ; defence : in law, a recordfortifying
. a claim ; title-deeds. [L munimentum, from
munio, munitum, to fortify, akin to mons, a hill,
mania, walls.]
munition, mQ-nish'un, n. lit. afortifying; materials
used in war ; military stores of all kinds : in B.,
stronghold, fortress. [L. munitio,]
Munnlon, mun'yun, same as Mulllon.
Mural, mfl'ral, adj., pertaining to or like a wall;
steep. [L. muralis, from murus, a wall; akin
to mania, walls, and munio, to fortify.]
muriform, mu'ri-form, adj. in bot., resembling the
bricks in a wall. [L. murus, a vtiM,forma, shape,]
Murder, muiMcr, n. the premeditated act ofputting
a person to death, by one of sound mind.v.t.
to commit murder ; to destroy ; to put an end to :
-pr.p. mur'dering ; pa.p. murMered. [A.S. mor~
thor, from morth, death ; Ger. mord; Goth.
maurthr; akin to L. mors, mortis, death, and
Sans, mri, to die.]
murderer, mur'der-cr, ., one who murders, or is
guilty of murder.-fem. murderess.
mote ; mute ; mGon ; then.
333
 murderous
murderous, murMer-us, adj. , guilty ofmurder; con
sisting in or fond ofmurder ; bloody ; cruel.-a*^.
mur'derously.
Muriatic, mQ-ri-at'ik, adj. ,pertaining to or obtained
from sea-salt. [L. muriaticusmuria, brine]
Murlcate, mu'ri-kat,
in /.>.'. , armed withMurlcated, mu'ri-kS.t-ed,
sharppoints or prickles. adj.
[L.
muricatus, fromtnurex, wunci's, apointed rock.]
Murky, murk'i, adj., dark; obscure ; gloomy.adv.
murkily.n. murk iness. [A.S. myrc; Ice. myrkr,
Dan. and Sw. m&rk.\
Murmur, mur'mur, n. a low, indistinct sound, like
that of running water; a complaint in a low,
muttering voice.v.i. to utter a murmur; to
grumble '.Pr.p. murmuring ; Pa.p. murmured.
n. mur'mnrer. [from the sound.]
murmurous, mur'mur-us, adj., attended with mur
murs ; exciting murmur.
Murrain, murVan, or 'rin, n. an infectious andfatal
disease among cattle, [old Fr. marine, a dead car
cass ; It. moriaL. morior, to die.] See Mortal
Murrloa, mur'ri-un, same as Morion.
Kuscadel, mus'ka-dcl, Muscadine, mus'ka-dTn, Mus
cat, muscat, Muscatel, mus'ka-tel, . lit. a wine
smelling like musk ; a rich, spicy wine ; also the
grape producing it : a fragrant and delicious pear.
[It. moscadello, nwscatello ; low L. muscatellus,
dim. of muscatus, smelling like musk, from mus
caturn, nutmeg, museus, musk.] See Musk.
Muscle, musl, n. lit. a little mouse ; the fleshy parts
of an animal body by which it moves. [Fr. ; L.
muscuius, dim. of mus, a mouse, hence a muscle
referring to its appearance under the skin.]
muscular, musTiQ-lar. adj., pertaining to a muscle;
consisting of muscles ; brawny ; strong; vigorous.
adv. mus'cularly.n. muscularity, stateofbeing
muscular.
muscle, mussel, musH, n. a marine bivalve shell-fish,
used for food. [A.S. muscle, music ; Ger. mus-
ckel; Fr. tnoule ; L. musculus.]
Musculo, muVkoid, adj. in hot., moss-like.n+ a
moss-like, flowerless plant. [Fr. muscoideL.
muscus, moss, and Gr. eidos, form.]
Muse, muz, v.i. lit. to stand with open mouth; to
study in silence ; to be absent-minded ; to medi
tate '.Pr.p. muVing^ ; Pa.p. mused'.. deep
thought ; contemplation ; absence ofmind.adv.
nms'mgly.n. mus'er. [Fr. muser, to loiter, to
trifle ; It. musare; from L. morsus, mouth for
biting. See Muzzle.]
Muse, muz, n. lit. one that invents ; one of the nine
fabled goddesses of poetry, music, and the other
liberal arts. [L. musa ; Gr. mousa, prob. from
mad, to invent.]
museum, mG-zfi'um, n. lit. a seat of the Muses ; a
collection of natural, scientific, or other curiosi
ties, or of works of art. [L. ; Gr. mouseiori.]
music, mu'zik, n. lit. an art over which the Muses
presided ; melody or harmony ; the science which
treats ofharmony ; the art ofcombining sounds so
as to please the ear ; a musical composition. [Fr.
musique; L. musica; Gr. mousiki {techne, art).]
musical, mQ'zik-al, adj., Pertaining to or producing
music ; pleasing to the ear ; melodious.adv.
mu sically.n. mu'sicalness. [Fr.]
musician, mu-zish'an, ., one skilled in music; a
performer of music. [Fr. musicien,]
Mushroom, mush'roTSm, n. a spongy plant growing
on mossyground, some speciesofwhich are edible,
others poisonous; fig. one who rises suddenly from
fate, far ; me, her ; mine ;
334
Mutable
a low condition ; an upstart. [Fr. mousseron,
from mousse, moss.]
Musk, musk, n. a strong perfume obtained from
a bag behind the navel of the male musk-deer : a
hornless deer, in Thibet and Nepaul, yielding
musk.v.t. to perfume with musk '.pr.p. musk-
ing ; pa.p. musked'. [Fr. muse; L. muscus; Gr.
moschos; At. miskt musk; Pers. muschk; Sans.
muskka, testicle.]
musk'-apple, musk'-cat, musk'-melon, muak'-rose, &c.
so called from their musky odour,
musky, musk'i, adj., having the odour ofmusk.
adv. musk'ily.n. musk'Ines*.
Musket, musTcet, n. orig. a sparrow-hawk; the
common hand-gun of soldiers. [Fr. mousquet;
low L. muscketta, a bolt, from Prov. mosquet,
Fr. moucket, a sparrow-hawk, from Dutch,
tnossehe, mussche, a sparrow, or from L. musca,
a fly, on account of its speckles.]
musketeer, mus-ket-eV, n., a soldier armed with a
musket. [Fr. mousquetaire.\
musketoon, mus-ket-COn', a sJwrt musket l one
armed with a musketoon. [Fr. mousqueton.]
musketry, musTcet-ri, muskets in general;
practice with muskets. [Fr. mousqueterie.]
Muslin, muzTin, n. a fine thin kind of cotton cloth
with a downy nap [Fr. mousseline; It. mus-
solino; said to be from Moussulin Mesopotamia.]
muslinet, muz/lin-et, n. a coarse kind of muslin.
Mosquito, same as Mosquito.
MusaeL See Muscle.
Mussulman, mus'ul-man, ., a Moslem or Moham
medan :pi. Mus sulmans (-manz). [low L. mus-
sulmanusAx. moslem&ua, pi. of moslem.]
Must, must, v.i. to be obliged physically or morally.
[A.S. mot, most; Ger. mussen.]
Must, must, n, lit new wine; unfermented juice
of the grape. [A.S., Ice., and Sw. ; Ger. most;
L. musturn, from mustus, new, fresh.]
mustard, mus'tard, n. a plant with a pungent taste ;
the seed ground and used as a condiment, [old
Fr. moustarde; Fr. moutarde; Sp. mostaxa
L. inusturn, must, orig. used in preparing it.]
Mustache, mus-tash' or mOoVtash', Mustachlo, mus-
tash'o, n. lit. the upper lip; the beard upon it,
[Fr. moustache; Gr. mustax, mustakos.
mustachioed, mus-tash'Od, adj., having mustachios.
Mustard. See under Must.
Muster, mus'ter, v.t. lit to skew; to assemble, as
troops for duty or inspection ; to gather.v.i. to
be gathered together, as troops '.pr.p. mus'ter-
ing ; Pa.p. mus'tered.n. an assembling of
troops ; a register of troops mustered ; assem
blage ; collected show.Pass muster, to pass in
spection uncensured. [Ger. mustem; old Fr.
mustrer, monstrer; Fr, montrer; L. monstrv,
to shew.] Sec Monster,
muter-master, mus'ter-mas-ter, n. , the master of
the muster or who takes an account of troops,
their arms, &c.
Musty, musr'i, adj., mouldy ; spoiled by damp :
sour; fouLadv. must'lly.. must'loess. LGael.
musgach; Fr. moisir, L. muceo, to be mouldy,
from mucus.] See Mucus. (
Mutable, mO'ta-bl, adj., that may be chrmged;
subject to change ; inconstant-adv. tbu't'aUy.
mutability, mu'tabieness. quality oj'f being
[L. ntutabilismuto, muta turn, to
change- to move.] 3
mote ; mute ; moon ; then.
 mutation
mutation, mQ-t&'shun, ., act or process ofchang
ing; change ; alteration.
Hate, mQt, adj. lit. uttering the sound mu ; incap
able of speaking; dumb; silent: unpronounced.
n. one mute or dumb ; one who remains silent ;
a person stationed by undertakers at the door of
a house at a funeral : in gram., a letter having
no sound without the aid of a vowel, as b : in
law, one who refuses to plead to an indictment.
adv. mutely.*. mate nets. [L. ntutus, from
Gr. tnuzd, to utter the sound mu, produced by
closing the lips.]
mutter, mut'er, v.i. to utter words in a low voice ;
to murmur ; to sound with a low, rumbling noise,
p./. to utter indistinctly:/*-./, muttering;
Pa.p. mutt'ered.. mutt'erer. [prov. Ger. mut-
tem; L. mutio, from root of Mute.]
Mute, mlit, v.i., to dung, as birds:/r./. mOYing;
Pa.p. miit'ed. [old Fr. mutir ; esmeut, dung :
conn, with E. smelt or melt, from being of a
liquid nature.]
Mutilate, mu'ti-lat, v.t., to maim; to cut off; to
remove a material part of :pr.p. mG'tillting ;
pa.p. mu tilated.n. mu tilator, one who mutil
ates. [L. mutilo, -aturnmutilus, maimed, Gr.
mutihs, mttulos, curtailed, hornless.]
mutilation, mu-ti-la'shun, *., act of mutilating;
deprivation of a limb or essential part.
Mutiny, rmVti-ni, v.t. lit. to move; to rise against
authority in military or naval service : to revolt
against rightful authority '.Pr.p. mQ'tinying ;
Pa.p. mu'tmied. . insurrection, esp. naval or
military; tumult; strife. [Fr. mutinermutin,
riotous, old Fr. meute, L. motus, rising, insur
rection, from moveo, motum, to move.]
mutineer, mu-ti-ner', n., one guilty ofmutiny.
mutinous, mu'ti-nus, adj., disposed to mutiny;
seditious.adv. mu'tlnoualy.. mu'tinouanesa.
Mutter. See under Mute.
Mutton, mut'n, n. prob. that which is mutilated
or cut; the flesh of sheep. [Fr. mouton. It.
montone, a sheep ; low L. multo, from L.
mutilus, mutilated.] See Mutilate.
mutton-chop, mut'n-chop, n. a rib of mutton chopped
at the small end. [Mutton, and Chop.]
Mutual, mQ'tu-al, adj., interchanged; in return;
given and received.adv. mu tually.;:. mutu
ality. [Fr. mutuel, L. mutuusvtuto, to change]
Muzzle, mu/I, n. lit. that which bites; the mouth ;
the projecting mouth, lips, and nose ofan animal :
a fastening for the mouth to prevent biting ; the
extreme end of a gun, &cv.t. to put a muzzle
on ; to restrain from biting : to keep from hurting :
Pr.p. muzzling ; Pa.p. muzzled. [Gael, mHi-
seal, Fr. museau, It muso, from L, morsus, a
bitemordeo, to bite.]
My, mT, pass. adj.t belonging to me. [contr. of
Mine.]
myself, mi-self, Pron., 2 or me, in personused for
the sake of emphasis and also as the reciprocal
of me. [My, and Self.]
Myriad, mirl-ad, ., a ten thousand; any immense
number. [Gr. myHas, myriados, allied to W.
mawr, great, more, myrdd, an infinity.]
myriapod, miri-a-pod, n. lit. an animal with 10,000
feet ; a worm-shaped articulate animal with many
jointed legs. [Gr. myrioi, 10,000, and pons,
Pedes, foot.]
Myrmidon, meVmi-don, ft. orfg. one of a tribe of
warriors who accompanied Achilles ; one of a
fate, far ; mi, her ; mine ;
Nail
ruffianly band under a daringleader. [L. and Gr.,
usually derived from myrmix, an ant.]
Myrrh, mer, n. a bitter aromatic, transparent gum,
exuded from the bark of a shrub in Arabia, used
in medicine for its odour. [Fr. myrrhe, L. and
Gr. myrrha, Ar. murr, from marra, to be bitter.]
Myrtle, merll, n. an evergreen shrub with beauti
ful and fragrant leaves, [old Ger. mirtel, L. and
Gr. myrtusGr. myron, any sweet juice.]
Myself. See under My.
Mystery, mis'tcr-i, ., that which is closed or con
cealed; anything kept concealed ; anything very
obscure ; that which is beyond human compre
hension ; anything artfully made difficult, [Fr.
mystire? L. mysterium, Gr. mysterionmystes,
one initiatedmuto, to initiate into mysteries
mud, to closeroot mu, close.] See Mute.
mysterious, mis-tC'ri-us, adj., containing mystery;
obscure ; secret ; incomprehensible.<k>. mys-
te'rloualy. n. myate'rioumesa.
mystic, mis'tik, mystical, mis'tik-al, adj., relating
to or containing mystery; sacredly obscure or
secret ; involving a secret meaning ; allegorical :
belonging to mysticism.adv. myi'tically. [L.
mysticus, Gr. mystihos.]
mystic, mis tilt, . one of a sect professing to have
direct intercourse with the spirit of God who re
vealed mysteries to them.
mysticism, nuYti-sizm, ., the doctrine of the
mystics: obscurity of doctrine.
mystify, nuYti-fT, v.t., to make mysterious, obscure,
or secret ; to involve in mystery '.Pr.p. mys'tify-
ing ; pa.p. mys'tifled.n. mystification. [Fr.
mysttfier, from Gr. mystis, and L.facio, to make.}
Myth, mith, n. a fable ; a legend ; a fabulous nar
rative founded on a remote event, esp. those
made in the early period of a people's existence.
[Gr. myth**.]
mythic, mith'ik, mythical, mlthlk-al, adj., relating
to myths ; fabulous.adv. mythically. [Gr.
mythikos. ]
mythology, mith-ol'o-ji, ., a telling of myths;
a system of myths ; a treatise regarding myths ;
the science of myths. [Gr. mythologiamythos,
and logos, a treatise.]
mythologic, mith-o-loj'ik, mythological, mith-o-loj-
ik-al adj., relating to mythology ; fabulous.
adv. mytholog'lcaUy.
mythologlst, mith-ol'o-jlst, ., one versed in or who
writes on mythology.
N
Nabob, nabob, n.t a deputy or governor under the
Mogul empire ; a European who has enriched
himself in the East ; any man of great wealth,
[corr. of Hindu, nawdb, a deputy ; Ar. nauwab,
governors, from ndba, to take one's turn,]
Nadir, nadir, n. the point of the heavens directly
opposite and corresponding to the zenith. [Ar.
nadir, nasir, from nazara, to be like.]
Nag, nag, n. a horse, but particularly a small one.
[usually given from A.S. hmegan, to neigh.]
Naiad, na'yad, . , a water-nymph or female deity,
fabled to preside over rivers and springs. [L.
and Gr. naias, naiados, from nod, to flow.]
Nail, nSl, x. the horny scale at the end of the
human fingers and toes ; the claw of a bird or
other animal : a pointed spike of metal for fasten
ing wood ; a measure of length (2J inches).v.t.
to fasten with nails :pr.p. nail'ing ; pa.p. nailed'.
mOte; mute; mo*Qn; Men.
33S
 nailer
(A.S. nagel, Ger. nagel; allied to L. unguis, Gr.
onyx, onychos, Fans. nakha.]
nailer, naler, ., one whose trade is to make nails.
nailery, niler-i, n., a place where nails are made.
Halve, na'ev, adj. with native or unaffected sim
plicity ; artless ; ingenuous.adv. na ively.n.
naivete, na'cv-ta. [Fr. naff, naive, L. nativus,
native, innate, from nascor, natus, to be born.]
Naked, nalced, adj. uncovered ; exposed : unarmed ;
defenceless : unconcealed ; plain or evident:
without addition or ornament ; simple, artless :
in dot. , without the usual covering.adj. na kedly.
n. nVaedneas. [A.S. naccd, nacoa, old Ger.
nakot, Ger. nackt, Sans, magna ; akin to L.
nudus, naked, Sans, naj, to be ashamed.]
Name, nam, n. that by which a person or thing is
known or called ; a designation : reputed char
acter ; reputation ; fame ; celebrity ; remem
brance ; a race or family : appearance ; authority,
behalf; assumed character ofanother : in gram.,
a noun.v.t. to give a name to ; to designate ;
to speak of by name ; to nominate '.pr.p. nam'-
ing ; Pa.p. named'.n. nam'er. [A.S. nama, Ger.
name; L. nomennosco, to know ; Gr. onoma,
for ognoma, from gna, root ofgigndskd, to know ;
Sans, n&manjna, to know.]
nameless, nam'les, adj., without a name ; undis
tinguished. adv. namelessly.. namelessneai.
namely, nam'li, adv., by name ; that is to say.
namesake, nam'sak, n. one whose name has been
given to himfor the sake of another ; one bear
ing the same name as another. [Name, and Sake.]
Nankeen, nan-ken', n. a buff-coloured cotton cloth
first made at Nankin in China.
Nap, nap, n. lit. a nod; a short sleep.v.i. to
take a short sleep ; to feel drowsy and secure :
fr.p. napp'ing ; Pa.p. napped'. [A.S. hn&p*
Pian, to nap ; Ger. knappen, to move to and fro.]
Nap, nap, n. , the woolly substance on the surface
of cloth ; the downy covering of plants.adj.
-PPy. (A.S. hnopba, Ice. napp, allied to Fr.
ttoper, to nip off tne knots on the surface of
cloth, Ger. noppen, Gr. knaptJ, to dress cloth,
from knad, to scrape.]
napless, nap'les, adj., without nap; threadbare.
Nape, nilp, n., the knob or projecting joint of the
neck behind. [A.S. cnap, the top of anything,
W. cnap, a knob.] See Knob.
Napery, nap'er-i, n. linen, esp. for the table, [old
Fr. naperie; Fr. nappe, a table-cloth, L. mappa,
a napkin.]
napkin, naplcin, . lit. a little cloth; a cloth for
wiping the hands ; a handkerchief, [dim. of Fr.
nappe.)
Tfaphtha, nap'tha or naf'tha, n. a clear, inflammable
liquid distilled from coal-tar ; rock-oil. [L.,
Gr. ; Pers., Ar. na/thnafatha, to boil.]
naphthaline, nap'tha-fin, or naf, n. a grayish-white,
inflammable substance formed in the rectifica
tion of petroleum.
Narcissus, nar-sis'us, n. a genus of flowering plants
comprising the daffodils, &c. having narcotic
properties. [L., Gr. narkissosnarki, torpor.]
narcotic, nar-kofik, adj., Producing torpor, sleep,
or deadness.n. a medicine producing sleep or
stupor.adv. narcot'ically. [Gr. narkotikos.]
Nard, nard, n. an aromatic plant usually called
Spikenard ; an unguent prepared from it.adj.
nard'lne. [A.S. and Fr., ; L. nardus, Gr. nardos,
Ar. nardin, Pers. nard, Sans. naladaJ]
fate, far ; me, her ; mine ;
336
Nature
Narrate, na-rat', or na/, v.t., to make known: to
tell or recite ; to give an account of :pr.p.
narrating; Pa.p. narrated.. narration. [L.
narro, narratumgnarus, knowingroot gna.]
narrative, nar'a-tiv, adj., narrating ; giving an
account of any occurrence ; inclined to narra
tion; story-telling.. that which is narrated;
a continued account of any occurrence ; story.
Narrow, nar'O, adj. lit. near ; of little breadth or
extent ; limited : contracted in mind ; bigoted ;
not liberal ; selfish : within a small distance ;
close : accurate ; careful.n. (oftener used in the
//.) a narrow passage, channel, or strait. v.t. to
make narrow; to contract or confine.v.i. to
become narrow '.pr.p. narr'owing ; Pa.p. narr
owed.adv. narrowly.. narr'ownea*. [A.S.
nearo, from neara, comp. of neah, near.] See
Near.
narrow-minded, nar'O-mind-ed, adj., 0/ a narrow
or illiberal mind.n. narrow-mindedness.
Narwhal, narTiwal, Narwal, nar'wal, n. a species of
whale or dolphin with a pallid, corpse-like skin
and a projecting tusk ; the sea-unicom. [Ice.
na, nar, a corpse, and Whale.]
Nasal, nuz'al, adj., belonging to the nose; affected
by or sounded through the nose.n. a letter or
sound uttered through the nose. [Fr., from L.
nasus, the nose.] See Nose.
nasturtium, nas-tur'shi-um, n. lit. that which causes
the nose to twist ; a kind of cress with a
pungent taste. [L., from nasus, the nose, and
torqueo, tortum, to twist.]
Nascent, nas'ent, adj., springing up ; arising; be
ginning to exist or grow. [L. nascens, -entis,
pr.p. of nascor, natus, to be born, to spring up.]
natal, na'tal, adj., pertaining to birth; native.
[L. natalisnascor, natus.]
Nasturtium. See under NasaL
Nasty, 11.1s 11, adj. lit. wet ; dirty ; filthy : obscene ;
nauseous.adv. nas'tlly.n. naVtlneee. [prob
ably from Ger. nass, wet, Ger. netzen, for nassen,
to be wet.]
Natal. See under Nascent.
Nation, na'shun, . those Born of the same ances
tors ; the people inhabiting the same country, or
under the same government ; a race : a great
number. [L. nationascor, natus, to be born.]
national, nash'un-al, adj., pertaining to a nation;
public ; general : attached to one's own country.
adv. nationally.n. na'tlonalness.
nationalism, nash'un-al-izm, nationality, nash-un-
al'i-ii, ., the quality 0/ being national, or
attached to one's country; national character.
nationalise, nash'un-al-Iz, v.t., to make national.
native, na'tiv, adj.,from or by birth; produced by
nature ; pertaining to the time or place of birth ;
original.. one born in any place ; an original
inhabitantadv. natively.n. nativesess.
nativity, na-tiVi-ti, state of being bom; time,
place, and manner of birth ; state or place of
being produced : a horoscope.The Nativity, the
birthday of the Saviour.
Nature, na'tur, n. lit. birth; the power which
creates and presides over the material world :
the established order of things ; the universe : the
essential qualities of anything ; constitution :
species; character; natural disposition: confor
mity to that which is natural : a mind, or char*
actcr : nakedness. [L. naturanascor, natus,
to be borngna, a form of root gen = Gr. gen, to
be born.]
mote; mute; mOon; Men,
 natural Neck
Mtml, nat'Q-ral, adj., pertaining to, produced yet more.n. denial. [A.S. na = ne, no, and
by, or according to nature; inborn; not far Ay; Goth, ni; Sans, na, not.]
fetched ; not acquired : tender ; unaffected :
illegitimate : in music, according to the usual Nazarite, naz'ar-tt, ., one vowed or consecrated;
a Jew who vowed to abstain from strong drink,
diatonic scale : in theot, discoverable by reason. &c. [Heb. nazar, to consecrate.]
n. one bom without natural understanding ;
an idiot : in music, a character which removes Naxarltlam, ofa
naz'ar-It-um, n., the vow andpractice
Nazarite.
the effect of a preceding sharp or flat.adv. Naap, nip, adj. lit. scanty; low, applied to the
nat'urally.n. nat'uralness. lowest tides.n. a neap-tide. [A.S. nep ; Dan.
naturalism, nit'Q-ral-izm, n., mere state ofnature. neppe, scarcely, knap, scanty ; Ice. neppr, nar
naturalist, nat/Q-ral-ist, n.t on* who studies nature. row, contracted.]
naturalise, nat'u-ral-Iz, v.t., to make natural or neaped, ncpt, adj. left in the neap-tide or aground,
familiar: to adapt to a different climate: to invest as a ship.
with the privileges of natural-bom subjects: Hear, ner, adj., nigh ; not far distant : intimate ;
Pr.p. naturalising; pa.p. nat7urallscd.n, natu- dear: close to anything followed or imitated:
rallsa'tlon.
Waught, nawt, n., no-whit, nothing.adv. in no direct : stingy.adv. at a little distance : almost.
degree.adj. of no value or account ; worthless ; -v.t. to approach; to come nearer to:pr.p.
bad. [A.S. naht, neaht, na-wi/ttna, not, comp. of; neaJt, nearlng pa.p. nearcd'. [A.S. near, nearer,
nigh, now used as a positive ;
wiht, anything.]
naughty, nawt/i, adj. lit. of no value or account; near; Sans, nak,; bordering.]
Ice. na, narrri old Ger. maker, Dan. now,
bad; mischievous; perverse.adv. naught'Uy. nearly, nfirli, adv. at no great distance ; closely :
n. naught'lnass. intimately; pressingly: almost: stingily.
Nausea, n.tw'zo-a, n. lit. sea-sickness ; any sickness nearness, neVncs, ., the state ofbeing near; close
of the stomach, with a propensity to vomit ; ness : intimacy : close alliance : stinginess.
loathing. [L. ; Gr. nausianaus, a ship.] near-eighted, neV-sTt-ed, adj., seeing only when
nauseate, naw'z5-St, v.i., to feel nausea; to be
come squeamish ; to feci disgust.v.t. to loathe ; near; short-sighted.//, near'-slghtedneis.
to strike with disgust:/r./. nau'seating ; /a./. Neat, net, adj. lit. not knowing, irrational ; belong
nau'se'Sted. ing to the bovine genus.n. black-cattle ; an
nauseous, naw'ze-us, adj., producing nausea ; ox or cow. [A.S. mat, caftlc, a beastnitan
disgusting ; loathsome.adv. nau'seouly.n. ne witan, not to know ; Ice. naut, an ox ;
nau teonsnen. Scot, nout, black-cattle.]
Nautic. naw'tik. Nautical, naVtik-al, adj., pertain neat-herd, neY-herd, n. one who herds or has the
ingto ships, sailors, or navigation ; naval ; marine. care of neat or cattle.
adv. nau'tleally. [L. nauticus, Gr. nautikos Neat, net, adj., shining; tidy; unadulterated:
L. navis, Gr. naus, Sans, nau, a ship.]
nautilus, naw'ti-lus, n. a kind of shell-fish furnished pure, as style.adv. neatly.n. neatness, [old
with a membrane which was once believed to tZ. to
netl ; rr. net; L. nitidus, shiningniteo,
shine.]
enable it to sail like a ship. [L. ; Gr. naulilos.]
naval, na val, adj., pertaining to ships; consisting Nab,a bird: neb, ., a sharpprojectingPoint ,* the beak of
ofships; marine; nautical. [L. navalisnavis\ the beak the nose. flee, nebbi; Dutch, nebbe,
of a bird ; Ice. nibba, a promontory.]
navigable, nav'i-gabl.rt/i'j:. ,that may bepassed'by ships Nebula, neb'Q-la, n., a little cloud; a faint, misty
or vessels.n. navigableness.adv. nav'igably.
navigate, nav'i-gat, v.t. to steer or manage a ship appearance in the heavens produced by innu
in sailing ; to sail on.v.i. to go in a vessel merable stars.//, nebula. [L. ; Gr. nephelf,
cloud, mist.]
or ship ; to sail :Pr.p. navigating ; pa.p. navi nebular, neb'Q-lar, adj., pertaining to nebular.
gated. [L. navigo, -aturnnavis.] nebuloae, neb'Q-lOs, nebulous, neVQ-lus, adj. having
navigation, nav-i-ga shun, ., the act, science, or art the appearance of clouds; misty; relating to or
ofsteering ships.
navigator, nav'i-gat-or, n., one mho navigates or having losity.
the appearance of a nebula.n. nebu
sails ; one who directs the course of a ship.
savvy, nav'i. n. orig. a labourer on canals for Necessary, nes'es-sar-i, adj. lit that cannot yield
internal navigation ; a labourer, [a contraction or give way to anything else ; unavoidable :
of navigator.] indispensable : not free.n. a requisiteused
navy, na'vi, . a fleet of ships; the whole of the chiefly in pi.adv. nae'essaruy. [L. nccessarius
ships-of-war of a nation : the officers and men ne, not, and cedo, cessum, to yield : or from
belonging to the war-ships of a nation. nec, root of necto, to bind.]
Vave, nav, n. the middle or body of a church, necessitarian, ne-ses-si-ta'ri-an, necessarian, nes-es-
distinct from the aisles or wings, perhaps so called sa'ri-an, n., one who holds the doctrine of
from the resemblance of the roof to the hull of a necessity, denying freedom of will.
ship. [Fr. nef; Sp. naveL. navis, a ship.] necessitate, nc-ses'si-tat, v.t., to make necessary;
Have, nSv, . lit. a knob or projection ; the piece to render unavoidable : to compel '.pr.p. ne
of wood, &c. in the centre of a wheel, through necessitous, cessitating; pa.p. necessitated. (L. necessitas.]
which the axle passes. ne-ses sit-us, adj., without what is
naval, nav'l, n. lit. a little nave; the mark or necessary; ltously.n.
very poor; destitute.adv. naceew'-
necess ltounes*.
depression in the centre of the lower part of the
abdomen, at first a smallprojection. [A. S. nafu, necessity, ne-ses'si-ti, n., that which is necessary
nave, nafela, navel ; Sans, nabhi, nave, navel ; or unavoidable : compulsion : need ; poverty.
Ice. nabti, navel, conn, with nabbi, a knoll.] Hack, nek, n. the bending part of an animal's body
Havigate, Navy, &c. See above. between the head and trunk ; a long narrow part.
Kay, n4, adv., not aye or yes ; no; not only so ; [A.S. hneccahnigan, to bend; Dutch, nek;
Cite, fir; mi, her; mine; mflte; mate; mOOn; then.
V 337
 neckcloth
Ger. tuxekeneievn, to bend : also given from
the root of Nape.]
neckcloth, nekldoth, n. a piece of cloth worn on the
neck by men.
necked, nckt, adj., having a neck.
neckerchief, nek er-chif, n. a kerchieffor the neck.
necklace, neklas, n. a lace or stnng of beads or
precious stones worn on the neck by women,
necktie, nek'tl, n. a tie or cloth for die neck.
Necrology, ne-krol'o-ji, n., an account of the dead
or of deaths ; a register of deaths. [Gr. nekros,
dead (allied to nekys, a dead body, Sans, nac,
to die), and Gr. logos, a discourse.}
necrologlc, ne-kro-loj ik, necrologtcal, ne-kro-loj'ik-al,
adj., pertaining to necrology.
necrologist, ne-krol'o-jist, one iv/io gives an
account ofdeatlts.
Necromancy, nek'ro-man-si, n. the art of revealing
future events by communication with the dead;
enchantment. [Gr. nekromanteianekros, and
manteia, a -mantis, a prophet.]
n. , one who/roctit
o practises
necromancy ,* a sorcerer,
necromantic, nek-ro-man'tik, necromantical, nek-ro-
man'tik-al, adj.,pertaining to necromancy ; per
formed by necromancy.adv. necroman'tlcally.
Necropolis, ne-krop'o-Hs, . Ut. a city of the dead;
a cemetery. [Gr. nekros, and Polis, a city.]
Nectar, nck'tar; n. the red wine or drink of the
gods : a delicious beverage : the honey of the
glands of plants. [L. ; Gr. nektar; usually given
from ne, not, and kteino, to kilL]
nectareal, nek-ta'rc-al, nectartan, nek-ta're-an, adj.,
Pertaining to or resembling nectar; delicious,
nectared, nck'tard, adj., imbued with nectar;
mingled or abounding with nectar,
nectareous, nek-ta're-us, adj., pertaining to, con
taining, or resembling nectar; delicious.adv.
, nek'tar-us, adj., sweet as nectar.
. nek'ta-rirv, adj., sweet as nectar.n. a
)us variety of peach with a smooth fruit,
nek'tar-i, n. the part of a flower which
secretes the nectar or honey.
Need, nd, ., compulsion, necessity: a state that
requires relief; want.v.t. to have a necessity
for ; to want :pr.p. need'ing ; pa.p. need'ed.
n. need'er. [A.S. nead, Ger. noth. Ice. nauda,
need ; or A.S. neadne, not, ead, prosperity,
eadig, happy, rich.]
needful, nCd fool, adj.,full of need, needy : neces
sary; requisite.-adv. need'faUy.n. need'falness.
nd'les, adj., not needed; unnecessary.
nejdz, adv., of necessity ,* indispensably,
[genitive of need, as in A.S. neades, of necessity.]
, nid'i, adj., being in need; very poor.adv.
1 Uy.n. need'lnesa.
, nidi, n. lit that which pricks or sews; a
small, sharp-pointed steel instrument, with an eye
for a thread : anything like a needle, as the
magnet of a compass.v.i. to shoot into needle-
shaped crystals 'Pr.p. needling '.pa.p. need led.
[A.S. needel, Ger. nadel (akin to nagel, a nail,
nessel, a nettle), from Ger. n&hen, old Ger. nagan,
to sew, akin to Gr. nussd, to prick.]
needle-book, nfdl-book, n., a book/or needles.
needleful, nd1-fool, n. as much thread as Jills a
needle.pi. need'lefuls.
needle-gun, nfid 1-gun, n., a gun or rifle loaded at
the breech with a cartridge containing powder
exploded by the prick of a needle.
fate, far; m, her; mine;
3.lS
Neighbour
nedl-woom'an, n., a
makes her living by her needle, a s
needle-work, nfd'l-wurk, n., work done
needle ; the business of a seamstress.
Needless, Needs, Needy. See under Need.
Ne'er, air, adv. contraction of Never.
Neezbig, ncz'ing, n. in B., old form of a
Nefarious, ne-fa'ri-us, adj., not according to divine
law; impious ; wicked in the extreme ; villain
ous.adv. nefariously.n. nefa'rlousnen. [L.
nefarius, contrary to divine lawne, not, fas,
divine law, prob. fromfari, to speak.]
Negation, ne-gi'shun, n. lit. act of saying no;
denial : in logic, the absence of certain qualities
in anything. [Fr.L. negationego, -atum, to
say nonec, not, aio, to say yes.]
negative, neg'a-tiv, adj., t/tat denies; implying
absence : that stops or restrains : in logic, deny
ing the connection between a subject and predi
cate : in algebra, noting a quantity to be sub
tracted.n. a proposition by which something is
denied : in gram., a word that denies.v.t. to
prove the contrary ; to reject by vote :-pr.p.
neg'ativing ; pa.p. neg'atived.adv. negatively.
n. neg'atlveness. [L. negativusnego, to deny.]
Neglect, neg-Iekr*, v.t. lit. not to gather, not to
care for ; to disregard ; to omit by carelessness ;
not to attend to, &c. :pr.p. neglecting ; pa p.
neglected.n. disregard; slight: omission, [L.
negligo, neglectumnec, not, lego, to gather,
pick up.]
neglectful, ncg-lekt'fool, adjxfull ofneglect; care
less : accustomed to omit or neglect things :
slighting.adv. neglect'fully.rt. neglect'fulneas.
negligee, neg-li-zha', n. a dress worn negligently;
a loose undress : a long necklace, usually of red
coral. [Fr. nigliginegliger, to neglecL]
negligent, neg'li-jent, adj., neglecting; careless;
inattentive.adv. negligently. [ 1 ,. negligens,
-cutis, pr.p. of negligo.\
negligence, neg'li-jens, ., quality of being negli
gent; habitual neglect; carelessness: omission
of duty. [L. negltgentianegtigms.}
Negotiate, nc-gO'shi-fit, v.i., to carry on business;
to bargain ; to hold intercourse for the purpose
of mutual arrangement.v.t. to arrange for by
agreement ; to pass, as a bill ; to sell :pr.p.
negotiating ; Pa.p. negO'tiSted.. nego tiator.
[L. negotior, -atusnegotium, businessnec,
not, ottum, leisure.]
negotiable, ne-gO'shi-abl, adj., that may be nego
tiated or transacted.n. negotiabil ity.
negotiation, ne-go-shi-a'shun, n. , act ofnegotiating;
the treating with another on business.
negotlatory, ne-gO'shi-a-tor-i, adj., ofox pertaining
to negotiation.
Negro, nfgrO, n. one of the black race in Africa.
fern, ne'gress. [Sp. negroL. niger, black.)
negrohead, ne'grO-hed, n. tobacco soaked in mol
asses and pressed into cakes, so called from its
blackness.
Negus, nfi'gus, n. a beverage of wine, water, sugar,
nutmeg, and lemon-juice, [said to be so called
from Colonel Negus, its first maker, in the reign
of Queen Anne.]
Neigh, nS, v.i., to utter the cry of a horse:
pr.p. neigh'ing ; Pa.p. neighed' (nSd).n. the
cry of a horse. [A.S. hntrgan, Ice. hneggia, Fr.
kennir, L. hinnio; Scot, nicker; from the sound.]
Neighbour, nSljur, ru a person who dwells near
mote; mute; mOon; Men.
 neighbourhood
another.adj. in B., neighbouring.v.i. to live
near each other.v.t. to be near io:pr.p.
neighbouring ; pa.p. neigh'bourcd. [A.S. neah-
irur, neahgabur, Gcr. nachbarA.S. neah, Ger.
nach, near, bauer, a fanner, dweller.] See Boor,
neighbourhood, na'bur-hood, state of being
neighbours i place near; adjoining district,
neighbouring, na bur-ing, adj., being near.
neighbourly, na'bur-li, adj., like or becoming a
neighbour', friendly; social.adv. neighbourly.
n. neighbourliness.
Neither, nfi'Mdr or nVthtr, adj., pron., or can/., not
either. [A.S. natherne, not, and Either. |
Nemeiij, nem'e-sis( n. in myth., the goddess of
vengeance: retributive justice. [Gr. nemd, to
distribute.]
Neology, neVol'o-ji, n. the introduction of neiu words
into a language ; a new word or phrase : in
theol., new doctrines, esp. German rationalism.
[Gr. neos, new, logos, wordlegd, to speak.]
neologlc, nej-o-loj'ik, neologtcsd, n4-o-loj'ik-al, adj.,
Pertaining to neology ; using new words.
neologise, neVol'o-jlz, v.i., to introduce new words.
neologism, ne-ol'o-jii>m, ., a new word, expression,
or doctrine.
neologlst, ne-ol'oj1st, n. lit. mn innovator in lan
guage ; an innovator in theology.
Neophyte, nefo-fTt, n. lit. one newly planted; a
new convert; in R. Catholic Church, one newly
admitted to the priesthood or to a monastery :
a novice.adj. newly entered. [L. neophytus
Gr. neophytosneoSy new, phytos, grown,
phyd, to produce.)
Neoteric, nS-o-ter'ik, Neotarlcal, nC-o-ter'ik-al, adj.
lit. belonging to what is newer; ofrecent origin ;
modern. [I*. neotericusGr. neoterikosmi>-
teros, comp. of neos, new.]
Nepenthe, nt-pen'the", Nepenthes. ne"-pen'thez, n. lit.
that which relievesfromgriefor pain : in med. ,
a drug that relieves pain : a genus of plants
having a lid attached to the leaf, often filled
with a sweetish liquid. [Fr.Gr. nifenthes,
removing sorrow, once applied to an Egyptian
drug which lulled sorrow for the dayne, priv.
and Penthos, grief, sorrow.]
Nephew, nev'Q or nef fi, n. ong. a grandsonso in
New Test. ; the son of a brother or sister, [old
E. nevewe, A.S. nefa, Fr. neveu, old Fr. nepveu,
It. nepoteL. nepos, nepotis, a grandson ; Gr.
anepsios, a cousin ; Sans, na/at, napatri.\
nepotism, nep'o-tizm, n. lit. /ondnessfor nephews ;
favouritism to one's relations.n. nepotist, one
who practises nepotism.
Nephralgia, ne-fral'ji-a, Nephralgy, ne-fral'ji, n.,
Pain or disease of the kidneys. [Gr. nephroi,
kidneys, algos, pain.)
nephritic, ne-frit'ik, nephrttlcsJ, ne-frit'ik-al, adj.,
pertaining to the kidneys ; affected with a dis
ease of the kidneys : relieving diseases of the
kidneys.n. nephrit ic, a medicine for the cure
of diseases of the kidneys.
nephritis, ne-frl'tiz, n. inflammation of the kidneys.
Repotlsm. See under Nephew.
Neptune, nep'tun, . lit. the bather; in myth., the
god of the sea : in astr. , a large planet dis
covered in 1846. [L. Neitunus, akin to Gr.
niptomai, to bathe : or to L. nubes, Gr. ntphos,
a cloud, Sans, nabhas, the sky.]
neptunian, nep-tu'ni-an, adj.,pertaining to the sen;
formed by water.
fate, far ; me", her ; mine ;
Nethinim
Nereid, nti're-id, n. in myth., a sea-nymfk, one of
the daughters of the sea-god Nereus, who at
tended Neptune riding on sea-horses : in zool., a
genus of marine worms like long myriapods.
[L. Nereis, Gr. Nereis, -idosNireus, a sea-
god; akin to ned, to swim, mad, to flow, and
Sans, nara, water.]
Nerve, nerv, n. orig. a tendon or sinew: physical
strength; firmness; courage: in anat., one of
the fibres which convey sensation from all parts
of the body to the brain: in bot., one of the
fibres in the leaves of plants.v.t. to give
strength or vigour to:Pr.p. nciVing; pa.p.
nerved'. [L. nervusGr. neuron, a sinew; old
Ger. snara. Ger. schnur, a lace or tie.]
nerveless, neiVIes, adj., without nerve or strength.
nervine, nerv'in, adj., acting on the nerves; quiet
ing nervous excitement n. a medicine that
soothes nervous excitement [L. nervinus.]
nervous, neiVus, adj., having nerve; sinewy;
strong ; vigorous : pertaining to the nerves :
having the nerves affected or weak.adv.
nervously.n. nervousness. [Fr. nervcuxL.
ttervosus.]nerVous lys'tem, in anat., the brain,
spinal chord, and nerves collectively.
nervous, neiVus, nervoee, ner-voY, nerved, nervd',
adj. in hot., having parallel fibres or veins.
Ness, nes, n. lit a nose; a promontory or small
cape. [A.S. no?s, nose, promontory.]
Nest, nest, . the bed formed by a bird for hatching
her young: the place in which the eggs of any
animal are laid and hatched : a comfortable resi
dence: the abode ofa large number ; a large num
ber going to a place : a number of boxes each in
side the next larger.v.i. to build and occupy a
nestv.t. to form a nest for:pr.p. nesting;
pa.p. nested. [A.S. nest, nist, W. nytk, Gael
nead ; akin to L. nidus, for nisdus, Sans, nida.]
nestle, nesl, v.i. to lie close or snug as in a nest;
to settle comfortably.v.t. to cherish, as a bird
her young '.Pr.p. ncs'tling ; Pa.p. nes'tied.
[A.S. nestlionnest]
nestling, nest'ling, adj., being in the nest, newly
hatched.n. a young bird in the nest
Nestorian, nes-tA'ri-an, adj. pertaining to the doc
trine of Nestortus, patriarch of Constantinople
(5th cent.) : resembling Nestor, the aged wamor
and counsellor mentioned in Homer; experi
enced; wise.
Net, net, n. lit. thai which is knitted; an instru
ment of twine knotted into meshes for catching
birds, fishes, &c. ; anything like a net : a snare ;
a difficulty.v.t. to form as network; to take
with a net.v.i. to form network:pr.p, nett
ing; pa.p. nett'ed. [A.S. net, nyt, Ger. netz,
from root of Knit.]
netting, net'ing, n,, act offorming network; a
piece of network.
network, net'wurk, n. a piece of work or a fabric
formed like a net.
Net, net, adj. orig. neat, unmixed ; clear of all
charges.v.t. to produce as clear profit:^./,
nett'ing; pa.p. nett'ed. [A.S. nett; same as
Neat]
Nether, neM'tr, adj., beneath another, lower:
infernal. [A.S. nithera, comp. of nither, below.]
nethermost, neth'er-most, adj. , most beneath^
lowest [A.S. nithemest, superL of nither.]
Nethinim, Nethinim*, neth'in-im, -ims, in B.t
men given to the Levites to assist them. [Heb.
nathan, to give. See Numbers viiL 19.]
mOte ; mute ; moTJn ; Men.
 Nettle
Nettle, netl, n. lit. theJlant that pierces like a
needle ; a common plant covered with hairs
which sting sharply.v.t. to fret, as a nettle
does the skin ; to irritate '.pr.p. nett'ling ; pa.p.
nettled. [See Needle.] _
nettle-rash, netl-rash, n. a kind of fever character
ised by a rash or eruption on the skin like that
/ caused by the sting of a nettle.
Neural, mVral, adj., pertaining to the nerves. [Gr.
neuron. See Nerve.]
neuralgia, nO-ralli-a, neuralgy, nQ-ral'ji, n.,pain in
the nerves. [Gr. neuron, and algos, pain.]
neuralgic, nu-ral'jik, adj.,pertaining to neuralgia.
neurology, nQ-rolo-jL n., the science of the nerves.
[Gr. neuron, and logos, science.]adj. neuro
logical. neurol'ogist, a writer on neurology.
neuroptera, nu-rop'ter-a, n.pt. lit. nerve-wings ; an
order of insects which have generally four wings
reticulated with many nerves. [Gr. neuron,
nerve, ptera, pi. ofpterou, a wing.]
nouropteral, nu-rop'ter-al, neuropterous, nfl-rop'ter-
us, adj., nerve-winged; belonging to the neu
roptera.
neurotic, nfl-rot'ik, adj., relating to or seated in the
nerves.~n. a disease of the nerves ; a medicine
useful for diseases of the nerves.
Neuter, nu't6r, adj., neither; taking no part with
either side : in gram., neither masculine nor
feminine: in hot., without stamens or pistils:
in sool., without sex.n. one taking no part in
a contest : in hot., a plant having neither stamens
nor pistils : in zool., a sexless animal, csp. the
working bee. [L.ne, not, uter, either.]
neutral, nfi'tral, adj., being neuter, indifferent :
neither very good nor very bad.n. a person or
nation that takes no part in a contest.adv.
nen'trally., neutrality. [L. neutratisneuter:]
neutralise, nfl'tral-Tz, v.t., to render neutral or
indifferent :pr.p. neutralising ; pa.p. neu'tral-
Ised.ns. neu'trallaer, neutraliia'tlon.
Never, ncVer, adv., not ever; at no time ; in no
degree ; not [A.S. tue/re, nefrene, not, and
ayre, ever.]
nevertheless, nev-er-Me-lcs', adv., never or not the
less; notwithstanding; in spite of that.
New, nQ, adj. lately made ; having happened lately ;
recent ; not before seen or known ; strange ; re
cently commenced: not of an ancient family;
modern ; as at first ; unaccustomed ; fresh from
anything : uncultivated or recently cultivated.
adv. newly.n. neVnesa. [A. S. niwe ; old Ger.
niwi; Ger. new, Goth, niujo ; L. nevus; Gr.
neos ; Sans, nava.]
newfangled, nu-fang'gld, adj., Jangled or made
new ; marked by the affectation of novelty ; de
siring new things.n. newfangledness. [New,
and obs. Fugled, of uncertain derivation.]
new-fashioned, nu-fash'und, adj., newlyfashioned;
lately come into fashion.
newiih, nu'ish, adj., somewhat new; nearly new.
New-year's-day, nQ'-ygrs-da, n. the first day of the
newyear, [New, Tear, and Day.]
news, nQz, n.sing.t something new; recent account ;
fresh information of something that has just
happened ; intelligence.
news-boy, nflz'-boy^ newt-man, nuz'-man, n., a boy
or man who delivers or sells /tmrpapers.
newsmonger, nuz'mung-gcx, n., one who deals in
news; one who spends much time in hearing and
telling news. [News, and Monger.]
newspaper, nflz'pa-per, n. a Paper for circulating
news, &c.
fate, far ; me, her ; mine ;
Ma
Nieoe
news-room, nur/-r)5Sm, n. a room for the reading of
Mcrwxpapers, magazines, &c.
news-vender, nuz'-vend-er, . a vender or seller of
wrtujpapers.
Newel, nu'el, . in arch., the upright post about
which the steps of a circular staircase wind. [Fr.
noyau, stone of fruit ; old Fr. nualL. nucalis,
like a nutnux, nucis, a nut.]
Newt, nut, n. a genus of animals of the frog tribe,
like small lizards, [contr. from an ewt, old .
ewt, A.S. efete.]
Newtonian, nQ-tO'ni-an, adj. relating to, formed,
or discovered by, Sir Isaac Newton, the cele
brated philosopher, 16421727.
Next, nekst, adj. (superL of Nigh), nearest.adv.
nearest or immediately after. [A.S. nexst, nyhst,
super!, of neah, near; old Ger. nahest; Ger.
ndc/ist.] Sec Near.
Nib, nib, n. something small and pointed ; a point.
adj. nibbed', having a nib. [same as Neb.J
nibble, nib'l, v.t.. to bite by small nips; to eat
by little at a time.v.i. to bite ; to find fault !
pr.p. nibbling ; Pa.p. nibbled.n. nibb'ler.
Nice, nTs, adj. lit. ignorant, foolish : foolishly
particular ; hard to please ; fastidious : refined ;
requiring refinement of apprehension or delicacy
of treatment: distinguishing minutely; exact:
pleasing to the senses ; delicate ; dainty : agree
able ; delightful, [old Fr. nice, foolish, simple :
L. ncscius, ignorantne, not, and scio, to know.]
nicety, nis'e-ti, n., quality of being nice; delicate
management ; exactness of treatment : delicacy
of perception ; fastidiousness : that which is deli
cate to the taste ; a delicacy.
Niche, nich, n. a shell-like recess in a wall, for a
statue, &c. [Fr. ; It. nicchianicchiot oyster
L. mytilus, mitvlus, a sea-muscle.]
niched, nicht, adj., placed in a niche.
Nick, nik, ., a notch cut into something; a score
for keeping an account.v.t., to cut in notches:
Pr.p. nick'ing; pa.p. nicked'. [It. nicchia;
nocchia, nocca, notch or knuckle ; Ger. knick, a
crack, breach.]
Nick, nik, v.t. lit. to do a thing at the proper -wink
or instant ; to strike at the precise time ; to
gain an advantage over :pr.p. nick'ing ; Pa.p.
nicked'.n. a fortunate conjuncture ; the exact
time. [Ger. knick, a crack, nicken, to wink.]
Nickel, nik'el, . a grayish-white metal, very mal
leable and ductile. [Sw. and Ger. ; from Sw.
koppamickel, Ger. kupfernickel, copper of Nick
or Nicholas, because it was thought to be a base
ore of copper.]
Nickknack, same as Enlckknack.
Nickname, nik'nam, ., a surname; a name given
in contempt, or sportive familiarity.v.t. to give
a nickname to. [old E. neke-name, eke-name,
surname ; Ger. ekelname; perh. from Ger. necken,
to tease, and Name. ]
Nldincatlon, nid-i-fi-ka'shun, ., the act ofbuilding
a nest, and the hatching and rearing of the
young. [L. nidus, a nest, andfacio, to make.]
Nicotian, ni-k(J'shi-an, adj. pertaining to tobacco,
iromNicot, who introduced it into trance in 1560.
Nicotine, nik o-tin{ n. a poisonous liquid forming
the active principle of the tobacco plant.
Niece, ns, n. (fern, of Nephew) the daughter of a
brother or sister. [Fr. nilce ; L. neptis, a grand
daughter, niece, from nepos, nepotis, a nephew.]
mote ; mate ; mOOn ; Men.
 Niggard
Niggard, nig'ard, one who scrapes up money;
a miser. [Ice. hnJggr, sparing, economical ; Ger.
kmcker. Ice. nyggia, Sw. njugga, to scrape.]
niggard, mg'ard, niggardly, nig'ard-Ii, adj., having
the qualities of a niggard; extremely sparing
of expense; miserly.adv. with cautious parsi
mony; sparingly.n. niggardliness.
High, nl, adj., near; not distant; not remote in
time, &c. ; close.adv. near ; almost.prep.,
near to; not distant from. [A.S. neah, nek;
Ice. na; Ger. nahe ; Goth. nekvJ] Sec Near.
Night, nit, n. the time from sunset to sunrise ;
darkness : intellectual and moral darkness ; a
state of adversity; death. [A.S. niht; Ger.
nackt; Goth, nakts; L. nox, noctis; Gr. nux,
nuktos; Sans, nakla.]
nightcap, nlr/kap, n. a cap worn at night in bed-
so night drew, nlght'gown, night'shirt.
nightfall, nlt'fawl, n.t the /all or beginning cf the
night.
nightingale, n"t'in-gal, n. a small bird celebrated
for its singing at night. [A.S. nihtgaleniht,
night, ana galan, to sing ; old Ger. nahtagala ;
Ger. nachttgall.]
night-Jar, nlt'-jar, nighi-eharr, nlt'-chur, n. the goat
sucker, so called from its coming out at night
and itsjarring noise.
nightlesa, n7t'les, adj. , having no night.
nightly, nlr/li, adj., done by night; done every
night.adv., by night; every night.
nightmare, nTr/mar, n. lit. the spectre of the night ;
a dreadful dream accompanied with pressure on
the breast, and a feeling^ of powerlessness of
motion, speech, or respiration, [prov. Ger. nackt-
marGcT. nacht, night, and mahr, Ice., Goth.
mam, the spectre of the night.]
night-piece, nlt'-pSs, n. a piece of painting repre
senting a night scene : a painting to be seen
best by candle-light.
nightshade, nlt'shao, n. a name of several plants
having narcotic properties, often found in damp
shady woods. [Night, and Shade.]
night-walker, nlt'-wawk-er, n., one who walks in
his sleep at nigkt; one who walks about at
night for bad purposes.
nlghtward, nlr/ward, adj., toward night.
nlghtwatch, nlt'woch, n., a watch or guard at
nigkt; time of watch in the night*
Nigrescent, nl-gres'ent, adj. , growing black or
dark ; approaching to blackness. [L. nigrtscens,
pr.p. of nigresco, to grow blackniger, black.]
Nimble, nim'bl, adj. lit. quick at taking; light and
quick in motion ; active ; swift.adv. tdm'bly.
n. nim'bleneii. [A.S. numol, capable, catching,
from niman, to take ; Ice. ndtnr, Dan. nem,
quick of apprehension, handy.]
Nimbus, nim'bus, n., the rain-cloud; in paint., the
circle ofrays round the heads of saints, &c [L.]
Nine, ntn, adj. and n. eight and one. [A.S. nigon;
Goth, niun ; L. novem ; Gr. ennea; Sans, navan.]
' ninefold, nJn'Md, adj.,nine timesfoldedor repeated.
nine-holes, nin ':.'!/, n. a game in which a bajl is
to be bowled into nine holes in the ground.
ninepins, nln'pinz, n. skittles, so called from nine
pins being used. 1 [See Skittles.]
nineteen, nin'ten, adj. and n., nine and ten. [A.S.
nigontynenigon, nine, tyn, ten.]
nineteenth, nln'tenth, adj., the ninth after the
tenth ; being one of nineteen equal parts.. a
nineteenth part. [A.S. nigonteothanigon, nine,
teotha, tenth.]
Cite, far ; m, her ; mine ;
nocturnal
ninety, nTn'ti, adj. and n., nine tens or nine times
ten. [A.S. nigon, nine, and tig, ten.]
ninetieth, nin'ti-eth, adj. the last of ninety; next
after the eighty-ninth.n. a ninetieth part.
ninth, ninth, adj. the last of nine; next after the
8th.n. one of nine equal parts. [A.S. nigotka.]
ninthly, ninth li, adv., in the ninthplace.
Ninny, nin/i, n. lit. a child; a fool ; a simpleton.
[Sp. nino, an infant, from the unmeaning word
nina, used as a lullaby : or a contraction of nin
compoop, a corruption of L. non compos {mentis),
not of sound mind.]
Nip, nip, v.t. lit. to snap the fingers; to pinch;
to cut off the edge: to check the growth or
vigour of; to destroy '.pr.p. nipp'ing; Pa.f.
nipped'.. a pinch ; a seizing or closing in
upon ; a cutting off the end : a blast ; destruc
tion by frost.adv. nlpp'ingly. [Ger. kneipen ;
old Ger. hnyppen, nippen, to snap the fingers.]
nipper, nip'er, n.. ke or that wkick nips; one of the
4 fore-teeth of a horse :in //. small pincers.
Nipple, nipl, n. lit. a little nib; the pap by which
milk is drawn from the breasts of females ; a
teat ; a small projection with an orifice, as the
nipple of a gun, on which the cap is placed. U
dim. of Neb or Nib.]
Nit, nit, n. the egg of a louse or other small insect.
adj. nitt y, full of nits. [A.S. knitu; Ice. nyt,
nit; Ger. nisz; Gr. konis, konidos.]
Nitre, nfter, n. the nitrate of potash, also called
saltpetre. [Fr. ; L. nitrum, Gr. nitron, natron,
potash, soda.]
nitrate, nT'tnSt, n. asalt ofnitricacid.o^r'.nl'trated,
combined with nitric acid. [Fr. ; L. nitratus.)
nitric, nftrik, nitrons, nl'trus, adj., pertaining to,
containing, or resembling nitre.
nitrify, nl'tn-fl, v.t., to convert into nitre.v.t. to
become nitre :pr.p. nl'trifying ; Pa.p. nftrifled.
n. nitrlnca'tlon. [L. nitrum, asidfacio, tomake.]
nitrite, nl'trit, n. a salt of nitrous acid.
nitrogen, nl'tro-jen, n. lit. that wkick generates
nitre; a gas forming nearly four-fifths of com
mon air, so called from its being an essential
constituent of nitre.adj. nitrogenous. [Gr.
nitron, and gennaS, to generate.]
nltry, nftri, adj., oforproducing nitre.
No, no, adj., not any ; not one ; none.adv. the
word of refusal or denial. [A.S. na; old Ger.
ni; Goth, nii, Sans, na.]
Noacbian, nO-alri-an, adj., pertaining to Noah the
patriarch, or to his time.
Noble, nO'bl, adj., well-known ; illustrious : exalted
in rank ; magnificent : ingenuous ; generous ;
excellent.n. a person of exalted rank ; a peer :
an obs. gold coin = 6s. 8d. sterling.adv. no"bly.
[Fr.L. nobilts, obs. gnobilisnosco, gnosco, to
know.]
nobility, no-bill-d, n., tke quality ofbeing nolle ;
rank ; dignity; excellence ; greatness : antiquity of
family ; descent from noble ancestors : the peerage,
nobleman, nO'bl-man, n., a man wko is noble or of
rank ; a peer ; one above a commoner,
nobleness, nCbl-nes, ., tke quality ofbeing noble;
dignity ; greatness ; ingenuousness ; worth.
Nobody, nu'bod-i, n., no body orperson ; no one.
Nocturn, nok'turn, *. a religious service at nigkt.
[L. nocturnusnox, noctis, night.]
nocturnal, nok-tur'nal, adj., pertaining to nigkt;
happening by night ; nightly.n. an instrument
for observations in the night.adv. noctor'nally.
mtSte ; mCte ; ooTJn ; then.
 Nod
Mod, nod, v.t., to incline in any direction ; to move
the head ; to bend downwards quickly ; to
beckon forward with a nod: to totter: to be
drowsy.v.t. to incline ; to signify by a nod ; to
shake : nodd'ing ; Pa.p. nodd'ed.n. a
bending forward of the head quickly ; a slight
bow : a command. [L. nuo, Gr. neuS, to incline
in any direction.]
nodding, noding, adj., inclining the head quickly ;
indicating by a nod.
Rode, nOd, the thing knotted or fastened to
gether; a knob: in astr., the two points at
which the orbit of a planet intersects the ecliptic :
in bet., the joint of a stem: the plot of a piece in
tooetry. [L. nodus, allied to Knot.}
nodal, nod al, adj., pertaining to nodes.
nodsted, nOd-At'ed, adj., knotted.
noddle, nod'l, n. properly, the projectingpart at the
back of the head; the head. [Ice. hnod, the
round head of a nail ; Dutch, knod; Dan. knude,
a knob ; L. nodus.]
noddy, nod'i, n. one whose head nods from weak
ness ; a stupid fellow : a &ea-fowl, so called
from the stupidity with which it allows itself to
be taken.
nodosa, nOd'Cs, adj.,full ofknots; having knots or
swelling joints ; knotty,
nodula, nod ul, n., a little knot; a small lump.
Noggin, nog'in, n. a small mug or wooden cup. [Ir.
noigin ; Gael, noigean.]
NoIm, noiz, n., that which annoys or ir hurtful;
quarrel; stir; sound of any kind; din: frequent
or public talk.v.t. to spread by rumour.v.t.
to sound loud ;6r.p. noising ; Pa.p. noised'.
[Fr. noise, quarrel ; L. nojca, that which hurts
noceo, to hurt,]
noiseless, noiz'lcs, adj., without noise; silent.adv.
nolae'lesaly.n, nolae'leatness.
noisome, noi'sum, adj., injurious to health: dis
gusting.adv. noi'somaly.n. noi'somcnesa.
noisy, nolz'i, adj. , making a loud noise or sound ;
clamorous; turbulent.adv.nolM'Uy.n nois loess.
Nomad, Nomade, nefmad or nO-mad', n. one of a
tribe that wanders about in quest of game, or of
pasture. [Gr. nomas, nomadosnomas, pas
turenemd, to deal out, to drive to pasture.]
nomadic, no-mad'ik, adj.t ofor for the feeding of
cattle ; pastoral ; pertaining to the life ofnomads :
rude.adv. nomad'lcaUy.
Komenclator, nO'men-kli-tor, n., one who gives
names to things. -yiw. nomenclatress. [L.
nomen, name, and calo, Gr. kald, to call.]
nomenclature, n0'men-kl4-tflr, n.,a calling by name;
a list of names ; the peculiar terms of a science.
Nominal, nom'in-al, adj., pertaining to a name;
existing only in name; having a name.adv.
nominally. [L. nominalisnomen, -inis, name.]
nominate, nom'in-at, v.t., to name; to appoint; to
propose by name :pr.p. nominating ; pa.p.
nominated. [L. nomine, odum, to name
nomen.]
nomination, nom-in-3'shun, n., tke act or power of
nominating; state of being nominated.
nominative, nom'in-a-tiv, adj., naming: in gram.,
applied to the ease ofthe subject.n. the naming
case, the case of the subject.
nominator, nom'in-at-or, n., one who nominates.
nominee, nom-in-5', n., one nominated by another:
one on whose life depends an annuity or lease :
one to whom the holder of a copyhold estate
surrenders his interest.
fate, far ; me, her ; mine ;
Noon
Hon, nan, adv., not, a Latin word used as a prefix,
as in non-appear'ance, non-atteod'ance, non-com-
pll'ance.
Nonage, non'aj, n, the state of being not ofage; the
timeoflife before a person becomes legally ofage ;
minority.adj. non aged. [L. non, not, and Age.]
Nonagenarian, non-a-je-na'ri-an, n. one ninety years
old. [L. nonagemarius, containing ninetynon-
aginta, ninetynovem, nine.]
Noncommissioned, non-kom-mish'und, adj., not
commissioned or having a commission, as an
officer in the army or navy.
Nonconductor, non-kon-dukt/or, n, a substance
which does not conduct or transmit another
substance or fluid.
Nonconforming, non-kon-forming, adj., not con
forming, especially to an established church.
nonconformist, non-kon-form'ist, n., on* who does
not conform ; especially one who refused to con
form to the established church at the restoration
of Charles II.
nonconformity, non-kon-forml-ti, n., want of con
formity, esp. to the established church.
Non-content, non-kon-tenr/, . one not content; in
House of Lords, one giving a negative vote.
Nondescript, non'dfi-skript, adj., not yet described;
novel : odd-n. anything not yet described or
classed ; a person or thing not easily described
or classed. [L. non, not, and descriptus, de
scribed. See Describe ]
None, nun, adj. and pron., not one; not any; not
the smallest part. [A. S. nanne, not, and an,onc]
Nonentity, non-en'ti-ti, ., want ofentity or being ;
a thing not existing.
Nones, nOnz, n.sing. in the Roman calendar, the
ninth day before the idesthe 5th of Jan., Feb.,
April, June, Aug., Sept., Nov., Dec, and the
7U1 of the other months : in R. C. Church a
season of prayer observed at noon. [L. nance
nanus for novenus, ninthnovem, nine.]
Nonesuch, nun'such, n. a thing like which there is
none suck; an extraordinary thing.
Nonjnrlng, non-jdcVing, adj., not swearing alle
giance. [L. non, not, andjuro, to swear.]
nonjuror, non-jCOr'or or non'jOor-or, n. one wh
would not swear allegiance to the government of
England at the Revolution of 1688.
Nonpareil, nun-pa-rel', n., a person or tkingwitkont
an equal; unequalled excellence : a rich kind of
apple : a small printing type.adj. without an
equal; matchless. (Fr.non, not, and pareU,
equallow L. pariculus, dim. ofpar, equal]
Nonplus, non'plus, n. a srate in which no more can
be done or said : great difficulty.v.t. to throw
into complete perplexity; tp puule :pr.p. oon'-
plussing ; pap. non plussed. [L. non, not, and
plus, more.]
Nonsense, non'sens, n. that which has no sense;
language without meaning ; absurdity : trifles.
[L. non, not, and Sense.]
nonsensical, non-sens'ik-al, adj., without sense ; ab
surd. adv. nonsensically. n, nonsens'lesiness.
Nonsuit, non'sflt, a withdrawal of a suit at
law, either voluntarily or by the judgment of
the court.v.t. to record that a plaintiff drops
his suit. [L. non, not, and Suit.]
Nook., nook, n., a comer; a narrow place formed
by an angle: a recess; a secluded retreat, [Scot.
neuk, Gael., Ir. nine]
Noon, nOOn, n. orig. the ninth hour of the day, or
three o'clock in the afternoon, when the Romans
mOte; mute ; mouii ; Men.
 #
noonday notion
took their chief meal : mid-day ; twelve o'clock : [old E. nosethril, A. S. nasthyrlNoea, and thyrl,
middle ; height.adj. belonging to mid-day ; a hole, Gcr. thtlrle, dim. of tk&r, Gr. thura, a
meridional. [A.S. non; Dutch, noen; Scot. door.]
noneL. nana {hard), the ninth (hour).]
soonday, noTJn'da, n., the noon of the day; mid* Nosology, nos-ol'o-ji, n., the science ofdiseases; the
branch of medicine which treats of the classifi
day.adj. pertaining to mid-day ; meridional,
noontide, nCOn'tTd, n., the tide or time ofnoon ; mid- loa/icaln.nomenclature
cation and of diseases.adj. noso-
nosol'oglst. [Gr. nosas, a disease,
fay.adj. pertaining to noon ; meridional. and logos, a discourse, an account.]
Noose, nixJs or no*5z, . a running knot which tics Nostrum, nos'trum, n. lit. our own ; a medicine, the
the firmer the closer it is drawn.v.t. to tie or composition of which is kept secret; a quack or
catch in a noose :pr.p. nOos'ing ; fa.P. nCOscd'. patent
[Ir. nas, a band, tie, naegaimt X be, I bind ; L. Not, not, medicine. [L., from nos, we.]
adv. a word expressing denial, negation,
nodus, a knot.] or refusal. [A.S. nate, Ger. nicht, from nega
ITor, nor, conj. a particle marking the second or tive particle ne, and A.S. wiht, a whit.]
subsequent part of a negative proposition :cor Notability,
relative to neither or not. [A.S. ne, not, and Or.] Notch, noch,Notable, &c See under Note.
Normal, normal, adj., according to rule ; regular ; tation.v.t.n.ttoa nick cut in anything ; an inden
analogical; perpendicular.. a perpendicular. ing ; Pa.p. notched', a [old cut hollow into '.-Pr.p. notch'-
adv. nor mail;-. [L. normalisnorma, a rule.] to crack. See Nick.] E. nock, Ger. knicken,
Norman, nor'mnn. n. lit. a north man ; a native or Note, nOt, ., that by which a person or thing is
inhabitant of Normandy.adj. pertaining to the known ; a mark or sign : a brief explanation ; a
Normans or to Normandy.
Norse, nors, adj. pertaining to ancient Scandinavia. short remark : a memorandum ; a short letter ;
n. the language of ancient Scandinavia, [old aingdiplomatic a
paper : in music, a mark represent
sound, also the sound itself: a paper
Fr. norvis, Norwegian, from the name of the acknowledging a debt and promising payment :
people Norvegr.] observation : reputation; fame.v.t. to make a
North, north, n. the point opposite the sun at noon ; note
one of the four cardinal points of the horizon. writing; to furnish; with
of; to notice to attend to ; to record in
notes:/r./. noting;
[A.S. north; Ice. nordhr; Fr. nord.] pa.p. nOt'ed. [L. notat from gruz, root of nosco,
north-cut, north-est', >-. the point between the noturn, to know.]
north and east, equidistant from each.adj. be notable, nOta-bl, adj., worthy of being known or
longing to or from the north-cast, noted; remarkable; memorable; distinguished;
north easterly, north-e'st'er-li, adj. toward or coming notorious. n. a person or thing worthy of note.
from the north-east.
north-eastern, north-esr'ern, adj., belonging to the notability,not'ably.n.
adv.
nOt-a-bU'i-ti,
nofableness.
n., quality or state ofbeing
north-east ; being in the north-east, or in that notable : a notable person or thing.
direction. notary, nOtar-i, n. in ancient Rome, one who took
north-eastward, nortli-est'ward, adv., towards the notes, a short-hand writer ; an officer who certi
north-east.
northerly, norM'er-li, adj., being toward the north ; adj. notarial.adv. nota'rfally. [L. notarius.]
fies deeds or other writings.
from the north.adv. toward or from the north.
northern, norM'cra, adj., pertaining to the north ; notation, nO-ta'shun, n., a noting or marking; the
being in the north or in the direction towards it. act bols;
or practice of recording by marks or sym
a system of signs or symbols. [L. notatio
n. an inhabitant of the north. note, notatum, to mark.]
northernmost, nor/A'ern-mfist, northmost, noruY- noted, nOt'ed, adj., marked; well known; cele
mOst, adj. situate at the pointfurthest north. brated ; eminent ; notorious.adv. not edly.
north-star, north'-star, n. the north polar star.
northward, north'ward, northwardly, north'wnrd-lt, noter, noter, . , adj.,
noteless, nCt'lcs, not attracting notice.
adj., being toward the north.adv. (also north'- one who makesone who takes note or observes ;
notes, an annotator.
wards) toward the north.
north-west, north-west', if. the point between the noteworthy, notice.
nOt'wur-Mi, adj., worthy of note or
north and west, equidistant from each.adj. notice, nfltls, n\ lit the state of being known;
pertaining to or from the north-west.
north-westerly, north-west'er-Ii, adj., toward or act ofnoting; attention; observation; informa
tion; warning; a writing containing informa
from the north-west. tion; remark.v.t. to mark or see: to regard
north-western, north-west/ern, adj., pertaining to or attend to ; to mention, or make observations
or being in the north-west or in that direction. upon; to treat with civility:^-./: noticing;
Norwegian. nor-wS'ji-an, adj. , pertaining to Nor Pa.P. noticed. [Fr. ; L. notitianosco, noturn,
way.n. a native of Norway. to know.]
Nose, n(5z, /:. the organ of smell ; the power of noticeable, nOt'is-abl, adj., able to be noticed;
smelling: sagacity.v.t. to smell: to oppose worthy of observation.adv. noflceably.
rudely to the face : to sound through the nose : notify, nOt'i-fl, v.t., to make known; to declare;
pr.p. nOVing ; pa.p. nOsed'. [A.S. narse. Ice. to give notice or information of:Pr.p. notify
noe, Ger. nose, L. nasus, Sans. ndsA, prob. from ing ; Pa.p. notified. [L. notifico, -atumnotus,
an imitation of sounds made through the nose.] known, andfacio, to make.]
nose-bag, nGr'-bag, n. a bag for a horse's nose, con notification, nflt-i-fi-ka'shun, n., the act of notify
taining oats, &c. [Nose, and Bag.] ing; the notice given; the paper containing the
nosegay, nSz'g, n. a bunch of {gay} flowers for re notice.
galing the nose or sense of smelling ; a bouquet. notion, nO'shun, n. lit. a becoming acquainted; a
noseless, nt>z les, >., without a nose. conception ; opinion ; belief; judgment [L. notio
nostril, nos'tril, n., one of the holes of the nose. nosco, notum, to know.]
late, far ; me, her ; mine ; mute ; mute ; raOOn ; then.
 notional
notional, n8'shim-al, adj., ofthe nature ofa notion;
ideal ; fanciful.
notorious, no-tO ri-us, adj. publicly known (now
used in a bad sense) ; infamous.adv. noto
riously.n. noto'riounesB, [low L. notorius
noto, nolatum, to marknosco.}
notoriety, not-o-rfe-ti, or nO-, n., state of being
notorious ; publicity ; public exposure.
Hothing, nuthlng, or noth', n., no thing: non
existence; absence ofbeing ; no part, or degree ;
a low condition ; no value or use ; not anything
of importance; utter insignificance; no magni
tude ; a cipher, adv. in no degree ; not at all.
n. noth'lngneis.
Notice, Notion, Notorious, &c See under Not*.
Notwithstanding, not-with-standlng, conj. andPrep.
(this) not standing against or opposing ; never
theless; however. [Not, and Withstanding.]
Nought, nawt, n., not anything; nothing.adv.
in no degree, [same as Naught.]Set at nought,
to despise.
Noun, noun, n, in gram., the name of anything.
. [Fr. nom, L. nomen. See Name.]
Nourish, nurlsh, v.t., to suckle ; to feed or bring
up; to support: to encourage; to cherish; to
educate :/r./. nourishing; Pa,p. nourished.
n. ttour'laher. [Fr. nourrir, L. nutria.]
nonrlshable, nurlsh-abl, adj., able to be nourished.
nourishment, nurlsh-mcnt, ., the act of nourish
ing or the state of being nourished ; that which
nourishes ; food ; nutriment.
Novel, noVel, adj., new; unusual; strange.n.
that which is new ; a fictitious tale. [L. novellus
novits, new. See New.]
novelist, nov'el-ist, n. orig. an introducer of new
things : a novel-writer.
novelty, nov'el-ti, n., newness; anything new or
strange.
novice, novls, one new in anything ; a beginner ;
one newly received into the church ; an inmate
of a convent or nunnery who has not yet taken
the vow. [Fr. ; L. novitiusnavus, new.]
novitiate, nO-vtsh'i-a't, n.t the state or condition of
being a novice ; the period of being a novice ; a
novice, [low L. novitiatus.]
November, nO-vem'ber, n. the ninth month of the
Roman year ; the eleventh month of our year.
[L. from novem, nine.]
novennial, n(J-ven'yal, adj. done every ninth year.
[L, novennisnovem, nine, annus, a year.]
New, now, adv. at the present time; at this time
or a little before.conj. but ; after this ; things
being; so.n. the present time.Nownow, at
one time, at another time. [A.S., Ice., old Ger.,
Goth, nu, Ger. nun, L. nunc, Gr. nun.]
nowadays, nowa-daz, adv., in days now present.
Noway, nowa, Noways, nO'wax, adv., in no way,
manner, or degree.
Nowhere, ntJliwar, adv., in no where or place.
Nowise, nO'wTz, adv., in no way or degree.
Noxious, nok'shus, adj., hurtful; unwholesome;
unhealthy; producing evil or injury; destruc
tive ; poisonous.adv. nox'louily.n. noxious
ness. [L. noxiusnoxa, hurtnoceo, to hurt.]
Nozsle, nozl, ., a little nose; the snout; the
extremity of anything, (dim. of Note.]
Nucleus, nu'klC-us, n. lit. the kernel ofa nut; the
central mass round which matter gathers : in
aslr., the head of a comet. [L., from nux,
nucis, a nut.]
fate, far; mc% her; mine;
344
numismatics
Radge, nuj. n. a gentle push.v.t. to push gently:
fr.p. nudging ; Pa.p. nudged', [prob. from
prov. Ger. kn&tschen, to squeeze.]
Nude, nud, adj., naked; bare ; void.adv. nudely.
{L. nudus. See Naked.]
nudity, nudl-ti, n., nakednessIin pi. naked
parts ; figures divested of drapery.
Nugatory, nQ'ga-tor-i, adj., trifling; vain; insig
nificant ; of no power ; ineffectual. [L. nuga-
tortusnugat, jokes, trifles.]
Nugget, nug'et, n. a lump or mass, as of a metal,
[a corruption of bigot.]
Nuisance, nQ'sans, ., that which annoys or hurts;
that which troubles ; that which is offensive,
[old Fr., from L. noceo, to hurt.]
Noll, nul, adj., of no force ; void; invalid. fL.
nullus, not any, from ne, not, and ullus, any.]
nullify, nul'i-fl, v.t., to make null; to annul; to
render void :pr.p. nullifying ; pa.p. nullified.
n. nulliflca tion. [L. nullijico, -at urnnullus,
andfaciOj to make.]
nullity, nulVti, ., the state ofbeing null or void ;
nothingness; want ofexistence, force, or efficacy.
Numb, num, adj., deprived of sensation or motion ;
stupified; motionless.v.t. to make numb; to
deaden ; to render motionless :pr.p. numbing;
(numlng) ; Pa.p. numbed, (numd').n. numb
ness. [A.S. ; Goth, niman (pa.p. numen), Ice.
nema, to take away, to deprive.]
Number, num'ber, n. lit that which is distributed;
a collection of things ; a unit in counting : more
than one: sounds distributed into harmonies;
metre, verse, esp. in pi. : in gram. , the difference
in words to express singular or plural.pi. the
4th book of the Old Test, from its having the
numbersofthe Israelites.v.t. to count: to reckon
asoneof a multitude: to mark with a number : to
amount to :pr-p. num'bering ;pa.p. num'bexed.
n. num'Wer. [Fr. nombre, old Fr. numbre,
II numeroL, numerus, akin to Gr. nomas,
that which is distributednemS, to distribute.]
numberless, num'ber-Ies, adj., without number;
more than can be counted.
numerable, nQ'mfir-abl, adj., that may be numbered
or counted, adv. numerably.ns. numerable-
nesa, numerabU'ity. [L. numerabilis.]
numeral, nQ'mer-al, adj., pertaining to or consist
ing of number.. a figure used to express a
number, as i, a, 3,&c. [L. numeralisHumerus.]
numeraUy, nfl'mer-al-li, adv., according to number,
numerary, nu'mer-ar-i, adj., belonging to a certain
number. [Fr. numerairelow L. numerarius.]
numerate, nfl'mcr-it, v.t. orig. to enumerate, to>
number; to point off and read, as figures '.fr.p.
nu'merating ; Pa.p. nu merated.
numeration, nu-mex-il'shun, ., act of numbering;
the art of reading numbers.
numerator, nfl'mer-5-tor, n. , one who numbers ; the
upper number of a vulgar fraction, which ex
presses the number of fractional parts taken.
numeric, nu-merlk, numerical, nO-merlk-al, adj.,
belonging to, or consisting in number; the same
both in number and kind.adv. numerically.
numerous, nu'mer-us, adj. , ofagreat number; being
many.adv. numerously.. numerousneo.
Numismatic, nu-mis-matlk, adj., pertaining fa
money, coins, or medals. [L. numisma, Gr.
nomisma, coin of a state fixed by lawnomisS,
to establish by lawnomos, a law.]
numismatics, nQ-mis-mat'iks, n.sing., the science of
coins and medals.
mCte ; mute ; mCOn j then.
 numismatology oared
frimixmatology, nQ-mis-ma-tol'o-ji, the science of musguetle), Fr. noix muscade, low L. nux must-
coins and medals in relation to history. [L. nu- cataL. muscus, musk.]
misma, Gr. nomisma, and logos, science.].
Itoreglst, one versed in numismatology. Nutant, nQ'tant, adj., nodding: in bot., having the
BwnmnUtc, num'Q-IIt, . in geol., a fossil shell top bent downward. [L. nutans, nutantis, pr.p.
oinuto, inten. o(nuo, to nod.]
resembling a coin. [L. Hummus, a coin, and nutation, nfl-ta'shun, n., a nodding: in astr., a
Gr. lithos, a stone.] periodical vibratory motion of the earth's axis :
Hun, nun, *. lit an elderly lady; in R. C Church, in bot., the turning of flowers towards the sun.
a female who devotes herself to celibacy and
seclusion: in zoo/., a kind of pigeon with the Nutria, nQ'tri-a, n. lit. an otter; the fur of the
Coypu, a kind of beaver, in S. America. [Sp.
feathers on its head like the hood ofa nun. [A.S. nutria, nutraGr. enudris, an otter.]
nunne, Fr. nonneIt. nonna, a grandmother, Nutrient, nfl'tri-ent, adj., nourishing.n. anything,
nuns being orig. elderly women.] nourishing, [h. nutriens, -entispr.p. of nutrio,
nunnery, nun'er-i, n.t a housefor nuns. to nourish.]
Hondo, nun'shi-o, n. lit a messenger; an ambas nutriment, nQ'tri-ment, ., that which nourishes;
sador from the Pope to an emperor or king. [Sp. food. [L. nutrimentumnutrio, to nourish.]
nuncioL. nuncius, a messenger, one who brings nutrimental, nu-tri-mental, adj.} having the quality
news ; prob. from novi-venttus, newly come ofnutriment or food ; nutritious.
novus, new, and venio, ventum, to come.] nutrition, nfl-trish'un, act of nourishing; pro
nunciature, nun'shi-a-tur, the office ofa nuncio. cess of promoting the growth of bodies, [low L.
Nuncupative, nun-kQ'pa-tiv or nun'ku-pS-tiv, Nun- nutritioL. nutrio.]
cupatory, nun-ku'pa-tor-i, adj., declaringpublicly nutritious, nQ-trish'us, adj., nourishing; promoting'
or solemnly: in law, verbal, not written. [It. growth.adv. nutritiously.n. Butrl'tlouauess.
nuncupative, nuncupatorioL. nuncupo, -aturn, nutritive, r.u tri-tiv, adj., nourishing.adv. nutri
to take a name for a thingnomen, name, capio, tively. n. nu'tritlveneu.
to take.] Nyctalopia, nik-ta-lo'pi-a, Hyctalopy, nik'ta-lfl-pi, .
Nunnery. See under Nun. lit seeingby night; a defect ofvision, on account
Nuptial, nup'shal, adj. , pertaining to marriage ; of which objects are seen only at night or in the
dusk. [Gr. nyktatipianyktalaps, seeing by
done at a marriage ; constituting marriage. night
n.pl. nup'ttals, marriage ; wedding ceremony, nyctalops,onlynyx, nyktos, night, dps, vision.]
[ii nufitialisnuptiar, marriagenubo, nuptum, lopy. ruVta-lops, ., one affected with nycta-
to veil, to marry.]
Nutm, nurs, . a woman who nourishes an infant ; Nylghau, nil'gaw, n. lit blue ox: in sool., a large-
a mother, while her infant is at the breast : one species of which
of antelope, in N. Hindustan, the males
are blue. [Hind, and Pers. nil-gaw
who has the care of infants or of the sick : in
hort., a shrub or tree which protects a young nil, blue, gaw, ox, cow.]
plant.v.t.Xo tend, as an infant, or a sick per Nymph, nimf, . lit. a bride; a maiden : in myth.,
son ; to bring up : to manage with care and one of the beautiful females inhabiting every
economy :/r./*. nurs'ing ; Pa.p. nursed', [old region of the earth and waters.adj. nymphllke.
E. nourse, nouriceFr. nourrice, L. nutrix [L. nympha, Gr. nymph/, prob. from L. nubo.
nutria, to suckle, to nourish.] to veil, from the bride being veiled when led
nursery, nurs'er-i, n. orig. the act ofnursing; place home to the bridegroom.]
for nursing ; an apartment for young children : nymph, nimf, nympha, nimf'a, n. the pupa or chrys
in hort., a piece of ground where plants are alis of an insect.//. nymphs* (nimf'e:).
reared ; a place where the growth of anything is nymphean, nim-f'an, adj., pertaining to or inha
promoted : that which educates. bited by nymphs.
nursing-father, nurs'ing-fa'Mer, n. in B., a foster- nymphlcal, nimTik-al, adj., pertaining to nymphs.
father.
nursling, nurs'ling, n., one who or that which is
nursed ; an infant. [Nurse, and dim. ling.)
nurture, nurt/Or, ., act of nursing or nourishing; 0, 8, int. an exclamationoof wonder, desire, pain,,
nourishment; education; instruction.:'./, to
nourish : to bring up ; to educate :Pr.p. nurr'- grief, &c
flring ; nurt'ured.n. nurturer. [old E. Oak, Ok, n. a tree of many species, the most famous
nouriture,Yx. nourriturettourrir, to nourish.] of which is the British oak, so valuable for its
timber. [A.S. <re, eac, Ice. eik, Ger. eiche.]
Hut, nut, n. lit a little knot or ball; the fruit of oak-apple,
certain trees, consisting of a kernel in a hard leaves ofOk'-ap-pl, w. a spongy substance on the
the oak, caused by insects, so called
shell ; a small block of metal for screwing on from its likeness to a small apple, called also
the end of a bolt.v.i. to gather nuts:pr.p. oak leaf gall.
nutt'ing ; Pa.p. nutt'ed. [A.S. hnut, Gael, cnuth, oaken, Ok'n, adj., consisting or made ofoak,
cno ; Ice. knot, a ball ; Ger. nuss, L. nux, a nut]
nut-brown, nut'-brown, adj., brown, like an old nut. oakling, Gk'ling, n., a young oak.
nutcracker, nutTcrak-er, n. an instrumentfor crack Oakum, Ok'um.n. lit. that which is combed, tow; okt
ing nuts: a bird in Europe and N. Asia, which ropes untwisted and teased into loose hemp for
feeds on nuts, berries, and insects. calking the seams ofships. [A.S. acumba, axemhar
nuthatch, nut'hach, n. orig. nut-hack, a small climb cemo, that which is combedcemban, tocomb.]
ing bird which feeds on nuts and insects, called Oar, Or, n. lit. that which ploughs the water; a
also nut Jobber, nut'pecksr. light pole with a flat end, for rowing boats.v.t.
nutmeg, nut'meg, n. lit. the musk-nut ; the nut of to impel by rowing.v.i. to row:pr.p. oaring;
an E. Indian tree, having an aromatic kernel, Pa.p. oared'. [A.S. arerian (root ar), toplough.]
[old E. notemuge, old Fr. noix nuguette (for oared, Ord, adj.,furnished with oars.
late, far ; me", her ; mine ; mote ; mute ; mOOn ; Men.
 oarsman Obscure
eartman, Orr'man, ., w who rows tvtU k ear. being exterior to the mind : in gram. , belonging
Onala, O'a-sis or O-a'sis, . a fertile spot in a sandy to the case of the objectn. in gram., the case
desert.//. Oases (oVsez). [L., Gr. ooru, Ar. of the object.adv. objectively.
objectlveasss, ob-jekt'iv-nes, objectivity, ob-jek-tiv'-
Oat, Ot Softener in pi Oata, flts), n. lit. ta/ which i-ti, n., state ofbeing objective.
may be eaten ; a grassy plant, the seeds of which Oblate, ob-lat', adj., carried out or widened for
are much used as food; its seeds. [A.S. ata, wards at the sides, like an orange.n. oblate'neaf.
oat, A.S. at, Ice. ata, foodA.S. elan, to eat.] [L. oblatus, pa.p. tAoJfero, to carry forward; to
oat'-cake, a thin broad cake made ofoat-meal. offerob, against, zndfero, to bring.]
oaten, or/n, adj., consistingofan oat stem or straw : oblation, ob-la shun, n., anything offered in wor
made of oatmeal. ship or sacred service ; an offering. [L. oblatio.}
oat-meal, oV-mel, h., meal made ofoats.
Oath, Oth, n. a solemn statement with an appeal to Oblige, O-bllj',Seev.t.,
Obligation. under Oblige.
to bind or constrain; to do a
God as witness, and a calling for his vengeance favour to '.Pr.p. Obllg'ing
in case of falsehood or failure, [old E. othe, A.S. obligo, obligatumob, and ;ligo, toObliged'. bind.]
[I*.
ath, Ger. Ice. ntfr.] obligation, ob-li-g&'shun, n., act of obliging; that
Obdurate, obMu-rSt, adj., hardened against; which binds ; any act which binds one to do some
rugged : hardened in heart or feelings ; stubborn.
adv. ob'dnrately.n, ob'durateneu. [L. obdur- thing for another ; state of being bound by a
atus, pa-p. o(obduro~ob, against, dura, to harden favour failure.
: in law, a bond containing a penalty on
dunts, hard.]
obduracy, ob'du-ras-i, state of being obdurate ; obligatory, obli-ga-tor-i, adj., binding; imposing
duty.adv. obligatorily.n. obligatoriness.
invincible hardness of heart. obligee, ob-h-j'~\ n. in law, the person to whom
Obedience, Obeisance, &c. See under Obey. another is obliged or bound.
Obelisk, ob'e-lisk, n. lit. a little dart; a tall, four- obliging, O-blTj'ing, adj., disposed to oblige or con
sided tapering pillar, cut off at the top like a flat fer favours.adv. obligingly.. obllg'ingnesa.
pyramid ; in prints a dagger (t). [Gr. obeliskos, obligor, ob-li-gor\ . in law, the person who binds
dim. ofobelos, belos, a dartballd, to throw.] himselfto another.
Obese, 0-beV, adj. lit that has eaten ; fat; fleshy. Oblique, ob-lek', adj., slanting; not perpendicular;
[L. obesusob, and edo, esum, to eat.] not parallel ; not straightforward ; obscure : in
obeseneu, O-beVnes, obesity, 0-bes'it-i, n.,fatness; geom., not a right angle: in gram., denoting
unhealthy fatness. any case except the nominative.adv. obliquely.
Obey, 0-b5', v.t. lit. to hear or listen to; to do as [Fr. ; L. obliquusob, and liquis, oblique.)
told ; to be ruled by : to yield to.v.i. in B., to obliqueness, ob-leVnes, obliquity, ob-ltkwi-ti,
yieldobedience (followed by to) :pr.p. Obeying; state of being oblique ; a slanting direction ;
pa.p. Obeyed'.n. obey'or. [Fr. ob/irL, obedio error or wrong ; irregularity.
ob, against, towards, audio, to hear.]
obedient, 0-b'di-ent, adj., obeying; willing to obey ; Obliterate, ob-Hrer-St, v.t. lit to smear; to blot
dutiful.adv. obe diently. [L. obediens, -cutis, out very
; to wear out ; to destroy ; to reduce to a
low state '.pr.p. obliterating ; fai.p. oblit
pr.p. of obedio.'] erated. [L. oblitero, -atumob, and lino, litumt
obediai.ce, O-be'di-ens, ., state of being obedient ; to besmear. ]
compliance with what is required ; dutifulness. obliteration, ob-lit-er-ashun, ., act ojrobliterating;
obeisance, O-ba'sans, ., obedience; a bow or act of a blotting or wearing out ; extinction.
reverence. [Fr. obiissanceobiissant, pr.p. of Oblivion, ob-liv'i-fln, . lit a blottingout by drawing
obeir, to obey.] a black mark through ; act of forgetting or state
beyinglv, o-ba ing-li, adv., obediently. of being forgotten ; remission of punishment
Obit, O bit or ob it, . lit a going to meet death ; [L. oblivio, oolivionisobliviscor, to forget, from
death; funeral solemnities; an anniversary ser
vice for the repose of a departed soul. [L. ob- oblivious,of lividus,
root black.]
ob-liv'i-us, adj., forgetful; causing for-
itusobeo, to ge to meetob, against, eo, to go.] getfulness.adv. obliviously.n. oblivlauenaea.
obltual. 0-bit'O-al, adj., pertaining to obits.
obituary, 0-bit'Q-ar-i, adj., relating to the death of Oblong, ob'long_, adj., long in one way ; longer than
broad.n, in geom., a rectangle longer than
a person. a register of deaths, orig. in a broad; any oblong figure. [L. ob, longus, long.]
monastery ; an account of a deceased person or Obloquy, oblo-kwi, n. lit a speaking against;
notice of his death. reproachful language ; censure ; calumny, [L.
Object, ob-jekr*, v.t. lit to throw in the way of; obloquiumob, against, and loquor, to speak.]
to ofTer in opposition ; to oppose.v.i. to oppose :
pr.p. objecting ; pa.p. objected.n. object or. Obnoxious, ob-nok'shus, adj., liable to hurt or
[L. objetto, from objicio, -jectumob, in the way punishment ; blameworthy : offensive : subject ;
of, and jacio, to throw. J answerable.ativ. obnox iously. n. obnoxlous-
object, ol/jekt, n. lit anything thrown in the way nees. [L. obnoxiusob, before, and noxa, hurt]
of one; anything set before the mind: that See Noxious.
which is sought for ; end ; motive
erfiich follows a transitive verb. : in gram., that Oboe. See Hautboy.
Obscene, ob-sen', adj lit that should be concealed;
object-glass, ot/jekt-glas, n. the glass at the end of offensive to chastity ; unchaste ; disgusting.
a telescope or microscope next the object.
objection, ob-jek shun, ., act ofobjecting; anything adv. obscenely. [L. obseenus ; prob. akin lo Sans.
sku, to cover.]
in opposition ; argument against. obeceoeneu, ob-sen'nes, obscenity, ob-senl-ti, u. ,
objectionable, ob-jek'shun-abl, adj., that may be quality ofbeing obscene , lewdness.
objected to. Obscure, ob-skur, adj. lit. covered over; dark ;
objective, ob-jekr/iv, adj., relating to an object; not distinct ; not easily understood ; not clear or
fate, far ; m, her ; mine ; mOte ; mute ; mOOn ; Men,
 obscure
legible: unknown; humble: living in darkness.
-adv. obscurely. [L. obscurus, akin to Sans.
sku, to cover.]
rbacure. ob-skur', v.t., to make obscure; to darken ;
to make less plain 'pr.p. obscuVing ; Pa.p. ob
scured'. [L. obscuro, obscuratum.}
i, ob-skur-a'shun, n., the act ofobscuring
r state of being obscured.
, ob-skuri-ti, ., state; humility.
unintelligibleness or quality of being
j ob'sfi-kwiz, . lit a following; funeral
rites and solemnities. [L. obsequiceob, and
sequor, to follow.]
obsequious, ob-selcwi-us, adj. X\\. following after;
orig. compliant i compliant to excess; meanly
condescending.-adv. obie'quioualT.. obse'qui-
ouun.
Observe, ob-zerv', v.t. lit. tokeepinview; to notice;
to regard attentively ; to remark : to comply with ;
to keep religiously : in B., to keep or guard.
v.t. to take notice ; to attend ; to remark '.pr-P.
observing ; pa.p. observed'.. obeerv'er. [L.
observo, atumob, and servo, to heed, keep.]
observable, ob-zetVa-bl, adj., that may be observed
or noticed ; worthy of observation.adv. observ7-
ably,n. observ'ableness.
observance, ob-zeiVans, ., act of observing; per
formance ; attention : that which is to be ob
served ; rule of practice. [Fr. ; L. observantia.]
observant, ob-zeiVant, adj. , observing; taking
notice ; adhering to ; carefully attentive.adv.
observ'antly. [L. observans, pr.p. of observo.]
observation, ob-zer-va'shun, ., act of observing;
attention : that which is observed ; a remark :
performance,
observational, ob-zer-va'shun-al, adj., consisting of
or containing observations or remarks,
observator,
who observes ob-zetVa-tor or ol/zerv-a-tor, one
; a remarker,
observatory, ob-zer/a-tor-i, a place for making
astronomical and physical observations.
observing, ob-zeiVing, adj., habitually taking
notice; attentive.adv. obseiVlngly.
Obsolescent, ob-sO-les'ent, adj., going out of use.
[L. obsolescent, -entis, pr.p. of obsolesco, obso-
Utumoby and soleo, to be wont.]
obsolete, ob'so-let, adj., gone out ofuse; antiquated :
in mooI., obscure; rudimental.n. obsoleteness.
Obstacle, ob'sta-kl, n. lit. that which stands in the
way ; anything thathinders progress; obstruction.
[L. obstaculumob, in the way, sto, to stand.]
Obstetric, ob-stet'rik. Obstetrical, ob-siet'rik-al, adj.
lit, that stands before; pertaining to midwifery.
[L. obstetriciusobstetrixt -ids, a midwifeob,
before, and sto, to stand.]
obstetrics, ob-ster/riks, n.sing., the science of mid
wifery.
Obstinate, ob'sti-nat, adj. lit. standingin the way of
another's wishes; firmly resolved; unyielding;
stubborn ; not easily subdued.adv. ob'ttlnately.
[L. obstino, -atumob, in way of, sto, to stand.]
obstinacy, ob'sti-nas-i, obstlnsteness, ob'sti-nat-nes,
n., quality of being obstinate ; fixedness in
opinion or resolution ; stubbornness : fixedness
that yields with difficulty.
Obstreperous, ob-sirep'er-us, adj., making a loud
noise; clamorous; noisy.adv. obstreperously.
[h.obstreperusob, zndstrepere, to makea noise.]
Obstruct, ob-strukt/, v.t. lit. to pile up in the way
erf; to block up ; to hinder from passing ; to retard:
pr.p. obstructing ; pa.p. obsiruct'ed. [L. ob,
in the way of, ttruo, structunt, to pile up.]
fate, fir ; me, her ; mine ;
occultation
obstruction, ob-stank'shun, n., act of obstructing;
that which obstructs ; obstacle ; impediment,
obstructive, ob-strukt'iv, adj., tending to obstruct;
hindering.adv. obstruct'ively.
obstruent, ob'strOo-ent, adj., obstructing; blocking
up.. in med., anything that obstructs in the
body. [L. obstruent, -entis, pr.p. of obstruo.}
Obtain, ob-tan', v.t., to lay hold of; to hold ; to pro
cure by effort ; to gain.v.t. to be established ; to
continue in use ; to become held or prevalent ; to
subsist: (rare) to succeed:-pr.p. obtaining: pa.p.
obtained'. (L. obtineoob, and teneo, to hold.]
obtainable, ob-tan'a-bl, adj., that may be obtained,
procured, or acquired.
Obtrude, ob-tro"Od', v.t., to thrust in upon when not
wanted ; to urge upon against the will of.v.i. to i
thrust or be thrust upon :pr.p. obtrud'ing ; Pa.p.
obtrud'ed. [L. obtrudoob, and trudo, trusum,
to thrust.)
obtruding, ob-troTJd'ing, obtrusion, ob-trOo'zhun,
a thrusting in or upon against the will of.
obtrusive, ob-trOOs'iv, adj., disposed to obtrude or
thrust one's selfamong others.adv. obtrus ively.
Obtuse, ob-tQs', adj., blunt; not pointed: stupid ;
not shrill : in geom., greater than a right angle.
adv. obtuse ly. n. obtuse ness. [L. obtusus
abtundo, to bluntob, against, (undo, to beat.]
Obverse, ob-vers', adj., turned towards one ; bear
ing the face: in bot., having the base narrower
than the top adv. obverse ly. [L. c
towards, and verto, to turn.]
obverse, ob'vers, n. the side of a <
the principal figure :opposed to I
Obviate, ob'vi-at, v.t. lit. to meet in the way; to
remove, as difficulties :pr.p. ob'viating ;
ob'viated. [L. obvioob, in the way of, and via,
viaturn, to gofin, a way.]
obvious, ob vi-us, adj., meeting in the way : evident,
adv. ob'vlously.n. ob'vioosness. [L. obvius.\
Obvorate, ob'vO-lfit, Obvoluted, ob'vO-lQt-ed, adj.,
rolled or turned in ; in bot., arranged so as alter
nately to overlap. [L, obvolutus-~-ob, and volvo,
volutum, to roll.]
Occasion, ok-ka'zhun, n., that whichfalls in the
way or happens; occurrence; opportunity: re
quirement.v.t. to cause: to influence '.pr-P'
occa'sioningj/a./.occasioned. [h.occasiooccido
ob, in the way of, and cado, casum, to falL]
occasional, ok-ka'zhun-al, adj., falling in the way
or happening; occurring only at times ; resulting
from accident ; produced on some special event.
adv. occasionally.
Occident, ok'si-dent, n. the western quarter of the
hemisphere where the .sun goes down or sets;
the west. [L. occidens, -cntts, pr.p. of occido, to
fall down.]
occidental, ok-si-dentul, adj. noting the quarter
where the sun goes down or sets ; western.adv.
occldenfally.
Occiput, ok'si-putt n., the backPart ofthe head or
skull, [l^ob, at the back, caput, head.]
occipital, ok-sip'it-al, adj., pertaining to the occiput
or back part of the head.
Occult, ok'knit, adj., coveredover; hidden ; secret ;
unknown.adv. occult'ly.n. occalt'ness. ( L.
occulta, to hideocctdo, to cover overob, over,
and cat, root of celo, to conceal, clam, secretly,
Gr. kryptd, kalyptd, to hide, E. Hull, a husk.]
oocaltaUoa, ok-kul-ta'shun, ., a concealing, csp.
of one of the heavenly bodies by another.
mOte; mflte; mOon; Men.
 Occupy Offend '
y, cVQ-pT, v.t., to take or seize ; to hold Octopod, ok'to-pod, re. an animal having eight feet
or legs. [Gr. ohti, eight, and Pous, podos, foot.]
possession of; to cover or fill : to employ : in /*'., Octoroon, oU'to-ruun, n. the offspring of a quadroon
to use ; to trade with.v.i. to hold possession : in and a white person, [from L. octo, eight.]
B; to trade :/r./. occupying; Pa.p. occ upied. Octosyllabic, ok-tO-sil-lab'ik, adj., consistingofeight
[L. oeeu/.-?, -atuntob, and capio, to take.] syllables. [L. octo, eight, and syllabic]
iccupancy, ok'Q-pan-si, n., the act of occupying,
or of taking or holding possession ; possession, Ocular, ok'G-lar. adj.,pertaining to the eye; formed
iccupant, ok'O-pant, n.} one who occupies; one who in or known by the eye ; received by actual sight.
takes or has possession. ., the act of occupying adv. oc'ularly. (L. oculariusoculus, Gr.
ok-G-pa'shun, okhos, akin to Sans, akshi, the eyeihsh, to see.J
I possession ; possession : employment, oculist, ok'Q-list, ., one skilled in eye diseases.
c'fl-pl-er, >: an occupant : in B.t atrader. Odd, od, adj. lit. haznngonepoint over ; not paired
Occur, ok-kur*, v.i. lit. to run towards a person or with another : not even ; left over after a round
place ; to come or be presented to the mind : to number has been taken : not exactly divisible by
happen ; to appear ; to be found here and there : f two : unusual : trifling.adv. oddly.n. odd'nesa.
Pr.p. occurring ; pa.p. occurred'. [L. occurro [Dan. odd, Sw. uddIce. oddr, a point.]
ob, towards, and curro, to run.] odd-fellow, od'-fel-lO, n. one of a secret benevolent
occurrence, ok-kur'ens, ., anything that occurs; society called odd-fellows. [Odd, and Fellow.]
an event: occasional presentation, oddity, od'i-ti, re., the state ofbeing odd or singular ;
occurrcnt, ok-kur'rent, n. in B., an occurrence or strangeness : a singular person or thing,
chance.adj. in B., coming in the way. odds, odz, re., inequality ; difference in favour ofone
Ocean, O'shun, re. the vast, rapidflowing body of vantage against another ; more than an even wager ; ad-
water on the surface of the globe ; also, one of ; dispute, [from Odd.]
its five great divisions : any immense expanse. Ode, Od, re., a song; a poem written to be set to
adj. pertaining to the great sea. [L. oceanus; Gr. music. [L. ode, oda, Gr. Sdi, contracted from
Ckeanos, perh. from dkys, swift, and nod, to flow.] aoideaeidd, to sing.]
oceanic, 0-sh6-an'ik^ adj., pertaining to the ocean ; Odium, G'di-um, re., hatred; offensiveness ; quality
found or formed in the ocean. of provoking hate. [L.-~odi, to hate.]
Ocelot, 6'se-Iot, n. the name of several species of odious, 6'di-us, ad/., hateful; offensive ; repulsive ;
animals in the tropical parts of S. America allied hated.adv. odiously.n. o'dlouaneu.
to the leopard but much smaller. [Mcx. ocelotl.] Odontology, C-don-tol'o-ji, re., the science which
Ochlocracy, ok-loVra-si, ., mob-rule; a govern treats ofthe teeth. [Gr. odous, odontos, a tooth,
ment by the populace. (Gr. ochlokratiaochlos, and logos, discourse, science.]
the mob, and hratos, rule.]adjs. ochlocrat'ic, Odour, O'dur, ., smell; perfume : estimation. [L.
echlocr&t leal,adv. ochlocrat'lcally. odorroot od, allied to Gr. ozd, to smell.]
Ochre, Ocber, o'ker, re. a fine clay, mostlypaleyellow. odoriferous, Q-dur-ifer-us, adj., bearing odours;
[L. ochra; Gr. ochradchros, pale yellow; diffusing fragrance ; perfumed.adv. odorlfer-
Sans, hari, yellow.] oualy. [L. odoriferusodor, andfero, to bear.]
ochr&ceous, u-kra'shus, adj. . ofan ochre colour, odorous, o'dur-us, adj. emitting an odour or scent ;
oenreous, oeherous, OTcer-us, ochry, ochery, oTcer-i.o^"., sweet smelling ; fragrant.adv. o'doroualy.
consisting of, containing, or resembling ochre. odourless, O'dur-Ies, ., without odour.
Octagon, ok'ta-gon, n. a plane figure of eight sides O'er, Or, contracted from Over.
and eight angles.adj. octagonal. [Gr. okid, Of, uv, prep.,from or outfrom; belonging to ; out
eight, and g&nia, an angle.
Octahedron,ok-ta-h'dron, . a]solid figurewitheight and of; among; proceeding from, so in the Litany
Nicene Creed : owing to ; concerning : in*
equal equilateral triangles resting on eight equal B.,
bases.adj. octahe dral. [Gr. oktd, hedra, a base.] over.and[A.S. Pr. Bk., sometimes = by, from, on, or
of; Dan., Ice., Sw., Goth, af-
Octangular, ok-tang'gtl-lar, adj. , having eight L. ab; Gr. apo; Sans, apa, away from.of
angles. [L. okto", eight, and angular.]
Octant, ok'tant, re. the eighth part of a circle : the Off,purpose, of, adv.,
in B., intentionally.
from; away from; on the opposite
aspect of two planets when 45*, or 1 of a circle side of a question: not on.adj. most cfistant:
apart. [L. octans, octantisocto, eight.] right, right hand.prcf. not on.int. away!
Octave, ok'tav, adj., eight; consisting of eight. depart ! [same as Of, differently used.]
/;. an eighth ; that which consists of eight : the offing, ofing, . a part of the sea ^from the shore,
eighth day inclusive after a church festival ; the
eight days following a festival inclusive : in offacouring, refuse :
ofskour-ing, . mailer scoured off;
anything vile or despised,
music, an eighth, or an interval of twelve semi offset, ofset, . in accounts, a sum or value set off
tones. [L. octavus, eighthocto, eight.]
octavo, ok-tS'vC, adj. having eight leaves to the against another as an equivalent : a young shoot
sheet.re. a book having eight leaves to the or bulb: a terrace on a hillside: in arch., a
horizontal ledge on the face of a wall.v,t. ia
sheet, contracted 8vo.pi. octavos. accounts, to place against as an equivalent,
','ok-tO'ber, re. the eighth month ofthe Roman offshoot,
year, which began in March, but the tenth in stem ; anythingre.growing of'shtJot, that which shoots off the parent
out of another,
our calendar. [L. octo, eight.]
tetodeclmo, ok-tcVdes'i-mo, adj. having eighteen from; the thing re.caused:
offspring, ofspring, lit. that which springs off
children; issue: pro
leaves to the sheet, contracted i8mo. [L. octo- duction of any kind.
decim, eighteenocto, eight, and decern, ten.) Offal, ofa], re. lit. that whichfalls off; waste meat ;
ok-toj'en-ar-i, adj. of eighty years of the part of an animal unfit for use : refuse ; any
... octogenariusoctogeni, eighty each.]
-I, t*_in-3Vt.on aetAMnarv.
l, ok-"tO-jcn-a'ri-an, ok-toj'en- thingof-fend',
octogenary, ok-toi'en- worthless. [Off, and Fall.]
v.t. lit. to strike against; to annoy;
ar-i, ., one who is eighty years old.
fate, far ; m5, her ; mine ; mOte ; mate ; mCon ; then.
348
 offence
to displease ; to affront : in B., to cause to sin.
v.i. to sin : to cause anger : in B., to be made to
sin :Pr.p, offend'ing ; Pa.p. offend'ed. [L. ob,
against, andfendo, akin to Sans, han, to strike.
sffence, offense, of-fens*, n., a striking against ; a
stumbling; an injury: a crime; a sin: anger;
displeasure : affront : assault.
offender, of-fender, n., one who offends or injures;
a trespasser; a criminal.
offensive, of-fens'*v, adj., causing offence ; dis
pleasing: injurious: used in attack; making the
first attack.n. the act of the attacking party;
the posture of one who attacks.adv. offensively.
. offens'lvuncss, [Fr. offensif'L. offendo, of-
fensumob, andfendo.]
Offer, ofer, v.t., to bring to or before ; to make a
proposal to : to lay before : to present to the
mind: to attempt: to propose to give: to pre
sent in worship.v.i. to present itself; to be at
hand ; to declare a willingness '.pr.p. offering;
pa.p. offered.n. act of offering ; first advance :
that which is offered ; proposal made.. offerer.
[L. offerreob, towards, fero,/errc, to bring.]
efferable, ofer-abl, adj., that may be offered._
offering, ofer-ing, ., that which is offered: in 7?.,
that which is offered on an altar ; a sacrifice.//,
in Church of Eng., certain dues payable at Easter.
offertory, ofer-tor-i, . orig. act of offering; in
Eng. Church, that part of the liturgy where the
people's offerings are made; in R. C. Church, an
anthem chanted during the first part of the mass.
Office, ofis, n. lit. a rendering ofaid; settled duty
or employment ; business ; act of good or ill : act
of worship: formulary of devotion : peculiar use:
a place for business : a benefice with no jurisdic
tion attached :in the apartments of a house
in which the domestics discharge their duties.
[Fr.L. officiumopis, axd^facio, to do or make.]
office-bearer, of'is-bSr-er, ., one who holds office.
officer, ofi-scr, one who holds an office ; a person
who performs some public office.v.t, to furnish
with officers ; to command, as officers :pr.p.
officering; Pa.p. officered.
official, of-fish'al, adj., pertaining to an office; de-
5ending on the proper office or authonty ; done
y authority.n. one who holds an office ; a sub
ordinate public officer ; the deputy of a bishop,
&c.adz: offi'cUlly. [L. officialisofficium.]
officiate, of-fish'i-at, v.i. to perform the duties ofan
office ; to perform official duties for another:
Pr.p. ofn'cuting ; Pa.p. offi'ciSted.
officious, of-fish'us, adj. orig. doing good offices,
obliging ; overkind ; intermeddling.adv. offl'ci-
omly.. officloosneis. [L. officiosusofficium.]
Officinal, of-fiVin-al or of-i-sT'nal, adj., belonging to
or used in a shop ; denoting an approved medicine
kept prepared by apothecaries. [Fr.L. officina,
a workshop, contr. from opificinaopifex, -icis,
a workmanopus, work,Jacio, to do.]
Off, oft, Often, ofn, adv.,frequently ; many times.
adj. often, in B., frequent. [A.S., Ger. oft,
akin to hdufig, crowded, frequent.]
oftenneat, ofn-nes, .,frequency.
ofttimei, oft'tlmz, oftentimes, of n-tTmz, adv., many
times; frequently. [Oft, often, and times. J
Ogle, O'gl, v.t., to look at with side glances.v.i.
to practise ogling '.pr.p. O'gling ; Pa.p. O'gled.
n. o gler. [Ger. dugeln, to twinkle, dugen, to
eyeauge, eye ; low L. oculareoculus, eye.]
ogling, O'gling, n., act of viewing with side glances.
Ogre, O'ger, *. lit. a ficndy>w* hell; a man-eating
fate, far ; mi, her ; mine ;
Olympian
monster or giant of fairy tales.-fern, o'crett.
[Fr. ogre, Sp. ogroIt. orco, the god of the
infernal regionsL. orcus, hell.)
Oh, o, int. denoting surprise, pain, sorrow, &c.
OIL See under Olive.
Ointment, oint'mcnt, the anointing or smearing
thing: in med., any greasy substance applied to
diseased or wounded parts : in B., a perfume.
[Fr. oindre, to anoint ; L. ungucntumunguen,
an ointmentungo. to smear, akin to Sans, artj, to
cause to shine by rubbing with greasy substances.]
Old, Old, adj., groiun, grown up; advanced in
vears ; having been long in existence ; decayed
by time : out of date ; begun long since ; ancient :
having the age or duration of; long practised.
. old ncas [A.S. eald, Ger. alt ; old Ger. alen,
to grow ; Goth, alan, to nourish, Ice. a/a, L. alo,
to nourish.]Old style, the mode of reckoning
time before 1752, according to the Julian calendar
or year of 365^ days.
olden, Old'n, adj., old ; ancient
Oleaginous, &c. See under Olive.
Olfactory, ol-fak'tor-i, adj., pertaining to or used
in smelling. [L. olfacto, to smelloleo, to smell
root of odor, smell, facia, to do or make.]
Oligarchy, ori-gark-i, ., government by a few; a
state governed by a few. [Gr. oligarchia
oligos, few, arche, governmentarchd, to rule.]
oligarch, ol'i-gark, n. a member ofan oligarchy.
oligarchs!, ol-i-gark'al, oligarchical, ol-i-garkik-al,
adj. , pertaining to an oligarchy.
Olio, cVli-0, n. a dish of different sorts of meat and
vegetables boiled together; a mixture: in music,
a medley; a literary miscellany. [Sp. ollaL.
olla, a poL]
Olive, ol'iv, n. a tree cultivated round the Mediter
ranean for its oily fruit ; its fruit : peace, of which
the olive was the emblem : a colour like the un
ripe olive. [L. oliva, Gr. elaia.]
ollvaceou, ol-i-va'shus, adj., olive-coloured; olive-
green. [Fr. olivaceh. oliva.]
oil, oil, n. lit. the juicefrom the fruit of the olive'
tree; any greasy liquid.v.t. to smear or anoint
with oil:pr.p. oil'ing ; pa.p. oiled'. [L. oleum,
Gr. elaionelaia, the olive.]oil-cloth, cloth
covered with oil or paint.oil'-colour, a colouring
substance mixed with oil.oil'-nut, the butter-nut
of N. America.
oil-bag, oil'-bag, n., a bag or cyst in animals con*
taining oil.
oil-cake, oil'-kik, . , a cake made of flax seed after
the oil is pressed out.
oil-painting, oil'-pant-ing, n. a picture f>ainted in
oil colours ; the art of painting in oil-colours,
oily, oil'i, adj., consisting of, containing, or having
the qualities of oil; greasy.n. oU'ineea.
oleaginous, 0-lc-aj'in-us, adj., oily: in bot., fleshy and
oily. [L. oleaginusoleum, oil.]u. oleag'lnotti-
neaa.
oleaster, 6Vle-as'tert n. the wild olive.
oleiferomt, cMe-if'er-us, adj., producing oil, as
seeds. [L. oleum, oil, andfero, to bear.]
Olympiad, 0-lim'pi-ad, n. in ancient Greece, a period
of four years, being the interval between the
Olympic games, used in reckoning time (the date
of the 1st Olympiad is 776 d.c.). [Gr. olympias,
ados, belonging to Olympia, a district in Elis m
ancient Greece.]
Olympian, 0-lim'pi-an, Olympic, 0-Iim'pik, adj., per
taining to Otympia, where the Olympic games
were celebrated, or to Mt. Olympus, the fabled
mCte; mate; mOOo; then.

seat ofthe gods.Olym'ples, Olym'plc Games, games
celebrated every four years dedicated to Olym
pian Jupiter,
hnbre, om'ber, n. a game of cards played by three
[Fr.Sp. hombreL. home, a man.)
, o-m6'ga or o-meg'a, n. lit. the grtai O, the
last letter of the Greek alphabet: in B., the end.
[Gr. o mega, the great or long omega, great.]
Omelet, Omelette, om'e-let, n. lit. mixed eggs; a
pancake chiefly of eggs. [Fr.oeufs metis
**/*t ggsi pa-p. of miter; to mix.)
Omen, a'men, n. a sign of some future event. [L,
for osmen, that which is uttered by the mouth,
L. os: orTor oscinimenoscen, oscinis, that which
divines with its mouth, a divining birdos, and
cano, to divine.]
omened, o'mend, adj. , containing omens.
ominoui. om'in-us, out'. , pertaining to or containing
an omen ; foreboding evil ; inauspicious.adv.
om'inouaiy.n. om'lnousness.
Omer, fi'mer, n, a Hebrew dry measure containing
tHb partofa homer. [Heb.,fromamar, to heap up.]
Omit, o-mit', v.t. lit. to send away; to leave out ;
to neglect ; to fail :pr.p. omitt'ing ; jkt.p.
omitted. [L. omitto, omissumob, away,
milto, to send.]
omlislble, 6-mis'i-bl, adj., that may Be omitted.
omission, o-mish'un, n., act of omitting; the
neglect or failure to do something required ; that
which is left ouL (Fr.L. omissio.)
omlsslve, O-mis'iv, adj., omitting or leaving out.
Omnibus, om'ni-bus, n. lit. (something) for ail ; a
large four-wheeled vehicle, chiefly used in towns.
[L. dative pi. of omnis, all.]
omnifarious, om-ni-fa'ri-us, adj., of all varieties
or kinds. [L. omni/ariusomnis, alt, and vartus,
various.]
omnlferous, om-nif'er-us, adj., bearing or producing
all kinds. [L. omniferomnis,jero, to bear.]
omnipotent, om-nip'o-tent, adj., all-powerful ; pos
sessing unlimited power.N. The Omnipotent,
God. adv. omnlp'oteatly. [L. omnipotent
omnis, all, and Potent]
omnipotence, om-nip'o-tens, omnlpotency, om-nip'o-
ten-si, n. unlimited power.
omnlpreient, om-ni-pres'ent, adj., present every
where. [L.omnis, and Present.}m. omnipresence.
omniscient, om-nish'ent, adj., all-knowing; all-
seeing; infinitely wise.adv. omnls'dently. [L.
omnis, all, and sciens, scientis, knowingscio, to
know.]n. omniscience.
omnivorous, om-niv'or-us, adj., all-devouring; in
zoot., feeding on both animal and vegetable food.
[L. omnivorusomnis, all, voro, to devour.]
Omphalic, om-fal'ik, adj. , pertaining to the navel.
[Gr. omphatikosomphalos, the navel.]
On, on, prep., in or at; in contact with the upper
part of; to and towards the surface of; upon or
acting by contact with : at or near ; at or during :
in addition to ; toward, for : at the peril of : in
consequence; immediately after: in B. , off.
adv. above, or next beyond ; forward, in suc
cession ; in continuance : not off.int. go on 1
proceed I [A.S. on, an, Gcr. an ; orig. = In.]
onset, onset, n., a setting or rushing on or upon ;
violent attack : assault ; a storming. [On, and Bet.]
onslaught, on slawt, n. lit. a coming on to slaughter;
onset ; assault [On, and Slaughter.]
onward, onward, adj., going on; advancing;
advanced.adv. toward a point on or in front;
forward. [On, and Ward, direction.]
fate, far ; me, her ; mine ;
Ope
onwards, on'wardz, adv. same as Onward. fc
Onager, on'a-jer, ft., the wild ass of Central Asia.
[L.Gr. onagros, for ones agriosonos, an ass,
agrios, living in the fieldsagros, a field.]
Once. See under One.
One, wun, fron. a person spoken of indefinitely.
[Fr. on, old Fr. ham, L. homo, a man.]
One, wun, adj., single in number; single; undivided;
the same. [A.S. an, am, Ger. tin, L. unus, Gr.
heis, henosi
side, partial,
oneness, wun'nes, n., statee ofbeing one ;
once, wuns, adv. at one time; a single at
a former time.n. one time, [old E. ones 7 ; Ger.
einstein, one.)
only, 6n1i, adj. lit one-like ; single ; this above
all others ; alone.adv. in one manner ; for one
purpose ; singly ; merely ; barely. [A. S. amlic
art, one, and lie, like.]
Once, ons, n. lit. the lynx; a small animal of the
cat kind found in the northern regions. [Fr. ;
Sp. onza, It lonxaL. lynx.]
Onerary, on'er-ar-i, adj., fitted or intended for
carrying burdens ; comprising burdens, [L.
onerartusonus, oneris, a burden. ]
onerous, on'er-us, adj., burdensome ; oppressive.
adv. on'erously. [L. onervsusonus.]
Onion, un'yun, n. lit. a single one; a common plant,
with a bulbous root [Fr. oignon ; L. unio, from
unus, one.]
Only. See under One.
Onomatopoeia, on-o-mat-o-pe"'ya> n. lit name-
making: in gram., the formation of a word with
resemblance in sound to that made by the thing
signified ; the use of such a word.adj. onomato-
poeflc [Gr. onoma, -atos, a name,/v/V<j, to make.]
Onset, Onslaught. See under On.
Ontology, on-tol'o-ji, n. lit a discourse about being;
metaphysics.n. ontol ogirt, one versed in ontol
ogy. [Gr. dn, ontos, being, pr.p. of eimi (Sans.
as), to be, and logos, discourse.]
ontologlc, on-to-loj'ik, ontologies!, on-to-loj'ik-al,
adj., Pertaining to ontology.
Onward, Onwards. See under On.
Onyx, on'iks, n. in min., an agate formed of layers
of chalcedony of different colours, used for mak
ing cameos, so called from its likeness to the nail
in colour. [L., Gr. onyx, a finger-nail.]
Oolite, O'o-lTt, . mgeol, a kind of tfmestont
posed of grains like the eggs or roe of a
adj. oolit ic. [Gr. oon, an egg, and lithos, stone.]
Ooze, 6oz, . lit. moisture; soft mud; gentle flow:
the liquor of a tan vat.v.t. to flow gently ; to
percolate, as a liquid through pores:/V./.
ooz'ing ; Pa.p. Oozed . [A.S. was, juice ; Ice. zw,
moisture ; A.S. wase, mud ; akin to Water, Wet.]
oozy, Ooz'i, adj., resembling ooze; slimy.
Opacity. See under Opaque.
Opah, O'pa, n. a large, brilliantly coloured sea-fish
of the Dory family, also called king-fish, [?]
Opal, o'pal, n. lit the gleaming stone; a precious
stone of a milky hue, remarkable for its changing
colours. [L. opalus, acc\to Wedjrwood, from
Polish,palad, to glow, Servian, opaJiti, to shoot.]
Opaque, o-p5k', adj., shady ; da)e-k; not transparent
[Fr. ; h. opacus.) [wrfet of transparency.
opaqueness, o-pak'nes, qualify ofbeing opaque;
opacity, O-pasi-ti, n., opaqueness ; obscurity.
Ope, op, v.t. and i. in poetry, to open. [See Open.)
mote ; mute ; mCJon ; Men.
 Open
Open, O'pn, adj. lit. lifted up; not shot; free
o( access : free from trees : not fenced : not
drawn together : not frozen up ; not frosty :
free to be used, &c : public : without reserve ;
frank : easily understood ; generous ; liberal :
clear : unbalanced, as an account : attentive ;
free to be discussed.v./. to make open ; to
bring to view: to explain : to begin.v.i. to
become open ; to unclose ; to be unclosed ; to
begin to appear; to begin '.Pr.p. O'pening; Pa.p.
O'pened.adv. o'penly.ns. openness, opener.
[A.S. ofen : Ger. offen, prob. from oben, up;
Ice. eptnn, open, mouth upwards; conn, with Up.]
open-handed, 0 pn-hand-ed, adj. lit. with an ofxn
hand ; generous : liberal.
open-hearted, f/pn-hart-cd, adj. lit. with att open
heart; frank; generous.
opening, fl'pn-ing, n., an open place ; a breach ; an
aperture : beginning ; first appearance.
Opera, op'er-a, n. lit. a work; a musical drama.
(L., from opus, operis, Sans, apas, work.)
opera-glass, op'er-a-glas, n. a small glass or tele
scope for use at operas, theatres, &c.
operate, op'er-at, v.i., to work; to exert strength ;
to produce any effect : to exert moral power : in
mud., to take effect upon the human system : in
surgery, to perform some unusual act upon the
body with the hand or an instrument.v.t. to
effect ; to produce by agency \pr.p. operating ;
pa.p. op'erated. [L. operor, -atusopus.\
operatic, op'er-ai ik, operatlcal, op-cr-atlk-al, adj.,
pertaining to or resembling the opera,
operation, op-er-5'shun, n., act or process 0/operat
ing; agency; influence; method of working ;
action or movements : surgical performance.
operative, op'er-a-tiv, adj., having the power of
operating or acting ; exerting force ; producing
effects.., one who works; a workman in a
manufactory ; a labourer.adv. op'eratlvely.
eperator, op'er-a-tor, ., one who or that which
operates or produces an effect.
operetta, op-er-et'ta, n. a short, light musical
drama. [Ic, dim. of opera.]
operoM, op'er-ca, adj. lit. requiring work or labour ;
tedious.adv. op'erosely.n. operoaeness.
Opercalum, O-perTcu-Ium, n. in hot., a cover ox lid :
in tool., the plate over the entrance of a shell ; the
apparatus which protects the gills of fishes.-adj.
opercular, belonging to the operculum.adjs.
oper'eulate, oper'culated, having an operculum.
[L., from operio, to cover.}
Operetta, Operow. See under Opera.
Ophlclelde, ori-klTd, . lit. a serpent with keys : a
large bass trumpet, with a deep pitch. [Fr. ; Gr.
aphis, a serpent, and A'let's, kleiaos, a key.]
ophidian, O-fid'i-an, ophldiouj, 6-lid i-us, adj., Per
taining to serpents.
Ophthalmia, of-thal'mi-a, Ophthalmy, oFthal-mi, ft.,
inflammation ofthe eye* [Gr. ophthalmos, eye.]
ophthalmic, of-thaf'mik, adj.,pertaining to the eye.
Opiate. See under Opium.
Opinion, O-pin'yun, n. lit. a thinking; a conviction
on probable evidence ; judgment ; notion : esti
mation. [L. opinio, from opinor, to think.]
opinionated, fl-pin'yun-at-ed, adj. firmly adhering
to one's own opinion.
optnlonatlve, O-pin'yun-at-ir, adj., unduly attached
to one's own opinions ; stubborn.adv. opin'lon-
atlvely.n. opin lonatlvtnesi.
Opium, 6'pi-um, n. the narcotic juice of the white
fate, far; m, her; mine;
Optative
poppy. [L. : Gr. opion, from opos, vegetable
juice.]
opiate, o'pi-5t, ft. any medicine that contains ofium,
and induces sleep ; that which induces rest.
adj. inducing sleep ; causing rest.
opiated, 8 pi-at-ed, adj., mixedwith opiates; under
the influence of opiates.
Opossum, fi-pos'um, n. an American quadruped with
a prehensile tail, the female having a pouch in
which she carries her young, [an Indian name.)
Oppidan, op'i-dan, . orig. an inhabitant 0/ the
town; at Eton, a student who boards in the
town, and not in the college. [L. oppidanus'
oppidum, a town.]
Opponent. See under Oppose.
Opportune, op-por-tun', adj. lit. at or be/ore the
harbour; present at a proper time ; seasonable.
adv. opportunely.n. opportuneness. [L. op-
portunusob, before, andpartus, a harbour.]
opportunity, op-por-tfln'i-ti, an opportune or
convenient time ; occasion.
Oppose, op-poY, v.t., toplace before or in the way
of; to set against; to place as an obstacle; to
resist ; to check ; to compete with.v.t. to make
objection '.pr.p. opposing; p>a.p. opposed'.
n. oppoe'er. [L. opponoob, in the way, and
pono, positum, to place.] See Position.
opposable, op-poVa-bf,^/., capable ofbeingopposed.
opposite, op'G-zit, adj.,placed over against ; stand
ing in front ; contrasted with ; adverse ; contrary.
that which is opposed or contrary ; an op
ponent.adv. opp'ositely.tt. opp'osltenea*.
opposition, op-O-zish'un, n., state of being opposed
or placed over against ; standing over against :
repugnance ; contrariety : act of opposing ; re
sistance : that which opposes ; obstacle : the
party that opposes the ministry or existing
administration : in astron., the situation of
heavenly bodies when 180* apart.
opponent, op-pG'nent, adj., opposing; situated in
front ; adverse.n. one who opposes, especially
in argument ; an adversary.
Oppress, op-pres', v.t. lit. topress against or down ;
to use severely ; to burden ; to lie heavy upon ;
to constrain ; to overpower:Pr.p. oppressing;
Pa.p. oppressed'. [L, ofprimo, efprcssumob,
against, and premo, to press ]
oppression, op-presh'un, it., act of oppressing;
severity ; cruelty : state of being oppressed ;
misery; hardship; injustice; dulness.
oppressive, op-presiv, adj., tending to oppress;
over-burdensome ; unjustly severe ; heavy ; over
powering.adz>. oppressively..oppress ivenea*.
oppressor, op-pres'or, n., one who oppresses.
Opprobrious. See under Opprobrium.
Opprobrium, op-prO'bri-um, n. lit. that which is
prohibited; reproach with contempt or disdain ;
disgrace; infamy. [L. ob, against, probrum,
reproachperhaps contracted from prahibrum
prohibeo, to prohibit.]
opprobrious, op-prO'bri-us, adj., expressive of
opprobrium; reproachful; infamous; despised.
adv. oppro'brloualy. n. opprobriousnei.
Oppugn, op-pun', v.t. lit. to fight against ; to
oppose ; to resist '.pr.p. oppugn ing ; Pa P.
oppugned'.n. oppugn'er. [L oppucno, to fight
againstob, against, and pugna, a fight. J
Optative, op'ta-tiy or op-ta'tiv, adj., expressing
desire or wish.n. in gram., a mode of the
mote; mate; moon; Men.
35*
 option ordination
verb expressing wish.adv. op'tatvcaly. [L. surround ; to form into an orb '^r.p. orbing ; .
optativus, from opto, optatum, to wish.] Pa.p. orbed'. [L. orbis.]
option, op'shun, n., act of choosing; power of orbed, orbd', adj. , in theform ofan orb ; circular,
choosing or wishing ; wish. [L. optio, optionis.] orbicular, or-bik'Q-Iar, adj., having theform ofan.
optional, op'shun-al, ad/., Uft to cue's option or orb ; spherical ; round.adv. orbic'ularly.n.
choice.-adv. optionally. orbic'ularneaa. [from L. orbiculus, dim. of orbis.)
Optic, op'tik, Optical, op'tik-al, adj., relating to orblcoUte, or-bik'Q-lat, orbiculated, or-bik'u-Ut-ed,
adj., in theform ofan orb.*. orblcnla'tlon.
sight, or to optics.adv. optically. [Gr. optikes orbit, or'bit, n. lit. the track made by a wheel; a
op, root of opsomai, fut. othorad. to see.]
optician, op-tish'an, ., one skilled in optics; one coursein the
; the path described by a celestial body
heavens : the bony cavity for the eyeball :
who makes or sells optical instruments. the skin round the eye. [L. orbitaorbtsJ]
optics, op'tiks, n.sing., the science of the nature orbital, oKbit-al, adj., pertaining to an orbit.
and laws of vision and light.
Optuniim, op'tim-izm, n. the doctrine that every Orchard, orch'ard, n. , a yard or enclosure for worts
thing is ordered for the best. [L. optimus, best.] or vegetables ; a garden of fruit-trees, esp. apple-
optimist, op'tim-ist, n. one who holds that every trees. [A.S. ortgeard; old Ger. tvurxgarte ;
thing is ordered for the best. Goth, aurtigards.] See Wort, and Yard.
Option, Optional, &c. See under Optative. Orchestra, or'kcs-tra, n. in the Greek theatre, the
Opulent, op'O-lent, adj., abounding in means; place where the chorus danced; the part of a
theatre for the musicians ; the performers in an
wealthy.adv. op'nlantly. [L. opulenso/s, orchestra. [Gr. orchestraorchister, a dancer
means ; akin to Sans, root /, to obtain.] orcheomai, to dance.]
opulence, op'Q-lens, ., means; riches; wealth. orchestral, orTccs-tral, or or-kes', adj., pertaining
Or, or, conj. marking an alternative, and sometimes to an orchestra ; performed
opposition.-Prep, in B., before. [A.S. othtke, Orchidaceous, or-ki-da'shus, adj.inrelating an orchestra.
to a natural
outher; Goth, aiththan; L. aut.\
Oral, 8Val, adj., uttered by the mouth; spoken. tiful fragrant flowers. [Gr. orchis,roots
order of plants with testiculated
a
and beau
tesu'cle.J
adv. o'rally. [L. os, oris, the mouth.] orchid, or'kid, n. an orchidaceous plant.
oracle, or a-kl, . the answer spoken or uttered by orchis, or'kis, n. a genus of orchidaceous plants.
the gods ; the place where responses were
given, and the deities supposed to >ve them ; Ordain, &c. Sec under Order.
one famed for wisdom; a wise decision : in ., Ordeal, or/d-al, a dealing out or giving ofjust
the sanctuary ; in //. the revelations made to the judgment ; an ancient form of trial by lots, fire,
prophets. [L. oraculumoro, to speakos, oris.) water, &c. ; any severe trial or examination.
oracular, &-rak'u-lar, adj., delivering oracles; re [A.S. ordal; Dutch, oordeel, Ger. urtheil, judg
sembling oracles : grave; venerable: equivocal; mentIce. ur, out of, and tlteil, a partGoto.
obscure.adv. oracularly.n. oracularneas. theilen, A.S. dorian, to divide.]
oration, 0-ri'shun, ., a speaking ; a speech made Order, or'der, n. regular arrangement; method:
according to the laws of rhetoric, and spoken in proper state : rule ; regular government : com
public; a public address; a harangue.
orator, or^a-tor, n. a public speaker; a man of mand : a class ; a society of persons ; a religious
fraternity : a scientific division of objects : in
eloquence.'fern, oratress, or'atrlx. arch. , a system of the parts of columns.//, the
oratorical, or-a-toKik-al, adj., pertaining to ora Christian ministry.v.t. to arrange : to conduct :
tory; becoming an orator.adv. orator lcally. to command.v.i. to give command :pr.p. or
oratorio, or-a-tO'n-0, n, lit. a place ofprayer; a dering; pa.p. ordered. [Fr. ordreL. ordo.]
kind of musical drama, usually founded on Scrip ordering, or'der-ing, ., arrangement; manage
ture. [It.low L. oratoriumL. orator, one ment.
who speaks or prays.] orderleas, oKdcr-les, adj. , withoutorder; disorderly.
oratory, oKa-tor-i, ., a place ofprayer; an apart orderly, orMcr-li, adj. , in order ; regular : well regu
ment or building for private worship. [low L. lated : quiet: being on duty.-adv. regularly;
oratoriumL. orator, one who speaks or prays.] methodically.n. a soldier who attends on a
Orang, O-rang', . lit. a man; a kind of ape resem superior.n. orderliness
bling man, found chiefly in the forests of ordinal, oi^din-al, adj. shewing order or succession.
Malacca. [Malay.] n. a number notingorder : a ritual for ordination.
orang-outang, O-rang'-oTJ-tang', orang-utan, O-rang'- ordinary, orMm-ar-i, adj. , according to the common
ClWan', . lit. man of the woods ; the Indian or order; usual : of common rank ; plain ; of little
red orang. [Malay.] merit#f. an established judge of ecclesiastical
Orange, or'anj, n. a tree with a delightful gold-col causes ; settled establishment : actual office : a
oured fruit; its fruit.adj. pertaining to an fixed bishop : a place where meals are provided at
orange ; orange-coloured. [Fr. ; It arancia, ordain, or-dan', charges, adv. ordinarily.
from Pcrs. nareni, the n being dropped, it was to regulate : tov.t.,settoinputan inoffice; order; to appoint;
to invest with
thought to come from L. aurum, gold, hence low ministerial functions \-~pr.p. ordain'ing ; Pa.p.
L. aurantiurn.) ordained'. [L. ordino, ordiuatumordo.}
orangeman, or'anj-man, n. a member of a secret ordinance, or'din-ans, ., that tvhich is ordained by
society instituted in Ireland in 1795 to uphold authority ; a law : an established rite.
Protestantism, so called because its distinctive ordinats, or'din-at, adj. lit. in order; regular.n,
colour was orange. [trees. a straight line in a curve terminated on both
orangery, or'anj-er-i, n., a plantation of orange- sides
adv.byor/dlnately.
Oration, Orator, &c. See under Oral. the curve and bisected by the diameter.
Orb, orb, n., a circle; a sphere ; a celestial body : ordination, or-din-a'shun, ., ihe act ofordaining;
a wheel; any rolling body: the eye,v. I. to established order.
fate, far; me, her; mine; mote; mate; mGOn; Men,
 ordnance Orris
ordnance, ord'nans, n. orig. any arrangement, dis begin '.pr.p. originating ; Pa.p. origin5ted..
position, or equipment ; great guns ; artillery. originator. [It. origimireL. origo.}
Ordure, or'dur, dirt; dung; excrement. [Fr. ; origination, o-rij'in-a'shun, n., act oforiginating or
of coming into existence ; mode of production.
It. lordura, orduraL. luridits, dirty.]
On. Or, n. one of the native minerals, so called Oriole, Or'i-Ol, n. a kind of thrush, of a golden-
from the veins running through it; metal [Gcr. yellow colour. [Fr. oriol, Prov. auriolL.
ader; Ice. aader, aar; Dan. aare, a vein.] aurtolus, dim. of aureus, goldenaurum, gold.]
Organ, o/gan, . lit. that with which anything Orion, o-rl'on, . in astr., one of the constellations.
may be done; that by which a natural operation [Orion, in myth., a giant placed among the stars
is carried on : a musical instrument with, pipes, at his death.]
bellows, and keys : the medium of conveyance Orison, ort-zun, ., aprayer. [Fr. oraison, old Fr.
or communication. [ L. organum, Gr. organon orisonL. oratiooro, to speak, pray.]
*rgS, to do or make.]
organic, or-gan'ik, organic&l, or-ganlk-al, adj.,Per Orlop, orlop, n., lit. that which runs over a ship,
the deck ; the deck where the cables, &c. are
taining to an organ; consisting of or contain stowed ; the under-deck of a ship of the line.
ing organs : produced by the organs : instru [Dutch, overloop, the upper-deckoverlopen, to
mentaladv. organically. run over.]
organism, oKgan-izm, ., organic structure.
organist, or'gan-ist, ., one who plays on the organ. Ormolu, or-mo-lOO', n. lit milled or beaten gold; a
organise, organ-Iz, v.t., to supply with organs; kind of brass like gold from the quantity of
to form, as an organised body ; to arrange : moulu, inpa.p.
copper it. [Fr. or, L. aurum, gold, and Fr.
ofww*x*np,togrind, L. molo, to mill.]
pr.p. organising; pa.p. organised.
organiaable, or-gan-Iz'a-bl, adj., that may be Ornament, thing
or'na-mcnt, . , that which adorns ; any
which adds beauty : additional beauty:
organised or arranged. in pi., in Pr. Blc, all the articles used in the
organisation, or-gan-i-zi'shun, n., the act oforgan services of the church.v.t. to adorn ; to furnish
ising; the state of being organised.
Orgies, or'jiz, orig. ceremonies observed in the with ornaments '.pr.p. ornamenting ; Pa.p. or
namented. [L. ornamenturnorno, to adorn.]
worship of Bacchus, distinguished by furious
revelry ; any drunken nocturnal rites or revelry. ornamental
or
or-na-ment'al, adj., serving to adorn
beautify.adv. ornament ally.
[Fr. ; Gr. orgia, secret rites, prob. from ergon,
work, as erdd, to work, also meant, to perform ornamentation, or-na-men-ta'shun, ., act or art of
ornamenting; in arch., ornamental work.
sacred rites ; or from orgi, fury.] ornate, or-nat', adj., ornamented; decorated.adv.
Oriel fl'ri-cl, . lit. an ear; orig. a chamber or ornate'ly..ornate'ness.[L.crIi/^.T,pa.p.irfomo.]
apartment : a window that juts out so as to form Ornithology, or-ni-thol'o-ji, the science of birds.
a small apartment, [old Fr. oriol, corridor; low [Gr. amis, omithos, a bird, logos, science.].
L. oriolum, hall, prob. dim. of L. auris, the ear, ornithologist, one versed in ornithology.
from its projecting ; L. auricula, Fr. oreille.}
Orient, O'ri-ent, adj. lit. rising as the sun ; eastern : ornithological, or-ni-tho-Ioj'ik-al, adj., pertaining
to ornithology.adv. ornltholog'lcally.
shining.n. the part where the sun rises; the ornithomaney, or'nith-o-man-si, or or-nith', n., divin
east. [L. orient, -entis, pr.p. oiorior, to rise.] ation by birds, their flight, &c [Gr. ornis, or-
oriental, 6-ri-ent'al, adj., eastern; pertaining to, nithos, bird, manteia, divination.]
in, or from the east.. a native of the cast.
orientalism, O-ri-ent'al-izm, ., orientaldoctrine, &c. omithorhynchns, or-ni-tho-ringTcus, n. lit. bird-
orientalist, O-ri-ent'al-ist, *., one versed in the snout an
; an animal in Australia, with a body like
otter and a snout like the bill of a duck, also
eastern languages ; an oriental. called Duck-bill. [Gr. ornis, omithos, bird,
Orifice, orl-fis, . something made like a mouth or rhyngchos, snout]
opening. [Fr.L. orificiumos, mouth,facio, Orphan, or'fan, n. a child bereft offather or mother,
to make.] or of both.adj. bereft of parents. [Gr. or-
OrifUmme, ori-flam, n. a little banner of red silk phanos,
with many points streaming like jiames, borne rabh, toakin to L. orbus, bereaved, ratio, Sans.
on a gilt staff, the ancient royal standard of an orphantake away.]orphanage, n., the state of
.* a house for orphans.
France. [Fr., low L. auriftamma, a little Orphean, orTS-an, adj., pertaining to Orpheus, in
bannerL. aurum, gold,Jlamma, a flame.] myth., a poet who had the power of moving
Origan, or'i-gaii, Origanum, o-rig'a-num, n. lit inanimate
mountain pride or beauty ; wild marjoram. Orpiment, or'pi-ment, by objects the music of his lyre.
[Fr. origan, L. origanum, Gr. origanonoros, used for the gala n.or yellow sulphuret of arsenic,
yellow paint called king's
mountain, ganos, pride, beauty.] yellow. [Fr. ; Port, ouropimentoh. auripig-
Origin, or'i-jin, n., t/te rising or first existence of mentumaurum, gold, pigmentum, paint]
anything : that from which anything first pro orpin, or'piu, n. a deep gold or yellow colour.
ceeds ; cause ; derivation. [Fr. origt'neL, origo, orpine, or'pin, n. a plant with gold or purplish-
originisorior, to rise.] rose coloured flowers. [Fr. orpin, same as
original, o-rii'in-al, adj., pertaining to the origin; orpiment.}
first in order or existence : not copied ; not trans Orrery, oi^er-i, n. an apparatus for illustrating, by
lated : having the power to originate, as thought.
n. origin ; first copy : the precise language balls mounted on rods, the size, positions,
used by a writer ; an untranslated tongue.-adv. motions, &c. of the heavenly bodies, [from
originally. [Fr.L. originalisorigo.} the Earl of Orrery, for whom one of the first
originality, o-nj-in-al'it-i, n., Quality or state of was made.]
being original or of originating Ideas. Orris, or^s, . a species ofiris in the south ofEurope,
originate, o-rij'in-at, v.t., to give origin to; to the dried root of which has a smell of violets,
bring into existence.v.i. to have origin ; to used in perfumery, [prob. a corruption of Iris.]
(ate, far; me", her; mine; mOte; mate; mCOn; Men.
353
 Orthodox Ought
Orthodox, or'tho-doks, adj., right in doctrine; pean birds. [L. ossifragus, breaking bonesos,
believing the genuine doctrines taught in Scrip andfrag, root offrmngo,fractum, to break.]
ture: according with Scripture.adv. orthodoxly. ossify, os'si-fi, v.t., to make into bone or into a
[Gr. orthodoxosorthos, right, doxa, opinion bone-like substancev.i. to become bone :
dokeS, to think.] Pr.p. os'sifying ; pa.p. os'sified. [L. ossifico
orthodoxy, or'tho-doks-i, ., soundness of'opinion or os, andfacio, to make.]
doctrine ; belief in the genuine doctrines of ossification, os-si-fi-ka. shun, ., the change or state
Scripture. [Gr. ortkodoxia.] of being changed into a bony substance.
Orthoepy, or'tho-e-pi, oror-th5', n, Ingram., correct ossivorous, os-siv'or-us, adj., devouring or feeding
pronunciation of words. [Gr. orthos, right, e^os, on bones. [L. os, and voro, to devour.]
a word.}adj. orthoep'lcal. or'thocput, one ossuary, os'O-ar-i, n. a place where the bones of the
versed in orthoepy. dead are deposited ; a charnel-house.
Orthogon, or'tho-gon, n. in geom., a figure with all Ostensible, os-ten'si-bl, adj. lit. that may be shram;
its angles right angles. [Gr. orthos, right, gdnia, declared ; apparent.adv. osten sibly.. osten
angle.]adj. orthogonal, rectangular. siblelty. [L. osUndo, ostensum, to shew.]
Orthography, or-thogYa-fi, n. lit. the correct writing ostensive, os-ten'siv, adj., shewing; exhibiting.
of words : in gram., the correct spelling ofwords. adv. oaten'sively.
[Gr.orthogmphiaorthos,xi%nt,graphs,to write] ostentation, os-ten-ta'shun, ., act ofmakinga dis
rthographer, or-thogra-fer, n., one who spells play; ambitious display; boasting. [Fr.L.
words correctly. ostentatioostento, -atum, intcn. ofostendo.)
orthographic, or-'tho-graf'ik, orthographical, or-tho- ostentatious, os-tcn-tS'shus, adj., given to osten
graf'ik-al, adj., pertaining or according to ortho tation ; fond of self-display : intended for display.
graphy ;spclied correctly.adz>.orthographical1y. adv. ostmta'tlouftly.n. octcnta'tlousnesa.
Orthoptera, or-thop'ter-a, n. liu straight wings ; an Osteology, os-te-ot'o-ji, ., the science of the bones,
order of insects with uniform wing-covers that that part of anatomy which treats of the bones.
overlap at the top when shut, under which are [Gr. osteon, bone, logos, science.]us. osteol'oger,
the true wings which fold lengthwise like a fan. osteol ogist, one versed in osteology.
[Gr. orthos, straight, tera, pi. oipteron, wing.] osteological, os-tc-o-loj'ik-al, adj., pertaining to
orthopteroiu, or-thop'ter-us, adj., pertaining to the osteology.adv. ostcologicaJiy.
orthoptera. Ostler, osier, same as Hostler.
Ortolan, or'to-Ian, n. lit. thefrequenter ofgardens ; Ostracise, os'ira-slx, v.t. in ancient Greece, to
a kind of bunting, common in Europe, and con banish by the vote of the people written on a
sidered very delicious food. [Fr. ; It. ortotano shell: to banish from society '.Pr.p. ostracising :
L. hortolanus, belonging to gardenshortulus, pa.p. os'tracIsedU [Gr. ostraJcizoostrakon, a
dim. of hortus, a garden.] shell.]
Oscillate, os'il-lat, v.i., to swing; to move back ostracism, os'tra-sizm, . banishment by ostracising.
wards and forwards : to fluctuate between certain [Gr. ostrakismosostrakisd.}
limits vPr.p. oscillating ; fa.p. oscillated. [L. Ostrich, os'trichj n. lit. the bird; the largest of
oscillo, -atum, to swingoscillum, a swing.]
oscillation, os-il-l5'shun, n., act of oscillating ; a inbirds, found in Africa, remarkable for its speed
running, and prized for its feathers. [Fr.
swinging like a pendulum. [Fr.L. oscillatio.] autruche, old Fr. cstruche, Sp. avestrutL.
oscillatory, os'il-la-tor-i, adj., swinging. avis, bird, struthio, ostrich-Gr. strouthos, little
Osculate, osTtQ-lat, v.t., to kiss: to touch, as two bird, megas strouthos, the large bird, the ostrich.]
curves :pr.p. os'cQlating ; pa.p. os'cfilated.n. Otacoustlc, ot-a-kous'tik, adj., assisting the sense
oscula'tlon. [L. oscular, -atumosculum, a little ofhearing.n. (also otacous'ticon) an instrument
mouth, a kiss, dim. of os, mouth.] to assist the hearing. [Gr. akousticos, relating
osculant, osTtQ-lant, adj. , kissing; adhering closely. to licaringakouo, to hearous, dtos, ear.]
[L. osculans, -antis, pr.p. of oscular.] Otary, O'tar-i, n. a genus of seals distinguished by
ovulatory, osTctl-la-tor-i, adj., of or pertaining to a projecting auricle or external ear. [Gr. {flams,
kissing: mgeom., having the same curvature at large-earedous, an ear.]
the point of contact Other, u/A'er, adj. and pron., different, not the
Oder, O'zhi-er, n. the water-willow, used in making same; additional; second of two. [A.S. other,
baskets.adj. made of or like osiers. [Fr. ; Goth, anthar, Ger. ander, Sans, antara.]
Bret, oxit, aoxil, Gr. oisos, akin to L. vitex.] otherwise, uf/t'tr-wTz, adv., in another way or
oslered, 0 zhi-erd, adj. adorned with willows. manner ; by other causes ; in other respects.
Osmium, oz'mi-um, . a gray-coloured metal found Otter, ot'er, n. lit. the water-animal ; a Urge kind
with platinum, the oxide of which has a disagree of weasel living entirely on fish. [A.S. oter, otor;
able smell, [low L.Gr. osmi, smell.] Ice. otr, akin to uddr, water, Gr. hydra.]
Osnaburg, oz'na-burg, n. a coarse kind of linen, Otto, a
ot/o, Ottar, ot'ar, Attar, at'ar, n. lit. perfume;
fragrant oil obtained from certain flowers, esp.
originally brought from Osnaburg in Germany. the rose. [Ar. itratira, to smell sweet.]
Osprey, Otpray, os'prS, n. lit, bone-breaker; the Ottoman, ot'o-man, adj., pertaining to the Turk
fish-hawk, a species of eagle very common on ish Empire, founded by Othoman about 1300,
the coast of N. America, (corr. from osilfrage.] n. a Turk: a low, stuffed scat without a back*
Osseous, os'e-us, adj., bony ; composed of or resem first used in Turkey.
bling bone. [L. osseusos, ossis, bone.] Ouch, ouch, n. the socket of a precious stone,
ossicle, os't-kl, n., a small bone. [dim. of os.] [old E. nouche; low L. nusca, nochia; old Ger.
ossiferous, os-sif'er-us, adj., producing bone: in nusche.]
geol., containing bones. [L. os, andfero, to bear.]
otslfrage. os'i-fraj, n. lit. the bone-breaker; the sea Ought, same as Aught.
or bald eagle, common in the United States : Ought, nwt, v.i. lit. oived; to be under obligation ;
in B., the bearded vulture, the largest of Euro to be proper or necessary, [pa.t. of Owe.]
fate, far ; mS, her ; mine : mOte ; mute * moon ; then.
 Ounce
Ounce, ouns, ., the twelfth fart of a pound troy ;
T'- of a pound avoirdupois. [A.S. ynce, -fa of a
foot, an inch; Fr. once, It. onciaL. uncia, the
twelfth part of anything.] See Inch.
Ounce, ouns, n. the animal, same as Once.
Our, our, adj. and pron., pertaining or belonging
to us. [A.S. ure, contr. from user, usser, to
us-' . ,
ours, ourr, pron., possessive of We.
ourself, our-self', pron., myself, in the regal style:
pi. ourselves {-sclvz'), we, not others; us.
Ourang-outang, same as Orang-outang.
Ousel, OD'iI, n. lit. the little bird; a kind of thrush,
[A.S. osle, Fr. oiseau, old Fr. oisel, L. avicella,
dim. of avis, a bird.]
Oust, oust, v.t., A? away ; to eject or expel :
Pr.p. oust'ing; Pa.p, oust'ed. [Fr. 6ter, old Fr.
oster, to Like away : variously derived, from Out ;
from L. obstd, to oppose ; and from L. kausto,
freq. of haurio, to take away.]
outer, oust'er, n. in law, ejection ; dispossession.
Out, out, adv., without, not within: gone forth;
abroad : in a state of discovery ; in a state ofex
haustion, extinction, &c. : completely : freely :
forcibly : at a loss : unsheltered ; uncovered.
int. away ! begone I [A.S. ut, Ger. aus.]Out
of course, out of order.Out of hand, instantly.
Outbalance, out-bal'ans, v.t., to more than. balance;
to exceed in weight or effect.
Outbid, out-bid', v.t., to bid beyond; to offer a
higher price.
Outbreak, out/brak, n., a breaking out; eruption.
Outburst, outburst, a bursting out.
Outcast, outcast, adj., cast out; exiled; rejected.
k. a person banished ; an exfle.
Outcry, outTcrl, a crying out; a loud cry ; a cry
of distress ; noise ; clamour.
Outdo, out-ddo7, v.t., to do beyond; to surpass.
Outdoor, out/dor, or -doV, adj., outside the door
or the house ; in the open air.
outdoors, out'durr, adv., out-of-doors ; out of the
house ; abroad.
Outer, cuter, adj., more out or without ; external :
opposed to Inner, [comp. of Out.]
outermost, out'er-mdst, adj., most or furthest out;
most distant, [superl. of Out.]
Outfit, out'fit, afitting out ; an equipment; the
articles or the expenses for Jilting out ; the means
for an outfit.
outfitter, out/fit-er, n., one whofurnishes outfits.
ontfitting, out'fit-ing, an outfit.
Outflank, out-flangk', v.t. to extend the flank of
one army beyond that of another.
Outgeneral, out-jen'er-al, v.t., to outdo in general
ship. [Out, and General]
Outgoing, out'gfi-ing,,., act or state ofgoing out ;
extreme limit ; expenditure.
Outgrow, out-grO', v.t., to grow beyond or surpass
in growth ; to grow out of.
Outhouse, outTious, n. a small building outside a
dwelling-house.
Outlandish, out-land'ish, adj., belonging to an out
orforeign tajtd; foreign ; strange ; rustic, rude,
vulgar. [A.S. utltendisc. Out, and Laud.]
Outlast, out-last7, v.t., to last longer than.
Outlaw, outlaw, n., one out of the protection of the
law ; a robber or bandit.v.t. to place beyond
the law ; to deprive of the benefit of the law ; to
proscribe:^"./*, out'lawing ; Pa.p. outlawed,
outlawry, ourtaw-ri, ., the act of outlawing or
putting a man out of the protection of the law.
fate, far; me, her; mine;
Outward
Outlay, outlfi, that which it laid out; expen
diture.
Outlet, outlet, . the place or means by which any
thing is let out; the passage outward.
Outline, out'lTn, ., the outer or exterior line ; the
lines by which any figure is bounded ; a sketch ;
a draft.v.t. to draw the exterior line of; to
delineate or sketch.
Outlive, out-liv', v.t., to live beyond; to survive.
Outlook, out'look, ., a looking out ; vigilant watch ;
prospect ; the place from which one looks out.
Outlying, out'll-ing, adj., lying out or beyond ;
remote ; on the exterior or frontier.
Outmarch, out-march', v.t., to go beyond in marc/L
ing; to march faster than.
Outmost, emt'most, same as Outermost.
Outnumber, out-num'ber, vJ., to exceed in number.
Outpatient, ourpfi-shent, . a patient who receives
aid from a hospital, but lives outside of it.
Outport, out'pOrt, n., a port remote from the
capital.
Outpost, out'pOst, ., a Post or station without a
camp, or away from the main body of an army :
the troops placed there.
Outpour, out-poV, v.t., toPour out.
outpouring, out'per-ing, ., a pouring out.
Outrage, out/rSj, n. violence beyond measure ; ex
cessive abuse; wanton mischief.v.t. to treat
with excessive abuse ; to injure by violence.
v.t. to be guilty of outrage :pr.p. outraging;
pa.p. outraged. [Fr., ola Fr. oultragc, low L.
ultragium, from ultra, beyond.]
outrageous, out-raj'us, adj., with outrage; exces
sive ; furious ; turbulent : atrocious ; enormous.
adv. outra'geously.n. outra'geousness.
Outreach, out-rech', v.t., to reach or extend beyond.
Outride, out-rid', v.t., to ride beyond; to ride faster
than.
outrider, out/rtd-er, ., one who rides abroad; a ser
vant on horseback who attends a carriage.
Outrigger, out'rig-er, n. a projecting spar for ex
tending sails or any part of the rigging : an ap
paratus fixed to a boat to increase the leverage
of the oar : a boat with this apparatus.
Outright, out'rlt, adv., right out; directly ; imme
diately ; at once ; completely. [to surpass.
Outrival, out-rl'val, v.t. to go beyond in rivalry;
Outroad, out'rOd, n. fobs.) a riding out into an
enemy's country, a hostile attack. [exceed.
Outrun, out-run', v.t., to go beyond in running; to
Outset, out'sct, ., a setting out ; beginning.
Outshine, out-shTn', v.i., to shine out or forth.v.t.
to excel in shining ; to excel.
Outside, out'sld, ., the outer side; the surface ; the
exterior.adj. on the outside ; exterior; super
ficial ; external
Outakirt, out'skert, n., the outer skirt ; border;
suburb :often used in pL
Outspread, out-spred', v.t., to spread out or over.
Outstanding, out-stand'ing, adj., standing out ; un
collected; remaining unpaid.
Outstretch, out-strech', v.t., to stretch or spread
out; to extend.
Outstrip, out-strip', v.t., to go beyond or excel in
stripping; to outrun ; to leave behind.
Outvie, out-vi', v.t., to go beyond in vieing with;
to exceed ; to surpass. [Out, and Vie.]
Outvote, out-vflt', v.t. to defeat by a greater num
ber ofvotes.
Outward, out'ward, adj., towards the outside; ex
ternal ; exterior.adv. also out'wards, to the outer ,
parts ; toward the exterior; to a foreign port.
mSte; mute; mCOn; Men.
3S5
 outwardly oversight
outwardly, outVard-H, adv., in an outward man Overdose, O-ver-dos', v.t., to dose overmuch.
ner ; externally; in appearance. j overdose, O'ver-dfls, n., an excessive dose.
outward-bound, out'ward-bound, adj., bound out Overdraw, o-ver-draw', v.t., to draw overmuch ; to
wards or to a foreign port. draw beyond one's credit ; to exaggerate.
Outweigh, out-wit', vJ., to exceed in weight or Overdue, O-ver-du', adj., due beyond the tune.
importance. [than. Overestimate, 6-ver-es tim-at, v.t., to estimate over
Outwent, out-went', v.t. in New Test., went faster much.n. an excessive estimate.
Outwit, out-wit*, v.t., to surpass in wit or ingenu Overflow, o-ver-flO', v.t., toflow over; to flood : to
ity ; to defeat by superior ingenuity :pr.p. out- overwhelm ; to cover, as with numbers.v.i. to
witt'ing ; pa.p. outwitt'ed. run over ; to abound.
Outwork, outVurk, ., a work outside the principal overflow, O'ver-flO, ., a flowing over, an inunda
wall or line of fortification. tion ; superabundance.
Oral, (i'val, adj., having the shape of an egg.n. overflowing, O-ver-flfl'ing, adj., flowing over ;
abundant.n. abundance ; copiousness.
anything oval ; an ellipse.adv. o'vaily. [Fr. Overgrow, 6-ver-grO', v.t., to grow over or beyond;
ovale, from L. ovum, an egg.] See Egg. to rise above; to cover with growth.v.i. to
orary, o'var-i, n. the part of the female animal in grow
which the egg of the offspring is formed : Overhang,beyond the proper size.
in hot., the part of the pistil which contains the ject overo-ver-hang', v.t., to hang over; to pro
; to impend.v.i. to hang over.
seed, [low L. ovarium.\ Overhaul, 5-ver-hawl', v.t., to haul or draw over;
various, O-va'ri-us, adj., consisting ofeggs. to turn over for examination ; to examine ; to re
orate, O'vat, orated, O'vat-ed, adj., egg-shaped. examine ; naut., to overtake.
Oration, O-vS'shun, n. in ancient Rome, a lesser overhaul, o'vcr-hawl, a hauling over; examina
triumph in which sheep were sacrificed instead of tion ; repair.
bullocks as in the greater : an outburst ofpopular Overhead, O-ver-hed', adv., over the head; aloft ; in
applause. [Fr., L. ovatioovo, ovaturn, to cele the zenith.
brate a triumph, from ovis, a sheep : or from Overhear, O-vdr-her', v.t., to hear what was not in
evce, a shout of exultation and triumph.] tended to be heard ; to hear by accident [Over,
Oven, uv'n, n. an arched cavity over afire forbaking, and Hear.]
heating, ordrying ; any apparatus used as an oven. Overjoy, O-ver-joy*, v.t. to fill with great joy; to
[A.S. and Gcr. ofen. Ice. ofn, Goth, auhns, conn, transport with delight or gladness.
with L. ignis, Sans, agnt, fire.] overjoy, O'ver-joy, n.,joy to excess; transport.
Over, o'viT,prep. lit. upper; above ; across; on the Overland, G'ver-land, adj. passing by or over land.
surface of; upon the whole surface of; through. Overlap, O-ver-lap', v.t., to lap over.
adv. above ; across ; from one to another ; from Overlay, C-ver-la' v.t., to lay over; to spread over;
one country to another ; above in measure ; too to cover completely ; to smother ; to cloud.
much ; to excess ; completely.adj. upper ; be Overleap, C-vcr-lep', v.t., to leap over.
yond ; past. [A.S. our, Ice. yjir, Goth, ufar, Overleaven, 0-ver-lev'n, v.t., to leaven too much;
Ger. Uber, L. super, Gr. huper, Sans, upari.] to mix too much with.
Overact, o-vex-akt', v.t,, to act over-much or to ex Overlie, O-ver-lT', v.t., to lie over or upon.
cess.v.i. to act more than is necessary. Overlive, O-ver-liv', v.t. in B., to outlive ; to survive.
Overalls, o'vcr-awlz, n. loose trousers worn over Overload, 6-ver-loa1', v.t., to load or fill overmuch.
all the other dress. Overlook, O-ver-look', v.t., to look over; to be higher ;
Overarch, O-ver-arch', v.t., to arch over. to inspect : to neglect by carelessness or inad
Overawe, O-ver-aw', v.t. to have awe over; to have vertence ; to pass by indulgently ; to pardon ; to
superior influence. slight.
Overbalance, o-ver-barans, v.t., to more than Bal Overmatch, 5-ver-mach', v.t., to be more than a
ance; to exceed in weight, value, or importance. matchfor; to conquer.n. o'vermatch, one who
n. overbalance, excess of weight or value. is more than a match.
Overbear, o-ver-baY, v.t., to bear over or down ; to Overmuch, O-vir-much', adj. and adv., too much.
overpower ; to overwhelm. Overpass, o-ver-pas', v.t., to pass over :P<i.p. in
overbearing, O-ver-baVing, adj., bearing down; B., Overpast'.
haughty and dogmatical ; imperious. Overpay, O-vcr-pa', v.t., to pay over too much.
Overboard, o'ver-bord, adv., over the board or side; Overplus, O'vcr-plus, n. that which is more than
from on board ; out of a ship. enough ; surplus. [Over, and L. plus, more.]
Overburden, 6-ver-bur'dn, v.t., to burden overmuch. Overpower, O-ver-pow'er, v.t. to have or gain
Overcast, O-ver-kast/, v.t., to cast over; to cloud; Power over; to subdue:pr.p. Overpow'enng \
to cover with gloom : to compute at too high a pa.p. Overpow'ered.
rate ; to sew over slightly. Overrate, o-ver-rat', v. t. , to rate overmuch.
Overcharge, 6-ver-charj', v.t., to charge overmuch; Overreach, o-ver-rech', v.t., to reach or extend
to load with too great a charge : to charge too beyond; to cheat.v.i. to strike the hind-foot
much.n. o'vercharge, an excessive load or against the fore-foot, as a horse.
burden ; an excessive charge. Overrule, 0-ver-rOoT, v.t., to rule over; to influence
Overcloud, O-ver-kloud', v.t. to cover over with by greater power: in law, to supersede.
clouds. Overrun, o-vcr-run', v.t., to rim or spread over ; to
Overcoat, 3'ver-kfit, a coat'over'all the other dress. grow over ; to spread over and take possession
Overcome, O-ver-kum, v.t., to come over ox upon; of: in B., to outrun.v.i. to run over.
to get the better of; to conquer or subdue. Oversee, O'vcr-sc", v.t., to see or look over; to super
v.i. to be victorious. intend.
Overdo, 0-vex-do7/, v.t., to do overmuch; to harass, overseer, o-ver-sC'er, n., one who oversees ; a super
to fatigue ; to cook too much. intendent ; an officer who has the care of the poor.
overdone, o-ver-dun', adj., too much done; over oversight, O'vcr-slt, n. orig. superintendence ; a fail
acted ; fatigued : cooked too much. ing to notice ; mistake ; omission.
fate, far ; mS, her ; mine ; mote ; mute ; mOOn ; Men.
356
 Overset
Overset, O-ver-set', v.t. , to set or turn <wr; to upset ;
to overthrow.v.i. to turn or be turned over.
Overshadow, G-ver-shad'fl, v.t,, to throw a shadow
over', to shelter or protect.
Overshoot, 0-vcr-shCOt', v.t., toshootoverox beyond,
as a mark ; to pass swiftly over.v.i. to shoot or
fly beyond the mark.
Oversight. See under Oversee.
Overspread. O-ver-sprcd'. v.t., to spread over; to
scatter over.v. i. to be spread over.
Overstate, O-ver-stit', v.t., to state over or above :
to exaggerate.. overstatement.
Ovennep, fl-ver-step', v.t. lit. tostepoverox beyond;
to exceed.
Overstock, O-ver-stok', v.t., to stock overmuch; to
fill too full.O-ver-strun', v.t. or ., to strain or
Overstrain.
stretch toofar.
Overt, O'vert, adj., uncoi'ered, opened; open to
view ; public ; apparent.adv. o'vertly. [Pr.
ouvert, pa.p. of ouvrir, to open, prob. from old
Fr. a-ovrir, adubrir, from L. de-operio, to un
coverde=zun, and oferio, to cover.]
overture, O'ver-tur, . ong. an opening, disclosure ;
a proposal ; in music, a piece introductory to a
greater piece or balletv.t. to lay an overture
or proposal before. [Fr. ouverture.\
Overtake, O-ver-taV, v.t, to take a person that is
over or before one ; to come up with ; to catch ;
to come5-ver-task',
upon.
Overtask, v.t., to task overmuch; to
impose too heavy a task on.
Overtax, 5-vcr-taks, v.t., to tax overmuch.
Overthrow, 0-ver-thrO', v.t., to throw or turn over;
to upset ; to bring to an end ; to demolish ; to
defeat utterly.n. o'verthrow, act of overthrow
ing or state of being overthrown ; ruin ; defeat.
Overtop, o-ver-top', v.t. to rise over the top of; to
surpass ; to obscure.
Overtrade, O-ver-trad', v.i., to trade overmuch or
beyond capital.
Overtore. See under Overt.
Overturn, C-vcT-turn', v.t., to turn over; to throw
from the foundation ; to overpower.n. overturn,
state of being overturned.
Overvalue, 0-ver-val'O, v.t., to value overmuch.
Overweening, 0-ver-wn'ing, adj., weeningor think
ing too highly ; conceited ; vain.
Overwelgh, O-ver-wa', vd.t to weigh over; to out
weigh. O-ver-wSt', n., overmuch weight.
overweight,
Overwhelm. O-vcr-hwelm', v.t., to whelm or turn
over; to overspread and crush by something
heavy or strong ; to immerse and bear down ; to
overcome.
Ovenrlse, o-ver-wTz*, adj., wise overmuch or to
affectation.adv.
Overwork, O-ver-wurk',overwise'ly.
v.t. and l., to work over
much or beyond the strength ; to tire.n. o'ver-
wora, excess ofwork; excessive labour.
Overworn, C-ver-wOrn', adj., too much worn ; worn
out ; subdued by toil ; spoiled by use.
Overwrought, fl-vcr-rawt',/a./. ofOverwork, wrought
overmuch ; worked all over.
Ovlferous, 0-viFer-us, adj., egg-bearing. [L. ovum,
egg, andfero,
O'vi-form,toadj.,
bear.]having theform ofan oval
oviform,
or egg. [L. ovum, egg, and Form.]
oviparous, O-vip'a-rus, adj., bringingforth eggs.
[L. ovum, egg, and part'o, to bring forth.]
ovoid, O-void', ovoldal, O-void'al, adj., oval or egg-
shaped. [L. ovum, egg, and Gr. eidos, form.]
fate, far; mc, her; mine ;
Ozone
Owe, 3, v.t. orig. topossess; to possess what belongs
to another ; to be bound to pay ; to be obliged
for :pr.p. Owing; pa.p. Owed'. [A.S. agart.
Ice. eiga, old Ger. eigan, to possess.]
owing, 3'ing, adj. due ; ascribable to ; imputable to.
Own, On, v.t., to possess; to have a rightful title
to ; to admit as belonging to ; to acknowledge :
Pr.p. Own'ing ; Pa.p. Owned'. [A.S. agan.}
own. On, adj., possessed; belonging to; peculiar.
[A.S. agen, pa.p. of agan.]
owner, Oner, n., one who owns or possesses. ,
ownership.
Owl, owl, n. a nocturnal carnivorous bird, noted
for its howling or hooting noise, [from the sound.J
owlet, owl'ct, n., a little owl. [dim. of Owl.J
owlish, owl ish, adj., like an owl.
Own. See under Owe.
Ox, oks, n. a ruminant quadruped of the bovine
family ; the male of the cow, esp. when castrated.
pi. oxen, oks'n, used for both male and female.
[A.S. oxa; Ice., Sw.f and Dan. oxe; Ger. ochs ;
Goth, auhsa; Sans, ukshan. ]
ox-eye, oks'-I, n. a common plant in meadows, so
called because its flower is like the eye of an ox.
ox-eyed, oks'-Id, adj. having large full eyes like
those of an ox.
ox-ay, oks'-fll, n. a fly hatched under the skin of
oxen.
Oxalis, oks'a-Iis, n. \rood-sorrel: in hot., a genus of
plants having an acidtaste. [Gr., from oxys, acid.]
oxalic, oks-al'ik, adj., obtainedfrom sorrel.
Oxide, &c. See under Oxygen.
Oxygen, oks'i-jen, n. lit. that whichgenerates acids;
a gas without taste, colour, or smell, forming
part of the air, water, &c. and supporting life
and combustion, [from Gr. oxys, sharp, acid,
and genna$, to generate.]
oxygenate, oks'ij-en-at, v.t., to unite or cause to
unite with oxygen :pr.jp. ox'ygenating ; Pa.p.
ox'ygenated.n.oxygena'tlon, act ofoxygenating.
oxygenlse, oks'ij-en-Tz, same as oxygenate.
oxygenous, oks-ij'en-us, adj., pertaining to or ob
tained from oxygen.
oxide, oks'Id, n. a compound of oxygen and a base
destitute of acid properties.
oxidise, oks'id-Tz, v.t., to convert into an oxide.
v.i. to become an oxide :Pr.p. oxidising ; pa.p.
oxidised.n. oxidizer.
oxidisable, oks-id-Iz'a-bl, adj., capable of being
oxidised.oks-id-a'shun, oxldlMment, oks-id-Tz'ment,
oxidation,
n., act or process ofoxidising.
Cxymel, oks'i-mel, n. lit. sour honey; a mixture of
vinegar and honey. [Gr. oxys, sour, melt, honey.]
Oxytone, oksl-tOn, adj., having an acute sound;
having the acute accent on the last syllable. [Gr.
oxys, sharp, and tonos, tone, accent]
Oyer, 6'yer, n. lit a hearing: in law, a commission
which confers the power of hearing and deter
mining treasons, &c. [Norm. ; Fr. ouir, L.
oyer, oyes, toO'yes,
audire, hear.]int. lit. hearye; the introductory
call of a public crier for attention. [Fr., ad pcrs.
pi. imperative of oulr.]
Oyster, ois'ter, n. a well-known bivalve shell-ftsh.
[A.S. ostre; L. ostrea ; Gr. ostreon, an oyster,
akin to osteon, a bone, and ostrakon, burned
clay, a shell.]
Ozone, O'zOn, . a substance of at present unknown
nature, perceived by its smell in air after electric
discharges. [Gr. ozd, to smell.]
mOte ; mute ; mGon ; Men.
357
 Pabulum pageantry
paction, pak'shun, . , that which isfixedor settled ;
P a contract or agreement.
Pad, pad, n.p a path: a thief on the public path
Pabulum, pal/fl-lum, n.,food ; provendei : fueL [L. or road : an easy-paced horse.v. i. to walk
on foot : to rob on foot '.pr.p. padd'ing ; Pa.p.
pasco, to feed.] See Paitor. padd'ed. [Ger. pfad. See Path.]
pabular, pab'u-lar, adj., pertaining tofood.
Pace, pas, n. lit. a stretching out of the feet in Pad,a soft pad, n. anything stuffed with a soft material ;
saddle, cushion, &c ; a package of some
walking ; a step ; space between the feet in walk soft material for writing upon.v.t. to stuff with
ing, 2$ feet : gait : degree of quickness : mode anything soft : to fix colours in cloth :pr.p.
of stepping in horses in which the legs on the padd'ing ; Pa.p. padd'ed, [perh. conn, with Wad. ]
same side are lifted together; amble.v.t. to
measure by steps ; to cause to progress : to regu padding, pad'ing, n. the soft stuffing of a saddle,
late in motion.v.i. to walk; to walk slowly: Paddle, padl, v.i. toused
&c ; the material for stuffing saddles, &C.
dabble in water with the
to amble 1Pr.p. pacing ; Pa.p. paced'. [Fr. Pas, feet; to finger: to beat the water as with the
L. passuspanda, Possum, to stretch.]
pacer, paster, n., onewhopaces; an easy-pacedhorse. feet, to row.v. t. to move with an oar or paddle :
Pacha, pa-shaw'or pa'sha, n. lit. powerful king; a short -Pr.p. paddling ; pa.p. paddled.n, a broad,
Turkish viceroy, or governor ofa province or city. an oaroar, used for moving canoes ; the blade of
; one of the boards at the circumference
[Per. dosha, pasha, governor of a province, corr. of a paddle-wheel : in B. . a little spade. [ Fr. pat-
of badskahPad, powerful, and shah, king.] rouillerpatte, Ger. Pfote. L. pes, pedis, Gr.
pachallc, pa-shawllk, ., the jurisdiction of a Pous, Podos, foot : or from Gael, spado/, a short
Pacha. oar; Scot, pottle; prob. a dim. of 8pada.]
Pachyderm, pak'i-derm, n. one of an order of non- paddle-wheel, padl-whel, n. the wheel used in
ruminant, hoofed mammals, distinguished for the Paddling or propelling steam-vessels.
thickness of their skin, as the elephant. [Gr. Paddock, pad'uk, n. a toad or frog. [Ice. paddo ;
pachys, thick, and derma, skin.] It. botta, old Fr. bottc]
pachydermatous, pak-i-derm a-tus, adj.. relating to paddock-stool, pad'uk-stCol, n. a toad-stool
a pachyderm, or of the order of pachyderms. Paddock, pad'uk, a small park under pasture,
Pacify, pasl-fT, v.t., to make peaceful; to appease ; immediately
to calm ; to soothe '-Pr.p. pacifying ; pa.p. pac'i- [A.S. Pearrvc,adjoining a park.]
the stables of a domain.
fied. [L. PacificoPajc, Pacts, peace, tyadfacio, Padlock, padlok, n. a lock for a gate opening into
to make.] See Puce.
pacific, pa-sifik, adj., peace~making; appeasing; aa pad or path ; a lock with a link to pass through
staple or eye.v.t. to fasten with a padlock,
mild ; tranquil.n. the ocean between Asia and [perh. from A.S. pood, a path, and Lock : acc. to
America, so called because found peaceful by its Wedgwood, a lock hanging like a clog to an
discoverer Magellan, after weathering Cape animal's footlow L. pedana, a clogL. pes,
Horn.adv. pacifically. pedis, the foot.]
pacification, pas-if-i-ka'shun, n., the act ofmaking Pasan, pCan, n. orig. a song in honour of Apollo ; .1
Peace betweenparties at variance. song of triumph, [L. ; Gr, paian, an epithet of
pacificator, pa-sifi-kfi-tor, or pas', pacifier, paYi-fl-er, Apollo.]
a peace-maker.
Pack, pak, n. lit. that which is bound up together; Pxdobaptiim, pa-dCS-bap'tizm, . See Pedobaptlsm.
a bundle ; a burden : a complete number ofcards ; Pagan, pagan, n. lit. a countryman ; a heathen.
a number of hounds hunting, or kept together ; a countrypagus, [L.
adj. heathen, Paganus, belonging to the
a district bound together as a
number of persons combined for bad purposes ; wholepango,
any great number.v.t. to press together and paganish, pa'gan-ish, adj. See to fix. Pack.]
heathenish.
fasten up ; to place in close order : to select per paganism, pa gan-izm, n. heathenism.
sons for some unjust object '.Pr.p. packing ;
fa.p. packed'. [Ger. pack ; packen, to pack ; It. paganise, pi* gan-Ir, v.t., to render Pagan or
Pacco, a bundle; L. Pango, pactum, Gr. Pegnuo", heathen ; to convert to paganism :pr.p, pi'-
ganTsing ; Pa.p. paganised.
to fasten, from root Pag, Sans, paf, to bind ]
package, pak'Sj, ., somethingpacked; a bundle or Page, paj, n. a boy attending on a person of dis
tinction. [Fr. ; iLfaggio; low h.pagiusGr.
bale : charge made for packing. Paidion, dim. ofPais, paidos, a boy.]
packer, pak'er, ., one who packs goods.
packet, pak'et, a small package; orig. a de Page, paj, . orig. a leaf of a book, so called
spatch vessel, so called from its carrying the because leaves were fastened together to form
packets of letters ; a vessel plying regularly be a book ; one side of a leaf.pL writings.v.t.
tween ports.v.t. to bind in a packet or parcel : to number the pages of:pr.p. paging; Pa.p.
Pr.p. pack'eting; pa.p. packeted. paged'. [L. pagina, the thing fastened;pag,
pack-horse, pak'-hors, n. a horse for carrying packs pagination,root ofPago, pango, to fasten. See Pack.]
or baggage. paj-i-na/shun, n. the act ofpaging a book;
packing, paklng, ., the act ofputting in packs or the figures that indicate the number of pages.
tying up for carriage : material for packing. Pageant, paj'ant, or pa', n. orig. a scaffold for the
packman, pak'man, n. a pedlar or man who purpose of scenic exhibition ; a showy exhibi
carries a pack. tion ; a spectacle : a fleeting show.adj. showy;
pack-saddle, pak'-sad-l, n. a saddle for packs or pompous, [prob. from L. Pegma, a machine in
burdens. the theatre which moved of itself, and by which
packthread, pak'thred, n., thread used in packing. the players were suddenly raised = Gr. pegma,
Pact, pakt, h., that which is fixed or agreed on ; anything fastenedpignut, to fasten. See Pack.]
a contract. [L. pactumpaciscor, to make a pageantry, paj'an-tri, n. ostentatious display ; pomp
contractSans, root paf, to bind.] ous exhibition or spectacle.
fate, far ; me, her ; mine ; mote ; mute ; mCOn ; Men.
 Pagination
See under Page.
Pagoda, pa-gu'da, ., an idol-house ; an Indian idol;
its temple. [Pers. put, idol, gada, house. J
Paid, pad, >**./. and pa.p. of Pay.
Paideutics, pa-dQ'tiks, H.Ming., the science or theory
ofteaching-. [Gr. paidtutikipaideuj, to teach
pais, paidos, a child.]
Pall, pal, . an open vessel of wood, &c. for holding
or carrying liquids. [Sp. paila, a basin ; It.
Padella, L. patella, a panpateo, to be open.]
pailful, pal'fool, n., as much asfills a pail.
Paillasse, pal-yas' = Palllane. See Pallet, a bed.
Pain, pan, n. lit. that which purifies; a penalty;
bodily suffering ; anguish :pi. labour : trie throes
of childbirth.v.t. to distress; to torment: to
grieve 'Pr.p. pain'ing; pa.p. pained'. [A.S.
pin, Ice. pina, Fr. peine, L. parna, Gr. point,
punishmentSans, root /, to purify.]
pained, p3nd. adj. in B., in pain, in labour,
painful, pan'fool, adj., full oj'pain ; causing pain ;
distressing ; difficult.adv. painfully.. peln'-
fulneaa.
painless, panics, adj. , withoutpain.
painstaker, panr/tak-er, one w/io takes pains;
a laborious person,
painstaking, panz'tak-ing, adj., taking pains or
care; laborious; diligent.n. labour; diligence.
Paint, pant, v.t., to colour: to represent in colours :
to describe.v.t. to practise painting ; to lay
colours on the face :pr.p. paint ing ; pa.p.
paint ed.n. a colouring substance, [old Fr.
paindre, paint, L. pingo, pictum, to paint, Gr.
poikolos, variegated. Sans, pinj, to colour.]
painter, pant'er, n, one whose employment is to
paint on colours ; one skilled in painting,
painting, pant ing, w. the act or employment of
laying on colours ; the act of representing objects
by colours ; a picture : vivid description in words.
Painter, pint'er, n. a rope used to fasten a boat to
anything, [?]
Pair, par, n. two things equal, or suited to each
other, or used together ; a couple ; a man and
his wife.v.t. to join in couples.v.t. to be
joined in couples ; to fit as a counterpart :Pr.P.
pair ing ; pa.p. paired'. i-Fr. paire, a coupleL.
Par, equal.]Pair off, to go offin pairs; to make
an arrangement with one of an opposite
by which the votes of both are withheld,
dace, pal as. n.m. a royal house ; a
splendid. (Fr.'. Palais ; L. Palatium, one of the
seven hills on 1which Rome was built, and where
Augustus had his residence.]
palatial, pa-la'sht-al, adj., pertaining to a Palace;
royal ; magnificent,
palatine, pala-tln, adj., Pertaining to a Palace,
originally applied to officers of the royal house
hold ; possessing royal privileges.n. a noble
invested with royal privileges ; a subject of a
palatinate.Coun ty palatine, a county in which
the proprietor possessed royal rights, &c.
datinate, pal-at in-at, ., province ofa palati*
Palanquin, Palankeen, pal-an-kcn', n. a light covered
carriage used in China, &c. for a single person,
and borne on the shoulders of men. [Javanese
palangki; Hind, palki.)
Palate), pal'at, n. the roof of the mouth touched
by the food: taste ; relish. [L. palatum, prob.
akin to Sans, root pal =pa, to feed.]
palatable, pal'at-ab), adj., agreeable to the palate
or taste ; savoury.adv. pal atably,
palatal, pal'at-al, adj., pertaining to the palate;
fate, far; m, her; mine;
Pall
uttered by aid of the palate.n. a letter pro
nounced chiefly by the aid of the palate.
Palatial, Palatine, &c. See under Palace.
Pale, pal, that which is fixed ; a narrow piece
of wood used in enclosing grounds; anything
that encloses: any enclosure: limit; district.
v.t. to enclose with stakes ; to encompass :
Pr.p. pal'ing ; Pa.p. paled'. [A.S. falL. palus,
a stake, for pagIusroot pag, to tix. See Pack.]
paling, paling, n%, pales in general ; a fence of
pales : an enclosure.
palisade, pal-i-sad', n. a fence of pointed Pales or
stakes set in the ground.v.t. to surround with
a palisade :pr.p. palisading ; >./*. palis&d'ed.
[Fr. palissade, from L. palus, a stake.]
Pale, pal, adj. lit. gray; not ruddy or fresh of
colour; wan; of a faint lustre; dim.v.t.f to
make pale.v.t. to turn pale :pr.p. paling ;
Pa.p. paled'.adv. palely.n. pale new. [Fr. :
L. pallidus ; akin to Gr. pellos, dusky, and Sans.
patita, gray.]
palish, palish, adj., somewhat pale or wan.
pallid, palld. adj., pale; having little colour; wan.
adv. pallidly.n. pallidness.
pallor, pal'or, ., quality or state of being pallid
ox pale; paleness. [L.]
Paleography, pa-Ie-og'ra-n, n., study of ancient
writings and modes of writing. [Gr. palaios,
ancient, and graphd, to write.]
Paleology, pfi-le-ol'o-ji, n., a discourse or treatisu
on antiquities; archaeology.n. paleol'ogist.
[Gr. palaios, ancient, and logos, discourse.]
Paleontology, pa-le-on-tol'o-ji, n., a discourse on
ancient creatures ; science of fossils.adj. pale-
ontologlcal.. paleontologist. [Gr. palaios,
ancient, 6n, antes, being, logos, discourse.]
Palestra, pa-les'tra, m., a wrestling school. [Gr.
palaistrapale, wrestling.]
palestric, pa-leVtrik, palestrical, pa-les'trik-al, adj..
Pertaining to wrestling.
Paletot, pal'e-to, n. a loose overcoat. [Fr., from
L. paila, a long upper garment, and toque, a
cap, and so = a hooded coat.]
Palette, pal'et, n. lit. a spade; a little oval board
on which a painter mixes his colours. [Fr. ; It.
paletto-L. Pala, a spade.]
Palfrey, pal'fri, n. lit. a beside or extra horse ; a
saddle-horse; a small horse for a lady. [Fr./W*-
Jroi; It.pala/reno; low L. parafrcdusprob. Gr.
para, beside, and veredus. a post-horse, contr.
from veho, to carry! and rheda, a carriage.]
Palimpsest, pal'iaip-sest, n. a manuscript which has
been written upon twice, the first writing having
been rubbed off to make room for the second.
[Gr. palimpsestos, rubbed a second Umcpalin,
again, and /sin, to rub away.]
Palindrome, palln-drOm, n. lit. a running back ; a
word, or sentence that reads the same either
backward or forward, as madam. [Gr. paIin-
dromiapalin, back, and dramas, a running-]
Paling. See under Pale, n.
Palinode, palm-ad, n., a song recanted; a sonsf or
poem retracting a former one: a recantation.
[Gr. palin, back, and Ode, a song.] See Ode.
Palisade. See under Pale, n.
Palish. See under Pale, adj.
Pall, pawl, ., a cloak or mantle ; a kind of scarf
worn by the Pope, and sent by him to arch
bishops; the cloth over a coffin at a funeral:
[A. S. pall; II pallia; L. pallium.]
mOte ; mute; moon; then.
359
 palliate
palliate, pall-at, v. t. orig. to cover with a fall or
dress ; to excuse ; to soften by favourable repre
sentations:fr.p. palliating ; fa.fi. pall'iatcd.
[low L. fiallio, falhatumL. pallium.}
palliation, pal-i-a'shun, n., act of palliating or
excusing ; extenuation ; mitigation.
palliative, pal'i-a-tiv, adj., serving to palliate or
extenuate ; mitigating.
Pall, pawl, v.i. lit to fail; to become vapid; to
lose strength, life, spirit, or taste.v.t. to make
vapid or insipid ; to dispirit or depress ; to cloy :
--pr.fi. pall'ing ; Pa.p. palled'. [W. fiallu, to
fail, pall, loss of energy, failure.]
Palladium, pal-15'di-um, n. lit. a statue of Pallas,
on the preservation of which the safety ofancient
Troy was supposed to depend ; any safeguard ; a
rare metal found with platinum. [L. ; Gr. falla-
dionPallas, Pallados, Pallas or Minerva.]
Pallet, pal'et, n. lit. a spade; a palette ; the shap
ing tool used by potters ; an instrument for
spreading gold-leaf, [same as Palette.].
Pallet, pal'et, Palliasse, pal-yas', n. a small bed,
orig. made of chaffcx straw : an under mattress
of straw. [Fr. paillasse, from faille, straw, L.
falea, chaff: or from Gael, feall, a skin, pallet,]
Palliate, &c See under Pall, n.
Pallid. See under Pale, adj.
Pall-mall, pcl-mel', . a game, now disused, in
which a ball was driven through an iron ring
with a mallet; the mallet so used; a street in
London where the game used to be played, [old
Fr. palemail; It. fiallamagliofiaita, balla, a
ball, and maglio, a mall.] Sec Ball, and Mali.
Pallor. Sec under Pale, adj.
Palm, pam, n. the inner part ofthe hand ; a tropical
branchless tree of many varieties, bearing at the
summit large leaves like the palm borne in token
of victory or rejoicing ; fig. triumph or victory-
v.t. to stroke with the palm or hand : to conceal
in the palm of the hand ; to impose by fraud :
fr.f. palm'ing; fa.p. palmed'. [Fr. Palme, L.
/alma, Gr. fialame.]
palmate, pal'mat, palmated, pal'm3t-edf adj.,shaped
like the fialm of the hand : entirely webbed, as
feet. [h.falmatus.]
palmer, pam er, n. a pilgrim from the Holy Land,
distinguished by his carrying a branch ofpaint.
palmer-worm, pam'er-wurm, . a hairy "worm which
wanders like a Palmer, devouring leaves, &c.
palm-house, pam'-hous, n. a glass house for raising
palms and other tropical plants.
palmiped, pal'mi-ped, adj. lit. palm-footed ; web-
footed.n. a web-footed or swimming bird. [L.
falma, palm of the hand, and/,pedis, the foot.]
palmlster, pal'mis-ter, n. one who tells fortunes by
the lines of the palm of the hand.. palmistry.
Palm-Sunday, pam'-sun-da, ft. the Sunday before
Easter, the day our Saviour entered Jerusalem,
when palm branches were strewed in his way.
palmy, pam'i, adj., bearing faints; flourishing;
victorious.
Palpable, pal'pa-bl, adj., that can be touched or
felt ; readily perceived ; obvious ; gross.adv.
palpably. [Fr. ; h.fiatfiabilisfiatfio.fialfiatum,
to touch softly.]
palpability, pal-pa-bil'i-ti, palpablenees, pal'pa-bl-nes,
. , quality ofbeingpalpable ; obviousness,
palpitate, palpi-tat, v.t., to move often and quickly;
to beat rapidly ; to throb :fir.fi. palpitating ;
pa.f. pal'pitated. [L. palpito, -atumfialfio.}
palpitation, pal-pi-ta'shun, ., act ofpalpitating : a
fate, far ; me, her ; mTne ;
3&>
Pandour
disease of the heart, characterised by forcible
pulsations.
Palsy, pawl'zi, . a contr. ofParalysis.v.t. to affect
with palsy ; to deprive of action or energy ; to
paralyse :fr.fi. pai'sying ; pa.f. pal'sied.
Palter. See under Paltry.
Paltry, pawl'tri, adj. lit. in rags and tatters; mean ;
vile ; worthless-adv. 4 pal'trily.h. pal'trlnes*.
[low Ger, faltrig, from falte, a rag, tatter ; Sw.
falta; Scot, faitrie, trash; Ice. fialtra, rags.]
palter, pawl'ter, v.t., to act in a fialtry or insincere
manner; to trifle; to dodge:fr.fi. pal'tcring ;
fa.f. pal'tered. ,
Falndal, pal-u'dal, adj., feriaining to marshes;
marshy, [from L. fains,fialudis, a marsh : from
Gr. piles, mud, and ud, root of Gr. hyddr, L.
unda, water, E. Water, Wet.]
palndinons, pal-u'din-us, adj., belonging to or pro
duced in marshes.
Pampas, pam'paz, n.fil. vast plains in S. America.
[Peruvian, fiamfia, a field, plain.]
Pamper, pam'per, v.t. to feed luxuriously or to the
full ; to glut :-fir.fi. pam'pering ;pa.p. pampered.
n. pam'perer. [usually given from old Fr. fiam-
frer, from fiamfire, a leafy vine-branch, L.fiam-
finus, a vine-leaf, but perhaps from famf, a
nasalised form of Pap.]
Pamphlet, pam'flet, n. a small book consisting of
one or more sheets, stitched together, [from Sp.
fiaficleta, slip of paper; or h.fiagina fitata,
threaded page : also given from Fr. far unjilci,
(stitched} by a thread.]
pamphleteer, pam-flet-eV, n. , a writeroffamfhlets.
pamphleteering, pam-flct-er'ing, adj., writingfiam-
fhlets.n. the writing of pamphlets.
Pan, pan, n. a broad shallow vessel for domestic
use ; the part of a fire-lock which holds the
priming. [A.S.fanne, Ice.fianna, Ger. fifanne.)
pancake, pan'kak, n. a thin cake of eggs, flour,
sugar, and milk fried in a fan.
Panacea, pan-a-se'a, n. an all-Jtcaling remedy ; a
universal medicine. [Gr. fanakeiafas, fan,
all, and akeomai, to heal.]
Pancreas, pan'kre-as, n. Ht. allflesh ; a fleshy gland
situated under and behind the stomach, secret
ing a saliva-like fluid which assists digestion in
the intestines.adj. pancreat'ic, feriaining to
thefancreas. [Gr.fas, fan, all, and kreas, flesh.)
Pandect, pan'dekt, n. a treatise containing the
whole of any science : in //. the digest of Roman
or civil law made by command of the emperor
Justinian. [L. fiandectes, from Gr. fias,fan, alL
and dechomai, to take, receive.]
Pandemonium, pan-de-mOni-um, n., theflace ofall
the demons; the great hall of demons or evil
spirits, mentioned by Milton. [Gr. fas, fan, all,
and daimdn, a demon.]
Pander, pan'der, w. one who procures for another
the gratification of his passions; a pimp.v.t.
to play the pander for.v.i. to act as a pander ;
to minister to the passions :pr.p. pandering;
fa.f. pan'dered. [from Pandarus, the pimp in
the story of Troilus and Cressida.]
panderage, pan'der-aj, panderlsm, pan'der-irm,
act, employment, or vices ofa pander.
Pandit, pan'dit, n. a learned Brahmin ; a pundit.
[Sans, fandita, a learned man.]
Pandonr, pan'doTSr, n. a Hungarian foot-soldier in
the Austrian service, [from Pandur} a village
in Hungary, where they were orig. raised.]
mOte ; mute ; mCOn ; Men.
 Fane
Puis, pan, n, a patch, csp. in variegated work; a
plate of glass. [A.S. Pan, apiece, plait, or hem ;
Fr. Pan, a lappet, pane : L.pannus, a cloth, akin
to Gr. pinos, thread : or from L. pagina, a page. ]
named, pand, adj., composed of panes or small
squares ; variegated.
panel, pan'cl, n., a little pane: in arch., a com
partment with raised margins : a board with a
surrounding frame ; a thin board on which a pic
ture is painted: in law (also spelled pann'el.', a
schedule containing the names ofthose summoned
to^ serve as jurors; the jury : in Scots law, a
prisoner at the bar.v.t. to furnish with panels :
Pr.p, pan'elling ;Pa.p. pan'elled. [dim. ofPane.]
n. panelling, panel-work.
pannel, panel, n. lit. a little pane; a kind of rustic
saddle : the stomach of a hawk, [same as Panel.]
Panegyric, pan-e-jir'ik, n. in ancient Greece, Per
taining to an assembly ofthe whole nation when
rewards were given to the deserving ; an oration
or eulogy in praise of some person or event ; an
encomium. [Gr. PanegyrzkospanPgyris, an
assembly of a whole nationpas, pan, all, and
ngyriSt a gatheringageird, to assemble.]
panegyric, pan-e-jir'ik, panegyrical, pan-e-jir'tk-al,
adj., expressingPanegyric ; containing praise or
eulogy.adv. panegyrlcally.
panegyrise, pan'e-jir-Iz or pa-ncjlr-Tz, v.t., to write
or pronounce a panegyric on ; to praise highly :
Pr.p. pan'cgyrlsing ; Pa.p. pan'egyrlscd.n.
panegyrist.
Panel. See under Pane.
Fang, pang, n. lit. a prick; a violent momentary
pain ; a paroxysm of extreme sorrow ; a throe.
[A.S. Pyngan, L.j>ungo, to prick.]
Pa&le, pan'ik, n. lit. fear caused by the god Pan;
extreme or sudden fright.adj. of the nature of
a panic ; extreme or sudden ; imaginary. [Gr.
panikon, from Panikos, belonging to Pan, god of
the woods, to whom sudden frightswere ascribed.]
panic-stricken, pan'ik-strik-en, panic-struck, pan'ik-
struk, adj., struck with apanic or sudden fear.
Panicle, pan'i-kl, n. lit. a tuft on plants : in hot., a
form of inflorescence in which the cluster is
irregularly branched, as in oats. [L.panicu/a, dim.
ofpanus, Gr. Penos, thread wound on a bobbin.]
paniculate, pan-ik'u-lat, panlcnlated, pan-ik'Q-lat-cd,
adj.,furnishedwith, arranged in, or likePanicles.
Pannel. Sec under Pans.
Pannier, pan'yer or pan'i-er, n. lit. a bread-basket;
one of two baskets slung across a horse, for carry
ing light produce to market : in arch., a corbel.
[Fr. pamer; L. panarium, from panis, bread,
akin to Sans, pa, to feed.]
Panoply, pan'o-pH, ., complete armour; a full suit
of armour. [Gr. panopliapas, all, and kcplon,
a tool, in pi. arms.]
panoplied, pan'o-plid, adj., dressed in panoply;
completely armed.
Panorama, pan-o-ra'ma, or -ri'ma, n. lit. a view of
all things ; a picture representing a number of
scenes unrolled and made to pass before the
spectator.adj. panoram ic. [Gr. Pan, all, and
horama, a view, from horao, to see.]
Pansy, pan'zi, n. lit. the flower of thought; a species
of violet, heari's-ease. [Fr. pettsfepenser, to
think, from L. penso, to weigh, to ponder, freq. of
Pendo, pensum, to weigh.]
Pant, pant, v.t. to breathe quickly; to gasp; to
throb ; to desire ardently :Pr.p. pant'ing ; Pa.p.
panr'ed. [formed from the sound.]
fate, far ; me", her ; mine ;
paper
pant, pant, panting, pant'ing, n. rapid breathing;
palpitation ; longing.
Pantaloon, pan-ta-lo7Jn', n. orig. a ridiculous char
acter in Italian comedy, also a garment worn by
him, consisting of breeches and stockings all in
one piece : in pantomimes, a character wearing
pantaloons, a buffoon.//, trousers. [Fr. pan-
talon, It. pantalone, from Pantaleone, the patron
saint of \ enice, and a common Christian name
among the Venetians, whence applied to them
as a nickname by the other Italians.]
Pantheism, pan'the-izm, n. the doctrine that nature
or the universe is God.adjs. pantheistic, paa-
theist'lcal. [Or. pan, all, and Theism.]
pantheist, pan'the-ist, ., a believer in pantheism.
pantheology, pan-the-ol'o-ji, n. a system of theology
embracing all religions and the knowledge of
all gods. [Gr. Pan, all, and Theology.]
pantheon, pan'the-on, or -the'on, n. a temple dedi
cated to all the gods ; a complete mythology*
[Gr. Pan, all, and theos, God.]
Panther, pan'ther, n. a fierce carnivorous quadruped
with a spotted skin, found in Asia and Africa.
[L. and Gr.]
Pantomime, pan'to-mTm, n. lit. an imitator of all
things; one who expresses his meaning by mute
action ; a representation or an entertainment in-
dumb
action. show.adj. representing
r[L. pantomtmus, only by mute
Gr. pantomimes
Pas, pantos, all, and mimes, an imitator.]
pantomimic, pan-to-mim'ik, pantomunical, pan-to-
mim'ik-al, adj., pertaining to or consisting of
Pantomime.adv. pantomim'icelly.
pantomlmlrt, pan'to-mlm-ist, n., an actor in a
Pantomime.
Pantry, pan'tri, . lit. a place where bread is kept;
a room or closet for provisions. [Fr. pancterie,
from L. panis, bread.]
Pap, pap, n. soft food for infants ; pulp of fruit ;
support or nourishment : a nipple or teat.adj.
papp'y. [from the first cries of infants for food.]
Papa, pa-pa', . father, [a reduplication of one of
the first utterances of a child.]
papacy, pa'pa-si, ., the office of the Pope; the
authority of the Pope ; Popery ; the Popes, as a
body, [low L. fapatiafapa, a father.]
papal, p&'pal, adj., belonging or relating to the
Pope or to Popery ; Popish.adv. pa'pally.
Papist, pA'pist, n., an adlierent of the Pope; a
Roman Catholic.adjs. papirt'ic, papistical, per-
taining to Popery, or to the Church of Rome, its
doctrines, &c.adv. papist icaUy.
Paper, &c. Sec under Papyrus.
Papillary, pap'it-lar-i or pa-pil'ar-i, PapIIloos, par/il-
lus, adj., belonging to or resembling pimples,
nipples, or teats ; covered with pimples or
nipples ; warty, [from L. papilla, a pimple or
nipple, from papula, pimple.]
papulous, pap'u-lus, papulose, papu-lOs, adj., full
ofpimples, [from L. papula, a pimple.]
Pappous, pap'us, Pappose,[from
pap-poY, adj., provided
with down ; downy, L. Pappus, Gr. pap-
Pos, down.]
Papyrus, pa-pT'rus, . a kind of reed, common in
Egypt, from which the ancients made their paper;
a manuscript on papyrus. [L. ; Gr. papyros.]
paper, paper, n. the substance on which we com
monly write and print ; a piece ofpaper ; a docu
ment ; a newspaper : paper money : paper-hang
ings,adj. consisting or made of paper.v.t. to
mOtc ; mQte ; mCOn ; then.
 paper-credit
cover with paper : to fold in paper :Pr.p. p5'per-
ing ; pa.p. pS'pered. [Fr. papierL. papyrus.]
paper-credit, pa'per-kred-it, n. the system ofdealing
on credit by means of acknowledgments of in
debtedness written on paper. [Paper, and Credit. ]
paper-hangings,pa'per-hang-ingz, .,Paper-forflang
ing on or covenng walls.
paper-hangar, pupcr-hang-cr, one who hangs
Paper on the walls of rooms, &c,
papering, p3'per-ing, h., the operation of covering
or hanging with Paper; the paper itself.
paper-money, pA'per-mun-i, n. printed and author
ised papers issued by banks and circulated in
place of coin or money.
paper-reed, pa'per-rid, n. in B.t the papyrus.
paper-italner, pA'per-stan.-er, n., one who stains or
prepares paper-hangings. [Paper, and Stalnar.]
papier-mache, pap-ya-ma shA, . lit Paper mashed
or chewed ; pulped paper formed into moulds
and then japanned. [Fr.]
Papilionaceous, pa-pil-yo-ni'shus, adj. in hot., having
a winged corolla somewhat like a butterfly, as
the bean, pea, &c. [from L. papilio, butterfly.]
Par, pSr, n., state ofequality; equal value ; equality
of nominal and market value ; equality of condi
tion. [L. far, equal.]
parity, parf-ti, ., state ofbeingequal; resemblance;
analogy. [Fr. parite, L. paritaspar.}
Parable, parVbl, *u lit. a placing beside ; a com
parison ; a fable or allegory in which some fact or
doctrine is illustrated. [Or. paraboilparabolict
to comparePara, beside, balld, to throw.]
parabola, par-ab'o-la, n. in gcom., a conic section
formed by the intersection of the cone with a
plane parallel to one side. [Gr. paraboS.]
parabolic, par-a-bol'ik, parabolical, par-a-bol'ik-al,
adj., expressed by a parable: belonging to or
of the form of a parabola.adv. parabolically.
Parachute, par'a-shCot, n. lit, a guard againstfall-
ing; an apparatus resembling a huge umbrella
for descending safely from a balloon. [Fr., from
parrr, to ward off, and chute, a fall.]
Paraclete, parVklet, it. lit. one called to stand beside
one, an advocate; the Holy Ghost. [L. parts-
cletus, Gr. paraJtlitospara, beside, and kaleO,
to call.]
Parade, par-Ad', n. lit. a preparation for exhibi
tion ; pompous display; military display; the
arrangement of troops for display or inspection ;
the puce where such a display takes place.
v.t. to shew off; to marshal in military order.
v.i. to walk about as if for show ; to pass in mili
tary order ; to march in procession :pr.f). par-
Sd'ing; Pa.p. parad'ed. [Fr., It pa rata, from L.
paro, paraturn, to prepare.]
Paradigm, nar'a-dim. x. litthatwhich is placed beside
one to shew the way; an example; model: xngram.,
an example of the inflection of a word.adjs.
paradigmat ic, paradigmat'ical, consisting of or re
sembling paradigms.adv. paradigmat'ically. [L.
paradigma, Gr. paradcigmapara, beside, and
deiknumi, to shew.]
Paradise, par'a-dTs, n. lit. aparkorpleasure-ground;
the garden of Eden ; heaven : any place or state
of blissful delights.adjs. paradisa ical, paradlai'-
acal. [L. parodisus, Gr. paradeisos, Sans, para*
deca, a high, well-tilled
lyQn.jtrdaus, land; aHcb.
pi. faradis, pardis,hr. anda
pleasure-garden,
plantation.]Bird of paradise, a family ofeastern
birds closely allied to the crow, remarkable for
the splendour of their plumage.
fate, far ; mc, her ; mine ;
paralysis
Paradox, parVdoks, n., that which is contrary to
received opinion ; that which is apparently absurd
but really true. [Gr. paradoxonpara, con
trary to, and doxa, an opinion.]
paradoxical, par-a-doks'ik-al, adj., ofthe nature of
a Paradox ; inclined to paradoxes.adv. para
doxically.n. paradox'icalness.
Paraffins, par'af-fin, n. lit. little allied; a white crys
talline substance, obtained from tar, &c so named
from its resistance to combine with an alkali. [Fr.,
from L. parum, little, and affinis, allied.]
Paragoge, paKa-goj-i, n. lit. a leading beyond the
usual length ; the addition ofa letter or syllable to
the end of a word.adjs. paragog'le, paragog'icaL
[Gr., from para, beyond, and agd, to lead.]
Paragon, par'a-gon, . a pattern or model with
which comparisons are made; something su
premely excellent [old Fr. and Sp., from Sp.
compound prep, para con, in comparison with.]
Paragraph, par'a-graf, that which is written
beside the text to shew division, as IT, the reversed
initial of this word ; a distinct part of a discourse
or writing ; a short passage.adjs. paragraph ic,
paragraph ical. [ Fr. Paragraph*, from Gr. para
graphs-para, beside, graphs, to write.]
Paralelpsts, par-a-llp'sis, n. lit a leaving on one
side or out : in rhel.f a figure by which a thine
is pretended to be omitted while it is mentioned!
[Gr., from paraleipp, to leave on one side
Para, beside, and leipd, to leave.]
Parallax, par'a-Iaks, . an apparent change in the
position of an object caused by a change of
position in the observer : in astr., the difference
between the apparent place of a celestial object
and its real place.adjs. parallac'tlc. parallac -
tlcal. [Gr. parallmxispara, beside, and allassb,
to changealios, another.]
Parallel, par'al-lel, adj., beside one another; side
by side; in geom., in the same direction and
equidistant in all parts : with the same direction
or tendency; running in accordance with; re
sembling in all essential points : like or similar.
a line always equidistant from another; a
line marking latitude : likeness ; a comparison ;
counterpart.v.t. to place so as to be parallel;
to correspond to :Pr.p. paralleling ; pa.p. par
alleled. [L. parallelus, Gr. parallilaspara,
beside, allilSn, of one anotheralios, another.]
parallelism, par'al-lel-izm, ., stateofbeingparallel;
resemblance ; comparison.
parallelogram, par-al-lcl'o-gram, .a plane four-sided
figure, the opposite sides of which are parallel
and equal. [Gr. Parallilogrammonparallelos,
and grammi, a linegraphs, to write.]
parallelopiped, par-al-lelo-pip-ed, paralleloplp'edon.
n. a regular solid bounded by six plane parallel
surfaces. [Gr. parnllilepipeaonparallelos, and
epipedon, a plane surface, from epipedos, on the
groundepi, on, and Pedon, the ground.]
Paralogism, par-al'o-jism, ., reasoning beside or
from the point; a conclusion unwarranted by the
premises. [Gr. paralogismospara, beside, be
yond, and logismos, from logos, discourse, reason.]
Paralyse, par'a-llz, v.t. lit. to loosefrom the side, to
disable at the side; to strike with paralysis or
palsy: to make useless ; to deaden; to exhaust:
Pr.p. paralysing : P<*-P' paralysed. [Gr.jtom-
lyd, paralysepara, beside, and ly9, to loosen.]
paralysis, par-al'i-sis, n. lit. a loosening or disabling
at the side ; a loss of the power of motion or
sensation in any part of the body ; palsy. [L.
and Gr. paralyS.]
mOte ; mute ; mCon ; then.
 paralytic
paralytic, par-a-lirik, adj., afflicted with or in
clined to Paralysis,n. one affected with par
alysis. [L. paralyticus, Gr. paralytikes,.]
Paramatta, par-a-mat'ta, n. a fabric for female
dress, ofworsted and cotton,like merino in appear
ance, [from Paramatta, a town in New bouth
Wales.]
Paramount, par'a-mount, adj., mounting to tits top:
superior to allothers; chief; ofthe highest import
ance.n. the chief, [old Fr. Paramont, Norm.
peramontL. per, thoroughly, and Norm.
amont, above, L. ad montem, to the mountain.]
Paramour, par'a-mBOr, n. lit. one affected with love ;
a lover, one beloved (now used in a bad sense].
[Fr. par amour, by or with love.]
Parapet, par'a-pet,. lit. aprotectionfor the breast;
a rampart breast-high ; a breast-high wall on a
bridge, &c. [Fr., It. parapettoFr. Parer, to
ward off or guard, L. Pare, to prepare, and It.
petto, L. pectus, the breast.]
parapeted, par'a-pet-ed, adj., having a parapet.
Paraphernalia, par-a-fer-naTi-a, . that which a
bride brings beyond her dowry; the clothes,
jewels, &c. which a wife possesses beyond her
dowry in her own right : ornaments of dress
generally ; trappings. [Gr. ParapJtemapara,
beyond, and phemi, a dowryfher3, to bring.]
Paraphrase, par'a-fraz, n., anything said beside or
like something said before, a saying of the same
thing in otherwords ; an explanation ofa passage ;
a loose or free translation.v.t. to say the same
thing in other words; to render more fully; to
interpret or translate freely.v.i. to make a para
phrase :Pr-P- paraphrasing ; Pa.p. para
phrased. [Gr. paraphrasispizra, beside, and
phrasis, a speakingphrazJ, to speak.]
paraphraat, par'a-frast, ., one who paraphrases.
paraphrastic, par-a-frastlk, paraphrastlcal, p"ar-a-
frast'ik-al, adj., ofthe nature of a paraphrase ;
clear and ample in explanation ; free, loose,
diffuse.txrv. paraphraat Ically.
Paraalte, par'a-slt, n. lit one who feeds with
another; one who frequents another's table ; a
hanger-on: in hot., a plant nourished by the
J1'tiices of another: in zool., an animal which
ives on another. [Fr.Gr. par-asitospara,
beside, sited, to feed-sites, corn, food.]
parasitic, par-a-sit'ik, parasitical, par-a-sit'ik-al,
adj., like a parasite; fawning: living on other
plants or animals.adv. parasit'kally.
Parasol, para-sol, that which heets offor pro
tects from the sun ; a small umbrella as a shade
from the sun. [Fr., It. parasoteparare, to hold
or keep offL. paro, to prepare, and sol, soils,
the sun.] See Parapet, and Parry.
Parboil, paVboil, v.t., to boilinpart. [Part, andBolL]
Parcel, pir'sel. ., a littie part ; a portion ; a quan
tity ; a package.v.t. to divide into^portions :
pr.p. parcelling : pa.p. parcelled. [Fr. parcelle.
It. particellaL. particula, dim. of Pars, par
tis, a part.]
Parch, parch, v.t., to burn slightly; to scorch.
v. i. to be scorched ; to become very dry :Pr.p.
parch'ing ; Pa.p. parched', [acc. to Wedgwood,
prob. from tne crackling sound ofthings burning.]
parched, parcht, adj. scorched.adv. parched'Iy.
n. parched ness.
Parchment, parch mcnt, *. the skin of a sheep or
coat prepared for writing on. [Fr. parcltemin,
Prov PergamenL. pergamena [charta, paper),
f^tc, far ; me, her ; mine ;
Park
from Pergamus, in Asia Minor, where it was
invented.]
Pard, pard, ., thepanther ; the leopard : in poetry,
any spotted animal. [A.S. pard, L. pardus, Gr.
Pardos, the panther, the leopard.]
Pardon, paTdn, v.t. lit. to give up, toforgive; to
remit the penalty vi'.pr.f. pardoning; pa.p.
pardoned (-dund).. forgiveness; remission of
a penalty or punishment.n. par'doner. [Fr.
Pardonner, II perdonareL. per, through,
dono, donare, to give.]
pardonable, paVdn-a-bl,<z(jy., that may bePardoned ;
excusable.adv. par donably.n. par'donableneat.
Pare, par, v.t. lit. to prepare or make ready;
to cut or shave off; to diminish by littles :Pr.p.
paTing; pa.p. pared'. [Fr. parer, It. parare,
to dressL. paro, to prepare.]
paring, par'ing, n., that which is pared off; rind:
the cutting off the surface ofgrass land for tillage.
Paregoric, par-c-gorlk, adj., soothing; assuaging
pain.n. a medicine that assuages pain, tincture
of opium. [L. paregoricus, Gr. parigorikos
parigored, to soothe.]
Parent, parent, ., one who begets or brings forth;
a father or mother : that which produces, a cause.
[Fr.L. parens, for Pariens, sntis, pr.p. of
Pario, to beget, bring forth.]
parentage, parent-aj, ., birth; extraction; descent,
parental, pa-rent'al, adj.,pertaining to or becoming
parents; affectionate; tender.adv. parent'ally.
parentleu, paTent-les, adj., without a parent.
Parenthesis, pa-ren'the-sis, n. a word, phrase, or sen
tence put in or inserted in another complete
without it : in //. the marks ( ) used to shew this.
pi. parea'thwe* (-sez). [Gr.,para, beside, en,
in, thesis, a placingtilhemi, to place.]
parenthetic, par-cn-thct'ik, parenthetical, par-en-
thet'ik-al, adj. expressed in a parenthesis; using
parentheses.adv. parenthetically.
Parhelion, par-hfili-un, n. a bright light sometimes
seen near the sun. [Gr. para, Desidc, near, hilios,
the sun.]
Pariah, pa'ri-a, or pa', n. lit. a mountaineer; one
who has lost his caste in Hindustan ; an outcast.
[Hind, pahariya, a mountaineer.]
Parian, paVi-an, adj. , pertaining to or found in the
island of Paros, in the /Egean Sea.
Parietal, pa-rT'et-al, adj., pertaining to walls: in
anat., forming the sides or walls : in bot., grow
ing from the inner lining or wall ofanother organ,
[L. parUtalisparies, parielis, a wall.]
Paring. See under Pare.
Pariah, par ish, n. lit. a number of dwellings near
one another ; a district under one pastor ; a dis
trict having officers of its own and supporting its
own poor.adj. belonging or relating to a parish ;
employed or supported by the parish. [Fr.
paroisse, old Fr. parvche, L. parocht'a, Gr.
paroikiaparoikos, dwelling beside or near
Para, beside, near, oikos, a dwelling.]
parishioner, par-ish'un-er, n., one who belongs to or
is connected with a parish.
parochial, par-O'ki-al, adj., of or relating to a
Parish.adv. paro'chiaUy.
parochialiie, par-Olci-al-Iz, v.t.t to form into
parishes.
Parity. See under Par.
Park, park, n. an inclosure ; a tract surrounding
a mansion : a piece of ground inclosed for
recreation: mil., a space in an encampment
mOte ; mute ; moTJn ; then.
363
 Parlance
occupied by the artillery ; hence, a collection of
artillery, or stores in an encampment.v.t. to
inclose ; to bring together in a body, as anillerv :
pr.p. park'ing ; pa.p. parked'. [Fr. and \V.
pare, A.S. pearroc.]
Parlanoe, parTans, ., shaking; conversation;
idiom ofconversation, [old Ft.Variant, pr.p.
q{Purler, to speak. See next word.]
parley, paYli, v.t. lit. to throw words together; to
speak with another ; to confer; to treat with an
enemy://*./, parleying; /a./, parleyed.n.
talk : a conference with an enemy in war. [Fr.
parler, It. parlart, low L. parabolare, to speak
L. parabola, Gr. paraboli, a parable, speech,
word. See Parable.]
parliament, parli-ment, . lit. aparleyingor speak
ing ; meeting for consultation : the legislature of
the nation, consisting of the sovereign, lords, and
commons. [Fr. pat-lenientParlet.]
parliamentarian, par-li-men-ta'ri-an, adj., adhering
to the Parliament in opposition to Charles I.
parliamentary, par-li-racncar-i, adj., pertaining to
Parliament; enacted or done by parliament;
according to the rules of legislative bodies.
parlour, par'lur, n, orig. a room> in a monastery
/or conversation ; an ordinary sitting-room. [Fr.
parloir, It. parlatoriaparlart, to speak.]
parole, par-OT, n., a word; word of honour : mil.,
a promise by a prisoner of war to fulfil certain
conditions ; the daily password, as distinguished
from the countersign.adj. given by word of
mouth. [Fr. parole, It. parousL. parabola, a
parable, speech, word.]
Parochial, &c. See under Paxilh.
Parody, par'o-di, n., an ode or poetical composition
beside or like another ; the alteration of a poem
to another subject.v.t. to apply in parody :
Pr.p. parodying ; pa.p, parodied.n. par'odift,
one who writes a parody. [Gr. pardduspara,
beside, ode, an ode or song.]
Parole. See under Parlance.
Paronymona, par-on'i-mus, adj.,formed by a slight
change ofword or name; derived from the same
root : having the same sound, but different in
spelling and meaning, [from Gr. paronomazd, to
form a word by a slight changepara, beside,
onomaxS, to nameohoma, a name.]
paronyme, par'o-nim, ., aparonymous word.
Paroquet, par-o-ker/, or par*, . lit. little Peter; a
small kind of parrot found in tropical countries.
[Fr. perroquetPierrot, dim. of Pierre, Peter.]
parrakeet, par-a-keV, n. same as Paroquet.
parrot, par'ut, . one of a family of tropical birds,
with orilliant plumage and a hooked bill, re
markable for their faculty of imitating the human
voice, [contr. from Fr. perroquet.\
Paroxysm, par'oks-irm, n. a fit of acute pain oc
curring at intervals ; a fit ofpassion ; any sudden
violent action. [L.paroxismusGr. paroxysmos
para, beyond. oxynS, to sharpenoxys, sharp.]
paroxysmal, par-oks-iz'mal, adj., pertaining to or
occurring in paroxysms.
Parr, par, n. a young salmon. [?]
Parrieido, par'ri-sid, n., the murder of a'fatJier or
mother ; the murder ofany one to whom reverence
is due : the murderer of a parent. [L. parri-
cidiumpater, father, cado, to kill.]
parricidal, par-ri-sTd al, adj., Pertaining to or com
mitting parricide.
Parrot. Sec under Paroquet.
Parry, parri, v.t., to ward or keep off; to turn
fate, far ; me, her ; mine ;
3<54
participle
aside '.Pr.p. parrying ; Pa.p. parried. [Fr.
Parer, It. parareL. paro, to prepare, keep off.]
Pans, pars, v.t. in gram., to tell the parts of
speech of a sentence and . their relations :pr.p.
parsing ; Pa.p. parsed'. [L. pars [orationis, of
a speech), a part.]
parsing, parsing, n., the act or art ofparsing.
Paraee, paKs or par-se', . one of the adherents of
the ancient Persian religion, now settled in
Indix [Per. parse, a Persian.]
Panimony, paYsi-mun-i, n.f sparingness in the
spending ofmoney ; frugality : niggardliness. [I*
Parsimonia, parcimoniaparco, to spare.]
parilmonioua, par-si-mo'ni-us, adj., sparing in the
use of money ; frugal to excess : covetous.adv.
partimo'nioualy.n. paraimo'niouaneBs.
Parsley, pars'li, . lit. rock-plant; a bright-green
plant cultivated as a pot-herb, [old E. persely,
A. S. Peterselige, It. peiroseltino, L. Petroselinum
Gr. petrosetinonPetros, a rock, selinon, a
genus of plants including parsley.]
Parsnip, Paranep, pars'nip, n. lit. the dibble root; an
edible plant with a carrot-like root. [corr. from
L. pasiinacapastinum, a dibble, napus, a kind
of turnip.]
Parson, par'sn, n. the priest or incumbent of a
parish; a clergyman, [old Fr. persone, a parson
low L. persona [tcclesiar, ofa church), a clergy
man, usually given from L. persona, person, be
cause he personates the church, but better from
Parochianus, the parish (clergyman).] See Parish.
parsonage, paVsn-aj, n. orig. the benefice ofaParish ;
the residence of the incumbent of a parish.
Past, part, n. , a piece cut off; a portion ; a quantity
or number making up with others a larger quan
tity or number ; a fraction ; a member : a propor
tional quantity : share ; interest ; side or party :
action : in math., a quantity which taken a cer
tain number of times will equal a larger quantity :
in music, one of the melodies of a harmony :
in pi. qualities; talents.v.t. to divide ; to make
into parts ; to put or keep asunder.v.t. to be
separated ; to be torn asunder : to have a part or
share 'pr.p. parting ; Pa.f. part'ed. [L. pars,
partisGr. pharsos, a piece cut offpharj,
pharsd, to cut.]Part of speech, in gram., one of
the classes of words,In good-part, In bad-part,
favourably, unfavourably.
partake, par-tak', v.t., to take or have a part; to
have something of the properties, &c. : to be
admitted.v.t. to have a part in ; to share.
partaker, par-tak er, ., one who partakes.
partakmg, par-taking, n., a sharingI in law, a com
bination in an cvildesign.
partial, paYshal, adj., relating to a Part only ; not
total or entire : inclined to favour one party : hav
ing a preference: in bot., subordinate.adv.
par'tially. [Fr.low L. partialisL. pars.}
partiality, par-shi-alit-i, quality of being par
tial or inclined to favour one party or side : liking
for one thing more than others.
partible, partibl, adj., that map beparted; separ
able.n. partibil'ity.
participate, par-tisi-pat, v.t., topartake; to have a
share '.pr.p. participating ; fa.p. participated.
. participation, [L. parttcifo, -atumfars,
and capio, to take.]
participant, par-tis'i-pant, adj.,participating; shar
ing.n. a partaker.adv. partlc'lpantly.
participle, par'ti-sipl, . a word partaking of the
nature of both adjective and verb. [L. parti'
mote ; mute ; moDn ; Men.
 participial
cipiumparticcps, sharingpars, and capio, to
take]
participial, par-ti-sip'i-al, adj., /taring the nature
ofa participle; formed from a participle.adv.
partlclp'lallv.
particle, paVti-kl, n., a little part; a very small
portion : in Physics, the minutest part into which
a body can De divided : in grant., an indeclinable
word, or a word that cannot be used alone : in
R. C. Church, a crumb of consecrated bread, also
the 'smaller breads' used in the communion of
the laity. [L. Pariicula, dim. ofPars, partis.]
particular, par-tik Q-lar, adj., relating to aparticle;
pertaining to a single person or thing ; individual :
special : worthy of special attention : concerned
with things single or distinct ; exact : nice in
taste ; precise.n. a distinct or minute part ; a
single point ; a single instance :in pi. details.
[L. particularis particula. ]In particular,
specially, distinctly.
particularise, par-tik'Q-lar-Tz, v.t. to mention the
particulars of'; to enumerate in detail.v.t. to
mention or attend to single things or minute
details :pr.p. partic'ularlsing ; pa.p. partic'-
QiarTscd.
particularity, par-tik-u-Iar'it-i, n., quality of being
Particular ; minuteness of detail : a single act
or case : something peculiar or singular.
particularly, par-tikii-lar-li, adv. in B., in detail.
parting, parting^ adj. putting apart ; separating;
departing : given at parting.n. the act of part
ing : a division : in geol., a fissure in strata.
partisan, p.lr'ti-zan, an adherent of a party.
adj. adhering to a party.. partisamhlp. [Fr.
parti, a party. See party.]
partite, par'tit, adj. inoot.,partednearly to the base.
[L. partitust pa.p. ofpartior, to dividepars.]
partition, par-tisn'un, ., net ifparting or dividing:
state of being divided : separate part : that which
divides; a wall between apartments: the place
where separation is made.v.t. to divide into
shares ; to divide into parts by walls :pr.p. par
titioning; Pa.p. parti'tioned. [Fr.L. partitio
partior.]
partitive, paVti-tiv, adj., parting; dividing; dis
tributive.n. in gram., a word denoting a part
or partition.adv. par'titively.
partly, part/li, adv., in Part; in some degree.
partner, partner, ., one who has a part ; a sharer;
an associate ; one who dances with another; a
husband or wife.
partnership, part'ner-ship, ., state of being a
partner; a contract between persons engaged in
any business.
party, par'ti, n., a partofn. greater number of per
sons ; a faction : a company met for a particular
purpose ; an assembly : one concerned in any
affair : a single individual spoken of: mil., a de
tachment.adj. belonging to a party and not to
the whole ; consisting of different parties, parts,
or things : in her., parted or divided. [Fr. parti
old Fr. partirL. partior, to divide, from
pars, a part. ]
party-coloured, pSVti-kul-urd, adj., coloureddiffer
ently at different Parts.
Parterre, par-tar', . lit. something on the ground;
a system of plots with spaces of turf or gravel
for walks. [Fr.par,an, terre, L. terra, ground.]
Partial, Participate, Particular, Partisan, Partner, &c.
See under Part.
Partook, par-took', past tense of partake.
Partridge, par'trij, . a genus of gallinaceous birds
fate, far; ml, her; mine;
passing
preserved for game, [old E. partrick, Fr. per-
drix, L. Perdix, Gr.perdix.]
partridge-wood, par'trij-wood, n. a hard wood, from
Brazil and the W. Indies, so called from the
grain resembling the feathers of a partridge.
Parturient, par-tu'ri-ent, adj., bringing or about to
bringforth young. [L. parluriens, -cutis, pr.p.
ofparturiopario, to bring forth.]
parturition, par-tQ-rish'un, n. , act ofbringingforth.
[Fr.L. parturilioparturio.]
Party. See under Part.
Parvenu, parVe-nOT, ., an upstart; one newly
risen into notice or power. [Fr., pa.p. of par-
venir, L. pervenio, to arrive Atper, quite to,
venio, to come.]
Fasch, pask, n. the Jewish passover; Easter. [A.S.
pasche, L., Gr. pasc/uzHcb. ptsach, the Pass
overpasach, to pass over.]Patch of the Croas,
Good-Friday,
Paschal, paslcal, adj., pertaining to the Pasch or
Passover, or to Easter.
Paach-flower, Pasque-flower, pask'-flow-er, n. a kind
of anemone, whichflowers about Easter.
Pashaw. same as Pacha.
Paaquin, pas'kwin, Pasquinade, pasTcwin-ad, n. a
lampoon or satire.v.t. or i. to lampoon or
satirise. \Pasquino, a tailor in Rome in 15th
cent, remarkable for his sarcastic humour.]
Pass, pas, v.i., to Pace or walk onward; to move
from one place to another ; to travel : to go from
one state to another ; to change : to circulate ; to
be regarded : to go by ; to go unheeded or neglect
ed: to elapse, as time : to be finished : to move
away ; to disappear : in B., to pass away : to go
through inspection ; to be approved : to happen :
to fall, as by inheritance : to flow through :
to thrust, as with a sword : to run, as a road :
^r.p. pass'ing ;Pa.p. passed' and past. [Fr.passer,
It. passareL. passus, a step.] See Pace.
paaa, pas, v.t. to go by, over, beyond, through, &c. :
to spend : to omit, to disregard ; to surpass : to
enact, or to be enacted by : to cause to move ; to
send ; to transfer : to give forth : to cause to go
by ; to approve : to give circulation to : infencing,
to thrust.Come to paaa, to happen.
paat, pas, n., that through which one passes; a
narrow passage ; a narrow defile : a passport : in
fencing, a thrust.n. pass-book, a ivok thatpasses
between a trader and his customer, in which credit
purchases areentered.w.paaa'-key.a^^enabling
one to pass or enter a house ; a key for opening
several locks.n. paas'-word, mil., a private
word enabling one to pass or enter a camp, by
which a friend is distinguished from a stranger.
passable, pas'a-bl, adj., that may bepassed, trav
elled, or navigated : that may bear inspection ;
tolerable.n. pasa'ablenesa.adv. paai'ably.
passage, pas'aj, n., act ofpassing; journey ; course :
time occupied in passing : way ; entrance : en
actment of a law : right of passing : occurrence:
a single clause or part of a book, &c. : in B., a
mountain-pass ; ford of a river : in zoo/., migra
tory habits.
passenger, pas'en-jer, ., one who Passes ; one who
travels in some public conveyance.
passer, pas'er, ., one who j.isscs.n. paas'er-by,
one whopasses by or near.
passing, casing, adj. , going by ; surpassing,adv.
exceedingly.n. paas'lng-bell, a ^//tolled imme
diately after death, orig. to obtain prayers for
the sou\ passing into eternity.
mOte ; mute ; mOon ; t/tcn.
 Passover
Passover, pas'3-vAr, m. a feast of the Jews, to com
memorate the destruction of the first-born of the
Egyptians and the passing over of the Israelites.
passport, pas'pOrt, re. orig. permission to pass out
of fort or through the gates ; a written warrant
granting permission to travel. [Pan, and L. par
tus, a harbour, or porta, a gate.]
part, past, pa.p. of Pan.adj. gone by : elapsed ;
ended : in time already passed.prep, farther
than ; out of reach of: no longer capable of.adv.
by.The part, that which has passed, esp. time.
partlme, pas'tTm, re. that which serves topass away
tke time ; amusement ; recreation.
passerine, pas'er-Tn, adj., relating to the Passeres,
an order of birds of which the sparrow is the
type. [L. passer, a sparrow.]
Passion, pash'un, n. lit. suffering; the sufferings,
esp. the death of Christ : endurance of an effect,
as opposed to action : state of the soul when re
ceiving an impression ; strong agitation of mind,
esp. rage ; ardent love ; eager desire.in pi.
excited conditions of mind. [Fr.I* Passu)
Patior, passus, to suffer.]
passion-flower, pash'un-flow-er, aflcnver^o called
from a fancied resemblance to a halo and crown
of thorns, the emblems of Christ's passion or
suffering.
pawlon-week, pash'un-wSk, n., tke week of Christ's
passion or suffering, that is, his trial and cruci
fixion ; the week immediately before Easter.
passionate, pash'un-iit, adj., moved by passion ;
easily moved to anger: intense.adv. passion
ately'n. pas'alonateneaa. [tow L. passionatus
L. patior.]
passionless, pash'un-Ies, adj., frtt from passion ;
not easily excited to anger.
passive, pas'iv, adj., suffering; unresisting : not
acting: in gram., expressing the suffering of
an action.Zsdv. pass'lvely.n. pau'lveaeu. [L.
passivus-patior.]
passivity, pas-i/i-ti, re. lit. passiveness ; in physics,
tendency of a body to preserve a given state,
either of motion or rest.
Passover, Passport, Part. See under Pass.
Pasta, pJUt, n. lit. that which is moulded; dough
prepared for pies, &c ; a cement of flour and
water; anything mixed up to a viscous consist
ency : a fine kind of glass for making artificial
gems.v.t. to fasten with paste '.pr.p. pasting ;
pa.p. pasted, [old Fr. paste, It, pasta,'Sp.
plastaGr. plastos, mouldedplassd, to mould.
See Plaster.)pasteboard, a stiff board made of
sheets of paper pasted together, &c.
pastel, pas'tel, pastil, pas'til, n., a roll of paste
used for a crayon : a medicated lozenge : a small
cone of charcoal and aromatic drugs, burned to
perfume a room. [Fr.pasti/le, It, /astela, dim.
ofPasta.]
pastry, past'ri, re. articles of food made of Paste or
dough : act or art of making articles of paste.
re. paa'try-cook, one who cooks or sellspastry.
pasty, past'i, adj., like paste.n. a small pie of
crust raised without a dish.
Pastern. See under pastors. ' ,
Partlme. See under Pass.
Pastor, pas'tur, re. lit one who feeds, a shepherd;
a clergyman. [L., from pasco, pasturn, to feed,
akin to Sans. pa, to preserve.]
pastoral, pas'tur-al, adj., relating to shepherds;
rustic: relating to the pastor of a church: ad
dressed to the clergy of a diocese.re. a poem
ftte, far ; me, her ; mine ;
Pathetic
which professes to delineate the scenery and life
of the country : a pastoral letter or address.
pastorate, pas'tur-5t; pastorship, pas'tur-ship, n., the
office ofa pastor.
paitoiiy, pasiur-H, adj., becominga pastor.
pasture, past/Or, ., feeding; grass for grazing:
ground covered with grass for grazing.v.t. to
feed on pasture ; to supply with grass.v.i. to
feed on pasture ; to graze :pr.p. pasr/Oring ;
Pa.p. past'Qred. pastitrapasco, pasttcm.)
pasturable, past'flr-abl, adj., that can bepastured;
fit for pasture.
pasturage, pasr/ur-5j, re., tlte business offeeding
cattle : pasture.
pastern, paVt6rn, . lit. a shackle for cattle at
pasture; the part of a horse's foot from the fet
lock to the hoof, where the shackle is fastened.
[Fr. paturon ; low L. Pastorium.]
Pastry. See under Pasta.
Pasturage, Pasture. See under Pastor.
Party. See under Parte.
Pat, pat, n. a light, quick blow, as with the band.
v.t. to strike gently; to tap:pr.p. patt'ing ;
Pa.p. patt'ed. [from the sound.]
Patch, pach, v.t., tofntt on a piece ; to mend with
a piece ; to repair clumsily ; to make up ofpieces ;
to make hastily :/r./. patch'ing ;pa.6. patched'.
re. a piece sewed or put on ; anything like a
patch ; a small piece of ground : a plot. [low
Ger. patschen^ prob. conn, with Piece.]
patchwork, pach wurk, ., work formed ofpatches
or pieces sewed together : a thing patched up or
clumsily executed. [Patch, and Work.]
Patchouli, pa-chCSO'li, . the dried branches of an
exstern tree, which are highly odoriferous : the
perfume distilled from them. [?]
Pate, pat, re. lit. the skull-pan; the head, [akin to
L. patina, a basin or pan, and Sw. panna, the
forehead.]
Paten, pat'en, re. lit. that which is ofen ; the plate
for the bread in the Eucharist, [L. patinat from
Pateo, to be open.]
patent, pS'tent or pat'ent, adj., open ; conspicuous ;
public ; protected by a patent : in bot., expanding.
n. an official document, open but sealed at the
foot, conferring a privilege.pat'ent, v.t. to grant
or secure by patent :~pr.p. patenting: pa.p.
pat'ented. [Fr. ; L. patens, pr.p. ofpateo.]
patentable, pat'cnt-abl, adj., capable of being
patented.
patentee, pat'ent-f, one who holds a Patent,
Paternal, pa-ter'nal, adj., pertaining to or derived
from a father; shewing the disposition of a
father ; hereditary.adv. paternally. [h.pater-
nus, frompater, Gr.pater, a father, akin to Sans.
pa, to preserve.]
paternity, pa-ter'ni-ti, n. lit. fatherly feeling or
care; the relation of a father to his offspring ;
origination or authorship. [L. patemitas.]
Paternoster, pat-er-nos't6r or pa'ter-nos-ter, re. lit,
our Father; the Lord's Prayer. fL. pater
nosier, the first two words of the Lord's Prayer.]
Path, pSth, .. that along which one goes; a way ;
track ; road : course of action or conduct.-//.
paths, pa/Az. [A.S. patka; Ger. A/ad; Gr.
Patos ; Sans, patka, from path, to go.]
pathless, path'les, adj. , without a path ; untrodden,
pathway, path'wa, a path or way; a footpath ;
course of action. [Path, and Way.]
Pathetic. See under Pathos.
mute ; mute ; mCon ; then.
 Pathos
Pathos, pa'thos, . lit. suffering', that which raises
the tender emotions ; the expression of deep
feeling. [Gr., from root Path, akin to Sans.
badh, to suffer, to pain.] _
pathetic, pa-thetik, adj. lit. subject to feeling;
affecting the tender emotions; touching.adv.
pathetically.. pathet'icalnesi. \Ox.pathitikos.\
pathology, pa-thol'o-ji, n. lit. a discourse onpain;
science ofdiseases.. pathologist, one versedin
Pathology. [Gr./athos, suffering, /<yoj,discourse.]
pathologic, path-o-Ioj'ik, pathological, path-o-loj'ik-
al, adj., pertaining to pathology.adv. patho
logically.
Patient, pa'shent, adj. lit. bearing, suffering; sus
taining pain, &c. without repining ; not easily
provoked : persevering ; expecting with calmness.
n. one who bears or suffers ; a person under
medical treatment.adv. pa tiently. [Fr. ; L.
patiens, -entis, pr.p. of patior, to bear, akin to
Sans, badh, to suffer.]
patience, pa'shens, quality of being patient or
calmly enduring.
Fatin, Patine, patin, same as Paten.
Patois, pat-waw7, or pat', n. a dialect peculiar to the
lower classes. [Fr. ; formed from the sound, and
akin to Patter.]
Patriarch, pa'tri-jurk, n. lit, the chieffather; one
who governs his family by paternal right : in
eastern churches, a dignitary superior to an arch
bishop. [Gr. patriarchesPater, a father, and
archos, a chief.] See Paternal.
patriarchal, pa-tri-ark'al, patrtarchlc, pa-tri-ark'ik,
adj., belonging or subject to a patriarch.
patriarchate, pfl-tri-ark'iit, the office or jurisdic
tion of a patriarch or church dignitary ; the
residence of a patriarch.
patriarchixm, pi'tri-ark-ixm, ., government by a
patriarch.
Patrician, pa-trish'an, n, a descendant ofthefathers
or first Roman senators ; a nobleman.adj.
pertaining to a patrician or nobleman; noble.
[L. patrictusPaler, a father.]
Patrimony, patri-mun-i, n. a right orestate inherited
from afather or one's ancestors : a church estate
or revenue. [L. patrimoniumpater, a father.]
patrimonial, pat-ri-mo'ni-al, adj., pertaining to a
patrimony ; inherited from ancestors.adv.
patiimo'nially.
Patriot, pa'tri-ot, n. one who truly loves and serves
hisfatherland. [Gr. patriatespatrios, of one's
father or fatherlandpater, a father.]
patriotic, pa-tri-otik, adj., like a patriot; actuated
by a love of one's country ; directed to the public
welfare.adv. patriotically,
patriotism, p5'tri-ot-izm, n., quality ofbeingpatri
otic; love of one's country,
patristic, p.vtris'tik, patristical, pa-tris'tik-al, adj.,
pertaining to the fathers of the Christian
Church.
Patron, pa'trun, n. lit. one acting as a father; a
protector ; one who countenances ; one who has
the gift of a benefice.fern, patroness, pa'trun-es.
[L. patronttspater, a father.]
patronage, patrun-Sj, n., the support of a patron;
guardianship of saints ; the right of bestowing
offices, privileges, or church benefices.
patroness, pa'trun-cs,fern, of Patron.
patronise, pat'run-Tz, v.t., to act aspatron toward;
to support ; to assume the air of a patron to:
Pr.p. pat'ronlsing ; Pa.p. patronised.*. pat'ron-
iaer.adv. pat'ronisingly.
Patronymic, pat-rd-nim'ik, Patronymlcal, pat-rG-mm'-
fate, far; me", her; mine;
Pawl
ik-al, adj. derivedfrom the name ofafather or
ancestor. [Gr. paler, a father, onoma, a name.]
patronymic, pat-r5-nim'ik, n., a name taken from
one'sfather or ancestor.
Patrol, pa-tr&T, v.t'. lit. to paddle or tread about ;
to go the rounds in a camp or garrison.v.t. to
pass round as a sentry '.pr.p. patrOll'ing ; pa.p.
patrolled'.n. the marching round of a guard in
the night ; the guard which makes a patrol. [Fr.
patrouiller, to paddle ; Sp.patrulia; from root
pat, to tread.]
Patron, Patronymic, &c. See under Patriarch .
Patten, paten, n. lit. a skate ; a wooden sole with
an iron ring worn under the shoe to keep it from
the wet : the base of a pillar. {Ft.patin, a skate,
clog; It. pattino, a skate; from pat, the sound
of the foot in walking.J
Patter, pater, v.L, to pat or strike often, as hail :
pr.p. pattering ; Pa.p. pattered, [a freq. of Pat.]
Pattern, patern, n. Ht. a patron, or one whom we
imitate ; that which is to be copied ; a model ; an
example ; style of ornamental work ; anything to
serve as a guide in forming objects. [Fr. patron.
See Patron.]
Patty, pati, n.,a little pie. [Fr. pat/.] See Paste.
Panclty, paw'sit-i, n.,fewness; smallness of number
or quantity. [L. paucitaspaucus, few ; akin
to Gr. paud, to cause to cease.]
Paunch, pansh or pawnsh, n., the bowels ; the belly
and its contents.v.t. to pierce or rip the belly
of ; to eviscerate :Pr.p. paunch'ing ; Pa.p.
paunched'. [old Ft. panche; Fr. panse; It.
pancia; L. Pantex, pant'ids.]
Panper, paw*per, n., apoorperson; one supported
by charity or some public provision. [L.]
pauperism, paw'per-izm, state ofbeingapauper.
pauperise, paw'per-Tz, v.t., to reduce to pauperism :
pr.p. pauperising; pa.p. pau'peiTsed.n. pan-
perlaa'tion.
Pause, pawz, ., a ceasing; a temporary stop;
cessation caused by doubt ; suspense ; a mark for
suspending the voice : in music, a mark shewing
continuance of a note or rest.v.L to make a
pause '.pr.p. pausing \Pa.p. paused'. [L.pausa;
Gr. Pausis, from Paud, to cause to cease.]
paualngly, pawx/ing-li,d<R'., withpauses; by breaks.
Pave, pav, v.t., to beat or lay down stone, &c to
form a level surface for walking on ; to prepare,
as a way or passage '.pr.p. paVing ;pa.fi. paved'.
n. paver. [ Ft.paver; L.pavio, Gr.joi<J,to beat.]
pavement, paVmcnt, ., that which is paved; a
paved causeway or floor ; that with which any
thing is paved. [L. pavimentum.]
pavior, paVyur, ., one whose trade is topave.
Pavilion, pa-vil'yun, n. lit. that which is spread
out like the wings of a butterfly ; a tent ; an
ornamental building often turreted or domed :
mil., a tent raised on posts.v.t. to furnish with
pavilions '-pr.p. pavilioning ; P*<P- pavil'ioned.
[Fr. pavilion, L, papilio, a butterfly, a tent.]
Paw, paw, ., the foot of a beast of prey having
claws : the hand, used in contemptv.t. to draw
the fore-foot along the ground like a horse.v.t.
to scrape with the fore-foot ; to handle with the
paws : to handle roughly ; to flatter :pr.p. pav/-
ing ; pa.p. pawed'. iW.pawen {palf, the hand),
old Fr. poue, allied to L. pes, pedis, Gr. pous,
Podos, the foot. Sans, pad, to go.]
pawed, pawd, adj., havingpaws; broad footed.
Pawl, pawl, n., apale or stake ; a short bar of wood
mOte ; mute; mOOn; then.
 Pawn
or iron used to prevent the recoil of a windlass,
&c. ; a catch. [W. pawl, a stake, conn, with
L. Palus, a stake.]
Pawn, pawn, n. lit. that which binds} something
given as security for the repayment of money.
v.t. to give tn pledge :/r./. pawn'ing; fa.p.
pawned'. [ITr.pan, lt.pegno, L. pignus, a pledge,
from Pango, Gr. pegnud, to bind. See Pack.]
pawnbroker, pawn'brOk-er, n., a broker who lends
money on pawns or pledges.
pawner, pawn'er, . , one whogives aPawn or pledge
as security for money borrowed.
Pawn, pawn, n. lit. afoot-soldier ; a common piece
in chess. [Fr. pion, old Fr. peon, It. pedone, a
foot-soldier, from L. pes, pedis, the foot.]
Pay, pa, v.t., to appease or bring fa peace; to dis
charge a debt ; to requite with what is deserved ;
to reward ; to punish.v.t. to recompense :
Pr.p. pay'ing ;pa. t. and Pa.p. paid.. that which
satisfies ; money given for service ; salary, wages.
n. pa/er. [Fr. Payer, It. Pagare, h.pacare,
to appease, fromPax, pads, peace. See Peace. ]
payable, pa'a-bl, adj., that trtay be paid; that
ought to be paid.
payee, p."i-c', ., one to whom money is paid.
paymaster, p5'mas-tcr, n., the master whopays ; an
officer in the army whose duty it is to pay soldiers.
payment, pi'ment, the act of paying; that
which is paid ; recompense ; reward.
Pea, p, n. a common plant much cultivated for
food, so called from the peas requiring to be
Peeled from the pod.def. //. peas ; indef. //.
pease. [A.S. pise, Yt.pois, L. pisum, Gr. fison,
from ptissd, to husk, to winnow. Sans, pish, to
bruise. Pea is erroneously formed, the s of the
root being mistaken for the sign of the plural.]
Peace, pes, n. lit. that which binds or fastens; a
state of quiet ; freedom from disturbance; free
dom from war ; friendliness ; calm ; rest ; har
mony ; silence.int. silence ! hist !Hold one's
peace, to be silent. [A.S.pais, Yr.paix, h.pajc,
Pacis, from root pag, as in Pango, Gr. PegnuJ,
Sans, pap, to bind or fasten.]
peaceable, pcs'a-bl, adj., disposed to peace; quiet;
tranquil.adv. peace'ably,n. peace'ableness.
peaceful, peVfoot, adj.,full ofpeace; quiet, tran
quil; calm; serene.adv. peace fully.n. peace'-
folnese.
peacemaker, pcYm5k-cr, n., one who makes or
produces peace. [Peace, and Maker.]
peace offering, pfis'-of-cr-ing, n., an offering pro
pitiating peace; among the Jews, an offering to
God, cither in gratitude for past or petition for
future mercies ; satisfaction to an offended person.
peace-officer, pes'-of-is-er, ., an offcer whose duty
it is to preserve the peace; a police-officer.
peace-party, p5s'-par-ti, n. a political party advocat
ing the preservation ofpeace.
Peach, pech, n. lit. the Persian apple ; a tree with
delicious fruit.adj. peach'y. [Fr. Ptche, It.
pesco,pcrsico, L. persicum {malum), the Persian
(apple), from Persicus, belonging to Persia.]
peach-coloured, p6ch'-kul-urd, adj., ofthe colour of
a peach blossom, pale red.
Peacock, peTcok, . a large gallinaceous bird re
markable for the beauty of its plumage, named
from its cry.fern, pea'hen. [Pea, from A.S.
pawa, Fr. paon, L.pavo, Gr. tads, and Cock.]
Pea-jacket, peV-jak-ct, ., a coarse thick jacket worn
especially by seamen. [Pea, from Dutch, pipe,
coarse thick cloth, and Jacket.]
fate, fir -, mC, her ; mine ;
368
Pectinal
Peak, pk, n., apoint; the pointed end ofanything ;
the top of a mountain : naut., the upper outer
corner of a sail extended by a gaff or yard, also
the extremity of the gaff. [A.S. peac, Fr. pL;
It picco, W. Pig, a point, It. Peac, Gael. bcic.\
See Beak, ana Pike.
peaked, pekt, adj., pointed ; ending in a point.
peaklsh, pSk'ish, adj., havingpeaks.
Peal, pel, v.i., to resound like a bell; to utter or
give forth loud or solemn sounds.v.t. to assail
with noise; to celebrate '.pr.p. peal'ing; Pa.p.
pealed'.n. a loud sound ; a set of bells tuned
to each other ; the changes rung upon a set of
bells. [Ice. bylia, to resound, bialla, a bell.]
Pean. Sec Psan.
Pear, par, n. a common tree bearing delicious fruit ;
the fruit itself. [A.S. Peru, Ice. pera, Fr. Poire,
It. P<ra, L. pirus, the fruit, pirum, the tree.]
Pearl, perl, n. lit. a small berry; a well-known
shining gem, found in several shell-fish, but most
in the mother-of-pearl oyster : anything round
and clear; anything very precious; a jewel; a
white speck or film on the eye: in print., the
smallest type except diamond.adj. made of or
belonging to pearls.v.t. to set or adorn with
pearls :pr.p. pearling ; pa.p. pearled'. [A.S. ;
Fr. Perle, It. perla, old Ger. perala, berala, a
dim. ofbeere, a berry : also given from L.perula,
frompirum, a pear.]
pearly, pcrl'i, adj., containingor resembling/Varir;
clear; pure; transparent.. pearl'lnes*.
pearl-ash, perl'-ash, n. a purer carbonate of potash,
obtained by calcining potashes, so called from its
pearly-vihite colour.
Feasant, pez'ant, ., a countryman; a rustic; one
whose occupation is rural labour.adj. of or
relating to peasants ; rustic ; rural, [old Fr.pals-
ant, Fr. paysan, from Pays, L. Pagus, a district,
a country. See Pagan.]
peasantry, pez'ant-ri, n., the body ofpeasants or
tillers of the soil ; rustics ; labourers.
Pease, pez, indef. pi. of Pea.
Peat, pet, n. a vegetable substance like turf, found
in boggy places, and used as fuel.adj. peat'y.
[acc. to Wedgwood, from old E. bete, to mend
a fire. Perhaps allied to Ice. pittr, a pool, or to
Ger. pfutze, a bog.] *
Pebble, pebl, n. a small roundish ball or stone ;
transparent and colourless rock-crystal. [A.S.
pabol; Icc.pffpull, a ball.]
pebbled, pebld, pebbly, pebli, adj.,full ofpebbles.
Peccable, pek'a-bl, adj. , liable to sin.n. peccabU'lty.
[Fr., It. peccabile, from L. pecco, -atum, to sin.]
peccadillo, pek-a-dil'lO, n., a little or trifling sin; a
petty fault. [Sp. pecadillo, dim. of pecadoL.
Pcccatum. a sin.]
peccant, pek'ant, adj., sinning; transgressing;
guilty; morbid; offensive; bad.adv. pecc'antly.
n. peccancy. [L. peccans, -antis% pr.p. of
Pecco.']
Peck, pek, n. a dry measure = 2 gallons, or \ of a
bushel. [Fr. picotin ; prob. a form of Pack.]
Peck, pek, v.t., to strike with the beak ; to pick up
with the beak ; to strike with anything pointed ;
to strike with repeated blows '.pr.p. peck'ing ;
Pa.p. pecked', [old Fr. becyuer, It. beccare,
from bee] See Beak,
pecker, pek er, n. , one whoPecks; a woodpecker.
Pectin*!, pck'tin-al, adj., pertaining to or like a
comb.n. a fish with bones like the teeth of a
mOte ; mute ; mSOn ; thtn.
 pectinate
comb. [L. pecten, pectinis, a comb^fecto, Gr.
pekted, from pekS, to comb.)
pectinate. pck'tin-3t, pectinated, pck'tin-at-ed, adj.,
resemblingthe teeth ofa comb.adv. pec'tlnately.
n. pectlna'tion, the state of being pectinated.
Pectoral, pck'tor-al, adj., relating to the breast or
chest.. a pectoral fin : a medicine for the chest.
adv. pec'torally.
pectoris, the breast.)[Fr. ; L. pectoralispectus,
Peculate, pek'u-lat, v.t., to take what one ought
not; to steal \f>r.p. pec/Alaiing ; Pa.p. pcc'G-
Uted.n. peculation. [L. peculor, peculatus,
fromPcculium,private propertypecunia, money
Pecus, Pecoris, cattle.] See Pecuniary, under.
peculator, pek'fl-la-tor, n., one who takes what he
ought not.
peculiar, pe-kul'yar, adj. lit. relatingtoprivatepro
perty; one's own;appropriate; particular; strange.
adv. peculiarly.. peculiarity, pe-kul-i-ar'it-i.
[L. peculiarispeculium, private property.]
pecuniary, pc-ku'ni-ar-i, adj., relating to money.
adv. pecuniarily. [L. pecuniariuspecunia,
moneypecus, cattle, cattle forming orig. the
wealth of the Romans.]
Pedagogue, ped'a-gog, n. lit. a leaderofa boy to and
from school ; a teacher ; a pedant. [Fr. ; L.pada-
gogus, Gr. paidagdgospais, /aides, a boy,
agSgos, a leaderago", to lead.]
pedagogic, pccPa-goj'ik, pedagogical, ped-a-goj'ik-al,
adj., relating to teaching.
pedagogics, ped-a-goj'iks, pedagogy, ped'a-goj-i, .,
the science ofteaching.
pedant, ped'ant, n lit. a pedagogue ; one making
a vainand useless display of learning. [Fr., contr.
from L. p<cdagogans, -antispardagogo, to edu-
catcpadagogus.]
pedantic, ped-ant'ik, pedantlcal, ped-ant'ik-al, adj. ,
belonging to a Pedant; vainly displaying know
ledge.
pedantry, ped'ant-ri, n. , the qualifies ofa pedant ;
a vain and useless display of learning.
Pedal, pedal or pedal, adj., belonging to afoot.
n. something acted on by the foot ; in musical
instruments, a levermoved by the foot. [ L. pedalis
pes, pedis, Gr. Pous, podos, Sans, pad, the foot.]
Pedant, &c. See under Pedagogue.
Peddle, pedl, v.i. to travel about with a basket or
bundle of goods, esp. small-wares, for sale ; to be
busy about trifles.v.t. to retail in very small
quantities :pr.p. peddling ; pa,p. pedd'led.
[prov. E. peader, fromped, a basket.]
peddler, pedler, pedlar, pcalcr, n., one who Peddles
or travels about on foot with small-wares for sale.
peddlery, pedler-i, ., the trade of a Pedler; the
wares sold by a pedler.
peddling, pcdling, the trade ofa Pedler.
Pedestal, ped'cs-tal, . the foot or base of a pillar,
&c. [Sp. ; It. piedestalloL. pes, pedis, foot,
and It. sialic, a place.] See BtalL
Pedestrian, pe-des'tri-an, adj., going on foot; per
formed on foot.n. one journeying on foot; an
expert walker. [L. pedestrispes, pedis, the foot]
pedestrianlim, pc-des tri-an-izm, n., agoing onfoot;
walking ; the act or practice of a pedestrian.
Pedicel, p^d'i-sel, Pedicle, pcd'i-kl, n., the littlefoot-
stalk by which a leaf or fruit is fixed on the tree.
[Fr. pedicelleL. pediculus, dim. ofpes, foot.]
Pedigree, ped'i-gre", n, a register of descent by steps
from ancestors or forefathers ; lineage; geneal
ogy, [of uncertain etymology : perh. corrupted
from Fr. gris or degris despires L. gradus
fate, far ; me", her ; mine ;
X
pelt
Patrumgradus, a stepgradior, to go, and
Patrum, genitive pi. ofPater, a father.]
Pediment, ped'i-ment, n. in arch., a triangular or
circular ornament, which finishes the fronts of
buildings' and serves as a decoration over gates.
adj. pedlment'aJ. [from L. pes, Pedis, foot.]
Pedler, Pedlar. See under Peddle.
Pedobaptlam, pc-do-bap'tizm, ., infant baptism,
[Gr. Pais, paidos, a child, and baptism.]
pedobaptist, pe-do-bap'tist, n. one who believes in
infant baptism.
Peduncle, pe-dungTd, n. same as PediceL [Fr. sV-
donculelow L.pedunadusL. pes,pedis, foot.]
Peel, pel, v.t. to strip off the skin or bark : to bare ;
to plunder.v.i. to come off, as the skin xpr.p.
peel'ing ;Pa.p. peeled'.. the skin, rind, or nark.
[old Fr. Peler, to unskin, Fr. piller, L. pilo, to
plunder, from piius, a hair : or from pellis, Gr.
Pella, a skin.]
peeled, peld, adj. stripped of skin, rind, or bark :
plundered.
peeler, pCl'er, n. , one who Peels ; a plunderer.
Peep, pep, v.i. to cry as a chicken ; to chirp : to look
through a narrow space ; to look slily or closely : to
begin to appear;-j>r.p. peep'ing ; pa.p. peeped'.
n. the cry ofa chicken: a slylook : a beginning to
appear. [Dutch,/*r/Va; Tr.pepier; h.pipio ;Gr.
pipizo, to chirp ; and then prob. transferred from
the sound made by chickens on the first break
ing of the shell to the look accompanying it.]
peeper, pep'er, ., one that peeps; a chicken just
breaking the shell.
Peer, per, v.i., to comejust in sight; to appear : to
look narrowly ; to peep :Pr.p. peer'ing ; Pa.p.
peered'. [L. parra, to come forth.]
Peer, per, an equal; an associate : a nobleman ;
a member of the House of Lords.fern, peer ear
[old Fr. ; Norm. Pair; It. pariL. par, equal.]
peerage, per'aj, ., tlie rank or dignity ofa Peer;
the body of peers.
peerless, peVles, adj., having no peer or equal;
matchless.adv. peerlessly., peer'lenness.
Peevish, peVish, adj. habitually fretful ; easily
annoyed ; hard to please.adv. peevishly.n.
peevishness., [old E. pevisdie; prob. corrupted
from Fr. pervert, E. perverse, by omitting the
peg, n. a wooden pin forfastening boards, &c. :
one of the pins of a musical instrumentv.t. to
fasten withapeg:^r./.pegg'ing \Pa.p. pegged',
[akin to Gr. pignuS, to fasten. See Pack.]
pegged, pegd, adj.,fastened or supplied withPegs.
Pelagian, pc-la ji-an, n. one who holds the views of
Pelagius, a British monk of the 4th century, in
respect to original sin.adj. pertaining to Pela
gius and his doctrines.n. Pela'gUnlwn, the doc
trines ofPelagius.
Pelf, pelf, n. orig. wealth acquired by pilfering;
riches; money, [prob. allied to Pilfer.]
Pelican, peli-kan, n. a large water-fowl, having an
enormous bill of the shape of an axe. [L. peli-
canus; Gr. pelikanpelekus, an axe.]
Pelisse, pe-les', . orig. afurred robe, now a silk
habit worn by ladies. [Fr.L. pellis, a skin. J
Fell, pel, n., a skin or hide; a roll of parchment.
[L. pellis, a skin or hide.]
pellicle, pcl'i-kl, ., a thin skin or film ; the film
which gathers on liquors.
pelt, pelt, . a raw hide : the quarry or prey of a
hawk all torn.
mOtc ; mute ; mOon ; then.
 peltry
, pelt'ri, n. the skins of animals producing
fur; furs.
Pellet, pcl'et, n. a little ball, as of lint or wax. [ Fr.
pelote, low L. pelota, h.pila, a ball to play with.]
pelleted, pel'et-cd, adj., consisting of pellets ;
pelted, as with bullets.
pelt, pelt, v.t., to strike with Pellets, or with some
thing thrown ; to throw or cast :fr.p. pelt'ing ;
Pa.p. pelr/ed.n. a blow from a pellet, or from
_, pelt ing, . an assault with, aPellet, or with
anything thrown.
Pell-mell, n. same as Pall-mall.
Pell-mell, pcl-mel'. adv., mixed confusedly : pro
miscuously. [Fr. pile-mile, pesle-mesle ; pesle
being prob. an unmeaning rhyming addition to
mesle, from mesler, to mix.]
Pellucid, pel-lGO'sid, adj., Perfectly clear; transpar
ent.adv. pellu'cidly.n. pellu cidneea [L. pel-
lucidusper, perfectly, and lucidus, clearlucto,
to shine.]
Pelt, a skin. See under Pell.
Pelt, to strike. Pelting. See under Pellet.
Pelvis, pelvis, *. the basin or bony cavity forming
the lower part of the abdomen. [L.]
, Pemican, peml-kan, n. orig. a N. Ameri
can Indian preparation, consisting of lean
venison, dried, pounded, and pressed into cakes,
but introduced into the British navy for the
Arctic expeditions.
Pen, pen, v.t., to shut up; to incage :Pr.p. penn'-
ing ; Pa.p. penned' or pentn. a small inclosure ;
a coop. [A.S. Pyndan, to shut up.]
Pen, pen, n. an instrument used for writing, for
merly of thefeather of a bird^ but now or steel,
&c.v.t. towrite :/r./.penn ing ; /a./.penned'.
[A.S. pinn ; old Fr. penneLt.penna, old form
Petna, a featherGr. petomai, Sans, pat, to fly.]
pennate, penal, pennated, pen'St-cd, adj., winged.
penknife, pen'nlf, n. a small knife orig. for making
and mending quill pens.
penman, pen'man, a man skilled in the use of
the pen ; an author,
penmanship, pen'man-ship, n., the use of thePen in
writing; art of writing : manner of writing.
Penal, pfi'nal, adj., pertaining topunishment ; in
curring, or denouncing punishment ; used for
punishment.adv. penally. [L. poenaHsPasna,
Gr. point, punishment]
penalty, pen al-ti, n., punishment; personal or
pecuniary punishment : a fine,
penance, pen'ans, n. in the R. C. Church, thepunish
ment inflicted by a penitent upon himself.
Pence, pens, n. plural of Penny.
Pencil, pen'sil, n. lit a little tail; a small hair-brush
for laying on colours ; any pointed instrument for
writing or drawing, without ink : a collection of
rays : the art ofpainting or drawing.v.t. to write,
sketch, or mark with a pencil ; to paint or draw :
Pr.p. pencilling ; fa 'p. pen'cilled. [L. penicil-
lum = peniculus, diminutive ofpenis, a tail.]
pencilled, pen'sild, adj. written or marked with a
pencil: having pencils of rays ; radiated : in hot. ,
marked with fine lines, as with a pencil,
pencilling, pcn'sil-ing, . the art of writing, sketch
ing, or marking with a pencil; a sketch.
Pendant, pend'ant, anythinghanging, especially
for ornament ; an earring ; a long narrow flag, at
the head of the principal mast in a royal ship.
1 L. pendens, -enlispendeo, to hang.]
fate, far ; me", her ; mine ;
Penny
pendence, pend'ens, pendency, pend'en-si, n., a /tang
ing in suspense ; state of being undecided.
pendent, pendent, adj., hanging ; projecting :
supported above the- ground or base.adv.
pend'eatly.
pending, pending, adj., hanging; remaining unde
cided ; not terminated.used as Prep, during,
pendulous, pend'u-lus, adj., hanging; swinging.
adv. pend'uloualy.ns. pend'ulouaneae, penduW-
lty. [L. pendulus.]
pendulum, pcnd'u-lum, n. any weight so hung or
suspended from a fixed point as to swing freely,
pensile, pen'sTl, adj., hanging; suspended.n. pea'-
allenets. [L. pensilisyendeo, to hang. ]
Penetrate, pen'e-trat, v. t., to thrust into the inside ;
to pierce into : to affect the feelings ; to under
stand ; to find out.v.t. to make way ; to pass
inwards \Pr.p. pcn'etrSting ; Pa.p. pen'etrited.
[L. penetro, -atumroot Pen, within.]
penetrable, pcn'e-trabl, adj., that may be Pene
trated or pierced by another body ; capable of
having the mind affected.ns. penetrabil ity,
pen'etrableaeem,adv. pen etrably,
penetrating, pen'e-trat-ing, adj., piercing at enter
ing ; sharp ; subtle ; acute ; discerning,
penetration, pen-e-tra'shun, n., the act ofpenetrat
ing or entering : acutencss ; discernment,
penetrative, pen e-trSt-iv, adj., tending to Pene
trate ; piercing : sagacious : affecting the mind.
adv. penetratively.n, peu'etratlveneas.
Penguin, pen'gwin, Plnguln, pin'gwin, n. an aquatic
bird in the southern hemisphere, so called from its
fatness, [from L. pinguis, fat]
Peninsula, pen-in'su-ta, . land so surrounded by
water as to be almost an island. [h.pame,
almost, insula, an island.] See Insular. /
peninsular, pen-in'sQ-lar, adj., pertaining to a
peninsula ; in the form of a peninsula ; inhabit
ing a peninsula,
pen!nmlate, pen-in'su-lat, v.t., toform into a pen
insula; to surround almost entirely with water.
Penitent, pen'i-tent, adj. suffering pain or sorrow
for sin ; contrite ; repentantn. one grieved for
sin : one under penance.adv. panltentty. [L.
Pamitens, -entispamiteo, to cause to i-epent
panio, punio, to punish;poena, punishment.]
penitential, pen-i-ten'shal, adj., pertaining to or
expressive ofPenitence.n. a book of rules relat
ing to penance.adv. penlten'tlally.
penitentiary, pen-i-tcn'shar-i, adj., relating to Pen
ance; penitential.n. a penitent: an office at
the court of Rome for secret bulls, &c. : a place
for penance ; a house of correction for oifenders.
Penknife, Penman, Penmanship. See under Pan.
Pennant, pen'ant, Pennon, pcn'un, n. a smill flag;
a banner ; a long narrow piece of bunt in; ; at the
mastheads of ships-of-war. [L. penna, a 1 cather ;
or pendeo, to hang ; orpannus, a cloth.]
Pennate, pen'nat, Pennated, pen'nat-cd, adj.; vinged:
in hot. , same as Pinnate. [L. fennatus- -penna,
feather, wing.]
Penniless. See under Fenny.
Pennon. See Pennant.
pen'i, n. a copper coin, orig. silver = of
a shilling, or four farthings ; a sma 1 sum ;
money in general : in Newg^Test., a sil tcr coin
7^* :'n fl- psnnlea (pen'iz), deno ing the
number of coins, pence (pens), the ai lount of
pennies in value. [A.S. pening, pernr ; Ger,
Pfennig; Ice. Peningr, cattle, money, because
cattle used to represent the money of pastoral
mote ; mate ; mSon ; /en.
 pennyweight Perch
people: or from Bret, gwennek, dim. of gwen, penurious, pen-Q'ri-us, adj., shewing penury or
white, from the coin being of silver.] scarcity ; not bountiful ; sordid ; miserly.adv.
pennyweight, pen'i-wat, n. lit the weight ofa silver penu'rlously.n. penu'rlousseae.
fenny; twenty-four grains of troy weight. Peony, pe'o-ni, n. a plant having beautiful crimson
pennyworth, pen'i-wurth, ., a penny's "worth of flowers, [from Gr. PaiSn, Apollo, who used this
anything : a good bargain. plant to heal the wounds of the gods.]
penniless, pen'i-les, adj., without a penny; with People, pe'pl, n. persons generally ; an indefinite
out money ; poor. number: inhabitants; a nation : the vulgar; the
Pensile. See under Pendant, populace.in //. peoples (pfi'plz), races, tribes.
Pension, pen'shun, n. lit, a weighing; orig. pay v.t. to stock with people or inhabitants '.pr.p.
ment; a stated allowance to a person for past peopling ; Pa.p. pco'pled. [Fr. Penfle; L. Papa
services; a sum paid to a clergyman in place of ins, prob. from pie, root of plebs, people, Gr.
tithes.v.t. to grant a pension to:pr.p. pen polys, E. FulLj
sioning; Pap. pen'sioned. [L. perniopendo,
Pensum, to weigh, pay, akin to pendeo, to hang.J Pepper, pungent
pep'er, . a plant and its fruit, with a hot,
taste.v.t. to sprinkle with pepper:
pensionary, pen'shun-ar-i, adj., receivingapension ; pr.p. pepp'ering ; pa.p. pepp'ered. [A.S.peppor,
consisting of a pension.. one who receives a I*. Piper, Gr.peperi, Szns. pippali.]
pension; a chief magistrate of a Dutch town. pepper-corn, pep dr-korn, n. , the com or berry ojthe
pensioner, pen'shun-er, one who receives a pen* Pepper plant : something of little value. '
sion ; a dependent.
pensive, pen'siv, adj., weighing in the mind; aromatic and pungent .likea PtPPer
peppermint, per/er-mint, species of mint,
; a liquor
thoughtful ; reflecting ; expressing thoughtful- distilled from the plant.
ness with sadness.adv. pen'strely.n. pen'slve- peppery, pep'er-i, adj., possessing the qualities of
bw. [from h.penso, to weighpendo.] Pepper; hot; pungent.
Pent, /. of Pen, to shut up.
Pentachord, pen'ta-kord, n. a musical instrument Peptlne, per/sin, n. one of the essential constituents
of the gastric juice, used in the process of dtges-
vf'uhfivestrings. [Gr.pentachordos, five-stringed tion. [Gr. pepsis, digestionpepto, pessd, to
pente, five, chordi, string.] cook, digest.]
pentagon, pen'ta-gon, n. in geom., a plane figure peptic, peptik, adj., relatingto or promoting diges
havingJive angles and five sides,adj. pentag tion. [Gr. peptikospepta, to digest.]
onal. [Or.PenLfgdnonpente, f\vz,gdnia,&ngle.) Peradventure, per-ad-vent'Qr, adv., By adventure;
pentahedron, pefi-ta-hfi'dron, n. in geom., a solid by chance ; perhaps, [h.per,
figure hsvingJfffW equal sides. [Gr. pente, five, Perambulate, per-am'bu-liit, v.t., toby,walk Adventure.]
through
and hedra, scat, base.]adj. pentahe'dral, having or over ; to pass through to survey '.pr.p. per
jive equal sides.
pentameter, pen-tam'e-ter, n. a verse of Jive bulo, -atumper, through, and ambulo, toperam-
ambulating; Pa.p. perambulated. [L.
measures or feet.adj. having five feet. [Gr. perambulation, per-am-bu-lashun, n., act ofwalk.] Per
fentametrosPente, five, and metron, a measure.]
pentangular, pent-ang'gu-lar, adj., having Jive ambulating; has the right
the district within which a person
of inspection.
angles. [Gr. Pente, five, and Angular.]
pentarchy, pen'tar-ki, n.t government by Jiveper perambulator, pcr-am bQ-lat-or, one who per
ambulates: an instrument for measuring dis
sons. [Gr. pente, five, arche, rule.]
pentatench, pen'ta-tuk, n. the firstfive books of the tances on roads : a light carriage for a child.
Old Testament. [Gr. pentateuchospente, five, per-seV, v.t. lit. to take or comprehend
and teuchos, a tool, book, from teuchd, to prepare.] perfectly; to obtain knowledge through the
pentatenchaJ, pen-ta-tGk'al, adj., pertaining to the senses ; to sec ; to understand ; to discern :/n/.
Pentateuch. \ perceiving ; Pa.p. perceived'.n. perceiVer. [Fr.
Pentecost, pen'te-kost, . a Jewish festival on the percevoir; h.perctfio,perceptumper, perfectly,
fiftieth day after the Passover in commemora perceivable, and capio, to take.]
tion of the giving of the law : Whitsuntide. [Gr. per-seVa-bl, same as perceptible.adv.
penttkosti [himera], the fiftieth (day)]. percelv'ably, same as perceptibly,
pentecottal, pen-te-kost'al, adj., pertaining to perceptible, per-ser/ti-bl.o^/'., thatcan bePerceived;
that may be known ; discernible.adv. percep'-
Pentecost.
Pent-house, pent'-hous, n., a shed'hangingout'from a tibly.n. tible.
perceptibility, quality ofbeing percep
building, [a corr. of pentice~r, pente, slope, perception, per-sep'shun, act ofperceiving; dis
as if from L. pendo, to hang, and Home.}
pent-roof, pcnt'-rOof, n. lit. a lianging rooj; a roof cernment : in phil., the faculty of perceiving ;
the evidence of^external objects by our I _
with a slope on one side only. perceptive, per-sep'tiv, adj., having the power of
Penult, pc-nulr/ or penult, Penultima, pe-nulr/i-ma, Perceivingordiscerning.n. perccptiv ity, quality
n. lit. the almost last; the syllable last but one. ofbeingperceptive.
[L. penultima/<rf, almost, nttimus, last.] percipient, pcr-sip'i-ent, adj.,perceiving; having the
penultimate, pc-nult'i-mat, adj. lit. almost last; faculty of perception.n. one who perceives.
last but one.n. the penult. Perch, perch, n. a genus of voracious fishes, so
Penumbra, pc-num'bra, n. lit. anything almost a called from their dusky colour. [Fr.perche;
shadoiu ; a partial shadow round the perfect Perca ; Gr. Perkl, from perkos, dark-coloured.]It.
shadow of an eclipse ; the part of a picture where
the light and shade blend. [L. pane, almost, Perch, perch, n. lit that which extends out; any
and umbra, shade.] thing on which birds roost ; a measure = s\ yds. ;
y, pen'G-ri, want; absence of means or a square measure = 30J square yards.v.t. to sit
es; poverty. [L. penuria, akin to Gr. or roost on a perch; to settle.v.t. to place,
as on a perch \pr.p. perch'ing; pa,p. perched'.
*.*', to toil, to have need of.]
f5te, far ; me*, her ; mine ; mOte ; mate ; mOOn ; Men.
 percher Peril
[Fr. perche ; L. Pertica, prob. from Pertingo, to ous.adv. perfld'ioualy.n. perfid'looxneat. [L.
reach, to extend.] perfidiosusperfidia. ]
percher, perch er, ., that which perches; a bird Perfoliate, per-fu'li-at, adj. in bot. , having the stem
that perches on trees. as it were passing through the leaf having the
Perchance, per-chans', adv., by chance; perhaps. leafround the stem at the base. [L. per, through,
[L. per, by, and Chance.] folium, a leaf]
Percipient. See under Perceive. Perforate, peVfo-r5t, v.t., to bore through; to
Percolate, pcrTco-liU, v.t., to strain through; to pierce ; to make a hole through '.-pr.p. pcrYorSt-
filter.v.i. to filter:/r./. percolating ; Pa.p, mg ; fa.p. perforated. [L. perforo, -atum
percolated. [L. percolo, -atumper, through, Per, through,foro, to bore, akin to Bore.]
colo, to strain.! perforation, per-fo-rS'shun, n., act of boring or
percolation, pcr-ko-lii'shun, n., act ofpercolating or piercing through : a hole through anything.
filtering. perforator, perTo-r5t-or, an instrument for
percolator, perTco-la-tor, afiltering vessel. Perforating or boring.
Percussion, per-kush'un, n. lit. astridingthoroughly; Perforce, per-fors', adv., by force; violently; of
the striking ofone bodyagainst another ; collision, necessity- [L.per, by, and Porce.]
or the shock produced by it ; impression of sound Perform, per-form', v.t.r toform or do thoroughly ;
on the ear: in med., the tapping upon the body to carry out; to achieve ; to actv.i. to do ; to
to find the condition of an internal organ by the act a part ; to play, as on a musical instrument :
sounds. [L. percussiopcTtutio, Percussum pr.p. performing ; Pa.p. performed'. ["L.per,
per, thoroughly, and quatio, to shake, strike.] thoroughly, andformo, to form.]
percussive, per-kus'iv, adj., striking against. performable, pcr-fonn'a-bl, adj., capable of being
Perdition, per-dish'un, . lit. state of being put performed; practicable.
entirety away ; the utter loss of happiness in a performance, pcr-form'ans, n., act ofperforming
future state. [L. Pcrditioperdo, /erditum carrying out of something : something done ;
per, entirely, and do, Sans, aha, to put.] public execution of anything ; an act or action.
Peregrinate, per'e-grin-St, v.i., to travel through performer, pcr-form'er, n., one who performs, esp.
the country; to travel about ; to live in a foreign one who makes a public exhibition of his skill.
country :Pr.p. peregrinating ; Pa.p. per'egnn- Perfume, pe^fum or pcr-fum', n. odorous smoke;
Sted. [L.pcregrinor, -atumptrrgrinus, foreign
Perrger, away from home, probably from per, sweet-smelling scent ; anything which yields a
sweet odour.v.t. perfume', to fill with a pleasant
through, ager, a field, territory.] odour ; to scent '.pr.p. perfum'ing ; Pa.p. per
peregrination, per-e-grin-a'shun, ., act of pere fumed'. [Fr. parfum, Sp. perfumeL. per,
grinating or travelling about.
peregrinator, pere-grin-a-tor, ., one who peregrin perfumer, pcr-fum'er,smoke.]
through,fumus,
., one who or that which
ates or travels about. Perfumes : one who trades in perfumes.
Peremptory, peremp-tor-i, adj. lit. taking away perfumery, per-fum'er-i, n., Perfumes in general;
entirely; preventing debate ; authoritative ; dog the art of preparing perfumes.
matical.adv. peremptorily.n. per'emptorinesi. Perfunctory, per-fungk'tor-i, adj., done merely to
[L. ptremptorius, from Perimo, pcremptum get a duty through; negligent; slightadv.
Per, entirely, and emo, to take.] pernmc'torily.. perfnnc'tortneas. [L. perfunc-
Perennial, per-en'yal, adj., lasting through the toriusperfunctus, pa.p. of perfungor, to exe
year; perpetual: in dot., lasting more than two cute/rr, through, andfungor. See function.]
years.adv. perenn'lally. [L. perrnnisper, Perhaps, pcr-haps', adv., by hap or chance ; it may
through, and annus, a year.] be ; possibly. [L. per, by, and Hap.]
Perfect, per'fekt, adj., done thoroughly or com Pert, pefri, n. in Persian mythology, an imaginary
pletely; completed ; not defective ; unblemished ; female fairy. [Pers.]
possessing every moral excellence; completely
skilled or acquainted : in gram., expressing an Pericardium, per-i-kaVdi-um, n. in anat., the sac
act completed.v.t. {orper-fekt') to make perfect which surrounds the heart, [low L. jr. peri-
or complete ; to finish :Pr.p. perfecting; Pa~p. kardionperi, around, kardia, the heat.]
per'fectcd.n. per'fecter. [L. perfectus, pa.p. pericardiac, pcr-i-kaVdi-ak, pericardial, per car'dian,
ofperficioper, thoroughly, andfacio, to do.] adj., pertaining to thepericardium.
perfectible, per-fekt'i-bl, adj., that may be madsper Pericarp, pcri-karp, n. in bot., the covering, shell,
fect.M.ftiUctibil'lty,oualityofbeingPerfectible, or rind offruits ; a seed-vessel. [Gr. pericar~
perfection, pcr-fek'shun, ., state ofbeing perfect ; pionperi, around, karpos, fruit.]
a perfect quality or acquirement. pericarpial, per-i-karp'i-al, adj., pertaining to the
Pericarp.
perfectionist, per-fek'shun-ist, n., one who Pretends Pericranium,
to beperfect ; an enthusiast in religion or politics. pcr-i-kra'ni-um, n. in anat.t t lie mem
. perfec'tlonuon. brane that surrounds the cranium. [owL
perfective, per-fekt'iv, adj., tending to make per Gr. Peri, around, kranion, the skull.]
fect.adv. perfect'ively. Perigee, peri-jS, n. in astr., the point of th ; moon's
perfectly, perYekt-ly, adv., in a perfect manner; orbit nearest the earth :opposed to Apogee.
completely; exactly. [Fr. perigfeGr. peri, near, ge, the car ih.]
perfectneo, perTekt-nes, ., state or quality ofbeing Perihelion, per-i-heTi-on, Perlheliam, pcr-i- lel'i-um,
Perfect; consummate excellence. n. the point of the orbit of a planet ir comet
Perfidy, peKfi-di, fu, wantoffaithfulness: treachery. peri, near, hllios, the sun.] to Aphell n. [Gr.
nearest to the sun .'opposed
[L. perfidiaPerfidus, faithlessPer, away
irom,fides, faith.] Peril, per'il, n., that which tries; exp >sure to
perfidious, pcr-fidl-us, adj., full ofperfidy; un danger; danger.v.t. to expose to d.nger:
faithful ; violating trust or confidence ; treacher- Pr.p. perilling ; Pa.p. perilled. [Fr. j crilh.
fate, fir ; me", her ; mine ; mOte ; mDte ; mOSn ; then.
373
 perilous
periculumroot otperitus, tried, exterior, to try,
akin to Gr. Peirad, to Vry,perad, to pass through.]
perilous, per'if-us, adj.,full ofperil; dangerous.
" adv. per ilously.n. per ilousness.
Perimeter, pcr-im'c-ter, the measure round
about a body : in geom., the sum of all the sides
of a plane figure. (Gr. perimetrospcri, around,
metron, measure.]adj. perimet'rical, pertaining
to the perimeter.
Period, p'ri-ud, *. , a going round, a circuit .* the
time in which anything is performed: in astr.,
the time occupied by a body in its revolution : a
portion of time ; a series of years ; length of dur
ation: the time at which anything ends ; conclu
sion ; date ; epoch : in gram., a mark at the end
of a sentence ( . ) : in rhet., a sentence in which
the meaning is suspended till the end. [L. peri-
odus, Gr. periodosperi, around, hodos, a way.]
periodic, pa-ri-odlk, periodic*], pe>ri-od'ik-al, adj.,
Pertainingto aperiod; happeningby revolution ;
occurring at regular intervals : pertaining to peri
odicals.adv. period ically.
periodical, pe"-ri-od'ik-al, n. a magazine or other pub
lication which appears in parts at regularperiods.
n. period'fcallst, one who writes in a periodical.
periodicity, pe-ri-o-dis'it-i, n. , stateofbeingperiodic.
Peripatetic, pcr-i-pa-tet'ik, adj. lit. walking about ;
pertaining to the philosophy of Aristotle, who is
supposed to have given his instructions while
walking in the Lyceum at Athens.n. an
adherent of the philosophy of Aristotle : one ac
customed or obliged to walk. [Gr. peripatetikos
peri, about, pated, to walk.]n. peripatefldim,
the philosophy of Aristotle.
Periphery, per-if'er-i, n. lit. that which is carried
round: in geom., the circumference of a circle or
any figure. [L. peripheriaGr. Periphereia
Peri, around, pkerS, to carry.]
Periphrase, perVfraz, Periphrasis, pcr-if'ra-sis, .,
a roundabout way of speaking; the use of
more words than are necessary to express an
idea: in rhet., a figure employed to avoid a
common expression.v.t. or t. peVlphraee, to use
circumlocution:Pr.p. periphrasing ; Pa.p. per
iphrased. [Gr. periphrasisperi, round, about,
phrasis, a speakingpkrazd, to speak.]
periphrastic, pcr-i-fras'tik, peripanu'tical, adj.,
containing or expressed by periphrasis or cir
cumlocution.adv. periphr&j tlcally.
Peristyle, per'i-stTl, n. a range of columns round a
building or square ; a court, square, &c. with
columns on three sides. [L. peristylium, Gr.
peristyIonperi, around, stylos, a column.]
Perish, perish, v.t., to pass away completely ; to
waste away : to decay ; to lose life ; to be des
troyed : to be ruined or lost \pr.p. perishing ;
Pa.p. per'ished. [Fr. perir, pr.p. perissantL.
Perire, to perishper, completely, ire, to go.]
perith&ble, perish-abl, adj., that may perish or
decay ; subject to speedy decay.adv. peViib-
ably.n. per'lahableness.
Peristyle. See above Perish.
Periwig, per'i-wig, n. , a peruke or small wig. [old
E. Perriwig, perewake, corr. of Fr. perruque,
shortened into Wig. Sec Peruke.)
Periwinkle, per-i-wingkl,*. a small univalve mollusc.
[A.S. pinewinclewincle, a whellc]
Periwinkle, per-i-wingkl, n. a genus of binding or
creeping evergreen plants, growing in woods, fold
E.pervtnke,A. S.Pervince,Fr.pervencheL.per-
vinca, vincapervinca, prob. from vincio, to bind.]
fate, far; me*, her; mine;
perpetration
Perjure, per'joTSr, v.t. lit. tobreak through an oath ;
to swear falsely (followed by a reciprocal pro
noun) :pr.p. perjuring^; Pa.p. pcr'jured. [L.
perjuroper, through, juro, to swear.]
perjurer, per'jOOr-er, ., one given to perjury.
perjury, per/jur-i, ., act ofPerjuring; false swear
ing : in iaw, the act of wilfully giving false evi
dence on an oath. [L. perfurium.]
Perk, perk, v.t. orig. to make smart.v.t. to hold
u;> the head with smartness ;pr.p. perking ;
/./. perked'. [Fr. percer, to make smart, W.
pert, trim, smart.]
Permanent, pirina-nent, adj., continuing through
to the end ; durable ; lasting.adv. permanently.
[L. permanens, -entis, pr.p. of permaneoper,
through, maneo, to continue.]
permanence, per'ma-nens, per manency, -nen-si, n.t
state or quality ofbeingpermanent ; continuance
in the same state ; duration.
Permeate, per'me-St, v.t., topass through the pores
of; to penetrate and pass through :~Pr.p. per
meating; pa.p. permeated.n. permee'tlon. [L.
Permeo, -atumper, through, meo, to go.]
permeable, per'me-abl, adj., that may be perme
ated.adv. per'meably.n. permeability. [Fr.
L. permeabilis.\
Permit, pcr-mit', v.t. lit, to send through; to let
go ; to give leave to : to allow : to afford means :
Pr-P. permitting;Pa.p. permitted.n. permit.
Permission, esp. from a custom-house officer to
remove goods. [L. Permitto, -missum, to let
throughper, through, mitto, to send.]
permissible, per-misi-bl, adj., that may be per
mitted; allowable.adz<. permWibly.
permission, per-mish'un, n., act of permitting ;
liberty granted ; allowance. [Fr.L. permission
permissive, per-misiv, adj., grantingpermission at
liberty ; allowing : granted.adv. pensissively.
Permutable, pcr-mOr'a-bl, adj. , mutable or that may
be changed one far another.adv. permut'ably.
. permut/ableness. [L. permutabilisper,
through, muto, to change.]
permutation,
one thingforper-mu-tS'shun, ., act
another; in math., of changing
the arrangement
of things in every possible order.
Pernicious, per-nish'uSj adj.{ killing utterly ; hurt
ful; destructive; highly injurious. adv. perni'-
dously.n. pernl ciousness. [L. pemiciosusper-
nicies, destructionpcrtteco, to kill completely
per, completely, neco, to kill.]
Peroration, per-o-ra'shun, ., that which ends a
speech; the conclusion of aspecch. [h. peroratio
peroro, to bring a speech to an endper,
through, oro, to speakos, the mouth.]
Perpendicular, per-pen-dik'Q-lar, adj. lit according
to the plumb-line ; exactly upright ; extending in
a straight line toward the centre of the earth : in
geom., at right angles to a given line or surface.
. a perpendicular line or plane.adv. perpen
dicularly.n. perpendicularity, state ofbeingPer
pendicular. [L. perpendicularisperpendicu-
lumy a plumb-line^Per, thoroughly, and pendo,
to weigh.]
Perpetr*te,pcr/r*-trat,S'./\lit. toPerform thoroughly;
to execute ; to commit (usually m a bad sense) :
Pr.p. perpetrating ; Pa.p. perpetrated.. per
petrator. [L.pcrpetro, -atumper, thoroughly,
and patro, to appoint a father, to perform
Pater, a father.] Sec Paternal.
perpetration, per-pc-tra'shun, ., act ofperpetrating
or committing a crime : the thing perpetrated.
mOte; mute; mOTn; then.
373
 Perpetual
Perpetual, per-pet'G-al, adj. lit. going or continuing
throng/tout; never ceasing; everlasting; not
temporary.adv. perpet'uaUy. [L. Perpetuatis
Perpetuus, continuousPer, through, and root
pet, to go.]
perpetuate, per-pet/fl-atl v.t.t to make perpetual ;
to preserve from extinction or oblivion '.pr.p.
perpet'Qating ; pa.p. perpet'Qated. IL.Perpetuo,
-atum-perpetuus.\
perpetuation, per-pet-G-a'shun, n. , act ofPerpetuat
ing or preserving from oblivion.
perpetuity, per-pet-G'i-ti, ., state ofbeing perpet
ual; endless duration ; duration for an indefinite
period ; something perpetual ; the sum paid for
a perpetual annuity.
Perplex, pcr-pleks', v. t. lit. to plait or interweave
completely ; to make difficult to be understood ;
to embarrass; to puzzle ; to tease with suspense
or doubt \pr.p. perplex'ing ; Pa.p. perplexed'.
[L. perplexus, entangledPer, completely, and
Plexus, involved, fromplecto, akin to Gr. plekd,
to plait, interweave.]
perplexity, per-pleksl-ti, state of being per
plexed; intricacy; embarrassment; doubt.
Perquisite, pcrTcwi-zit, n. lit- anything inquired
after diligently; an allowance granted more
than the settled wages ; a fee allowed by law to
an officer for a specific service. [L. perquisitum,
fromperquiroPer, thoroughly, quaro, to ask.]
Perry, perl, n. the fermented juice of pears. [Fr.
Poiri, from Poire, a pear.] See Pear.
Persecute, pcr'se-kfit, v.t. lit. tofollowpersevering-
ly; to pursue so as to injure or annoy ; to harass ;
to annoy or punish, esp. for religious or political
opinions.n. per secutor. [L. persequor, perse-
cutusper, thoroughly, and sequor, to follow.]
persecution, per-se-kfcshun, act or Practice of
Persecuting: state of being persecuted.
Persevere, per-sc-vCr', v.i. lit to adhere severely
or strictly to anything ; to persist in anything ;
to pursue anything steadily perseveVing ;
Pa.p, persevered'.adv. persever'ingly. [L. per-
severoperseverus, very strictper, very, and
severus, strict. See Severe.]
perseverance, per-se-YeVans, n. , act or state ofPer
severing. [L. perseverantiaJl
Persist, per-sist7, v.t, to stand throughout to some
thing begun ; to continue in any course ; to per
severe :pr.p. pcrsist'injj; Pa.p. persisted.adv.
persist ingly. [L. persistoper, through, and
sisto, to stand, Gr. histimi, to cause to stand.]
persistence, per-sist'ens, persistency, per-sisten-si,
quality of being persistent; perseverance;
obstinacy : duration.
persistent, per-sistent, adj.,persisting ; tenacious ;
fixed: in lot., remaining till or after the fruit
is ripe.adv. parsist'ently.
Person, per'sun, ny lit. the thing sounded through,
a mask; character represented, as on the stage ;
character : an individual ; a living soul ; the
outward appearance, &c ; body : in gram., the
part played in conversation, whether speaking,
spoken to, or spoken of In person, by one's self,
not by a representative. [L. personaPersona,
-atumPer, through, and sono, to sound.]
personable, persun-abl, adj., havinga well-formed
body orperson ; of good appearance.
personage, pcr'sun-aj, n., a Person; character
represented ; an individual of eminence.
personal, per'sun-al, adj., belonging to a person;
peculiar to a person or his private concerns ;
fate, far ; me, her ; mine ;
374
pertinence
pertaining to the external appearance ; done in
person ; applying offensively to one's character :
in gram., denoting the person
personality, per-sun-al'i-ti, that which consti
tutes a person : a personal remark or reflection.
personally, per'sun-ai-li, adv., in a personal or
direct manner ; in person ; individually.
personalty, per'sun-al-ti. n. in law, personal estate
or all sort of movable property.
personate, per'sun-at, v.t., to assume the person or
character of; to represent ; to counterfeit ; to
feign \pr.p. personating ; pa.p. pcr'sonated.
. personation,
persona,tor, act ofpersonating.
per'sun-a-tor, one whoPersonates.
personify, per-son'i-fl, v.t. lit. to make a person: in
rhet., to ascribe to anything the qualities of a
person :pr.p. person'ifying ; pa.f. person ified.
. personlnca'tion, act ofpersonifying.
Perspective, per-spek'tiv, n. lit, a looking through ;
a view, vista; the art of delineating objects on a
plane surface as they appear to the eye ; a picture
in perspective.adj. pertaining or according to
perspective. [Fr. ; from L. perspicic, Perspecturn
Per, through, and specio, to look.]
perspectively, per-spek'tiv-Ii, adv., according to the
rules ofPerspective.
perspicacious, per-spi-ka'shus, adj. lit seeing
through; of acute understanding.adv. perspi-
ca'cioualy.n. pertplca'dousnesa. [L. perspicax,
Perspicadsperspicw.]
perspicacity, per-spi-kas'i-ti, n., state ofbeing per
spicacious or acute in discerning.
perspicuous, per-spik'Q-us, adj. lit. seen tkrough ;
clear to the mind ; not obscure in any way ;
evident.adv. persplc'uously.n. perspic uous-
neea. [L. perspicuus.]
perspicuity, per-spi-ka'i-ti, ., slate of being per*
spicuous ; clearness ; freedom from obscurity.
Perspire, per-splr', v.i. and t. lit. to breathethrough;
to emit through the pores of the skin ; to sweat :
Pr.p. perspiring; Pa.p. perspired'. [L. per
spire, -atumPer, through, zadspiro, to breathe-]
perspiration, per-spi-r&'shun, ., act ofperspiring:
that which is perspired ; sweat.
perspiratory, per-splra-tor-i, adj., Pertaining to or
causing perspiration.
Persuade, per-swad', v.t. lit to advise thoroughly,
so in B. &c.
; to; influence successfully by on
argument,
advice, to convince ; to prevail : in / . .
to use persuasion or advice '.pr.p. persuading ;
Pa.p. persuad'ed.n. persuad er. [L. persuadeo,
-suasumper, thoroughly, and suadeo, toadvise.]
persuaslble, per-swa'zi-bl, adj., capable of being
Persuaded. ns. persua'siblenesi, persuaaibility,
quality ofbeingpersuasible.
persuasion, pcr-swa'zhun, n., act ofpersuading;
state of being persuaded; settled opinion; a
creed ; a party adhering to a creed.
persuasive, per-swa'siv, adj. , having the Power to
Persuade; influencing the mind or passions.
adv. persua'sively.n. penua'slvenees.
Pert, pert, adj. lit. smart, Pretty; forward ; saucy ;
impertinent.adv. pertly.n. pert'neea. [W.]
Pertain, per-tan', v.i. lit. to hold thoroughly ; to be
long ; to relate to :Pr.p. pertain'ing ; pa.p. per
tained'. W*.pertineoper, thoroughly, and teneo,
to hold, akin to Gr. teind. Sans, tan, to stretch.]
pertinent, per'ti-nent, adj.,pertaining or related to a
subject ; fitting or appropriate.adv. pertinently.
pertinence, per'ti-nens, pertinency, pcr'ti-ncn-si,
state ofbeingPertinent; appositeness ; fitness.
mote ; mate ; mGun ; then.
 Pertinacious
Pertinacious, per-ti-na'shus, adj. , thoroughly tenaci
ous; holding obstinately to an opinion or purpose ;
obstinate.^adv. pertiua'ciouily.n. pertiiiA cloas-
nass. [h. Pertinajc, -acisper, thoroughly, and
tenax, tenaciousteneo, to hold.]
pertinacity, per-ti-nas'i-ti, n., quality of beingper
tinacious or unyielding ; obstinacy.
Pertinence, Pertinent. Sec under Pertain.
Perturb, per-turb', v. t. lit. to throw into utter con
fusion ; to agitate :Pr.p. perturb'ing ; pa.p.
perturbed'. [L.perturbo, -aturn/^-.thoroughly,
and turba, confusion. See Turbid.]
perturbation, per-tur-bu'shun, state oj'beingper
turbed; disquiet of mind: in astr., a deviation
of a heavenly body from its orbit
Peruke, peVCok or per-ruk', n. an artificial cap of
hair; a periwig. [Fr. perruque ; It. perrucca ;
Sp. PelucaL. pilus, hair.] See Periwig.
Peruse, per-uY, or -Gor', v.t. lit. to scan or view
thoroughly; to read attentively; to examine :
pr.p. pcruVing; pa.p. perused'.*, penurer.
(corr. of Perutse, perviseL. pervideo, -visum,
to lookoverPer, throughout, and video, to look.]
perusal, per-Oz'al, the act ofperusing; examin
ation ; study.
Peruvian, per-SOVi-an, adj., Pertaining to Peru in
S. America., a native of Peru.
Pervade, per-v5d', v.t., to go or come through; to
penetrate ; to spread all over '.Pr.p. pervSd'ing;
pa.p. pervad'ed. [L. pervado, pervasumper,
through, and vado, to go ; conn, with Wade.]
pervasive, per-vaViv, adj., tending or having power
topervade.
Pervert, per-verr*, v.t., to turn thoroughly or from
the right course ; to change from its true use : to
corrupt ; to turn from truth or virtue :pr.p. per
verting ;/<2./. pervert'ed.n. pervert'er. [L.per-
vertoper, thoroughly, and verto, versum, to
turn.]
perverse, per-vers', adj.,perverted or turned aside :
obstinate in the wrong; stubborn: vexatious.
adv. perversely,
perversion, per-ver'shun, n., the act ofperverting;
a diverting from the true object ; a turning from
truth or propriety : misapplication.
perverseness, per-vers'nes, perversity, per-vcrsl-ti,
., state ofbeingperverse.
pervertible, per-verri-bl, adj., able to beperverted.
Pervious, pcrVi-us, adj., affordingaway orpassage
through; penetrable.adv. peVvlously.n. per'-
viousness. [L.perviusper, through, via, a way.]
Pessimist, pes'i-mist, n. one who complains of every
thing being for the worst :opposed to optimist,
[from L. pessimus, worst.]
Pest, pest, a contagious disease ; a plague : any
thing destructive. [L. pestis,a contagious disease.]
pest-house, pestMious, n. a house or hospital for per
sons afflicted with anypest or contagious disease.
pestiferous, pes-tifcr-us, adj., bearing pestilence;
pestilent.adv. pestiferously. [L. pestis, and
fero, to bear.]
pestilence, pes'ti-lens, any contagious deadly
disease.
pestilent, pes'ti-lent, adj., producing pestilence;
hurtful to health and life : mischievous ; corrupt ;
troublesome.adv. pes/tllently.
pestilential, pes-ti-len'shal, adj., of the nature of
Pestilence ; producing pestilence : destructive.
adv. pettilen'tiaUy.
Pester, pes'ter, v.t., to encumber; to annoy :Pr.p.
pestering ; Pa.p. pes'tered. [acc. to Diez from
0te, far; me, her; mine ;
Petrel
Fr. empitrer, to entangleIt. impastojare, to
shackle a horsepastoja, low L. pastorium, the
foot-shackle of a horseL. Pasco, pastum, to
pasture : but perhaps from Pest, a plague.]
Pestle, pes'!, n. an instrument forPoundinganything
in a mortar.v.t. and i. to pound with a pestle :
pr.p. pes'Uing ; pa.p. pes'tfed. [low L. festellum
L. pistillum, a pounderpisto, intensive of
piso pinso (akin to Sans, root pish), to pound.]
Pet, pet, *. a sudden fit of peevishness or slight
passion, [prob. contracted from Petulant.]
pettish, pet'ish, adj., shewing a pet; peevish; fret
ful.adv. pettishly. n. pettishness.
Pet, pet, n. any Utile animal fondled : a word of en
dearment often used to young children.v.t. to
treat as a pet ; to fondle :pr.p. perr/ing ; Pa.p.
pett'ed. [prob. contracted from Petty: or from
Dutch, pete-hind, a god-childL. pater {spirit-
ualis), a god-father.]
petted, pet'ed, adj., treated as a Pet ; indulged.
Petal, petal or pf/tal, n. a flower-leaf. [L. petalum,
Gr. petalon, a leafpetannud, to spread out.]
petaled, pet'ald, petalous, pet'aJ-us, adj., having
petals or flowers-leaves.
petallne, pctal-tn, adj., pertaining to or resem
bling a petal; attached to a petal.
petaloid, pet'al-oid, adj., having the form of a
Petal. [PtteJ, and Gr. eidos, form.]
Petard, pe-tard', n. an engine of war, used to break
down barriers, &c. by explosion. [Ft.peter, L.
Pedo, Gr. perdff, akin to Sans. Pard, to explode.]
Peterel, same as Petrel.
Peterpence, pe^ter-pens, n. an annual tax of a silver
Penny, formerly paid by the English to the Pope
in honour of St Peter, whose successor he claims
to be.
Petiole, peti-fll, n. thefootstalh of a leaf. [L. peti-
olus, a little footpes, pedis, a foot.]
Petition, pc-tish'un. n. lit. afalling upon; a request ;
aprayer; a supplication.v.t. to present a petition
to ; to supplicate : pr.p. pcti'tioning ; pa.4. pc-
ti'tioned. [L.petitioPeto, to ask, prob. akin to
Sans, rootpat, to fall. 1
petitionary, p-tish'un-ar-i, adj., containing
tion; supplicatory. a peti
petitioner, pe"-tish'un-r, n., one who offers a peti
tion or prayer.
petitioning, pe"-tish'un-ing, n., the act ofpresenting
a petition ; entreaty ; solicitation.
Petre, same as Saltpetre.
Petrean, pe-trC'an, adj., pertaining to rock. [L.
Pttrarus, Gr. petraiosL., Gr. petra, a rock.]
petreecent, pe-tres'ent, adj., growing into or be
coming stone.n. petres cence.
petrify, petri-fT, v.t., to make or convert into stone:
to make callous : to fix in amazement.v.i. to
become stone, or hard like stone '.Pr.p. pet
rifying ; pa-P. petrified. [L. Petra, a rock, and
facio,factum, to make.]
petrifaction, pet-ri-fak'shun, n., tlte act of turning
into stone : the state of being turned into stone :
that which is made stone.
petrifactive, pct-ri-fak'tiv, *>trifle, pe-trifik, adj.,
having the power to change into stone.
petrous, pe'trus, adj., like stone ; hard.
petroleum, pe-trO le-um, n.t rock-oil ; a liquid
inflammable substance issuing from certain rocks.
[L. Petra, rock, and oleum, Gr. elaion, oil.]
Petrel, pet'rel, *. a genus of ocean birds, which
appear dunng flight sometimes to touch the sur>
mute ; mute ; moon ; then.
373
 Potty Philosophy
face of the waves with their feet, prob. so called art sti'tik-alt adj., pertaining to the knowledge or
in allusion to St Peters walking on the sea. ofpharmacy.adv. pharmaceu'tieally.
Petty, pet'i, adj., smalt; inconsiderable ; con pharmaceutics, fa^ma-su'tilcs, n.sing., the science of
temptible.adv. pett'Uy.n. pettiness. [Fr. pharmaceutist,medicines.
Preparing
far-ma-sQ'tist, n., one whopractises
petit; W. pitw, small.] pharmacy. far-ma-ko-p'ya, n. a book contain
petticoat, pct'i-kot, ., a little coat; a loose under pharmacopoeia,
garment worn by females. [Petty, and Coat, 1
pettlcoated, pcrt-kOt-ed, adj., wearing a petticoat. ing rules for the makingor composition ofmedi
cines. [Gr. pharmakon, and Poied, to make.]
pettifogger, pct'i-fog-er, n. a lawyer who practises Pharos,
only in petty or paltry cases. [Petty, and prov. from fa'ros, n. a light-house or beacon, so named
E, fog, to practise in small cases.] the famous light-house on the island of
pettifoggery, petl-fog-er-i, tke practice of a Pharos in the bay of Alexandria.
Pettifogger; mean tricks ; quibbles. Pharynx, far'ingks or fa'ringks, n. thccleflorcavity,
Petulant, pet'fl-lant, adj., falling upon or assailing forming the upper part of the gullet. [Gr.
saucily ; forward ; impudent : peevish.adv. pet pharyngksphard, to cleave.]
ulantly. [L. petulans, -an/isobs. petulopcto, Phase, faz, Phasls, fiTsis, n., an appearance ; the illu
to fall upon.] See Petition. minated surface exhibited by a planet : the par
petulance, pet'fl-lans, petulancy, pet'u-lan-si, ., the ticular state at any time of a phenomenon which
state of being petulant ; forwardness; impu undergoes a periodic change.//, phas es. [Gr.
dence ; sauciness : peevishness : wantonness. phasisphaind, to shew.] See Phantasm,
Pew, pO, n. lit. a raised place; an inclosed seat in Pheasant, fer'ant, n., the Phasian bird, a gallin
a church. [Dutch, puye; old Fr. put, a raised aceous bird abundant in Britain, and highly
placeL. podium, a projecting seat in the amphi valued as food. [L. phasianus, Gr. pkasianos
theatre for the emperor, &c.] Phasic, a river in Asia Minor, whence the bird
Pewit, p'wit, Pewet? pe'wet, n. the lapwing, a bird pheasantry,was brought to Europe.]
with a black head and crest, common in moors, sants. fez'ant-ri, an enclosure for phea
so called from its note.
Pewter, pfl'ter, n. an alloy of lead and tin, or lead Phenlx, fe'niks, n. a fabulous bird said to exist 500
and zinc ; vessels made of pewter.adj. made years single and to rise again from its own ashes ;
hence, the emblem of immortality. [L. phoenix;
of pewter, [old Fr. peutrtlow h. peutreum.]
pewterer, pu'ter-er, n., one ivho works in pewter. Gr. phoinix.]
pewtery, pu'ter-i, adj., belonging topewter. Phenomenon, fc-nom'en-on, an appearance ; any
Phaeton, fa'e-tun, n. a kind of open pleasure-car result of observation or experiment : a remark
able or unusual appearance.//.phenomena. [Gr.
riage on four wheels, named after Phaithon, the phainomenonphaind,
fabled son of Helios, the Sun, whose chariot he phenomenal, fe-nom'en-al,toadj., shew.] See Phantasm.
pertaining to a
attempted to drive : the tropic bird. phenomenon.adv. phenom enally.
Phalangm, fa-lan'j.e"z, //. of Phalanx. Phial, ft'.-iI. n. a small glass vessel or bottle. [L.
Phalanx, fal'angks, or fa', n. a line ofbattle : a square phiala, Gr. phiale.}
battalion ofheavy armed troops drawn up in ranks Philanthropy, fil-an'thro-pi, love of mankittd;
andfilesclosc anddeep; anycompact bodyofmen: good-will towards all men. [Gr. phitanthrtyia
~Pl. phalanges, the small bones of the fingers philos, loving, anthropos, a man.]
and toes. [L. ; Gr. phaJangks.]
Phantasm, fan'tazm, n. a vain, airy appearance; a philanthropic, fil-an-throp'ik, phllanthroplcal, fil-an-
fancied vision ; a spectre.^/, phan tasms, phan- throp'ik-al, adj., lovingmankind; shewing phil
tas'mata. [Gr. pJiantasmaphantazd, to make philanthropist, fil-an'thro-pist, phllanthrop'lcally.
anthropy ; benevolent.adv.
visiblephaind, to bring to lightpJtad, Sans. and wishes to serve mankind. one who loves
bha, to shine.]
phantasmagoria, fan-taz-ma-gG'ri-a, ., a gathering Philharmonic, fit-har-mon'ik, adj., loving harmony
of appearances or figures upon a flat surface by ormony.] music. [Gr. philos, loving, harmonia, har
a magic lantern. [Gr. p/uznlasnta, an appearance, Philibeg. See PllUbeg.
and agora, an assemblyageirj, to gather.] Philippic, fil-ip'ik, n. one of the orations of Demos
phantastlc, phantasy. See fantastic, fantasy, thenes against Philip of Maccdon; a discourse
phantom, same as Phantasm. full of invective.
Paarlsee, fa/i-se-, . one of a religious school among Philology, fil-01'o-ji, *. lit. love ofwords; orig. the
the Jews who became separated from the other
Jews on account of their strict observance of the study of the classical languages of Greece and
law and of religious ordinances. [Gr. pharisaios, toric, andtheliterary
Rome : study of etymology, grammar, rhe
criticism. [Gr. phi/ologia
Heb. parushparask, to separate.] Philologos, fond of wordsphilos, loving, logos,
Pharisaic, far-i-sa ik, Pharisaical, far-i-s&'ik-al, adj., word.]
pertainingto or like the Pharisees; hypocritical. philologist, fil-ol'o-iist, ., one versed in philology.
adv. pharisaically.n. pharisa'lcalness.
phirlsalsm, far'i-si-izm, phariseeism, fa/i-se-izm, ., phllologlc, til-o-l'.'j'ik . philological, fil-o-loj'ik-al.aly.,
the practice and opinions of the Pharisees; Pertaining tophilology.adv. philological;j-.
strict observance of outward forms in religion Philomel, fil'o-mel, Philomela, fil-o-mela, n. tbe
without the spirit of it ; hypocrisy. nightingale. [Gr. Philomela, daughter of Pan-
dion, king
Pharmacy, far'ma-si( n. the knowledge of medicines; into a nightingale.] ofAthens, fabled to havebeen changed
the art of preparing and mixing medicines. [Fr.
pharmacieGr. pharmakciapharmakon, any Philosophy, fil-osVfi, n. lit the love of wisdom f
artificial means, especially a medicine.] the knowledge of the causes of all phenomena :
pharmaceutic, far-ma-su'tik, pharmaceutical, far-ma- the collection of general laws or principles be-
iSte, far ; me, her ; mine ; mote ; mQte ; moon ; Men.
376
 philosopher
longing to anydepartment ofknowledge : reason
ing : a particular philosophical system. [Gr.
phihsopkiorphilos, loving, sopkia, wisdom.]
philosopher, fil-os'o-fer, n., a lover ofwisdom; one
versed in or devoted to philosophy : one who acts
calmly and rationally. [Gr.philosophosphilos,
a lover, sophos, wise.]
philosophic, fil-o-sofik, philosophical, fil-o-sofik-aL
tuff., Pertaining or according to philosophy;
skilled in or given to philosophy : rational ; calm.
adv. philosophically. [L. philosophicus.]
philosophise, fil-os'o-fiz, v.t, to reason like aphiloso
pher:pr.p. philos'ophlsing;pa.p.philosophised.
Philter, Philtre, filler, n. a charm or spell to excite
love.v.t. to give a love-potion to: to excite to
love :pr,p. phil'tering ; Pa.p, phil'tered. [Fr.
philtre,\t.phtltrum,Gx.phtltronphilo, tolove.]
Phlebotomy, fle-bot'o-mi, n. lit. cutting of a vein;
act ofletting blood. [Gr. phleps,phlebos, a vein,
tome, a cuttingtemnd, to cut.]
Phlegm, flem, n. lit. inflammation ; the thick, slimy
matter secreted in the throat, and discharged
by coughing: sluggishness; indifference. [Gr.
phlegma, a name, inflammationpklegd, to burn.]
phlegmatic, tleg-mat'ik, phlegmatical, fleg-mat'ik-al,
adj., abounding in or generatingphlegm : cold ;
sluggish; not easily excited.adv. phlegmatlcally.
[Gr. phlegmatikosphlegma.}
Phodne, fO'sin, adj., pertaining to the sealfamily.
[L. phoca, Gr. phoki, a seal.]
Phoenix, same as Phenix.
Phonetic, fo-ner/ik, Phonetical, fo-ner/ik-al, adj., per
taining to the sound of the voice ; representing
the separate elementary sounds ; vocal.n.sing.
phonet ics, the science ofsounds, esp. ofthe human
voice.adv. phonetfically. [Gr. phdnctikos
phSni, a sound.]
phonic, fon'ik, adj., pertaining to sound.n.sing.
phonics, the science of sound, acoustics; the art
ofcombining musical sounds.
phonography, fo-nog'ra-fi, n. the art of representing
spoken sounds by characters, a system of short
hand. [Gr.phSni, sound, and graphd, to write.]
phonograph, fOno-graf, a written mark repre
senting a spoken sound in phonography.
phonographer, fo-nog'ra-fer, phonographlst, fo-nog/-
ra-ftst, n. , one versed inphonography.
phonographic, fo-no-grnfik, phonographical. fG-no-
grafik-al, adj., pertaining to phonography; re
presenting sounds.adv. phonograph'ically.
phonology, fo-nol'o-ii, ., the science ofthe element
ary spoken sounds; phonetics. [Gr.plume, sound,
logos, discourse, science.]adj. phonological.
n. phonol'ogist, one versed in phonology.
phonotype, fo'no-tlp, ., a type or sign representing
a sound. [Gr. phonl, sound, typos, type.]
phonotypy, fo-norip-i, n. the art of representing
sounds by types or distinct characters.
Phosphorus, fos'for-us, n. lit. the light-bearer; the
morning-star: a yellowish substance, like wax,
inflammable and luminous in the dark. [L.Gr.
phdsphoros, light-bearerphds, light, pherd, to
bear, to carry.)
phosphoresce, fos-for-es', v.t. to shine in the dark
like phosphorus:Pr.p. phosphorescing ; pa.p.
phosphoresced {-csr).
phosphorescent, fos-for-es'ent, adj. shining in the
dark likephosplioms.ti. phosphorescence.
phosphoric, fos-for'ik, phosphorous, fos'for-us, adj.,
pertaining to or obtained from phosphorus.
phoiphnret, fos'fQ-ret, . a compound ofphosphorus
fate, far ; me", her ; mine ;
physiognomy
with a metal.adj. phos'phuretted, combined with
phosphorus.
Photography, fo-tog'raf-i, n. the art of drawing or
producing pictures by light on chemically pre
pared surfaces. [Gr. phos, photos, light, graphs,
to draw.]
photograph, fo'to-graf, n. a picture produced by
pliotograpky.
photographic, fO-to-grafik, photographical, f5-to-
grafik-al, adj., pertaining to or done bypliotog
rapky.adv. photographically.
photographer, fo-tog'ra-fer, photographist, fo-tog'ra-
fist, ., one whopractisesphotography.
photometer, fo-tom'et-er, . an instrument fur
measuring the intensity of light. [Gr. phot,
phstos, light, rnitron, a measure.]
Phrase, friz, n. lit something spoken; a part of a
sentence ; a short pithy expression ; a form of
speech : in music, a short clause or portion of a
sentence.v.t. to express in words; to style :
pr.p. phrSs'ing ; pa.p. phrased'. [Fr. ; Gx.pkrasis
phrazd, to speak.]
phraseology, fra-ze-ol'o-ji, n. style or manner of ex
pression or use of phrases; peculiarities of dic
tion : a collection of phrases in a language.
\Gr. phrasis, phrasc&s, phrase, logos, science.!
phr&seologic, frii-ze-o-loj'ik, phraseological. fra-ze-O-
loj'ik-al, adj., pertaining to phraseology ; con
sisting of phrases.adv. phr&seologlcally.
Phrenology, frcn-ol'o-ji, n. orig. thescienceofmind;
the science of the functions of the brain and its
different parts. [Gr. phrin, phrenos, mind, logos,
science.)
phrenological, fren-o-loj'ik-al, adj., pertaining or
according to phrenology.adv. phrenolog/lcshlly.
phrenologist, fren-ol'o-jist, n., one who believes or is
versed in phrenology.
Phthisis, thi'sis, ., a wastingaway or consumption
of the lungs. [Gr.-fhtkid, to waste away.]
phthisical, tiz'ik-al, adj., pertaining to or having
phthisis ; breathing hard.
Phylactery, fi-Ialcler-i, n. a charm to protect from
danger : among the Jews, a slip of parchment
inscribed with four passages of Scripture, worn
on the left arm and forehead. [Gr. phylaktirion,
phylakttr, a guard;phylassd, to guard.]
phylacteric, fi-hk-terlk, phylacterlcal, fi-lak-tcrlk-al,
adj., Pertaining tophylacteries.
Fhyilci, hViks, n.sing. orig. the science of nature
or of all natural objects ; the science which treats
of the general properties of natural bodies, nat
ural philosophy. [L.physica, Gr.physikt{theoria,
theory)physis, nature.]
physic, fiz'ik, n. something to assist nature ; medi
cines ; the art of healing.v.t. to give medicine
to '.pr.p. phys'icking ; pa.p. physicked.
physical, fiz'ik-al, adj., pertaining to nature or
natural objects; pertaining to material things;
known to the senses : pertaining to the body.
adv. physically. [Gr. physikosphysis, nature.]
physician, n-zish'an, n., one skilled in the use of
physic or the art of healing ; one who prescribes
remedies for diseases.
physicist, nVi-sist, n., a student of nature; one
versed in physics.
physiognomy, fiz-i-og'no-mi, . the science or art of
knowing a man's nature and disposition from
his features ; expression of countenance ; the
face, [for physlognomonyGr. physiogndmonia
physis, nature, gnomdn, one who knows
gnonai, to know.]
mCte ; mQte ; moGn ; then.
377
 physiognomic pigtaU
physiognomic, fiz-i-og-norolk, physiognomical, fix-i- ing; to form an ideal likeness of: to describe
og-nom'ik-al, adj., pertaining tophysiognomy. vividly \pr.p. picturing ; pa,p. picr/Qred. [L.
adv. physiognom'lcally.fusing, physiognomies, picturnpingOf pictum. Sans, pinj, to paint]
same as physiognomy, pictorial, pik-tor'i-al, adj., relating to pictures.
physiognomist, fiz-i-og'nom-ist, one skilled in illustrated by pictures.-adv. pictor'ially.
physiognomy; one who tells fortunes by the face, picturesque, pik-tfir-esk', adj., like a picture ; fit to
physiology, fiz-i-ol'o-ji, n. lit. the science ofnature; make a picture ; natural ; a vividly described
the science which treats of the different organs representation.adv. picturesquely.n. pictur
In plants and animals. [Gr. physis, nature, logos, esque neu. [Fr. pittoresque, It. jHttorvsco
science.] Pittura, L. pictum.}
physiologic, fiz-i-o-loj'ik, physiological, fiz-i-o-lojlk- pie, pT, n.f that which ispainted; the magpie : in
al, adj., pertaining to physiology.adv. physi-, print., type mixed or unsorted. [Fr., it., and
ologlcally. L. picapingo.]
Phytology, fT-tol'o-ji, n.t the science of plants, piebald, pT'bawld, adj., with pied or coloured balls
botany.-adj. phytologlcal.. pbytol ogunX [Gr. or patches ; of various colours. [Pie, and Balled.]
phyton, a plant, logos, discourse, science.] pied, pld, adj., painted or variegated; of various
Piacular, pl-ak'u-Iar, adj., serving to appease, colours ; spotted.
expiatory ; requiring expiation ; atrociously bad. Piddle, pid'l, v.i., to Peddle or deal in trifles; to
[L. piacularispiaculuMf a sacrificepic, to trifle :Pr.p. piddling ; Pa.p. piddled, [a form
appease, to expiatepins, seeking to appease.] of Peddle.J
Pla.nlrt. See under Piano. Pie, the magpie, &c. See under Picture.
Piano, pi-a'no, adv. in music, softly. [It. piano, Pie, pi, . an article of food ofpaste with something
plain, smoothI* planus, plain.]adv. pianis baked in or under it, [contr. of Pasty.]
simo, very softly. [It, super!, ofjjiano.]
pianoforte, pi-a'no-foVta, n. a musical instrument Pie,forming pT, n. a book which ordered the manner of per
divine service, [etym. uncertain.}
with wires struck by little hammers moved by
keys, so as to produce bothjo/jf andjrn,fsounds. Piece, pCs, n,, a Part of anything : a single article ;
[It.piano, andforte, strongfyh.fortis, strong.] position : aperformance
a separate ; a literary or artistic com
gun ; a coin : a person (slightingly).
pianist, pi-5'nist, n. one who plays on the piano v.t. to enlarge by adding a piece ; to paten.
forte, or one well skilled in it. v.i. to unite by a coalescence of parts; to join:
Piazza, pi-az'za, a place or square surrounded Pr.p.
by buildings ; a walk under a roof supported It. pezza, lowX. petium, a piece piee'er.
piecing; /a./, pieced'.. [Fr. ;
of land, from
by pillars. [It. ; Sp. plaza, Fr. place. See Gael. Peos, W. peth, a part, Bret. pcz. a bit : or
Place.] through It from Gr. Pesa, an edge or border.]
Pibroch, pe'trok, n. lit. pipe-music ; the martial pieceless, pes'les, adj., not made ofpieces; entire.
music of the Scottish bagpipe. [Gael, piobairt- piecemeal, pes'me1, adj., made ofpieces or parts;
achdpiobair, a piperpicb, a pipe, bagpipe.] single.adv. in pieces or fragments ; by pieces ;
Pick, pik, v.t., to PrUk with a sharp-pointed in gradually. [Piece, and Meal, a portion.] [job.
strument: to peck, as a bird; to pierce; to piecework, peswurk, ., work done by thepiece or
open with a pointed instrument, as a lock : to
pluck or gather, as flowers, &c. ; to separate Pled. per, See under Picture.
from; to clean with the teeth; to gather: to Pier, openings
n. the mass of stone-work between the
of a building, also that supporting an
choose ; to select ; to call : to seek, as a quarrel. arch, bridge,
v.i. to do anything nicely ; to eat by morsels : ing into the sea&c.; a; wharf. a mass of stone-work project
to steal '.pr.p. picking ; Pa.p. picked (pikt), a stone, L. and Gr. Petra, [A.S. Pert; Fr. pierre,
a rock.]
n. any sharp-pointed instrument: choice.n. pier-glass, peV-glas, n., a glass
pict'er. [A.S. pycan, Ger. picken, Fr. piquer, or stone-work between windows.hung on a pier
akin to PUtc, Poke, Beak, Peak.]
pickaxe, pik'aks, the axe orpicking tool used in Pierce, pCrs, v.t. or i., to thurst or make et hole
digging. [locks. through; to enter, or force a way into : to touch
picklock, piklok, ., an instrument for picking or move deeply : to dive into, as a secret ',pr.p.
pickpocket, pik'pok-et, . one who picks or steals ii'icrdng ;pa.p. pierced'.n. piere'er. [Yr. percer,
from other people'spockets. *rov. pertusar, It Pertugiare, L. pertundo,
picket, pik'et, n. lit. a pointedpeg or slake, used in -ttisumper, through, and tundo, to beat.]
camps for tying horses to, &c. : a small outpost plerceable, pfirs'a-bl, adj., capable ofbeingpierced.
or guard.v.t. to fasten to a stake, as a horse ; Piet, pl'ct, n.t a pie or magpie, [a form of Pie.]
to post as a vanguard:^*./, pick'etmg; pa.p. Piety, Pietism. See under Pious.
pick'etcd. [Fr. piquetptqitcr, to pierce.]
Pickle, pikl, v.i. orig. to clean for keeping, as fish ; H?>oblongpig, lit* a little one ; a young swine ; an
to preserve '.pr.p. pickling ; pa.p. pickled.. to flowmass of metal, so called because it is mads
a liquid in which substances are preserved ; any branchingwhen from
melted in channels called pigs
a main channel called the sovo.
thing pickled. [Dutch pekel, Ger. p5kel: old v.i. to bring forth pigs ; to live together like
E. Pykyn, cleaning, pykelyngc, a cleansing.]
Picnic, pik'nik, n. lit. a sinall charge or duty to be little ones, //. otbeag,; pa.p.
pigs '.pr.p. pigging pigged'. [Gael. Big,
performed ; an entertainment in the open air, at pig. Compare A.S.piga,little, Ice.
Dutch, bie\ce, big, a
ptka, a littie maid.]
which each person contributes some article for piggery, piger-i, ., a place wherepigs are kept*
the common table. [Fr. pique-nigue, from It. piggish, piggish, adj., belonging to or likepigs.
Piccolo nicchia, a little charge.] pig-iron, pigM-um, ., iron in pigs or rough bars,
Picture, pik'tflr, a painting; a likeness in pigtail, pigifd, the tail ofaPig; the hair of the
colours ; a drawing ; painting ; a resemblance ; head tied behind in the form of a pig's tail ; a
an image.v.t. to paint, to represent by paint- roll of twisted tobacco. [Pig, and Tail, j
fate, far ; me, her ; mine ; mote ; mute ; mSOn ; then.
 Pigeon
Pigeon, pij'un, n. lit that which peeps or chirps ; a
well-known bird, the dove. [Fr., Prov. pijon.
It. picciotu, pippione, L. pipio, a young bird or
pigeon, from pifio, to chirp : from the sound.]
pigeon-hearted, pij'un-hart-ed, adj., with a heart
like a pigeons ; timid ; fearful.
plgeon-liverod, pij'un-liv-erd, adj., with a liver like
a pigeon's i timid; cowardly.
pigeon-hole, pij'un-hol, n., a hole for pigeons into
their dwelling ; a division ofa case for papers, &c.
Pigment, pig'ment, .. paint ; any substance for
colouring ; that which gives the iris of the eye
its various colours.adj. pigment'aL [Fr., L.
pigmentumpingo, to paint.] See Picture.
Pigmy, same as Pygmy.
Pike, pTk, , lit. that "which picks or has a shard
joint; a weapon with a shaft and spear-head,
formerly used by foot soldiers : a voracious fresh
water fish with a pointed snout. [Fr. plane.] See
Pick.
piked, pikt, adj., ending in a point.
pikemaa, plk'man, n., a man armed with apike.
pikestaff, pTk'staf, n., the staff or shaft ofapike ; a
staff with a pike at the end.
Pilaster, pi-Ias'ter, n. a square pillar or column,
usually set within a wall. [Fr. pilastre, It. pilas-
tro, low L. pilastrumL. pila, a pillar.]
pilastered, pi-las'terd, adj.^furnishedwith pilasters
or inserted pillars.)
Pilchard, pil'sbard, n. a sea fish like the herring,
but thicker and rounder, with a smooth, beautiful
skin, [old F*. pitcher} from A.S.Pylce, Gcr. Pels,
Fr. ff/isse, It. pellucia, a furred garment, L.
felliccius, made of skinsPellis, a skin.]
Pile, pTl, 7i.. a ball; a roundish mass ; a heap ; com
bustibles for burning, esp. dead bodies ; a large
building ; a heap of shot or shell : in electricity,
a form of battery :v.t. to lay in a pile or heap ;
to collect in a mass ; to heap up ; to fill above
the brim :Pr.p. pll'ing ; Pa.p. piled'. [Fr. ; L.
pila, a ball, Sans, pal, to accumulate.]
piles, pTlz, n.pl. hemorrhoids, which see.
pill, pil, n.t a little bail of medicine ; anything
nauseous. [L.pUula, dim. o(/i/a.]
Plla, pTl, apillar; one of the large stakes driven
into the earth to support foundations.v.i. to
drive piles into. [A.S. pil, L. pila, a pillar.]
pile-driver, pll'-drTv-er, pile-engine, pll'-en-jin, .,
an enginefor driving down piles.
pillar, pilar, n., a Pile; a column; an upright
support ; anything that sustains. [Fr. ptlier
L. pila.)
pillared, pilard, adj. supported by apillar; having
the form of a pillar,
pillory, pil'or-i, n. a wooden frame, supported by
an upright/i'//arorpost, and havingholesthrough
which the head and hands of a criminal were put
as a punishmentv.t. topunish in the pillory :
pr.p. pillorying ; pa.p. pilloried. [Fr. pilori, low
L. pilloricum, piiioriumL. pila, a pillar.]
Pile, pTl, n., hair; the nap on doth, [old Fr. peil,
L. pilus, Gr. piles.]
i, pil-Os', pilous, pll'us, adj., hairy.n. pllos'ity.
pfle-at, or pil'e-, plleated, pflc-at-ed, adj.
having the form of a cap or hat. [L. pileatus
pileus, Gr. pilos, hair wrought into felt.]
Ifer, pil'fer, v.i., to strip bare; to rob; to steal
small things.v.t. to steal by petty theft '.pr.p.
. il'fered.n. pU'fi
ened form of P1U. See under.]
pilfering, pil'fer-mg, n., petty theft.
fate, far ; me, her ; mine ;
Pin
pill, pil, v.t., to strip bare; to rob or plunder.e.g.
to be peeled off; to come off in flakes :pr.p.
puTing; Pa.p. pilled'. [Fr. filler, It pigliare,
L. pilare, to plunder, prob. from pilus, hair.]
pillage, pii'aj, the act ofpilling or stripping
bare; plunder ; spoil, esp, taken in war.v.t. to
plunder or spoil :prp. pill'aging ; pa.p. pilT-
5ged.n. pillager. [Fr., frompuler.\
Pilgrim, pil'grim, n. one who passes through differ
ent lands ; a wanderer ; one who travels to a
distance to visit a sacred place, [old Ger. and
Dan. ; Ger. pilger, Fr. pelerin, Prov. prfegrin,
It. pellegrino, peregrine, L. peregrinus, a trav
eller;per, through, and ager, land.]
pilgrimage, pil'grim-5j, n.t thejourney ofa pilgrim;
a journey to a shrine or other sacred place.
Pill, of medicine. See under Pile, a balk
Pill, Pillage. See under Pile, hair.
Pillar. See under Pile, a pillar.
Pillion, pil'yun, n. lit. a skin for riding on ; a
cushion for a woman behind a horseman ; the
cushion of a saddle. [Ir. pillin, Gael, pillean, a
pad, Peall, a skin or mat, akin to L. pellis, the
skin : derived by some from Pillow.]
Pillory. See under Pile, a pillar.
Pillow, pil'0, n. a cushion filled with feathers for
resting the head on ; any cushion.v.t. to lay
on for support :/r./. pill'owing; Pa.p. pill -
Owed, [old E. pilwe, A. S. pyle, Dutch, prfuwc,
akin to L. pucvinus, acc. to Wedgwood from
pluma, a feather.]
pillow-came, pil'o-kas, n. , a casefor a pillow.
pillowy, pil'O-i, adj., like a pillow; soft
Pilose. See under Pile, hair.
Pilot, pflut, the lead-man, the sounder; one
who conducts ships in and out ofa harbour, along
a dangerous coast, &c. ; a guide.v.t. to conduct
as a pilot '.Pr.p. piloting ; pa.p. piloted. [Fr.
pilote. Dutch, piloot, from Peilen, to sound, and
loot, Ger. loth, a sounding-lead.]
pilotage, prtut-aj, the act ofpiloting; the fee
or wages of pilots.
pilot-cloth, piTut-kloth, n. lit clothfor pilots; a
coarse, stout kind of cloth for overcoats.
pilot-fish, pT'lut-fish, n. a kind of mackerel, so called
because it often accompanies ships like a pilot.
Pimento, pi-men'ta. Pimento, pi-men'to, n. lit. any
thingspicy ; allspice orJamaica pepper; the tree
producing it. [Sp. pimicnta. It.pimentoh.pig-
mentum, paint, juice of plants, anything spicy.]
Pimp, pimp, n. one who procures gratifications for
the lust of others; a pander.v.i. to procure
women for others ; to pander '.Pr.p. pimp'ing ;
pa.p. pimped', [perhaps from prov. pimp, to
couple.]
Pimpernel, pim'per-nel, Punplnella, pim-pi-nel'a, n.
a plant having a double series of small leaves.
[Fr. pimprenelle. It. pimpinella, low L. bipitt-
ttella, for bipinnula, two-winged, from bipennis
bis, twice, and penna, feather, wing.]
Pimple, pim'pl, ., a pustule; a small swelling.
adjs. pim'pled, pim'ply, having pimples. [A.S. /r-
Pel, Ft. Pompette, akin to L. papula, a pustule :
or from W. ptvmpl, dim. ofpwmp, a knob.]
Pin, pin, n. lit. a feather; a sharp-pointed instru
ment, esp. for fastening articles together ; any
thing that holds parts together ; a peg used in
musical instruments for fastening the strings :
anything of little value.v. t. to fasten with a pin ;
to fasten ; to inclose '.Pr.p. pinn'ing ; pa.p.
mote ; mute ; mOon ; //;cn.
370
 pinafore
pinned'. [W., Gael., and Ger. pin**, L. pinna
or penna, a feather.]
pinafore, pin'a-for, n. an apron for a child pinned,
or fastened before. [Pin, and Before.]
:ae, pinTtas, pincushion, pinlcoosh-un, a case
ormoney,
cushionfor holdingpins.
ptn'-mun-i, ., numey allowed to a wile
for private expenses, originally to buy pins.
nwwi- pin'er, n., one -who pins or fastens ; a pm-
makcr ; the lappet of a head-dress flying loose.
pin-point, pin'-point, n., the point ofa pin : a trifle.
pintle, pin tl, n., a littlepin ; a long iron bolt ; the
bolt hanging the rudder of a ship. [dim. of Pin.]
Macon, same as plnch'ers, under Pinch.
Pinch, pinsh, v.t. to grip hard; to squeeze; to
squeeze the flesh so as to give pain ; to nip : to
distress; to gripe.-V.i. to act with force ; to bear
or press hard; to spare '.pr.p. pinch'ing ; Pa.p.
pinched'.n. a close compression with the
fingers ; what can be taken up by the compressed
fingers; a gripe: distress; oppression. [Fr.
pincer, Sp. pinchar, pizcar, It. pizzicare, to
pinch, pinzo, a prick ; akin to old Ger. pizchiar,
to nip, Dutch,pinsrn, pitsen, to pinch.J
plnchingly, pinsh'mg-li, adv., in apinchingmanner.
plncher, pinsh'er, ., one who or thatwhichpinches.
pinchers, pinsh'crz, pincers, pin'serr, . an instru
ment for seizing anything, esp. for drawing out
nails, &c.
Pinchbeck, pinsh'bek, n. a gold-coloured alloy of
copper and zinc, [said to be from the name of
the inventor.]
Pindaric, pin-darlk, adj., after the style and man
ner ofPindar, a Greek lyric poet.n. a Pindaric
ode ; an irregular ode.
Pine, pin, n. the/iw-like or pointed tree ; a northern
cone-bearing, resinous tree, furnishing valuable
timber. [A.S. and Fr.pin; l>.pinus; Gr.pitus:
perhaps from Pin.] n. a tropical plant, and its
pine-apple, pln'-ap-pl,
fruit, shaped like apine-cone. [Pine, and Apple.]
pinery, pTn'cr-i, n. a place where //w*-apples arc
raised.
piny, pin'i, adj., abounding withpine-trees.
Pine, pin, v.i. lit. to suffer pain; to waste away
under pain or mental distress :pr.p. pln'ing ;
pa.p. pined'. [A.S. pinan, from pin, pain; old
Ger. peinen ; Ger. peinigen.\ See Pain.
Pinery. See under Pine.
Pinion, pin'yun, n. lit. that which flies, a wing;
the joint of a wing most remote from the body ;
a smaller wheel with teeth working into others.
v.t. to confine the wings of; to cutoff the pinion ;
to confine by binding the arms :pr.p. pin'ion-
ing; Pa.p. pinioned. [Fr. pignon; prov. Fr.
Pitwn, "L. penna, wing.] Sec Pen.
Pink, pingk, n. lit. small eye ; a plant with beau
tiful flowers, sometimes marked like an eye: a
colour like that of the flower: the minnow, from
the colour of its abdomen in summer : that which
is supremely excellent.v.t., to work in eyelet
holes; to cut in small scollops or angles :~pr.p.
pinking ;/(i./.pinkcd'. [Dutch,pinken, to twinkle
with theeyes ; prov. Ger.pinkern, to wink.]
pink-eyed, pingk'-Td, adj., havingsmalleyes. [Pink,
and Eye.] pingk'ing-T-urn, a toolforpinning
plnking-lron,
or scolloping. [Pinking, and Iron.]
Pin-money. See under Pin.
e, pin'fts, n. a small vessel with oars and
fitc, far; me, her; mine;
Piquet
sails; a boat with eight oars. [Fr. pinasse; It
pinassaL. pinus, a pine, a ship.]
Pinnacle, pin'a-kl, ';. lit that which is pointed
like aptn orfeather; a slender turret ; a high
spiring point.v.t. to build with pinnacles:
Pr.p. pinnacling; pa.p. pinn'acled. llow L. /'*<-
naculum, from pinna, a feather.]
Pinnate, pin'at; n. in bot., shaped like a feather:
in zool., furnished with fins.-adv. pinn'ately. [L,
pinnaties, from pinna, a feather.]
Pint, pint, n. a painted or marked measure = \
quart or 4 gills : in tned., 12 ounces. [A.S. Pynt;
Ger. and Fr. pinte ; Sp. pinta, mark, pint, from
"L.pingo, Sans. pinj\ to paint]
Pintle. See under Pin.
Piny. See under Pine, n.
Pioneer, pT-o-nr', n. lit a fool-soldier; a soldier
who clears the road before an army, sinks mines,
&c. ; one who goes before to prepare the way.
v.t. to act as pioneer to:pr.p. pioneering;
pa.p. pioneered'. [Yr.pionnier; old Fr. peonier
Peon, It. pedone, a foot-soldierL. pes, Pedis,
a foot.] Sec Pedal.
Plony, same as Peony.
Pious, pl'us, adj., devout ; having reverence and
love for the Deity ; proceeding from religious
feeling.ad%>. pi ously. [L. pius.]
piety, pl'et-i, the quality ofbeingpious ; rever
ence for the Deity, parents, friends, or country;
sense of duty ; dutiful conduct. [L. 6ietas.]
pietist, pVet-ist, . one of a sect of German reli
gious reformers ofthe 17th century, characterised
by great piety or practical religion.
pietism, pfct-izm, n., the doctrirtc and practice of
tliepietists*
Pip, pip, n. a disease of fowls^ in which a horny
substance grows on the tip of the tongue.
[Dutch, pip, Ger. tipps, Fr.pepie, li.pipita, L.
pituiia ; akin to Gr. ptu5, to spit]
Pip, pip, n. , the seed offruit ; a spot in cards.
[oldE. and Fr.pe/in; It pipita; Sp. pepita.)
pippin, pip'in, n. a kind of tart apple, prob. so called
from the spots on its skin.
Pipe, pip, n. a musical wind instrument consisting
of a long tube ; any long tube ; a tube of clay,
&c. with a bowl at one end for smoking
tobacco ; a cask containing two hhds.v.i. to
play upon a pipe ; to whistle.vd. tojtlay on r
pipe ; to calf with a pipe, as on board" ships :
pr.p. piping ; pap. piped'.n. pip er. [A.S.
pip; Ger. and Fr. pipe; It pipa ; L. pipo, Gr.
jnPPizd, to peep or chirpsfrom the sound.]
pipe-clay, plp-kla, n. white clay used for making
tobacco pipes and earthenware.
Piping, Pip ing, adj. uttering a weak, shrill, piping
sound, like the sick ; sickly ; feeble ; boiling,
pipkin, pipTcin, n. lit. a littlepipe; a small earthen
boiler, [dim. of Pipe.]
Pippin. Sec under Pip.
Kane, pek, v.t. lit to pick or prick, as with sharp
words; to wound the pride of; to offend: to
pride or value '.Pr.p. piq'uing; Pa.p. piqued'.
. an offence taken ; wounded pride ; spite ;
nicety; punctilio. [Fr. piquer; see Pick.]
piquant, pik ant, adj. lit Pricking ; severe ; stim
ulating to the palate.adv. plq'nantly.
Piquet, same as Picket.
Piquet, pi-kct', . a game at cards played between
two persons, in which points are to be made
[Fr. pique, a point]
mote ; miUe; moon ; then.
 Piracy
Piracy. See under Pirate.
Pirate, pfrlt, n., one who attempts to capture
ships at sea; a sea-robber; one who steals or
infringes a copyright.v.t. to take without per
mission, as books or writings :Pr.p. pi'rating ;
Pa.p. plYated. [L. piraia ; Gr. peirati's, from
Peirad, to attempt.)
piratical, pl-rat'ik-al, adj., pertaining to a pirate;
practising piracy.adv. ptrat'ically.
piracy, pl'ra-si, n., the crime of apirate; robbery
on the high seas : infringement of copyright.
Pirouette, pir-oT3-et/, ., a wheelingabout on the toes
in dancing ; the turning of a horse on the same
ground.v.t. to execute a pirouette. [Fr., from
Pied, foot, and rouette, dim. of rone, a wheel.]
Placatory. See under Places.
Places, pis'ez, n., the fishes, the twelfth sign of the
zodiac. [L., pi. ofpiscis, a fish.]
piscatorial, pis-ka-tO ri al, placatory, pis'ka-tor-i,
adj., relating tofishes orfishing.
piscine, pis'In, adj., pertaining tofishes.
piscinal, pis'l-nal or pi-slnal, . , belonging to afish-
Pond. [L. pisctnalis, from piscina, a fish-pond.]
piscivorous, pis-iv'o-rus, adj., devouring ox feeding
onfishes, [L. piscis, fish, and voro, to devour.]
Plan, pish, int. an exclamation of contempt
Pismire. See under Plat.
Piss, pis, v.i. in B., to discharge urine or make
water :pr.p. piss'ing ; pa.p. pissed'. [Dutch
and Ger. pissenfrom the sound.]
pismire, pirmlr, . an ant or emmct. [from Piss
and Hire, obs. an ant, because it discharges
moisture h'ke urine; Dutch, pis-miere ; A.S. and
low Ger. mire, Gr. murmex, Pcrs. mttr, an ant.]
Pistil, pis'til, n. in tot., the female organ in the
centre of a flower, containing the seed, so called
from its likeness to the pestle of a mortar. [Fr. ;
L. pistitlum.] Sec Pestle.
pUtillaceons, pis-til-lii'shus, adj.,growingon apistil;
pertaining to or having the nature of a pistil.
pistillate, pis-tillat, adj., having apistil.
plstiUiferons, pis-til-lif'er-us, adj., tearing a pistil
without stamens. [Pistil, andfero, to bear.]
Pistol, pis'tol, n. a small hand-gun, orig. a dagger.
{Fr.pistolet, It.pislola, said to be from Pistoja,
old It. Pislola, a town in Italy, where it is said
to have been first made.]
pistolet, pis'to-lct, ., a littlepistol.
Piston, pis'tun, . lit. thePounder; a short cylinder,
used in pumps, Sc., fitting and moving up and
down within another. [Fr. ; It. pistone, from
L. pinso, to pound.] See Pestle.
piston-rod, pis tun-rod, n. the rod by which the
piston is moved.
Pit, pit, n. a deep hole in the earth ; an abyss : the
bottomless pit : a hole used as a trap for wild
beasts ; whatever insnares : the hollow of the
stomach ; the indentation left by small-pox ; the
ground-floor of a theatre ; the shaft of a mine.
v.t. to mark with pits or little hollows ; to set in
competition :/r./. pitt'ing; Pa.p, pitted. [A.S.
pytt; Ir. and Gael.///; L. patent.\
pitfall, pit'fawl, n. a /// slightly covered, so that
wild beastsfall into it and arc caught.
pitman, pit'man, n., a man who works in a coal-
pit or a %SLW-pit.
pit-saw, pit'-saw, n. a large saw, worked vertically
by two men, one of whom stands in a /// below.
Pitapat, pita-pat, adv. with palpitation or quick
beating, [a repetition ofPat.}
fate, far ; me, her ; mine ;
Placard
Pitch, pich, n. a black, sticky substance, used in
calking ships, &c.v.t. to smear with pitch:
Pr.p. pitch'ing; Pa.p. pitched'. [A.S. pic; Ger.
Pcch ; Ice. bik ; I>. pix; Gr. pissa, akin topetti/,
L. picea, the fir.]
pitchy, pich'i, adj. , having the qualities ofPitch ;
smeared with pitch; black like pitch; dark; dismal.
Pitch, pich, v.t. lit, to pick or strike with a pike ; to
throw ; to fix or set in array ; to fix the tone.
v.i. to settle, as something pitched ; to come to
rest from flight ; to fall headlong : to fix the
choice : to encamp ; to rise and fall, as a ship :
Pr.p. pitch'ing ; pa.p. pitched'.n. any point
or degree of elevation or depression ; degree :
degree of slope ; a descent : in music, the height
of a note : in mech., distance between the centres
of two teeth, [a form of Pick.]
pitchfork, pich'fork, n, afork forpitching hay, &c.
pitchpipe, pich'plp, n. a smallpipe topitch the voice
or tune with.
Pitcher, pich'er, n. a vessel with a beak or spout for
holding water, &c. [old Fr. pichier, Sp. arid
Port, pichel, Basque, pitcherra, a tankard,
pitcher; It. bicchiere.] See Beaker.
pitcher-plant, pich'er-plant, . a tropical plant, with
vase-shaped leaves holding water like pitchers.
Piteous. See under Pity.
PtsfUL See under Pit.
Pith, pith, n. the marrow or soft substance in the
centre of plants : force; importance; condensed
substance; quintessence. [A.S. pitha; Dutch,
Pit, marrow.]
pithy, pith'i, adj.,full ofpith; forcible; strong;
energetic.adv. pith'ily.n. plth'lness.
pithless, pithles, adj. ,wantingpilh,(orcc,or energy.
Pitiable, Pltieth, Pitiful, &c. See under Pity.
Pittance, pit'ans, n. orig. a monk's allowance of
food ; a very small portion or quantity. [It. ; Sp. ;
Port.; Pitanza ; Fr. pitance: variously derived
from It. apitansant, appetising, pictat pity, and
Pile, a small coin, a morsel.]
Pity, pir/i, n. lit. and orig. piety ; sympathy with
distress ; a subject of pity_ or grief.v.t. to sym
pathise with 'pr.p. pit/ying ; Pa.p. pitied. [Fr.
pitie ; It. pieta ; L. pie/aspius, pious.]It
pitteth them, in Pr. Bk., it causcth pity in them.
piteous, pir/e-us, adj., fitted to excitepity ; mourn
ful : compassionate : paltry.
pitiable, pit i-abl, adj. , deserving pity ; affecting ;
wretched.. pit lableneu.adv. pit iably.
pitiful, pit'i-fool, adj.,full ofpity; compassionate:
sad : despicable.adv. pit'ifuily.n. pit'ifuineu.
pitiless, pit/i-les, adj., withoutpity ; unsympathis-
ing ; cruel.adv. plt'ilessly.ts. plt'ilessness.
pityingly, pit'i-ing-li, adv., in a pitying manner.
Pivot, piv'ut, n. the small peg or stake on which
anything turns: the officer or soldier at the flank,
on which a company wheels. [Fr. contr. of
pieuvot, dim. ofpieu, a stake ; It. pivolo, a peg
or pin, conn, with Pipe.]
pivoting, pv/ut-ing, . thepivot work in machines.
Pix, piks, n. same as Pyx.
Placable, plAlca-bl or plak'a-bl, adj., that maybe
appeased; relenting ; forgiving.adv. placably.
ns. placabtl'lty, pla'cablenei*. [L. placabilis
placo, to appease, prob. akin to Sans, pri, to
please.)
Placard, pla-kard' or plak'ard, ., anything broad
andfiat ; a bill stuck upon a wall as an adver-
mOte; mute; mSOn; then.
38x
 placard planting
tisement, &c [Fr. plaquard, a bill stuck on a plain-work, plan'-wurk, plain needlework, as
VfaXXplaquer, to stick, plaque, plate, tablet distinguished from embroidery.
Gr. plax, plakos, anything broad and flat.]
placard, pLa-k&rd', v.t. to publish or notify bypla Plaint, plant, n. lit. a beating of the breast in
mourning ; lamentation ; complaint : a sad song :
cards:pr.p. placard'ing; Pa.p. placard'ed. in law, the exhibiting of an action in writing by
Place, plas, a broad way in a city ; a space ; a plaintiff. [Norm, plainte ; old Fr. plainct,
locality; a town : a residence: existence: rank ; L. planctusplango, planeturn, to beat the
office: stead: way: passage in a book.v.t. to breast, &c. in mourning.] See Complain,
put in any place or condition ; to settle : to lend : plaintiff, plant/if, n., a complainant; in law, one
to ascribe '.pr.p. placing; Pa.p. placed'.n. who commences a suit against another,
pUc'er. [Fr. ; L. platca, a broad way in a city ; plaintive, planr'iv, adj., complaining; expressing
Gr. plateia, a street;ptatys, broad.] sorrow ; saA.adv. plaintively.n. plaintIrenes*.
placeman, pla&'man, ., one ivho has aplace or office Plait, plat, v.t., tofold; to double in narrow folds:
under a government.//, place'men. to interweave :pr.ji. plait'ing; Pa.p. plair/ed.
Placenta, pla-sen'ta, *. the spongy,flattened organ n, a fold ; a doubling : a braid. [L. plico, pli-
developed during pregnancy, connecting the plaiter, plat'er, catum, akin to Gr. plekd, to fold.]
foetus in the womb with the mother by the navel- n., one whoplaits or braids-
string, and expelled after birth: in bot., the part Plan, plan, n. a drawing of anything on a plane or
of a plant to which the seeds are attached.//, flat surface ; a ground-plot of a building : a
placen'tae. [L. ; Gx.plakous, a flatcakeplakoeis, scheme or project ; a contrivance.v.t. to make
flatpiaxy plakos, anything flat and broad.] a sketch of on a fiat surface : to form in design :
placental, pla-sen'tal, adj., pertaining to or having Pr.p. planning ; Pa.p. planned'. [Fr.L.
aplacenta.n. a mammal having a placenta. Planus, flat.] See Plain. [a projector,
Placid, plas'id, adj. orig. pleasing', gentle ; peace- ' planner, plan'cr, n., one whoplans or forms a plan ;
lul.adv. placidly.ns. placid'Ity, plac idnees. Planary. See under Plane.
[L. placidusplaceo, to please, akin to placo. Plane, plan, adj., plain; even; level; pertaining
Sec Placable.] to, lying in, or forming a plane.n. a level sur
Plagiary, pla'ji-ar-i, n. orig. a man-stealer; one who face: a tool for smoothing boards: in geom., a
steals the thougjhtsor writings of others and gives superficies.v.t. to make level :Pr.p. plan'ing ;
them out as his own.adj. practising literary Pa.p. planed'. [L. planus. See Plain.]
theft. [L. plagiarius, a man-stealerplagium, planary, plan'ar-i. adj., relatingto aplane, [plane.
man-stealingplagio, to surround with a net, to planisphere, plan'i-sfer, n., a sphere projected on a
stealplaga, a net, akin to plak, root of Gr. Planet, plan'et, . one of the bodies in the solar
plekd, to entwine.] system which revolve round the sun, so called
plagiarise, pla-ji-ar-Ir/, v.t. , tostealfrom thewritings from their wandering or moving about among
ofanother: plagiarising;Pa.p.plagiarised'. the other stars. [Gr. planttis, a wanderer
plagiarism, pl.'i ji-ar-izm, n., the act or practice of planad, to make to wander.]
Plagiarising, planetarium, plan-e-ta'ri-um, n. a machine shewing
plagiarist, plaji-ar-ist, n., one ivhoplagiarises. the motions and orbits of theplanets.
Plague, plag, *. lit a stroke, a wound ; any great planetary, plan'et-ar-i, adj., pertaining to the
natural evil : a pestilence ; anything troublesome. planets; consisting of or produced by planets ;
v. t. to infest with disease or calamity : to under the influence ofa planet : erratic ; revolving.
trouble '.~pr.p. plag'uing ; pa.p. plagued'. planetoid, plan'et-oid, n. a celestial body having
[Dutch, plage, a woundL. plaga, Gr. plfgt; theform ofaplanet ; an asteroid. [Gr. planeits,
a stroke;plissd, to strike.] and eidos, formridJf, L. video, to see.]
plague-mark, plag'-mark, plague-spot, plag'-spot, . planet-stricken, plan'et-strik-en, planet-struck, plan'
a mark or spot ofplague or foul disease. et-stnik, adj. in astrology, struck or affected by
Plaice, Please, plas, n. a broad, flat fish. [L. the planets; blasted.
Platcssa,a. flat fishGr. platys, broad, flat.] Plane-tree, plan'-tre", n. a fine tall tree, with large
Plaid, plad, n. lit. a blanket ; a loose outer gar broad leaves. [Fr. plane, piatane, L. piatanms,
Gr. platanosplatys, broad. See platan*.}
ment of woollen cloth, chiefly worn by the High
landers of Scotland. [Gael, plaide, a blanket, Planisphere. See under Plane.
contr. ofpeallaid, a sheep-skinfeall, a skin.] Plank, plangk, . a long, plain piece of timber,
plalded, plad'ed, adj., wearing a plaid. thicker than a board.v.t. to cover with planks :
Plain, plan, adj^even;flat; level; smooth: simple; pr.p. plank'ing; Pa.p. planked'. [L. pfanca, a
homely : artless ; sincere : evident ; mere : not boardplanus. See Plain.]
coloured or figured.adv. plainly.n. plain ness. riant, plant, n. lit that which is spread out ; a
[L. planus/ prob. akin to Gr. platys, wide, sprout ; any vegetable production : a child : the
broad, flat, and to Sans, prithu, broadroot tools or material of any trade or business.-v.t.
Prath, to be extended.] [an open field. to put into the ground for growth ; to furnish with
plain, plan, n., plain level land ; anyflat expanse ; plants : to set in the mind : to establish :Pr.p.
plain, pi ."hi, adv. honestly: distinctly. planr/ing; pa.p. plant'ed. [A.S. ; Fr. pl&nte
plain-dealer, plan'-dl-er, n. one who deals or speaks L. planta, the flattened thing, a shootplanus,
his mind plainly. flat. See Plain.]
plain-dealing, plrm'-ilel-in, adj. , dealing, speaking, plantation, plan-ta'shun, a placeplanted; in the
or acting plainly or honestly ; open ; candid.n. U. S. a large estate : a colony : introduction.
frank and candid speaking or acting; sincerity. planter, planter, n., one whoplants or introduces :
plain-hearted, plan'-hart-cd, adj. having a plain or the owner of a plantation.
honest heart; sincere.n. plaln'-heartedness. planting, planr/ing, ., the act of setting- in. tJL-
plain-spoken, plan'-spak-en, adj., speaking with ground for growth : the art of forming plama-
plain, rough sincerity. tions of trees : a plantation.
fate, far ; me", her ; mine ; mote ; mute ; mGon ; Men.
 Plantain pleading
Plantain, plan'tin, . an important food-plant of plandltcry, plawdlt-or-i, adj., applauding.
tropical countries. [Fr.L. plantago.} plausible, plawz'i-bl, adj., that may be applauded*
Plantigrade, plant'i-grad, adj. that walks on the sole fitted to gain praise : superficially pleasing ; ap
of the foot.n. a plantigrade animal, as the parently right; popular.adv. plausibly.ns.
bear. [Ls planta, the sole of the footplanus, plans ibieneas,plauslbU ity.[ L.plausibilispit1udo.]
flat, and gradior, to walk.] Play, pla, v.i. to engage in some exercise or in a
Plash, plash, a dash of water; a puddle; a game ; to sport ; to trifle : to move irregularly :
shallow pool.v.i. to dabble in water; to splash: to operate : to act in a theatre : to perform on a
pr.p, plash'ing ;Pa.p. plashed'. [Dutch, plasch, musical instrument : to practise a trick : to act a
a puddle, plasschen, to splash ; from the sound.] character: to gamble.v.t. to put in motion ; to
plathy, plash'i, adj., abounding with plashes or perform upon : to perform ; to act a sportive
puddles; watery. part: to compete with:Pr.p. playing; pa.p.
Plaster, plaster, n. something that eon be moulded piegian, played', [old E. pley, pleyer, A.S. ptegan,
into figures; a composition of lime, water, and play, pli, n.toany ply or exercise, to sport.]
exercise for amusement ; amuse
sand for overlaying walls, &c. : in med. , an ex
ternal application spread on cloth, &c.adj. ment: a contending for victory; practice in a
made of plaster.v.t. to cover with plaster: to ing, as fair-play : : aaction
contest : gaming or use ; manner of deal
cover with a plaster, as a wound :pr.p. plas dramatic composition : move
tering ; pa.p. plas'tered. [A.S. plaster, old Fr. ment : room for motion ; liberty ofaction. play/-
piastreL. emplastrum, Gr. emplastronem, bill, book,
a bill or advertisement of a play.play/-
a book ofplays or dramas.play'fellow, play
upon, plassS, to mould, to fashion.] mate, afellow or mate in play or amusements.
plasterer, plas'ter-cr, ., one who plasters, or one plaything, anything for playing with ; a toy.
who works in plaster.
plastering, plas'ter-ing, ., a covering ofplaster; player, pU'cr, n. an actor of plays or dramas; a
musician. [A.S. plegere.]
the plaster-work of a building.
plastic, phs'tik, adj., moulding; having power to playful, plafool, adj., given to play; sportive.
adv. play7fully.n. playfulness.
give form ; capable of being moulded. [Gr. playing-card, pliing-kard, n. one of a set of fifty-
plastikosplassd.] [plastic. two cards used in playing games.
plasticity, plas-tis'it-i, ., state or quality ofbeing Plea, Plead, &c. See
Plat, v.t. same as Plait. under Please.
Plat, plat, n. a plot or piece offlat ground ; a piece Pleasant, &c See under Please.
of ground laid out. [Fr. plat, Ger. platt, akin Please, plCz, v.t., to make cheerful; to delight ; to
to Gr. platys, flat.] satisfy.v.i. to like ; to choose '.pr.p. pleas'ing ;
platane, plat'an, theplane-tree. [L. platanus, pa.p. pleased'.n. pleas'er. [Fr. plaire, old Fr.
Gr. ptatanosplatys, broad, flat.] Plaisir, Sp. placer*\j. placeo, to please, akin to
platitude* plat'i-tud, n.t flatness: that which ex placo, to make cheerful, and Sans, fri, to be
hibits dulness ; an empty remark, pleased with.]
plateau, pla-tO', n. lit. a largeflat dish ; a broad, pleasing, pleYing, adj., giving pleasure; agree
able ; gratifying.adv. pleadingly.
flat space ; a table-land. [Fr.] pleasant, plerant, adj.,pleasing; agreeable ; cheer
platform, plat/form, ., theform of anything of a ful ; gay : trifling.adv. pleasantry.*, pleas
flat surface ; a raised level scaffolding : mil., au antness. [Fr. plaisant, pr.p. o(plaire.]
elevated floor for cannon,
plate, pl.it, n. , somethingflat'; a thin piece ofmetal : pleasantry,
pleasure;
plezant-ri, n. anything that promotes
merriment; lively talk. [Fr. plaisan-
wrought gold and silver; household utensils terieplaisant.]
in gold and silver : a flat dish ; an engraved pleasure, plezh'ur, n., that which pleases : agreeable
plate of metaLv.t. to overlay with a coating emotions; gratification: what the will prefers;
of plate or metal; to adorn with metal; to beat
into thin plates :Pr.p. plat/ing ; pa.p. plat/cd. purpose; command: approbation.v.t. in B.t
to give pleasure to :pr-P. pleasuring; Pa.p.
[Fr. plat, old Fr. plate, Prov. plata, a scale, a pleas'ured. [Fr. plaisir-L. placeo.]pleaYore-
plate, silver, from root of Plat.]plate'-glass, a boat, a boat used forpleasure or amusement.
fine kind ofglass, cast in thick plates.
plating, plating, . the overlaying with a coating mannerforpleasure. laid out in an ornamental
jilegjlun-groMiii,ground
ofplate or metal : a thin coating of metal,
platlna, plarln-a, platinum, platan-urn, n. a metal pleasurable, plezh'Or-abl, adj., able togivepleasure ;
of a dim silvery appearance. fSp. platina delightful ; gratifying.adv. pleas'nrably..
pleas'urableneis.
plata, plate, silver, from root of Plat.] plea, pig, n. lit. that which is said in order to
platter, plat'er, n. a large flat plate or dish.
Platonic, p!a-tonrik, Platonic*!, pla-ton'ik-al, adj., Please ; the act of pleading; the defender's
Pertaining to Plato, the Greek philosopher, or to answer to the plaintiff's declaration : an excuse ;
an apology: urgent entreaty, [old E. plead, Fr.
pis philosophical opinions: pure and unmixed plaid, old Fr. plait, low L. ptaitum, placitum,
with carnal desires.adv. FlatonicaUy. a conference, lit. an opinion, determination
Platonism, pla'ton-izm, n., thephilosophicalopinions placet, it pleases, seems goodplaceo, to please.
ofPlato.n. PLa tonist, a follower of Plata
Platoon, pla-tDTm', n. lit a knot or group of men : arguepled, plead,
in
v.i., to carry on a plea or lawsuit ; to
support of a cause against another : to
mil., orig. a body of soldiers in a hollow square ; seek to persuade : to admit or deny a charge of
a subdivision of a company. [Fr.peloton, a ball, guilt.v.t. to discuss by arguments : to allege in
a knot of menlow L. pelolaL. pila, a ball.] pleading or defence ; to offer in excuse.n.
Flatter. See under Flat. plead'er. [Fr. plaiderplaid, a plea.]
Plaudit, plawdit, n., applause ; praise bestowed, f1- pleading, plding, adj., imploring.-n.pl. in law,
ptaudite, do ye praise, a call for applause, 2d pcrs. the statements of the two parties in a lawsuit.
pi. imperative ofplaudo, plausum, to praise ] adv. plead ingly.
fate, far ; me", her ; mine ; mOte ; mate ; mo"On ; Men. 383
 Plebeian
Plebeian, ple-b'yan, adj., pertaining to or con
sisting of the common people ; popular ; vulgar.
. orig. one of the common people of ancient
Rome; one of the lower classes. [Fr. plibiicn,
L. plebeiusplebs, piebis, the common people.]
Pledge, plej, ., anything offered as security ; se
curity.v.t. to give as security; to engage for
hy promise : to invite to drink by partaking of
the cup first ; to drink to the health of :fr^f.
plcdg'ing; pa.p. pledged'.. pledger, [old Fr.
plege, low L. plegium, plivium, a pledge,
plegiare, plevire, to pledge, prob. from prabere,
to proffer (jSdem, a promise of security) : or
acc. to Wedgwood, akin to Dutch, pleghe, Ger.
pfficht, duty, service due to a feudal superior
Pflegen, to ply.] See Plight, Ply.
Pleiads, ple'yadz, Pleiades, plC'ya-dez, n.pl. in myth.,
seven daughters ofAtlas and Pleionc, after death
changed into stars : in astr., a g^oup of six stars
on the shoulder of the constellation, Taurus.
Plelocene, pll'o-se'n, adi. in geoL, relating to the
strata more recent than the meiocene or second
tertiary. [Gr. pleidn, more, kainos, recent.]
pleistocene, plTst'o-sfin, adj. in geol., pertaining to
the most recent tertiary deposits. [Gr. pieistos,
most, kainos, recent.]
Plenary, plen'ar-i, or pl5', adj., full; entire ; com
plete, [low L. plenariush. plenus, filled, full
pleo, to fill.]
plenipotentiary, plen-i-po-ten'shi-ar-i, adj., contain
ingfullPower.n, one having full power to trans
act any business, [low L. pUnipotentiarius
L. plenus, and potens, powerful. Sec Potent.]
plenitude, plen'i-tud, ., state ofbeingfull or com
plete; fulness. [L. plenitudeplenus, full.]
plenty, plcn'ti, n., a full or sufficient supply;
abundance, [old Fr. plenty, Prov. pientatL.
pUnitas, fulnessplenus, full.]
plenteous, plen'te-us, adj., containing plenty ;
abundant.adv. plen'teously.n. plen'teoueneM.
plentiful, plcn'ti-fool, adj., containing plenty l
fruitful.adv. plentifully.n. plen'tifulnesa.
Pleonasm, ple'o-nazm, n. use of more words than
are necessary : in rhet. , redundancy of language.
[Gr. pleonasmospleiSn, more, pleos, full.]
pleonastic, pl5-o-nas tik, pleonastical, ple-o-nas'tik-
al, adj., pertaining to pleonasm; redundant.
adv. pleonai'tlcally. [Gr. pleonastt'kos.]
Plethora, pleth'o-ra, . in med., excessive fulness
of blooo : overfulness in any way. [Gr. plHhdra
pllthed, to be or become fullpleos, full.]adjs.
plethoric, plethoret'lc, afflicted with plethora.
Pleura, plfJO'ra, . lit. a rib; the side; a delicate
serous membrane, which covers the lungs.//,
pleurae. [Gr.]
pleurisy, plCKS'ri-si, ., inflammation ofthepleura.
pleuritic, ploo-rit'ik, pleurltlcal, plOT-rit'ik-al, adj.,
pertaining to or affected with pleurisy.
jileuro-pneumonia, plC0-ro-nu-m5 ni-a, ., inflam
mation of thepleura and lungs. [Gr. pleura,
and pneumones, the lungs.] See pneumonia.
Pliable, Pliant, &c. Plicate, Plicated, Flier*. Sec
under Ply.
Plight, plTt, v.t., to pledge ; to give as security :
Pr.p. plight'ing ; pa.p. plighted.n. a pledge ; a
security: dangerous condition; condition. [A.S.
plihian, to expose to danger, to pledge, pliht,
danger, a pledge ; Dutch, pligt, Ger. pjlicht, an
obligation.] See Pledge, Ply.
Plinth, plinth, n. inarch., the lowest r/c--shaped
part of the base ofa column or pedestal ; the pro-
fate, far ; me, her ; mine ;
334
Plumb
jecting face at the bottom of a walL [L. plin-
thus, Gr. plinthos, a brick.]
Pliocene, same as Plelocene.
Plod, plod, v.u to travel laboriously : to toil : to
drudge ; to studyclosely '.pr.p. plodd'ing ;pa.p.
plodd'cd. [compare Gael, plod, a clod.]
plodder, plod'er, ., one wlioplods ; a dull, heavy,
laborious man.
plodding, plod'ing, adj. laborious, but slow.n.
slow movement or study.adv. ploddingly.
Plot, plot, . a plat or small extent of ground.
v.t. to make a plan of:pr.p. plotting; Pa.p.
plott'ed. [a form of Plat.}
Plot, plot, . a twisted or intricate scheme ; a con
spiracy ; stratagem : the chain of incidents in
the story of a play, &c.v.i. to scheme ; to form
a scheme of mischief; to conspire.v.t. to
devise :Pr.p. plotting ; Pa.p. plott'ed. [L.
plico, plicatum, Gr. plekd, to twist, to fold : or
from the idea of laying out or planning. See
Plot above, and Flan.]
plotter, plot'er, ., one whoplots ; a conspirator.
Plough, plow, n. an instrument (orig. a plug, peg, or
stake) for turning up the soil ; tillage.v.t. to
turn up with the plough; to furrow: to tear; to
divide : to run through in sailing :/r^*\ plough
ing ; pa.p. ploughed'.n. plongh'er. [Ger.pflock,
Dan. plSg, plok, apeg,plov, Ger. plug, a plough.]
plonghable, plowa-bl, adj., capable of being
ploughed; arable,
ploughboy, plow'boy, n. a boy who drives or guides
horses inploughing.
ploughman, plowman, ., a man who ploughs; a
husbandman ; a rustic.//, ploughmen,
ploughihaw, plowshar, . the part of a plough
which shears or cuts the ground. [Plough, and
A.S. scear, a share of a plough, a shearing
sceran, to cut.]
Plover. See under Pluvial.
Plow, plow, old spelling of Plough.
Pluck, pluk, v.t., to pull away ; to snatch : to strip :
Pr.p. pluck'ing; pa.p. plucked'.n. a single
act of plucking : the heart, liver, and lungs of an
animal: courage. [A.S. pluccian ; old Ger.
plukken ; Fr. /plucher, It. peluccare, conn, with
L.pilus, a hair.]
plucky, pluk'i, adj., having pluck or spirit.adv.
plnck'lly.. pluck'lnen.
Plug, plug, ., a block orpeg used to stop a hole.
v.t. to stop with a plug ; to drive plugs into:
r.p. plugging ; Pa.p. plugged'. [Dutch, plug, a
ung, a peg ; Sw. pligg, a peg ; coon, with
Block.]
plugging, plug'ing, ., the act of stopping vaiOi a
plug; the material of which a plug is made
Plum, plum, n. a well-known stone-fruit of various
colours; the tree producing it. [A.S.//wr^/ Fr.
prune; h.prunum; Gr.prounon.]
plumcake, plum'kak, ., cake containing jilunts,
raisins, or other fruit.
plumpudding, plum-pood'ing, ., pudding contain
ingplums, raisins, or other fruit.
Plumage. Sec under Plume.
Plumb, plum, . a mass of lead or other material,
hung on a string, to shew the perpendicular posi
tion.adj. standing according to the //.vwWHine:
perpendicular.v.t. to adjust by a plumbline ;
to make perpendicular:Pr.p. plumtring ;
plumbed.adv. in a plumb direction ; perpendic
ular. [Fr. plombL. plumbum, lead.]
mote ; mule ; mG3n ; Men.
 plumbago
plumbago, plum-ba'go, . a mineral of carbon and
iron, used for pencils, &c. wrongly thought to
be lead, from its resemblance to it.
plumbean, pluin'be-ah, plumbeous, plum'bc-us, adj.,
consisting ofor resembling had: stupid.
plumber, plum'er, ., one who works in lead.
plumbery, plum'er-i, ., articles oflead; tho busi
ness of a plumber : a place for plumbing.
plumbic, plum'bik, adj., pertaining to or obtained
from lead.
plumbing, plum'ing, . the art of casting and work
ing in lead, &c.
plBmbllne, plumTtn, n. a line attached to a mass of
lead to shew the perpendicular ; a plummet.
plummet, plum'et, . a weight of lead hung at a
string for sounding depths ; a plumbline.
Plume, plOTm, n., afeather; a feather worn as an
ornament ; a crest : token of honour ; prize of
contest.v.t. to sort the feathers of, as a bird ;
to adorn with plumes : to strip of feathers : to
boast :Pr.p. plQm'ing ; pa.p. plumed. [Fr.L.
pluma, a small soft feather.]
plumage, ploom'aj, n. the whole feathers of a bird.
plumose, pl&"0-mCs', plumoua, ploTJ'mus, adj. ,
feathery ; plume-like.
Hummer, Plummery. See plumber, plumbery.
Plummet. See under Plumb.
Plump, plump, adj., like a lump; massive; fat;
round : unreserved, i.e., blurting out as in a lump.
^v.i. to fall like a lump ; to fall suddenly.v.t. to
give in the lump orundivided (asa vote toOne only) :
pr.p.plump ing ;/./.plumped'.adv. heavily ;
suddenly. [Ger. plump ; Ice. plumpr; Dutch,
plomp, massive, lumpish: an imitative word.]
plumper, plumper, n. a vote given to one candidate
only when more are to be elected, thus swelling
the number of his votes above that of the others.
plumply, plump'li, adv., in aplump manner: with
out reserve.
plumpness, plump'nes, ., the state or quality of
beingplump.
Plunder, plun'dcr, v.t. to seize the baggage or goods
of another by force; to pillage '.pr.p. pluu'der-
ing; Pa.p. plundered.n. that which is seized
by force ; booty. [Dutch, plunderen, Ger. pinn
ae, to seize the goods of anotherDutch,
plunje, clothes, Ger.plunder, baggage.)
plunderer, plun'dcr-er, ., one who plunders; a
spoiler ; a robber.
Plunge, plunj, v.t. lit. to fall like a plumbline ; to
cast suddenly into water or other fluid : to baptise
by immersion.v.i. to sink suddenly into any
fluid ; to dive : to rush headlong, as a horse : to
rush into any danger:pr.p. plung'ing; Pa.p.
5lunged'.. act of plunging : act of rushing
eadlong, as a horse. [Fr. plonger; It. piom-
bare, tofall like aplumb-line~L.//w^Km, lead.]
plunger, plunj'er, n., one who plunges; a diver: a
long, solid cylinder used as a forcer in pumps,
plunging, plunj'ing, adj., rushing headlong; pitch
ing downward.. the putting or sinking under
water, or other fluid ; the act of a horse trying
to throw its rider.
Pluperfect, plDO'per-fekt, adj. lit. more than or
before perfect: in gram., noting that an action
happened before some period referred to. [L.
plus, more, and Perfect.]
Plural, pluG'ral, adj. expressing more than one;
containing more than one.n. in gram., the
number denoting more than one.adv. plu'raily.
.[L. pluralisplus, pluris, more.]
file, far ; me, hex ; mine ;
T
pocket
pluralism, ploTS'ral-izm, ., the state ofbeingplural;
the holding ofmore than one ecclesiastical living.
pluralist, plou'ral-ist, n. a clergyman who holds
more than one ecclesiastical benefice.
plurality, plOO-ral'i-ti, ., the state ofbeingplurat;
a number consisting of more than one ; the ma
jority : the holding of more than one benefice.
Plush, plush, . a variety of cloth-like velvet, with a
pile or hairy surface. [Fr. peluche; Dutch,
pluis, a kind of cloth with a shaggy pileL.
pilus, hair.] See Pile.
Plutonian, pluo-tG'rii-an, Platonic, ploD-ton'ik, adj.
lit. belonging to Pluto; formed by the agency
of fire : infernal : dark. [L. Plutonius ; Gr.
Plouttniosl.. Pluto, Gr. Phuton, Pluto, the
god of the infernal regions or regions of fire.]
Pluvial, plOT'vi-al, adj., pertaining to rain ; rainy.
[L. pluvialispluvia, rainpluo, to rain, akin
tof/uo, Sans, plu, to flow. ]
pluvious, plOo'vi-us, adj., abounding in rain ; rainy.
plover, pluv'er, n. lit. the ram-bird ; a wading bird
which chiefly frequents low moist grounds. [Fr.
pluvierL. pluvia, rain.]
Ply, pll, v.t. lit to bend, to fold; to work at
steadily : to urge.v.i. to work steadily : to go
in haste : to make regular passages between two
ports : to make way against the wind '.Pr.p.
pl/ingi/a./. plied'.n. a fold : bent; direction.
[Ger. Pftegen, to take care of, to be accustomed
to ; Yi.plier, to ply; L.ptico,plicaturn, to bend;
Gr. pleh, to fold.]
plyera, same as pliers under.
pliable, pli'a-bl, adj., easily bent orfolded; supple ;
easily persuaded,
pliableness, ptfa-bl-nes, pliability, pll-a-bil'i-ti,
quality ofbeingpliable or flexible,
pliant, ylT'ant, adj., easily bent ; flexible: tractable;
easily persuaded.n. pliancy.adv. pli'ontly.
plicate, pliTi.lt, plicated, pll'kat-ed, adj., folded;
plaited. [L. plicaluspltco. See Plait.]
pllen, plT'ers, n.pl. pincers for seizing and bending.
Pneumatic, nu-mat'ik, Pneuuaticol, nu-mat'ik-al,
adj., relating to air; consisting of air; moved
by air or wind : pertaining to pneumatics.adz>.
riieuniit'icoliy. [h.pneumaticus, Gr. pneumatikos
pneuma, wind, airpned, to blow, to breathe.]
pneumatics, nil-mat'iks, n.sing., t/te science which
treats ofair and other elastic fluids or gases,
pneumatology, nu-mat-ol'o-ji, n., the scienceofclastic
fluids, or, more generally, ofspiritual substances.
[Gr. pneuma, wind, spirit, and logos, science.]
pneumatologiit, nu-mat-ol'o-jist, n., one versed in
pneumatology.
pneumonia, nQ-mG'ni-a, inflammation of the
lungs. [Gr. from pneumdn, pi. pneumones, the
lungspneuma, air.]
pneumonic, nu-mon'ik, adj.,pertaining to the lungs.
Pooch, pOch, v.t. lit. to poke or thrust with the
fingers ; to dress, as eggs, by beating and boiling
slightly :pr.p. poach ing ; pa.p. poached', [old
Fr. pocher, to thrust with the fingers. Sec Poke,
to thrust]
poach, pflch, v.i. lit. topoke or intrude on another's
preserves in order to steal game.v.t. to steal
game 'Pr.p. poach'ing ; Pa.p. poached'.n.
poach er, one who poaches or steals game.
Pock, pok, ft. lit. a bag; a small elevation of the
skin containing matter, as in small-pox. [A.S.
poce, Ger. pocke.\Pock'-raork, Pock'-pit, the
mark, pit, or scar left by a pock.
pocket, pok'et, ., a little pouch or bag, esp. one
mote ; mute ; moon ; then.
 Pod
attached to a dress.v.t. to put in the pocket;
to take stealthily '.Pr.p. pock'eting ; pa.p.
pock'eted. [dim. of A.S. pocca. Ice. poki, a
pocket.Jpock et-book, a book for holding papers
earned in the pocket.pocket-money, money
carried in the pocket for ordinary expenses.
Pod, pod, n., the covering of the seed of plants, as
the pea or bean.v.i. to fill, as a pod ; to produce
pods :pr.p. podd'ing ; pa.p. podded'. [A.S.
pad, a covering.]
Poem, p&'em, n. lit. anything made or created ; a
composition in verse. [Fr. potme, L. pocma
Gr. poiimapoie&t to do or make.]
poesy, po'c-si, n., the art of composing poems;
poetry; a poem. [Fr. poisie, L. poesisGr.
Poiisispoied, to do or make.]
poet, po'et, . lit a maker of a poem; the author
of a poem ; one skilled in making poetry ; one
with a strong imagination.-/cm. poetess. [Fr.
Poete, L. poeta, Gr. poiitispoied.]
poetaster, poet-as-ter, a petty poet ; a writer of
contemptible verses, [freq. of poet.)
poetic, po-efik, poetical, po-ertk-al, adj., pertain
ing or suitable to poetry : expressed in poetry :
marked by poetic language : imaginative. [L.
PoeticaGiT. poitiki, poetic.]adv. poet ioaUy, in
a poetic manner.
poetics, po-et'iks, n.sing. the branch of criticism
which relates to poetry.
poetise, po'et-Tz, v.i., to write as a poet ; to make
verses :pr.p. po'etlsing ; Pa.p. poetised.
poetry, po'et-ri, ., the art or practice of writing
poems ; metrical composition ; the language of
excited imagination or feeling, [old Fr. poeterie.]
Poignant, poin ant, adj., stinging, pricking; sharp ;
penetrating : acutely painful : satirical : pungent.
adv. poignantly. [Fr. poignant, pr.p. ofold Fr.
poindre, to stingL. Pungo, to sting, to prick.]
poignancy, poin'an-si, state ofbeingpoignant.
point, point, n., that which pricks or pierces ; any
thing coming to a sharp end : the mark made by
a sharp instrument: in geom., that which has
neither length, breadth, nor thickness; a mark
shewing the divisions of a sentence : in music, a
dot at the right hand of a note, to raise its value
one-half: a very small space ; a moment of time;
a small affair ; a single thing : a single assertion ;
the precise thing to be considered : anything in
tended : exact place ; degree : that which stings,
as the point of an epigram; a lively turn of
thought ; that which awakens attention ; a pecu
liarity \pi. the switch on a railway. [Fr. ; It.
puntaL. punctumpungo.]
point, paint, v.t., to give a point to; to sharpen :
to aim ; to direct one's attention : to punctuate,
as a sentence : to fill the joints of with mortar,
as a wall.v.i. to direct the finger towards an
object ; to shew game by looking, as a dog:
pr.p. point'ing ; pa.p. point'ed.point oat, in B.,
to assign.
point-blank, point-blank', n. lit. a white spot to
aim &t.adj\ aimed directly at the mark : direct.
adv. directly, [Fr. point-blanc, white point.
See Blank.]
pointed, point'ed, adj., having a sharp point ;
sharp : direct ; personal : keen ; telling : in arch.,
having arches sharply pointed, Gothic.adv.
polnt'edly.re. point ednesa.
pointer, point'er, ., that which points; a dog
trained to point out game,
pointing, point/ing, . the marking of divisions in
writing by points or marks ; stale of being pointed
fate, far; m, her; mine;
polemic
with marks : act of filling the crevices of a wall
with mortar.
pointless, pointles, adj., having no point; blunt:
dull ; wanting keenness or smartness.
pointsman, points'man, n. a man who has charge
of the points or switches on a railway.
Poise, poiz, v.t. lit. to hang or weigh ; to balance ;
to make of equal weight : to examine :Pr.p.
poising ; pa.p. poised'.n. weight ; balance ;
equilibrium : that which balances, a rcguUting
power : the weight used with steelyards, [old
Fr. poiser, It. pesareL. penso, inten. ofPendo,
to hang, to weigh.]
Poison, poi'zn, n. lit. a potion or draught ; any sub
stance having injurious ordeadly effects; anything
malignant or infectious : that which taints or
destroys moral purity.v.t. to infect or to kiD
with poison : to taint ; to imbitter ; to corrupt :
prr.p. poi'soning ; Pa.p. poi'soned.n. poisoner.
[Fr. L. potto, a draughtpoto, to drink.J
poisonous, poi'zn-us, adj., having the quality of
poison ; destructive
purity.adv. : impairingpois'onoasnes*.
poU'onottsly.n. soundness or
Poke, pok, a bag, same as Pock, Pocket.
Poke, pOk, v.t., to thrust or push against with
something pointed ; to search for with a long in
strument ; to thrust at with the horns.v.i. to
grope or feel :Pr.p. pok'ing ; Pa.p. poked'.
n. act of pushing or thrusting ; a thrust. [Dutch,
poken, to poke, poke, a dagger ; Ice. piaka, to
thrust ; akin to L. pungo, to prick, and to Pick,
Pike, Peak, Beak.]
poker, pok'er, n. an iron rod for jtoking or stirring
the fire.
Pole, pOl, that on which anything turns, as a
pivot or axis ; one of the ends of the axis of a
sphere, esp. of the earth : in physics, one of the i
two ends of a magnet. [Fr. L. polus, Gr. polos
Poled( peld, to turn.]Poles of the heavens, the
two points in the heavens opposite to the poles
of the earth.Pole-star, a star at or near thepole
of the heavens.
polar, pd'lar, adj., pertaining to or situated near
the poles: pertaining to the magnetic poles.
polar-circle, one of two circles on the earth, 23"
28' from the pole.
polarise, polar-12, v.t., to give polarity to:pr.p.
pO'lartsing ; pa.p. polarised.re. polariser, that
which polarises or gives polarity to.
polarisation, po-lar-i-za'shun, ., act ofpolarising:
state of having polarity.
polarity, pii-lar'it-i, n. a property in certain bodies
by which they arrange themselves in certain
directions, or point, as it were, to given poles.
Pole, pal, n. lit. that which is made fast in or
driven into the ground ; a pale or pile; a long
piece of wood ; an instrument for measuring ; a
measure of length, 5$ yds., in sq. measure 30I
yds. [K.S.pol,pal, Gcr.pfahlUpalus, a stale.
See Pale.JPole'-axe, an axe fixed on a pole.
Pole, pel, n. a native ofPoland.
Polish, poTish, adj-, relating to Polandor its people.
Polecat, palTtat, re. a kind of weasel, which emits a
disagreeable odour, called also the Fitchct, and
Foumart, [old Fr. pulent, stinking.]
Polemic, po-Iem'ik, Polemical, po-lem'ik-al, adj. lit.
warlike; given to disputing; controversial
adv. polemically. [Gr. polcmtkos-polentas, war.]
polemic, po-lem'ik, n. a disputantn.sing. polemics,
contest or controversy : in theol., the history of
ecclesiastical controversy.
mote; mute; mOon; then.
 Police
po-leV, n. a system of regulations for the
government of a city, town, or district ; the
internal government of a state : the civil officers
for preserving order, &c. [Fr. ; L. politiaGr.
Politeia, the condition of a state- / . , to
govern a rtnta ptHlit, a citizenpolls, a city.]
policy, pol'i-si, *. , the art or manner ofgoverning a
nation; a system of official administration : dex
terity of management ; prudence ; cunning, [old
Fr. police, same as police, ]
politic, poli-tik, adj. , pertaining to apolicy; well-
devised; judicious: skilled in political affairs:
prudent; discreet; cunning.adv. pol'ltlcly. [Fr.
PolitiqueGr. poUtikospolites, a citizen.]
politics, pol'i-tiks, n.sing., the art or science of
the management of a political
party : political affairs,
political, po-hYik-al, adj., pertaining to polity or
government ; pertaining to nations : denved from
government.adv. pollt'ically.
politician, pol-i-tish'an, one versed in or devoted
topolitics : a man ofartifice and cunning,
polity, pol'i-ti, n. the constitution of the govern
ment of a state; civil constitution.
Policy, pol'i-si, n. lit, a book or register, a schedule ;
a warrant for money in the funds ; a writing con
taining a contract of insurance. [Fr. Police, It
PolizzaL. folyptycha, a registerGr. Polyp-
tyckon, having many folds or leavesPolys,
many, ptychi, fold, leafptyssd, to fold.]
Polish, pol'ish, adj. See Pole.
Polish, pol'ish, v.t., to make to skine; to make
smooth and glossy by rubbing : to refine ; to make
elegant. v.t. to become smooth and glossy:
pr.p. polishing; pa.p. pol'ishcd.n. pol'laber.
[Fr.Polir, polissantL. polio, to make to shine.]
polite, po-llt', adj., polished; smooth ; refined ;
well-bred ; obliging.adv. polite ly.. polite'-
nem. [L. polilus, pa.p. ofpolio.]
Politic, &c. Politician, Polity. See under
poilca, n. a dance of Bohemian origin : also
its tune. [Bohem, fiulha, half, from the half step
prevalent in it : also given from Slav, polka, a
Polish woman.]
Poll, pSl, n. lit. anything round like a ball; the
head, esp. the back of it : a register of heads
or persons ; the entry of the names of electors
who vote for civil officers, such as M.Ps. ; an elec
tion of civil officers ; the place where the votes
are taken.v.t, to remove the tup; to cut; to
clip; to lop, as the branches of a tree: to enter
one's name in a register; to bring to the poll as
a voter :Pr.p. poll ing ; pa.p. polled'.. poller.
[Dutch, Pout, bol, a ball, top. Ice. kotlr, top,
head, conn, with Ball. Bowl, and Bole.]
pollard, pol'ard. n. a tree polled or with its top cut off.
poll-tax, pol'-taks, n., a tax by the poll or head.
Poll, pol, it. a familiar name, often of a parrot.
[contr. of Polly, a form of Holly = Mary. ]
Pollack, pol'ak, Pollock, pol'uk, n. a sea-fish of the
cod family, resembling the whiting. [Ger.]
Pollen, pol'en, n. the powder which is shaken down
on the style in flowers, and which makes the seed
swell : fine flour. [L., from Gr. palld, to sift by
shaking.]
Pollock See Pollack.
Pollute, pol-ISor/. v.t. lit. to overflow ; to soil; to
denlc ; to make foul : to taint ; to corrupt ; to
profane: to violate by unlawful sexual inter
course:^./, polluting ; Pa.p. potlut'ed.n.
fate, far; me, her; mine ;
pomegranate
pollut er. [L. polluo, pollutumpro, forth, luo,
to wash.]
pollution, pol-loo'shun, *., act ofpolluting; state of
being polluted ; defilement ; impurity.
Polony, po-lfl'ni, n. a dry sausage made of meat
partly cooked, [corrupted from Bologna.]
Poltroon, pol-trODn', . lit. one who lies in bed; an
idle, lazy fellow ; a coward ; a dastard ; one with
out courage or spirit.adj. base, vile, contempt
ible. [Fr. poltron, It Poltronepoltro, lazy ;
Poltrirr, to lie abed lazily, from poltra, a bed :
akin to Ger. Polster, a bolster, and Bolster.]
poltroonery, pol-trOon'er-i, >/., the spirit of a Pol
troon ; laziness ; cowardice ; want of spirit
Polverine, pol'ver-In, or -in, the dust or calcined
ashes of a plant from the Levant, used in glass-
making. [It.polverinoh.pulvis.pulveris, dust.]
Polyanth, pol'i-anth, Polyanthus, pol-i-an'thus, n. a
kind of primrose bearing many flowers. [Gr.,
from Polys, many, and anthos, a flower.]
Polycotyledon, pol-i-kot-i-l'don, n. a plant having
many cotyledons or seed-lobes.adj. polycotyle^
donous- [Gr. polys, many, and Cotyledon.J
Polygamy, pol-iga-mi, n. lit the having in marriage
many at one time ; the having more than one
wife at the same time. adj. polyp amom [Gr.
PolygamiaPolys, many, andgamos, amarriage.]
polygamist, pol-ig a-mist, one who practises or
advocatespolygamy.
Polyglot, pol l-glot, adj. having or containing many
languages.n. a book in several languages, esp.
a Bible of this kind. [Gr. polygldttospolys,
many, andgldtta, the tongue, language.]
Polygon, pol'i-gon, n. a figure of many angles, or
with more than four.adjt . polygonal, poiyt; ouous.
[Gr. polygdnosPolys, many, gdnia, an angle.]
Polyhedron, pol-i-he'dron, n. a body with many
sides.adjs. polyhedral, polyhe'drous. [Gr. polys,
many, and hedraf a scat or side.]
Polynomial, pol-i-no mi-al, n. an algebraic quantity
of many names or terms.adj. of many names
or terms. [Gr. Polys, many, onoma, a name.]
Polyp, Polype, poPip. Polypus, pol'i-pus, n., some
thing with manyfeet or roots : an aquatic animal
of the radiate kind, with many arms : a tumour
with a narrow base, somewhat resembling a pear,
found in the nose, &.c.adj. pol'ypous. [Or. poly
pousPolys, many, and pous, a foot.)
Folypetalous, pol-i-per?al-us, adj. , with manypetals.
[Gr. Polys, many, and Fetalous.]
Polypode, pol'i-pod, n. an animal with manyfeet.
[Gv. polypouspolys, many, pous, podos, a foot]
Polypus. See Polyp, above.
Polysyllable, pol'i-sil-a-bl, ., a word of many or
more than three syllables.adjs. polysyllab'ic,
polyiyUab IcaL [Gx. polys, many, and Syllabi*.]
Polytechnic, pol-i-tek'nik, adj. comprehending many
arts. [Gr. polys, many, and technl, an art.]
Polytheism, pol'i-thi-izm, it. the doctrine of a
plurality ofGods.adjs.\
leal [Gr. Polys, many, and theos, a god.]n.
pol'ythelst, a believer in many gotis.
'omac*, po-maV or pum'as, the
apples or similar fruit [low L. pow.
pomum, fruit such as apples, &c.J
lomaceous, po-ma shus, adj., relating to, con
of, or resembling apples; like pomace,
omade, po-mad', pomatum, po-ma'tum, n. orig. an
ointment made from applet I any greasy composi
tion for dressing the hair,
omcgranate, pomgran-at, or puin', n. a tree bear-
 Pommel Porcelain
mgfruit like the orange, with numerous grains Poop, pOTp, n., the stem of a ship ; a deck above
or seeds. [L. pomum, and granatum, having the ordinary deck in the after-part of a ship.
many grains. Sec Grain.] v.t. to strike the stern :Pr.p. pOOp'ing ; pa.f.
Pommel, pum'el, n. lit. anything round like an pOOped'. [Fr. poupe. It. poppa, L. puppis.]
apple; a knob or ball; the knob on a sword- Poor, pOOr, adj., having little; without means;
hilt; the high part of a saddle-bow.v.t. to beat needy : spiritless ; depressed : in B., humble, con
as with a pommel, or anything thick or heavy ;
to bruise :Pr.p. pomm'elling ; pa.p. pomm'elled. trite : wanting in appearance ; lean : wanting in
strength; weak; wanting in value; inferior:
[old Fr. ; low L. pomeIIuspomum.] wanting in fertility ; sterile : wanting in fitness,
Pomp, pomp, n. lit a sending, sfunvy procession ; beauty, or dignity ; trifling ; paltry : dear (endear
pageantry ; ceremony ; splendour ; ostentation ; ingly).adv. pooriy.n. poor nest. [oldE./ow,
grandeur. [L. potnpa, Gr. pompi'pempd, to Povere, Fr. pauvre, L. pauper, akin to paucus,
send.J few.] '
pompom, pomp'us, adj., displaying pcrmp or poor -house, p$oV-hous, ., a house established at
grandeur; grand; magnificent; dignified; boastful. the public expense for the benefit ofthepoor.
ad-j. pomp'ouily.us, pomp'oueneta, pompoi ity. poor-lawi, pOorMawz, ., laws relating to the sup
Fond, pond, n. a body of fresh water shut in or port ofthepoor.
dammed up. [from A.S.pyndan, to shut in.] Sec poor-rate, poor-rut, ., a rate or tax for the support
Pound, to shut up. ofthe poor.
Ponder, porfder, v.t. lit. to weigh ; to weigh in the poor-sptrlted.
spirit;
poor-spir'it-cd, adj., poor or mean in
cowardly; base.. poor-eplr'itedneu.
mind; to think over; to consider '.Pr.p. pon'-
dering; Pa.p. pon'dcred.n. pon'derer. [L. Pop, pop, . a sharp, quick sound or report.v.t.
Pondcropondus, a weight, pendo, to weigh.] to make a sharp, quick sound ; to dart ; to move
ponderable, pon'der-abl, adj., able to be weighed; quickly.v.t. to thrust suddenly; to bring sud
having sensible weight.n. ponderability. denly to notice '.Pr.p. popping ; pa.p. popped'.
ponderous, pon'der-us, adj., weighty; massive : forc adv. suddenly, [from the sound.]
ible ; important.adv. pon'deromdy. Pope, pop, n.,father of a church ; the bishop of
ponderotunew, poifder-us-ncs, ponderosity, pon-der- Rome, head of the R. C. Church : a kind of
os'i-ti, ., state of being ponderous; weight; perch. [Fr. pape; L. papa. Sec Papa.]
heaviness. Popedom, pOp'dom, office, dignity, or jurisdic
Poniard, pon'yard. * a small pointed dagger for tion of the Pope.
stabbing.v.t. to stab with a poniard :/r./. Popery, pflp'er-i, ., the religion ofwhich the Pope
pon'iarding; Pa.p. pon'iarded. [Fr. poignard, is the head, Roman Catholicism.
It. pugnale, L.pugiopungo, to stab.] Sec Point. Popish, pop'ish, adj., relating to the Pope or
Pontage, pont'aj, ., a toll paid on bridges, [low Popery; taught by Popery.adv. pop'UhJy.
L. pontagiumpons, pontis, a bridge, akin to Popinjay, pop'in-jfi, n. lit. the babbling cock ; orig.
Sans, pand, pad, to go, or badh, to bind, to a parrot ; a mark like a parrot, put on a pole
bridge over.] to he shot at : a fop or coxcomb, [old Fr. pape-
pontoon, ponton, pon'toTJn, n. a buoyant vessel of gai; It. pappaga/loBav. pappetn, to chatter,
India-rubber, &c. (formerly an open flat-bottomed and Fr. gau, It. gallo, L. gal/us, a cock.]
boat) used in military operations to construct
temporary bridges ; a bridge of boats : a Ughter. Poplar, pop'lar, . a tree common in the northern
hemisphere, of rapid growth, and having soft
[Fr. pontonL. ports, a bridge.] wood, [old Yx.poplier,Yx. peupiier, L. populus.\
Pontiff, pon'tif, n. orig. a Roman high-priest : in Poplin, poplin, n. a fabric made of silk and worsted.
the R. C. Church, the Pope. [Fr. pontife, L. [Fr. popelinc.]
pojitifex, pontificispons, a bridge, and facio, Poppy,
to make, and so == a bridge-maker, the Pontifices juice pop'i, n. a plant having a white narcotic
and large showy' flowers, from one species
being said to have made and repaired the first of which opium is obtained. [A.S. pepig. It.
bridge over the Tiber : or fromfacio, in the sense papavero, L. Papavcr.]
of to offer sacrifice, and so = one who offered Populace, pop'u-liis, or -las, ., the people; the com
sacrifice on the bridge : also given from Sans. mon people. [Fr. ; L. populus.] See People.
Pu, to purify, and h.facio, and so = a purifier.]
pontlflc, pon-tif'ik, pontifical, pon-tif'ik-al, adj. of popular, pop'u-lar, adj., pertaining to Hie people;
or belonging to a Pontiffox the Pope ; splendid ; pleasing
easily
to or prevailing among the people;
comprehended ; inferior ; vulgar. adv.
magnificent.n. a book of ecclesiastical cere pop'ularly. [L. popularis.]
monies.pontificals, k. the dress of a priest, popularity, pop-u-larVti, n., quality or state ofbeing
bishop, or Pope. [L. pontificalis.\ Popular ox pleasing to the people.
pontificate, pon-tifi-kit, n., the dignity of a Pontiff populariie,
or high-priest ; the office and dignity or reign of suitable pop'Q-lar-Tz, v.t., to make popular or
to the people '.pr.p. popularising :
a Pope. [L. pontifcatus.] Pa.p. popularised.
Pontoon, Ponton. See under Pontage.
Pony, pO'ni, . a small horse, [perhaps from Puny.] populate, pop'fi-lat, v.t., to people; to furnish with
inhabitants :pr.p. pop'Qlating ; pa.p. pop'ulated.
Poodle, pOo'dl, . a small dog with long silky hair. [L. popular, />opulatuspopnlus.\
[Ger. pudel.] population, pop-u-lashun, ., act of populating Z
Pooh, pro, int. an exclamation of contempt or dis the inhabitants of any place.
dain, [from the sound.] populous, pop'u-lus, adj. ,full rfpeople ; numerously
Pool, pool, n., a wet, muddy place, a marsh; a inhabited.adv. populously.n. pop ulonxtMS*.
small body of water : the receptacle for the stakes Porcelain, pors'liin or poVse-tiui, n. a fine kind of
in certain games : the stakes themselves. [A.S. earthenware, white, thin, and semi-transparent.
pol, W. fioll. Ice. pollr, Dutch, poel, Ger. [Fr. Porcelaine; It. porcellana, the Venus' shell,
Pfuhl, akin to L. palus, a marsh, Gr. pftos, mud.] which porcelain resembles in transparency.]
fate, far ; mc, her ; mine ; mOte ; mute ; moun ; thexx.
323
 Porch
Porto, pOrch, . orig. a portico or covered walk ; a
Eortico at the entrance of churches and other
uildings : the public porch in the forum of Athens
where Zeno the Stoic taught ; fig. the Stoic phil
osophy. [Fr. porxhe, It. portico, L. porticus,
fromporta, a gate, entrance. See Port]
Porcine, por'sln, adj., pertaining to swine. [L.
poreinuspercus, a swine.]
Porcupine, poKkfl-pTn, . lit. the spiny hog; a
rodent quadruped, covered with spines or quills,
capable of rolling itself up when attacked. [It.
Porco spt'noso ; L. porcus, a hog, spina, a spine. ]
Pore, pflr, n. in anat., a minute passage in the skin
for the perspiration ; an opening between the
molecules of a body. [L.porus; Gr. poros.]
porlform, pAVi-form, adj. in theform of a pore.
porous, por'us, adj., havingpores.adv. porously,
porosity, pO-rosi-ti, n., quality ofbeingporous.
Pom, pOr, v.i. prob. to Peer; to look with steady
attention on ; to study closely pr.p. poVing ;
Pa.p. pored', [prob. akin to Peer.]
Port, pork, at. the flesh of swine. [Fr. Pore; L.
Porcus, Gr. porkos, a hog.]
porker, po'rk'er, n., ayoung hog ; a pig.
Porosity, Porous. See under Pore.
Porphyry, por'fir-i, n. a very hard, variegated rock,
of a purple and white colour, used in sculpture.
[L. and Gr. porphyrins, from porphyra, purple
pkyrd, to confuse, as the sea is purple when
agitated by a storm.]
porphyrlse, por'fir-Tz, v.t,, to cause to resemble Por
phyry ;~Pr.p. por'phyrlsing ; pa.p. por'phyrlsed.
porphyrttic, por-fir-i t'ik, porphyraceous, por-fir-S'-
shus, adj., resembling or consisting ofporphyry.
Porpoise, por'pus, Porpess, por'pes, . lit. thehog-fish;
a gregarious kind of whale, from 4 to 8 feet long,
caught for its oil and flesh. [It. porco-pesceL.
Porcus, a hog, and piscis, a fish, from its hog
like appearance in the water.]
Porridge, por'rij, n. broth seasoned with leeks or
other vegetables ; meal or flour boiled with water
or milk, &c to a thin paste, [from obs. porret,
L. porrum, Gr. prason, a leek : or prob. a cor
ruption of Pottage.]
porringer, por'rin-jer, n. a small dish forporridge.
Port, port, n. a dark-purple wine from Oporto in
Portugal.
Fort, port, a harbour; a haven or safe station
for vessels. [L. portus.]
Port, pOrt, n. , a gate or entrance; a port-hole; lid of
a port-hole. [A.S. ; Fr. Porte: L,. porta.]
portal, port'al, n., a smallgate ; any entrance : in
arch., the arch over a gate ; the lesser of two
gates, [old Fr. ; Fr.portail; low L. portale.]
portcullis, pCrt-kul'is, n., a sliding door of cross
timbers pointed with iron, hung over a gateway,
so as to be let down in a moment to keep out an
enemy, [Fr. Porte, and coulisse, from couler,
L. colo, to filter.]
Porte, pOrt, n. the Turkish government, so called
from the vi/* of the sultan's palace, where justice
was administered.
porter, pOrt'er, n. a door-kecper or ^irfV-kecper ;
one wno waits at the door to receive messages.
Jem. port'eress or portress.
porthole, pOrt'hOl, n. a hole or opening in a ship's
side for light and air, or for pointing a gun
through. [Port, and Hole.]
portico, pOr'ti-kO, n. orig. a covered walk; an orna
mental porch with columns before a gateway.
$1. porticoes, poVti-kflz. [It ; L. porticus.]
fate, far; mi, her; mine;
Pose
portlcoed, pOVti-kikl, adj., furnished with a pot*
tico.
portress, pOrt'res, of porter.
Port, pOrt, v.t. lit to carry or bear; to put to the
left side ofa ship ; to hold, as a musket, in a slant
ing direction upward across the body:pr.p.
pOrt'ing ; Pa.p. pOrt'ed. bearing; demean
our ; the left side of a ship. [L. Porto, to carry,
akin to Gr. pherd, Sans, ohri, to Dear.]
portable, pOrt/a-bl, adj., that may be carried; not
bulky or heavy.n. port'ablenesa.
portage, pOrt/aj, ., act 0/ carrying; carriage:
price of carriage.
port-crayon, pOrt-kra'on, n. a metallic handle for
holding a crayon. [L. porta, to carry. Crayon.]
porter, port'er, n. , one who carries burdens for hire :
a dark-brown malt liquorso called because first
used by the London porters.
porterage, pflrt'er-aj, . charge made by a Porter.
portfolio, port-fO'li-0 or pOrt-foTyO, ., a case for
carrying or keeping leaves, loose papers, draw
ings, &c. : in France, the office of a minister of
state. [L. Porto, to carry, and folium, a leaf.]
portly, pCrtli, adj. having a dignified port or mien ;
corpulent.n. portliness, state ofbeingportly.
portmanteau. pOrt-man'tfl, n. lit. a cloak-carrier; a
bag for carrying apparel, &c. on journeys. [Fr.
Porter, to carry, matitcau, a cloak, mantle.]
Portend, por-tend', v.t. lit. to stretch forth ; to in
dicate the future by signs ; to betoken :Pr.p.
portend'ing; Pa.p. portend'ed. [L. portendo,
Portentuspro, forth, and tendo, to stretch.]
portent, por-tcnt', ., that which portends or fore-
shews ; an evil omen.
portentous, por-tcnt'us, adj., serving to portend;
foreshadowing ill.adv. portent ously.
Porter, a carrier, Portfolio. Sec under Port, to
carry.
Porter, a gate-keeper, Porthole, Portico. See under
Port, a gate.
Portion, pOr'shun, ., that which is shared or im
parted: apart; an allotment; dividend ; the part
of an estate descending to an heir ; a wife's for
tune.v.t., to divide into portions; to allot a
share ; to furnish with a portion :~Pr.p. por
tioning ; Pa.p. poVtioned. [L. portio, portion4*t
akin to pars, a part, and Gr. porO, to share.]
portioned, poVshund, adj., having a portion or en
dowment.
portloner, poVshun-er, n., one who Portions or
assigns shares.
portlonlst, poVshun-ist, n. one who has an academ
ical allowance or portion: the incumbent of a
benefice which has more than one rector or vicar.
portionless, pOr'shun-Ics, adj., having no portion,
dowry, or property.
Portly, Portmanteau. See under Port, to carry.
Portrait. See under Portray.
Portray, pflr-tra', v.t. lit. to drawforth; to paint or
draw the likeness of: to describe in words:
Pr.p. pOrtray'ing ; Pa.p. portrayed'. . por
tray'er. [Fr. Portraire ; L. protrako, protrac-
tumpro, forth, and traho, to draw.]
portrait, poVtrat, n., that which is portrayed; the
likeness of a person : description in words.
portraiture, portrat-Qr, n. the drawing ofportraits,
or describing in words.
Pose, pflr, v.t. orig. to put a question in order to
puzzle; to puzzle; to bring to a stand:pr.p.
poVing ; P<*P' pOscd'. [Fr. Poser; L. pono,
positus, to put or place.]
mOtc ; mute; mfjOn; Men.
 poser
poser, pOz'er, one who or that 'which Poses; a
puzzle.
position, po-zish'un, state or manner <?/* Afire^
placed; attitude ; state of affairs ; situation : the
ground taken in argument or a dispute ; prin
ciple laid down : place in society.
posture, poz'it-iv, adj. definitely placed or laid
doivn ; clearly expressed ; actual; not admitting
any doubt or qualification ; decisive : settled by
arbitrary appointment ; dogmatic ; fully assured ;
certain : in gram., noting the simple form of an
adjective : in math., to be added.., that
which is placed or laid down ; that which may
be affirmed; reality.adv. positively.re. pos't-
tlveness. [L. Positivus, from Pono.}
positivism, poz'it-iv-ism, re. a system of philosophy
originated by Comte; a French philosopher
(17981857), which, ignoring all inquiry into
causes, deals only with positives, or simply seeks
to discover the laws of phenomena.
positiviat, poz'it-iv-ist, a believer in positivism.
Possess, poz-zes', v.t. Ht. to be able to sit as master
qf\ to have or hold as an owner ; to have the
control of : to inform : to seize : to enter into and
influence 'Pr.p. possessing ; Pa.p. possessed'.
[L. possideo, possessumpotis, able (akin to Sans.
Patt, master), and sedeo, to sit. See Session.]
possession, poz-zesh'un, ., act ofpossessing: the
thing possessed ; property : state of being pos
sessed, as by an evil spirit.
possessive, poz-zesiv, adj., pertaining to or denot
ing possession.adv. poisew'lvely.
possessor, poz-zes'or, n., one whopossesses; owner ;
proprietor; occupant.
possessory, poz-zes'or-i, adj., relating to aPossessor
orpossession ; having possession.
Posset, pos'et, ., milk curdled with wine or add.
[W. posel, curdled milk;pos, to gather.]
Possible, pos'i-bl, adj. lit. that is able to be or hap
pen ; that may be done : not contrary to the
nature of things.adv. poss ibly. [L. possibilis
possum, to be ablefotis, able, and esse, to be.]
possibility, pos-i-bili-ti, n., state of beingpossible :
that which is possible ; a contingency.
Post, post, ., anythingfixed or placed, as a piece
of timber in the ground ; a fixed place, as a mili
tary station ; a fixed place or stage on a road :
an office : one who travels by stages, esp. carry
ing letters, &c. ; a public letter-carrier : an estab
lished system of conveying letters : a size of
writing-paper, double that of common note-paper
(so called from the water-mark, a postman's
horn).v.t. to fix on or to a post, that is, in a
public place ; to expose to public reproach : to
set or station : to put in the post-office : in
book-k., to transfer to the ledger.v.i. to travel
with post-horses, or with speed :Pr.p. pOst'ing ;
Pa.p. post'ed.adv. with post-horses ; with speed.
[A. S. post, Fr. Poste, It. postaL. posits, a post
Pos, root ofpono, positum, to place.]
postage, pOst'aj, n. money paid for conveyance of
letters, &c. by Post or mail.
postal, postal, adj., belonging to the post-office or
mail service.
post-boy, pOst'-boy, n. a boy that rides post-horses,
or who carries letters,
post-chaise, pOst'-shaz, n., a chaise or carriage with
four wheels for the conveyance of those who
travel with post-horses,
post-harte, pOst-hast', n. , haste in travelling like that
of a post.adv. with haste or speed.
pOst'-hors, ., a horse keptforposting.
fate, far; me", her; mine;
Postulate
postillion, pBs-nTyun, one who guides Post-
horses, or horses in any carriage, riding on one
of them. [Fr. postilionposte.}
postman, pOst'man, re., a post or courier : a letter*
carrier.
postmark, pDst'murk, ., the mark or stamp of a
pits/-office on a letter,
postmaster, post'mas-tcr, re., the master or manager
of a post-office : one who supplies post-horses,
post-offlee, pflst'-of-is, re., an office for receiving and
transmitting letters by post.
postpaid, pOsr/pSd, adj. Having the postage paid, as
a letter. ,
post-town, pOst'-town, re., a town in which there is
aPost-ofnct.
Post-date, pOst-dSt*. v.i., to date after the real
time. [L. post, after, and date. ]
Post-diluvial, pOst-di-lu'vi-al, Post-diluvian, adj.
being or happening after the deluge. re. Post
diluvian, one who has lived since the deluge. [L.
post, after, and diluvial, diluvtan.]
Posterior, pos-te'ri-or, adj., coming after; later;
hind or hinder.*.//, posts rion, the hinder parts
of an animal.re. posterior'ity.adv. poste'rlorly.
[L. comp. ofPosterns, coming afterPost, after.]
posterity, pos-ter'it-i, re. those coming after; suc
ceeding generations ; a race.
Postern, pOst'em, n. orig. a back door or gate ; a
small private door.adj. back; private, [old
"Fr. posfemeL. Post, after.]
Postfix, pOst'fix, . a letter, syllable, or wordfixed
to or put after another word, an affix.postfix',
v.t. to add to the end of another word. [h.pott,
after, and Fix.]
Posthumous, post'u-mus, adj. born after the death
of either parent ; published after the death of
the author.adv. poat humou-ly. [L. post/,
posturnus, superl. of posterus, coming
post, after.]
Poatil, pos til, re. orig. a note in the margin of the
Bible, so called because written after the text or
other words; a marginal note : in R. C. Church,
a homily read after the gospel. [It. f>osttHa
L. post ilia- {verba) after those (words).]
Postillion, Postman, Postmark, Postmaster. See under
Port.
Port-meridian, pOst-me-ritfi-an, adj. coming after
the sun has crossed the meridian ; in the after
noon (written P.M.). [L./r,after,and Meridian,]
Post-mortem, pOst-mor'tem, adj., after death. [L.
Post, after, mortem, accusative of mors, death.]
Post-obit, pOst-0'bit, re. a bond in which a person
receiving money binds himself to repay a larger
sum after the death of an individual from w1
he has expectations. [L. Post, after. Obit.]
Post-office. See under Post.
Postpone, pOst-pGn', v.t., to put off to an etfUr-
period; to defer; to delay:Pr.p. postponing;
Pa.p. postponed', {h. postpone, -positumpost,
after, pono, to put.]
postponement, pOst-pOn'ment, . act of putting' off
to an afier-xime ; temporary delay.
Post-prandial, pOst-pran'di-al, adj., after dinner.
[from L. post, after, and prandium, a repast.]
Postscript, pflst'skript, re. , something written after ;
a part added to a letter after the signature ; an
addition to a book after it is finished. [L. post,
after, scripturn, written, pa.p. olscribo, to write.]
Post-town. See under Post.
se, pos'tfl-lat, v.t. lit to demand: to assume
without proof '.Pr.p. postulating ; Pa-p. pos'tQ-
mote ; mute ; mOOn ; Men.
 postulatory
Ifited.n. a position assumed without proof or as
self-evident : in geom., a self-evident problem.
[I* posttiloy -atum, to demandposco, to ask
urgently.]
portulatory, pos'tQ-la-tor-i, adj. assuming or as
sumed without proof, as a postulate.
Posture, pos'tiir, the placing or position of the
body; attitude: state or condition ; disposition.
v.t. to place in a particular manner:pr.p.
pos'tOring ; /a./. pos'tOred. [Fr.L. posttura
pono, positum, to place.]
Vosy, pfl'zi, n., a verse ofpoetry ; a motto ; an in
scription on a ring : a motto sent with a bouquet ;
a bouquet, [corr. from poesy : or from Fr, pen-
sir, a thought.]
Pot, pot, n. a metallic vessel for various purposes,
esp. cooking ; a drinking vessel ; an earthen vessel
for plants; the quantity in a pot.v.t. to pre
serve in pots; to put in pots :pr.p. pott'ing ;
pa.p. potted [Fr. pot, Gael, pott. Ice. pottr.)
potash, potash, . lit. pot ashes ; a powerful alkali,
obtained from the ashes of plants.
pot-herb, pot'-herb, or -erb, ., an kerb or veget
able used in cooking.
pot-book, pot'-hook, n., a hook on which pots are
hung over the fire : a letter formed like a pot
hook ; an ill-formed or scrawled letter.
potiherd, potsherd, n., a shred or fragment ofa pot.
[Pot, A.S. scearif, a shredtceran, to divide.]
pottage, pot'aj, n. anything cooked in a pott a
thick soup of meat and vegetables.
potter, pot'er, n, one whose trade is to make pots,
or earthenware.
pottery, por/er-i, n. earthenware pots or vessels: a
place where earthenware is manufactured.
pottle, pot'l, ., a little pot: a measure of four
pints: a small basket for fruit, [dim. of Pot.]
Potable, pO'ta-bl, adj., that may be drunk ; liquid.
n. something drinkable.n. po'UblencM. [L.
Potabitispoto, to drink.]
potation, po-ta'shun, n., a drinking; a draught.
[L. potatiopoto, to drink.]
potion, pO'shun, n., a draught; a liquid medicine;
a dose. [L. potiopoto, to drink.]
Potash. See under Pot.
Potation. See under Potable.
Potato, po-ta'to, n. one of the tubers of a plant
almost universally cultivated for food ; the plant
itself :pl. pota'toes. [Sp. patata, S. American,
papa : but Wedgwood thinks it took the original
name of the beet, Sp. batala, sweet potato.]
Potent, pO'tent, adj., being able ; strong ; powerful :
having great authority or influence.adv. po'-
tently.. potency. [L. potens, potentis, being
able, pr.p. ofpossepotis, able, esse, to be.]
potentate, pO'ten-tat; n., one who is potent; a
prince ; a sovereign. [Fr. potentatlow L.
potentatus, pa.p. ofpotcnta, to exercise power.]
potential, po-ten'shal, adj., powerful, efficacious:
existing m possibility, not in reality : in gram.,
expressing power, possibility, liberty, or obliga
tion.adv. poten'tlally.n, potentiality.
Pother, po/A'er, n. lit. powder or dust ; a cloud of
dust: bustle; confusion. v.t. to puzzle, as if
in a cloud ofdust: to perplex; to tease.v.i. to
make a pother :Pr.p. pothering ; Pa.p. poth'-
ercd [ong. written pudder, prob. from Yx.poudre,
dust. See Powder.]
Potion. Sec under Potable.
Potsherd, Pottage, Potter, &c. See under Pot.
ftte, fir ; me, her ; mine ;
Powder
Poach, pouch, ., a poke, pocket, or bag; the bag
or sac of an animal.v.t. to put into a pouch:
Pr.p. pouch'ing; Pa.p. pouched'. [Fr. Pocke%
A.S. /oca, a bag, a pocket.]
Poult, pfilt, n.t a little ken orJowl, a chicken. [Fr.
Poulet, dim. of poule, hen, fowlL. putlus, the
young of any animal.]
poulterer, pOlt'er-er, one who deals infowls.
poultry, polt'ri, n. domestic fowls.
Poultice, pdTtis, n. lit porridge; a soft composition
of meal, bran, &c. applied to sores.v.t. to dress
with a poultice :pr.p. poul'ticing ; Pa.p. poul'-
ticed. [ L. puis, pultis, Gr. pottos, porridge.]
Poultry. See under Poult.
Pounce, pouns, ., the claw or talon of a bird of
prey. v.i. to fall and seize with the claws ; to
fall suddenly '.pr.p. pounc'ing ; Pa.p. pounced'.
[Norm, ponce, handL. pugnus, fisL]
Pounce, pouns, n. a fine powder for preparing a
surface for writing on, orig. powdered pumice-
stone ; coloured powder sprinkled over holes
pricked in paper as a pattern.v.t. to sprinkle
with pounce, as paper ora pattern '.Pr.p. pounc'
ing : Pa-P> pounced'. [Fr. ponce, pumiceL.
pumex, pumicis. See Pumice.}Pounce -box, a
box with a perforated lid for sprinkling pounce.
Pounce, pouns, v.t., to prick with a sharp instru
ment ; to stamp holes in for ornament \~pr\4.
pounc'ing ; pa.p. pounced'. [Port, puncar, Sp.
Punzar, to prickh. P*tngo, punctum, to prick.]
Found, pound, n., a weight of 12 oz. troy, or 16 ox.
avoir. ; a sovereign or 20s. represented by a
note : in B., = about 4. [A.S. pund, L. pondo,
weight, akin to pondus, a weightpendo, to
hang, to weigh.]
poundage, pound'aj, n. a charge made for eachpound.
pounder, pound'er, n. he or that which has so many
pounds.
Pound, pound, v.t., to shut up or confine, as krayed
animals:pr.p. pound'ing ; pa.p. pound'ed
n. an inclosure in which strayed animals are con
fined. [A.S.pund, inclosurePyndan, to shut in.]
poundage, pound'uj, ., a charge made for pound-
ing stray cattle.
Pound, pound, v.t., to beat, to bruise ; to bray with
a pestle :/>*./. pound'ing ; Pa.p. pound'ed.
[A.S. punian, to beat.]
pounder, pound'er, n., that which pounds, a pestle.
Pour, pox, v.t., to cause to flow; to throw with
force ; to send forth : to give vent to ; to utter.
v.i. to flow; to issue forth; to rush :pr.p.
pour'ing ; pa.p. poured'. [W. bwrw, to throw.]
Pourtray, same as Portray.
Pout, pout, v.i., to put or push out the lips, in con
tempt, or displeasure ; to look gloomy : to hang
or be prominent '.pr.p. pour'ing ; pa.p. pout'ed.
n. a fit of sullenness. [Fr. bouter, to push out;
bonder, to pout, akin to Butt.]
pouter, pout'er, one who pouts; a variety of
pigeon, having its breast pttshed out or inflated.
pouting, pour'ing, n. childish sullenness. [manner.
poutlngly, pout'ing-li, adv., in a pouting or sullen
Poverty, pov'er-ti, n., the state of being poor;
necessity; want: meanness ; defect. [Fr. pauv-
rete^L. paupertaspauper, poor. See Poor.]
Powder, poVder, n., dust; any substance in fine
particles: gunpowder; hair-powder.v.t, to re
duce to powder: to sprinkle with powder: to
salt.v.t. to crumble into powder :pr.p. pow/-
mate ; mate ; mOOn ; Men. 39i
 powdered Precaution
dering ; pa.p. pow'dcred. {oXd'E.poudre ; old Fr. prance, prans, v.i. to strut about in a franking,
Poldre, puldreL. pulvis, pulveris, dust.] showy, or warlike manner; to ride showily; to
powdered, pow'derd, tuff'., reduced to powder; bound gaily, as a horse :pr.p. prancing : pa.f.
sprinkled with powder : salted. pranced'.
powdery, pow'der-i, adj., resembling or sprinkled prancing, prans'ing, adj. riding showily; springing
with powder; dusty; friable. or bounding gaily.adv. pranc'lngly.
Power, pow'er, ., rule; authority; influence: a Prank, prangk, u. a sportive action ; a trick, [com
ruler; a divinity: strength; energy; faculty pare W. pranc, a prank, prancian, to play tricks ;
of the mind : any agency ; moving force of any Sp. brincar, to frisk ; Port, brincar, to sport.]
thing: the result of the continued multiplication Prate, prat, v.i., to talk idly; to tattle; to be
of a quantity by itself any given number of loquacious.v.t. to speak without meaning:
times: in optics, magnifying strength: (obs.)a
great many. [Norm, povaire, poyareV.. Posse, J>r.p. prat'ing ; Pa.p. prSt'ed.n. trifling talk.
[Dutch,praaten, to tattle; Ger.prasselen, to talk.]
contr. ofpotesse, to be ablepotts, able (akin to prater, prat'er, ., one ivho prates or talks idly.
Sans, patt, ruler)pa, to rule, and esse, to be.]
powerful, pow'er-fool, adj., having great power; prating, n.
prat'ing, adj., tatkingidly or unmeaningly.
idle talk.adv. prat'ingly.
mighty : intense : forcible : efficacious.adv. prattle, prat'L v.i., to Prate or talk much and idly;
pow erfully.n. pow'erfulneu. to utter child's talk :pr.p. prattling ; pa.p,
powerIen, pow'cr-les, adj., withoutpower ; weak; prattled.n. empty talk. [dim. of Prate.]
impotent.adv. pow'erleialy.n. pow'erlessneu. prattler, prat'ler, n., one who prattles, as a child. '
Pox, poles, n. , pocks or little bags; pustules; an Prawn, prawn, n. a small crustacean animal like the
eruptive disease, [contr. ofpocks, pi. of Pock.] shrimp. [ f ]
Practice, prak'tis, n., a doing; the habit of doing Praxis. Sec under Practice.
anything; frequent use: performance: method:
medical treatment : exercise of any profession : a Pray, pra, v.i., to ask earnestly ; to entreat ; to peti
rule in arithmetic, [low L.praclica; Gr.praktiki tion or address God.v.t. to ask earnestly and
praktikos, fit for doingprassd, prajcd, to do.] reverently, as in worship ; to supplicate '.Pr.p.
practicable, prak'tik-abl, adj., that may be prac pra/ing; pa.p. prayed'. [Fr.prierL./rww,
tised, used, or followed ; that may be done : pass akin to Sans, prachh, to ask.]
able.adv. prac Meanly. prayer, prar, n., the act of praying; entreaty;
practicability, prak-ti-ka-bill-ti, ., state or quality the words used : solemn address to God ; a for
ofbeingpracticable. mula of worship,
practical, prak'tik-al, adj., that can beput in prac prayerful, prir'fool, adj.,fullofor given toprayer;
tice; useful ; applying knowledge to some useful prayerlesi, prarlcs, pray
devotional.adv. erfully . pray'erfulneui
end.ad-j. prac tically.. prac'ticalneu. adj., without or not using;
practUe, prak'tis, v.t., toput inpractice or do habit Prayer.~-adv. pray'erleaaly.n. pray'erlflasnen.
ually; to perform : to exercise, as a profession; praying, prl'ing, ., the act of making a prayer;
to use or exercise : to commit.v.i. to have or to a prayer made.adj. given to prayer.
form a habit ; to exercise any employment or pro Preach, prfich, v.i., to make known in the presence
fession : to try artifices :pr.p. practising ; pa.p. of or before others ; to pronounce a public dis
prac'tised. [from the noun.] course on sacred subjects.v.t. to publish in
practiaer. prak'tis-cr, ., one whopractises. religious discourses; to teach ' publicly '.pr.p.
practitioner, prak-tish'un-er, ., one who practises preach'ing ; Pa.6. preached', [old Fr. precher;
or is engaged in the exercise of any profession, It. predicareL. prwdico, -atum, to proclaim
esp. medicine or law. pra, before, dico, to make known.]
pragmatic, prag-mat'ik, pragmatical, prag-mat'ik-al, preacher, pr6ch'er, n. lit one who makes known or
adj., jitforpractice or business ; active ; taking publishes: one who preaches on religious matters,
business without invitation.adv. pragmatically. preaching, prech ing, ., the act ofpreaching; a
[Gr. pragmatihospragma, a deedprassd, to public religious discourse.
do.] Preamble, prC'am-bl, . lit. that which walks or
praxU, praks'is, n., practice ; use; an example for goes before; introduction ; preface. [L. praam'
exercise. [Gr.prassd, praxS, to do.J cuius, going beforefro*, before, ambulo, to go.]
Pmtor, Pretorlum. See Pretor, Pretorlum. Pre-audience, prf-awMi-ens, n. right of pretmms
Prairie, pra'ri, n., an extensive meadow or tract of audience or heari ng; precedence at the baramong
land, level or rolling, without trees, and covered lawyers. [L. pre, before, and audience.]
with tall coarse grass. [Fr. ; Sp. and Port. Prebend, prebend, n. the, share of the estate of &
Pruderia ; It.pra/eriaL. fralum,a. meadow.] cathedral or collegiate church allowed to a pre
bendary, [low L. prtzbcndaprabeo, to allow.]
Praise, priz, n. the expression of the price or value prebendal,
in which any person or thing is held ; commend pre-bend'al, adj., relating to a prebend*
ation : tribute ofgratitude : reason ofpraise.v.t. prebendary, preb'end-ar-i, ., an ecclesiastic who
to express estimation of; to commend ; to honour : canon.n.prebend
enjoys a ; an officiating or residentiary
prebendaryship.
Pr.p. prais'ing ; Pa.p. praised'.. prali'er. [old
Fr. preis; Port, pretz; It. prczzoL. pretium, Precarious, pre-ka'ri-us, adj. lit. obtained by Prayer
price, value, akin to Gr. priamai, to buy.] or entreaty; uncertain, because depending on
praieeworthy, praz'wur-Mi, adj., worthy ofpraise; the will of another; held by a doubtful tenure-.
commendable. . praise'worthlneM. adv. precariously.n. preca'rlousneM.
Prance. See under Prank. Precariusprecor, to pray. See Pray.]
Prank, prangk, v.t., to display or adorn showily: Precaution, pre-kaw'slmn, n., caution or care befone~.
pr.p. prank'ing; pa.p. pranked'. [Ger. frangen, hand ; a preventive measure.v.t. to warn' or
todisplay,/rar, ostentation; Dutch,./rv?/f, advise beforehand :pr.p. prccau'tioning ; pa.^m
to make a fine show, pronk, finery.] precau'iioned. [L. prar, before, and Caution.]
fate, far ; me, her ; mine ; mote ; mate ; mOOn ; Men.
393
 precautionary
precautionary, pre-kaw'shun-ar-i, adj., containing
or proceeding from precaution.
Precede, pre-sid', v.t., to go before in time, rank,
or importance \Pr.p. preefd'ing ; Pa.p. pre-
cecVed. [L. pra, before, and cedo, cessum, to go.]
precedence, pre-sed'ens, precedency, pre-sd'en-si,
n., the act ofgoing before in time ; priority : the
state of being before in rank, or the place of
honour : the foremost place in ceremony.
precedent, pre-sed'ent, adj., going before; anterior.
adv. preced'ently.
precedent, prcs'c-dent, that which has gone
before; that which may serve as an example or
rule in the future; a parallel case in the past.
precedented, pres'e-dent-ed, adj., having a prece
dent; warranted by an example.
preceding, pre-se'd'ing, adj., going before in time,
rank, &c. ; antecedent; previous; former.
precession, pre-sesh'un, ., the act ofgoing before.
Precentor, pre-sen'tor, ., he that sings before or
leads in music ; the leader of a choir ; the leader
of the psalmody in the Scotch Church.n. pre-
cen'torahlp. [L.Prce, before, cantor, a singer
cano, to sing.]
Precept, prS'sept, n. lit. that which is taken or
placed before one to be acted on ; rule of action;
a commandment; principle, or maxim: in law,
the written warrant of a magistrate. [L. Pracep-
tvmprce, before, and caput, to take.]
preceptive, pre-sep'tiv, adj., containing or giving
Precepts; directing in moral conduct ; didactic.
preceptor, pre-sep'tor, n., one who delivers precepts;
a teacher ; an instructor ; the head of a school.
preceptorial, prc-sep-tO'ri-al, adj., pertaining to a
Preceptor.
preceptory, prc-sep'tor-i, adj., giving precepts,
preceptress, prc-sep'tres,^rm. of preceptor.
Precession. See under Precede.
Precinct, prff'singkt, n. lit. that which girds or
bounds ; a territonaldistrict or division ; boundary
of a place; limit ofjurisdiction or authority. [L.
Pracinctusprtrcingoprat, before, and cingo,
cinctum, to gird about.]
Precious, presh'us, adj., ofgreat Price or worth;
costly : highly esteemed : worthless, contempt
ible (in irony): in B., valuable because of its
rarity.adv. prec'loualy n. prec'lonmesa. [Fr.
pricieux ; L. pretiosuspretium, price, akin to
Gr. priamai, to buy.]
Preclploe, presl-pis, n. orig. a falling head-fore
most ; that down which one falls head-foremost ;
a very steep place ; any steep descent. [Fr. ;
L. pracipitiumpra'ceps, headlong/nr,before,
and caput, the head.]
precipitate, prc-sip'i-tat, v.t, to throw headfore
most ; to urge with eagerness ; to hurry rashly ;
to hasten : in chem., to throw to the bottom as
a substance in solution :pr.p. precip'itiling ;
Pa.p. precip'itAted.adj., falling, flowing, or
rushing headlong: lacking deliberation ; over-
hasty: in med. ending soon in death.n. In chem.
a substance precipitated.
precipitately, pre-sip'i-tat-H, adv., in a Precipitate
manner; headlong.
preclpitable, pre-sip'i-tabl, adj. in chem., that may
beprecipitated. n. precipltabil'ity.
precipitation, pre-sip-i-ta shun, n., act ofprecipitat
ing; great hurry ; rash haste ; rapid movement
precipitant, pre-sip'i-tant, adj., falling headlong;
rushing down with velocity ; hasty ; unexpectedly
brought on.adv. preclpitantly.
fate, far ; mi, her ; mine ;
predestinarian
precipitance, pre-sipl-tans, precipitancy, ore-sip^
tan-si^ n., quality ofbeingprecipitate ; naste in
resolving or executing a purpose,
precipitous, pre-sip'i-tus, adj., like a precipice; very
steep: hasty; rash.adv. precipitously.. pre-
clp'itounesi.
Precis. See under Precise.
Precise, pre-sTs', adj. lit cut offinfront ; definite;
exact ; not vague : adhering too much to rule ;
excessively nice.adv. precisely. . precise'*
nan. [Fr. pricis ; L. Protcisus, pa.p. oipracido
Pro?, before, and cado, to cut.]
precis, pri-se;', n. a precise or abridged statement ;
an abstract; summary. [Fr.]
precision, pre-sizh'un, . , quality of being precise ;
exactness ; accuracy.
Preclude, pre-kloTJd', v.t. lit to shut in front; to
hinder by anticipation ; to keep back ; to pre
vent from taking place :Pr.p. preclfld'ing ; Pa.p.
preclfld'ed. [L. praclndo, -clususpra*, before,
and claudo, to shut]
preclusion, pre-klOO'zhunj ., act ofprecluding or
hindering : state of being precluded.
preclusive, prc-klOD'siv, adj., tending to precludeJ
hindering beforehand.adv. preclo'aively.
Precocious, pre-kO'shus, adj. orig. ripe before the
natural time ; having the mind developed very
early; premature; forward.adv. preco'doualy.
tts. preco'clouaneas, precoc'lty, state of being
precocious. [Fr. Pricoce; L. pracox, pracecis
Prof, before, and coquo, to ripen.]
Precognition, preVkog-nish'un, ., cognition, know
ledge, or examination beforehand : in Scots law*
an examination as to whether there is ground for
prosecution. [L. pra, before, and Cognition.]
Preconceive, prS-kon-sfiv, v.t., to conceive or form
a notion ofbeforehand. [L. prar, before, Conceive.]
preconception, pre*-kon-scp'shun, n., act ofprecon
ceiving: previous opinion.
Preconcert, prc'-kon-sert', v.t., to concert or settle)
beforehand. [L. pra, before, and Concert.]
Precursor, pre-kur'sor, ., a forerunner; one who
or that which indicates approach. [L.fra, be
fore, and curro, to run, akin to Sans, cn, to go.]
precursory, pre-kur'sor-i, adj., forerunning; indi
cating something to follow.
Predaceous, pre-da'shus, adj., living by Prey ; pre
datory. [It predaceL. prada, booty, prey.]
predal, prc'dal, adj., pertainingtoprey; plundering.
predatory, pred'a-tor-i orpre"da-tor-i, adj., plunder
ing; characterised by plundering ; hungry ; rav
enous.adv. pred'atorlly. [L. prardatortus.]
Predecease, prS-dc-seY, ., decease or death before
something else.v.t. to die before. [L. Prar,
before, and Decease.]
Predecessor, pr5-de-ses'or, ., one who has Preceded
another in any office. [L. Pra, before, and
decess&r-de, away, and cedo, cessum, to go.]
Predestine, pre-des'tin, v.t., to destine or decree
beforehand ; to foreordain '.Pr.p. predes'tining r
Pa.p. predes'tined. [L. Pro*, before, and Destine.]
predestinate, pre-des'tin-at, v.t., to determine before
hand; to preordain by an unchangeable purpose :
Pr.p. predes'tiniting ; pa.p. predcs'tinfited.
predestination, pre-des-tm-i'shun, ., act ofpredes
tinating: in theol., an eternal decree of God.
predeattnator, pre-des'tin-i-tor, ., one who predes
tinates or foreordains ; a predestinarian.
predestinarian, pr-des-tin-a'ri-an, adj., pertaining
topredestination.n. one who holds the doctrine
of predestination.
mOte; mate; mCRJn; Men.
393
 Predetermine prejudice
Predetermine, pre^de-ter'min, v.t. and L, to deter Seed. [Fr. preface; L. prafatioprmfor, pro*
mine beforehand. [L. Pra, before, Determine.] fatuspra, before, andfor, to speak.]
predetermtnate, pre-dc-ter'min-ilt, adj., determined prefatory, pref'a-tor-i, odj.'pertaining to aprefaceI
beforehand,ft. predetermination. introductory.adv. prefatorily.
Predial, pre di-al, adj. lit. pertaining to an estate; Prefect, prSTekt, n., one placed in authority over
consisting of land or farms ; growing from land. othersf a commander ; a governor, esp. of a pro
[Fr. priiiialL. pradium, an estate, akin to vince in France.ns. pre fecture, pre'fectablp, his
pras, pradis, a surety.] office or jurisdiction. [Fr. prifet, L.prarfectus
Predicable, Predicament. See under Predicate. prajiciopra, over, andfacto, to make, to place.]
Predicate, predi-kfit, v.t, lit. to cry before or in Prefer, pre-fer', v.t. lit. to take before; to offer,
the presence of others ; to affirm one thing of present, or address : to place in advance ; to pro
another :~~pr.p. predicating ; Pa.p. predicated. mote ; to exalt ; to regard or holdin higher estima
. in logic and gram., that which is stated tion ; to esteem above another ; to choose or
select :pr.p. preferring ; pa.p. preferred'. [I*
of the subject. [L. pradico, -atumpra, before, prreferrepra,
and dico, to proclaim.] before, anaftrv,ferre, to bear.]
predication, pred-i-ka'shun, n., act ofpredicating; preferable, pref'cr-abl, adj., worthy to bepreferred
assertion. or chosen ; more desirable, or excellent ; of better
predicative, predi-kat-iv, adj., expressing predica quality.adv. preferably.. preferableness.
tion or affirmation. preference, pref'er-ens, n., the act ofpreferring;
predicate, pred'i-kabl, adj., that may bepredicated estimation above another ; the state of being pre
or affirmed of something ; attributable.n. any ferred : that which is preferred; choice.adj.
thing that can be predicated.. predicabil Ity, preferential, pref-er-en'shal, having a preference.
quality ofbeing predicable. preferment, pre-fer'ment, the act ofpreferring;
predicament, pre-dik'a-ment, n. in logic, one of the the state of being advanced ; advancement to a
classes or categories which include all Predic- higher position ; promotion ; superior place.
ables: condition ; an unfortunate or trying posi- Prefigure, pre-figilr, v.t., to figure beforehand; to
tion. [low L. prvdicamentum.] suggest by antecedent representation, orby types.
Predict, pre-dikt', v.t., to declare or tell beforehand; ns. preflg orement, preflgnra'tlon. [L, pra,
to prophesy :pr.p. predicting ; pa.p. predict'ed. before, and Figure.]
[L. pra, before, ana dico, dictum, to say.] prefigurative, pre-fig'u-ra-tiv, adj., shewing by pre-
prediction, pre-dik'shun, ., act ofpredicting: that viottsfigures, types, or similitudes.
which is predicted or foretold ; prophecy. Pretx, pre-fiks', v.t., tofix or put before, or at the
predictive, pre-dikt'iv, adj.,foretelling; prophetic. beginning. [L. prte, before, and Fix, j
Predilection, pre-di-lek'shun, n.t a choosing or de prefix, prS'nks, n. a letter, syllable, or word fixed
lighting in beforehand; favourable preposses or put at the beginning of another word.
sion of mind ; partiality. [L. pra, before, and Pregnant, preg'nant, adj. lit bringingforth; with
diligo, dilecturn, to lovedis, apart, and lego, to child or young ; fruitful : abounding with results :
choose.]
Prediipoie, prc-dls-pOz', v.t., to dispose or incline full of significance ; implying more than is actu
ally expressed ; full of promise.adv. preg
before/tand. [L. pra, before, and Dispose.]
predisposition, pre-dis-po-zish'unf state ofbeing Pragigno,[L.topragnans,
nantly. -antis, contr. of pr.p. of
bring forthpra, forth, anagigno,
Predisposed or previously inclined. root gen, to beget or bear.]
Predominate, pre-dom'in-at, v.t., to dominate or pregnancy, pregiian-st, n., state ofbeingpregnant
rule over.v.i. to be dominant over; to surpass or with young ; fertility ; unusual capacity.
in strength or authority ; to prevail. [L. pra, Prehenalble, pre-hen'si-bl, adj., that may be seized
over, and Dominate.] or taken in the hand. [L. prehendo, prehensnm,
predominant, pre-dom'in-ant, adj., predominating; to seize, from pra, intensive, and obs. kendo,
ruling ; ascendant.adv. predominantly. to by hold of.] Sec Hand.
predominance, pre-domin-ans, predominancy, pre- prehensile,
dom'in-an-si, ., condition ofbeingpredominant; adapted forpre-hen'sil, adj. , seising; grasping ;
seizing or holding.
superiority ; ascendency. prehension, pre-hen'shun, n., a seising or taking
Pre-eminent, pre-erai-nent, adj., eminent above hold. [L. prchensio, prehensionis.]
others ; prominent among the eminent. adv. pre- Prehistoric, pre-his-tor'ik, adj. relating to a time
em'inently, [L. Pro*, before, and Eminent.] before that treated of in history, [L. pro, be
pre-eminence, pre-emi-nens, ., state of being pre fore, and historic.]
eminent ; superiority in excellence. Prejndge, prc-juj', v.t., tojudge or decide upon be
Pre-emption, pre-em'shun, n. right of Purchasing fore hearing the whole case ; to condemn unheard.
before others. [L. pro; before, and emptio, a n. prejudgment. [L. pra, before, and Judge.]
buyingemo, emptum, to buy.] prejudicate, pre-j'Co'di-kat, v.t., to judge before
Pre engage. pre"-cn-gaj', v.t., to engage beforehand, hand; to prejudge.v.i. to decide without ex
n. pre-engage ment. [L. pra, before, Eng.ige. ] amination:/^, prejfl'dicating ; pa.p. preja'di-
Pre-establish, pre-cs-tab'lish, v.t., to establish before cated.n. prejud ication. [L. prajudico, -atsun
hand.n, pre-establishment. [L. pra, before, pra, before, andjttdt'co, to judge.]
Establish.] prejudlcative, pre-jo"0di-k3t-iv, adj., forming a
Pre-exiet, pre-egz-ist', v.i., to exist beforehand.n. judgment or opinion beforehand.
pre-exist'ence. [L. pro-, before, Exist.] prejudice, prej'u-dis, n. lit. a judgment or opinion
pre-exietent, pr6-egz-ist'ent, adj., existent or exist formed beforehand or without due examination;
ing beforehand. a prejudgment : unreasonable prepossession for
Preface, pref as or -as, n., somethingspoken before; or against anything ; bias : injury or wrong of
the introduction to a book, &c.v.t. to introduce any kind; disadvantage; mischief.v.t. to 611
with a preface xpr.p. prefacing ; Pa.p. pref - with prejudice ; to prepossess ; to bias the mind
fate, far ; me, her ; mine ; mute ; mute; mOOn; Men.
394
 prejudicial
of; to injure or hurt:Pr.p. prejudicing; /a./.
prejudiced. [L. pratjudiciumprajudico.]
prejudicial, prcj-fl-dish'al, adj. lit. resultingfront
prejudice i disadvantageous; injurious; mis
chievous; tending to obstruct.adv. prejndi'daily.
Prllate, prel'ut, n. lit, one placed before or over
others; a superior clergyman having authority
, over others, as a bishop ; a church dignitary.
ft. prel'ateshlp. [low L. prelatusprafero, to
place beforePra, bcforz,fero, to bear, to place.]
vlacy, prcl'a-si, the office ofaprelate; the order
of bishops or the bishops collectively ; episcopacy,
viatic, pre-lat'ik, prelatlcal, pre-lat'ik-al, adj., per
taining toprelates orprelacy.adv. prelat ically.
" ', preVat-ist, ., an upholder ofprelacy.
;-lekf, v.i., to read before or in prcs-
f others ; to read a discourse ; to lecture :
Pr.p. prelecting; Pa.p. prelect'ed. [L. prat-
legoprat, before, and lego, ledum, to reaa.]
prelection, pre-lek'shun, n., a lecture or discourse
read to others,
prelector, pre-lek'tor, n.t one who prelects; a lec
turer.
Preliminary, pre-linVin-ar-i, adj. lit. before the thres
hold; introductory ; preparatory ; preceding the
main discourse or business.n. that which pre
cedes ; introduction.adv. preUm'tnarlly. [L.
prat, before, and limmaris, relating to a thresh-
oldlimen, liminis, a threshold.]
Prelude, prel'Qd, n. lit. anythingplayed beforehand;
a short piece of music before a longer piece ; a
preface : a forerunner, [low L. praindium
prtr, before, and ludus, play.]
prelude, pre-l(30d', v.t. to play before : to precede,
as an introduction '.pr.p. prelud'ing ; pa.p.
preluded.
prilniiTi.prc-lOO'siv, adj., ofl/tenatureofaprelude;
introductory.
Premature. prem'a-tQr or prej-ma-tuV, adj. , mature
before the proper time ; happening before the
proper time; unauthenticated.adv. prematurely.
n. prem'atureness. [L. pro?, before, Mature.]
Premeditate, pre-mcd'i-tat, v.t., to meditate upon
beforehand; to design previously.v.i. to deli
berate beforehand. n. premedita tion. [L.. prat,
; prem'yer, or prem', adj., prime or first ;
chief: in her., most ancient.n. the first or chief;
the prime minister.n. premiership. [Fr. ; L.
primarius, of the first rankprimus, first.]
Premise, pre-mlr', v.t., to send or state before the
rest ; to make an introduction ; to lay down pro
positions for subsequent reasonings :Pr.p. pre
mising ; Pa.p. premised'. [L. pratmitto, prat-
missumprat, before, and mitto, to send.]
premise, prem'is, ., that which ispremised; a pro
position antecedently supposed or proved for after
reasoning: in logic, one of the two propositions
in a syllogism from which the conclusion is
drawn
J*d :: the
in pi.,thing set forthandin itstheadjuncts.
a building beginning of
, prem is, n. a form of Premise.
pr'mi-um, n. lit. that which is taken
beyond or above others ; orig. profit, booty ; a
reward or recompense ; a prize ; a bounty : a
payment for a loan, &c. ; payment made for
insurance ; the difference in value above the
original price or par of stock (opposed to dis
count) : any reward or incentive. [L. pratmium
prat, above, and erne, to take, to buy.]
Premonlah, pre-mon'ish, to admonish or warn
fite, far ; me, her ; mine ;
Preposterous
beforehand.n. premoni tion. [L. pramoneo,
pramonitumprat, before, and moneo, to warn ]
-emnnltlvA nrc.mnn'it.iu
premonltive, pre-mon'it-iv,
or-i, adj., giving warning, or
hand.cdv. premon'itorily.
premonitor, prc-mon'it-or, n., one who or that
prentonishes or gives warning beforehand.
Preoccupy, pre-ok'u-pT, v.t., to occu/^y ox take pos
session of beforehand; to occupy beforehand or
by prejudices.. preoccupa tion. \\,.prat, before,
and Occupy.]
preoccupancy, pre-ok'Q-pan-si, the act or the
right ofoccupying beforehand.
Preordain, pri-or-dan', v.t., to ordain, appoint, or
determine beforehand.n. preordination, [L.
Prat, before, and Ordain.]
Prepaid. See under Prepay.
Prepare, pre-paV, v.t., to make ready beforehand;
to fit for any purpose ; to make ready for use ; to
adapt ; to form ; to set or appoint ; to provide ;
to equip :pr.p. prepaying ; pa.p. prepared'..
prepar er. [L. pratfaro/r<r, before, and Paro,
to make ready.]
preparation, prep-ar-a'shun, the act ofprepar
ing; previous arrangement; the state of being
prepared or ready ; that which is prepared or
made ready : in anat.f a part of any animal body
preserved as a specimen : in med., any sub
stance for immediate use. [L. prwparatio.}
preparative, prc-par'a-tiv, adj. , having the poweroj
preparing or making ready ; fitting for anything.
n. that which prepares; preparation.adv. pre-
par'atively.
preparatory, pre-par'a-tor-i, adj., preparing for;
previous ; introductory ; preparative.
prepared, pre-pSrd', adj., made ready; ready.
adv. prepar'edly. n. preparednets.
Prepay, pre-pa', v.t.,topaybeforehand or in advance.
w. prepay ment. [L. prat, and Pay.]
prepaid, pre-pad', adj., paid beforehand.
Prepense, pre-pens', adj., weighed or considered
beforehand ; premeditated.adv. prepeasely.
[L. prat, before, and pernio, pensum, to weigh.]
Preponderate, pre-pon'der-at, v.t., to be more pon
derous or ofgreater weight ; to outweigh : to
incline to one side ; to exceed in power or influ
ence xpr.p. preponderating ; pa.p. prepon'der
ated.n. prepondera tion. [L, prte, before, and
Pondero, -atum, to weigh, fromfondus, a weight.]
preponderant, pre-pon'dcr-ant, adj., outweighing;
superior in weight, power, or influence.adv.
preponderantly.n. prepon derance.
Preposition, prcp-o-rish'un, ., aputting before, that
which is put before; a word or part of speech ex
pressing the relation between objects and govern
ing a case.adj. preposi'tional.adv. preposl tlon-
ally. [L. pratpositioprat, before, andpone, posi-
turn, to place or put.]
Prepossess, prC-poz-res', v.t. lit to take possession
of or have beforehand; to preoccupy, as the
mind; to bias or prejudice. [L. prat, before.
Possess.]
prepossessing, pre'-por-zes'ing, adj., tending to pre
possess in one's favour ; giving a favourable im
pression.adv. prepossessingly.
prepossession, prff-poz-zesh'un, n., previous posses
sion : preconceived opinion or impression.
Preposterous, pre-pos'ter-us, adj. lit. having that
first which ought to be last: contrary to nature
or reason; wrong ; absurd ; foolish.adv. prepos
terously.n. prepos terousness. [L. pra-posterus
Prw, before, posterus, alterpost, after.]
mOte ; mate ; moTJn ; then.
 Prerogative pressfat
Prerogative, pre-rog'a-tiv, n. lit. privilege ofvoting present, pre-zent', v.t., to set before, to introduce:
first, or before others : an exclusive or peculiar to exhibit to view ; to offer : to put into the pos- *
privilege. [L. prvtrogativus, that is asked before session ofanother; to make a gift of: to appoint
others for his opinion or votePrat, before, rogo, to a benefice : to lay before for consideration :
-aturn, to ask.] to point, as a gun before firing 'pf-P- present
Presage, pre-saj', v.t. lit. to perceive beforehand; ing ; Pa.p. presenr/ed.adj. presentable.n.
to forebode : to indicate something to come ; to present'er. [L. prcesentoprasens.]
predict \pr.p. presag'ing ; Pa.p. presaged'.n. present, prez'ent, n., that which is presented or
presag'er. [Fr. prrsagerL. prasagiopra, given, a gift.
before, sagio, to perceive quickly.] presentation,prez-en-ta'shun, n., actofpresenting;n
presage, pres Hj, n., some/hingperceivedbejbrehand: setting : representation : the right of presenting;
something that indicates a future event. [L. a clergyman. [L. pra:senlafio.]
Preesagiumprasagio.] pretentee, prez'en-t^ n., one who is presented to a
benefice.
Presbyter, prez'bi-tfcr, n. orig. one older having presentment,
authority in the church ; in the Eng. Church, the thing presented pre-zent'ment, n., act ofpresenting;
one of the second order of the ministry ; a mem or represented : in law, notice
ber of a presbytery. [L.Gr. presbyteros, comp. tion taken ofan offence by a grand jury from observa
ofPresbys, old.] ; accusation presented by a grand jury.
Presbyterian, prez-bi-te'ri-an, Fresbyterial, prez-bi- Presentiment, pre-sen'ti-ment, a sentiment or
ti'ri-at, adj., pertaining to or consisting of perceiving beforehand; previous opinion : a con
presbyters ; pertaining to Presbytery or CaTvin- viction ofsomething unpleasant to happen* [L.
Prte, before, and Bentlment.]
lStic government.n. Presbyte'rian, one of a sect Presently.
of Christians belonging to a church governed Presentment.SeeSee under pres ent.
under present'.
by presbyteries ; a Calvinist.
PreibyUriaidim,prez-bi-te'ri-an-izTnf.f thedoctrines Preserve, pre-zerv7, v. /., to drag away from before
or form of church-government ofPresbyterians. an enemy, to rescue; to keep from injury; to
Presbytery, prez'bi-tcr-i, n. orig. a council ofpres defend : to keep in a sound state ; to season for
byters or elders ; a church-court consisting of the preservation : to keep up, as appearances :pr.f.
ministers and ruling elders within a certain dis preserving ; Pa.p. preserved'.n. that which is
trict : in arch. , that part of the church reserved preserved, as fruit, &c. ; a place for the protec
for the officiating priests. tion of animals, as game, &c.~n. preserv er. [L.
Prescient, prc'shi-cnt, adj., knowing things before Pncscrvopra, before, servo, to preserveGr.
erud, to drag, rescue.]
hand, [L. prasciens, -entis, pr.p. offrascio, to preservation,
foreknowprtz, before, scio, to know.] prez-er-vfi'shun, ., act ofpreserving:
prescience, pr'shi-ens, ., knowledge of events preservative,state of being preserved.
beforehand ; foresight. [L. prcescientia.} pre-zen/a-tiv, preservatory, pre-zeiVa-
Prescribe, pre-skrTb', v.t. lit. to write what is to be tor-i, adj. , tendingtopreserve ; having the quality
laid before another ; to lay down for direction : of preserving.n. that which preserves; a pre
ventive of injury or decay.
to appoint: in med., to give directions for, as
a remedy 'Pr.p. prescrlb uig ; pa.p. prescribed'. Preside, pre-zld', v.i. lit. to sit before others; to
. prescrlb'er. [L. prascribo, -scriptumprce, govern ; toauthority
have the over others ; to direct or
superintend '.Pr.p. presld'ing ; pa.f.
before, scribo, to write.] presld'ed. [L. prasidopra, before, sedeo, to sit]
prescript, prC'skript, ., something Prescribed; president, prcz'i-dent, ., one whopresides over a
direction ; model prescribed. meeting : a chairman : the chief officer of a col
prescrlptlble, pre-skript'i-bl, adj., that may bePre lege, institution &c. : an officer elected to the
scribedfor.n. preecriptibil'ity. supreme executive of a province or nation.n.
prescription, pre-skrip'shun, ., act ofprescribing presidentship. [Fr.L. prexsidens, -entis, pr.p.
or directing : in med., a written direction of reme ofprasideo.]
dies ; a recipe : in law, custom continued until presidency, prcrl-den-si, the office of a presi
it has the force of law. [Vr.h. prascriptio.]
prescriptive, pre-skript'iv, adj. consisting in or dent, or his dignity, term of office, jurisdiction,
or residence.
acquired by custom or immemorial use. presidential, prez-i-den'shal, adj., presiding over ;
Presence, prez'ens, k., state ofbeing present ; situ pertaining to a president.
ation within sight, &c. ; approach face to face : Presignily, prc-sig^ii-fT, v.t. to signify beforehand.
the person of a superior ; the persons assembled [L. prar, before, and Signify.]
before a great person : mien ; personal appear Press, pres, v.t., to squeeze or crush strongly; to
ance : calmness, readiness, as of mind. [Fr. ; hug: to drive with violence: to bear heavily
L. presamtiapr&sens. See present, under.]
presence-chamber, prez'ens-cham-ber, the cham on ; to distress : to urge ; to inculcate with ear
ber or room in which a great personage receives nestness.v.i. to exert pressure ; to push with
force ; to crowd ; to go forward with violence : to
company. urge with vehemence and importunity ; to
present, present, adj., being before or near; being exert a strong influence '.Pr.p.
in a certain place : now under view or consider press'ing ; pa.p.
ation : being at this time ; not past or future ; Premo, pressum, to squeeze,presser,
pressed'.. press er. [Fr.
press.]
L. prcsso
ready at hand ; attentive ; not absent minded : press,
in gram., denoting time just now, or making a a printing-machine : the art or business ofbodies
pres, n. an instrument for squeezing :
general statement, . present time. [L. prae- print
sens, -entis, being before, pr.p. ofpraesscpne, ing and publishing ; the literature of a country,
before, esse, to be.]At present, at the present esp. newspapers : actof urging forward ; urgency :
time, now. a crowd : a closet for holding articles.
presently, prez'ent-li, adv. orig. at present, now : preiafat, pres'fat, n. in B., the vat of an olive or
without delay ; after a little. wine-/rx for collecting the liquor.
flUe, far ; m, her ; mine ; mOtc ; mute ; mOOn ; then.
396
 pressing Previous
pressing, pres'ing, adj. urgent ; importunate ; forc isnalural; extraordinary.adv. preternat'uraUf.
ible.adv. press'lngly. [L. prater, beyond, and natural.]
pressure, presh'Qr,.( act ofpressing; a squeezing : Preterperfect, pr6-ter-pcr'fckt( adj., more than per
the state of being pressed ; impulse : that which fect or completed ; denoting the perfect tense.
presses or afflicts ; difficulties ; urgency : in [L. prater, more than, and Perfect.]
physics, opposing force, [old Fr.L. pressura Preterpluperfect, pre*-ter-plo"0'per-fekt. adj., beyond
prrmo.] more than perfect; denoting trie pluperfect
Press, pres. v.t. orig. to engage men by prest or tense. [L. prater, beyond, and Pluperfect.]
earnest money for the public service ; to carry Pretext, prc-tekst', or prfi*, n. a motive or reason
men off by violence to become soldiers or sailors : woven or devised and put before the real reason
Pr.p. press'ing; pa.p. pressed'. [Cot prestIt. in order to conceal it; a pretence. [L. prmtex-
presto; L. prasto, in readiness or in hand : Prest tumPratexopra, before, texo, to weave.]
or press-money, earnest-money.]
presi-gang, pres'-gang, n. , a gang or body of sailors Pretor, pretor, n. , one who goes before ; orig. the
chief magistrate of Rome, but afterwards one
under an officer empowered to impress men into ranking next to the consuls.n. pre'torshlp. [L.
the navy. prator forpraitorpra, before, eo, itum, to go.]
Prestige, pres'tij or pres'tSzh, ., illusion or decep pretorlal, pre-tu'ri-al, pretorlan, pre-tO'ri-an, adj.,
tion : influence arising from past conduct. [Fr. ; pertaining to a pretor or magistrate ; authorised
L. prastigiaillusions, jugglers' tricks.] or exercised by the pretor ; judicial.
Presume, pre-zum', v.t. lit. to take before being pretortum, pre-tO ri-um, n. the official residence of
allowed ; to take as true without examination or the Roman pretor, pro-consul, or governor in a
proof; to take for granted.v.t. to venture province : the general's tent in a camp ; the
beyond what one has ground for; to act forwardly; council of officers who attended the general and
pr.p. presuming ; Pa.p. presumed'. [L. pra- met in his tent.
sumopra, before, sumo, sumptum, to take.] Pretty, pret'i, adj., decked or adorned in a pleasing
presumable, pre-zum'a-bl, adj., that may be pre manner; beautiful without dignity ; tasteful ;
sumed.adv. preium'ably. neat : small ; affected : (in contempt) fine ; decent
preiuming, prc-zum'ing, adj. venturing without per (in irony).n. pret'tlness. [A.S. prate, Dutch,
mission ; unreasonably bold.adv. presum'ingly. Prat ; Scotch, Pretty, strong, active, well-knit ;
presumption, pre-zum'shun, n., act ofpresuming; Ger. prachtig, finepracht, splendour.]
supposition: strong probability: confidence pretty, pret'i, adv. in some degree ; moderately.
grounded on something not proved ; forward prettily, pret'i-li, adv., in a pretty manner; pleas
conduct : in law, assuming the truth of certain ingly ; elegantly ; neatly.
facts from circumstantial evidence. [L. pm- Pretypify, pre-tip'i-fl, v.t., to represent before*
rumptio.] hand in a type. [L. pra, before, and typify.]
presumptive, prc-zump'tiv, adj., presuming; Prevail, pre-viil', v.t'., to be verypowerful; to have
grounded on probable evidence : in law, proving influence or effect ; to overcome ; to gain the
circumstantially.adv. presumptively. advantage; to be in force; to succeed:/r./.
presumptuous, pre-zump'tu-us, adj., full of pre prevailing ;//. prevailed'. [L. prevaleopra,
sumption; bold and confident: founded on pre very, anaz'aleo, to be powerful.]
sumption: wilful.adv. presumptuously.n. pre- prevailing, pre-vul'ing, adj., having great power;
sump'tuousness. [L. prasumptuosus.]
Presuppose, pre-sup-poV, v.t., to suppose before prevalent, prev'al-ent,general.
efficacious : most
adj., prevailing; having
Other things; to assume.n. presupposi'tioa. [L. great power; victorious; most common.adv.
pra, before, and Suppose.] prevalently.
Pretence. See under Pretend.
Pretend, pre-tend', v.t. lit. to stretch out before t/te stale of being prevalent ; prev'al-cn-si,
prevalence, prev'al-ens, prereJeacy, .,
preponderance ;
one ; to hold out as a cloak for something else : predominance; superiority; influence; efficacy.
to oflfef something feigned : to affect to feel. Prevaricate, pre-var'i-kat, v.i. lit. to spread the
tv.i. to put in a claim pr.p. pretend'ing ; pa.p.
pretena'ed.n. pretender. [L. pratendopra, legs apart in walking; to shift about from side
to side, to evade the truth ; to quibble :pr.p.
before, tendo, tentum, tensum, to stretch.] prevaricating ; pa.p. prevaricated. [L. prog-
pretence, pretense, pre-tens', ., something pre varicor, -atuspra, very, and varico, to spread
tended; appearance or show: pretext : assump the legs apartvarus, straddling.]
tion ; claim, [low L. pratensus, for L. praten- prevarication, prfi-var-i-ka'shun, ., the act ofpre
tus, pa.p. ofpratendo.] varicating or quibbling to evade the truth.
pretension, pre-ten'shun, n., somethingpretended; prevaricator,
false or fictitious appearance : claim. prc-vari-kat-or, one who prevari
Treterlnperfect, pre-tcr-im-peVfckt, adj. lit. not cates to evade the truth ; a quibblcr.
Perfectly past ; implying that an event was hap Prevent, pre-vent', v.t. lit. and orig. to come or go
pening at a certain time. [L. prater, beyond, pa.p. before; to hinder; to obviate :fr.p. prevent ing;
and Imperfect.] prevent'ed. [L. praveniopra, before,
and venio, ventum, to come.]
Preterit, Preterite, pret'cr-It, adj., gone by; Past ; prevention,
noting the past tense.. the past tense. [L. pre-ven'shun, n. lit. a coming before: act
prateritusprater, beyond, and eo, itum, to go. ] of preventing ; anticipation: obstruction.
Pretermit, pre-ter-mir/, v.t., to permit to go past ; preventive, prc-vent'iv, adj., tending to prevent or
to omit:Pr.p. prCtermitt/tng ; pa.p. pritermitt/- hinder ; preservative.ft. that which prevents ;
ed. [L. prater, past, and mitto, to permit.] a preservative.
pretermission, pr-ter-nush'un, ., the act ofpreter Previous, pre'vi-us, adj. , on the way before ; going
before ; former, adv. previously. [Upravius
mitting; omission.
Preternatural, prC-tcr-nat'u-ral, adj., beyond what pra, before, and via, a way.]
fate, fir ; me, her ; mine ; mote ; mute ; mOOn ; Men.
397
 II

principle
, pre-wawrn', v.t., to warn beforehand. [L. prtma-donna, prfma-don-a, *. the first or leading
fra, before, and Warn.] female singer in an opera. [It, prima, L. pri
Prey, prS, n., Property, esp. flocks, taken in war; mus, first, and donna, a lady.]
plunder : that which is or may be seized to be primage, prim'aj, n. an allowance to the captain of
devoured.v.i. to plunder; to seize and devour: a vessel by the shipper or consignee of goods for
to waste or impair gradually ; to weigh heavily loading the same.
(followed by on or upon) :Pr.p. preying ; Pa.p. primary, prl'mar-i, adj., first, original; chief;
preyed'. [Fr. froze; Bret, prttz; L. prxeda, primitive.n. that which is highest in rank or
property taken in war : W. praidd, a flock.] importance.adv. pri marily.
Price, prTs, n. that at which anything is prised, primate, prl'mat, n. the first or highest dignitary
valued, or bought ; excellence : recompense. in a church ; an archbishop.. pri'inateship.
v.t. to set a value on '.pr.p. prTc'ing ; Pa.p. primacy, prfraa-si, the office or dignity ofa
priced', [old Fr.preis; Prov. pretz ; It. presto Primate or archbishop.
L. prettum, akin to Gr. Priamai, to buy.] See prime-minister, prTm-min'ts-ter, ., thefirst or chief
Prize, to set a price on. minister of state. [See Premier.] t
pricaleis, prTs'les, adj., beyond price; invaluable : prime-number, pr7m-num'ber( ., a first number,
without value ; worthless. i.e.t one divisible only by itself or unity.
Prick, prik, *., any sharp pointed instrument; a primer, prim'er, or prim', n. a first book; orig. a
puncture ; a point : remorse.v.t. to pierce with small prayer-book ; awork ofelementary religious
instruction : a first reading-book.
a prick ; to erect any pointed thing ; to fix by the priming,
point ; to put on by puncturing ; to mark or make the powder prlm'ing, . the first coating of colour:
by pricking ; to incite : to pain ipr.p. prick ing ; Primeval, prl-m'val, in the nipple of a firearm.
Pa.p. pricked'.n. pricker. [Dutch, prik, a stab ; adj., belonging to the first
Sw. prick, A.S. prica, a point ; A.S. priccian, to mus, ages ; original ; primitive, [L. prinuevus -pti-
pierce, to sting, conn, with Gael, and Scot. brog.] first, and an/mm, Gr. aion, an age.]
pricker, prik'er, ., that which pricks; a sharp- Primitive, ning, or
prim'i-tiv, adj., belonging to the begin
to the first times ; original ; ancient :
pointed instrument,
prickle, prik'L, a little Prick; a sharp point imitating the supposed gravity of old times ; anri-
growing from the bark of a plant, quated ; old-fashioned ; not derived.n. a prim
prickly, pnk'ii, adj.,Julio/prickles.*i. prtcklinera. itive word, or one not derived from another.adv.
prim itively.n. prim'itiveness. [L. primitives.)
prickly-pear, prik li-par, n. a class of plants, gener Prtmogenial,
ally covered with clusters of strong hairs or prl-mo-je'ni-al, adj., first bom or
Prickles, and bearing fruit like the pear. made ; primary ; constituent. [L. primus, first,
and getto, gemtus, to begcL] See (tonus.
Pride, prTd, n., state or feeling of being proud: primogenitor,
ornament ; splendour ; extreme self-esteem ; or father ; apri-mo-jen'i-tor, forefather.
the first begetter
haughtiness : noble self-esteem : that of which primogeniture, prT-mo-jen'i-tur,
men are proud ; that which excites boasting. bornfirst of the same parents : in state of being
v.t. to take pride; to value (followed by a re< of inheritance of the eldest born. law, the right
Ciprocal pron.):Pr.p. priding; Pa.p. prTd'ed. Primordial, pri-mordi-al, adj., first in order;
[A.S. prutian, to be proud, to walk stately ; Ice. original ; existing from the beginning.n. first
Prydi, Sw. prydning, ornament, pryda, Dan. principle or element. [L. primus, first, and orde,
pryde, to adorn.] Sec Proud. order.]
Priest. pr6st, n., a presbyter or elder; one who Primrose, prim'rflz, n. lit the first rose; an early
officiates in sacred offices : one above a deacon spring flower common in woods and meadows.
and belowa bishop ; a clergyman.-Jem. priest'ess, Prince,
[A.S. preost ; old Fr. prestre; L. presbyter.\ Placeprins, ; one
n. lit. one taking or having thefirst
of highest rank ; a sovereign ; son
See Presbyter,
priestcraft, prestTcraft, n. the craft or schemes of of men.
a king or emperor ; the chief of anybody of
[Fr. ; L. princepsprimus, first, and capio.
priests to gain wealth or power, to take.]
priesthood, prest'hood, ., the office or character of princedom, prins'dum, ., the estate, jurisdiction,
a priest i the priestly order, sovereignty, or rank ofa prince.
priestly, prest'li, adj. , pertaining to or resembling Princely, prinsli, adj., princelike; becomine; a
a priest.n. prieitliness. prince ; grand ; august ; relating to aprince; regal.
priest-ridden, presf'-rid-en, adj., ridden or con adv. in a princelike manner.. princelines*.
trolled entirely by priests.
Prim, prim, adj. exactly trimmed; precise; affect princess, prin'ses, n.,fem. of Prince.
edly nice.v.t. to deck with great nicety; to principal, prin'si-pal, adj., taking the first place;
form withttffected preciseness:pr.p. primm'ing ; ahighest principal
in character, or importance ; chief.
person or thing; a head, as of a
Pa.p. primmed'.adv. prim ly.. primness, school; one who takes
[prob. from obs. Prune, to trim, to dress : or a on which interest is paid a: inleading part: money
arcn., a main beam
contr. of primitive.] or timber : in law, the perpetrator of a crime or
Prime, prim, adj., first, in order of time, rank an abettor : in music, an organ stop.adv. prus'-
or importance; chief; excellent: original; early. dpally. [L. principalis.]
n. the beginning ; the dawn ; the spring ; principality, pnn-si-pal'i-ti, the territory of <%
the best part ; the height of perfection.v.t. to
do theJirst or preparatory act ; to put powder Prince obs., and
or the country which gives title to h^m :
in B., a prince, a power.
on the nipple of a firearm : to lay on the
first coating of colour.v.i. to serve for the principle, prin'si-pl, n. orig. a beginning or origin
charge of a gun :Pr.p. prlm'ing : Pa.p. primed'. awhich fundamental truth ; a law or doctrine from
others are derived : an original faculty ofi
[L. prirnus, super!, of Prior, former, comp. of the mind ; a settled
ob&.j>ris, akin to Gr.prin,pro, and L./r<y, before.] constituent part.v.t.ruleto establish of action : in chwne., a
in principles ;
fate, far; me", her; mine; mote; mate; mOTn; then.
 Print Problem
to impress with a doctrine :Pr.p. prin'cipUng ; or retired from company or observation : a place
pa.p. principled. [L. principiumprinceps.] of seclusion ; retreat ; retirement ; secrecy.
Print, print, v.t.. to press or impress ; to mark by privy, privi, adj.,private; pertaining to one person ;
pressure ; to impress letters on paper, &c. ; to for private uses ; secret ; appropriated to retire
publish.v.i. to practise the art of printing ; to ment ; admitted to the knowledge of something
secret.n. in law, a person having an interest
publish a book :pr.p. print'ing ; Pa.p. print'ed.
a mark or character made by impression ; intheprivate an action : a necessary house.Privy-council,
council of a sovereign to advise in the
the impression of types in general ; a copy ; an administration
engraving ; a newspaper : a printed cloth ; a member of theofprivy-council.Privywjrarse,
government.Privy-cooncUior,
t/te
calico : that which impresses its form on any
thing ; a cut, in wood or metal: in arch., a Purse or money for the private or personal use
plaster cast in low relief, [from Imprint ; old of the sovereign.Privy-eeal or signet, the seal
Dutch, printen ; Fr. imprimer, L. impripto used by or for the king in subordinate matters,
or those which are not to pass the great seal.
in, into, and premo, to press.]
printer, print'er, one w/io prints, especially privity, priVi-ti, adv.,
privily, priv'i-li, privately ; secretly.
n.t private or joint knowledge;
books, newspapers, &c. knowledge implying concurrence.in pi. secret
printing, print ing, ., act, art, or practice of parts.
printing.
Prior, prfor, adj.,former ; previous; coming before Privilege, priVi-lej, n. lit. a law in favour of a
in time.n. lit. one before others in rank or private individual; a peculiar advantage ; a
right not general ; prerogative.v.t. to grant a
authority: the head of a priory.-fern, pri'orese. privilege to ; to exempt '.pr.p. privileging ; pa.p.
[L. Prior, comp. of obs. pris. See Prime.]
prlorate, prl'or-at, priorthip, prfor-ship, ., the privileged.
and lex,
[Fr. ; Y..priviiegiumprivus, private,
legis, a law.]
government or office ofa prior.
priority, prl-ori-M, ., state of being prior or first Privet, priv'et, n. a half-evergreen European shrub-
in time, place, or rank ; preference. much used for hedges.
priory, prt'or-i, n. a convent of either sex, under a Prize, prlz, ., that which is taken or gained by
prior or prioress, and next below an abbey. competition ; anything taken from an enemy inv
Priam, priira, . lit anything sawn : in geom., a lottery war ; a captured vessel ; that which is won in a
solid whose ends are similar, equal, ana parallel ward. : [Fr.prise, anything offered for competition ; a re
from prendre, L. prendo, pre
planes, and whose sides arc parallelograms : in hendo, to seize. See
optics, a solid, glass, triangular-shaped oody. [L. prize court, prlz'-kOrt, n.Prison, j
a court for judging re
and Gr. prisma, from prize, to saw. ] garding /rzzrf made on the high seas,
prismatic, priz-mar/ik, priamatical, priz-mat'i-kal, prize-fighter,
adj., resembling or pertaining to a prism; publicly forprTz'-ftt-er, n. a boxer who fights
a prise.n. prlxe'-flghtlng.
formed by a prism.adv. priamat'lcaUy. prize-money, prlz'-mun-i, n. share of the money or
Prison, priz'n, ., a placefar those seized or appre proceeds from any prizes taken from an enemy.
hended ; a building for the confinement of crim Prize, prlz, v.t., to set a rice on; to value; tc*
inals, &c. ; a gaol: any place of confinement. value highly '.pr.p. prTz ing ; Pa.p. prized'. [Fr.
[Fr. ; L. prehensio, a seizingprehendo, 'hen- priser ; It. prezzareI* Pretium, price, value.J
sum, to seize, from obs. kendo, akin to Gr. chan-
dand, to hold, and Sans, hasta, the hand.] Probable, prob'a-bl, adj. orig. that may be proved;
prisoner, priz'n-er, ., one arrested or confined in credible, yet leaving room for doubt; Likely;
prison ; a captive. rendering probable.adv. prob'ably. [Fr. ; L.
Pristine, pris'tln, adj., as atfirst ; former; belong probabilisprobo, probatum, to proveprobus,
good, excellent. See Prove.]
ing to the beginning or earliest time ; ancient. probability,
[ L. pristinus, from obs. pris. Sec Prime.] prob-a-bil'i-ti, ., quality ofbeingprob
Privacy. See under Private. able ; appearance of truth : that wnich is prob
Private, prfvut, adj. lit. cut off'from others; apart probate, able ; chance,
from the state ; not invested with public office : court ; prO'bat. Proofof wills before the proper
peculiar to one's self: belonging to an individual tificate the official copy of a will, with the cer
person or company; not public: retired from jurisdiction of proving been
of its having proved; the right or
observation; secret; not publicly known: not probation, pro-ba'shun, .wills,
holding a commission. n. a common soldier. any proceeding to elicit truth, act orig. of graving;
adv. privately.n. pri'vstenau. (L. privatus, of trial ; moral trial : novitiate, &c. ; trial ; time
pa.p. ofprivo, to separateprivus, single.]
privateer, prl-va-ter', . an armed private vessel probations!, pro-ba'shun-al, probationary, pro-bi'-
shun-ar-i, adj., relating to probation or trial,
commissioned to seize and plunder an enemy's probationer, pro-ba'shun-er, one who is on pro*
ships.v.i. to cruise in a privateer ; to fit out pri
vateers \pr.p. privateer ing ; pa.p. privatcered'. bation orprO'ba-tiv,trial : in Scot., one licensed to preach,
privation, prT-v.Vshun, n. lit. act ofdepriving: state probative,
servingforproofor
probatory, prO'ba-tor-i, adj.,
trial ; relating to proof,
of being deprived of something, esp. of what is probe, prflb, n. an instrument for proving or ex
necessary for comfort; destitution; hardship: amining a wound, &c. ; that which tries or probes.
absence of any quality. v.t. to examine with or as with a probe; to
privative, priVa-tiv, adj., causing privation; con examine thoroughly ipr.p. probing ; pa.p.
sisting in the absence of something.n. that probed'.
which is privative or depends on the absence of Probity, pror/i-ti, n., proved goodness ; tried virtue ;
something else: in logic, a term denoting the uprightness; honesty. [L. probitasprobus.]
absence of a quality : in gram., a prefix denot Problem, problem, n. lit a question thrown or
ing absence or negation.adv. privatively.
privacy, prfva-si, or pvW, n,, state ofbeingprivate put forward ; a matter difficult of settlement or
fate, far ; me, her ; mine ; mflte ; mate ; mOon ; then.
 problematic
solution : in geom., a proposition in which some
thing is required to be done. [Gr. problima
pro, before, and baild, to throw.]
problematic, prob-lem-at'ik, problematical, prob-
lem-at'ik-al, adj., of the nature of a problem;
questionable ; doubtful. adv. problematically.
Proboscis, pro-bos'is, n. the trunk infront ofsome
animals, as the elephant, for conveying food to
the mouth. [L. proboscis, Gr. proboskis, a trunk
pro, in front of, and bosks, L. pasco, to feed.]
Proceed, pro-sed', v.L, to goforward; to advance :
to issue ; to be produced : to prosecute :pr.p.
procced'ing ;Pa.p. proceeded.n. proceed'er. [L.
procedopro, forward, and cedo, cessum, to go.]
procedure, pro-sfd'Gr, ., l/ie act of proceeding ;
progress ; process ; conduct.
proceeding, pro-sed'ing, n., a going forth orfor
ward; progress ; step : operation ; transaction.
proceed!, prO'sedz, n.pl. the money proceeding or
arising from anything ; rent ; produce.
process, pros'es, or pro', a going fomvard;
gradual progress ; operation : course of law :
series of measures : a projection in a bone.
procession, pro-sesh un, ., the act of proceeding
from ; a train of persons in a formal march.
processional, pro-scsh'un-al, adj., pertaining to a
procession ; consisting in a procession.n. a
took of the processions of the Romish Church.
Proclaim, pro-klam', v.t., to call or cry out; to
publish ; to announce officially Pr.p. proclaim'-
mg ; Pa.p. proclaimed'.n. proclaim er. [L. pro-
clamopro, out, and clamo, to cry.]
proclamation, prok-la-ma'shun, n., the act ofpro
claiming; official notice given to the public.
Proclivity, pro-khVi-ti, n., an incliningforivards ;
tendency; inclination: aptitude. [L. proclivitas
Prochvis, having a slope forwardspro, for
wards, and clivus, a slope.] See Decline.
Proconsul, pro-kon'sul, n. orig. a Roman officer
who acted instead of a consul; the governor of
a province. [L.6ro, instead of, and Consul.]
proconsular, pro-kon sQ-lar, adj., pertaining to or
under the government of a proconsul.
proconsulate, pro-kon'sO-lat, proconsulshlp, pro-kon'-
sul-ship, n., the office or term of office ofa pro
consul.
Procrastinate, pro-kras'tl-nat, r.t., to put off till
the morrow or some future time; to postpone:
pr.p. procrastinating ; Pa.p. procras tinated.
fi. procras Unator. [h. procrastine, -alumpro,
to distant time, and crastinus, of to-morrow
eras, Sans, cvas, to-morrow.]
procrastination, pro-kras-ti-na'shun, ., a Putting
off till to-morrow or a future time ; dilatorincss.
Procreate, prOlcre-at, v.t., to create or bringforth
into being ; to generate ; to propagate \pr.p.
prO'crciiting ; pa.p. prO'crcatcd. [L. pro, forth,
and Create.]
procreation, prO-kre-a'shun, n. , the act ofProcreat
ing; generation; production.
procreative, prO'krc-a-tiv( adj., having the power
to procreate; generative; productive.. pro'-
creativeness.
procreator, prOlcrc-at-or, n., one who Procreates; a
father.
Proctor, prok'tor, n. , a procurator or one who takes
care of anything for another ; a manager : an
attorney in the spiritual courts : an officer who
attends to the morals of the students and enforces
obedience to college regulations.n. proc'torship.
[contr. of procurator, j
fate, far; me, her; mine;
profane
proctorial, prok-tfl'ri-al, adj., pertaining to a proc
tor; magisterial.
Procumbent, pro-kum'bent, adj., leaningforwards;
lying down or on the face ; trailing. [L. pro,
forwards, and cumbens, -etitis, pr.p. of cumbo for
cubo, to lie down.]
Procure, pro-kur', v.t. lit. to take care of; to obtain ;
to cause : to attract :pr.p. procuring ; Pa.p.
procflrcd'. [L. procuropro, in behalf of, and
euro, -aturn, to care for.]
procurable, pro-kQr'a-bl, adj., that may beprocured.
procuration, prok-flr-a'shun, the act ofprocur-
ingor managing another's affairs ; the instrument
giving power to do this : a sum paid by incum
bents to the bishop or archdeacon on visitations.
procurator, prok'Qr-a-tor, ., one who takes care of
or attends to a thing for another : a governor of
a province under the Roman emperors.n. proc'-
uratorship.
procurement, pro-kur'ment, ., the act ofprocuring;
management ; agency.
procurer, pro-kflr'cr, . , one whoprocures ; a pimp ;
a pander.-fern, procur ess.
Prodigal, prod'i-gal, adj., driving forth or away;
wasteful : profuse.. one who throws away
from him ; a waster : a spendthrift.adv. prod
igally, wastcfully. [L.prodigusprodigo, to drive
forthpro, forth or away, and ago, to drive.]
prodigality, prod-i-gal'i-ti, n., state or auality ej
beingprodigal; extravagance: profusion.
Prodigy, prod'i-ji, n., a pointing out or skewing be
forehand; a portent: anything extraordinary;
a wonder: a monster. (X. prodigiumpro, be
forehand, and root die, akin to Gr. deik or dik,
A.S. tacan. Sans, die, to shew.]
prodigious, pro-dij'us, adj., like a Prodigy; aston
ishing; enormous; monstrous.adv. prodig'lonsly.
n. prodlg'iousnesB.
Produce, pro-dQs', v.t., to lead or bringforward;
to bear : to exhibit ; to yield : to cause : in geom.,
to extend :~Pr.p. produc'ing ; pa.p. produced.
. producer. [L. froduco, -duetun;pro, for
ward, and duco, akin to Sans, root duh, to draw
out of; Gcr. ziehen; A.S. teohhian, to draw, E.
Tow, Tug.]
produce, prod'Qs, ., that which is produced;
product; proceeds,
producible, pro-dus'i-bl, adj. , that may beproduced',
that may be generated or made ; that may be
exhibited.n. produc'lbleness.
product, prod'ukt, ., that which is produced;
work ; composition : effect : in arith., the result
of numbers multiplied together,
production, pro-duk shun, ., the act ofproducing:
that which is produced ; fruit ; product,
productive, pro-duk'tiv, adj., having the power U
produce; generative; fertile; efficient.adv.
productively.n. produc tiveness.
Proem, prO'em, ., an opening or introduction is
a thing; a prelude; a preface.adj. proe'mUL
[L. proozmium ; Gr. propimionpro, before, and
oimi, way, the strain of a song.]
Profane, pro-fan', adj. lit.forthfrom a tetntple ; un
holy ; impious ; impure : common ; secular.etdv.
profanely.n. prolane'ness. [L. profanusPre,
forth from, and fanum, a temple. See Fans.]
profane, pro-fan', v.t., to renderprofane ; to abuse
anything sacred ; to put to a wrong use : in B^
to pollute ; to debase '.Pr.p. profan'ing ; fa.f.
profaned'.n. prolan er. [L. profano, ~atittm
profanus.]
mote; mute; mOOn; then.
 profanation.
profanation, prof-a-na'shun, n.t the act ofprofan
ing; desecration ; irreverence to what is holy.
profanity, pro-fan'i-ti, n., quality ofbeingprofane ;
irreverence ; that which is profane ; profane lan
guage.
Profits, pro-fes, v.t., to declare publicly ; to own
freely ; to declare in strong terms: to announce
publicly one's skill in \pr.p. profess'ing ; Pa.p.
professed'. [L. profiteor, professumpro, pub
licly, and fateor, to confessfor,fatus,fart, to
speak. See Fate.]
profaned, pro-fesr/, adj., openly declared; avowed ;
acknowledged.adv. professedly.
profession, pro-fesh'un, n., the act of professing ;
open declaration : employment ; business : the
collective body of persons engaged in any pro
fession : entrance into a religious order.
professional, prc-fesh'un-aL, adj., pertaining to a
Profession.adv. professionally.
professor, pro-fes'or, n., one who professes', one
who publicly practises or teaches an art ; a pub
lic and authorised teacher in a university.adj.
profesao'ri&l.. professorship.
Proffer, prof'er, v.t., to bring or bearforward; to
propose ; to offer for acceptance \fr.p. proff
ering; Pa.p. proffered.n. an oner made; a
proposal.n. profferer. [L. prvferopro, for
ward, andfero, to bear.]
Proficient, pro-fish'ent, adj., before others in doing
anything; competent ; thoroughly qualified.n.
one who is progressing ; one who has made ad
vancement in anything. [L. proficiens, -entis
pro, forward, andfacto, to do, to make.]
proflclence, pro-fish'ens, proficiency, pro-ush'en-si,
n., state of being proficient; improvement in
anything.
proficiently, adv., in a proficient manner.
Profile, prO'fII, or fil, n., an outline ; a head or
portrait in a side-view ; the side-face ; the outline
of any object.v.t. to draw in profile \pr.P.
profiling; pa.p. prO'flied. [Fr.profI, It. Profile
L. pro or Per, and filum, a thread, out
line.]
Profit, profit, n. lit. a making or movingfor^vard ;
gain ; the gain resulting from the employment
of capital : advantage; benefit; improvement.
v.t. to benefit or be ofadvantage to ; to improve.
v.i. to gain advantage ; to receive profit ; to im
prove ; to be of advantage ; to bring good :pr.p.
rofiting ; Pa.p. profited. [Fr. ; It. profitto,
. profectusProficio, profectum, to go forward
fro, forwards, andfacia, to make. ]
profitable, profit-abl, adj., yielding or bringing
profit or gain ; lucrative ; productive ; advan
tageous; beneficial.adv. profitably. n. profit
ableness.
profiting, profit-ing, n., profit, gain, or advantage :
in B., progress or proficiency,
profitless, profit-les, adj., without Profit, gain, or
advantage.
Profligate-, profli-gSt, adj. lit. flung or dashed for
ward or from society ; abandoned to vice ; with
out virtue or decency; dissolute; prodigal..
one leading a profligate life ; one shamelessly
vicious.adv. profligately. [L. profiigatus,
pa.p. ofprofUgopro, zndfligo, to dash.]
profligacy, proffi-gas-i, profligateneej, profli-gat-
nes, n., the state or quality of beingprofligate;
a profligate or vicious course of life.
Profound, pro-found', adj. lit. dawn to the bottom;
deep ; far below the surface : low ; lowly : intense ;
fate, far ; me, her ; mine ;
Z
Project
obscure : abstruse ; mysterious ; occult : intellect
ually deep ; penetrating deeply into knowledge.
n. the sea or ocean. [Fr. profond, L. profun
duspro, forward, andfundus, the bottom.]
profoundly, pro-foundii, adv., deeply; with deep
knowledge or insight ; with deep concern,
profoundness, pro-found'nes, profundity, pro-fund-
it-i, ., the state or quality ofbeing profound;
depth of place, of knowledge, &c.
Profaae, pro-fuV, adj., Pouring forth abundantly ;
liberal to excess ; extravagant ; prodigal.adv.
profose'ly. [L. profusus, pa.p. oiprofundoprot
forth, andfundo, to pour. ]
profuseness, pro-fus'nes, profusion, pro-fQ'zhun, .,
state of being profuse; rich abundance; extra
vagance ; prodigality.
Progenitor, pro-gen'it-or, n., one who begets before;
a forefather ; an ancestor. [L.pro, before,
and gigno, gentium, root gen, to beget.]
progeny, proj'en-i, ., that which is broughtforth;
descendants; race; children. [L. progenies.]
Prognosis, prog-nd'sis, .,foreknowledge : in med.t
the act or art of foretelling the course ofa disease
from the symptoms ; the opinion thus formed.
[Gr.pro, before, gigndskd, root gna, to know.J
prognostic, prog-nos'tik, adj., foreknowing; fore-
shewing ; indicating what is to happen by signs
or symptoms.. that which foreshews a future
event ; a sign ; a presage. [Gr. progndstihosJ]
prognosticate, prog-nos'ti-ltat, v.t., tofortskew; to
foretell ; to indicate as future by signs '-pr.p.
prognos'ticiting ; Pa.p. prognos'ticatcd.
prognostication, prog-nos-li-kashun, n., the act oj
prognosticating or foretelling something future
oy present signs ; a foretoken or previous sign.
prognostlcator, prog-nos'ti-ka-tor, ., apredictor of
future events, esp. a weather prophet.
Programme, Program, prO'gram, n. lit. that which is
written before; a public notice in writing; an
outline of the different parts or events, in order,
of any proceeding. [Fr. ; L. and Gr. Programma
pro, before, and graphs, to write.]
Progress, progres, n., a goingforward; advance :
improvement : proficiency : course ; passage ;
procession ; a journey of state : a circuit. [L.
progressusprogredtor, to go forwardpro, for
ward, and gradtor, to go.]
progress, pro-gres', v.i., to go forward; to make
progress ; to proceed ; to advance ; to improve :
pr.p. progress ing ; Pa.p. progressed'.
progression, pro-gresh'un, n., the act ofprogressing
or moving forward ; motion onward ; progress ;
regular and gradual advance : regular increase
or decrease of numbers or magnitudes: in music,
a regular succession of chords or movement in
harmony. adj. progres'sional.
progressive, pro-gres'iv, adj., progressing or moving
forward ; advancing gradually ; improving.adv.
progressively.n. progresa'lveness.
Prohibit, pro-hib'it, v.t. lit. to hold before one ; to
hinder; to check or repress ; to prevent; to for
bid ; to interdict by authority :pr.p. prohibit
ing : Pa.p. prohibited. [L. prohibeo, Prohibitum
pro, before, and habeo, to have. See Have.]
prohibition, prO-hi-bish'un, n.t the act ofprohibit
ing, forbidding, or interdicting ; an interdict.
[Fr. ; L. prohibitio.]
prohibitive, pro-hib'it-iv, prohibitory, pro-hib'it-or-i,
adj., thatprohibits or forbids ; forbidding.
Project, pro-jekt', v.t., to cast or throw forward;
to cast forward in the mind, to contrive or devise ;
mOte ; mute ; mOOn ; Men.
 Prop
to exhibit : to draw ; to exhibit in relief upon. to send forwardpro, forward, and mitta, to
allow to go, to send.] adj. affording
v.i. to shoot forward ; to jut ; to be prominent
pr.p. projecting; Pa.p. project'cd. [L. prvjicio, promising, hope or prom'is-ing,
expectation.adv. ' '
projecturnPro, forward, and jaceo, to throw.]
project, proj'ekt, n., that which is projected; a promuwory, of something
prom'is-or-i, adj.,
to be done.
plan ; a pro-jek'tTl,
scheme ; contrivance,
projectile, adj., projecting or throwing Promontory, prom'on-tor-i, n. lit. a mountain jut-
forward; impelling or impelled forward.n. a tingforward; a headland or high cape. [L..pro~
itumtonumpro, forward, and mans, mantis, a
body projected by force, esp. through the air.
projection, pro-jek'snun, ., the act ofprojecting; mountain.]
that which juts out : a plan or design : a delinea Promote, pro-mOt', v.t., to move fonoard ; to ad
tion ; a representation of any object on a plane. vance ; to further ; to encourage : to raise to a
7F, pro-jek'tor, ., one whoprojects or forms higher position ; to elevate :Pr.p. promoting;
Pa.p. promoted.n. promoter. [L. prvmotco
Prolate, pro-lit', or prO', adj. lit. brought out; pro promotion, pro, and moveo, motum, to move.]
duced ; extended ; elongated in the direction of advancement pro-mO'shun, n., the act ofPromoting;
the line of the poles. [L. prolatus, pa.p. ofpro- ; encouragement ; preferment.
frro, to bring forth or extendPro, forth, and Prompt, promt, adj. lit broughtforth ; prepared;
fero, to bear.J ready ; acting with alacrity ; cheerful ; unhesitat
ProlepsIn, pro-lep'sis, ., a taking beforehand or ing.adv. tuspromo,
promptly.n. prompt new. [L.prtrmp-
to bring forthpro, forth, and etna,
anticipation : in rhet., a figure by which objec
tions are anticipated and answered ; the dating prompt, to bring or take.]
of an event before its proper time.adjs. prolep - speaker when at alit.lossto for
promt, v.t. make ready; to assist a
words ; to suggest ; to
tic, prolep'ttcal.adv. proleplically. [Gr. prvlam- incite ; to move to action :pr.p. prompting ;
band, proUpsomatpro, before, and lamband, Pa.p. prompted.n. prompt'ar.
to take.J
Proline, pro-lif'ik, Prolincal, pro-Iif'ik-al, adj.. Pro prompting, promt'ing, ., the act ofPrompting or
ducing offspring; fruitful, productive: in oot., promptitude, suggesting ; that which is prompted or suggested,
applied to a flower from which another is pro promtl-tud, n. , promptness ; readi
duced. [Fr. frolifiqueL. proles, offspring Promulgate, ness ; quickness of decision and action.
(root ol, as in ofesco, to grow), andfacia, to make.J pro-mul'g&t, v.t. to display before the
Prolix, pro-liks7, or prfl', adj., extended far out, or people; to publish:pr.p. promulgating ; Pa.p.
promulgated.n. prom ulgator. [L. promulgo,
to a great length ; long ; minute ; tedious adv.
prolixly->> prolixity, prolix neu. [L. prolixus -aturn, said to be corrupted from Pro, before,
and vulgus, prO-mul-ga'shun,
the people.] n., act ofPromul
pro, forth, and laxus, loose, extended.] promulgation,
Prolocutor, pro-lok'Q-tor, ., one who speaks for gating; publication ; open declaration.
others; the chairman of a convocation. [L. Prone, prOn, adj., bending forward; with the
pro, and loquor, locutus, to speak.]
Prologue, prol'og, or prO', ., what is said before ; face downward ; headlong : disposed ; inclined.
ddv. pronely- prone neM. [L. promts,
a preface ; the introductory verses before a play. from Pro, before ; akin to Gr. prints, prone.]
[Ft. ; L., Gr. proiogospro, before, legd, to say.]
Prolong, pro-tong/, v.t., to lengthen out; to con Prong, prong, ., aprickingor sharp-pointed iustru-
tinue ; to postpone :Pr.p. prolonging ; Pa.p. ment; the spike of a fork or similar instrument,
prolonged', [low L. prohngopro, forth, and proc, [akin to Scot. Prog, to prick, a sharp point ; W.
a stab ; Dutch, prangen, to pinch.]
langus, long.]
prolongate,pro-long'g5t,w. I. ,to lengthen ."Pr.p.pro- Pronominal.prO'noun, See under Pronoun.
lon'gating ; Pa.p. prolongated.n. prolonga tion. Pronoun, noun. [L. pro,
n. a word used instead of a
for, and Noun.]
Promenade, prom-e-n5d', or -nad', ., a walk for pronominal, pro-nom'i-nal, adj., belonging to at oi
pleasure, show, or exercise ; a place for walking. the nature of a pronoun.adv. pronom'inally.
v.i. to walk for amusement, show, or exercise: Pronounce, pro-nouns', v.t. lit. to announcefortk or
i**\A promenading ; Pa.p. promenad'ed. [ Fr. , publicly ; to utter ; to spealc distinctly ; to utter
from {se) promcner, to walk, L. Promina, to drive formally: to utter rhetorically ; to declare :pr.p.
forwardspro, forwards, and mine, to drive.] pronouncing ; pa.p. pronounced'.n. pronoun'oar.
Prominent, proml-nent, adj.,jutting out ; project [L. pronunciopro, forth, and nuncio, to an
ing ; conspicuous ; principal : eminent ; distin nouncenuncius, a messenger. See Nuncio.]
guished.adv. prominently,n. prominence. pronounceable,
[L. Prominent, -entis, pr.p. of promineo, to jut pronounced. pro-nouns'a-bl, adj., capable ofbeing
forthpro, forth, and mineo, to jut.]
Promlacqohb, pro-mislcQ-us, adj. , mixed; confused ; pronunciation, pro-nun-si-a'shun, n., act or mode o
pronouncing; utterance,
collected together without order ; indiscriminate. pronouncing, pro-nouns'ing, adj.,givingpronuncia
adv. pronuVcnonsly.n. pnmucuoutntne. [L. tion.
Promiscuuspro, inten. and misceo, to mix.]
Promne, prom'is, n. lit a sending forward; an Proof, &c. See under Prow.
engagement to do or not to do something ; ex Prop, prop,byv.t. Ut. to thrust into, to cram; to
pectation or that which affords expectation ; that support tain:^-./,
something under or against ; to sus
propping: Pa.p. propped'. n~, that
which is promised, or the fulfilment of it.v.t. which props or sustains a weight ; a support ; a
to make an engagement to do or not to do some Stay. [Dan. proppm, to cram, support ; Ger.
thing ; to afford reason to expect ; to assure ; to " n;, _Sw.. Propp, Dutch,,/, prop, a stopper : L.
engage to bestow '.pr. fir.p. promising '.pa.p. prom'- pfropfen ,
bed. [L. promissumpromitto, propago, a shoot, a
fate, far ; mS, her ; mine ; mote ; mute ; moon ; Men.
 Propagable
Proptgable, Propagandism. See under Propagate.
Propagate, prop'a-giit, v.t. to multiply, as plants,
byfastening twigs into the ground ; to produce ;
to extend ; to impel forward in space : to spread ;
to extend the knowledge of.v.t. to be produced
or multiplied ; to have young :pr.p. propagat
ing; /''-A prop'agated.n. propagator. [L.
Propago, -atompro, before, and Pango, to
fasten ; akin to Sans, pdf, to bind. See Pack.]
propagation, prop-a-ga'shun, n., actofPropagating;
the spreading or extension of anything,
propagandlam, prop-a-gand'izm, n.,practice ofProp
agating tenets or principles,
propagandist, prop-a-gand ist, ., one who devotes
himselftopropagandism.
Propel, pro-pel', v.t., to drive forward; to urge
onward by force '.Pr.p. propell'ing ; pa.p. pro
pelled'. [ti.Pro, forward,Pello, pulsum, to drive.]
propeller, pro-pel'er, ., one toko or that which
ProPels; a screw for propelling a steam-boat ; a
vessel thus propelled,
propulsion, pro-pul'ahtin, n. , act ofpropelling:
propulsive, pro-pui'siv, adj., tending or having
power topropel.
Propensity, pro-pens'i-ti, n. lit. a hangingforwardsI
inclination ; disposition, [low L. proPensitas
L. pro, forward, and pendeo, pensum, to hang.]
Proper, proper, adj. lit. near to one ; one's own ;
naturally or essentially belonging ; peculiar : be
longing to only one of a species (as a name) :
natural; suitable; correct; just; right; becom
ing : in New Test, comely, pretty.adv. prop
erly. [Fr. propre, L. proPrius, one's own, prob.
akin to proPe, near.]
property, prop'er-ti, n. orig. propriety ; that which
is ProPer to anything ; a peculiar or essential
quality ; a quality : that which is one's own ; an
" _ right of possessing, employing, &c* ;
[L. proprietor.\
prof'e-si. n. lit a speakingfor another;
a declaration of something to come ; a predic
tion : public interpretation of Scripture ; instruc
tion : in B. , also, a book of prophecies, [old Fr.
profecie; L.propketia; Gr. prvphiteiapro, for,
and phimi, to speak.]
prophecy, profe-sT, v.t. lit to speakfor; to foretell ;
to predict.v.i. in B., to exhort; to expound
religious subjects -.pr.p. proph esying ; pa.p.
prophesied.
prophet, proPet, n,, one who prophesies : in />'.. one
inspired by God ; a public teacher :in pi. the
writings of the prophets.fern, proph'eteee.
prophetic, pro-fet/ik, prophetical, pro-fet'ik-al, adj.,
containing prophecy; foreseeing or foretelling
events.adv. prophet ically.
Propinquity, pro-pingTcwi-ti, n., nearness in time,
place, or blood ; proximity. [L. propinquitas
fropinquus, nearproPe, near.]
Propttlable, Propitiate, &c. See under Propitious.
Propitious, pro-pish'us, adj. lit. being near; favour
able ; disposed to be gracious or merciful.adv.
propi tiously.n. propi tlousnesi. [L. propitius
froPe, near.]
propitiate, ppvpishl-at, v.t.f to make Propitious;
to render favourable.v.t. to make propitiation;
to atone '.pr.p. propi'tiating ; Pa.p. propi'tiited.
n. propitiator. [L. Propitio, propttiatum.]
propltlable, pro-pish'i-abl, adj., that may be pro
pitiated.
propitiation, pro-pish-i-3'shun, ., act ofpropitiat
ingI in tkeol., that which propitiates ; atonement.
fate, far; me", her ; mine ;
proscription
propitiatory, pro-pish'i-a-tor-i, adj., having power
to propitiate ; expiatory.n. the Jewish mercy-
seat.
Proportion, pro-poVshun, n., a comparison ofParts;
the relation ofone thing to another ; mutual titness
of parts; symmetrical arrangement : in math.,
the equality or similarity of ratios : equal or just
share.v.t. to adjust; to form symmetrically:
pr.p. proportioning ; Pa.p. proportioned, [L.
proPortiopro, in comparison with, and Portio,
Portionis, part, share. See Portion.]
proportionable, pro-poVshun-abl, adj., that may be
proportioned.adv. propor'tlonably.
proportional, pro-por'shun-al, adj., having a due
t^Portion: relating to proportion: in math.,
ving the same or a constant ratio.n. in math.,
a number or quantity in a proportion.adv. pro
portionally.
proportionate,pro-pOr'shun-rit.arf/'. ,adjustedAccord
ing to a proportion; proportional.adv. propor
tionately.
Propose, pro-poV, v.t. orig. to set Before; to offer for
consideration, &c.v.i. to make a proposal; to
offer one's self in marriage :pr.p. proposing ;
pa.p. proposed'.. propos'er.e'er. [Fr.
[Fr./proposer; L.
ProPono, -Positumpro, before, pono, to place.]
proposal, pro-pOz'al, n., anything proposed; a
scheme or design ; terms or conditions proposed.
proposition, prop-o-iish'un, n., that which ts pro
posed; oner of terms: in rhet., anything stated
as a subject ; the first part of a poem, discourse,
&c. in which the subject is stated: in gram, and
logic, a complete sentence, or one which affirms
or denies something : in math., a theorem or
problem to be demonstrated or solved.
propoaitional, prop-o-zish'un-al, adj., pertaining to
or of the nature of a proposition ; considered as
a proposition.
propound,pro-pound',v.t., topropose or offer for con
sideration ; to exhibit :/^.propounding ; Pa.p.
propounded.. propound'er. [same as Propose.]
Propriety, pro-prfe-ti, n. orig. peculiar right of
Possession, property ; state of being proper or
right ; agreement with established principles or
customs; fitness; accuracy. [L. proprietaspro-
prius, one's own.] See Proper.
proprietor, pro-prfe-tor, n., one who has anything
as his Property; an owner.n. propri etorship.
proprietary, pro-pri'e-tar-i, adj., belonging to Si
proprietor. a proprietor ; an owner.
proprietress, pro-prl'c-tres, n.,fem. of proprietor.
Propulsion, Propulsive. See under Propel.
Prorogue, pro-rOg', v.t. lit. to askforward; to con
tinue from one session to another '.Pr.p. pro
roguing ; Pa.p. prorogued'. [L. prorogo, -aturn
pro, forward, and rogo, to ask.]
prorogation, pro-ro-gi'shun, n.f act ofproroguing.
Prosaic. See t
i, pro-sC'ni-um, the front part ofthe
stage. [Gr. Proskenionpro, before, skeni, the
stage.]
Proscribe, pro-skrTV, v.t., to write any one's name
before or in Public; to publish the names of per
sons to be punished : to banish : to prohibit ; to
denounce, as doctrine :pr.p. proscrlb'ing ; Pa.pm
proscribed'.n. proeerlber. [L. proscribe*Pro,
before, in from of, and scribo, senptum, to wnte.]
proscription, pro-skrip'shun, n., the act ofProscrib
ing or dooming to death, or outlawry; utter re
jection.
mOtc ; mute ; mOon ; then,
403
 prosoriptive protestation
prescriptive, pro-skrip'tiv, adj., pertaining to or front ; to expose for sale for bad ends ; to sell to
wickedness or lewdness ; to devote to any im
consisting in proscription. proper purpose :pr.p. pros'tituting ; Pa.p. pros
Prose, prOz, k. the direct, straightforwardarrange tituted.adj. openly devoted to lewdness; sold
ment of words, free from poetical measures ; all to
writings not in verse.adj. pertaining to prose ; in wickedness.n. a female who openly indulges
not poetical : plain ; dull.v.i. to write prose ; to [L. lewdness, csp. for hire : a base hireling.
prostituOy -uturnpro, before, statuo, to
spealc or write tediously :pr.p. prOs'ing ; pa.p. place.]
prflscd'.n. proper. [Fr.L. prosa, for prorsa prostitution, pros-ti-tu'shun, ., the act or practice
prorsus, straightforwardpro, forward, and ofprostituting; common lewdness of a female :
verto, versutn, to turn.] the life of a lewd woman : the being devoted to
prosaic, pro-za'ik, proaalcal, pro-za'ik-al, adj., per infamous purposes,
taining to prose; like prose.adv. prosa ically.
prosy, prOz'i, adj., like dull prose; dull and tedious prostltutor, pros ti-tOt-or,
cither himself or another.
one who prostitutes
in discourse or writing.adv. pros'ily.. prol Prostrate, pros'trat, adj., thrown forwards on the
ines*.
Prosecute, pros'e-kGt, v.i., to folbnu onwards or ground ; lying at length : lying at mercy : bent in
adoration.v.t. to throw forwards on the ground ;
pursue, in order to reach or accomplish ; to con
tinue : to pursue by law.v.i. to carry on a legal in humble; reverence
to lay flat to overthrow : to sink totally : to bow
:Pr.p. prostrating ; pa.p.
prosecution :pr.p. pros'ecQting ; pa.p. pros e pros'trated. [L. pro. forwards, and stemo,
cuted. [L. prosequorpro, onwards, and sequor, stratum, to throw on the ground.]
secutus, to follow.] See Bequence.
prosecution, pros-e-ku'shun, ., the act ofprosecut prostration, pros-tra'shun, *. , act ofthrowing down
or laying flat : act of falling down in adoration :
ing; pursuit : a civil or criminal suit. dejection : complete loss of strength.
prosecutor, pros'e-kQt-or, ., one who prosecutes or Protean, prO'tc-an or pro-ttf'an, adj. readily assum
pursues any plan or business : one who carries on ing different shapes, like Proteus, the sea-god,
a criminal suitfern, prosecutrix.
Proselyte, pros'c-llt, ., one who has come over to a into an toendless
fabled have the power of changing himself
variety of forms.
religion or opinion. [Fr.L. proselytus, Gr.
prosflytosproserchomai, to come topros, to, Protect, pro-tckt', v.t., to cover in front ; to cover
over; to defend; to shelter :-~pr.p. protecting;
and erchomai, ilython, to come.]
proselytise, pros-e-lit-Tz/, v.i., to makeproselytes or Pa.p. protect'ed. [L. pro, in front, and tego,
tectum, akin to Gr. stegd, to cover. ]
converts :pr.p. proselytls'ing ; pa.p. prose protection, pro-tek'shun, ., act ofprotecting ; state
lytised'. pros'e-llt-izm, ., the act ofProselyt of being protected ; preservation ; defence ;
proselytism, guard ; refuge ; security : passport,
ing or of making converts.
Prosody, pros'o-di, n. a song sung to (an instrument) protectionist,
the protection
pro-tek'shun-ist, ., one who favours
of trade by law.
oranaccompanyingsong; the accent ofa syllable ;
that part of grammar which treats of quantity, protective, defensive
pro-tek'tiv, adj., affording protection;
; sheltering,
accent, and the laws of verse or versification, [L. protector, pro-tckt'or, n., one who protects from
prosodia, Gr, Prosd'diapros, to, and ode, a song.]
prosodtal, pros-0 di-al, proeodicai, pros-od'ik-al, adj., injury or oppression ; a guardian ; a regent.-fenu
protect rcss. protect rix. n. protectorship,
Pertaining to prosody ; according to the rules of protectoral, pro-tekt'or-al, protectorial. pro-tek-tO-
prosody.adv. prosod'ically. ri-al, adj. , pertaining to a protector or regent
prosodian, pros-O'di-an, prosodist, pros'o-dist, ., protectorate, pro-tck'tor-at, ., government by
one skilled in prosody.
Prosopopoeia, pros-o-po-pc'ya, n. a rhetorical figure protectorsuperior.
or regent : the authority assumed by a
by which inanimate objects are made to act as Protege', pro-ta-zha,', ., one under theprotection of
persons; personification. [Gr. prosdpopoiia another ; a pupil ; a ward.fern, protegee. [Fr.,
prosdpon, a person, and poied, to make.] pa.p. ofprotiger, to protectL. protego.]
Prospect, pros'pckt, ., a lookingforward ; a view: Protest, pro-test', v.i., to bear witness before others;
object of view ; a scene : expectation. [L.prvs- to declare openly : to give a solemn declaration
Pectusprospicio, prospectum, to look forward of opinion.v.t. to make a solemn declaration
Pro, forward^ and specto, to look. ] of: to note, as a bill of exchange, from non-
prospectlon, pro-spek'shun, ., the act of looking acceptance or non-payment:Pr.p. protest'uig;
forward or of providing for future wants. pa.p. protcst'ed.n. protest er. [L. protestor,
prospective, pro-spek'tiv, adj., looking forward; -atuspro,
acting with foresight : relating to the future ; protest, prO'tcst,before, testortestis, a witness.]
n. a solemn or formal protesting
distant.adv. prospectively. or declaration, esp. one in writing by the minority
prospectus, pro-spek'tus, n.t a view or plan of a of a body, expressing dissent : the attestation by
literary work ; a programme of arrangements. a notary-public of an unpaid or unaccepted bilk
Prosperous, pros'per-us, adj., according to hope; in Protestant, prot'es-tant, adj., protesting; pertaining
accordance with one's wishes; favourable ; suc to the faith of those who protest against the
cessful. adv. prosperously. [L. prosper, pros- Church of Rome.n. orig. one who, in 1529,
peruspro, in accordance with, and spet, hope.] protested against an edict of Charles V. and the
prosperity, pros-per'i-ti, ., the state ofbeing pros Diet of Spires ; one who protests against the
perous ; success ; good-fortune. Church of Rome.
prosper, prosper, v.t., to render prosperous; to Protestantism, prot'es-tant-izm, the Protestant
make fortunate or happy: in B., to make to religion.
prosper.v.i. to be successful ; to succeed : protestation, prot-es-ta'shun, ., the act ofprotest
pr.p. pros'pering ; Pa.p. pros'pered. ing ; a solemn declaration; a declaration, of
Prostitute, pros'ti-tut, v.t. lit to place before or in dissent ; a declaration in pleading.
fate, fir ; me, her ; mine ; mote ; mute ; mCon ; Men.
 Protocol Provoke
Protocol, prO'to-kol, n. lit. that which was glued proof, pro75f, n. , that which proves ; test ; experi
first; the first copy of any document; the rough ment ; anyprocess to discover or establish a truth :
draught of an instrument or transaction. [Fr. that which convinces : demonstration ; evidence :
protocolelow L. protocollumlate Gr. prdto- condition of having been proved ; firmness of
kollon, the first leaf glued to the rolls of papyrus mind ; a certain strength of alcoholic spirits : in
and the notarial documentsGr. prStos, first, Print., an impression taken for correction.adj.
and hclia, glue, or hdlon, a member.] lit. proved; firm in resisting.
Protomartyr, prO'to-mar-ter, *. St Stephen the proofless, prOUf'les, adj., wantingproofor evidence.
Jirst Christian martyr; the first who suffers in Provender, prov'en-der, n. dry food for beasts, as hay
any cause. [Gr. PrStos, first, and Martyr.] or corn ; esp. a mixture of meal and cut straw or
Protophyte, prO'to-flt, n. the first or lowest order hay. [Fr. provende, L. prabenda.\ Sec Prebend.
ofplants. [Gr. prdlos, first, and phyton, a plant Proverb, prov'crb, n. lit. a word or saying coming
phyd, to cause to grow.]
Prototype, pr0'to-tlp; n. the first or original type amore readily^nwrnr*than other sayings ; maxim ;
short familiar sentence, forcibly expressing a
or model after which anything is copied ; an ex well-known truth or moral lesson : a by-word.
emplar ; a pattern. [Gr. prdtos, first, and Typo.) in //. a book of the Old Testament. [Fr.
Protozoan, prO-to-zfl'an, n. one of thefirst or lowest proverbe, L. proverbturnpro, forward, and
class of animals. [Gr. pr$tos, first, and tdon, verbum, a word.]
an animal.]
protozolc, prO-to-20'ik, adj., pertaining to the proverbial, pro-verb'i-al, adj., Pertaining to
Protozoans; containing remains of the earliest proz>erbs: widely spoken
mentioned in or resembling a proverb;
of.adv. proverb tally.
life of the globe.
Protract, pro-trakt*, v.i., to dra^v out or lengthen Provide, pro-vld', v.t. orig. to foresee; to make
in time ; to prolong : to draw to a scale :pr.p. to procure supplies orto means
ready beforehand; prepare; to supply.v.i.
of defence ; to take
protracting ; Pa.p. protract'ed. [L. protrafw, measures ; to bargain previously :fr.p. provld'-
Protraetuntpro, out, and traho, to draw.]
protraction, pro-trak'shun; ., act ofprotracting or pro, before, z'ideo, -visum, to see.][L.See
ing; pa.p. provid'ed.. provid'er. provideo
Vision.
prolonging ; the delaying the termination of a providence, prov'i-dens, the act of providing ;
thing ; the laying down the dimensions of any timely preparation : in theol., the foresight and
thing on paper. care of God over all his creatures ; God, consid
protractlre, pro-traktlv, adj., drawing out in time ; ered in this relation : prudence in managing one's
prolonging ; delaying. affairs; frugality. [Fr. ; L. providential
protractor, pro-trakt'or, one who or that which provident,
Protracts ; a mathematical instrument for laying cautious:provl-dent, adj., providingforthe future;
prudent; economical.a</z-.prov'idently.
down angles on paper, used in surveying, &c. providential, prov-i-den'shal, ouij., effected by or pro
Protrude, pro-tro"Od', v.t., to thrust or push for ceeding from divine providence, adv. providen'-
wards; to drive along ; to put out.v.i. to be tlally.
thrust forward or beyond the usual limit :fr.p. provision, pro-vizh'un, n., act of providing; that
protruding ; Pa.p. protrfld'ed. [L. protrude, which is provided or prepared; measures taken
-trusttmpro, forwards, and trudo, to thrust.]
protrusion, pro-troC'zhun, ., the act of thrusting beforehand ; preparation ; previous agreement : a
store of food; provender.v.t. to supply with
forward or beyond the usual limit ; the state of provisions or food:/r./. provisioning; Pa.p.
being protruded. provi'sioned.
protrusive, pro-trt50'siv, adj., thrusting or impelling provisional, pro-vizh'un-al, adj., frmnded for an
forward. occasion; temporary.adv. provisionally.
Protuberate, pro-tub'er-St, v.i., to swellforward or proviso, pro-vi'zO, ., a provision or condition in
up ; to swell or bulge out :pr.p. protQb'crating ; a deed or other writing ; the clause containing it ;
Pa.p. protQb'erated. [L. protubero, -atumpro, any condition.inpi. provisos, provi'zflz.
forward, tuber, a swellingtumeo, to swell.] provisory, pro-vl'zor-i, adj., containing a proviso
protuberant, pro-tub'er-ant, adj., swelling; pro or condition; conditional; making temporary
minent.adv. protu'berantly. provision ; temporary.adv. provi'sorlly.
protuberance, pro-tub'er-ans, ., a swellingforward Province, prov'ins, n. lit. a charge to provide for,
orforth ; a prominence ; a tumour. any business or duty ; a portion of an empire or
state ; a region : the district over which one has
Proud, proud [comp. prouder ; supert. proud'est' , jurisdiction
adj., having pride ; having excessive esteem ; business or : calling. a department of knowledge : one's
[Fr. ; L. Provincia, con
haughty: daring: grand; ostentatious.adv. tracted from Providentia.]
prond'ly. [old E./rwrV, Dutch, prat, A. S. Prut.] provincial, pro-vin'shal, adj., relating to aprovince;
proud-flesh, proud -flesh, n. a growth or excrescence belonging to a division of a country : character
offlesh in a wound. [Proud and Flesh.]
prouduth, proud'ish, adj. , somewhatproud. istic of the inhabitants of a province ; rude ; un
Prove, prOTv, v.t., to try by experiment or by a polished.. an inhabitant of a province or
country district.adv. provin'cially.
test or standard ; to try by suffering ; to establish provincialism, pro-vin'shal-izm, n. mode of speech
or ascertain as truth by argument or other evi peculiar to a province or country district ; a
dence ; to demonstrate ; to ascertain the genuine peculiarity of dialect.
ness of: to experience or suffer : in math., to Provision, Proviso, &c. See under Provide.
ascertain the correctness of any result.v.t. to
make trial: to turn out: to be shewn afterwards : Provocation, Provocative. See under Provoke.
/r./. proving '.Pap. proved'.n. prov'er. [Fr. Provoke, pro-vOk', v.t., to call forth; to excite to
prouvcr ; old Yx.prover ; It. provarc; L.probo; action ; to excite with anger ; to offend : in B.} to
A.S. profian.] Sec Probable. challenge \~-pr.p. provOk ing ; pa.p. provoked .
provable, pro7Jv'a-bl, adj., that may be proved. adv. provok'ingly. [L. provoco, provocaturnpro,
adv. prov'ably.n. provableness. forth, and voco, to cafl.] See VocaL
fate, far ; me, her ; mine ; mOtc ; mute ; mCon ; Men.
 provocation publication
provocation, prov-o-ka'shun, ., act ofprovoking: psalmist, sam'ist or sal'mist, n., a composer of
that which provokes, psalms, applied to David and the writers of tho
provocative, pro-vok'a-tiv, orpro-vok', adj., tending Scriptural psalms.
to provoke or excite.. anything provocative ; psalmody, sam'o-di or sal'mo-di, . , practice ofsing
a stimulant.*, provoc'ativeness. ingpsalms ; psalms collectively. [Gr. psalmos,
Provost, prov'ust, n., one placed over others; the psahnodlc,a psalm, and ode, a song.] See Ode.
chief of any body or department ; the principal adj., pertaining sal-mod'ik, psalmodical, sai-mod'ik-a],
of a college ; the chief magistrate of a Scotch ps&lmodlst, sal'mod-ist, to psalmody.
city or town.Provost-marshal, a military officer psaltery, sawl'ter-i, ., is.,a stringed a singer ofpsalms.
instrument of
who preserves discipline, &c. ; a naval officer who the Jews. [L. psalterium, Gr. psalterion.]
has charge of prisoners, &c. [old Fr. ; It Prev- psalter, sawl'ter, n. lit. a song sung to the psaltery;
osto; L. proposituspra, ovcT,pono, to place.]
provostship, prov'ust-ship, ., the office ofaprovost. the book of Psalms, esp. when separately printed:
in the R. C. Church, a series of 150 devout sen
Prow, prow, ., theforepart ofa ship. [Fr. proue ; tences ; a rosary of 150 beads, according to the
It. prua ; L. and Gr. prOra, from pro, before.] number of the psalms.
Prowess, prow cs or prO'es, n. lit.probity orgoodness ; Pseudonym,
bravery, esp. in war; valour. [Fr. prouesse, from assumed, assu'do-nim, . , a fictitious name
by an author.adj. pseudou'ymous,
old Yx.prou, 1 t./rc,valiant, from L./rcj,good.] bearing a fictitious name. [Gr. pscudl-s, false,
Prowl, prowl, v.i. to rove in search of prey or and onoma, a name.]
plunder '.pr.p. prowl'ing ; pa.p. prowled.n. Pshaw, shaw, int. an exclamation of contempt
prowl er, [old Fr., as if prouier, from proie, L. or dislike, [from the sound.]
Prayda, prey.] See Prey.
Proximate, proks'i-mat, adj., nearest or next; Psychical, stfeik-al, adj., Pertaining to the soul.
[L. psychicus, Gr. Psychikospsyche, the soul
having the most intimate connection ; near and Psycho",
immediate.adv. prox imately. [L. proximatus, psychology,tosl-kol'o-ji, breathe.]
n., a treatise on the soul;
pa.p. ofproximo, to draw near, from proximus, the science of the mind and its faculties. [Gr,
super!, of obs. proPis, near.] psych?, the soid, and logos, a treatise.]
proximity, proks-im it-i, n., state of being next ; psychologic, sl-ko-loj'ik, psychological, sT-ko-loi 'ik-al,
immediate nearness.
Proxy, proks'i, n. lit. the office ofProcurator; the adj., lcally.
pertaining topsychology.adv. psycholog'-
agency of one who acts for another ; one who psychologist, sl-kol'o-jist, n.t one who studs**
acts for another, or the writing by which he is de Psychology.
puted, [from obs. F.. procuracy, from Procurator.J
Prude, prGod, n. lit a Proved or virtuous woman; Ptarmigan, tar'mi-gan, *. a species of grouse with
a woman ofaffected modesty. [Fr. ; old Fr. prod, feathered toes inhabiting the tops of mountains.
[Gael, tarmachan; Ir. tarmochan,]
frcm L. probus, good, virtuous.] See Prove,
prudery, pro"od'er-i, n.t tnanners ofa Prude. Puberty, pQ'bcr-ti, n. the age at which the genera
prudish, prOOd'tsh, adj., like a prude; affectedly tive organs are developed ; manhood. [L. puber-
modest or reserved.adv. prud'lshly. taspuber, pubes, of ripe age.]
Prudent, prOo'dent, adj. lit. provident or foreseeing ; pubescent, pfl-besent, adj., arriving at puberty;
cautious and wise in conduct ; careful ; discreet : in[L.bol. and zool., covered with soft, short hair.
dictated by forethought : frugal.adv. pru'dently. at puberty.] -cutis, pr.p. of pubesco, to arrive
pubescens,
[Fr. ; L. prudens, from p-rovidens, pr.p. ofprov- pubescence, pu-bes'ens, n,, state of one arrived at
ideo, to foresee.] See Provide,
prudence, prfjo'dens, ., quality of being prudent; Puberty: in bot., the soft, short hair on plants.
wisdom applied to practice ; caution, Public, pubHik, adj., of or belonging to the people;
prudential, prOo-den'snal, adj., proceedingfrom or pertaining to a community or a nation : general ;
dictated by prudence.adv. pruden'tlaUy. common to all; generally known. . the people;
Prudery, Prudish. See under Prude. the general body of mankind ; the people, inde
finitely. adv. pub licly. [L. Pubiicus, contr. for
Prune, prtJOn, v.t. lit. to Propagate ; to cut off, as PopulicusPopnlus,
the superfluous branches ; to trim ; to divest of publican, pub lik-an, n.theong. people.]
anything superfluous :Pr.p. prun'ing ; Pa.p. the Roman public revenue ; aa farmer-general of
pruned'.n. prun'er. [old proigne ; Fr.prov- keeper of an inn or public-house.tax-collector : the
igner, h. proPago, to propagate. J See Propagate. public-house, pub'lik-hous, ., a house open to the
Prune, prOon, n., a plum, esp. a dried plum. [Fr. ; Public ; an inn or house of public entertainment.
L. prunum, Gr. prounon. \
prunella, pro"o-nela, prunello, prOo-ncl'O, . a publicist, pub'li-sist, n.t one who writes on or is
skilled in Public law.
strong , woollen stuff, generally black, prob. so publicity, pub-lis'i-ti, n., the state ofbeingpublic or
called from being o(&prune colour. [Fr.prunelle.] open to the knowledge of all ; notoriety.
Prurient, prSo'ri-ent, adj., itching or uneasy with public-spirited, pub-lik-spir'it-cd, adj., having m
desire. [L. prun'ens, pr.p. of prjtrio, to itch.] spirit actuated by regard to the public interest ;
prurience, prOO'ri-ens, pruriency, prtFo'ri-en-si, with a regard to the public interest.adv. pub
State ofbeingprurient. lic-spiritedly.n. public-splr'itedness,
Pry, prT, v.i., to Peer or peep into that which is publish, pubiish, v.t., to make public; to divulge
closed ; to inspect closely : to try to discover with or reveal; to announce; to proclaim; to send
curiosity '.pr.p. prying : Pa.p. pried'.adv. forth to the public ; to print and offer foi- sale ;
pry tngly. [prob. a corruption of Peer. ] to put into circulation '.pr.p. publishing ; pa~p.
Psalm, sam, n. lit. the twanging a stringed in published'. [L. publicopubltcus.]
strument ; a song sung to one ; a sacred song. publication, pub-li-lea shun, n., the act ofpublishing
[h.psalmus; Gr.psalmos, from Psalld, to twang.] or making public; a proclamation: the act of
fate, fir ; m, her ; mine ; mote ; mute ; mOon ; Men.
406
 publisher
printing and sending forth to the public, asa book;
that which is published as a book, &c.
publisher, pub'Hsh-er, n., one who makes Public or
proclaims ; one who publishes books.
Puce, pus, adj., ^a-coloured ; brownish-purple.
[Fr. puce, It. pulce, L. pulex, pulicis, a flea.]
Pack, puk, n. a goblin or mischievous sprite ; a
celebrated fairy, (old E. pouke, Ice. puki, an
evil spirit, the devil, from root of Bug.]
Packer, puk'er, v.t., to gather into pokes or small
bags : to gather in folds ; to wrinkle :pr.p.
puck'ering; pa.p. puckered.. a fold or wrinkle.
[from Poke.]
Padding, pood'ing, n. lit. that which bulges out;
an intestine tilled with meat ; a soft kind of food,
of flour, milk, eggs, and other ingredients. [W.
poten, Ger. pudding, Fr. boudin, It. boldonel h.
botulus : from root bod, something projecting,
akin to Pout. J
Puddle, pud'l, n. a small pool of muddy water ; a
mixture of clay and sand.v.t. to make muddy ;
to make impervious to water with clay ; to con
vert into bar or wrought iron.v.i. to make
a dirty stir:pr.p. puddling; Pa.p. puddled.
[Dutch, pudel, L. palus, Paludis, akin to Pool.]
udler, m. one who turns cast iron into
i iron by Puddling.
pud'ling, n, the act of rendering imper-
to water by means of clay: the process of
converting cast into bar or wrought iron.
Puerile, pu'er-Tl, adj., pertaining to children l
childish : trifling ; silly.adv. puerilely. [L.
puerilisPuer, a child, akin to Sans. Push, to
nourish, putra, a son.]
puerility, pG-er-ili-ti, n., quality of being puerile ;
that which is puerile : a childish expression,
puerperal, pu-er'per-al, adj., relating to childbirth.
[L. puerpcrus, bearing childrenpuer, a child,
and parto, to bear.]
Puff, puf, . a sudden, forcible breath; a sudden or
violent blast of wind ; a gust or whirT : anything
filled with air : a fungous ball containing dust ;
anything lijjht and porous, or swollen and light ;
a kind of light pastry : an exaggerated expres
sion of praise.v.i. to blow in puffs or whiffs ;
to swell the cheeks with air ; to fill with air ;
to breathe with vehemence ; to blow at, in con-
to bustle about.v.t. to drive with a
to swell with a wind : to praise in exag
gerated terms 'Pr-P- puffing : hap. puffed'.
n. puffer. [Ger. Pujft Dan.//, Dutch, pqf: from
the sound.]Pull up, in B., to inflate,
puffery, puf'er-i, n., puffing or extravagant praise,
puffin, puf'in, n. a water-fowl having a short, thick,
puffed or projecting beak like that of a parrot,
puffy, puf'i, adj., puffed out with air or any soft
tumid ; bombastic.adv. puffily.n.
Pug, pug, n. lit. a Puck or goblin; a monkey; a
small kind of dog; any small animal (in familiar-
ity or contempt), [a corruption of Puck.]
Pugh, poo, int. an expression ofcontempt or disdain,
(from the sound.]
Pugilism, pujilizm, n. the art of boxing or fight
ing with the Jists.adj. pu'glllstic. [from L.
Pugil, a boxer, from root pug, whence pugnus,
a fist, pungo, to prick, &c.J
pugilist, pfl'jil-ist, ., one whoJights with hisfists.
pugnacious, pug-na'shus, adj., fond of fighting;
combative ; quarrelsome.adv. pugna'clously.
n. pugnacity. [L. pugnax, pugnacis.]
fate, far ; me, her ; mine ;
pulverise
Puisne, pu'ni, adj. lit. bom after; inferior in rank,
applied to certain judges in England, [old Fr.,
I r. pulni, from puis, L. post, after, and ne, pa.p.
ofnattre, L. nascor, natus, to be born. J See Puny.
Puissant, pQ'is-ant, adj.,potent orpowerful; strong;
forcible.adv. pu'issantly.. puissance, [Fr. :
li.possente, L.potenspossum, to beable.] See
Potent.
Pule, pul, v.i., to pipe or chirp ; to cry, whimper, or
whine, like a child:Pr.p. pQllng : pa.p. puled'.
. pul'er. [Fr. piauler, It. pigolare, L.pipilo,
from pipio, to pipe : from the sound.]
Pull, pool, v.t. to draw or try to draw ; to draw for
cibly ; to move by drawing or pulling ; to tear ; to
pluck. v.i. to give a pull; to draw:pr.p. pull'-
mg ; pa.p. pulled'.n. the act of pulling; a
struggle or contest. [A. S. pullian, prob. another
form of Pill, to strip bare. See under Pile, hair.]
Pullet, pool'et, n., a young hen. [Fr. poulette,
dim. oipoule, a hen, L. pullus, a young animal,
from pucltus, dim. of Puer, a child, and akin to
Gr. pdlos, a young animal.] See Poult.
Pulley, pool'i, n. lit. a colt ; a wheel turning about
an axis, and having a groove in which a cord runs,
used for raising weights, [old E. poleyn, Fr. pou-
lain, a colt, any contrivance for moving heavy
weights, poulie, a pulley, Prov. Poli, a colt.]
Pulmonary, pul'mon-ar-i, adj., Pertaining to or
affecting the lungs. [L. puImonariuspuInto,
Gr. pteumdn, pneumdn, the lungsPnsd, to
breathe.]
pulmonic, pul-mon'ik, adj., Pertaining to or affect
ing the lungs.n. a medicine for disease of the
lungs ; one affected by disease of the lungs.
Pulp, pulp, n. the soft fleshy part of bodies ;
marrow ; the soft part of plants, esp. of fruits ;
any soft mass.v.t. to reduce to pulp ; to deprive
of pulp; to separate the pulp:Pr.p. pulping;
pa.p. pulped'. [Fr. pulp*, L. pulpa.']
pulpy, pulpl, adj., like pulp ; soft.n. pulpiness,
pulpoua, pulp'us, adj., consisting of or resembling
pulp ; soft. n. pulp'ousuHB.
Pulpit, pool'pit, n. lit the stage for the acton in
the Roman theatre ; a platform for speaking
from ; an elevated or enclosed place in a church
where the sermon is delivered ; a desk.adj.
belonging to the pulpit. [L. pulpitum.]
Pulsate, pul'sat, v.i., to Push or beat; to throb:
Pr.p. pul sating ; pa.p. pul'satcd. [L. pulso,
pulsatnm, inten. of Pello, pulsum, to beat, per
haps akin to Sans, pad, to cause to go.]
pulsatile, pul'sat-il, adj., that maybebeaten; played
by beating ; acting by pulsation,
pulsation, pul-su shun, ., a beating or throbbing ;
a motion of the pulse; any measured beat;
a vibration. [L. pulsatio.]
pulsatlve, pulsa-tiv, pulsatory, pul'sa-tor-i, adj.,
beating or throbbing,
pulse, puis n.t, a beating; a throb ; a vibration :
the beating of the heart and the arteries. [Fr.
pouls, L. pulsuspello, pulsum. ]
pulseless, puls les, adj., having nopulsation.
Pulse, puis, n. grain or seed (beans, pease, &c.)
contained in a bag or pod. [Sp. poisa, a bag;
l)an. Pfflse, Ice. Pylsa, a sausage, meat stuffed
in a case ; Sw. Pylsa, a sack.]
Pulverable, pul'ver-abl, Pulverisable, pul'ver-Tz-a-bl,
adj., capable ofbeing pulverised or reduced to
fine powder. [L. pulvis, pulveris, powder.]
pulverise, pul'ver-Iz, v.t., to reduce to dust or fine
1
 pulverous Purchase
powder :pr.p. pul'verTsing ; Pa.p. pulVerlsed. punctualiit, pungk'tfl-al-ist, ., apunctiliousperson,
n. pulverisation. [L. pulverizoPulris.] punctuality, pungk-tfl-al'i-ti, ., quality or state of
pulveroui, pul'ver-us, adj., consisting of or like beingpunctual; the keeping the exact time of an
dust or powder. [L. pulvereus.] appointment.
Fumi, pu'ma, n. a carnivorous animal, of the cat punctuate, pungk'tfl-at.v.r'., to markwithpoints: to
species, of a reddish-brown colour without spots, divide sentences by certain marks :pr.p. punc'-
called also the American lion. [Peruvian, puma.] tuating ; Pa.p. punc tuated, [as if L. punctua,
-atumpunctum, a point.]
Pumice, pfl'mis, n,, that which is s/it or thrown out punctuation,
ofa volcano ; spume^foam ; ahard, light, spongy, dividing sentences pungk-tQ-a'shun, n. the act or art of
volcanic mineral.^adj. puml obouj, of or like puncture, pungk'tur, ., by points or marks.
pumice. [L. pumex, pumicis, orig. spumex made with a sharp point.v.t. a pricking; a small hole
ipu.".-:>, to foamspuo, Gr. ptud, to spit.] to prick; to
Pommel, the same as Pommel. pierce with a pointed instrument :Pr.p. punc
turing ; Pa.p. punc'tOred. (L.
Pomp, pump, n. a machine for raising water and Pungent, pun'jent, adj., pricking or acrid to taste puncturaPungo.']
other fluids.v.t. to raise with a pump; to draw or smell ; keen ; sarcastic.adv. pun'gently.n.
out information by artful questions.V.i, to pun'gency. [L. pungens, -entis, pr.p. ofpungo.\
work a pump ; to raise water by pumping : Punish,
Pr.p. pumping '.Pa.p. pumped'.'.'.pumper. [Fr. loss orpun'ish, v.t., to exact a penalty; to cause
pain for a fault or crime ; to chasten :
Pomp*, Ger. pumjte, Ice. /:<>rpa ; from the sound Pr.p. pun'ishing ; Pa.p. pun'ished.n. pun'iihex.
of splashing in water.] [Fr. funir, L. punirepoma, the purifying or
Pomp, pump, n. a thin-soled shoe used in dancing, acquitting thing, penaltySans, pu, to punfy.]
[prob. from the sound of the feet in dancing.] See Pain, Penal, Pure.
Pumplon, pump'yun, Pumpkin, pump/kin, . a plant punishable, pun'ish-abl, adj., that may bepunished.
of the gourd species and its fruit, [old Fr. punishment, pun'ish-ment, n. loss or pain as the
Pompon,peptm, L. peps, Gr. pepdn, ripe, so called reward of a crime.
because not eaten until quite ripe.] Punka, Punkah, pungTca, n. a gigantic fan consist
Pan, pun, n. a play upon words similar in sound ing of a litiht framework covered with cloth and
but different in meaning.v.i. to make puns ; to suspended from the ceiling of a room. [Hind.
?|uibble :~pr.p. punn'ing ; Pa.p. punned . fprob. punkhd, a fan.]
rom old E. pun, A.S. punian, to knock about : Punster. See under Pun.
or from Fr. pointe, L. punctum, a point.]
punster, pun'ster, ., one whopuns or is skilled in Punt, punt, . lit. a bridge of boats; a ferry-boat ;
a flat-bottomed boat.v.t. to propel, as a boat,
punning. by pushing with a pole against the bottom of a
Punch, same as Punchinello. river. [A.S. ; L. pontopons, pontis, a bridge.]
Punch, punsh, n. a beverage of five ingredients, Puny, pQ'ni, adj. {comp. pu'nler, superl. puniest)
spirit, water, sugar, lemon-juice, and spice. lit. bom after or late ; small ; feeble : inferior
[Hind, pantschSans, panchaka, consisting of in sire or strength. [Fr. puini. Sec Puirae.]
fivepancha, four or five.] Pup, See puppy, under. 1
Punch, punsh, v.t., to prick or piercewith something Pupa, pii'pa, Pupa, pup, n. lit. a baby, a child; an
sharp ; to perforate with a steel tool : to thrust insect enclosed in a case before its full develop
against 'Pr.p. punch'ing: pa.p. punched'.. ment, a chrysalis.pi. pupa, pupei'. [L. pupa,
a puncheon or tool : a blow or thrust, fSp. a girl, a doll, fern, offupus, a boy, a child.]
Punchar, punzar, to prickL. pungo, to prick.] pupil, pQ'pil, n., a little boy or girl; one under
puncheon, punsh'un, n, lit. a Punching or pricking ; the care of a tutor ; a scholar ; a ward : in law$
a steel tool with one end for stamping or perfor one under puberty: in anat., the apple of the
ating metal plates. [Fr. poinson; Sp. Punson.] eye, so called from the baby-like figures seen on
Puncheon, punsh'un, n., a cask; a liquid measure of it. [Fr. pupille, L. pupillus, pupilla, dims, of
84 gallons. [Bav. punzen, a cask.] pupus, boy. Pi/fa, girl.]
Punchinello, punsh-i-nel o, Punch, punsh, n. orig. a pupilage, pu pil-aj, n., slate ofbeing a pupil.
little chicken ; a title of endearment ; the short, pupillary, pupilary, pfi'pil-Iar-i, adj., pertaining t~
humpbacked figure of a puppet-show : a buffoon. a pupil or ward, or to the pupil of the eye.
[Fr. poiichinelle, It. pulcinella, dim. ofpulcina, puppet, pup'et, a small dill or image moved by
la.pullieenus, Pullus, a young animal, a chicken : wires in a show: one entirely under the control
of another. [Fr. poupie, a dollL. pupa. ]pup*
or from It. pollice, \,.polUx, the thumb, and so pet-ihow,
Tom Thumb.) a mock show or drama performed by
Punctate, pungk'tat, Punctated, pungk't5t-edt adj., pnppy. Puppets.
Pointed: in bot., punctured ; full of small holes. whelp.n. pup'i, n., a doll; a conceited young man : a
[L.punctum, a pointpungo, punctum, to prick.] pupp'ylnn, conceit in men.
Punctilio, pungk-til'yo, n. lit. a littlepoint ; a nice pup,pr.p.
pup, v.t., to bringforth puppies, as a bitch:
pupp'ing ; pa.p. pupped.
point in behaviour or ceremony ; nicety in forms.
[It. puntiglioL. punctum, point.] Pur,a cat
Purr,:pr.p.
pur, v.i.punning
to utter; Pa.fi.
a murmuring sound,(also
purrea.n. as
punctilious pungk-tif'yus, adj. attending to little
Points or matters ; very nice or exact in behaviour purring) the low, murmuring sound of a cat.
or ceremony ; exactor punctual to excess.adv. [from the sound.]
punctiliously.n. punctil'iousnesa.
Punctual, pungk'tu-al, adj. observant of nice Purblind, purblind, adj., so blind as to need !j
Pore over or look closely; near-sighted.adv.
Points, punctilious ; exact in keeping time and pur'blindly.n. pur'blindneea. \pnrt prob. corx.
appointments ; done at the exact time.adv. of Pore, to look closely, and Blind : or a com
punctually. [Fr. ponctuel, Prov. PunctalL. pound of Part and Blind, like Parboil.]
Punctum, a point.] purchas, v.t. lit. to chase or seek for; to
fate, fir; m, her; mine; mote; mute; mooa; then.
 purchasable
acquire : to obtain by paying : to obtain by
labour, danger, &c. : in law, to sue out or pro
cure :Pr.p. purchasing ; pa.p. purchased.n.
act of purchasing ; that which is purchased : any
mechanical power or advantage in raising or
moving bodies.. purchaser. [Fr. pourchasser,
to seek eagerly, pursuePour, for, chasser, to
chase.} See Chase,
purchasable, pur'chas-abl, adj., that may be pur
chased.
Pun, pQr, adj. [comp. purer, superl. purest . clean,
unsoiled ; unmixed : not adulterated ; real: free
from guilt or defilement ; chaste ; modest : mere ;
that and that only.adv. pure ly,n. pursues*.
[A. S. pur, L. purusSans. /, to make clean.]
Purge, purj, v.t., to make pure ; to carry off what
ever is impure or superfluous : to clear from
guilt : to evacuate, as the bowels : to clarify, as
liquors.v.i. to become pure by clarifying ; to
have frequent evacuations :Pr.p. purging ;
Pa.p. purged'. [L. purgepurus, pure]
purgation, pur-ga'shun, ., a Purging: in law, the
clearing from imputation of guilt. [L. purgalio.]
purgative, pur'ga-tiv, adj., cleansing; having the
power of evacuating the intestines.. a medi
cine that evacuates, [h. purgativus.]
purgatory, pur'ga-tor-i, adj., purging or cleansing ;
expiatory.. according to R. Catholic and some
eastern religions, a place or state in which souls
arc purified after death from venial sins. [L.
Purgatorius.]
purgatorial, pur-ga-tO'ri-al, adj. , pertaining topur
gatory.
purging, purj'ing, act ofcleansing or clearing.
Purify, pui^i-fT, v.t., to make pure: to free from
guilt or uncleanness : to free from improprieties
or barbarisms, as language.v.i. to become pure :
pr.p. purifying ; pa.p. puKifTed.. purinsr.
Purtficopurus, vu\<:,facio, to make.]
purification, pur-i-fi-ka'snun, act ofpurifying:
in B., the act of cleansing ceremonially byre-
moving defilement. [L. purification
purificatory, pu-rifi-ka-tor-i,a<#., tending topurify
or cleanse.
Purist, purest, n. one who ispure or excessively nice
in the choice of words.
purism, pfl/izm, n., pure or immaculate conduct or
style ; the doctrine of a purist.
Puritan, port-tan, n. one pretending to greatpurity
in religious life ; a dissenter in the time of Eliza
beth and the Stuarts, adj. pertaining to the
Puritans.
Puritanic, pur-i-tan'ik, Puritanical, pur-i-tan'ik-al,
adj., like a Puritan ; rigid ; exact.
Furit&nlim, purl-tan-izm, n., the notions or practice
of Puritan*.
purity, pflVi-ti, condition ofbeingPure.
Purl, purl, n. a soft murmuring sound, as of a
stream among stones : an eddy or ripple : a ripple
like edging, as of lace: in knitting, a waved
arrangement of stitches, two rounds : beer or ale
warmed and spiced.v.i. to flow with a mur
muring sound ; to ripple.r.l*. to fringe with a
waved edging:pr.p. purl'ing : Pa.p. purled'.
[Sw. porta, Dutch, borrelen, Ger. Perlen, to
bubble : from the sound.]
Purlieu, pur'lGO, n. orig. the grounds on the borders
of a forest free from the forest laws ; the borders
or environs of any place, [acc. to Wedgwood
from Fr. f>ouralUe, old Fr. pural/e, land severed
from a royal forest by perambulationpour, for
ward, and alter, to go. j
f.'ae, fir : me", her ; mine ;
Purvey
Purloin, pur-loin', v. t. lit. to carry away to a long
distance; to steal; to plagiarise:/^/, pur-
loin'ing ; Pa.p. purloined'.n. purloln'er. [old Fr.
purloignierPur, pour, for, eloigner, to carry
off, removeloin, L. longus, far.]
Purple, puVpl, n. a very dark-red colour ; a purple
dress or robe, orig. worn only by royalty ; a robe
of honour.adj. red tinged with blue : blood-
red; bloody.v.t. to dye purple; to clothe with
purple '.Pr.p. purpling; Pa.p. pur'plcd. [A.S.
purble, purpur; It. purpura, Gr. porpkura, the
purple-fish.]
Purport, pu/pOrt, n. lit. that which is carried or
conveyed; design; signification.v.i. to mean :
Pr.p. purporting ; Pa.p. purported, [old Fr.
pttr, pour, for, and porter, \,.perto, to carry.)
Purpose, pu^pos, ., that which a person sets
before
v.t. himself as an endto; aim
have; intention
: effect,
to intend.v.i. an intention:
pr.p. purposing ; Pa.p. purposed, [old Fr.
Purpos, proposX,. Propositumpro, before, and
pono, Positum, to place, to set.] See Propose.
purposeless, pur'pos-Ies, adj., without purpose or
effect ; aimless.
purposely, pur'pos-li, adv., 'with purpose or design;
intentionally.
Putt, Purring. See Pur.
Purse, purs, . a small bag for money, orig. made of
skin: a sum of money : a treasury.v.t. to put
into a purse : to contract as the mouth of a purse :
to contract into folds :Pr.p. purs'ing ; Pa.p.
pursed'. [ Fr. bourse ; old Fr. borsc ; low L.
bursa, byrsaGr. byrsa, a skin, a hide.]
purser, purser, n. in the Royal Navy, an officer
who has charge of the purse or money, &c. of a
man-of-war.n. purs'ership.
purse-proud, purs'-proud, adj., proud ofone's purse
or wealth ; insolent from wealth.w. purse'-pride.
Purslaln, Purslane, purs'lan, ft. an annual plant,
frequently used in salads, [old Fr. porcelaine;
It. porcellana ; L. portutaca.]
Pursue, pur-su', v.t., tofoltoiv onwards in order to
overtake ; to chase ; to prosecute : to seek : to
imitate ; to continue :/r./. pursQ'ing ; Pa.p.
pursued'.n. pursu er, one who pursues : in Scots
law, a plaintiff. [Fr. poursuivre, L. prosequor,
-secutnmpro, onwards, sequor, to follow.]
pursuant, pur-sQ'ant, adj. done pursuing or seek
ing any purpose ; hence, agreeable.
pursuance, pur-sQ'ans, ., the act of pursuing or
following out ; process ; consequence.
pursuit, pur-siit', ., the act ofpursuing, following,
or going after ; endeavour to attain : occupation.
purtulruit, pur'swi-vant, ., a pursuer or luwer ;
a state messenger ; an attendant on the heralds ;
one of 4 junior officers in the Herald's College.
[Fr. poursuivant.]
Pursy, purs'i, adj., pushed out; puffy; fat and
short: short-breathed.n. purs'iness. [Fr. pous-
sif, old Fr. pourcif broken-windedpousser,
old Fr. pourcer, to push.] See Push.
Purteuaaee, pur'tcn-ans, ., that which pertains or
belongs to: in />'., the intestines of an animal.
[See Appurtenance.]
Purulence, &c. See under Pns.
Purvey, pur-va', v.t., to provide, esp. with conveni
ences ; to procure.v.i. to provide; to buy in
provisions :pr.p. purveying ; purveyed'.
[Fr. pourvoir; old Fr. proveotr-rl*. providee*)
mOte ; mute ; moon ; Men.
 mrveyance, pur-va'ans, /A* orr" ofpurveying:
procuring of victuals : the royal prerogative of
pre-emption, now abolished.
purveyor, pur-va'or, n., one who provides victuals ;
an officer who formerly exacted provisions for
the use of the king's household : a procurer ; a
Pas, pus, that which has become putrid; white
of a sore. [L. Pus, Puris, matter ; akin
to Gx.pyos, and Sans, rootpay, to become putrid.]
purulence, pu'rOD-lens, pnxulency, pu'ruo-len-si, *.,
theforming ofpus or matter ; pus.
purulent, pu'rCO-lent, adj., consisting of, full of, or
resembling pus or matter.adv. pu'rulently.
postals, pus'tul, n. a small pimple containing pus.
[Fr.L. pusrulaL. pits.]
pustular, pus'tu-lar, pustulous, pus'tu-lus, adj.,
covered with pustules.
postulate, pus'tQ-lat, v.t*, toform into pustules I
Pr.p. pus'tulating ; pus'tulated.
Puseyism, pu'zi-izm, the Principles of Dr Pusey,
and others, who wish the Church of England
restored to what it was on its separation from the
Church of Rome. n. Pu'aeylte, one who holds the
views of Dr Pusey.
Push, poosh, v.t., to thrust or beat against; to
drive by pressure : to press forward ; to urge.
F.i. to make a thrust ; to make an effort ; to press
against : to burst out :pr.p. push'ing ; pa.p.
pushed'.. a thrust ; an impulse ; assault :
effort ; exigence. [Fr. pousser ; Prov. polsar
L. pulso, inten. of fwllo, pulsum, to beat.]
pushing, poosh'ing, adj. , pressing forward in busi
ness ; enterprising ; vigorous.
Pusillanimous, pu-sil-an'i-mus, adj., having a little
mind l mean-spirited ; cowardly.adzi. pusillan'-
imously.ns. pusillan'lmousneis, pusillanim ity. [L.
j>usi/lauimispusillus, very little (pusus, dim.
ofpuer, a boy), and animus, the mind.]
Puss, poos, n. a familiar name for a cat; a hare, in
sportsman's language. [Dutch, poes, puss; lr.
and Gael, pus, a cat.]
pussy, poos'i, n. a dim. ofPus*.
Pustular, Pustule, &c. Sec under Pus.
Put, poot, v.t., to push or thrust; to drive into ac
tion : to throw suddenly, as a word : to set, lay, or
deposit : to bring into any state : to offer ; to
propose: to apply: to oblige : to incite : to odd.
v.i. to place ; to turn :P*".p. putting (poot'l ;
pa.p. put. [Dan. ptttte, to put, to put into; W.
pwtian, to poke, to thrust ; Fr. bouter. It.
kuttare, to thrust : a form uf Butt, to strike.]
Putative, pii'ta-tiv, adj., supposed; reputed. [L.
putn.th>usputo, putatum, to suppose.]
Putrefaction, Putrefy, &c. See under Putrid.
Putrid, pfi'trid, adj., stinking; rotten; corrupt.
ns. putrid'lty, pa'tridnees. (L. pntridusputer,
jhttris, roUcnputeo, akin to Gr. puthd. Sans.
puy, to stink. See Pus.]
putrefy, uuire-fl, v.t., to make putrid or rotten ;
to corrupt.tm'. to become putrid ; to rot :Pr.p.
pQ'trefying ; pa.p. pu'trehed. [Putrid, andJacio,
factum, to make.]
putrefaction, pu-trc-fak'shun, the act ax process
ofputrefying ; rottenness; corruption,
putrefactive, pil-tre-fak'tiv, adj., Pertaining to or
causing Putrrjaction. n. putrefac tiveneas.
putrescent, pu-tresent, adj., becoming putrid; per
taining to putrefaction. . putrea'cence.
Putty, put'i, n. an oxide of tin, or of lead and tin
fate, far ; me, her ; mine ;
" used in polishing glass, &c. prob. so called from
the pot used in melting U : a cement, of " '
and linseed-oil, used in j-1
to fix or fill up with, putty :pr.p. putt'yuag ;
pa.p. putt'ied. [Fr. poUe, pottee, brass, &c
burnt or calcinated.]
Puzzle, puz'l, v.t., to Pose; to perplex.v.i. to be
bewildered :Pr.p. puzz'ling ; pa.p. puzzled.
u. perplexity: something to try the ingenuity, as
a toy or riddle.n. puzz ler, [dim. of Pose.]
puzzling, puz'ling, adj., posing; perplexing.
Pyebald. Sec Piebald, under Picture.
j, pT'garg, . lit. white-rumped; akind ofante
lope. [Gr. pygargospyge, rump, argos, white,]
Pygmy, pig'mi, . lit. a being the size of a fist;
one of a fabulous dwarfish race of antiquity:
a dwarf; any diminutive person or thing. [Fr.
Pygmie; L. Pygmeei, Gr. Pygmaioi, the pyg
miesPygmiy the fist, the distance from the
elbow to the knuckles = 13$ inches.]
pygmean, pig-m'ant pygmy, pig'mi, adj., pertain
ing to or like a pygmy; dwarfish ; diminutive.
Pylorus, pi-lo'rus, n. the inferior opening of the
stomach guarding, as it were, the entrance to
the bowels.adj. pyloric. [Gr.pyle, an entrance,
and ouros, a guardian.]
Pyramid, pir'a-mid, ft. a solid figure on a triangular,
square, or polygonal base, with triangular sides
meeting in a point :pi. ' the pyramids* or great
monuments of Egypt. [Fr. Pyrumide ; Gr. pyra-
mis, pyramidos, derived by the ancients from
Pyr, a flame, because of its pointed shape : also
from Pyros, wheat, from a wheaten loaf so
shaped : but probably an Egyptian word.]
pyramidal, pi-ram'i-daf, pyramidic, pir-a-mid'ik,
pyramldlcaJ, pir-a-midlk-al, adj., having the
form of a Pyramid.advs. pyramidally, pyra
mid lcaily.
Pyre, plr, . a pile of wood, &c. to be set on fire
at a funeral. [L. Pyra, Gr. Pyrapyr, fire ]
Pyrites, pi-rl'tez, n. a native compound of sulphur
with other metals, so called because it strikes
fire when struck against steel. [Gr,pyr, fire.]
pyrltic, pT-rit'ik or pir-tt'ik, pyntical. pi-i it'ik-ul,
adj., pertaining to or consisting ofPyrites.
Pyrogenons, pT-roj'cn-us, adj., produced by fire.
[Gr. pyrogenispyr, fire, and gen, root of gig-
nomai, to produce.]
Pyrometer, pi-rom'e-ter, ft. an instrument for mea
suring the expansion of bodies under fierce , tax/.
adjs. pyromet'ric, pyromet rlcal, [Gr. Pyr, fire,
and metron, a measure.]
Pyrotechnics, pir-o-lek'niks, Pyrotechny, pir'o-t< k-ni,
., the art of making fireworks. [Gr. pyr,
fire, and techxi, art.]
pyrotechnic, pir-o-tek'nik, pyrotechnics!, pir-c tek/-
nik-al, a/ij. , pertaining to fireworks, or tl e art
of making them. [te hny*
pyrotechnist, pir'o-tek-nist, n., one skilled in tyro-
Pythagorean, pi-thag-o-re"\in, adj., pertaini, g to
Pythagoras, a celebrated Greek philosoph x, or
to his philosophy.n. a follower of Pythaj ocas.
n. Pythag oriam, his doctrines.
Pythoness, nfthon-es, njem. the priestess c " the
oracle of Apollo at Pytho, the oldest naj ic of
Delphi, in Greece ; a witch.
Yythi*n,\iiiWi-a.n,asij., Pertaining to the Pyth\ ness:
noting one of the four great national fesliv Is of
ancient Greece, celebrated in honour of Aj iUo,
ij. preteitui
future events like the Pythoness.
mote ; mute ;
 Pythonism qualification
pythonism, pith'on-izm, n. the art of predicting ciphers. [Fr. ;L. quater, four times, and low
events by divination.. Pyth'ouUt. L. millio, a million.]
Pyx, piles, n, in the R. C. Church, the sacred box Quadrlnomial, kwod-ri-no'mi-al, adj. in math., con
in which the host is kept after consecration : a sisting offour divisions or terms.n. an expres
box containing sample coins of every coinage sion of four terms, [from L. quatuor, four, and
Gr. nomi, a divisionnemd, to distribute.]
made at the mint, the weight and fineness of Quadroon, kwod-rCon', n. a person qua r/er-blooded ;
which axe tested at intervals.v.t. to test the
weight and fineness of, as the coin deposited the offspring of a mulatto and a white person.
[Fr. quarteronL. quatuor, four.]
in the pyx \pr.p. pyx'ing ; pyxed . [L., Quadruped, kwod'rOo-ped, . a four-footed animal.
Ot.pyxts, a boxpyxus, L. buxus, the box-tree.] [L. quatuor, four, and pes. Pedis, a foot.]
quadrupedal,kwocl-rOT'pe-dal, adj., havingfourfeet.
Quadruple, kwod'rGO-pl, adj., fourfold.n. four
Q times the quantity, or number.v.t. to increase
Quack, kwak, v.t., to cry like a duck; to boast : fourfold :Pr.p. quadrupling ;Pa.p. quadrupled.
[Fr. ; L. quaaruptusquatuor, four.]
to practise as a quack.v.t. to doctor by quack quadruplicate.
ery:^-./, quack'ing ; pa.p. quacked'.n. the v.t. to make kwod-rSo'ph-kal, adj., madefourfold
cry of a duck: a boastful pretender to skill quadruplicatingfourfold ; to double twice ;pr.p*
; /a./.quadru'plicated.rr.quad-
which he does not possess, esp. medical skill ; a rupllca'tlon. [L. quadruplicatequatuor, four,
mountebank.appertaining toquackery; used and plico, plicatus, to fold.]
by quacks. [Ger. quaken, Dutch, kwakken, to
croak like a frog, duck, &c. from the sound, Quaff, kwaf, v.t., to drinkfrom a cup ; to swallow
like the Gr. koax, a croak, L. coaxo, to croak.] in large draughts.v.i. to drink largely :Pr.p.
quackery, kwak'er-i, n. the pretensions or practice quaffing; fa.p. quaffed'.. quaffer. [Scot.
of a quack, especially in medicine. queff. quaich, a small drinking*cup ; lr., Gael.
Quadragesima, kwod-ra-jes'i-ma, n. Lent, or the cuach, a cup : probably from the sound.]
forty days of fast before Easter. [L. quadra- Quagga, kwag'a, n. a quadruped of South Africa,
gesimus, fortiethquadraginta, fortyquatuor, like the ass in form and the zebra in colour.
Tour.] See Pom*. [Hottentot, quagga, guacha.]
qtiadrageiimal, kwod-ra-jes'i-mal, adj. belonging to Quaggy. Sec under Quagmire.
or used in Lent.
Quadrangle, kwod'rang-gl, n. in groin., a plane shakes ; kwag
Quagmire, mlr, n. lit. a mire that quakes or
wet, boggy ground that yields under the
figure having/or equal sides and angles', a feet. [obs. Quae, same as Quake, and Hire.]
square surrounded by buildings. [L. quadran-
gulumquatuor, four, and angulus, an angle.] quaggy, kwag i, adj., of the nature ofa quagmire;
quadrangular, kwod-rang'gfl-lar, adj., of theform Quail, kwal, v.i. lit. tounder
shaking or yielding the feet.
have one's blood curdled,
ofa quadrangle.adv. quadrangiuarly.
Quadrant, kwod rant, n. in geom., the fourth Part quail'ing ; pa.p. quailed', [obs.failE.inquail,
as from fear: to cower; to spirit :pr.p.
It. quag-
of a circle, or an arc of 900; an instrument con liare, Fr. cailler, L. coagulo, to curdle.] See
sisting of the quadrant of a circle graduated in Coagulate.
degrees, used for taking altitudes. [L. quadruns, Quail, kwal, n. a migratory bird like the partridge,
from quatuor, four.] common in Asia, Africa, and S. Europe, [old Fr.
quadrastal, kwod-rant a], adj., pertaining to, equal quaHie ; It. quaglia; Dutch, quackel ; low L.
to, or included in a quadrant. quaquila ; from the sound the bird makes.]
Quadrate, kwod'nit, adj., squared; having four Quaint, kwjuit,
equal sides and four right angles ; divisible into unusual ; oddadj. lit. acquainted, known ; neat ;
; whimsical.adv. quaint ly..
four equal parts: fig., balanced; exact: suited. quaint neas, (old Fr. cointe, neat, acquainted
n. a square or quadrate figure.v.i. to square L. cognitut, known, or Ger. kund, known : also
or agree with ; to correspond. [L. quadratus, given from L. comptus, trimmedcomo, to trim.]
pa.p. of quadro, to square, from quatuor, four.] Quake, kwak, v.i.t to shake;
quadratic, kwod-rat'ik, adj., pertaining to, con to tremble, esp. with,
taining, or denoting a square. cold or fear:Pr.p. quaking; pa.p. quaked'.
quadrature, kwod'ra-tur, ., a squaring: in geom., . a shake; a shudder.adv. quak'lngly. [AS.
the approximate finding of a square equal to a cwacian; Ger. quackeln; Dutch, kwakkelnz
curvilinear figure, or of the area of such a figure : from the sound.]
the position of a heavenly body when 90' distant Quaker, kwak er, ., one toko quakes; one of the
from another. Society of Friends, a religious sect founded by
Quadrennial, kwod-ren'yal, adj., comprising four George Fox, born in 1624, so called from the
years; once in four years. adv. quadrcnn'lally. enthusiastic shakings and convulsions of their
[L. quadrennis-quatuor, four, annus, a year.] preachers.
Quadrilateral, kwod-ri-lat'er-al, adj., having four Quakerism,, kwak'er-izm, n., the tenets of the
tides.. in geom., a plane figure having four Quakers.
sides. [L. quadrilaterusquatuor, four, and Qualify, kwoll-fl, v.t., to make of the quality or
la/us, latens, a side.] kind required ; to render capable or suitable ; to
Quadrillteral, kwod-ri-lit'er-al, adj., offour letters. furnish with legal power : to limit by modifica
[L. quatuor, four, and litem, a letter.] tions : to soften ; to abate ; to reduce the strength
Quadrille, kwa-dril' or ka-dril', n.\\\. a littlesquare; of: to vary :pr.p. qualifying: Pa.P. qualified.
a dance made up of sets of dancers containing n. qual ifier. [Fr. qualifier, from L. qualis, of
four couples each. [Fr. ; L. quadrula, dim. of such a sort, andfacio, to make.]
quadra, a squarequatuor, four.] qualification, kwal-i-fi-ka'shun, n., thaiwhich quali
Quadrillion, kwod-ril'yun, n. a million raised to the fies ; a quality that fits a person for a place, &c. ;
fourth power, represented by a unit with 34 abatement
fiUe, far; me, her; mine ; mOte ; mute ; mOOn ; Men.
 quality
quality, kwoTC-ti, n., thatpeculiar
which power:
makes aacquisi
thing
what it is; property;
tion : character ; rank ; superior birth or charac
ter. [L. qualitas, qualitatis.]
qualitative, kwol'i-ta-tiv, adj., relating to quality '
in chem., determining the nature ofcomponents.
Qualm, kw5m, . lit. a choking; a disposition to
vomit ; a sudden attack of illness : a scruple, as
of conscience. [A. S. ciucalm, pestilence, death ;
Ger. qualm, a disposition to vomit, smoke ; Sw.
qvalm, a suffocating heat ; Dan. quale, to choke.]
qualmiih, kwam'ish, adj., affected ivith qualm, or
a disposition to vomit, or with slight sickness.
Quantity, kwon'ti-ti, ., the amount of anything;
bulk ; size : a determinate amount ; a sum or
bulk ; a large portion : in logic, the extent of a
conception : in gram., the measure of a syllable :
in music, the relative duration of a tone : in
math. , anything which can be increased, divided,
or measured. [L. quantitas, quantitatisquan-
tus, how muchquam, how.]
quantitative, kwon'ti-ta-tiv, adj., relating to quan
tity; measurable in quantity: in diem., deter
mining the relative proportions ofcomponents.
Quarantine, kwor'an-ten, or -ten', n. the time, orig.
forty days, during which a ship suspected to be
infected with a contagious disease, is obliged to
forbear intercourse with the shore.v.t. to pro
hibit from intercourse from fear of infection :
Pr.p. quarantining ; Pa.p, quarantined. [It.
quarantina; low L. quadragintana'L. quad-
raginta, fortyquatuor, four.]
Quarrel, kworYel, n. lit. a complaint; an angry
dispute; a breach of friendship ; a brawl.v.i.
to dispute violently ; to fight ; to disagree :
Pr.p. quarrelling; pa.p. quarrelled.. quar/-
reller. [old E. and Fr. querele; It. and L. querela
queror, to complain.]
quarrelsome, kwor'rel-sum, adj., disposed toquarrel;
brawling ; easily provoked.n. quarrelsomeness.
Quarry, kworVi, n. a place where stones are squared
or dug for building or other purposes.v.t. to
dig or take from a quarry :pr'p. quarrying ;
Pa.p. quarried, [old Fr. quanire ; low L. quad
rariaquadrusj squarequatuor, four.]
quarryman, kworn-man, quarrier, kwor'ri-cr, a
man who works in a quarry.
Quarry, kworri, ., the entrails ofthe game given
to the dogs after the chase ; the object of the
chase ; the game a hawk is pursuing or has
killed ; a heap of dead game. [Fr. curie, old Fr.
corte, Prov. corada, the hound's fee, from L. cor,
cordis, the heart.]
Quart, kwort or kwawrt, n., the fourth part of a
gallon, or two pints ; a vessel containing two
pints. [L. quartus, fourthquatuor, four.]
quartan, kwortan, adj., of or belonging to the
fourth ; occurring every fourth day, as an inter
mittent fever or ague. [L. quartanus.]
quarter, kwortcr, ., a fourth part ; the fourth
part of a cwt. = a8 lbs. :of a ton, = 8 bushels :
of a chaldron of coal :of the year :of the
moon's period:of a carcass including a limb:
of the horizon ; a cardinal point ; a region of
a hemisphere : a division of a town, &c. : place
of lodging, esp. for soldiers ; mercy grantea to a
disabled antagonist, from the idea of the captor
sending the prisoner to his quarter or lodging:
naut., the part of a ship's side between the main
mast and the stern.z'.l., to divide into four
equal parts; to divide into parts or compart-
fate, far ; me, her ; mine ;
41a
Queen
ments: to furnish with quarters; to lodge; to
furnish with entertainment: in her., to bear as
an appendage to the hereditary arms :pr.p.
quartering; Pa.p. quartered. [Fr. quartier;
L. quartariusquartus.]
quarter-day, kworter-da, n the ! im day i.f a quar
ter on which payment of rent or interest is made.
quarter-deck, kwortcr-dck, n. the part of the deck
of a ship at the quarter or between the stem
and the mainmast.
quarterly, kwor'ter-li, adj., relating to a quarter;
consisting of or containing a fourth part : once a
quarter of a year.adv. once a quarter.n. a
periodical published every quarter of a year.
quartermaster, kworter-mas-ter, n. an officer who
looks after the quarters of the soldiers, and
attends to the supplies: naut., a petty officer
who attends to the helm, signals, &c [Quarter,
and Master.]
quartern, kwortem, n. thefourth of a pint ; a gill,
quarter-sessions, kworter-sesh-uns, n.pl. county or
borough sessions held quarterly.
quarter-staff, kwortcr-staf, . a long staff or
weapon of defence, grasped at a quarter of its
length from the end and at the middle,
quartette, quartet, kwor-tet', ., anything infours;
a musical composition of four parts, for voices or
instruments; a stanza of four lines,
quarto, kwor'to, adj. having the sheet folded into-
four leaves.n. a book of a quarto size,
quaternary, kwa-ternar-i, adj., consisting offour;
by fours.. the number four. [L. quatemarius.]
quaternion, kwa-terni-on, n. the number four; a
file of four soldiers. [L. quatemio.]
quatrain, kwot'ran or ka'tran, ., a stanza offour
lines rhyming alternately. [Fr.]
Quartz, kworts, n. a mineral composed of pure
silica ; rock-crystal.adj. quartxose, kworts'os,
composed of or like quartz, [prov. Ger. quarz.]
Quash, kwosh, v.t. lit. to shake violently ,- to crush;
to subdue or extinguish suddenly and com
pletely; to make void:-/^/. quashing; Pa.p.
quashed'. [A.S. cwysan, Ft. casser, old Fr.
quasser, L. quasso, inten. of qua/to, to shake:
probably from the sound.]
Quassia, kwash'i-a, . a South American tree, the
bitter wood and bark of which are used as a
tonic, so called from a negro named Quassy who
first discovered its properties.
Quaternary, Quaternion, Quatrain, sec under Quart.
Quaver, kwS'ver, v.i., to shake ; to sing or play with
tremulous modulations '.pr.p. quS'vering ; pa.p.
qui'vercd. n. a vibration of the voice; a note
in music, = \ a crotchet or \ of a semibreve.
[from the sound, allied to Quiver.]
Quay, k, . a wharf for the loading or delivering of
vessels. [Fr. quai, Sp. cayo, Port, cars, a quay,
a bank, Dutch, kae, a dike, W. cae% an indo-
sure : also given from Key, thus meaning orig. a
space compacted together by beams and planks
as it were by keys.]
quayage, kC'aj, n. paymentfor use ofa quay.
Queasy, kwC'zi, adj., sick at the stomach ; inclined
to vomit ; causing nausea : squeamish. adv.
quea'tily.. queasines*. [Norw. queis, sickness
after a debauch. Ice.queisa, pains in the stomach.]
Queen, kwen, n, lit. a woman; the wife of a king:
a female sovereign : the chief of her kind. [A.2>.
cwen, Celt, coinne, Ice. quinna, a woman,
quan, a wife, old Ger. quena, Gr. gynl.]
mote ; mute ; mOOn ; Men.
 queenly
queenly, kwfinli, adj., like a queen; becoming or
suitable to a queen,
queen-mother, kwin-muM'er, ., a -dowager,
the motfur of the reigning king or qucea.
Queen's Bench. Same as Kind's Bench.
Queer, kwer, adj. {comfi. queerer, super!, queerest ,
lit. oblique ; odd ; singular ; quaint.adv. queer'ly.
n. queer neas. [A.S. thwer, Ger. quer.]
queerish, kweYish, adj., ratlier queer; somewhat
singular.
Quell, kwel, v.t. lit. to kill; to crush, subdue;
to allay : qucll'ing ; /a.p. quelled'..
quel^er. [A.S. cwellan. See Kill.]
Quench, kwensh, v.t. lit. to "waste atvay ; to put
out ; to destroy ; to check ; to allay :fir.fi.
quench'ing ; fia.fi. quenched'. [A.S. cwencan,
to quench, cwincan, old Ger. kwinka, to waste
away : akin to Wane.]
quencnable, kwensh'a-bl, adj.t that may be
quenched or extinguished.
quenchless, kwcnsh'lcs, adj., thatcannotbequenched
or extinguished . irrepressible.
Quern, kwern. Kern, kern, . a handmillfor grind
ing grain. [A.S. cwyrn, ctveorn. Ice. qu&rti,
old Ger. quim, Goth, quaimus ; Sans, chum,
to grind : probably connected with Chnrn.]
Querlmonioui, kwer-i-mOn'yus, adj., complaining;
discontented.adv. querimon louly.n, queri-
mon'iooineu. [L. querimonia, a complaining
queror, to complain-!
querulous, kwerTi-lus, adj., complaining; discon
tented ; mourning.adv. querulously,n. queru-
lotumeu. [L. querulus.]
Query, kwc'ri, n. , an inquiry or question : the mark
of interrogation.v.t. to inquire into; to ques
tion; to doubt of; to mark with a query.v.i.
to question :fr.fi. querying ; fia.fi. que'ricd.
. querist. [L. quare, imperative of quaro,
queesitum, to inquire.]
queet, kwest, ., the act of seeking; search; pur
suit ; request or desire.
qneition, kwcst'yun, n., a seeking; an inquiry ; an
examination ; an investigation ; dispute ; doubt ;
a subject of discussion.v.t. to ask questions
of; to examine by questions ; to inquire of: to
regard as doubtful ; to have no confidence in.
v.t. to ask questions ; to inquire :fir.fi. quest
ioning ; fia.p. questioned.n. quest'toner. LFr. :
L. quastioqu&ro, quasitum.]
questionable, kwest'yun-abl, adj., that may be
questioned; doubtful; uncertain; suspicious.
quest ionableness.adv. quest lemably.
queitlonary, kwestyun-ar-i, adj., asking questions.
questionlst, kwest'yun-ist, ., ./ questioner.
questor, kwest'or, n. lit. a seeker; a Roman magis
trate who had charge of the monetary affairs of
the state ; a treasurer.n. qneit'orebjp. [L.
q-uarstor, contr. of quasi/orqua'ro.]
Queue, kfl, n. a /a/Alike twist of hair formerly worn
at the back of the head. [Sec Cue.}
Qvib. kwib, same as Quip.
Quibble, kwibl, n. lit. a what youplease; a turning
away from the point in question ; an evasion, a
pun; a petty conceit. v.i. to evade a question
by a play upon words ; to cavil ; to trifle in argu
ment ; to pun :/r./.quibbling ; fia.fi. quibb'lcd.
n. qnlbbler. [L. quidlibet, what you please
quid, what, and libeo, to please.}
Quick, kwik, adj. , living, moving; animated ; lively ;
brisk: speedy; rapid; nimble; ready.adv.
fate, far ; me, her ; mine ;
Quilt
without delay ; rapidly ; soon.n. a living animal
or plant; the living; the living flesh ; the sensi
tive parts.adv. quickly.n. qulck'neas. [A.S.
civic, Ice. quikr (quika, to move), Ger. queck,
Goth, qvius, living, allied to L. vivo, vtctum,
Gr. biod, Sans, jiv, to live.]
quicken, kwik'n{ v.t., to make quick or alive; to
revive ; to remvigorate ; to cheer ; to excite ; to
sharpen; to hasten.v.i. to become alive; to
move with activity :fir.fi. quick'ening ; fia.fi.
quick'encd.n. quick'ener. [A.S. cwician?\
quicklime, kwik'lTm, ., lime in a quick or active
state ; carbonate oflime without its carbonic acid.
quicksand, kwik'sand, ., sand easily moved, or
readily yielding to pressure ; unsolid ground :
anything treacherous.
quickset, kwik'sct, . , a living plant set for a hedge ;
the hawthorn.adj. consisting of living plants.
v.t. to plant with quickset.
quickaightcd, kwik'slt-ed, adj., having quick or
sharp sight ; quick in discernment./!, quick '-
sightedness.
quicksilver, kwik'sil-ver, n. a fluid metal like liquid
silver, so called from its moving as if quick or
living ; mercury.
Quiddity, kwid'i-ti, ,, t/ie essence of anything;
any trifling nicety; a cavil ; a captious question.
[Fr. quidaite", low L. quidditasL. quid, what.]
Quiescent, kwT-es'ent, adj., being quiet, resting;
still ; unagitated ; silent.adv. quiescently. [Fr. ;
L. quiescens, -entis, pr.p. ofquiesco, quietum, to
rest, from quiet, rest, akin to L. cubo, Gr. keimait
Sans, ft, to lie.]
quiescence, kwl-es'ens, n., state of being quiescent
or at rest ; rest of mind: silence.
quiet, kwt'et, adj., at rest; calm ; tranquil ; smooth ;
peaceable ; gentle, mild, inoffensive.n. the state
of being at rest ; repose ; calm ; stillness ; peace ;
security.v.t. to bring to rest ; to stop motion ;
to calm or pacify; to lull; to allay:Pr.fi.
qufeting; fia.p. qul'eted. [L. quietusquiesco.]
quietism, kwl'et-um, ., rest of the mind; mental
tranquillity ; apathy : the doctrine that religion
consists in repose of the mind and passive con
templation of the Deity.n. quietist, one who
believes in this doctrine.
quietly, kwfet-H, adv., in a quiet manner; with
out motion or alarm ; calmly ; silently ; patiently.
quietness, kwl'et-nes, quietude, kwI'et-Qd, n.,a state
ofbeing quiet or at rest ; repose ; freedom from
agitation or alarm ; stillness ; peace ; silence.
Quill, kwil, n. lit. a reed; a reed-pen ; the feather
of a (joose or other bird used as a pen ; a pen :
anything like a quill ; the spine, as of a porcu
pine : the reed on which weavers wind their
thread ; the instrument for striking the strings of
certain instruments ; the tube of a musical instru
ment.v.t. to plait with small ridges like quills;
to wind on a quill .fir.fi. quill'ing;fia.fi. quilled'.
[Ger. kiel (old Ger. kit, a stalk), Dan. kiol, allied
to h* calamus, Gr. kalamos, a reed ; prob. akin
to L. caulis, a stalk, Gr. koilos, hollow.]
Quilt, kwilt, n. orig. a sack or case filled with
feathers, &c, for lying on : a bed-cover of two
cloths sewed together with something soft be
tween them; a thick coverlet.v.t. to make into
a quilt ; to stitch together with something soft be
tween ; to sew like a quilt :/>*>. quilt'ing ; fia.fi.
quilted. [Fr. coultre, It. coltra, L. cutctta,
culcitracalco, to tread-calx, the heel: also
given from W. cylch, a circle, cylched, what
mOte ; mute ; roOOn ; Men.
 Quinary Rabble
surrounds, bed-clothes, Gael, coilce, bed-clothes, Quiver, kwiv'er, v.i., to shake with slight and
Bret golched, a feather-bed.] tremulous motion ; to tremble ; to shiver :j*f\s*.
Quinary, kwfnar-i, adj., consisting of at arranged quivering; Pa.p. quivered. [Dutch, kuyverenZ
injives. [L. quinariusquinque, five.] akin to L. vibro, to vibrate ; from the sound.]
Quince, kwins, n. a fruit with an acid taste and Quixotic, kwiks-ot/ik, adj., like Don Quixote, the
pleasant flavour, much used in making tarts, &c knight-errant in the novel of Cervantes ; romantic
to absurdity.adv. quixot ically.
[Fr. coing. It. cotogna, L. eotoniaCydonia, a quixotism, kwiks'ot-izm, n. romantic and absurd
town in Crete, where it abounds.] notions, schemes, or actions like those ofQuixote.
Quinine, kwin-Tn', n. an alkaline substance, obtained Quolf,
from the bark of the Cinchona-trec, much used coverkwoif, a coif; a cap or hood.v.t. to
or dress with a quoif. [same as Coil. J
in medicine, [derivation the same as Cinchona.]
Qninquageslma, kwin-kwa-jes'i-ma, adj., fiftieth, Quoin, kwoin, n. lit. a coin ; in arch., a wedge used
applied specially to the Sunday 50 days before to support and steady a stone ; an external angle,
Easter. [I*. quinquagesima-quinquagiuta, fifty csp. of a building : in gun., to raise a cannon to
quinque, five.] the proper level : in print., to wedge the pages
quinquangular, kwin-kwang'gu-Iar, adj., having up within a chase, [same as Coin.]
five angles. [L. quinque, five, and Angular.]
quinquennial, kwin-kwenyal, adj\, occurring once ring kwoit,
Quoit, n. lit anything thrown violently; a
of iron for throwing at a distant point in
infive years; lasting five years. [L. quinquen- play. [W. coitan, coeten ; Scot coit, to butt,
naiisquinque, five, and annus, a year.] jostle ; Ice. kueita, to throw violently.]
Quinsy, kwin'zi, n. lit. a dog throttling; mnarn- Quorum, kwo'rum, n. lit of whom; a number of
matory sore throat, [old E. squinancy, Fr. the members of any body sufficient to transact
esquinancie, Gr. hynanchikydn, a< dog, and business, [the first word of a commission former
anchd, to press tight, to throttle.] ly issued to certain justices of whom ['quorum)
Quintal, kwin'tal, n. a hundredweight, either xia a certain number had always to be present when
or 100 pounds according to the scale. [Fr. ; low the commission met.]
L. centenariuscentum, a hundred.] Quota, kwo'ta, . lit. the how much or how many;
Quintessence, kwin-tes'ens, . orig. the fifth or the part or share assigned to each. [It ;L.
highest essence in a natural body ; the pure quoins, of what numberquot, how many.]
essence of anything ; a solution of an essential quote, kwot, v.t. lit to mark how much; to repeat
oil in spirit ofwine. [Fr. ; from L. quinta essentia, the words of any one ; to give the current price
fifth essence, orig. applied to ether, which was of:Pr.p. quoting; Pa.p. quoVcd.n. quot'er.
supposed to be purer than fire, the highest of [Fr. quoter, to mark ; It. quotare, to set in order
the four ancient elements.] See Essence. L. quoins.]
, Qulntilllon, kwin-til'yun, n. the fifth power of a quotable, kwGt'a-bl, adj., that may be quoted.
million, or a unit with 30 ciphers annexed. [L. quotation, kwo-ta'shun, n., act of quoting ; that
quintus, fifth, and Million.] which is quoted : the current price of anything.
Quintuple, kwin'tQ-pl, adj., fivefold: in music, Quoth, kwuth, v.t., say, says, orsaid:used only in
having five crotchets in a bar.v.t. to make the 1st and 3d persons present and past, and
fivefold 'Pr.p. quintupling ; P&P- quintupled. always followed by its subject. [A.S. cwosthan,
[L. quintuplexquintus, wth,p/ico, to fold.] to say ; akin to L. in-quit, says he.]
Quire, kwir, n. a collection of paper consisting of Quotidian, kwo-tid'i-an, adj., every day; occurring
twenty-four sheets, each having a single fold,
[old Fr. quaier; Dutch, quatem, a few sheets kind of agueanything
daily.n. returning daily : in need,, a
that returns daily. [L. quotidianus
stitched together ; low L. quatemio, a quarto quot, as many as, and dies, a day.]
sheet, from quatuor, four.] Quotient, kwO'shcnt, n. in math., the number which
Quire, kwir, old form of Choir. shews how often one number is contained in
Quirk, lewcric, n., a twist or turn, from the point another. [Fr. ; from L. quotums, quoties, how
or line : an artful evasion ; a quibble : a taunt ; a oftenquot.]
slight conceit, [obs. E. quirk, to turn ; Ger. quer,
xwerch, across, aslant.]
quirkish, kwerk'ish, adj. , consisting ofquirks. R
Quit, kwit, v.t. orig. to set at quiet or rest ; to re Rabbi, mbi or rabX Rabbin, rabln, n. lit. my mas
lease from obligation, accusation, &c ; to acquit : ter; lord; sir: a Jewish title of a doctor or ear-
to depart from ; to give up : to perform complete
ly \~~pr.p. quitt'ing ; Pa.p. quitt/ed.adj. in B., pounder of the law.in //. rabbis (*iz), raWhw.
[Gr. ; Heb. rabi, from rabh, great, a chief]
set free ; acquitted; released from obligation. rabbinic, rab-bin'ik, rabbinical, rab-bin'ik-al, adj.,
To be quits, to be even with one.To quit one's pertaining
sell, in 3., to behave. [Fr. quitter, It. quitare, learning, andto language.
the rabbis or to their opinions,
low h.quietare, from L. quietus, quiet.] Sec Quiet. rabbinism, rab'in-izm, n., the doctrine or teaching
quite, kwit, adv. lit. in a may that quits or sets of the rabbis; a rabbinic expression.
one free ; completely ; wholly; entirely.
quit-rent, kwitZ-rent, n. in law, a rent on manors by rabbinist, rab'in-ist, n., one who adherrs to the
Talmud and traditions of the rabbis.
which the tenants are quit from other service.
quittance, kwit'ans, ., a quilting or discharge from Babbit, rab'it, n. a small rodent quadruped resem
a debt or obligation ; acquittance. bling the hare, which burrows in the ground.
Quiver, kwiv'er, n, a case for arrows, [old Fr. [Dutch, robbe, robbeken.]
cuivre; old Ger. kohhar ; A.S. cocer ; Ger. Babble, rab'l, n. lit. a raving crowd ; a disorderly,
kbcher; Ice. kogur.] noisy crowd : a mob : the lowest class ofpeople.
quivered, kwiv'erd, adj.,furnished with a quiver; [Dutch, rabbelen, to gabble ; low L. rabmo, to
sheathed, as in a quiver. make a noiserabo, to rave.]
fate, fax; me", hex; mine; mOte ; mute ; mSOn ; Men.

rabid, rab'id, adj.* raving; furious; mad.adv.
rabidly n. rab ldneu. [L. rabidusrabies, rage
rabo.\
Baca, raTca, adj. , empty, worthless :a term of re
proach used by the Jews. [Chaldee, reyka, allied
to ruk, to empty.]
Raccoon, Racoon, ntk-kolm', . a carnivorous animal
of N. America, valuable for its fur. [Fr. raton,
for ratillon, dim. of rat, a rat.]
Race, ras, ft., a line; the descendants of a common
ancestor ; family ; a breed, or variety ; a herd :
peculiar flavour or strength, as of wine, shewing
its kind. [Fr. ; It. razza ; old Ger. reiza, Line :
also given from L. radix, a root]
racy, ras'i, adj., having a race or strong flavour
shewing its origin ; rich : exciting to the mind by
thought or language ; spirited.adv. rac'ily.
n. rac'ineK.
Race, ras, n., a running; rapid motion; trial of
speed ; progress ; movement of any kind : course
of action : the more rapid part of a river, &c ;
a canal to a water-wheel.v.i. to run swiftly ; to
contend in running '.Pr.p. racing ; Pa,p. raced'.
[A.S. roes, race, stream, rush; Ice. ras, a rapid
course, rasa, to run.]
rce-coars*, ras'-kors, n. the course or path over
which races are run.
race-horse, ras'-hors, n. a horse bred for racing.
racer, riser, ., one who contends in a race: a
race-horse.
Raceme, ra-sem', n. lit. a cluster ofgrapes : in hot. ,
a flower-cluster, as in the currant [L. ractmus,
akin to Gr. rax, ragos, a berry or grape.]
racemed, ra-smd', adj., having racemes.
Sack, rak, v.i., to stretch forcibly; to strain: to
stretch on the rack or wheel : to torture ; to ex
haust '.pr.P- racking; pa,p. racked'.. an in
strument for racking or extending ; an engine for
stretching the body in order to extort a confes
sion ; a framework on which articles are ar
ranged ; the grating above a manger for hay :
mech.t a straight bar with teeth to work with
those of z wheel : fig. extreme pain, anxiety, or
doubt [Ger. recken; Goth, ra&yan ; A. S. rarcan,
to stretch out the arm ; akin to Reach. )
rack-rent, rak'-rent, n. an annual rent extended to
the full value of the thing rented or nearly so.
Backet, rak'et, n. a strip of wood with the ends
together, covered with *c*/-work, and having a
handleused in tennis; a snow-shoe.v.t. to
strike, as with a racket. [Fr. roquettc ; It.
rncchetta, for retichetta, from L. reticulum, dim.
of rete, a net]
Back-rent. Sec under Rack.
Baey. See under Race, a line.
Radial, Radiance, Radiate, &c. See under Radios,
bole, Radian. See under Radix,
ra'di-us, . litthea centre
rod, ortoray: in geom.,
aight line from the circumfer-
j of a circle : anything like a radius, as the
spoke of a wheel : in anat., the exterior bone
of the arm : in bot., the ray of a flower.in //.
I, ra'di-T. [L.]
ra'di-al, adj. shooting out like a ray or
~4s: pertaining to the radius of the forearm.
. ra'di-ant, adj., emitting rays of light or
neai ; issuing in rays ; beaming with light ; shin
ing.n. in optics, the luminous point from which
fight emanates : in from., a straight line from a
point about which it is conceived to revolve.
fate, far ; me, her ; mine ;
Ragout
adv. ra'dlantly. [L. radians, -antis, pr.p, off
radio, radiation, to radiateradius.]
radiance, ra'di-ans, radiancy, ra'di-an-si, n., quality
ofbeing radiant ; brilliancy ; splendour.
radiate, ra'di-at, v.i., to emit rays of light; to-
shine ; to proceed in direct lines from any point
or surface.v.t. to send out in rays :pr.p.
ra'diating ; Pa.p. r&'diated. [L. radio, -alum.']
radiation, ra-di-a shun, ., act of radiating; the
emission and diffusion of rays of Ught.or heat.
Radical, &c See under Radix.
Radix, ra'diks, n. lit that whichgrows ; a root; a,
primitive word : the base of a system of logar
ithms. [Li., radix, radicis, prob. akin to Sans.
ridh, to grow. See Boot. ]
radical, rad'i-kal, adj., pertaining to the radix,
root, or origin ; original ; reaching to the prin
ciples ; implanted by nature ; not derived ; serv
ing to originate : in bot., proceeding immediately
from the root : in politics, ultra-liberal, democra
tic.n. a root : a primitive word or letter ; one
who advocates radical reform, a democrat : in
chem. , the base of a compound.adv. radically.
n. rad'lcalneu.
radicalism, rad'i-kal-izm, ., theprinciples or spirit
ofa radical or democrat.
radicle, rad'i-kl, n., a little root; the part of a seed
which in growing becomes the root
radiih, rad'ish, n. fit. a root; an annual the root
of which is eaten raw as a salad.
Raffle, rafl, n~ a kind of lottery in which all the
stakes are seised or taken by the winner.v.t. to
try a raffle vpr.p. raffling ; P**p- raffled..
raffler. [obs. E. raff, Fr. rafter, to sweep away,
Ger. raffel, an iron rake;raffen, A.S. rcajian,
to seize.]
Raft See under Rafter.
Rafter, raffer, *. lit a support; a beam supporting
the roof of a house,v.t. to furnish with rafters.
[A.S. rafter, a beam, prob. from rafnian, to
bear; Ice. raftr, a beam; Dan. raft, a pole.]
raft, raft, n. a collection of planks fastened together
for a support on the water ; planks conveyed by
water.. raftsman, one who guides a raft.
Rag, rag, n., that which is torn; a fragment off
cloth ; anything rent, or worn out. [AS. hracod,
raggedracian, to rake, to tear: Gael, rag;
akin to Gr. rakos, a ragged garment.]
ragged, rag'ed, adj., torn or worn into rags : having
* a rough edge : wearing ragged clothes : intended
for the very poor: in B., rugged.adv. raggedly.
n. ragg'edneu.
ragstone, rag'stOn, ragg, rag, n. an impure lime-
stone, so called from its ragged fracture.
ragwort, rag'wurt, *. a large coarse weed with a
yellow flower, so called from its ragged leaves.
[Rag, and A.S. wyrt, a plant.]
Rage, raj, ., violent excitement ; enthusiasm, rap
ture : anger excited to fury.v.i. to be furious
with anger : to exercise fury, to ravage ; to pre
vail fatally, as a disease : to be violently agitated,
as the waves :Pr.p. rag'ing ; pa.p. raged . (Fr. ;
Sp. rabut, L. rabiesrabo, to rave ; akin to
Sans, rabh, to be agitated, enraged.]
raging, raj'ing, adj. acting with rage, violence, or
fury.adv. rmg'lngly.
Ragout, m-gStf, n. a dish ofmeat highly seasoned
to txcite tlte appetite : something agreeable. [Fr.
ragouter, to restore the appetiteL. as if re*
ad-gustusre, again, ad, to, gustus, taste.]
4*5
 Eaid rancour
Said, Rade, r3d, n. lit a riding into an enemy's Bakehell, raVhel, n. a rascal or villain ; a debauchee.
country ; a hostile or predatory invasion. [Scotch ; [old E. rakel, rakle ; Ger. rakel, rekel, a cur,
A.S. rod, a ridingridan, to ride.] a rascal : or from Fr. racaille. See BaicaL]
Bail, ral, . lit. a straight piece of timber ; a bar raklaa, rak'ish, adj., like a rake; dissolute; de
used in enclosing fields, &c. ; a narrow planlc on bauched.adv. rak'iihly.
a snip's upper works ; one of the iron bars on Bally, rail, v.t., to re-ally or gather again; to
which railway carriages run.v.t. to enclose with collect and arrange, as troops in confusion : to
rails:pr.p. railing ; Pa.p. railed'. [Ger.riegrl, recover.vd. to reassemble, esp. after confu
L. regularego, to rule, guide, keep straight.] sion : to recover wasted strength \pr.p. ralfy-
railing, raring, n. a fence of posts and rails; ma ing ; Pa.p. rallied (id).n. act of rallying ; re
terial for rails. covery of order. [Fr. rallierL. ret again.
railroad, ral'rOd, railway, ral'wa, a road or way alligo, to bind.} See Ally.
laid with iron rails on which carriages run. Bally, rail, v. t. , to attack with raillery ; to ban
Ball, ral, v.i. to make a rattling noise, to brawl ; ter.v.i. to exercise raillery :pr.p. raH'ying ;
to use insolent language:Pr.p. railing; pa.p. Pa.p. rallied. [Fr. railler. See Bail, v.i.]
railed'.n. a genus of wading birds, whose cry Bam, ram, .a male sheep : in astr., Aries (L., the
has a scraping or rattling sound. [Fr. raler, to ram), one of the signs of the zodiacv.t. to
have a noise in the throat ; Sp. rallar, to grate, thrust with violence, as a ram with its head ; to
to scrape, E. rattle : Fr. rattier, Port. ralhar, force together ; to drive hard down :Pr.p.
to bluster, to scold.]
raillery, ral'er-i, railing or mockery; banter; ramming ; pa.p. rammed'. [A.S. ram, ramm;
Ger. rammrammen, rammeln, to cover the
good-humoured irony. female, said of sheep, cats. &c. : or akin to Ice.
Baiment, ra'ment, n. that in which one is arrayed rfimr, strong.]
or dressed ; clothing in general, [contr. of obs. ramrod, ram'rod, n.t a rod used in ramming or
arraymantArray.] charging a gun.
Bain, run, ., that which wets; water from the Ramble, ram'bl, v.i. to go about in an excited state ;
clouds.v.i. to fall from the clouds ; to drop like to go from place to place without object ; to visit
rain.v.t. to pour like rain :pr.p* rain'ing ; many places : to be desultory, as in discourse :
Pa.p. rained'. [A.S. regen, ren, rain; rignan, pr.p. ram'bling ; Pa.p. ram'bled.n. a roving
rinan, Ger. regnen, Gr. hraind, to rain ; akin to from place to place ; an irregular excursion.n.
L. rigo, Gr. brechd, to wet.] ram'bler. [Ger. rammeln, to be lustful and
rainbow, ran'bO, n. the brilliant-coloured bow or wanton : or conn, with Bamp, Romp, and Bap, to
arch seen when rain is falling opposite the sun* seize.]
rain-gage, -gauge, ran'-gaj, n.t a gauge or instrument rambling, ram'bling, adj. moving about irregularly ;
for measuring the quantity of rain that falls. unsettled : desultory.
rainy, ran'i, adj., aboutiding with rain; showery. Rameoos, r.Vme-us, adj. in hot., belonging to or
Raindeer, same as Reindeer. growing on a branch. [L. rameusramus, a
Balse, raz, v.t., to cause to rise; to lift up; to set Branch.]
upright : to originate or produce : to bring to ramify, ram'i-fl, v.t., to make or divide into
gether : to cause to grow or breed : to produce ; branches.v.i. to shoot into branches ; to be
to give rise to : to exalt : to increase the strength divided or spread out '.Pr.p. ramifying ; Pa.p.
of; to excite : to recall from death: to cause to ramified. [L. ramus, a branch, facio, to make.]
swell, as dough:fir.p. raislpg; Pa.p. raised'. ramification, ram-i-fi-ka'shun, n. division or separa
[A.S. rteran, rotsianrisan, to rise. See RUe.] tion into branches ; a branch ; a division or sub
Bittln, ra'zn, n., a berry; a dried grape. [Fr. : division : in bot., manner of producing branches.
Prov. razain, razim ; L. racemus, the stalk of ramose, ra-moV, ramons, ra'mus, adj., branchy: in
a bunch of berriesGr. rax, ragos, a berry, bot., branched as a stem or root
akin to radix, a branch or stalk.] Ramp, ramp, v.i., to scramble, climb, or creep, as a
Bajah, ra'ja or raja, n. lit. a ruler; a native prince plant ; to leap or bound :Pr.p. ramping ; Pa.p.
or king in Hindustan. [Hind, roya, Sans, rajan ramped'. n. a leap or bound. [Fr. ramper, to
raj, to govern : L. rex, Gael, righ, a king.] creep, It. rampart, to clamber, to creep, conn,
Bake, rak, v.t., to scrape with something toothed ; rampant, with Rap, to seize.]
to draw together; to gather with difficulty; to usual bounds ram'pant, adj., ramping or overgrowing
level with a rake : to search diligently over ; to standing on the; hind-legs.adv.
overleaping restraint : in her.,
f>ass over violently : naut., to fire into, as a ship, ramp'ancy, ramp'antly.n.
cngthwise.v.i. to scrape, as with a rake; to ramper.] state of being rampant. [Fr., pr.p. of
search minutely ; to pass with violence :pr.p.
faking ; Pa.p. rakea.n. an instrument with Rampart, rampart, that which defends frvrn
teeth or pins for smoothing earth, &c. [A.S. assault or danger : infort., a mound or wail sur
racianrace, a rake ; Ger. rcchen, Ice. reka, a rounding a fortified place. [Fr. rempart, a
rakeraka, to scrape, collect: acc. to Wedg rampart, se remparer, to intrench one's selfL.
wood, from the sound of scraping or scratching.] paro, to prepare, keep off.] Sec Parapet, Parry.
Bake, r3k, n. a rascal, contracted from Bakehell. Ramrod. See under Ram.
Bake, r3k, naut., the projection of the stem and Ran, past tense of Ron.
stern of a ship beyond the extremities of the Rancid, ran'sid, adj., having a rank or putrid.
keel ; the inclination of a mast from the perpen
dicular. [A.S. racan, to reach, extend, Ger. smelt, as old oil ; pr.p. sour. adv. ran'cidly. fL. ran-
ragen, to project ; akin to Gr. oregd, Sans, rtj, cidusrancens,
putrid. See Rank, adj.]
of obs. ranceo, to ba
to reach or stretch.] rancidness, ran'sid-nes, rancidity, ran-sid'i-ti, tkt
rakiah, rak'ish, adj., having a rake or inclination quality ofbeing rancid ; a musty smell, as of oiL
of the masts.adv. rak'iahly. rancour, rangltur, n. lit. a rancid smell or flavour :
fate, far ; rat, her ; mine ; mOte ; mute ; mSOn ; then*
4*6
 rancorous
anold grudge; spite; deep-seatedenmity: violence.
[L. rancor;
rancorous, rancidness,
rang'kur-us, an old grudgeranceo.]
adj.,fullofrancour spite
ful; malicious.adv. ran coroualy.
Random, ran'dum, adj., done 'with urgency or
vehemence ; done or uttered at hazard ; left to
< h.(Ticc -adv. at random, with urgency or haste ;
without direction ; by chance, [old fe. randon,
A.S. randun ; old Fr. a randon, at random,
randon, urgency, haste ; Prov. randa, extremity
old Ger. rand, Ice. rond, margin, extremity.]
Bangs, ranj, v.t., to rank or set in a row; to place
in proper order : to rove or pass over ; to sail in a
direction parallel to.v.i. to be placed in order;
to lie in a particular direction : to rove at Urge;
to sail or pass near :f>r.p. ranging ; /a./,
ranged'.n. a row or rank : a class or order : a
wandering: room for passing to and fro; space
occupied by anything moving : natural or
acquired power to comprehend Knowledge : the
horizontal distance to which a shot is carried : the
long cooking-stove ofa kitchen : in B.t a chimney-
rack. [Fr. ranger, to rangerang, a rank ; from
the root of Rank, Back, and Reach. J
ranger, ranj'er, n., one who ranges, a rover ; a dog
that beats the ground;, an officer who superin
tends a forest or park.n. raju/erahlp.
rank, rangk, ., that which is ranged; a row or
line, esp. of soldiers ; class or order : grade or
degree; station; high social position.v.t. to
place in a line ; tc range in a particular class ;
to place methodically.v.i. to be placed ina rank;
to nave a certain degree of elevation or distinc
tion \fr.p. rank'ing; Pa.p. ranked'. [Fr. ranger
rang, a rank.)the ranks, the order of common
soldiers.rank and Hie, the whole bodyofcommon
soldiers.
Banlns, rS'nln, adj., pertaining to or like a frog.
I L. rana, a frog.]
Bank, a row. Sec under Range.
Sank, rangk, adj., grmving high and luxuriantly;
coarse From excessive growth : raised to a high
degree ; excessive : causing strong growth ; very
fertile : strong scented ; strong tasted ; rancid :
strong.adv. rankly.n. ranknacs. [A.S. ranc,
fruitful, rank ; Dan. rank, upright; Ger. rank,
slender, lank ; L. rancidus, strong smelling.]
rankle, rancid, v.i., to grow more rank or strong ;
to be inflamed ; to fester : to be a source of dis
quietude or excitement ; to rage :/r./. rankling ;
pa.P. rankled.
Ransack, ran'sak, v.t., to seek or search for plun
der; to search thoroughly; to plunder \pr.p.
ran'sacking ; Pa.p. ran'sacked. [A.S. ran, plun
der, and secan, to seek : Ice. ransaka, to explore,
to examinerannr, Goth, razns, a house, and
s&kia, to seek.]
Ransom, ran'sum, . lit. redemption or a buying
back : price paid for redemption from captivity or
punishment: release from captivity.v.t. to re
deem from captivity, punishment, or ownership :
Pr.p. ran'soming; pa.p. ran'somcd.n. ran'-
aoxoer. [Fr. randon; It. redenzioneL. redemptio
re, back, emo, emptum, to buy.]
ransomleas, ran'sum-les, adj., without ransom; in
capable of being ransomed.
Bant, rant, v.i., to rave in violent or extravagant
language ; to be noisy in words '.Pr.p. rant'ing;
Pa.p. ranr/ed. n. boisterous, empty declamation.
[Ger. ranten, to rave ; Gael., Ir. ran, a noise.]
fate, fir : me, her ; mine ;
1A
rarefy
ranter, ranr'er, ., one who rants; a noisy talker;
a boisterous preacher.
Ranunculus, ra-nunglcO-Ius, or ra-nun', n, lit. a little
frog; a genus of plants, including the crowfoot,
buttercup, &c. so called by Pliny because some
>grow where frogs abound.//. ranun'cuJusee. [L.
dim. oiranula, a little frograna, a frog.]
Bap, rap, v.t. and i., to strike with a quick blow ;
to knock '.Pr.p. rapp'ing ; Pa.p. rapped'.n. a
sharp blow: a knock. [Sw. rappa, to strike;
Gr. rapis, a rod : imitative of the sound.]
rapper, rap'er, n., one who raps; a door-knocker.
Bap, rap, v.t., to seize and carry off: to transport
out of one's self; to affect with rapture '.pr.p.
rapp'ing ; Pa.p. rapped' or rapt. [Dan. rappe, to
snatch away ; old Ger. rapen, to snatch up ; akin
to L. rapio. Sans, rabh, to seize.)
nipt, rapt, adj., lit. carried away : raised to rap
ture ; transported ; ravished.
raptorial, rap-tt/ri-al, adj., seizing by violence, as
a bird of prey.
rapture, rap tur, n., a seizing and carrying away;
extreme delight ; transport ; ecstasy.
rapturous, rap'tflr-us, adj., seizing and carrying
away ; ecstatic ; transporting.adv. rap'turously.
Rapacious, ra-pi'shus, adj., seizing by violence ;
given to plunder : ravenous : greedy of gain.
adv. rapa'donaly.n. rapa'ciousneas. [L. rapax,
rapacisrapio, rapium, to seize and carry off;
akin to Gr. harfazd, Sans, rabh, to seize.]
rapacity, ra-pas'i-ti, n., the quality of being rapa
cious; imvenousness : extortion.
Rapine, rap'in, or 'in, ., act ofseizingand carrying
awayforcibly ; plunder : violence, [from L. rapio.J
Bape, rap, n., the act ofseizing by force ; violation
of the chastity of a female, [from L. rapio.]
Rapid, rap'id, adj., seizing; hurrying along ; very
swift ; speedy.n. that part of a river where the
current is more rapid than usual (gen. in //.).
adv.np'ldlj.n. rap'idnesa. [L. rapidusratio.]
rapidity, ra-pid'i-ti, state or quality qf being
rapid; swiftness ; velocity.
Bapper. See under Bap, v.t. and i.
Bape, rip, w. a plant nearly allied to the turnip,
cultivated for its herbage and oil-producing seeds.
[L. rapa, rapum; Gr. rapys, the turnip.]
rape-cake, rap'-kak, n.,cake made ofthe refuse after
the oil has been expressed from the rape-seed.
rape-oil, rap'-oil, oil obtained from rape-seed.
Raphaelism, rafa-el-izm, n. the principles of paint
ing introduced by Raphael, the great Italian
painter, 14831530.n. BaphaeUW, rafa-el-It,
one who follows the principles of Raphael.
Rapid, &c. See under Bap, to seize.
Rapier, rS'pi-er, n. a light sword with a very narrow
blade used only in thrusting. [Fr. rapiire, Sp.
raspadera, a rasper, as we would say, a poker,
in contempt]
Rapine. See under Bap.
Bappee, rap-pi', n. a kind of snuff, manufactured
from the veins and fibres of dried tobacco, separ
ated from the thin parts of the leaf by the rasp.
[Fr. rapiraper, to rasp. See Rasp.]
Rapt, Raptorial, Rapture, &c. See under Bap, to
seize.
Bare, rar, adj. [comp. rar'er, superL rai'est), thin ; of
a loose texture ; not dense : uncommon : excel
lent; extraordinary.adv. rawly. rare'neta.
[Fr.; Dutch, roar; Ger.rarL.rarus, rare,thin.]
rarefy, rar'e-fI or ra're-fT, v.t., to make rare, thin,
mate ; mute ; mGon ; Men.
47
 rarefaction
or less dense : to expand a body.v.i. to become
thin and porous \pr.p. rar'efying ;Pa.p. rar'ened.
[L. rams, rare, facie, to make.]
rarefaction, rar-e-fak'shun or ri-re-fak'shun, met
ofrarrfying; expansion of aeriform bodies,
rarity, rarl-ti, or rar', ., state ofbeing rare ; thin
ness ; subtilty : something valued for its scarcity ;
uncommonness.
Rascal, raslcal, ., the scrapings and refuse cf any
thing; a mean or dishonest fellow ; a knave ; a
villain. [Fr. racmxlle, Dutch, racalie, raepalie,
the scum of the peopleFr. racier, Dutch,
raepen, to scrape ; Ice. raska, to scrape.]
rascality, ras-kal i-ti, n., act orpractice ofa rascal;
villainy : the mob. [worthless ; base.
rascally, raslcal-i, adj., like a rascal; mean ; vile ;
Witt, rfx, v.t., to scrape; to scratch or blot out ; to
efface ; to cancel : to level with the ground ; to
demolish ; to ruin (in this sense Rasa is generally
used} \-~pr.p. ras'ing ; Paf. rased'. [Fr. raser
L. roda, rasum, to scrape.]
ranre, ra'zhCr, n., act of scraping, shaving, or
erasing; obliteration: an erasure,
Bath, rash, adj. (comp. rasher, tupert. rash'est),
rushing; hasty; sudden; headstrong; incau
tious.. a slight eruption on the body.adv.
rashly.n. rashness. [Dutch ; Ger. rasch, rapid ;
Dutch, raschen, to hasten ; A.S. hrysan, to rush.]
Rasher, rash'er, n. a thinslice ofbroiled bacon. [W.
rhasg, a slice.]
Rasorlal, ra-zO'ri-al, adj. belonging to an order of
birds which scrape the ground for their food, as
the hen. [low L. rusar, a scraperL. rado,
rasum, to scrape. ] See Rase.
Rasp, rasp, . a coarse file, used in scraping a. sur
face.v.'. to rub with a rasp :pr.p, rasping;
pa.p. rasped', [old E., old Fr. rasperasper. It.
raspare, to grateold Ger. raspon. Dutch,
raspen, to scrape together : or from L. rado,
rasum, to scrape.]
rasper, rasp'er, n., one who or that which rasps.
raspberry, raz'ber-i, n. a kind of bramble, so called
from its rasping prickles ; its fruit,
Rarare. See under Bass.
Rat, rat, n. lit the gnawing animal; an animal of
the mouse kind, but larger and more destructive.
[A. S. rat; Ger. ratze; It. ratto ; Gael, radan, low
L. rafus, a rat, prob. allied to L. redo, to gnaw.]
rat, rat, v.t. to desert one's party and join their
opponents for gain or power, as rats are said to
leave a falling house :pr.p. ratting ; pa.p.
ratted.
Ratable, ftc. See under Rats.
Retch, rach, n. a rack or bar with teeth into which
a click drops ; a wheel which makes a clock
strike, [probably allied to Rack.]
ratchet, rach'et, . a bar acting on the teeth of a
ratchet-wheel ; a click or pall. [for a ratchet.
ratchet-wheel, rach'et-hwfil, n. a wheel having teeth
Rats, rat, n. a ratio or proportion fixedby calcu
lation ; allowance ; standard ; value ; price : the
class of a ship : movement, as fast or slow : a
tax.v.t. to calculate ; to estimate : to settle the
relative rank, scale, or position of.v.i. to make
an estimate ; to be placed in a certain class :
fr.p. rat'ing ; pa.p. rat'ed. [old Fr. ; It, low L.
rataL. reor, ratus, to calculate, to think
res, a thing.]
ratable, rira-bl, adj., that may be rated ox setata
certain value ; subjectto taxation.ns. ratabil ity,
fate, far ; mi, her ; mine ;
4*4
rattlesnake
rat'abloneo, quality of being ratableadv. rat
ably, [a rate or tax.
ratepayer, raVpa-er, n. one who is assessed saidpays
rats, rat, v.t., to tax one with a thing ; to scold ;
to chide '.pr.p. rating ; Pa.p. rat'ed.
Rather, raM'er, adv. lit earlier; quicker; more
willingly ; in preference : especially : more so
than otherwise ; on the contrary : somewhat,
I [A.S. rather, comp. of rath, early.]
Ratify, rat/i-fT, v.t., to makefirm ; to approve and
sanction ; to settle '.Pr.p. ratifying ; pa.p. rati
fied. [L. ratus, fixed by calculationreor, ratus,
to calculate, andfacie, to make. See Rats,]
ratification, rat-i-fi-ka'shun, n, , act ofratifying or
confirming ; confirmation.
Ratio, ra'shi-o, . lit calculation; the relation of
one thing to another. [L. ratio, calculation,
reason, the facultywhich calculatesreor, ratus.J
ration, ra'shun, n. the rate of provisions distributed
to a soldier or sailor daily ; an allowance.
Ratiocination, rash-i-os-i-na shun, or rat-, the act
or process of reasoning; deducing conclusions
from premises. [L. ratiocinatioratiocinor,
-atus, to calculate, to reason.]
Rational, rash'un-al, adj. , pertaining to the reason;
endowed with reason ; agreeable to reason :
sane ; intelligent ; judicious : in arith, and mlg.,
noting a quantity which can be exactly expressed
by numbers : iageog., noting the plane parallel
to the sensible horizon of a place, and passing
through the earth's centre.
rationale, rash-i-o-n.Vlc, or rS-, n. an account ofwith
reasons; an account of the principles of some
opinion.
rationalise, rash'un-al-Tz, v.t., to convert to ration-
alism; to interpret like a rationalistv.i. to rely
entirely or unduly on reason '.pr.p. nationalis
ing ; pa.p. ra'tionalTsed.
rationalism, rash'un-al-izm, n. the religious system
or doctrines of a rationalist.
rationalist, rash'un-al-tst, n. one guided in his opin
ions solely by reason ; especially one so guided
in regard to religion.
rationalistic, rash-un-al-istIk, rationallsUcal, rash-
vn~al-\s^'\\Lr^adj\tpertaining to or in accordance
with the principles of rationalism.
rationality, rash-un-al'i-ti, n,, quality of being
rational; possession or due exercise 01 reason ;
reasonableness.
Ratlins, Ratlin, ratlin, Rattling, ratling, n. one of
the small lines or ropes traversing the shrouds
and forming the steps of the rigging of ships.
Rattan, rat-an', n. a genus of palms having a
smooth, reed-like stem several hundreds of feet
in length : a walking-stick made of rattan : litems
of this palm used as a raft [Fr. ratan, rotir.,
rotang; Malay, rolan]
Ratten, rata, v.t. to take away a workman's tools
for not paying his contribution to the trades'
union, or for having in any way offended the
union:pr.p. rattening; pa.p. rattened. ['']
Rattle, rati, v.i. to produce rapidly the sound rar;
to clatter : to speak eagerly and noisily.v.t.
to cause to make a rattle or clatter : to stun with
noise :/r./. rattling ; pa.p. rattled.n. a sharp
noise rapidly repeated; a clatter: loud empty
talk : a toy or instrument for rattling, [old Ger.
" ratleln, Dutch, ratelen; Gr. krotalon,]
rattlesnake. rat'l-snSk, ft. a poisonous snake hiving
a number of hard, bony rings loosely jointsd at
the end of the tail, which make a rattling noise.
mote ; mute ; mCJOn ; then.
 Ravage
Banff*, rav'aj, v.t, to carry off by violence; to
pillage ; to destroy ifr.p. ravaging ; Pa.p.
ravaged.. plunder; devastation; ruin. [Fr.
ravir; Prov. ra/arL. rapio, to carry off by
force.]
ravager, raVaj-er, n., onewho ravages; aplunderer;
he or that which lays waste.
Rave, rSv, v.i., to be rabid or mad; to be wild or
raging,
utter wildlike exclamations
a madman : to talk/. irrationally
:/> ; to
raVing ; pa.p.
rived'. [Fr. rtver, to dream, to be delirious ;
L. rabies, madnessobs. rabo, to be mad, akin
to Sans, root rabh, to be exasperated ; Gael
rablm, idle talk.]
Ravel, rav'el, v.t. lit to speak confusedly ; orig. to
entangle ; to untwist or unweave.v.i. to be un
twisted or unwoven :pr.p. rav'eUing ; pa p.
rav'elled. [Dutch, ravelen, to ravel, to talk con
fusedly.]
Ravelin, ravTin, n. a detached work with two em
bankments raised before the counterscarp. [Fr. ;
It, rrveUino, prob. from L. vallum, a rampart.]
Raven, raVn, n. a kind of crxno, noted for its
croak and plundering habits.adj. black, like
m raven. [A.S. hrefen ; Ice. krafn; Dan. ravn;
Dutch, raven, to croak ; L. corvus, Gr. kordne,
a crow, from its cry.]
raven, rav'n, v.t. tit. to plunder like a raven; to
obtain by violence : to devour with great eager
ness or voracity.v.i. to prey with rapacity :
j*r./.rav/ening ;Pa.p. rav'ened-w.prey ; plunder.
ravening, rav'n-mg, n. in B., eagerness for plunder.
ravenous, rav n-us, adj. voracious, like a raven ;
devouring'with rapacity : eager for prey or grati
fication.adv. ravenously.n. ravenousness.
Ravin, in B.y same as raven, to plunder.
Ravine, ra-ve"n', n. a long, deep hollow, ivom
away by a torrent ; a deep, narrow mountain-
Siss. [Fr. ; from ravir, L. rmpio, to tear away.]
ee Rap, to seize,
ravish, rav'ish, v.t., to seise or carry away by
violence : to have sexual intercourse with by
force : to fill with ecstasy :pr.p. ravishing ;
P<x p. rav'ished.n. raVlaaer. [Fr. ravir,]
lavlihreeut, rav'ish-mcnt, act of ravishing: ab
duction ; rape : ecstatic delight ; rapture.
Saw, raw, adj. not altered from its natural state ;
not cooked or dressed : not prepared ; not mixed ;
not covered: sore: unfinished: bleak.adv.
rawly.n. rawness, [A.S. kreaw, Dutch, rotew,
Ice. hrar; Ger. roh, akin to L. crudus, raw.]
raw-boned, raw'-bond, adj. with little flesh on the
bones.
Ray, r3, n. lit. a rod, staff; a line of light or heat
proceeding from a point : intellectual light ; ap
prehension, [old Fr. rat; Sp. rayo; L. radius.]
Bay, ra. n. a class of fishes including the skate,
thornback, and torpedo. [Fr. rate ; Sp. raya ;
L. raia.]
Bate, raz, v.t. lit. to scrape, to shave; to lay level
with the ground ; to overthrow ; to destroy :
pr.p. raz ing ; Pa.p. razed'. SeeRaa*.
razor, ra'zor, n. a knife for shaving.
razor-strop, ra zor-strop, n., a strep for rotors.
Beach, rech, v.t., to stretch or extend; to attain
or obtain by stretching out the hand : to hand
over ; to extend to ; to arrive at ; to gain ; to in
cludev.i. to be extended so as to touch ; to
stretch out the hand ; to try to obtain \pr.p.
reaeb'ing ; Pa.p. reached'.. act or power of
fate, far; mi, her; mine ;
realism 1
reaching ; extent ; extent of force : penetration :
artifice ; contrivance : a straight portion of a
stream. [A.S. racan.] See Rack.
React, rC-akr*, v.i., to act again ; to return an im
pulse ; to act mutually upon each other. [L. re,
again, and Act.]
reaction, re-ak'shun, n., action back upon or resist
ing other action ; mutual action : backward
tendency from revolution, reform, or progress.
reactionary, re-ak'shun-ar-i, adj., for ex implying
reaction.
Read, red, v.i. lit. to speak, to interpret: to utter
aloud written or printed words ; to peruse : to
comprehend ; to study.v.i. to perform the act
ofreading'; to practise much reading : to appear
in reading '.pr.p. read'ing ; pa t. and Pa.p. read
(red). (A.S. rtrdan ; Ger. reden, to speak.]
read, red, adj. versed in books ; learned.
readable, rfd'a-bl, adj., thai maybe read; worth
reading.adv. readably.n. read'ablenesi.
reader, rOd'er, n.t one who reads ; one who reads
prayers in a church, or lectures on scientific
subjects : one who reads or corrects proofs : one
who reads much : a reading-book.n. read'ershlp,
the office ofa reader.
reading, rSd'ing, adj., addicted to reading.n. act
of reading ; perusal : study of books : public or
formal recital : the way in which a passage reads:
an interpretation of a passage or work.
reading-book, rcd'ing-book, n. a book of exercises
in reading.
reading-room, rSd'ing-rtJOm, . a room with papers,
&c. resorted to for reading.
Readdress, rf-ad-dres', v.t., to address again or a
second time. [L. re, again, and Address.]
Readily, Readiness. See under Ready.
Readjonrn, rS-ad-jurn', v.t., to adjourn again or a
second time. [L. re, again, and Adjourn.]
Readjust, rC-ad-just', v.t., to adjust or put in order
again. (L. re, again, and Adjust.]
Readmit, rc'-ad-mit', v.t., to adenit again. [L. re,
again, Admit.]
readmistlon, rc-ad-mish'un, n., met ofreadmitting ;
state of being readmitted.
Ready, rcd'i, adj. tit arranged, set in order; pre
pared at the moment : prepared in mind ; will
ing : not slow or awkward ; dexterous ; prompt ;
quick: present in hand: at hand; near; easy:
on the point of.adv. in a state of readiness or
preparation.adv. read'uy.n. read'lneei. [A.S.
raa, rod; Dutch, grreed; Dan. rede, ready,
prepared ; Sw. reda, Scot, red, to set to rights,
to put in order.]
ready-made, red'i-mad, adj., made and ready for
use ; not made to order. [Ready, and Made.]
Reagent, rC-S'jent, n. a substance that reacts on and
detects the presence of other bodies ; a test. [L.
re, again, and Agent.]
Real re"al, adj. lit, relating to the thing; actually
existing; not counterfeit or assumed; true;
fgenuine : in law, pertaining to things fixed, as
ands or houses, [low L. realisres, a thing.]
realise, rG'al-Tz, v.t., to make real; to bring into
being or act ; to accomplish : to convert into real
property : to obtain : to impress strongly upon the
mind ; to feel strongly ; to bring home to one's
own experience :Pr.p. rfi'allsing ;/ajkri'alTsed.
realisable, rcYal-Tz-a-bl, adj., thai may be realised.
realisation, re"-al-i-za'shun, n., act of realising or
state of being realised,
realism, real-izm, n. the doctrine that in external
mute ; mate ; mOOn ; Men.
4i9
 reality
perception the objects immediately known are
real existences.n. re alist, one who holds the
doctrine of realism.adj. realistic, re-al-ist'ik,
pertaining to the realists or to realism.
reality. rfi-aPi-ti, n., state ofbeing real .* that which
is real and not imaginary ; truth ; verity : in law,
the fixed, permanent nature of real property.
really, real-b, adv., in a real manner; in truth.
Eeaim, relm, n., a regalor royaljurisdiction ; king
dom : province ; country, [old Fr. realme, from
a L. form regalimenregalis, royal. Sec Regal. ]
Keaity, real-ti, n. same as reality in law.
Ream, rem, n. lit. something tied with a strap; a
quantity of paper consisting of 20 quires. [Dutch,
riem, a strap or thong ; Fr. rame ; It. risma.}
Reanimate, re"-an'i-mat, v.t., to animate again; to
restore to life ; to infuse new life or spirit into ;
to revive..reanim*'tlon. [L.,again,Anlmate.]
Eap, rep, v.t. lit. to pluck; to cut, as grain; to
clear off a crop : to gather : to receive as a re
ward.V.i. to cut grain, &c. : to receive the fruit
of labour or works :/*./.reap'ing;/a./, reaped'.
n. reaper. [A.S. ri/an ; Goth, rau/jan, Ger.
raufen, Dutch, roopen, to pluck ; akin to L.
rapio, to seize.]
Reappear, re-ap-per', v.i., to appear again or a
second time. [ L. ?r, again, and Appear.]
Hear, rrj n. , that which is behind; the back part :
the last part of an army or fleet, [old Fr. Here,
Prov. reire, It. and L. retro, behind, from re,
back, and suffix tro, denoting motion.]Rear-
admiral, an officer of the third rank, who com
mands the rear division of a fleet.Rearguard,
troops whichprotect the rearof an army.Rear-
rank, the hindermost rank of a body of troops.
Rearward, in B. Rereward, the rtar-guard.
Sear, rer, v.t. orig. to raise; to bring up to maturity :
Co educate : to stir up.v.i. to rise on the hind-
legs, as a horse :pr.p. rearing ; pa.p. reared',
[a form uf Raise ; A.S. rtrran, to raise.]
Bear, Rearmouse, same as Rere, Reremouse.
Reason, re'-zn or r"-zun, n. lit. a calculation:
that which supports or justifies an act, &c. ; a
motive ; proof; excuse ; cause : the faculty of the
mind by which man draws conclusions, and de
termines right and truth : the exercise of reason ;
just view of things ; right conduct ; propriety ;
justice.v.i. to exercise the faculty of reason;
to deduce inferences from premises: to argue ;
to debate: in B., to converse.v.t. to examine
or discuss ; to debate : to persuade by reason
ing:Pr.p. rea'soning ; Pa.p. rea'soned. n.
reMoner.By reason of, on account of; in conse
quence of. [Fr. raison; Sp. razon ; L. ratio,
rationisrear, ratus, to calculateres, a thing.]
reasonable, re"zun-abl, adj., endowed with reason;
rational : acting according to reason : agreeable
to reason ; just : not excessive ; moderate.adv.
rea'sonably.n. rea'sonableness.
reasoning, re'zun-ing, n., act of reasoning: that
which is offered in argument; course ofargument.
Reassemble, re-as-sem'bl, v.t. and u, to assemble or
collect again* { L. re, again, and Assemble.]
Reassert, rC-as-sert', v.t., to assert again. [L. re,
again, and Assert.]
Reassure, r5-a-shCoV, v.t, to assure anew; to give
confidence to ; to insure an insurer. [L. re, again,
and Assure.]
reassurance, r-a-sho"or'ans, n., repeatedassurance :
a second assurance against loss.
fite, fir; me, her; mine ;
420
Recapture
Reave, rev, v.t., to rob, bereave, or take away by
violence reav'ing ; pad. and Pa.p. reft.
[A.S. refian,to rob : conn,with L. rapio. SeeRob.]
Rebaptiee, rS-bap-tlz', v.t, to baptize again or a
second time. [L. re, again, and Baptise.]
Bebatement, rg-bat'ment, (obs.) a beating back ;
deduction ; diminution, [from Fr. rebattre% to
beat backL. re, back, battuo, to beat.]
Rebel, re-bel', v.i. lit. tofight oftor shake off sub
jection: to renounce authority, or to take up
arms against it ; to oppose any lawful authority :
"Pr.p. rebelling ; Pa.p. rebelled'. (L. rebello
re, off, away, and bello, to fight, to make war
bellum, war, orig. dueHum, a contest between
twoduo, two.]
rebel, reb el, n., one who rebels.adj. rebellious.
rebellion, re-bel'yun, act of rebelling; open
opposition to lawful authority ; revolt.
rebellious, re-bcl'yus, adj., engaged in rebellion.
adv. rebeU'ionsly.n. rebeil lousnees.
Rebound, r6-bound', v.i., to bound or start back ; to
be reverberated.v.t. to drive back ; to reverber
ate.n act ofrebounding. [L. re, back. Bound.]
Rebuff, re-buf, n., a beating back ; sudden resist
ance : sudden check ; defeat : unexpected refusal.
v.t to beat back ; to check ; to repel violently ;
to .'refuse :pr.p. rebuffing ; pa.p. rebuffed'.
[L. re, back, and old Fr. buff, a blow, from the
sound.] Sec Buffet.
Rebuild, rS-bild', v.t, to build again; to renew.
[ L. re, again, and Build. ]
Rebuke, re-buk', v.t. \\\.do stop the mouth of; to
chide or reprove : in B., to chasten :pr.p. re-
bQk'ing ; pa.p. rebuked'.n. reproof for faults;
reprimand : in B., chastisement : reproach; per
secution.n. rebuk'er. [perh. from Fr. rebomcher
boucher, to stop or stuffdouche, L. buccxs,
the cheek.]
Rebus, r'bus, n. an enigmatical representation of a
word or phrase by pictures of things : in her., a
coat of anus bearing an allusion to the name of
the person. [L., from res, rei, a thing.]
Rebut, re-bur/, v.t, to butt or drive back: in law,
to oppose by argument or proof.v.i. in /aw, to
return an answer :pr.p. rebutt'ing : pa.p. re
butted. [Fr. rebuterre, back, and old Fr.
bouter. Sec Butt.]
rebutter, re-but'er, n., that which rebuts; a plaint
iff's answer to a defendant's rejoinder.
Recall, re-kawl', v.t, to call back ; to command to
return : to revoke : to call back to mind ; to
remember.n. act of recalling or revoking. [L.
re, back, and Call.]
Recant, re-kant', v.t lit to sound or singback; to
contradict, as a former declaration ; to retract.
v.i. to revoke a former declaration ; to unsay
what has been said :pr.p. recanting ; pa.p. re-
cant'ed.n. recant'er. [L. re, back, and Cast.]
recantation, re-kan-ta'shun, n., act of recanting;
a declaration contradicting a former one.
Recapitulate, re-ka-pir/u-lSt, v.t, to go over again
the heads or chief points of anything. [L. rrca-
pitulo, -atumre, again, and capitulum, dim.
of caput, the head.]
recapitulation, r-ka-pit-Q-la'shun, n., act ofrecapit
ulating; a summary of main points.
recapitulatory, re-ka-pit O-Ia-tor-i, adj., repeating
again ; containing recapitulation.
Recapture, rS-kap'tur, v.t, to capture back or re
take, esp. a prize from a captor.n. act of retak
ing ; a prize retaken. [L. re, back, and Capture ]
mOte ; mute ; nOOa ; Men.
 Hecast He-collect
Recast, ri-kast', v.t., to cast or throw again; to reciprocity, res-i-prosl-ti, state of being recipro
cast or mould anew ; to compute a second time. cal; mutual obligations : action and reaction.
[L. re, again, and Cast.] Recite, re-sit', v.t. lit. to call or cry out again, as
Recede, re-scoV, v.t., to go orfall lack; to retreat ; something already prepared ; to repeat aloud ;
to give up a claim.v.t. to cede back, as to to narrate: to recapitulate '.pr.p. reciting;
a former possessor. [L. recede, recessusret Pa.p. reclr*ed.n. reclt'tr. [L. re, again, and
back, and cede, to go. ] See Cede. cito, citatum, to call, from cieo, to move.]
recess, re-ses', n.t a going back or withdrawing ; re recital, re-slt'al, n., act of reciting/ rehearsal:
tirement : state of being withdrawn; seclusion: that which is recited ; a narration.
remission of business : part of a room formed by recitation, rcs-i-ta'shun, act ofreciting; a pub
a receding of the wall ; private abode. lic reading ; rehearsal.
recession, re-sesh'un, ., act ofreceding ; a ceding recitative, res-i-ta-teV, adj. , Pertaining to musical
or giving back. recitation; in the Style ofrecitation.n. language
Receipt. See under Receive. delivered in the sounds of the musical scale : a
Receive, re-seV, v. t. lit. to get back ; to take what piece of music for recitation.
is offered, &c. : to accept : to embrace with the Reck, rek, v.t., tocarefor; to regard. [A.S. recan,
mind ; to assent to : to allow ; to give accept from rec. care ; Dutch, roecken; Ice. raekja.]
ance to : to give admittance to; to welcome or reckless, rekles, adj., careless ; heedless of conse
entertain : to hold or contain : in law, to take quences.adv. reck'Ieesly.n. reck lessness.
goods knowing them to be stolen : in B., to bear Reckon, retell, v.t. lit. to say or tell; to count : to
with, to believe in :pr.p. receiving ; pa.p. place in the number or rank of ; to account ; to
received'. [Fr.recevoir; It. ricevere ; h.recipio, esteem.v.i. to calculate ; to charge to account :
receptumre, back, and capio, to take.] to make up accounts ; to settle : to pay a penalty :
receipt, re-set', n., act of receiving: place of re reckoning ; /.*./. reckoned.n. reck oner.
ceiving : power of holding : a written acknow
ledgment of anything received : that which is [A.S. recan, recnan, to say, tell ; old Ger. rtchen,
to say; Goth, rahnjan; Ger. rechnen.]
received: a recipe.v.t. to give a receipt for; reckoning, rek'n-ing, ., an account of time ; settle
to sign :pr.p. receipt"ing ; /a./, reciipt'ed. ment of accounts, &c. ; charges for entertain
receivable, re-seVa-b), adj., that map be received. ment : naut., a calculation of the ship's position :
receiver, re-sfiv'er, n., one who receives ; in chem., in B., estimation.
a vessel for receiving and condensing in distilla Reclaim, re-klajn', v.t. lit. to cry out against; to
tion, or for containing gases ; the glass vessel of demand the return of; to regain ; to bring back
an air-pump in which the vacuum is formed.
receptacle, re-scp'ta-kl, n. , that into which anything from a wild or barbarous state, or from error or
is received or contained: in hot., the basis of vice ; to bring into a state ofcultivation ; to bring
into the; todesired condition ; tooutmake tame :
or
a flower. [ing or ofbeing received. gentle reform.v.i. to cry or exclaim
receptJbility.re-sep-ti-bil'i-ti, n.,possibility ofreceiy- pr.p. reclaiming ; pa.p. reclaimed'. [L. re, again,
receptlon, re-scp'shun; ., act ofreceiving; admis and clamo, to cry out.]
sion : state of being received ; a receiving or reclaimable, re-klam'a-bt, adj., that may be re
manner of receiving for entertainment ; welcome. claimed, tamed, or reformed.adv. reclaim'ably.
receptive, re-sep'tiv, adj., having the quality of reclamation, rek-la-ma'shun, n., act ofreclaiming;
receiving or containing : in phi/. , capable of re
ceiving impressions.. receptivity, quality of' state of being reclaimed ; demand ; recovery.
being receptive. Recline, re-klln', v.t., to lean or bend backwards ;
recipe, res'i-pe, n. lit. take, the first word of a to lean to or on one side.v.i. to lean ; to rest
medical prescription ; the prescription itself ; any or repose :Pr.p. reclining'; pa.p. reclined'. [L.
formula for the preparation of a compound.in reclinore, back, and clino, to bend.]
pi. recipes, rcs'.-per. [L. imperative o( recipio.} Recluse, re-kloTJs7, adj., closed or shut itf>; secluded ;
recipient, re-sip'i-ent, ., one who receives. retired ; solitary.n. one shut up or secluded ;
Recent, rC'sent, adj., new; of late origin or occur one who lives retired from the world ; a religious
rence ; not long parted from ; _ fresh ; modern : devotee living in a single cell generally attached
in geol., subsequent to the existence of man. to a monastery. [L. reclusus, pa.p. ot recludo
tftfz/.recently.n. re'eentness. [L. recens, recentis.] re, inten., and claudo, to shut]
RecepUcle, Receptlbillty, Reception, Receptive. See Recognise, rek'og-nTr or rek'o-nlz, v.t., to know
under Receive. again ; to recollect ; to acknowledge '.pr.p.
Recess, Recession. Sec under Recede. rec ognlsing ; Pa.p. rec/ognTsed. [L. recognosco
Recipe, Recipient. See under Receive. re, again, and cognosco, to know. See Know.]
Reciprocal, rc-sip'ro-kal, adj. lit. backward and recognition, rek-og-nish'un, n., act of recognising;
state of being recognised ; recollection ; avowal.
forward; acting in return: mutual; given and recognisable,
received.n. that which is reciprocal : in math,, that may berek'og-nlz-a-bl or re-cog'ni-zabl, adj.,
recognised or acknowledged.
unity divided by any quantity. [L. reciprocus, recognisance, re-kog'ni-zans or re-konl-zans, n., a
prob. from reque proque, backward and for recognition ; an avowal ; a profession : a legal
wardre, back,/rv, forward, que, and.]
reciprocally, rc-sip'ro-kal-li, adv., in a reciprocal or or not do some particular act. a magistrate to do
obligation entered into before
mutual manner.
reciprocate, re-sip'ro-kiit, v.t. lit. to move backward Recoil, re-koil', v.i., to go or fall back; to start
andforward; to give and receive mutually ; to back ; to rebound ; to return : to shrink from :
requite '.Pr.p. reciprocating ; Pa.p. recip'ro- Pr.p. recoiling ; pa.p. recoiled', [old E. recule,
cated. [L. reciproco, reciprocatum.] Ft. reenterL. re, back,and cuius,theposteriors.]
reciprocation, re-sip-ro-k.Vsh.un, *., act of recipro Re-collect, r'-kol-lekt, v.t., to collect again.n.
cating ; interchange of acts : alternation. re'-collectlon. [L. re, again, and Collect.)
fate, fir ; me, her ; mine ; mute ; mute ; mOOn ; then.
 recollect Recruit
recollect, rek-ol-lekr', v.t., to colled again o: register or enrol ; to celebrate :Pr.p. recording ;
remember: to cause to be resolute or collected, pa.p. recorded. [L. recordore, back, and cor,
recollection, relc-ol-lck'shun, ., act of recollecting cordis, the heart]
or remembering : the power of record, rek'ord, n., that in which any thing is
memory : that which is recollected. recorded; a register ; a formal writing of any
Recommence, rc-kom-mens', v.t., to fact or proceeding ; a book of such writings : in
again.n. recommencement. [L. re, again. New Test., a witness.
Commence.] recorder, re-kord'er, one who records or regis
Recommend, rek-om-mend', v.t., to commend again ters ; the chiefjudicial officer of some towns.
or much ; to commend to another ; to bestow k. record'ermhlp.
praise on ; to introduce favourably ; to give in Recount, rS-kount*, v.t., to count again. [L. re,
charge ; to advise. [ L. re, again, and Commend.] again, and Count.]
recommendable, rek-om-mend'a-bl, adj., t/tat may Recount, re-kounr*, v.t., to tell over again ; to
be recommended; worthy of praise* narrate the particulars of; to detail. [Fr. re-
recommendation, rck-om-men-dii'shun, act of con/erre, and center, to tell, akin to compter,
recommendingi act ofintroducing with commen to count.] See Count
dation. Recourse, re-kors', n. lit a running bach ; a going
recommendatory, rek-om-mend'a-tor-i, adj., that to for aid or protection. [Fr. recours, L. re-
recommends ; commendatory. cursusre, back, and curro, cursum, to run.]
Secommit, re'-kom-mit', v.t., to commit again ; par Recover, re-kuv'cr, v.t., to take or obtain again;
ticularly, to send back to a committee.ns. re
commitment, recommittal. [L. re, again, Commit.] to get possession of again : to make up for; to
retrieve ; to cure ; to revive ; to bring back, to
Recompense, rek'om-pens, v.t., to weigh out in re
turn; to return an equivalent for anything; to any former state : to obtain as compensation ; to
repay or requite ; to reward ; to compensate ; to to regain any former state : intolaw,
obtain for injury or debt.v.i. regain health ;
to obtain
remunerate \~Pr.p. recompensing ; pa.p. recom a judgment:fr.p. recovering; >*.>. ri '
pensed.n. that which is returned as an equiva ered. [Fr. rttouvrer, L recuperarere,
lent ; repayment ; reward ; compensation ; remun- and capio, to take.]
[low L. recompense)re, in return, con, recoverable, re-kuvcr-abl, adj., that may be re
ad penso, to weigh. See Compensate.] covered or regained ; capable of being brought
, rel-kom-poY, v.t., to compose again or to a former condition : that may be obtained
v; to form anew ; to soothe or quiet. [L. re, from a debtor.
, and Compose.] recovery, re-kuv'er-i, n., the act ofrecovering^; the
<t rek'on-sll, v.t, to call or bring together act of regaining anything lost ; restoration to
to reunite ; to restore to friendship or health or to any former state : the power of re
to bring to agreement : to bring to covering anything.
ment ; to pacify : to make consistent ; to
adjust or compose :~-pr.pt reconciling : Pa.p. Recreant, rek're-ant, adj. lit going bach from or
changing one's belief; orig. crying for mercy, as
reconciled.n. reconciler. [L. re, again, and in combat ; yielding ; cowardly : false ; apostate ;
concilio, -attern, to call together-con, together, one who yields or cries for mercy ;
cole, Gr. haled, to call.} ited wretch ; an apostate ; a rene
reconcilable, rek-on-sil a-bl, adj., that may be recon gade, [old Fr. ; low L. rrcreditus, one van
ciled; that may be made to agree ; consistent, quished in judicial combat and forced to confess
reconciliation. rek-on-sil-i-a'shun, reconcilement, rek'- himself
on-sll-ment, act ofreconcilingt state ofbeing credo, to believe.] recrvdo, to retractre, back,
wrongL.
reconciled : renewal of friendship ; atonement ; recreancy, rck're-an-si, n. , the qualityofa recreant ;
the bringing to agreement things inconsistent or a yielding, mean, cowardly spirit.
at variance.
Recondite, re-kon'dit or rek'on-dlt, adj. lit. put Recreate, ri-kre-al', v.t., to create again or anew.
n. recrea'tlon. [L. re, again, and Create.]
together out ofthe way; secret ; profound. [L.
rtconditus, pa.p. of recondo, to put away together recreate, rek're-JLt, v.t. lit to create anew, as one's
re, and condo, to put togethercon, together, strength; amuse ; to
to revive; to reanimate ; to cheer or
refresh ; to delight.v.i. to take re
and do, to put] creation \~Pr.p. ree'reating ; Pa.p. recreated,
Reconnoitre, rek-on-noi'ter, v.t. lit to recognise; to recreation, rek-rc-5'shun, v., the act of recrem "*
survey or examine ; to survey with a view to or state of being recreated ; refreshment .
military operations :Pr.p reconnoitring ; pa.p. toil, sorrow, &c ; diversion; amuseme
reconnoitred. [Fr. reconnoitreL. recognosco. recreative, rck're-at-iv, adj., serving a? #
See Kecognlse]. refresh ; giving relief in weariness,&c. ; amusing.
v re-kon'5-zans, or -rans, n., the act Recriminate, re-krim'in-at, v.t., to criminate or
'tg; a survey or examination ; the accuse in return.v.i. to charge an accuserwith
f a tract of country with a view to a similar crime, [h. re, in return, and Criminate.]
military or engineering operations. recrimination, re-krim-in-a'shun, n., the act of re
Reconsider, re-kon-sid'er, v.t., to consider again; criminating or returning one accusation by
to review.n. reconsideration. [L. re, again, another ; a counter-charge or a
and Consider.] recriminative, re-krim'in-at-iv,
Reconstruct, rf-kon-strukt\ vJ., to constructagain; krim'in-a-tor-i, adj., rec,
to rebuild.. reconstruction. [L. re, again, accusations or charges.
and Construct.] Recruit, rc-krCOt', v.i. lit to grmv again; to obtain
Record, re-kord', v.t. to call back to the heart or fresh supplies ; to recover in health, &c. ; to
mind ; to imprint deeply in the mind ; to write enlist new soldiers.v. t. to repair ; to sopjply ;
anything formally, to preserve evidence of it ; to to supply with recruits \pr.p. recruit ing ;
Cite, fir ; me, her ; mine ; mOte ; mQte ; moTm ; Men.
 recruiting
pa.p. recruit'ed.n the supply of any want; a
newly enlisted soldier.n. recndt'er. [Fr. re-
cruter, old Fr. rrcroistrr, L. recrescore, again,
and cresco, to grow.]
recruiting, re-kruOt'ing, adj., obtaining new sup
plies : enlisting recruits.n. the business of
obtaining new supplies or enlisting new soldiers.
Rectangle, rekr/ang-gl, n. a four-sided figure with
right angles. [L. rectus, right, and angulus,
an angle.]
rectangled, rekt-ang'gld, adj., having right angles.
rectangular, rekt-anggu-Iar, adj., right-angled.
Rectify, rek'ti-fT, v.t., to make straight or right;
to adjust : to correct or redress : to refine by
distillation:Pr.p. rectifying; Pa.p. rec'tified.
[L. rectus, straight, right, andfacia, to make.]
rectiaable, rek'ti-fl-a-bl, adj., that maybe rectified
or set right.
rectification, rek-ti-fi-lci'shun, n., the act ofrectify
ing or setting right : the process of refining any
substance by repeated distillation.
rectifier, rek'U-fl-er, n., one who rectifies or cor
rects ; one who refines a substance t>y repeated
distillation.
Rectilineal, rek-ti-lin'e-al, Rectilinear, rek-ti-lin'e-ar,
adj. bounded by straight lines ; straight. [L.
rectus, straight, right, and linea, a line.]
Rectitude, rek'ti-tOd, ., tightness or stmightness ;
correctness of principle or practice ; integrity.
[L. rectitudertgo, rectum, to lead straight.]
Rector, rek'tor, n., a ruler; the parson of an un-
impropriatcd parish who receives the tithes : the
head master of a public school : the chief elective
officer of some universities, as in France and
Scotland : the head of a religious house.ns.
ree'torate, rectorship. [L.rego, rectum, to rule ;
akin to Sans, raj, to govern.]
rectoral, rek'tor-al, rectorial, rek-tO'ri-al, adj., per
taining to a rector, or to a rectory.
rectory, rek'tor-i, n. the province or mansion of a
rector.
Recumbent, re-kum'bent, adj., lying back; reclin
ing : idle.adv.
recumbency. [L.
cube, to lie down.]
Recuperative, re-ku'per-a-tiv, Recuperator?, re-ku'-
per-a-tor-i, adj., tending to recovery. [L. recu-
perativusrecufero, to recover. See Recover.]
Recur, re-kur', v.i. lit. to run back; to return to
the mind : to have recourse ; to resort : to happen
at a stated interval :pr.p. recurr'ing ; Pa.p.
recurred'. [L. recurrore, back, and curro, to
run. See Curat.]
it, re-kur cnt, adj., returning at intervals.
re-kuzant, or rck', adj. lit. turning back
from a cause or opinion ; refusing to acknow
ledge the supremacy of the sovereign in religious
matters.n. one who refuses to acknowledge the
supremacy of the sovereign in religious matters ;
a nonconformist. [L. recuse, r
against, and causa, a cause.] See
recuaancy, rc-kQ^aax-si,n.,state o/being a recusant;
nonconformity.
Red, red, adj. [comp. redder, superl. redd art) of a
colour like blood.n. one of the primary colours,
ofseveral shadesas scarlet, pink, Secadv. redly.
n. red'neaa. [A.S. red; Ice. raudur; h.rutiius,
rubier; Gr. erythros; Ice. rioda, to make bloody,
Sans, rohita, red, rudhria, blood.]
fate, far . mi, her ; mine ;
Red-lead
redden, red'n, v.t., to make red.v.i. to grow red;
to blush :pr-P. redd'ening ; pa.p. redd ened,
reddiah, rcd'ish, adj., somewhat red; moderately
red.n. redd'lahneas.
redbreast, red'brest, n. a favourite song-bird, so
called from the red colour of its breast, the robin,
red-deer, red'-dir, n. a species of deer which is red
dish-brown in summer ; the common stag,
red-hand, rcd'-tiand, n. , a bloody hand,adv. in the
very act, as if with red or bloody hands.
red-heat, red'-het, heat amounting to redness.
red-hot, red -hot, adj., heated to redness.
red-lead, red'-led, n. a preparation of lead of a fine
red colour used in painting, &c.
red-letter, red'-let-er, adj., having red letters;
auspicious or fortunate, as a day, so called from
the holidays or saints-days being indicated by
red letters in the old calendars,
redshank, red'shank, n. an aquatic bird of the snipe
family, with legs of a bright red colour,
red-tape, red-tap , n. the red tape used in public,
and esp. government offices, for tying up docu
ments, &c, applied satirically to the intricate
system of routine in vogue there ; official for
mality.adj. pertaining to official formality,
red-taplam, red-tap'izm, n. the system of routine
in government and other public < ~
tap 1st, a great stickler for routine.
Redan, rcd'an or re-dan', n. the simplest work in field
fortification, consisting of two faces which form
a salient angle towards the enemy, and resemble
the tooth of a saw. [Fr., for old Fr. redent.\
See Redented.
Redbreast, Red-deer, Redden, &c. See under Red.
Reddition, red-dish'un, a giving back or return
ing of anything ; surrender : a rendering of the
sense ; explanation. [L. redditiore, back, and
do, datum, to give.]
redditlve, red'di-tiv, adj., returning an answer.
Redeem, re-dera', v.t., to Buy back; to ransom; to
relieve from captivity by a price ; to rescue : to
pay the penalty of; to atone for; to perform, as
a promise : to improve : to recover, as a pledge :
pr.p. redeeming; Pa.p. redeemed'. [L. re-
dimore, back, and emo, emptum, to buy.]
redeemable, rc-dcm'a-bl, adj., that may be re
deemed.n. redeem ableaeea.
redeemer, re-dfm'er, ., one who redeems or ran
soms : Jesus Christ, the Saviour of the world,
redemption, re-dem'shun, n., act of redeeming or
buying back ; ransom ; release : the deliverance
of mankind from sin and misery by Christ,
redemptive, re-demp'tiv, adj., pertaining to nr-
demption ; serving or tending to redeem,
redemptory, re-demp tor-i, adj., serving to redeem;
paid for ransom.
Redeliver, r-de-liv/er, v.t., to deliver back or again ;
to liberate a second time.n, redtliv erance. [L.
re, back or again, and Deliver.]
redelivery, rfi-dc-Iiver-i, n., the act of delivering
back; a second delivery or liberation.
Redemption, &c. See under Redeem.
Redented, re-dent'ed, adj. formed like the teeth of
a saw. [old Fr. reaent, a double notching or
jaggingL. re, again, and dens, dentis, a tooth.]
Red-hand, Red-heat, Red-hot. See under Red.
Redintegration, re-din-tc-gT3'shun, restoration
to integrity or to a whole or sound state ; ]
vation. [L. red, re, again, and Integrate.]
See under Red.
j
4^3
 Redolent Refine
. red'o-lent, adj., diffusing odour or fra reedy, rtd% adj.} abounding with reeds;
grance ; scented.ns. redolence, red'olency. [L. bling or sounding as a reed.
redolensred, re, intensive, and oleo, to emit an Reef, rcf, n. a chain of rocks projecting above the
odour.] See Odour. water in a jagged ridge. [Ger. raufe, a flax-
Redouble, re-dubl, v.t., to double again or re heckle ; Ice. hrifa, a rake, from the likeness.]
peatedly ; to increase greatly ; to multiply.v.i. reefy, rfifi, adj.,full of reefs.
to become greatly increased ; to become twice as Reef, rcf, n. a portion of a sail that can be pulled cc
much. [L. re, again, and Double.] drawn together.v.t. to reduce the exposed sur
Redoubt, re-dour/, n. a central '. or retired work face of, as a sail '.pr.p. reefing ; pa.p. reefed',
within any other work, to afford the garrison a [perhaps from A.S. reafian, akin to L. rapio, to
last retreat. [Fr. redoute, reduit, a redoubt, seize, to pull.]
retreat ; low L. reductus, a retreatL. reductus, Reek, r5k, n., smoke; vapour.v.i. to emit smoke
retired. See Reduce.] or vapour ; to steam :Pr.p. reek'ing ; pa.p.
Redoubtable, re-dout/a-bl, adj. lit throwing back reeked'. [A.S. rec, Ice. reykr, Ger. ranch,
doubt or fear ; terrible to foes : valiant [Fr. re- Dutch, rook, smoke.]
doutable, to be fearedredouter, old Fr. re- reeky, rtk'i, adj.,full of reek ; smoky; soiled with
doubter, to fearL, re, back, and dubito, to steam or smoke ; foul.
doubt.] See Doubt.
Redound, re-dound', v.i., to roll back, as a wave ; Reel, ril, n. a rolling or turning frame for winding,
to be sent back by reaction ; to result '.pr.p. yarn, on
&c. : a lively Scotch dance.v.t. to wind
a reel :pr.p. recl'ing ; Pa.p. reeled'. [A.S.
redound'ing ;j*o,/. redounded [old Fr. redonder reol,hreol.
L. redundore, back, and unda, a wave, akin reel, rl, v.i., toSee Roll]
roll about; to stagger; to vacil
to Sans, und, to be moist.]
redundant, re-dun'dant, adj. lit. overflowing like Re-elect, ri-e-lekt/, v.t.,; to/a./,
late '.Pr.p. reel'ing reeled.
elect again.n. re-elec'-
waves; exceeding what is necessary ; superflu tlon. [L. re, again, and Elect.]
ous, in words or images,
redundance, re-dun'dans, redundancy, re-dun'dan-si, Re-embark, rt?-em-bark', v.t., to embark or put on
-board again. [L. re, again, and Embark.]
., quality of being redundant or superfluous: Re-enact, rfi-en-akt', v.t., to enact again.n. re-
that which is redundant, enact'mant. [L. re, again, and Enact.]
redundantly, re-dun'dant-li, adv., in a redundant Re-enforce, rS-en-fOrs', v.t., to enforce again; t
manner.
Re-draft, rC-draft', ., a second draft or copy; a enforce'ment,with
strengthen new force or support.*. re-
the act of re-enforcing; additional
new bill of exchange which the holder of a pro force or assistance. [L. re, again, and Enforce.]
tested bill draws on the drawer or indorsers, for
the amount of the bill, with costs and charges. Re-enter, anew.
rf-en'ter, v.t. and to enter again or
[L. re, again, and Enter.]
[L. re, again, and Draft.] re-entry, r-en'tri, an entering again; the re
Redrew, re-dres', v.t. lit. to make direct or straight suming a possession lately lost
again; to set right: to relieve from; to make See Rere-mouie.
amends to \Pr.p. redress'ing ; Pa.p. redressed'.
n. relief; reparation. [L. re, again, and Dree*.] Re-establish, re"-es-tab1ish, v.t., to establish again.
redreulble, re-dres'i-bl, adj., that may be redressed. Re-examine, re-egz-am'in, [L.
n. re-eetab'llehment re, again. Establish.]
v.t., to examine ogam
redreselve, re-dres'iv, adj., affording*redress. or anew. [L. re, again, and Examine.]
Redshank, Red-tape. See under Red.
Reduce, re-duV, v.t. lit. to lead or bring back* to Refection,strengthens
re-fek'shun, n. lit that which makes or
again; refreshment; a mesl or re
bring into a lower state ; to lessen ; to impoverish : past. [L. refictioreflcio, refectumn, again,
to subdue: to arrange: in arith. and alg., to andfacio, to make.]
change numbers or quantities from one denomi refectory, re-fek'tor-i, n., theplace where nfections
nation into another :pr.p. redQc'ing ; Pa.p. re
duced'. [L. rrduco, reductumre, back, and or meals are taken ; orig. a hall in con- rents ?
duco, to lead.] monasteries where meals were taken.
reducible, re-dfls'i-bl, adj., that may be reduced. Refer, re-fer', v.t., to bear, bring, or give loci; to
reduction, re-duk'shun, n. , act of reducing or state submit to
to another person or authority ; tc assign :
reduce.v.i. to have reference or recc ursc ; to
of being reduced ; diminution; subjugation: a relate ; to allude
rule for changing numbers or quantities from one ferred'. [Fr. rife'rer,'.Pr.p. rcferr'ing ; } a.p. re
L. refero, rtferrti r, back, .
denomination to another. andfero, to bear.]
Redundance, Redundant. See under Redound. referable, ref'er-abl, referrible, re-fc.r'i-b , * adj.,
Reduplicate, re-d0'plik-3t, v.t., toduplicate ordouble that may be referredor considered in co meetion
again ; to multiply ; to repeat,adj. doubled. with something else ; that may be ass: jned or
n. reduplica'tlon. [ L. re, again, and duplicate. ] considered as belonging or related to.
Re-echo, rfi-ek'o, v.t., toecho back.v.i. to give back referee, ref-er-fi', n., one to whom anythit p is re
ferred; an arbitrator, umpire, or judge.
echoes ; to resound.n. the echo of an echo. [L. reference,
re, back, and Echo.] refer-ens, n., the act of referring ; a sub
Reed, red, n. the common name of certain tall allusion mitting for information or decisron ; i zlation ;
grasses having jointed stems : a musical pipe . in law, the : one who or that which is refe Ted to :
anciently made of a reed : the mouth-tube or a gation or decision. act of submitting a dispute fo investi
musical instrument : the part ofa loom by which
the threads are separated. [A.S. Aread, hreod ; referrible, same as referable.
Dutch, riet; Ir. readan.] Refine, re-fin', v.t., to fine or finish ago. % or by
reeded, rffd'cd, adj., covered with reeds; formed repeated efforts ; . to separate from ex raneoos
with reed-like ridges or channels. matter ; to reduce to a fine or pure state ; t purify ;
fate, far ; me, her ; mine ; mOte ; mute ; mt>On ; Men.

J
 refinement
to clarify : to polish ; to make elegant : to purify
the manners, morals, &c.v.i. to Decorne fine or
pure ; to improve in any kind of excellence :
j*r.j#. refTn'ing ; Pa.p.refined'.n. refln'er. [L.
re, again, and Fine. J
refinement, re-fIn'ment, m act of refining or state
of being refined ; purification ; separation from
what is impure, &c. : cultivation ; elegance ;
polish ; purity : an excessive nicety.
winery, re-fln'er-i, n., a placefor refining.
refining, re-fTn'ing, n.t the act or process ofrefining
or purifying, particularly metals.
Befit, re-fit', v.t.t tofit or prepare again.n. reflt'-
ment. [L. re, again, and Fit.]
Reflect, re-flekt', v.t., to bend back ; to throw back
after striking upon any surface, as light, &c.v.i.
to be thrown back, as light, heat, &c. : to revolve in
the mind ; to consider attentively or deeply; to
ponder : to cast reproach or censure '.pr.p, re-
flect'ing ; Pa.p. reflected. [L. reflecto, rejlexum
re, andflecto, to bend or turn.]
reflecting, re-flekt'ing, adj., throwing back light,
heat, &c : given to reflection ; thoughtful.
reflection, re-flek'shun, the act of reflecting; the
sending back of light, heat, &c. : the state of
being reflected : that which is reflected : the
action of the mind by which it is conscious of
its own operations ; attentive consideration ; con-
. temptation : censure or reproach.
reflective, re-flckr/iv, adj., reflecting; considering
the operations of the mind ; exercising thought
or reflection : in gram., reciprocal.adv. reflect'-
fvely.n. reflect'lveaeaf. '
reflector, rc-flekr'or, n., one who or that which re
flects; a mirror or polished reflecting surface.
reflex, rc'fleks, adj., bent or turned back ; reflected :
in painting, illuminated by fight reflected from
another part of the same picture.n. reflection ;
light reflected from an illuminated surface.
inflexible, re-fleks'i-bl, reflectible, re-flekt'i-bl, adj.,
that may be reflected or thrown back,n. re-
flexiUflty.
reflexiTe, re-fleks^v, adj., turned backward; re
flective : respecting the past : ingram., reciprocal.
Befluent, rc'floo-ent, adj., flowing back; ebbing.
[L. refluent, -entis, pr.p. of refluore, back, and
fluo,fluxum, to flow.]
reflex, re'fluks, adj., flowing or returning back;
reflex.n. a flowing back ; ebb.
Reform, rC-form', v.t., toform again or anew; to
shape anew ; to transform : to make better ; to re
move that which is objectionable from ; to repair
or improve; to reclaim.v.i. to become better;
to abandon evil ; to be.corrected or improved.
in. a forming anew ; change, amendment, improve
ment.adj. supporting or legalising reform. [Fr.
reformer, L. reformore, again, and formo, to
figure or shape, fromforma. See Form.]
reformation, ref-or-mi'shun, ., the act of reform
ing; reform; amendment; improvement: the
great religious change of the 16th century, when
the Protestants separated from the Roman Cath
olic Church.
reformative, re-form'a-tiv, adj., forming again or
anew; tending to produce reform.
reformatory, re-form'a-tor-i, adj., reforming; tend
ing to produce reform.n. an institution for the
reformation ofcriminals, particularlyyoungones.
reformed, rc-formd', adj., formed agatn or anew;
changed ; amended ; improved : denoting the
churches formed after the Reformation, more
particularly those that separated from Luther
fate, far ; me, her ; mine ;
refuse
on matters of doctrine and discipline, esp. the
Calvinistic churches of the continent ; Protestant.
reformer, re-form'c/, n., one who reforms; one who
advocates political reform : one of those who
took part in the reformation of the x6th century,
Ben-act, re-frakt*, v.t., to break back or open; to
break the natural course, or bend from a direct
line, as rays of light, &c. '.pr.p. refract'ing ;
pa-P- refract/ed. [L. refringo, refracturnre%
back, andfrango, to break. See Fraction. ]
refraction, re-fralcshun, n.7 the act of refracting;
the change in the direction of a ray of light, &c.
when it enters a different medium.
refractive, re-frakr/iv, adj. , refracting; pertaining;
to refraction.n. refract'iveaeas.
refractory, re-frakt'or-i, adj., breakingthroughrules;
unruly ; unmanageable ; obstinate ; perverse :
difficult of fusion, as metals, &c.adv. refxact'-
orily.n. refract'orineic
refrain, re-fran', . lit. that which breaks a poem
and goes back to something already said ; a
phrase or verse recurring at the end of each divi
sion of a poem ; the burden of a song. [Fr. ;
Prov. refranh, from old Fr. refraindre, Prov.
refranker, L. refringo.]
refrangible, rc-fran'ji-bl; adj., that may be refracted
or turned out of a direct course, as rays of light,
&cn. refranglbil'ity.
Refrain, , See under Refract.
Refrain, re-fran', v.t., to holdback with a bridle ;
to restrain.v.i. to keep from action; to for
bear -.pr^P. refrain'ing ; pa.p. refrained'. [Fr.
refre"tier, L. refrenore, andfrenum, a bridle.)
Refrangible. See under Refract,
Refrain, re-fresh', v.t., to make fresh again; to
allay heat ; to give new strength, spirit, &c. to ;
to revive after exhaustion ,-to enliven : to restore :
Pr.p. refrcsh'ing; Pa.p. refreshed'. [L. re, again,
and Freeh-J
refreshment, re-fresh'ment, ., the act ofrefreshing;
new strength or spirit after exhaustion : that
which refreshes, as food or resL
Refrigerate, rc-frij'er-it, v.t., to make cold or cool
again ; to cool ; to refresh :pr.p. refnig'erating ;
Pa.p. refrigerat'ed.n. wfrigera'tlon. [L. re,
again, and frigero, -alum, to cool, from frigus,
cold. See Frigid.]
refrigerant, re-frij'er-ant, adj., making cold again ;
cooling ; refreshing.n. that which cools. [L.
refrigerans^efrigerantis, pr.p. of re/rigero.}
refrigeratlve, re-fnj er-a-tiv, refrigeratory, re-frij'er-
a-tor-i, adj., cooling; refreshing.
refrigeratory, rc-frij'er-a-tor-i, a cooler; a vessel
or apparatus for cooling, used in brewing, &c
Baft, reft, pa.t. and pa.p. of Reave.
Refuge, refGj, n afleeingback; that which affords
shelter or protection ; an asylum or retreat : a
resource or expedient. [Fr. ; L. refugiumre,
back, andfugio, to flee.] [other country.
refugee, ref-fl-W, n. , one who/feesfor refuge to an-
Refulgent, re-furjent, adj., flashing back ; casting
a flood oflight ; shining; brilliant.adv. recurrent
ly. [L.refutgens.-entisre, hackJulgro,to shine.]
refulgence, rc-ful'jens, refulgency, re-ful'jen-si, n.t
state ofbeing refulgent ; brightness; brilliance.
Refund, re-fund', v.t. lit. to pour back; to repay ;
to restore ; to return what has been taken :
Pr.p. refunding; Pa.p. refund'ed. [L. refundo,
rejusumre, back, andfundo, to pour.)
refuse, re-fuY, v.t. lit. to pour back; to reject ; to
deny, as a request. Sec. v.i. to decline accept
mote ; mute ; muun ; Men.
 refuse regulation
ance ; not to comply '.pr.p. refusing; /a./- re regency, r'jen-s'i, ., tlte office, jurisdiction, or
fused'. [Fr. refuser, from L. refundo, re/mum: dominion of a regent; a body intrusted with
or a mixture of refuto, to drive back or repel, and vicarious government.
rxcuso, to make an objection against, to refuse.] regicide, rej'i-sld, n., the murderer ofa king; the
refuse, ref'ils, adj., refused; worthless.n. that murder of a king. [Fr. ; from L. rex, regis, a
which is rejected or left as worthless ; dross. king, and caedo, to kilL]
refusal. re-fuYal, n.t the act ofrefusing; denial of regicidal, rei-i-sld'al, adj., pertainingto a regicide.
anything requested; rejection: the right of regime, ra-zheW, n., rule ofor mode ofrulingonc's
taking in preference to others. diet; form of government ; administration. [Fr.]
refute, re-fur*, v.t., to Pour back; to repel; to regimen, rej'i-men, ., rule prescribed; orderly
oppose; to disprove 'Pr.p. refuting; pa.p. re- government ; any regulation for gradually pro
fut ed. [Fr. rlffuter, L. refutore, back, and ducing benefit : m med., rule of diet : in gram. ,
futis, a water-vessel, fromfundo, to pour.] the government of one word by another ; words
refutable, re-fut'a-bl, adj., tfiat may be refuted or governed. [L.]
disproved.adv. refat ably.n. refatabll'lty. regiment, reil-mcnt, n. orig. government, rule ; a
refutation, rcf-Q-ta'shun, n., the act ofrefuting or bodyofsoldiers ruled or commanded bya colonel,
disproving. and consisting of a number of companies.
refutatory, re-fut'a-tor-i, adj., tending to refute; regimental, rej-i-ment'al, adj., relating to a regi
refuting. ment.in pl the uniform of a regiment.
Regain, r-gan', v.t, to gain Sack or again; to re Region, rCjun, . lit. a direction, boundary-line ; a
cover. [L. re, back, and Gain.] portion of land ; country ; district. [L. regie,
Regal, regal, adj., belonging to a king; kingly; regionisrego, to rule, direct, mark a boundary.}
royal.adv. regally. [L. regalisrex, a king, Register, rej'is-ter, . lit. that which carries back
from rego, to rule.] to the Past; a written record, regularly kept ;
regale, re-gal', v.t, to entertain in a regal or sump
tuous manner ; to refresh ; to gratify.v.i. to the book containing the register; that which
registers or records : that which regulates, as the
feast :~Pr.p. regaling ; Pa.p. regaled'.n. a damper of a furnace or stove, the air-stop of an
regal or magnificent feast. [Fr. rigalerL. rega
lis: or from Fr.and It.gala,good-cheer. Sec Gal*.] organ,fr.p.
&c.v.t. to enter in a register ; to record ;
registering; Pa.p. registered. [Fr. re
regalement, re-gal'ment, ., the act of regaling; gister; L. regestaregerv, regestus, to record
entertainment ; refreshment. re, back, and gero, to carry. )
regalia, re-gali-a, n.pl, things that belong to a registrar, rejls-trar, n., one ivho keeps a register.
king; the insignia of a king, the crown, sceptre, . reg iitranhip, office ofa registrar.
&c. ; the rights and privileges of kings, [neuter registration, rej-is-tra'shun, act ofregistering.
pi. of regalis.]
regality, re-gall-ti, n., state ofbeing regal; royalty ; registry, rej'is-tri, ., act of registering: place
where a register is kept : facts recorded.
sovereignty. Regnant, reg'nant, adj., reigning or ruling; pre
Regard, re-gard', v.t., to look at or on ; to observe dominant ; exercising regal authority. [L. reg-
particularly : to hold in respect or affection ; to nans, regnantis,
pay attention to ; to keep or observe : to esteem ; regn&ncy, rcgrian-si,pr.p. of regnorego, to rule.]
to consider :Pr.p. regarding ; Pa.p. regard'ed. or reigning ; reignn., ;
condition ofbeing regnant
predominance.
n. orig. look, gaze ; attention with interest ;
observation : respect ; affection : repute : rela Regress, re'gres, ., a going or passage back;
return ; power of returning.v.i. to go back ; to
tion ; reference. [Fr. regarderre, andgarder, return to a former place or state. [L. regressus
to keep, look after. See ouard. . regard or, re, back, and gradior, gressvs, to step, go.]
regardful, re-gard'fool, adj.,full ofregard ; taking regression, re-grcsh'un, n., act of going back or
notice ; needful ; attentive. adv. regard fully. returning.
regardless, re-girdles, adj., without regard; not regressive, re-gresIv, adj., going back ; returning.
attending ; negligent ; heedless.adv. regard'-
lenly.n. regard lesaness. Regret, re-gret', v.t. lit. to weep for, to bewail; to
Regatta, re-gata, n. a rowing or "sailing match grieve at ; to remember with sorrow :pr.p. re
between a number of boats or yachts. [It, from gretting ; Pa.p. regrett'ed.. sorrow for any
thing ; concern : remorse. [Fr. regretter; Ice.
rigattare, to contend, dispute.] gratr, weeping ; Scot, greet, to weep.]
Regency. See under Regent.
Regenerate, re-jcn'er-5t, v.t., to generate or pro regretful, rc-gretfool, adj., full of regret.adv.
regret'folly.
duce aneiu: in theol., to renew the heart and Regular, reg'u-lar, adj., according to rule or estab
turn it to the love of God.adj. regenerated ;
renewed.ns. regen'erateness, regeneracy, state lished custom: governed by rule; uniform;
of being regenerate. [L. regenero, -atum, to orderly forms :
: instituted according to established
having all the sides and angles equal : be
bring forth againfr, again, genero, to beget, longing to the permanent army.n. a soldier be
bring forth. See Generate.] longing to the permanent army.adv. regularly.
regeneration, re-jen-er-a'shun, act of regenerat [L. regularisregula, a rulerego, to rule.]
ing: state of being regenerated. regularity, reg-fl-lar*i-ti, n., qualityofbeingregular;
regenerative, re-jen'cr-at-tv. adj., pertaining to re- conformity to rule ; method ; uniformity.
generation.adv. regen eratlvehy.
Regent, rfi'jent, adj. orig. ruling; invested with regulate, reg'Q-lat, v.t., to make regular; to adjust
by rule ; to subject to rules or restrictions ; to
interim authority.n. one invested with interim put in good order :pr.p. reg'uliting ; pa.p.
authority ; one who rules for the sovereign. [Fr. ; regelated. [L. regulo, -atum.]
L. regens, cutis, pr.p. of rego, to rule.] regulation, rcg-u-li'shun, n., act of regulating;
regentenlp, rfjent-ship, n.t office of a regent; de state of being regulated : a rule or order pre
puted authority. scribed ; precept ; law.
fate, far; me, her; mine; mote; mute; mCOn; then.
4a6
 regulative
regulAtiTt, rcg'O-lS-riv, adj., tending to regulate.
regulator, rcgu-la-tor, n., one who or that which
regulates ; a lever which regulates the motion of
a watch ; anything that regulates motion.
Rehearse, rc-hers', v.t. lit. to harrow again; to
repeat what has already been said ; to narrate ;
to recite before a public representation ',fr.p.
rehearsing ; fa.p. rehearsed'.n.nkur'w. [old
Fr. rehercerre. again, force, a harrow.]
rehearsal, re-hers'al, n., act of rehearsing; recital;
recital before public representation.
Reign, ran, n., rule; dominion; royal authority;
supreme power ; influence : time during which a
sovereign rules.v.t. to rule; to exercise sove
reign power: to be predominant '.pr.p. reign'-
ing ; pa.p. reigned'* [L. regnumrrgo, to rule.]
Blmborte, rc-im-burs', v.t. lit. to put back into the
purse; to refund ; to pay an equivalent to for loss
or expense '.fr.p. reimbursing ; fia.p. reim
bursed'. [Fr. retnbourserre, Dack, and em-
banner, to put in a purse, from bourse, a purse.
Seelm.]
rff-im-burs'ment, ., act of reim-
spaying.
Lain, ran, n., that which retains or Holds back; the
strap of a bridle : an instrument for curbing or
governing ; government.v.t. to govern with the
rein or bridle : to restrain or control '.Pr.p.
reining ; Pa.fi. reined'.To give the reine to, to
leave unchecked. [Fr. rent; old Fr. resgne; It.
' L. retinacularetineore, back, and
, to hold.]
, ranles, adj., without rein or restraint.
Miuuvdr, rin'dcr, n. a kind of deer in the north,
valuable for the chase and, for domestic uses.
[A.S. hran, Ice. hrein, Finn, raingo, an animal,
and Deer.]
Reinforce, Reinforcement, same as Ite-enforct, Ke-
enforcement.
Reinless. Sec under ftcln.
Reins, ranr, ti.pl., the kidneys; the lower part of
the back over the kidneys : in B.t the inward
parts; the heart. [Fr. ; JL rents; Gr. pkren,
the midriff'. J
Reinstate, rc-in-stat', v.t., to instate again; to place
in a former state. [L. re, again, Instate.]
reinstatement, r-in-stat'ment, n., act of reinstat
ing; re-establishment.
Reinvest, re-in-vesr/,f toinvestagain or a second
time.n. reinvest m*)Qt, act of reinvesting a
second investment. [L. re, again, and Invest.]
Reinviforata, re-in-vig'or-at, v.t., to invigorate
again. [L. re, again, and Invigorate.]
rft-ish'Oo, v.t., to issue againn. a second
[L. re, again, and lame, j
i, re-it'er-St, v.t., to iterate or repeat again.;
[L. re, again. Iterate.]
, ., act ofreiterating.
Reject, re-jekt/, v.t. W\.to throw bach; to throwaway;
to refuse ; to renounce '.pr.p. rejecting;
rcject'ed. [L. rejicio, rejectumre, back, and
jacio, to throw.]
rejection, re-jek'shun, n., act ofrejecting; refusal.
Rejoice, re-jots', v.t., to feel and expressjoy again
and again; to be glad; to exult or triumpTi.
v.t. to make joyful; to gladden :pr.p. rejoic/-
*DK I/*-/- rejoiced'. [Fr. rejouirre, again,
andjouir, to enjoy-joie, joy. See Joy.]
rejoicing, re-joislng, n., act of being joyful; ex
pression, subject, or experience ofjoy.
fate, far ; me, her ; mine ;
Relevant
rejoicingly, re-joislng-li, adv., withjoyorexultation.
Rejoin, re-join', v.t., to join again; to unite what
is separated : to meet again.v.t rejoin (rejoin'),
to answer to a reply. [L. re, again, and Join.]
rejoinder, re-join'der, n. an answer joined on to
another, an answer to a reply: in law, the de
fendant's answer to a plaintiff.
Rekindle, r'-kin'dl, v.t., to kindle again ; to set on
fire or arouse anew. [L. re, again, and Kindle.]
Relapse, re laps', v.t'., to slide, sink, or fall back;
return to a former state or practice 'pr.p. re
lapsing ; pa.p. relapsed'.n. a falling back into
a former bad state. [L. relabor, relapsusre.
back or again, labor, to sb'p or slide.]
Relate, re-lit', v.t. lit to bringback; to carry the
mind back to the past ; to describe ; to tell : to
ally by connection or kindred.v.t. to have refer
ence ; to refer '.pr.p. relating ; pa.p. relit cd.
[L. refero, relaturnre, back,fero, to carry.]
related, re-liced, adj. allied or connected by
kindred or blood,
relation, re-uVshun, n., act of relating or telling :
recital ; that which is related : mutual connection
between two things ; resemblance : connection
by birth or marriage : a person related to others
by birth or marriage. [Fr.L. relatio.jn.
rela'tlonshlp.
relational, re-li'shun-al, adj., having relation;
having kindred,
relative, rel'a-tiv, adj., having relation; respect
ing ; not existing by itself; considered as belong
ing to something else : in gram., expressing
relation.n. that which has relation to some
thing else ; a relation : xngram,, a pronoun which
relates to something before called its antecedent.
adv. relatively.
Relax, re-laics', v.t., to loosen one thing awayfrom
another; to slacken ; to make less close : to
make less severe : to relieve from attention or
effort ; to divert : to loosen, as the bowels : to
make languid.v.i. to become less close ; to
become less severe : to attend less :pr./. relat
ing ; pa.p. relaxed'. [L. relaxo. -alumre, away
from, laxo, to loosenlaxus, loose, slack.]
relaxation, rc-laks-i'shun, n., act ofrelaxing; state
of being relaxed : remission of application,
relay, re-la', n. orig. a number of fresh dogs
to relievo others ; a supply of horses to relieve
others on a journey. [Fr. relais; relayer, old
Fr. relaisser, to relieve ; It. relaiciareL.
relaxo, to release or relieve.]
Release, re-les', v.t., to let loose front; to set free ;
to discharge from ; to relieve : to let go, as a
claim ; to give up a right to ',fr.p. releasing ;
Pa.p. released'.n. a setting free ; discharge :
the giving up of a right or claim, [old Fr.
relaisser, L* relaxo, to relieve.]
Relegate, rel'e-git, v.t., to send away, to c
to exile : pr.fi. rel egating ; pa.p. reregited.n.
rel egation. [L.
'L. relego, -aturnre, away, lego, to
send. Sec Legate.]
Relent, re-lent/, v.i, to slacken, to soften ; to grow
tender; to compassion fr~.fi. relenting ;
pa.p. relented. [Fr. se ralenttr, It rallentaro
L. relentescore, away from, lentesco, to
slackenlentus, embracing, pliant, soft.]
relentless, re-lent'les, adj., without relenting;
without tenderness or compassion ; merciless.
adv. .n. relent'lessness.
adj. lit. raising; relieving;
applying to the purpose ;
mote ; mute ; moon ; then.
 relevance
related. [Fr., pr.p. of relever, to raise again,
relieve. See Relieve.]
relevance, rel'e-vans, relevancy, rel'e-van-si, ft. , state
ofbeing relevant : pertinence ; applicability.
Reliable, &c. See under Rely.
Eelic, rel'ik, n. lit. that which is left after loss or
decay ; a corpse ; in R. C. Church, the body or
other memorials of saints : a memorial. [Fr. re-
lique, L. reliauia?relinquo, relictum, to leave
behind. See B>lmquiah-]
relict, reHlct, *. a woman left behind her husband,
a widow. [L. reIidarrlingua.]
Relief. See under Relieve.
Relieve, re-leV, v.t. lit to lift or raise up; to re
move from that which weighs down or depresses ;
to lessen : to ease ; to help : to release : in the
fine arts, to set off: in law, to redress :pr.p.
relieving ; Pa.p. relieved'. [Fr. rrlever, to raise
again ; L. rvlevore, again, levo, to raise
levis, light.]
relief, re-lf, act of relieving; the removal of
any evil : release from a post or duty : that which
relieves or mitigates ; aid : in the fine arts, the
projection of a figure.
relievo, re-lE'vo, n. same as relief, infine arts. [It.]
Religion, re-lij'un, n, lit. that which binds one back
from doing something ; the performance of our
duties oflove and obedience towards God ; piety :
any system of faith and worship. [L. religio,
-onisre, back, and ligo, to bind.]
religionist, re-Iii'un-ist, oneattached toa religion.
religious, re-lij'us, adj., pertaining to religion;
concerned with or set 'apart to religion : pious ;
godly : in R. C. Church, hound to a monastic life :
strict,adv. religiously. [L. rrligiosus.]
Relinquish, rc-lingTcwish, v.t., to leave behind; to
abandon : to give up ; to renounce a claim to :
Pr.p. relinquishing ; Pa.p, relinquished (kwisht).
n. relinquishment, act ofrelinquishing'or giving
up. [old Fr. relinquir; L. relinquo, relictum
re, away from, linquo, to leave.]
rellque, re-leV, n., a relic.
reliquary, ren-kwar-i, n. a small chest or casketfor
holding relics. [Fr. rvliquaire; low L. reliqui-
ariumh, rtUquia, relicsrelinquo.]
Relish, rel'i&h, v.t. lit. to lick up or again; to like
the taste of: to be pleased with.v.i. to have an
agreeable taste : to give pleasure '.Pr.p. relish
ing ; Pa.p. rel'ished.n. an agreeable taste : pe
culiar taste or quality : enjoyable quality : power
of pleasing: inclination or taste for; appetite:
just enough to give a flavour: a sauce, [old Fr.
relecher, to lick or taste again. See Lecher, Lick.]
Reluctant, re-luk'tant, adj., struggling to get away
from; striving against; unwilling.adv. relac'-
tantly. [L. reluctant, -antis, pr.p. of reluctor
re, away from, luctor, to struggle.]
reluctance, re-luk'tans, reluctancy, rc-luk'tan-si, .,
state ofbeing reluctant; unwillingness.
Bely, re-lf, v.i. lit, to look to onefor relief; to rest
or repose ; to have full confidence :pr.p. rcly'-
ing ; Pa.p. relied'. [Fr. relayer, to relieve, se
relayer, to relieve one another. See Belay.]
reliable, re-lfa-bl, adj., that may be relied upon.
adv. reli ably.
, re-lfans, . trust ; confidence.
. re-man', v.i., to stay away; to stay or be
left behind ; to continue in the same place : to
continue in an unchanged form or condition ; to
last '.pr.p. remaining ; Pa.p. remained'.n.pl.
, a corpse ; the literary productions ofone
fate, far ; mi, her ; mine ;
Remnant
dead. [L. remaneore, away from, maneo, akin
to Gr. mend, to stay.]
remainder, re-min'der, n., that which remains or
is left behind after the removal of a part.
remnant, rem'nant, n. , that which remains behind
after a part is removed, &c. ; a fragment ; re
mainder, [contr. of remanentL. rrmaneo.~\
Remand, re-mand', v.t., to order or send back;
Pr.p. remanding; P*P. remand'ed. [L. re-
ntandore, back, mando, to order. See Command.]
Remark, re-mark', v.t., to mark or take notice of;
to express what one thinks or sees ; to say :Pr.p.
remarking ; Pa.p. remarked'.n. words regard
ing anything ; notice. [Fr.remarquerre, inten
sive, marquer, to mark. See Hark.]
remarkable, re-mark'a-bl, adj. , deserving remark or
notice ; distinguished ; famous : that may excite
admiration or wonder ; strange ; extraordinary.
adv. remark'ably.n. remark'ableneat.
Remedy, rem'e-di, n. lit. that which restores again:
that which counteracts any evil or repairs any
loss.v.t. to remove, counteract, or repair :
Pr.p. rem'edying ;pa.p. rem'edied. [L. remedium
re, back, again, medeor, to restore, cure.]
remediable, re-mfi'di-abl, adj., that maybe remedied;
curable.n. reme'dlablenees.adv. reme'dlably.
remedial, re-mfi'di-al, adj., tending to remedy or
remove.adv. reme'dially.
Remember, re-mem'ber, v.t., to call back to the
memoryI to keep in mind : in B., to meditate on ;
to bear in mind with gratitude and reverence ;
to attend to :Pr.p. remem bering ; pa.p. re-
mem'bered. [old Fr. remembrer, Fr. rememortr,
L. rememorore, again, memoro, to call to
mindmemor, mindful. See memoir.]
remembrance, re-menVbrans, n.. the act of remem
bering; memory : that which serves to bring to
or keep in mind ; a memorial: the power of re
membering : the length of time during which a
thing can be remembered.
remembrancer, re-mem'brans-er, ., that which re
minds; a recorder ; an officer of exchequer.
Remind, re-mTnd', v.t., to bringtothe mindofagain ;
to bring under the notice or consideration of.
[L. re, again, and Hind.]
Reminiscence, rem-i-nis'ens, ., that which is re
called to mind; recollection: an account of
what is remembered : the recurrence to the mind
ofthe past. [Fr.L. reminiscentia1, recollections
' reminiscor, to recall to mindre, and root
men, whence mens, the mind.] See Mental.
Remit, re-mit', v.t. lit. to send back ; to slacken; to
pardon : to transmit, as money, &cv.i. to abate
in force ; to become moderated '.PrjK remitt'-
ing; Pa.p. remitted.n. remltt'er. [L. remitte,
remissumre, back, and milto, to send.]
resoles, re-mis', adj., remitting in attention, &c. ;
negligent ; inattentive ; not punctual : slow ; not
vigorous. adv. remissly.. nmlat/aem
rcmlirible, re-mis'i-bl, adj., that may be >
or pardoned.n. remluiblTlty.
remission, re-mish'un, n., the act of^ nn
abatement: relinquishment of a claim ;
pardon : the sending of money to a distance.
remissive, re-mis'iv, adj., remitting; forgiving.
remittal, re-mit'al, ., a remitting; surrender.
remittance, rc-mit'ans, n., that which is .Tmilttd;
the sending of money, &c to a distance.
remittent, rc-mit'ent, adj. increasing and remitting
or abating alternately, as a disease.
Remnant. See under Remain.
mote ; mute ; mOOn ; /Acq.
 Remodel
Remodel, rS-mod'1, v.t., to model or fashion again,
[Lm re, again, and Modal.]
Remonstrate, re-mon'strat, v.i. lit. to point out
again and again ; to set forth strong reasons
against a measure '-fir,p. remon'striting ; Pa.p.
remon'strited. [low L. remonstro, -.nun:L.
re, again, and monstro, to point out.]
remonstrance, re-mon'strans, ., the act of remon
strating ; strong speaking against an act ; reasons
in opposition ; expostulation.
remonstrant, re-mon'strant, adj., inclined to re
monstrate.n. one who remonstrates.
Remorse, re-mors', w. lit. a biting again and again ;
the gnawing pain or anguish ofguilt, [low L.
remorsusL. remordeo, remorsum, to bitere,
again, and mordeo, to bite] [remone'rally.
remorseful, rc-mors'fool, adj.^fullofremorse.adv.
remorseless, re-mors'lcs, adj., -without remorse;
crueL adv. remorse leisly.n. remorse'leunem.
Remote. See under Remove.
Remould, rfi-mOld', v.t., to mould or shape again,
[L. re, again, and Mould.]
Remount, r-mount', v.t. and i\, to mount again.
[L. re, again, and Mount.]
Remove, re-mCoV, v.t., to move lack or away; to
put from its place ; to take away ; to withdraw.
v.i.
"*L~rto:pr.p.
changeremov'ing
place : to; go fromremoved'.n.
pa.p. one place to
_s of place: departure: any indefinite dis-
: : a step in any scale of gradation ; a dish
to be changed while the rest remain. [L. rrmoveo,
remotumre, back, moveo, to move. See More.]
removable, rc-mCoVa-bl, adj., that mayberemoved.
n. removabil ity,
removal, rc-mOoVal, ., the act of removing', the
act of taking away : change of place,
remote, re-mot', adj., moved back to a distance
far ; distant : primary, as a cause : not ~ ~
with: not related: slight.adv.
re-mu'ner-5t, v.t., to da a service in
return; to recompense:/*-./, remunerating;
pa.p. remu'neriited. [L. rrmunero, -aturnre,
in return, munero, to perform a dutymunus,
muneris, a service, a gift.]
remonerable, re-mu'ner-abl, adj., that may be re
munerated; worthy of being rewarded,
remuneration, re-mO-ner-a'shun, n., the act of re
munerating; reward; recompense,
remunerative, re-mfl'ner-a-tiv, adj., intended or
fitted to remunerate ; lucrative.
Renal, rC'nal, adj., pertaining to the reins or kid'
neys. (L. renaltsren, pi. rents. See Reins.]
Renard, ren'ard, n. a fox, so called in fables and
in poetry. [Fr.old Ger. Reinhard, Reginhart,
strong in counsel, the name of a fox in a cele
brated German epic poem.]
Renascent, re-nas'ent, adj., being bom or springing
up again; reproduced.n. renascence. [L.
renascens, pr. p. of renascor, to be born again
re, again, and nascor, to be born.]
Rencounter, rcn-kounl'cr, Rencontre, ron-kOng'tr, n.
a running counter to or against; a casual com
bat ; a collision. [Fr. rencontreL. re, against,
and root of Encounter. ]
Rend, rend, v.t., to tear asunder with force; to
split :pr.p. rcncTing ; pa.t. andPa.p. rent. [A.S.
rendan, to tear ; Ice. randi, to seize violently.]
rent, rent, . an opening made by rending; fissure ;
break; tear.
file, fax ; me, her ; mine J
Rent
ren'der, v.t,, to give back; to pay back :
to give up : to make up ; to deliver : to cause to
be : to translate into another language : to per
form '.pr.p. rcn'dering ; Pa.p. ren'dered.n. a
surrender ; a payment of rent. [Fr. retidre, low
L. rendoL. reddore, back, and do, to give.]
rendering, ren'dcr-ing, the act of rendering:
version ; translation,
rent, rent, ., something renderedox given in return
for lands, &c. held of another ; annual payment.
e v.t. to hold or occupy by paying rent : to let
fora rent.v.i. to be let for rent :pr.p. renr'ing ;
Pa.p. renfed.
rental, renr/al, n. a schedule or account of rents,
with the tenants' names, &c- ; a rent-roll : rent,
renter, rent'er, . one who holds by paying rent for.
rent-roll, rent'-rol, n. a roll or account at rents; a
rental or schedule of rents.
Rendezvous, ren'de-vOO, n. lit. render or assemble
yourselves; an appointed place of meeting, par
ticularly for troops or ships ; a place for enlist
ment.v.i. to assemble at any appointed place.
[Fr. rendez vous, render yourselvesrendre.]
Renegade, ren'e-gad, Renegado, ren-e-ga'do, . , one
who denies or renounces his principle or party :
an apostate ; a deserter ; a vagabond. [Sp.
renegadolow L. renegalush. re, back, and
nego, to deny.]
Renew, rc-nu', v.t., to make new again; to reno
vate : to transform to new life : to revive ; to begin
again; to make again : to invigorate.v.i. to be
made new ; to begin again '.pr.p. renew'ing ;
Pa.p. renewed'. [L. re, again, and Hew.]
renewable, re-nu'a-bl, adj., that may be renewed.
re-nu'al, act ofrenewing; renovation;
regeneration ; restoration.
Rennet, ren'ct, . the prepared inner membrane of
a calf's stomach, used to make milk run together
or coagulate. [A.S. rennan, to run ; old Ger.
girinnan, to curdle ; old D. rennen, tocoagulate.]
Rennet, ren'ct, w. a sweet kind of apple, [acc. to
Diez, Fr. reinette, dim. of trine, L. regina, a
queen, and so = queen of apples, but Mahn
gives from raine, a green or tree-frogL. rana,
a frog, because the apple is spotted like this frog.]
Renounce, re-nouns', v.t. lit. to bring or carry back
word; to speak against ; to disown ; to reject ; to
forsake.v.i. not to follow suit at cards '.pr.p.
renouncing ; pa.p. renounced'. [L. renuncio
re, back, and nuncio, -atum, to announcenun-
cius, a messenger.]
renouncement, re-nouns'ment, n., act ofrenouncing,
disclaiming, or rejecting,
renunciation, re-nun-si-a'shun, n., act of renounc
ing; disavowal ; abandonment.
Renovate, ren'o-vit, v.t., to renew or make neia
again ; to restore to the original state Pr.p.
ren'ovating; pa.p. ren'ovatcd. [h.re, again, and
novo, -atum, to make newnovas, new. SeeNew.]
renovation, ren-o-v5'shun, act of renovating;
renewal : state of being renewed,
renovator, ren'o-vat-or, n., one who or that which
renovates or renews.
Renown, re-nown', n. a great name; celebrity.
[Fr. renomL. re, again, nomen, a name.]
renowned, re-nownd', adj., having renown; cele
brated ; illustrious ; famous ; wonderful.
Rent, rent, pad. and Pa.p. of Rend s in B.,Pa.t,
obs. rend, v.i. to part or go asunder.
Rent, a tear. See under Rend, to tear.
Rent, Rental, &c.
mOte ; mute ; mOBa ; Men.
 Renunciation Repose
Renunciation. See under Renounce. repentant, re-pent'ant, adj., repenting or sorry for
Repaid, re-pad', pa. t. and fxi.fi. of Repay. past conduct ; shewing sorrow for sin.n. one
who repents.
Eepair. re-pur', v.i. to betake one's self as to one's Repercussion,
native country ; to go ; to resort :pr.p. repair r-per-kush'un, ft., a striking or driv
ing ; pa.p. repaired'-n. a retreat or abode. [Fr. ing back; reverberation: in music, frequent re
petition of the same sound. [L. repercussio-ne,
repairer, to hauntL. refatria, to return to one's back, percutioper, through, quatio, to strike.]
countryre, back, Patrxa, native country.] npercuetre, rf-per-kus'iv, adj., drvuing back;
Repair, re-par, v.t. lit. toprepare again; to restore ; causing to reverberate.
to fill up anew : to make amends for ;pr.p.
repairing ; Pa,p. repaired'.n. restoration after Repertory, rep'er-tor-i, n. a place where things are
injury or decay ; supply of loss. [L. rrparo, kept to be broughtforth again ; a treasury ; a
magazine. [L. refiertoriumreperio, to find
rcparatumre, again, and para, to prepare.] re, again, and pario, to bring forth.]
repairer, re-paVer, ft., one who repairs or restores, Repetition. See under Repeat.
reparable, rcp'ar-abl, adj., that may be repaired, Repine, re-pin',
adv. rep'arably. v.i., to pine again or continue to
reparation, rep-ar-a'shun, n., act of repairing; pine; to fret one's self; to feel discontent; to
murmur ; to envy.adv. repin'lngly.n. repin'er.
supply of what is wasted : amends,
reparative, re-par'a-tiv, adj., tending to repair or [L. re, again, and Fine.]
make good.n. that which restores to a good Replace, re-plas', v.t., to place back; to put again
state ; that which makes amends. . in a former place, condition, &c ; to repay; to
Repartee, rep-ar-te*, n., a smart, ready, and witty provide a substitute for ; to take the place of. [L.
reply. [Fr. repartierepartir, to replyre, re, back, again, and Place.]
again, pariir, to divide"L.pars, partis, apart.] replacement, rc-plas'ment, n., act ofreplacing.
Repeat, re-past', n. lit. a feeding again; act of Replenish, re-plen'ish. v.t, to fill again; to fill
taking food : the food taken ; victuals, [low L. ishing completely ; to stock abundantly :Pf-P- replen'-
repastusrepascert, again, andPasco, to feed.] ; Pa.p. replenished. Jold Fr. replenir,
Repay, re-pi', v.t., to Pay back; to make return from from replein, fullL. re, again, and plenus, full,
for ; to recompense : to pay again or a second replenishment, pteo, Sans. Pri, to fill.]
time. [L. re, back, and Pay.] re-plenlsh-ment, *., state of replen
repayable, re-pa'a-bl, adj., that is to be repaid. ishing or of being replenished,
repayment, rc-pa'ment, ., act of repaying; the pletely filled. adj.
replete, re-plcY, \\x.. filled again ; full; com
[L. repletus, pa.p. of rvpleore,
money or thing repaid.
Repeal, re-pel', v.t., to recallor revoke byauthority ; repletion, re-ple'shun,filL] state of being replete i
again, andpleo, to
to abrogate '.pr.p. repealing ; Pa.p. repealed'. superabundant fulness ; inwi., fulness of blood.
n. repeai'er, one who repeals ; one who seeks Replevin. See under Replevy.
for a repeal. [Fr. rapPelerre, back, and ap-
Peler, L. appello. to call. See Appeal]
repealable, re-peTa-bl, adj., that may be repealed. Replevy, re-pleVi, v.t. in law, to recover goods
wrongfully detained upon giving a pledge or se
Repeat, re-pSt*, v.t, lit. to attack or seek again ; to curity to try the right to them at law ; to bail :
do again : to quote from memory ; to rehearse. pr.p. replev'ying ; pa.p. replevied, [old Fr.
v.t. to strike the hours, as a watch : to recur : rrfitevirre, back, and plevir, to pledge. See
prj. repeating; pa.p. repeat'ed.n. in music, Pledge.]
a mark directing a part to be repeated. [L, replevin, re-plcvln, n. an action for replevying
repeto, refetitumre, again, and/Wo, to attack, goods ; the act of, or a writ for replevying.
seek ; akin to Sans, pat, to fly, to falL] Replication. See under Reply.
repeatedly, re-pCt'ed-li, adv. many times repeated ; Reply,
again and again : frequently, re-pll*, v.t. lit tofold back; to return for an
repeater, re-pir/Ar, n.f one who or that which re answer.v.i. to make a return in words or writ
peats: a decimal in which the same figure or n. ing ; to answer \~Pr.p. replying ; Pa.p. replied.
figures are continually repeated : a watch that pll'er.anything said or written in answer.n. re-
strikes the hour on touching a spring, [Fr. ripliquer; L. replico, -aturnrt,
back, andplico,
repetition, rep-e-tish'un, n., act of repeating; re replication, rep-li-ka'shun, to fold.]
cital from memory. n. lit afolding baci;z
Repel, re-pel', v.t., to drive back; to repulse; to reply: in law, the plaintiffs answer to a pica.
check the advance of.-v.i. to act with opposing Report, rc-pGrt', v.t., to bring back, as an answer or
force : in med., to check or drive inwards :pr.p. account of anything ; to give an account of; to
repairing; pa.p. repelled'.. repell'er. [L. relate ; to circulate publicly ; to write down or
repellore, back, andpello, to drive.] take notes of, esp. for a newspaper.v.i. to make
a statement ; to write an account of occurrences :
repellent, re-pel'ent, adj., repelling or driving back ; pr.p.
able or tending to repeln. that which repels. reporting; reported.n. a state
Repent, re-pent', v.i. lit tofeelpenitent ; to regret ment of facts ; description ; an official statement,
or sorrow for what one has done or left undone : esp. of a judicial opinion or decision: rumour:
sound ; noise.n. report'er, one who reports, esp.
to change from past evil: in theol., to feel such for a newspaper. [L. rrportore, back, and
sorrow for sin as produces newness of life. v.t. Porto, to carry.]
to remember with sorrow :pr.p. repenting ;
Jte.p. repent'ed. [Fr. npentir; low L. repa- Repoee, re-poV, v.t. lit toplace back, to lay up; to
niteore, and pantteo, to cause to repent, from to lay at rest ; to compose : to place in trust
Patnio, punio, to punish. See Punish, ] rest ; to sleep : to rest in confidence ; to lie :
repentance, re-pent'ans, n.,state ofbeingrepentant; pr.p. reposing; Pa.p. repOsed'.n. a lying at
contrition for sin. rest ; sleep ; quiet : rest of mind : in thefine arts,
fate, far ; me, her ; mine ; mote ; mute ; moon ; then.
 reposit
that harmony which gives rest to the eye. [Fr.
reposer; L. repono, repositionre, back, and
pono, to place.]
reposit, re-poz'it, v.t., to lay up ; to lodge, as for
safety '.pr.p. rcpos'iting ; pa.p. repos'ited.
repository, re-poz'i-tor-i, . that in which anything
is repositedox laid up.
Repossess, re-poz-zcs', v./., to possess again. [L.
re, again, and Possess.]
Reprehend, rep-re-hend', v.t. lit to hold hack; to
blame ; to reprove \pr.p. reprehending ; Pa.p.
reprehend'cd. (L. reprehendo, -hensumre,
back, andprehendo, to lay hold of. See Hand.]
reprehensible, rep-re-hen'si-bl, adj. , worthy ofbeing
reprrlunded or blamed.adv. reprehen'slbly.
reprehension, rep-re-hen'shun, n., act ofreprefund
ing or reproving ; reproof; censure.
reprehenslve, rep-re-hen'siv, adj., reprehending;
containing reproof; given in reproof.
Represent, rep-rc-zent', v.t. lit. topresent again ; to
exhibit the image of; to serve as a sign of: to act
the part of: to stand in the place of : to bring be
fore the mind ; to describe :pr.p. representing ;
Pa.p. represenr/ed. [L. reprasento, -atumre,
again, andPnrsento, to place before. See Present.]
represenUble, rep-re-zent a-bl, adj., that may be
represented.
representation, rep-re-zen-ta'shun; n., act of repre
senting or exhibiting : that which represents ; an
image ; picture ; dramatic performance : part
performed by a representative ; statement.
representative, rcp-re-zenta-tiv, adj., representing ;
shewing a likeness : bearing the character or
power of others ; presenting the full character of
a class.w. one who stands for another : in law,
an heir.
Repress, re-prcs*, v.t. lit. to press Back; to check or
restrain. [L. re, back, and Press.]
repression, re-presh'un, n.t act of repressing; re
straint.
repressive, re-pres'iv, adj., tending or able to
repress.adv. repress'lvely.
Reprieve, re-preV, v.t.. to hold back or delay the
execution of a criminal ; to give a respite to :
pr.p. reprieving ; Pa.p. reprieved'.n. delay in
the execution of capital punishment [prob. from
Fr. reprendre, L. reprehendo. See Reprehend. ]
Reprimand, rcp'ri-mand, or -mand', n. lit. apressing
back or checking ; severe reproof.v.t. to chide ;
to reprove severely ; to administer reproof pub
licly or officially 'pr.p. rep'rimanding : Pa.p.
rep'rimanded. [L. reprintendum, from reprimo,
repressum, to press backrr, back, and Prima,
to press.]
Reprint, re-print*, v.t., to Print again ; to print a
new impression of.n. re'prlnt, another impres
sion of. [L. re, again, and Print.]
Reprisal, re-prTz'al, ., a seizing back or in retali
ation ; anything seized in retaliation ; that which
is seized for injury inflicted. [Fr. reprCsaille, old
Fr. reprehensailte, low L. reprensalia, reprisals,
from reprehendo. See Reprehend.]
Reproach. re-prOch', v.t. lit to bring (some offence)
back or near to one ; to cast in one's teeth ; to
censure severely ; to upbraid ; to revile ; to treat
with contempt :Pr.p. reproaching ; Pa.p. re
proached'.n., the act ofreproaching; reproof ;
censure ; blame in opprobrious language ; dis
grace ; an object of scorn. TFr. reprocher, It
rimproverare, from a supposed L. reprcpiare
re, back, and Prepe, near.]
fate, far ; me", her ; mine ;
Repulse
reproachable, re-pr5ch'a-bl, adj., deserving re
proach ; opprobrious.adv. reproaeh'ably.
reproachful, re-prOch'fool, adj., full of reproachy
or blame ; abusive ; scurrilous : bringing reproach ;
shameful ; disgraceful.adv. reproach'foUy.
Reprobate, rep'ro-biit, adj., reproved or deserving
reproof: condemned ; base ; given over to sin ;
depraved ; vile : in /'.. that will not stand proof
or trial.. an abandoned or profligate person.
v.t. to disapprove ; to censure ; to disown :
pr.p. rep'robating ; pa.p. reprobated. [L. rep-
robo. See Reprove.]
reprobation, rep-ro-ba'shun, ., tie act ofreprobat
ing ; rejection ; the act of abandoning to destruc
tion ; state of being so abandoned.
Reproduce, Te--pro-dQs',v.t.,toproduceagain; toform
anew.n.reprodex'tion. [L.tr,again, and Produce.]
reproductive, re-pro-dukt'iv, adj., tending to repro
duce.
Reprove, rc-prCoV, v.t., to disapprove; to con
demn; to chide; to 'censure: in B., to disprove
or refute. [Fr. rtprouver, old Fr. reprover,
L. reprobo, -atumre, back, and probo, to try
or prove. See Prove.]. reprov er.
reproof, re-prCOf, a reproving or blaming ; re
buke ; censure ; reprehension.
reprovable, re-prCoVa-bl, adj., deserving reproof,
blame, or censure.adv. roprov'ably.
Reptile, rep'til, or til, adj., creeping; moving or
crawling on the belly or with very short legs :
grovelling; low.n. an animal that moves or
crawls on its belly or with short legs^ a grovel
ling, low person. [L. rvptilisrepo, serpo, Gr.
Jierpd, Sans, trip, to creep.]
reptilian, rep-til'yan, adj., belonging to reptiles.
Republic, re-publik, ., thepublic affair or interest ;
a commonwealth ; a form of government by
which the supreme power is vested in represen
tatives elected by the people. [Fr. republique,
L. respublicares, an affair, and publicus, be
longing to the people. See Public]
republican, re-pub'lik-an, adj., belonging to a re
public; agreeable to the principles of a republic.
n. one who advocates a republican form of
government ; a democrat
republicanism, rc-pub'lik-an-izm, n., the principles
of republican government ; attachment to re
publican government
Republish, rC-pubtish, v.t., to publish again or
anew.n. republica tion. [L. re, again, Publish.]
Repudiate, re-pa'di-at, v.t. lit. to kick away with
thefoot; to reject; to disclaim; to disavow:
Pr.p. rcpQ'diating ;Pa.p. repu'diflted. [h.repudio,
repudiatumrepudium} a putting awayre,
away, and Pud, conn, with Pes, pedis, the foot.]
repudiation, re-pQ-di-a'shun, ., the act ofrepudiat
ing: rejection: the state of being repudiated.
[L. repudiatio.]
repudiator, re-pu'di-at-or, ., one who repudiates.
Repugnant, re-pug'nant, adj., fighting against;
hostile; adverse; contrary; distasteful.adv. re
pugnantly. [L. repugnant, -antis, pr.p. of re-
pugnore, against, and Pugno, to fight.)
repugnance, re-pug'nans, n., the state of being re
pugnant ; resistance; aversion; reluctance. [L.
repugnantia.\
Repulse, re-pills', v.t., to drive back; to repel ; to
beat off:pr.p. repuls'ing ; Pa.p. repulsed'.n.
the state of being repulsed or driven back ; the
act of repelling ; refusal. [L. repello, repulsum
re, back, and pello, to drive.] See Pulaata.
mGtc ; mute ; mOQn ; then.
 repulsion
npuUion, re-pul'shun, . , act ofrepulsingor driving
back ; state of being repelled ; power by which
bodies or their particles repel each other.
repulsive, re-puls'iv, adj., that repulses or drives
off; repelling: cold, reserved, forbidding.adv.
rcpuls Ively.n. repuls'iveneas.
Repurchase, rc-pur'chas, v.I. , toPurchaseorbuyback
or again.n. the act of buying again ; that
which is bought again. [L. re, again, Purchase.]
Repute, re-pur*, v.t. lit, to count again or over;
to account or estimate ; to hold :pr.p, reprit'-
injj ; pa.p. reput/ed.. estimate; established
opinion ; character. [L. reputo, -atumre, again,
and pulo, to reckon, to count.]
reputable, rep'flt-abl, adj., ingood repute or esteem ;
respectable ; honourable ; consistent with repu
tation.adv. rep utably.. rep'utablenets.
reputation, rep-Q-ta'shun, n., state ofbeing held in
repute ; estimation ; character as established in
public opinion ; credit ; fame. [Fr. ; L. reputation
reputedly, re-pQt ed-li, adv., in common repute or
estimation.
Bequest, re-kwest', v.t., to seek again ; to ask for
earnestly ; to entreat ; to desire :pr.p. request
ing: PaP- requested. the act of seeking
again ; petition ; prayer ; desire ; demand : that
which is requested ; a want ; the state of being
desired. [ L. requiro, requisitumre, again, and
qiuero, to seek.]
require, re-kwlr', v.t., to seek again; to ask; to
demand; to need; to exact; to direct :Pr.p.
requiring; Pa.p. required'. [L. require]
requlrable, re-kwTr'a-bl, adj., that maybe required;
lit or proper to be required-
requirement, re-kwlr'mcnt, n.r the act ofrequiring;
that which is required ; claim ; demand.
requisite, rek'wi-zit, adj., required; needful; in
dispensable.n. that which is required ; any
thing necessary or indispensable.
requisition, rek-wi-rish'un, the act ofrequiring;
an application ; a demand ; a written request or
invitation.n. requisi'tionist. one who makes a
requisition. [L. requisition
Requiem, rft'kwi-em, or rek', n. a hymn or mass sung
for the quiet or rest of the soul of the dead ; a
grand musical composition in honour of the dead.
[L., acc. of requtes{re, intensive, and quies,
rest), the first word of the hymn 'Requiem cetcr-
nam dona eis, Domine,' ' Give eternal rest to
them, O Lord !']
Require, Requisite, &c Sec under Request.
Requite, re-kwit*, v.t. to give back so as to be quits;
to repay ; to pay in return :pr.p. rcqult'ing ;
Pa.p. required. [L. re, back, and Quit.)
requital, ro-kwlt'al, ., the act of requiting; pay
ment in return ; recompense ; reward.
Keremouse, reVmous, n. lit. the mouse that moves
or agitates the air with its wings ; a bat. (A.S.
hreremushreran, to move, and mus, a mouse.]
Eereward, same as Rearward.
Rescind, re-sind', v.t., to cut aivay or off ; to annul ;
to repeal ; to reverse :pr.p. rescinding ; Pa.p.
rescinded. [L. reseindo, rescissumrc, and
scindo, to cut. Sec Scissors j
rescission, re-stzh'un, the act ofrescinding; the
act of annulling or repealing.
Eeicript, rfi'skript, n., that which is "written in re
turn ; the official answer of a pope or an emperor
toany legal question ; an edict or decree. [L. re-
scriptumre, back, scribo, scriptum, to write.]
Rescue, rcsTcQ, v.t. lit. to shake away or off; to
fate, far; me, her; mine;
residuary
free from danger or violence ; to deliver ; to liber
ate.n. the act of rescuing ; deliverance from
violence or danger; release :Pr.p. rescuing;
pa.p. res'ciied. [old Fr. rescourre, Prov. res-
codre. It. riscuotereL. rr,away, and excute-re,
to shake out, ex, out, and quatio, to shake.]
Research, re-serch', ., a searching again; a care
ful search ; diligent examination or investiga
tion ; scrutiny. [L. re, again, and Search.]
Resemble, re-zem'bl, p. t., to be similar to ; to have
the likeness of; to possess similar qualities or
appearance ; to compare : to make like '.pr.p.
resembling ; Pa.p. rescm'bled. [Fr. ressevnblcr
re, and sembler, to seem, L. simulo, to make
likesimilis, like.]
resemblance, re-zem'blans, ., the state of resem
bling; similitude ; likeness . similarity ; that
which U similar.
Resent, re-zent', v.t. lit. tofeel in return; orig., to
take well : to take ill ; to consider as an injury
or affront ; to be indignant at ; to express indig
nation '.Pr.p. rescnt'ing'; Pa.p. rescnt'ed. [Fr.
ressentir, from L. re, in return, and sentio, to
perceive, to feel.]
resentful, re-zent'fool, adj.. full of or prone to
resentment.adv. resent fully.
resentment, re-zent'ment, ., the act of resenting;
displeasure ; anger ; indignation ; wrath.
Reserve, re-zen/, v.t., to keep back; to keep for
future or other use ; to retain :pr.p. reservlnz ;
Pa.p. reserved'. that which is reserved;
that which is kept for future use ; a part of an
army or a fleet reserved to assist those engaged
in action : that which is kept back in the mind ;
mental concealment ; absence of freedom In
words or actions ; caution. [L. reservo-^rt,
back, and servo, to save, to keep.]
reservation, rez-er-va'shun, the act of reserving
or keeping back; mental concealment; something
withheld ; the state of being reserved or kept
back : a clause, proviso, or limitation by which
something is reserved.
reserved, re-zervd', adj., characterised bpr reserve;
not free or frank in words or behaviour ; shy ;
cold.adv. reserv'edly.n. reserVedness.
reservoir, rcz-er-vwor/, n., a place where anything
is reserved or kept in store ; a place where water
is collected and kept for use. [ Fr.]
Reside, re-zTd', v.t. lit. to sit back or down ; to remain
sitting; to dwell permanently; to abide ; to live :
to inhere:fr.p. resld'ing; pa.p.. resld'ed. [L.
resideore, back, and sedeo, to sit.]
residence, rez'i-dens, n., act ofresiding or of dwell
ing in a place : place where one resides.
residency, rez'i-den-si, n., residence: the offichl
dwelling of a government officer in India.
resident, rcz'i-dent, adj., residing or dwelling in a
place for some time ; residing in the place of his
duties.n. one who resides ; a public minister
at a foreign court.
residential, rez-i-den'shal, adj., residing; having
actual residence.
residentiary, rez-i-den'shar-i, adj., residential.n,
one who keeps a certain residence, esp. an eccle
siastic.
Residue, rez*i-dO, n.t that which is left behind after
a part is taken away ; the remainder. [ L. resi-
duum,(rom resideo, to remain behind. See Reside.]
residual, re-zid'u-al, adj., remaining as residue.
residuary, re-zidu-ar-i, adj., pertaining to iht
residue.
; mdte ; mOOn ; then.
 residuum
residuum, re-zid'Q-um, residue* that which is
left after any process of purification.
Resign, rc-zTn', v./., to sign back or away from ; to
yield up to another : to submit calmly :pr.p.
resigning ; Pa.fi. resigned'. [L. resigno, -attan
re, back, signo, to signsignum, a mark.]
resignation, rcz-ig-na'shun, act of resigning or
giving up : state of being resigned or quietly sub
missive ; acquiescence ; patience.
Resilient, re-zil'i-ent, adj., springing bach or re
bounding. [L. resiliens, resilientis, pr.p. of re-
siIiore, back, and salio, to leap or spring.]
resilience, re-zill-ens, resiliency, re-zill-en-si, act
ofspringing back or rebounding.
Resin, rcz'in, n. an inflammable substance, which
flows from trees in a liquid state. [L. resina ;
~Gr. ritini, prob. from red, to flow.]
redcoat, rcz'in-us, adj., having the qualities of or
resembling rtsin.-adv. res'Uiously.n. res'lnous-
MM.
reslny, rezln-i, adj., like resin,
Resist, re-zist', v.t., to stand against; to strive
against ; to oppose.vd. to make opposition :
Pr.p. resisting ; Pa.p. resist'ed. [L. resistore,
against, and sisto, to stand.]
railstance, re-zist'ans, n., act of resisting; opposi
tion : iximeck, , the jwwer of a body which acts
in opposition to the impulse of another.
resistible, re-zist/i-bl, adj., that may be resisted.
adv. resWibly.n. niurtlMllty, quality of being
resistible.
resistless, rc-zistles, adj., incapable ofbeing resist
ed; irresistible.adv. resist lately.n. resist'less-
nesa,
Resolute, ftc See under Resolve.
Resolve, re-zolv\ v.t, lit. to loose back or asunder ;
to separate into parts : to analyse : to free from
doubt or difficulty ; to explain : to decide ; to fix
by resolution or formal declaration : in math., to
solve: in med., to disperse, as a tumour: in
music, to carry a discord into a concord.v.t'.
to determine <prp. resolving ,* pa.p. resolved'.
n. anything resolved or determined ; resolu
tion; fixed purpose. [L. resolve, resolntum
re, back, and solve, to loose.]
resolvable, rc-zoh/a-bl, adj., that may be resolved
or reduced to its elements.adv. resotr'ably.
resolved, re-zolvd', adj. fixed in purpose.adv. re-
solv'edly.n. resolVednets.
resolute, rer'o-lat, adj., resolved; determined ;
having a fixed purpose ; constant in pursuing a
purpose.adv. ree'olutely,n. res oluteness.
resolution, rez-o-lO'shun, n.t act of resolving;
analysis ; solution : state of being resolved ;
fixed determination ; steadiness : that which is
resolved ; formal proposal in a public assembly.
Resonant, rez'o-nant, adj., sounding back; return
ing sound. [L. resonans, -antis, pr.p. of resono
re, back, and sono, to sound.]
resonance, reVo-nans, act of resounding; the
returning of sound by reflection or by the pro
duction of vibrations in other bodies.
Resort, re-zort/, v.i. lit. to go again or frequently ;
to go ; to betake one's self: to apply ; to have
recourse '.pr.p. resorting ; pa.p. resorted.n.
act of resorting : a nlace much frequented ; a
haunt : resource, [rr. ressortir, prob. from L.
surge, to rise. See Source.]
resource, re-sOrs/, n., that to which one resorts for
supply or support ; an expedient : in means
of raising money ; means of any kind.
fate, far ; me, her ; mine ;
Best
Resound, re-zound', v.t., to sound back; to echo :
to praise or celebrate with sound ; to spread the
fame of.v.i. to be sent back or echoed; to
echo : to sound loudly : to be much mentioned :
Pr.p. resounding; pa.p. resound'ed. [L. re,
back and Sound.]
Resource. See under Resort.
Respect, re-spekr/, v.t. lit. to look back upon; to
esteem for merit ; to honour : to relate to \pr.p.
respecting; pa.p. respect/ed.. act of esteem
ing highly ; regard : .expression of esteem ; de
portment arising from esteem : relation ; refer
ence : in B., good-will ; partiality. [L. respicio,
resfiectumre, back, and specie, to look.]
respectable, re-spekiVbl, adj., worthy ofrespect or
regard : moderate in excellence or number : not
mean or despicable,adv. respect'ably.n. re
spectability, slate or quality ofbeing respectable.
respectful, re-spekt'fool, adj., full of respect;
marked by civility.adv. respect'fully.
respective, re-spekt/iv, adj., havingrespect or refer
ence to; relative : relating to a particular person
or thing ; particular, respectively.
Respirable, Respiration, &c See under Respire.
Respire, re-splr', v.i., to take breath again: to take
rest: to breathe.v.t. to breathe out:;pr.p,
respiring ; pa.p. respired'. [L.respirere, again,
and spire, -alum, to breathe.]
respirable, re-spTr'a-bl, adj. , that may be breathed;
fit for respiration.n. respirabU'lty, quality of
being respirable.
respiration, res-pi-ra'shun, act of respiring or
breathing.
respirator, res'pi-ra-tor, n. a net-work of fine wire
for respiring or breathing through.
respiratory, re-splr'a-tor-i, adj., pertaining to or
serving for respiration.
Respite, res'pit, n. lit. a looking back, hence for
bearance ; temporary cessation of anything ;
pause ; interval of rest : in law, temporary sus
pension of the execution of a criminal.v.t. to
grant a respite to ; to relieve byapause: to delay;
to reprieve '-P^-p- respiting ; Pa.p. respited,
[old Fr. respit; Fr. rtpit ; It, risfietio; L. re-
spectus. See Respect.]
Resplendent, re-splen'dent, adj., very splendid,
shiningbrilliantly ; very brightadv. reeplen'-
dently. [L. rcsplendcns, -entis, pr.p.^ of re-
splendeore, inten., and splendeo, to shine.]
resplendence, re-splen dens, resplendency, re-splen'-
derMi, n., state ofbeing resplendent.
Respond, rc-spond', v.i, lit. to promise a thing in
return ; to answer or reply : to correspond or
suit : to be answerable :pr.p. responding ;
pa.p. respond'ed. [L. respondeo, responsum
re, back, and spondee, to promise.] See Sponsor.
respondent, re-spond'ent, adj., responding; that
answers to expectation.n. one who answers,
esp. in a lawsuit : one who refutes objections.
response, re-spoils', n., actofresponding or answer
ing ; a reply ; the answer made by the congrega
tion to the priest during divine service ; reply to
an objection in a formal disputation.
responsible, re-spon'si-bl, adj., liable to respond or
render satisfaction; answerable.adv. respon
sibly.
responsibility, rc-spon-si-bill-ti, n., state ef being
responsible; what one is responsible for.
responsive, re-spon'siv, adj., inclined to respond;
answering : correspondent,adv. respon'sively.
Rest, rest, ., ease ; quiet; sleep; the final sleep or
mote ; mate ; mOOn ; Men.
433
 restless reticulate
cessation from motion or disturbance; Resurgent, re-sur'jent, adj., rising again, or from
: : place of rest : that on which anything the dead. [ L. resurgens, -en/isre, again, and
rests : a pause of the voice in reading : in music, surgo, surrectum, to rise.]
an interval of silence and its mark.v.i. to re resurrection, rcr-ur-rek'shun, n.,actofrisingagain,
pose ; to sleep ; to be dead : to cease from ac or from the dead.
tion or labour ; to be still : to be supported ; to
lean or trust ; to be satisfied : to come to an end. RerasdtaU, re-susl-tat, v.t. lit, to move quickly
v.t. to layat rest ; to quiet : to place on a sup* v.i. tobeneath
from
revive
again; to revive ; to reproduce.
; to awaken '-Pf.p. resus'ciLiting ;
port :-pr-P. resting ; Pa.p. rest'ed. [A.S. ; Ger. Pa.p. resuscitated. [L. re, again, and suscito
rast ; Dutch, rvs/e, raste.] sus from subsf for sub, from beneath, and cito,
restleea, rest'k--. adj., without rest, to put into quick motioncieo, to make to go.]
continual motion : passed in 1 resuscitation, re-sus-i-ta'sbun, n., act of resuscitat
change or action, unsettled : ing or reviving from a state of apparent death ;
state of being revivified.
Bast, rest, n., that which remains after the separa reiuscltatlve, re-sus'i-tat-iv, adj., tending to resusci
tion of apart; remainder; others. [Fr. reste tate ; reviving; reproducing.
L. resto, to remainre, back, and sto, to stand.] Retail, re-tal', v.t., to cut up again and sell in small
"resr/iv, adj., remaining or standing back parts ; to sell at second-hand : to deal out in
small portions :-~pr.p. retailing ; Pa.p. retailed'.
lively. n. retailer. [Fr. retailler, to cut againre,
Restaurant, res-to-rang/ or res-to-rant', n. a house for again, and tailler, to cut. See Detail.]
refreshment, or for restoring- the strength when retail, re'tal, n. the sale of goods in small quantities.
impaired by hunger or fatigue. [Fr.restaurer, Retain, re-tin', v.t., to hold back; to keep in pos
to restore. See Restore. ] session ; to detain : to employ by a fee paid s
Bestltutlon, rcs-ti-tu'shun, n. lit act of setting up Pr.p. retaining; Pa.p. retained. [L. retineo
again ; act of restoring what was lost or taken re, back, and teneo, to hold.] See Tenure.
away. [L. restitutiorestituo, to set up again retainable, re-tan'a-bl, adj., that may be retained.
re, again, and statuo, to make to stand. See retainer, re-tan'er, one who retains; one who
J is retained in service ; a dependent : a fee paid
, &c See under Beet. to a lawyer to defend a cause.
, re-stOi/, v.t. lit. to make to stand again ; retention, re-ten'shun, ., act or Power of retain
ing; memory: restraint.
hence, to repair ; to replace ; to return : to re
vive ; to cure :-Pf.p. restoring ; Pa.p. restored'. retentive, re-tent'iv, adj., havingpower to i
adv. retent'ively.n. retent iveness.
[Fr. restaurerL. restaurore, retinae, rct'i-nQ, n. the body of retainers who fol
again, and roott sta, to s low a person of rank ; a suite.
hra'shun, .f act ofrestoring; re Retaliate, re-tal'i-at, v.t., to return by giving like
placement; recovery: revival: reparation,
restorative, re-stoYa-tiv, adj., able or temting to for like; to repay.v.i. to return like for like:
Pr.p. retaliating ; pa.p.
talis,retaliated.
of such a [L.
restore, especially to strength and vigour.n. a atumre, retalio,
medicine that restores.adv. restoratively. in return, kind.]
retaliation, re-tal-i-a'shun,
Bestrain, re-str5n', v.t., to strain or bind back the return of like for like ; retribution. n,, act of retaliating;
tightly ; to hold back ; to hinder : to limit :pr.p.
restrain ing ; /a p. restrained', [old Fr. re- retaliative, re-tal'i-a-tiv, retaliatory, re-tall-a-tor-i,
adj., returning likefor like.
straindreL. restringo, restriciumre, back, Retard, rc-tard', v.t., to make tardy or slow; to
and stringo, to draw or bind tightly.]
restraint, re-strint', n. , act of restraining ; state keep ing;
back : to delay : to defer :pr.p. retard'-
Pa.p. retarded, [h. relardore, back, and
of being restrained ; want of liberty ; limitation : tarda, to make slowtardus, slow.] See Tartly.
hinderance.
Restrict, re-strikt', v.t., to bind back tightly; to retardation,hinderance
rC-tar-da'shun, n.t act of retarding;
; obstacle.
limit ; to confine : to repress :pr.p. rcstrict'ing; Retch, rech, v.i. lit. to hawk and spit; to try to
pa.p. restrict'ed.
restriction, re-strik'shun, n., act of restricting; vomit ; to strain : retch'ing ;pa.p. retched'.
[A.S. hracan, to hawk; Dutch, rachelen, to
limitation ; confinement
HKun, re-strikr/iv, adj., having the power or hawk and spit ; Ice, hraki, spittle,]
tendency to restrict.adv. restrict'lvely. Retention, Retentive, &c. See under Retain.
lasult, re-zult', v.i. lit. to spring back; to follow Retlary. See under Betide.
as a consequence ; to originate ; to ensue iPr.p. Reticent, rct'i-sent, adj., very silent. [L. rrticens,
result'ing Pa.p. resulted.n. act of leaping -entis, pr.p. ofreticeore, and taceo, to be silent]
back; cor [L. reticence, ret'i-sens, retlcency, ret'i-sen-si, w. silence;
resultoresitio.] concealment by silence.
resultant, rc-zul t'ant, adj., resulting from combina Reticle, ret'i-kl, Reticule, rct'i-kQl, n. orig. a little
tion.n. in physics, a force compounded of two bag ofnet-work ; a little bag to be earned in the
or more forces. hand. [L. reticulum, dim. of rete, a net]
Resume, re-zflm', v.t., to take back or up again; retlary, rS'shi-ar-i, adj., netlike; constructing a
to begin again after interruption :pr.p. resflm'- web to catch prey : provided with a net
mg-.pa.p. resumed'. [L. resumere, back, sumo, reticular, re-tikTl-lar, adj., having the form of a
sumpturn, to take.] See Sumptuary. smallnet or ofnet-work ; formed with interstices.
returnable, rc-zflm'a-bl, adj., that may be resumed reticulate, re-tik'u-lat, reticulated, rc-tik'Q-lat-ed,
or taken up again. adj., netted; having the form or structure of a
resumption, re-zump'shun, ., act of resuming or net; having veins crossing like net-work..
taking back or again.
fate, far ; me, her ; mine ; mQte ; mute ; mfJDn ; then.
434
 retiform
retiform, ret'i-form, adj. , having theform or struc
ture ofa net, [L. rete, zndforma, form.]
retina, rer/i - na, n. the innermost coating of the eye,
consisting of a fine net-'work of optic nerves.
Retinue. See under Retain.
Retire, re-tTr', v.t., to dram back; to retreat ; to re
cede.v.t. to withdraw: tocause to retire \-r-pr.P.
retir'ing ; Pa.p. retired'. [Ft. rttirrrre, back,
and tirer, L. traho, to draw.]
retirement, rc-tTr/ment, n., act if retiring or with
drawing from society or from public fife : state
of being retired ; solitude ; privacy.
re-tort', v.t. lit, to twist or bend back; to
back : to return.v.i. to return ; to make a
reply \pr.f. retorting; pa.p. retorted.
ft. a censure or incivility returned : a vessel
used in distillation, properly a spiral tube. [ L.
relorvueo, retortumre, back, and torqueo, to
twist.] See Torture.
Retouch, rc-tuch', v.t., to touch again ; to improve,
as a picture, by new touches.n. the re-applica
tion of the artist's hand to a work. [L. re, again,
and Touch ]
Retraco, rS-traV, v.t., to trace back; to go back by
the same course : to renew the outline oC [L, re,
back, and Trace.]
Retract, re-trakt', v.t,, to retrace or draw back; to
recall ; to recant.v.i. to unsay '.pr.p. retract'-
ing ; Pa.p. retracted. [L. retraha, rttractum
re, back,re-traktll,
and traho,orto-ll,draw.]
retractile, adj., that may be re
tracted or drawn back, as claws.
retraction, re-trak'shun, ., act of retracting or
drawing back : recantation.
retractive, re-trakr/iv, adj., able or ready to retract.
adv. retractfively.
retreat, re-treV, n., a drawing back or retracing
one's steps ; departure : the state of being retired
or secluded : the place to which one retires ; a
place of security ; a shelter : mil., the act of re
tiring before a superior force ; the signal for re
tiring from an engagement or to quarters.v.i.
to draw back ; to retire, esp. to a place of shelter
or security ; to retire before an enemy or from
an advanced position :Pr.p. retreat'ing ; Pa.p.
retreated. [Fr. retraite, L, retractusretraho.]
Retrench, re-trensh', v.t., to trench at cut off or
away ; to render less ; to curtail.v.i. to live at
less expense ; to economise. [L. re, away, and
Trench.J
retrenchment, rc-trensh'ment, ., the act of re
trenching; or cutting off; the act of lessening or
abridging ; reduction : in fort., a work within
another for prolonging the defence.
Retribution, rct-ri-bu'shun, n. lit a givingback; re
payment : suitable return ; reward or punishment.
[L. retributiorttribiw, to give backre, back,
and tribuo, to give.] See Tribute,
retributive, re-trib'Q-tiv, adj., belonging to retribu
tion; repaying; rewarding or punishing suitably.
Retrieve. rc-treV,, v.t. lit. tofind again ; to recover;
to recall or bring back ; to bring back to a former
to repair :pr.p. rctriev'ing ; Pa.p. re-
trieved'. [Fr. relrouverre, re, again, and trc
to find.] See Trover,
retrievable, re-treVa-bl, that may be retrieved
or recovered.adv. retrieVably.
retriever, rc-treVer, n,, one who retrieves : a kind
of dog trained to seek and bring back game that
has been shot, and to recover anything lost.
fate, fir; me", her ; mine ;
itroceertou, reVtro-sesh'un, a going back. [L.
retrocessusretro, back, and cede, to go.]
Retrograde, re'tro-grad, adj., going backward; fall
ing from better to worse.v.i. to go backwards :
Pr.p. retrograding ; Pa.p. re trograded..
retrogra-da'tion. [L. retrogradusretro, back
ward, and gradior, gressus, to go.]
retrogression, rc-tro-gresh'un, n., agoingbackward;
a decline in excellence,
retrogressive, re-tro-gres'iv, adj., going backward.
adv. retrogresi'ively.
Retrospect, re'tro-spekt, n., a looking back ; a con
templation of the past, [from L. retrospicio,
-specturnretro, back, and specie, to look.]
retrospection, rf-tro-spek'shun, n., the act or faculty
oflooking back on the past.
i, rf-tro-spekrtv, adj., looking back;
to the past.adv. retrospectively.
, re-turn', v.i., to turn back; to come back
to the same place ; to go back to the same state :
to answer ; to retort.v.t. to bring or send back ;
to transmit ; to give back ; to repay : to give back
in reply ; to report ; to give an account.n. the
act of returning ; the act ofgoing back ; revolu
tion ; periodic renewal ; the act of bringing or
sending back ; restitution ; repayment ; the profit
on capital or labour : a reply ; a report or account,
esp. official. [L. re, back, and Turn.]
returnable, re-turn'a-bl, adj., that may be returned
or restored.
Reunion, rC-fln'yun, ., a union again ; a union
after separation; an assembly. [L. re, again,
and Union. ]
reunite, rS-u-nTt', v.t., to unite again; to join after
separation ; to reconcile after variance.-v.i. to
become united again ; to join again.
Reveal, re-viT, v.t. lit. to take back the veilfrom,
to unveil; to make known; to disclose :Pr.p.
reveal'ing ; Pa,p. revealed'. [L. revelore, back,
and veto, to veilvelum, a veil.]
revelation, rev-e-15'shun, n., the^ act ofrevealing or
making known ; that which is revealed : the re
vealing divine truth ; that which is revealed by
God to man ; the last book of the New Testa
ment. [L. revelatio.]
Reveille, rS-vel'y3, n. the sound of the drum or
trumpet at daybreak to awaken soldiers, [Fr.
revetIreveilUr, to awakere, again, and
veiller, L. vigilare, to watch.] See Vigil.
Revel, rev'el, v.i. to feast in a riotous or noisy
manner; to carouse : to move playfully '.Pr.p.
rebelling; pa.p. revelled.n, a riotous or tumul
tuous feast; carousal.*. reVeller. (old Fr. re
veler, Prov. revellar, L. rebell&re, to rebel, see
Rebel]
revelry, rev'el-ri, ., riotous or noisyfestivity.
Revenge, re-venj', v. t. lit, to lay claim to in return ;
to punish or injure in return ; to avenge :
Pr.p. reveng'ing ; Pa.p. revenged'.n. the
act of revenging; injury inflicted in return; a
malicious injuring in return for injury received ;
the passion for retaliation.n. revenger, [old
Fr. revenger, Prov. revenjarL. re, in return,
and vindtco, to lay claim to.] See Vindicate.
revengeful, re-venj'fool, adj., full of revenge or a
desire to inflict injury in return ; vindictive ;
malicious.adv. revenge fully.
revengement, re-venj'mcnt, n. in B., revenge.
Revenue, rev'en-Q, n. lit. that which comes back;
return ; the receipts or rents from any source ;
mote ; mute ; rnSOn ;
435
 Reverberate
income ; the income of a state- [Fr.
revmir, L. revenirtre, back, venio, to come.]
Beverberate, re-ver'ber-at, v.t lit. to beat or cast
back; to send back, as sound ; to echo; to re
flect ; to drive from side to side, as flame.v.i. to
echo ; to resound ; to be repelled '.Pr.p. rever
berating; fa.p. reverberated. reverbera'tlon.
[L. re, back, and verbero, -atum, to beat, from
verber, a lash.]
reverberatory, re-vcrTier-a-tor-i, adj., that reverber
ates; returning or driving back.
Revere, rc-vcV, v.t, to stand in awe of; to regard
with respectful awe ; to venerate :pr.p. revel
ing; j*aj*. revred'. [Fr. reverer, h. revertor
re, intens., and vereor, to feel awe.]
reverence, rev'er-ens, n. fear arising from high re
spect ; respectful awe ; veneration ; honour : an
act of revering or obeisance ; a bow or courtesy :
a title of the clergy.v.t to regard with rever
ence ; to venerate or honour '.pr.p. reverencing;
pa.p. referenced. [Fr. ; L. reverentia.)
reverend, refer-end, adj., worthy of reverence: a
title of the clergy : in B., awful, venerable. [Fr. ;
L. reverendusrevertor.,]
reverent, refer-ent, adj., shelving reverence ; sub
missive ; humble.adv. reverently.
reverential, rev-er-en'shal, adj., shewingreverence;
respectful ; submissive.adv. reveren'tially.
Reverie, refer-i, n. lit. a dreaming; an irregular
train of thoughts or fancies in meditation ; volun
tary inactivity of the external senses to the im
pressions of surrounding objects. [Fr., from
river, to dream. See Have.]
Beverse, re-yers', v.t., to turn back; to place in
the opposite position ; to change wholly ; to over
throw ; to change by an opposite decision ; to
annul :pr.j>. reversing ; Pa.p. reversed'.n.
that which is reversed ; the opposite ; the back,
esp. of a coin : change ; misfortune.adj. turned
backward ; having an opposite direction. [L. re-
verto, reversumre, back, and verto, to turn.]
reversal, re-vers'al, n,, the act of reversing; a
change ; an overthrowing or annulling.
reversible, re-virsl-bl, adj., that may be reversed.
reversion, re-ver'shun, n., the act of reverting ox
returning ; that which reverts or returns : the
return or future possession of any property after
some particular event ; the right to future posses
sion. [L. reversion
reversionary, re-ver'shun-ar-i, adj., relating to a
reversion; to be enjoyed in succession.
revert, re-vert^ v.t., to turn or drive bach; to
reverse.v.u to return; to fall back: to refer
back : to return to the original owner or his heirs :
Pr.p. reverting; Pa.p. reverted. [L. reverto.]
revertlble, re-vertl-bl, adj., that may revert or be
reverted.
Bevery, same as Reverie.
Review, re-vQ', v.t., to view again; to look back
on ; to reconsider ; to examine carefully ; to in
spect, as a body of troops.n. a viewing again ;
a reconsideration : a careful or critical examina
tion ; a critique ; a periodical with critiques of
books, &c. : mil., an inspection. [L. re, again,
and View.]
reviews!, re-vO'al, n., a review ofa book ; a critique.
reviewer, re-vu'er, . , one who reviews.
Revile, re-vfl', v.t, to treat as vile in return; to
reproach ; to calumniate '.pr.p. reviling ; Pa.p.
reviled'.. revU'ex. [L. re, back, and Vile.]
fate, far; me, her; mine ;
Reward
Revindicate, re-vin'di-kSt, v.t, to vindicate again ;
to reclaim. [L. re, again, and Vindicate.]
Revise, re-vlz*, v.t, to look back on a thing ; to re
view and amend Pr.p. revising ; Pa.p. revised".
n. review ; a second proof-sheet.n. revia'er,
[L. re, back, and visa, to look at attentively,
intens. of video, to see.]
reviial, re-vlz'al, revision, re-vizh'un, n., act of re
vising; review.
Revisit, re-vizlt, v.t, to visit again, [L. re, again,
and Visit.]
Revive, re-vTv', v.i., to return to life, vigour,orfame :
to recover from neglect, oblivion, or depression,
v.t to restore to life again ; to awaken : to re
cover from neglect or depression '.Pr.p. reviv
ing ; Pa.p. revived'.n. reviser. [L. re, again,
and vivo, to live. See Vivid.]
revival, re-vlv'al, n., act ofreviving; recovery from
languor, neglect, depression, &c. ; renewed in
terest in or attention to ; a time ofreligious awak
ening.n. revivalist, one who promotes religious
revivals,
revivify, rc-viVi-fl, v.t., to cause to revive; to re
animate.n. reviviflca'tion.
Revoke, re-vOk', v.t, to call back; to repeal; to
reverse :pr.p. revflk'ing ; pa.p. revoked'. [L.
revocore, back, and voco, to call. See Vole*. ]
revocable, revo-kabl, adj., that may be revoked.
n, reVocableness.adv. reVocably.
revocation, rev-o-ka shun, act ofrevoking ox re
calling ; repeal ; reversal.
Revolt, &c, Bevolnte, &c. See under Revolve.
Revolve, re-volv7, V.i., to roll back; to roll round
on an axis: to move round a centre.v.t. to
cause to turn : to consider :~pr,p* revolving ;
Pa.p. revolved'. [L. revolvo, revolutumre, back,
and volvo, to roll.]
revolver, re-volv'er, n., that which revolves; a
firearm which, by means of revolving barrels, can
Are more than once without reloading.
revolate, refol-flt, adj., rolled backward,
revolution, rev-ol-fl'shun, act of revolving;
motion round a centre ; course which brings to
the same point or state ; space meai
revolving body : extensive change in the
ment of a country ; a revolt.^
revolutionary, rev-ol-u'shun-ar-i, adj.. Pertaining
to or tending to a revolution in government,
revolutionise, rev-ol-O'shun-Tr, v.t, to cause a revol
ution or entire change of anything '.pr.p. rev-
ola'tionlsing ; Pa.p. revolQ'tionlsca.
revolutionist, rev-ol-u'shun-ist, ,, one wkoPromotes
or favours a revolution.
revolt, re-volt\r. lit to rollback; to turn away: to
renounce allegiance : to be grossly offended.v.t.
to cause to rise in revolt : to shock:pr.p. revolt
ing; pa.p. revOlt'ed.n. a rebellion.n. revolt'er.
revolting, re-vfllt/ing, adj., causinga turning asoaj
jrom; shocking.adv. revolt'ingly.
Revulsion, re-vul'shun, n. lit. a tearing off; disgust :
the diverting ofadisease from onepart to another.
[L. revulsiorevello, revulsum, to tear off or
awayre, away, and vello, to tear.]
revulsive, re-vul'siv, adj., tending to revulsion.
Reward, re-wawrd', n., a guerdon, or that which is
given in return for good or evil received ; recom
pense ; retribution ; the fruit of one's own labour.
v.t. to give in return ; to requite, whether good
or evil ; to punish : in J?., to recompense :pr.p.
rewarding ; pa.p. reward'ed. [L. re, in return,
and old Fr. guerdon. See Guerdon.]
mote ; mate ; mOOa ; then.
 Reynard
Reynard, rS'nard, same as Renard.
Rhapsody, rar/so-di, n. lit. dispersed pieces or songs
loosely sewed or strung together ; a part of an
epic poem for recitation at one time : any wild,
unconnected composition. [Gr. rhapsddia
r/tapto, to sew, and ddi, a song.]
rhapsodic, rap-sod'ik, rhapsodical, rap-sod'ik-al, adj. ,
Pertaining to, consisting of, or resembling
rhapsody.adv. rhapsod'lcally.
rhapsodise, rap'so-dist, ., one who recites or sings
rhapsodies; one who composes verses extem
pore : one who speaks or writes disjointedly.
Rhenish, rcn'ish, adj., pertaining to the river
Rhine. [L. Rhenus.\
Rhetoric, rer/o-rik, n. the art of speaking with pro
priety, elegance, and force. [Gr. rhitorixe
rhetdr, a public speakerrheS, to speak.]
rhetorical, re-tor'ik-al, adj., pertaining to rhetoric ;
oratorical.adv. rhetorically.
rhetorician, ret-o-rish'an, n., one who teaches the
art ofrhetoricl an orator.
Rheum, ro"5m, . the flow or discharge from the
lungs or nostrils caused by cold ; increased action
of any organ, esp. of the mucous glands. [L.,
Gr. rneumaGr. rhe&. to flow.]
rheumy, rOTml, adj.,full ofor causing rheum.
rheumatism, rOOnVa-tizm, n. a painful affection of
the joints with swelling or stiffness, so named
from a notion that the pain was caused by rheum
or humour flowing through the part affected.
rheumatic, rCcVmarik, rhevnatlcal, rGO-mat'ik-al,
adj., pertaining to, oraffected with rheumatism.
, rT-nos/er-os, . a very large ai
allied to the elephant, having a very thick skin,
and one or two horns on the nose. [L. ; Gr. rhi-
nokerdsrhin, rhinos, nose, heras, a horn.]
ndron, rfl-do-den'dron, n. lit. the rose-tree
a genus of plants having evergreen leaves, and
large beautiful flowers like roses. [Gr. rhodon,
a rose, and dendron, a tree.]
Rhodomontade. See Rodomontade.
Rhomb, romb, Rhombus, ronVbus, n. lit. that which
may be spun or turned round; a quadrilateral
figure having its sides equal, but its angles not
right angles. [L. ; Gr. rhombosrhembd, to turn
round and round.]
rhombic, rom'bik, adj., shaped like a rhomb.
rhomboid, rom'boid, n. a figure of the^rwr of a
rhomb ; a quadrilateral figure having only its
opposite sides and angles equal. [Gr. rhombos,
and eidos, form.]
rhomboid*!, rom-boid'al, adj. , having the shape of
a rhomboid.
rhomb, rumb, n. lit. that which goes round and
round; orig. a meridian, especially the principal
meridian ofa map ; any vertical circle, hence any
point of the compass.
Rhubarb, roT/barb, n. a plant, the stalks of which
are much used in cooking and the root in medi
cine, so called because brought orig. from the
banks of the Rha or Volga, [low L. rhabar-
barumL. Rha, the Volga, barbarus, foreign.]
Sec under Rhomb,
rim, . words expressed in numbers or
verse ; poetry : the correspondence of sounds at
the ends of verses.v.i. to correspond in sound ;
to make rhymes or verses.v.t. to put into
rhyme '.pr.p. rhym'ing; pa.p. rhymed', [old
Ger. rim; A.S. rim, gerim, W. rhif Bret.
rumm, number.]
f.Uc, fir; me, her; mine;
Riddle
rTmles, adj., without rhyme, [rhymes.
; rim er, rhymrter, rlm'ster, n., one who makes
Rhythm, rithm, n., flowing motion ; metre ; regular
recurrence ofaccents. [L. rhythmusGr. rhythm
mosrhed, rheusomai, to flow.]
rhythmic, rith'mik, rhythmical, rith'mik-al, adj., hav
ing, or pertaining to rhythm.
Rib, rib, n. one of the bones from the backbone
which encircle the chest : anything like a rib in
form or use ; a piece of timber which helps to
form or strengthen the side of a ship : a vein of
a leaf: a prominent line or rising.v.t. to furnish
or enclose with ribs ; to form with rising lines.
pr.p. ribbing ; pa.p. ribbed'. [A.S., Dutch, rib;
Dan. ribbe, prob. conn, with Ger. reif, a rope,
a hoopr raufe, a rack.]
ribbing, nb'ing, a%, an arrangement ofribs.
Ribald, rib'ald, n., a lewd fellow; a loose, low
character adj. low ; base ; mean. [Fr. ribaud;
It ribaldoold Ger. hriba, ribe, a prostitute,
and suffix aid.]
ribaldry, rib'ald-ri, n., the actions of a ribald;
obscenity; filthiness : low and vulgar scurrility.
Riband, Ribband, rib'and. Ribbon, rib'on, n. lit, a
band round the neck ; a fillet or strip of silk : a
narrow strip.v.t. to adorn with ribbons :pr.p.
ribb'oning; Pa.p. ribb'oned. [Fr. ruban; old
Fr. riban; prob. for ring-band, it being orig. for
the neck.]
Rice, rls, n. one of the most useful and extensively
cultivated of grains, like oats when ripe. [Fr.
ris, rix; It. rtso; L., Gr. orysa.]
Rich, rich (comp. richer, superl. rich'eft), adj. lit.
like a king in wealth ; abounding in possessions ;
wealthy : valuable ; sumptuous : fertile : full of
agreeable or nutritive qualities: bright, as a
colour : full ofharmonious sounds : full of beauty.
adv. richly. [A.S. rice, rich, powerful ; Prov.
ric, powerful ; Ice. riki, power ; Ger. reich, king
dom ; Gael, righ, king ; L. rego, to rule.]
riches, rich'cz, n.pl. (in B. sometimes n.sing.),
power; rule ; wealth : richness : abundance, [old
E., Fr. richesse.]
richness, rich'nes, n., state ofbeing rich; wealth:
abundance ; fruitfulness : value ; costliness :
abundance of imagery.
Rick, rik, n., a pile orheap, as of hay. [A. S. hreac,
Ice. hraukr, a pile, asoffuelhreykia, topile up.]
Rickets, rik'ets, n.sing. a disease of children, char
acterised by great debility, supposed to arise from
1 spine. [A.S. hric, hrycg, the back, the
spine ; low L. rachitisGr. rachts, the spine.]
rickety, rik'et-i, adj., affectedwith rickets; feeble.
Ricochet, rik'o-sha, or -shet, n. rebound along the
ground, as of a ball fired at a low elevation. [Fr.,
the skipping of a flat stone on the surface of
water.]
ricochet, rik-o-shet', v.t. to fire at with guns at a
low elevation, so as to make the balls skip on the
ground :pr.p. ricochett'ing ; Pa.p. ricochctt'ed.
Rid, rid, V.t. lit. to separate by drawing away; to
free ; to deliver : to remove by violence : to clear ;
to disencumber:pr.p. ridd'ing; pa.t. andpap.
rid. [A.S. hreddan, to deliver, Dan. redde, Ger.
retten, to savereissen. to separate, to draw
away, Scot, red, Ice. hrtoda, to clear away.]
riddance, rid'ans, n., act ofridding or freeing.
Riddle, rid 1, n. lit. something to be read or dis
covered ; a puzxling question ; an enigma.v.i.
to make riddles; to speak obscurely.v.t. to
niOte; mate; mOOn; then. ,
437
 Riddle
solve, as a ridtlle >-/r./. riddling ;pa.p. riddled.
[A.S. rardelsrtzdan, to guess, to read.]
Biddle, rid'l, a large sieve for separating coarser
materials from finer.v.t. to separate with a
riddle, as grain from chaff: to make full of holes
like a riddle, as with shot \-~pr.p. ridd ling ; pa.p.
riddled. [A.S. hriddelhridriax, to sift; Ger.
rddel, a riddlerdden, to sift.]
Bide, rid, v.i. lit. to move, to be carried along"; to
be borne, as on horseback or in a carriage; to |
practise riding : to float, as a ship at anchor.
v.t. to rest on so as to be carried :pr.p. rld'ing ;
Pa.t. rode ; /*/ ridd'en.n. act of riding; an
excursion oft horseback or in a vehicle ; the course
passed over in riding: a district inspected by an
excise-officer. [A.S. ridan; Ice. reida,to move,
Ger. rwiten, to move along.]
rider, rld'er, ., one who rides on a horse ; one who
manages a horse : an addition to a document
after its completion on a separate piece of paper ;
an additional clause.
riding, rld'ing, adj., used to ride or travel : suitable
for riding on, as a horse.n. a road for riding
on : a district visited by an excise-officer.rid'ing-
habit. rid'lng-iklrt, the long upper habit, garment,
or skirt worn by ladies when riding.
Sidge, rij, n. , the back or top of the back ; anything
like a back, as a long range of hills ; an extended
protuberance ; the earth thrown up by the plough
between the furrows ; the top of a roof.v.t. to
form into ridges ; to wrinkle :pr.p. ridging ;
jfci./. ridged'. [A.S. hrict krycg, Ice. hryggr,
Ger* rucken, the back ; akin to rage71, rtcken, to
extend, to stretch.]
ridgy, ry'i, adj., having-, or rising in ridges.
Ridicule, ridl-kuL n., a laughing at ; wit exposing
one to laughter; mockery.v.t. to laugh at; to
expose to merriment; to sneer at: to mock:
pr.p. ridiculing ; j>a.p.laughterrideo,
ridiculed. [L. ridiculum
ridiculus, exciting to laugh.]
ridiculous, ri-dik'O-lus, adj. deserving or exciting
ridicule; laughable; absurd.adv. ridic'ulously.
n. ridiculousness. [L. ridiculosusridiculus.]
Riding. See under Bide.
Biding, riding, m. one of the three divisions of
the county of York, [a corr. of A. S. tkritking,
tkriding, a third partthry, tkri, three.]
Rife, rlf, adj., ripe, full grown ; abundant ; prevail
ing.adz\ rifely.n. rlfe'neu. [AS. ryf, pre
valent; prov. E. riftj ripe, abundant; Ice. rifr,
liberal ; Ger. rei/e, ripe] See Eipe.
Bill*, rl'fl, v.t., to snatch away; to carry off by
force ; to strip, to rob '.pr.p. rffling ; pa.p.
rifled.n, ri fler. [Fr. riper, to sweep away ;
Ger. riff*, riffel, a flax-combriffsn = raffen,
to snatch, to seize. See Baffle ]
rl'fl, v.t., to groove :pr.p. ri'fling; 6n.p.
rrfled.n, a musket with a barrel spirally
grooved to give the ball a rotary motion. [Dan.
*ifl*> riffel, the groove in a rifle ; Ger. riefeln,
to channelriefe, a channel, a groove.]
rifleman, rl'fl-raan, ., a man armed with a rifle.
Rift, rift, . an opening riven or split in anything ;
a cleft or fissure.v.t. to rive ; to cleave.v.i to
split ; to burst open '.pr.p. rifting ; pajt. rifted.
[A.S.
ry/t,
Big,; rig. tjji, Dan.
ju>.m. riftrive,
7-1j irive, to10 split.
spue, See
ace Bive.1
mv*.j
vJ.t to clothe, to dress; to put on : naut.,
toa fit with sails and tackling :pr.A rigging *
/<*/ ngged'.-.
... sails and tackling. [AS.'
wrigan, wrihan, to cover, clothe.]
4:2 fate, far ; me, her ;
ringdove
rigging, riglnff, n., dress; tackle; the system of
cordage which supports a ship's masts and ex
tends the sails.
Big, rig, n. (Scotch) a ridge, [from root of Bidgo.]
Bight, rtt, adj., straight: most direct: upright;
erect : according to truth andjustice : according
to law; true: correct; just: fit; proper: exact;
most convenient ; well performed : most dexter
ous, as the hand ; on the right hand ; on the right
hand of one looking towards the mouth of a
river : in math., upright from a base ; containing
90 degrees, adv. rightly.n. rignt'neea. [AS.
rihi, rthi, Ger. reckt, L. rectusrego, to guide.]
right, rlt, adv., in a straight or direct line; in a
right manner ; according to truth and justice ;
correctly : very ; in a great degree,
right, rlt, n. , that which is right or correct ; truth ;
justice ; virtue : freedom from error : what one
has a just claim to; privilege; property: the
right side.v.t. to make right or straight; to
set upright : to do justice to.v.i. to recover the
proper position :pr.P. rjghtlng ; Pa.p. righted.
righteous, rlt'yus, adj. lit. in a right way or man
ner; living and acting according to right and
justice ; free from guilt or sin : equitable ; merited.
adv. rignt'eoaMly, in the Litany,justly.jighf-
eotuneis. [old E. rigktwise; A.S. rihtwisriht,
and wis, a way or manner. The form righteous
has been caused by the influence of such words
as bounteous, plenteous, &c]
rightful, rJtTool, adj. , having right ; according to
justice.adv. rightfully.. right'faine.
Rigid, rijld, adj., stiff, as with cold; not easily
bent: severe : strictadv. rigidly.n. rig'idnc**.
[L. rigidusrigeo, to be stiff with cold ; akin to
Gr. nged, to shiver with cold.]
rigidity, ri-jid'it-i, state of being rigid; stiff
ness ; the quality of resisting change of form.
rigour, rig'ur, n. Ik. rigidity; the quality of being
rigid or severe: stiffness of opinion or temper;
strictness: severity of climate : in mod., a sense
of chilliness with contraction of the skin. [L.
rigorrigeo.]
rigorous, rigWus, adj., exercising rigour; allow
ing no abatement ; marked by severity ; harsh;
scrupulously accurate : very severe.adv. rigor
ously.n. rlg'oroQsne&s.
Bill, ril. n. a small murmuring brook ; a streamlet
v.i. to flow in small streams '.pr.p. rilling ;
pa.p. rilled', [prob. from the trickling, trembling
sound ; Dutch, riilen, trillen, to tremble ; Ger.
rille, a rill : or from L. rivulus, dim. of rirrus,
a river. See Bivulet.]
Bun, rim, n. a raised margin ; a border : a brim-
v.t. to put a rim to :pr.p. rimming;- j>a.p.
rimmed'. [A.S. rima, W. rhim, a rim.]
Rime, rTm, n. hoar-frost; frozen dew. [A.S. krim,
Dutch, rijm, old Ger. krifo, Ger. reif.]
rimy, rim'i, adj., covered with rime ; frosty.
Bind, rind, ., that which touches on the outside ;
the external covering, as the skin of fruit, the
bark of trees, &c. TA. S. rind, rhind, Ger. rinds :
prob. from A. S. hrinan, old Ger. rinan, to touch.
Bing, ring, n. a circle : a circular ornament of gold
for the finger, &c. ; a circular area for races, Sc.;
a circular group of persons.v.t. to encircle : to
fit with a ring:/r./. ringing ; Pa.p.
[AS. kring, Ger. ring, Ice. hringr,
Dan. kringle, to run round.]
ringdove, ringMuv, n. the cushat or wood-pigeon;
so called from a white ring or line on the neck.
 ringleader roam
ringleadtr, ringlfid-er, n., the leader or head of a elevation of the voice. [A.S. risan ; Ice. rtsa ;
riotous body, [from obs. ringUad, to lead in the Goth, reisan: intransitive form of Raise.]
ring of a dance, to conduct) [of hair, rising, rlr'ing, n., act of rising: resurrection: in
ringlet, ringlet, a little ring; a curl, especially B. % a tumour.
ring-ousel, ring'-CO-zel, n. a species of thrush, like Risible, riz'i-bl, adj. orig. able to laugh ; capable
the black-bird, with a white ring or bar on the of exciting laughter ; laughable ; amusing.adv.
breast. [See Ousel.] ris'ibly.n. risibility, quality of being risible.
ring-straktd, ring'-strikt, adj. in B., streaked -with [L. risibilis, from rideo, risum, to laugh.]
rings. # .... Risk, risk, n. lit. a dangerous rock; hazard ; degree
ringworm, ring'wurra, n. a skin disease in which of danger ; chance of loss or injury.v.t. to ex
itchy pimples appear in rings as if caused by a pose to hazard ; to venture :fr.p. risking ; pa.p.
'worm. risked'. [Fr. risque; It. risico; Sp. risco, a rock
Bluff, ring, v.i., to sound, as a bell when struck ; L. rtseco, to cut offre, off, seco, to cut.]
to tinkle : to practise the art of ringing bells : Rite, rlt, n. a religious usage or ceremony. [Fr.
to continue to sound : to be filled with report. rite, L. ritus.]
v.t. to cause to sound, as a metal ; to produce by ritual, riru-al, adj., consisting of or prescribing
ringing :pr.p. ringing ; Pad. rang, rung ; /a./, rites.n. manner of performing divine service,
rung.n. a sound, esp. of metals : the sound of or a book containing it.adv. rit'tuUly. [L.
many voices; a chime of many bells. [A.S. ritualis.]
hringan. Ice. hringia, to ring bells, hringla, to ritualism, nr'Q-al-izm, ., system ofrituals or pre
clink ; Dan. ringle, to tinkle: from the sound.] scribed forms ofreligion ; the observance of them.
Bliuw, rins, v.t., to cleanse by introducing water : ritualist, rit'O-al-ist, n. one skilled in or attaching
to cleanse with clean water :>r./. rins'ing ; extreme importance to the ritual.adj. riteal-
pa.p. rinsed'. [Fr. rincer; old Fr. rinser; Ice. Ut'ic, pertaining to the ritual.
kreinsa ; Ger. and Dutch, rein, Dan. rem, pure. ] Rival, rVval, n. lit. one who lives on the opposite
Blot, riot, v.i., to brawl; to raise an uproar: to side of a river, and contends sometimes for the
run to excess in feasting, behaviour, &c. ; to be use of it ; one pursuing the same object as
highly excited :pr.p. rfoting; pa.p. rfoted.n. another; one who strives to equal or excel
uproar ; tumult : a disturbance of the peace : ex another ; a competitor.adj. having the same
cessive feasting ; luxury.n. rioter. [Fr. rioter, claims ; standing in competition.v.t. to stand
Bret, riot*; Gael, raoit, shameless mirth.] in competition with ; to try to gain the same
riotou, rl'ot-us, adj.} engaging in riot ; seditious ; object as another ; to try to equal or excel :
tumultuous : luxurious ; wanton.adv. riotously. Pr.p. rivalling ; tja.p. rivalled. [L. rivalis
n. ri otouraaas. virus, a brook. See Rivulet.]
Rip, rip, v.t. to divide by cutting or tearing; to rivalry, rl'val-ri, n.t act ofrivalling; competition ;
cut open ; to take out by cutting or tearing ; to
tear up for search or alteration :~pr.p. ripping ; Rive, riv, v.t., to tear asunder; to split.v.i. to
pa.p. ripped7.n. a tear ; a rent ; a place torn. be split asunder '.pr.p. riving ; pa.p. rtved',
[A.S. rypan ; Dan. ri/pe; Ice. rifa, to tear: riven. [Dan. rive, W. rhwyb, to tear; Sw.
rifwa, to rive ; akin to Rob, Reave, &c. ]
Ripe, rip, adj.,., reaayjvr
readyfor narvest amvca at per River, riv'eT, . lit. a bank or shore; a large run
harvest ; arrived
fection : fit for use; developed to the 1 ning stream of water. [Fr. riviere. It riviera,
xeady : resembling ripe fruit.adv. shore, riverL. riparia, belonging to a bank
ripely.n. ripeness. [A.S. from rip, harvest; ripa, bank, the present meaning of river having
Dutch, ri/P; Ger. rtif] arisen from a confusion with rivus, stream. See
ripen, rip'en, v.i., to grow rite : to approach or Rivulet.]
reach perfection v.t. to make ripe ; to bring to Rivet, rivet, n. a bolt of metal fastened by being
perfection '.pr.p. rlp'ening ; pa.p. rip ened. hammered at both ends.v.t. to fasten with a
Ripple, rir/1, n. the little waves on the surface of ing rivet: to make firm or immovable '.pr.p. rivet
running water ; a little wave.v.i. to cause a ; pa.p. riveted. [Fr. ; Port rebitar, It.
ripple in.v.i. to curl on the surface, as running rtoadtre, to rivet]
water '.pr.p. ripp'ling_ ; Pa.p. rippled, [prob. Rivulet, rir'u-lct, nr., a small river or stream; a
from the sound of running water.] brook. (L. rivulus, dim. of rivus, a stream,
Hippie, ripl, v.t., to pluck the seeds from stalks of akin to Sans, sru, Gr. red, to flow.]
flax by drawing them through an iron comb : Roach, rOch, n. a fresh-water fish of a silvery
fr.p. rippling; pa.p. rippled.n. the comb for colour. [A.S. reohche; Dutch, rock; Ger. rveke.}
rippling. [Ger. ran/en, to pluck, raHfeln, to Road, rod, n. lit. that on wkick one rides ; an open
ripple ; low Ger. repeln ; Dan. ri&bel, a ripple.] way for passengers and traffic: in B., a plundering
Bum, tlx, v.i. to move from a lower to a higher road, excursion. [A.S. rod, a riding, road. See Ride, j
position ; to ascend ; to grow upward ; to swell placerGd, roadstead, rOd'sted, roads, rods, ft. a
where ships ride at anchor.
in quantity or extent : to take an upright posi
tion ; to leave the place of rest ; to tower up ; to roadster, rOd'ster, naut., a vessel riding at
appear above the horizon : to break forth ; to anchor in a road; a horse fitted for travelling.
appear : to have its source ; to increase in size, roadway, rOd'wi, n. the way or part of a road or
value, &c. ; to become excited or hostile ; to break street travelled by carriages.
forth into commotion or insurrection ; to in Roamer, rOm'er, n. lit. a pilgrim going to Rome; a
crease in rank, fortune, or fame; to come to wanderer, {old Fr. romier; Sp. romero; It
mind : to close a session : in />'. , to ascend from romeoL. Roma, Rome.]
the grave :pr.p. rls'ing ; pa. t, rOse ; pa.p. ris'en. roam, rflm, v.t. lit to be a roamer; to rove about ;
n. act of rising ; ascent: degree of elevation: to ramble.v.t. to wanderover :Pr.p. roam'ing ;
a steep ; origin : i Pa.p. roamed', [or conn, with Room.]
fate, far ; mi, her ; mice ; mote ; mute ; mOOn ; Men.
439
 Roan Roman
Roan, rOn, adj. having a bay or dark colour, with lull to sleep ; to cause to totter.v.i. to be moved
spots of gray and white; a mixture having a backward and forward ; to totter ',pr.p. rocV-
decided shade of red.n. a roan colour ; a roan ing; pa.p. rocked'. [Dan. rokke; Ice. rugga ;
horse: grained sheepskin leather. [Fr. rouan;
Sp. roano.\ old Ger. rukjan, to move.]
rocker, rok/er, n., one who rocks; the curved sup>-
roan-tree, rowan-tree, ro'an-tre", n. the mountain-ash, port on which a cradle or rocking-chair rocks.
a small tree having a trunk of a roan colour, Rod, rod, n. lit that which growsfrom a root ; &
and bearing small red berries, [also given from slender stick ; an instrument of punishment ; an
Goth, runen, to know, from its use in divination. emblem of power or authority; a shepherd's
See Eon*.] crook; a fishing-rod; a pole or perch: fig. pun
Boar, rOr, v.i. to utter a full, loud sound; to cry, ishment: authority; oppression: in B., race or
as a beast ; to cry aloud ; to bawl '.fr.p. roar/- tribe. [A.S.; Dutch, rvede ; Ger. rutke; old
ing ; Pa.p. roared'.n. a full, loud sound ; the Ger. ruota; akin to L. rudis, a rod, and Sans.
cry of a beast ; an outcry of mirth or of distress. ridh, mh, to grow.]
[A.S. rarian ; old Ger. reran: from the sound.]
roaring, rflr'ing, w., act or sound ofroaring: a dis Bode, rod, past tense of Bids.
ease of horses causing them to roarin breathing. Rodent, itfdent, adj., gnawing* [L. rodens, ro
dentis, pr.p. of rodo, to gnaw.]
Bout, rOst, v.t. lit. tofry upon agrate orgridiron ; Rodomontade, rod-O-montad', n. vain boasting, like
to cook before a fire ; to parch by exposure to that of Rodomonte
heat ; to heat to excess ; to dissipate the volatile Ariosto, a celebratedinItalian the Orlando Furioso of
poetv.i. to boast
parts ofby heat ;frp. roasting; pa.p. roast/ed. or bluster.
n. that which is roasted. [Dutch, roosten; Roe, ro, n. the eggs or spawn offishes. [Gzr.rogtn;
Ger. rffsten, to fry, rvst, a grate, gridiron ; old old Ger. rogan; Sw. rvg; Ice. hrvga.}
Ger. rvstjan.]
Bob, rob, v.t., to rive or take away from by force Boe, ro, n. a roebuck ; a female deer. [See Roebuck.]
or theft ; to plunder : to steal ; to depnve : in Roebuck,divided
rOTmk, n. a species of deer, having horns
into three branches. [A.S. rah, rack;
B.t to withhold what is due ',pr.p. robbing ;
Pa*p. robbed'.n. robb'er, one who robs, [old Fr. Ger. rrh, rehbock; Ice. ra.]
robcr: Fr. dirober; Ger. rauben; conn, with Rogation, ro-ga'shun, n., an asking; supplication.
L. rapio, to seize, and Bap, Bear*, Rive.] [ L., from rogo, to ask.]Rogation-days, the three
robbery, rob'er-i, ., act or crime of robbing or days before the festival of Ascension, being days
taking away unlawfully ; theft. of special supplication.
Bobs, rOb, . lit plunder, which orig. consisted Rogue, rog, . lit. a proud or haughty person ; a
chiefly of clothing ; a gown or outer garment ; a dishonest person ; a knave : a mischievous or
dress of dignity or state ; a rich dress.v.t. to frolicsome person : in law, a vagrant. [Fr. rogue;
dress, as with a robe ; to clothe :pr.p. robing ; Ice. hrvkr, proud, haughty.]
pa.p. robed'. [Fr. ; It. roba ; Prov. rauba, A.S. roguery, rog'er-i, . orig. the life ofa rogue; knav
reaf, garment, spoil : from root of Bob.] ish tricks ; fraud : waggery ; mischievousness.
Robin, rob'in, Robin-redbreast, rob-in-rcd'brest, n. roguish, rOglsh, adj., like a rogue ; knavish :
a singing bird with a reddish breast [a familiar nlihneii ; mischievous.adv. rog'uiahly.n. rc*/-
waggish
form of Robert : or from low L. rubecula, the
robinrubeo, to be red.] Roll, rdl, v.i. to turn like a wheel; to turn on an
Robust, ro-bust/, adj. lit hardy, like an oak; of as axis : to be formed into aroll orcylinder : to move,
great strength or vigour: requiring strength. ous!y waves ; to be tossed about ; to move tumultu
adv. roburt'ly.. robuifness. [L. robustus to side; ;totobewallow hurled : to rock, or move from side
: to spread under a roller : to
robur, oak, prob. akin to Gr. rdml, strength.]
Rochet, roch'et, n. lit a garment withfolds; a to roll ; to turn onbeaten
sound as a drum rapidly.v.t. to cause
an axis : to wrap round on
surplice with narrow sleeves worn by bishops : a itself: to inwrap ; to drive forward : to move upon
mantlet worn at ceremonies by the English
peers. [Fr. ; old Ger. roc, Ger. rock, a garment, awheels drum
: to press with a roller : to beat rapidly, as
:pr.p. rolling ; pa.f. rolled'.u. act of
from Ice. hntcka-, Gael, roc, fold.]
Rock, rok, . a large mass of stone: that which rolling is rolled
: that which rolls ; a roller : that which
up ; hence parchment, paper, &c. wound
has the firmness of a rock ; defence ; strength ;
immovability. [Fr. roc, roche; It. rocca; Gael. into a circular form: a document; a register:
roc; W. rhwg, a projection : prob. akin to root a drum. [Dutch and Ger. rotten; Ice. sound
a kind of fancy bread : the continued of
rhutla;
of L.frango, Gr. rhtg-numi, to break.] W. rholio; It rotolare; L. rotulo, -arerota, a
rock-pigeon, rok-pij'un, n. a Pigeon inhabiting rocks. wheel.]
rock-ialt, rok'-sawlt, n., salt in root-like masses. roller, rOler, that which rolls; a cylinder used
rock-work, rok'-wurk, n. in arch., masonry in imita for rolling, grinding, &c. : a long broad bandage.
tion of masses of rock : in hort., a pile of earth in
covered with stones with plants growing between. rolling, pi.rOlIng, heavy waves.
adj. , moving on wheels : used in
rocky.rok'i, adj.,full of rocks ; resembling a rock: rolling.roU'ing-ptn, a cylindricalpin or piece of
hard; unfeeling: obdurate. n. rock'lness. wood for rolling paste.roll'lug-preo, a press of
Rock, rok, n. a distaff or frame from which the two cylinders for rolling or calendering cloth.
thread is drawn in spinning. [Sw. ; Ice. rockr; roll ing-stock, the stock of engines, carriages, &c
old Ger. rveco; It. rocca.) ofa railway.
rocket, rok'et, n. lit. a small rock or distaff"; afire- Romaic. See under Roman.
work which is projected through the air. [It Roman, rO'man, adj., Pertaining to Rome or to
rvecheito; Ger. rackete.} the Romans : pertaining to the Roman Catholic
Rock, rok, v. t. , to move backward and forward ; to religion; papal: in print., noting the letters
fate, far ; mc, her ; mine ; mOte ; mute ; mOCn ; Men.
440
 Homan-Catholio
commonly used, as opposed to Italics ; written
in letters (used by the Romans, as IV.), not in
figures (as 4).n. a native or citizen of Rome.
[L. RomanusRoma, Rome.]
Roman-Catholic, rO-man-kath'c-lik, adj. denoting
the Christians throughout the world who recog
nise the spiritual supremacyofthe Pope or Bishop
of Rome.n. a member of the Roman Catholic
Church.
Romanise, rO'man-Tz, v.t. to convert to the Roman
Catholic religion.v.i. to conform to Roman
Catholic opinions or practices ijtr.j}. RO'manls-
ing ; pa p. Ro'manTsed.
Bonanism, rO'man-izm, n., the tenets ofthe Roman
Catholic Church,
Romanist, rG'man-ist, n. a Roman Catholic.
Romish, rOm'ish, adj., belonging to Rome, or to
the Roman Catholic Church.
Romaic, ro-mi'ik, n. modern Greek, the language
ofthe descendants of the Eastern Romans. [Fr.
RomaSque; modern Gr. rSmaikosL. Roma,]
romance, ro-mans', n. the dialects in S. Europe which
sprung from a corruption ofthe Roman or Latin
language ; a tale written in these dialects ; any
fictitious and wonderful tale ; a fictitious narrative
sn prose or verse which passes beyond the
limits of real life.adf belonging to the dialects
called Romance.v.t. to write or tell romances;
to talk extravagantly '.Pr.p. romanc'ing ; P&-P-
romanced'.n. roman'cer. [old E. and old Fr.
rvmant,
manciumL.Sp. romance, It. romanzo,
Romanicus, Roman.] low L. ro-
Romanosqae, rO-man-esk', n., that which pertains
to romance: in arch., the debased style adopted
in the later Roman empire : the dialect of Lan-
guedoc and other districts of the south ofFrance.
[Fr. : It. romanescoRomanicus.]
romantic, ro-man'tik, adj., pertaining to or resem
bling romance; fictitious; extravagant: wild;
fantastic.adv. roman tically.n. roman ticneii.
Romp, romp, v.i., to ramp ; to play noisily ; to skip
about in play '.pr.p. romp'mg ; j}a.p. romped .
ft. a girl who romps : rude frolic, [a form of
Ramp.J
romplah, romp'ish, adj. fond of romping or noisy
play.adv. romp'lahly.n. romp'lahneai.
Rondeau, Rondo, ron'dO, n. lit. that which goes
round or returns upon itself; a little poem in
three parts, of which the first two or three words
are repeated at the end of the second and third
part, and which thus ends as it began. [ Fr. , from
rond, round. See Round, j
Rood, r50d, n. lit. a rod; the fourth part ofan acre,
or forty perches, so called from the rod used in
measuring : a figure of Christ's cross, and often
of the crucifix, in R. C churches, [same as Rod.]
Roof, rOOf, n. the cover of a house or building ; a
vault or arch, or the inner side of it : a house or
dwelling.v.t. to cover with a roof : to shelter :
Pr.p. rTOf'ing; pa.p. rTOfed'. [A.S. hrof;
Dutch, roef.]
rooflnx, rtJDf'ing, n., act of covering with a roof;
materials for a roof ; the roof itself.
roofless, rOOfles, ., without a roof; having no
house or home ; unsheltered.
Rook, rook, n. a kind of crow, so called from its
croak. [A.S. hroc; Dutch, rock; Goth, hrukjan,
to croak. See Crow.]
rookery, rook'er-i, ., a place to which rooks resort
to build their nests, as a wood.
Rook, rook, n. a castle or piece used in playing
fate, far ; mi, her ; mine ;
rose-wood
chess. [Fr. roc; It. rocco: according to Diet}
from rukh, a camel with a tower for archers.]
Room, rfiCm, ., space; an apartment; extent of
place ; space unoccupied : freedom to act ; fit
occasion: place of another; stead: in /.' , :\
seat. [A.S. and Ice. rum; Ger. raum; old Ger.
rumi.]
roomy, rOoWi, adj., having ample room; wide;
spacious.adv. room ily.n. room'inese.
Roost, rOOst, n. a pole or support on which a bird
rests at night : a number of fowls resting together.
v.i. to sit orsleep on a roost '.pr.p. rOost'ing ;
Pa.p- rOOsr/ed. [A.S. hrost; Dutch, roest; prob.
akin to Dutch, rust, rest, or to Ger. rosl, a
Sating of rods, Scot, roost, the spars forming
e roof of a cottage.]
Boot, r30t, n. lit. that which grows ; the part of a
plant which is fixed in the earth, and which draws
up sap from the soil ; an edible root : anything like
a root ; the bottom ; a word from which others are
derived ; the cause or occasion of anything : in
math., the factor of a quantity which multiplied
by itself produces that quantity ; the value of the
unknown quantity in an equation.v.i, to fix
the root; to be firmly established.v.t. to pfant
in the earth ; to implant deeply '.pr.p. rooming;
pa.p. routed. [Ice. and Sw. rot; Dan. rod; akin
to L. radix, Gr. riza, a root, Sans, ruh, to
grow : conn, with Rod.]
rootless, roUt/les, adj., destitute ofroots.
rootlet, rCOtlet, n., a little root; a radicle.
Root, rOut, v.t., to turn up with the snout, as swine.
v.i. to turn up the earth with the snout :
/r./. ro"Ot*ing ; fa-P- roUt/cd. [A.S. wrotan;
Dutch, wroeten ; Ger. rotten, probably akin to
Gr. oruttd, to dig.]
Rope, rBp, n. a thick twisted cord or line.v.i. to
extend into a thread, as by a glutinous quality ;
Pr.p. rCp'ing; /a./, rflped'. [A.S. rap; Ice.
reip; low Ger. rtep ; Ger. reif]
roper, rOp'er, a maker ofropes.
ropery, rflp'er-i, a place where roj}es are made.
rope-walk, rOp-wawk, n. a long walk or piece of
ground, or a building, where ropes are made,
ropy, rOp'i, adj., that can be roped, as glue ; ad
hesive ; glutinous.adv. rop'ily.n. rop'lness.
Rosaceous, Rosary. See under Rose.
Rose, pa.t. of Rise.
Rose, rOz, n. a plant of many species with a beauti
ful flower, generally red; a rosette : a perforated
nozzle of a pipe, &c. : pink, the colourof the rose.
[Fr. ; L. rosa, akin to Gr. rodon, prob. akin to
eruthros, red.]
rosaceous, ro-za'shus, adj., Pertaining to the rose
family: in bot., having the petals arranged like
those of the rose. [L. rosaceus.]
rosary, ro'zar-i, n. lit. a rose-bed, hence the title of
some books containing flowers or extracts from
preceding authors ; esp. a series of prayers ; the
string of oeads by which Roman Catholics count
their prayers.
rose&I, ro/'j-al. adj., like a rose.
roseate, rOz'c-at, adj., rosy; full ofroses ; blooming ;
red.
rosette, ro-zet', n. lit a little rose; an imitation of
a rose by means of a ribbon : in arch., a rose-
shaped ornament. [Fr., dim. of rose.]
rose-water, rozZ-waw-ter, water distilled from
rose leaves.
rose-wood, roY-wood, the wood of a Brazilian
tree having a fragrance like that of roses.
mCte ; mute; mSOn; then.
44*
 rosy routine
cosy, rCz'i, adj., like a rose; red; blooming; It.n. rough'neee. [A.S. hruh, ruk, rough, Ger.
blushing ; charming.n. roe'toese. ranch, Dutch, rnych, Dan. ru, hairy, rough.]
Eoairy, roVmar-i, Roamarm, roz'ma-ren, n. lit. ugh, ruf, v.t., to make rough: to break in a
sea-dew; a small, pretty, fragrant evergreen horse '.pr.p. roughing ; pa,p. roughed'.
shrub of a warm, pungent taste, once used as an roughen, rufn, v.t., to make rough.v.t. to become
emblem of fidelity. [L. rotmarinusros, dew, rough '.pr.p. rough'ening ; pa.p. rough'ened.
and marinus, from mare, the sea.J rongblsfa, ruPish, adj., somewhat rough.
Rosin, ro/in, ., the resin left after distilling off the rough-rider, ruf-rld-er, n., one who rides rough or
oil from common turpentine.v.t. tomb or cover untrained horses; a horse*breaker.
with rosin '.pr.p. ros'ining ; pa.p. ros'incd. Round, round, adj. , rotund or wheel-shaped; cir
[a form of Reiin. ] cular ; globular : whole ; complete : plump; large:
rottny, roz'in-i, adj., like or containing rosin. smooth ; flowing : open : plain : positive ; bold :
Rostral, Rostrate, &c. See under Roetrum. brisk.adv. in a round manner; on all sides;
Rostrum, ros'trum, n. lit. that which gnaws, the from one side or party to another; circularly.
beak; in ancient Rome, an erection for public Prep, arpund ; on every side of ; all over. m.T
speakers in the Forum, adorned with the beaks that which is round; a circle or globe : a series
or heads of ships taken in war ; the platform of actions ; the time of such a series ; a turn :
from which a speaker addresses his audience. routine : revolution : cycle : an accustomed walk:
[L.redo, rosum, to gnaw, Sans, rod, to divide.] a step of a ladder : a song or dance having a
rostral, ro^tr^X, adj., belongingto or like a rostrum frequent return to the same point : a volley or
or beak. general discharge of firearms : that in which a
rostrate, ros'trSt, rostrated, ros/tr5t-ed, adj.,beaked. whole company takes part.v.t. , to make round;
roBtrlform, ros'tri-form, adj., liaving theform or to surround ; to go round : to complete : to make
shape ofa beak. full and flowing.v.i. to grow or become round
or full ; to go round :Pr.p. rounding ; /j
Rot, rot, v.i., to decay with damp ; to putrefy , round'ed. [Fr. rvnd, Ger. rund, L. roinndus
to decompose.v.t. to cause to rot ; to bring to ' rota, a wheel. ] See Rotary.
corruption :>r.j#. rotting; j)a.f. rott'ed.- roundabout, round'a-bout, adj. , goingroundabout ;
decay; putrefaction; a disease of the potato. _ encircling : circuitous ; indirect,*, a horizontal
decay (called dry-rot) which attacks timber; a revolving wheel on which children ride.
fatal distemper in sheep. [Fr. rouir, Ger. rtSsten, roundel, round'el, n.t anything ofa roundform or
to steep or soak : Dutch, roesten, to let lie in wet, figure ; a circle ; a roundelay. [Fr. rondelle.]
rot, rottenness, Ice. rotna, to decay.] roundelay, round'e-la, n., a round; a song or dance
rotten, rot/n, adj., decayed, esp, with damp. in which parts are repeated, [old Fr. rondelet,
putrefied ; corrupt ; decomposed : unsound : dim. ofrond.]
treacherous.. rott'ennea. Roundhead, roundlied, n. a Puritan, so called, in
Rotary, rO'tar-i, adj., turning like a wheel; rota the time of Charles I. from the Puritan fashion
tory. [L. rota, a wheel, akin to Sans, ratka, a of having the hair cut close to the head.
chariotri, to go.] round-house, round'-hous, n., a house of a. rounS
rotate, rC'tat, v.t., to turn anything round like a shape: in ships, a cabin or house erected on the
wheel; to cause to turn.v.i. to turn round like after-part of the quarter-deck.
a wheel '.pr.p. rotating ; Pa.p. rO'tatccL [L.
roto, rotaturnrota,'] roundly, round'H, adv., in a round manner; fully;
rotation, ro-ta'shun, n.t a turning round like a completely; boldly; openly; plainly,
wheel; revolution or series. [Fr. ; L. relatio.) roundness, round'nes, n. . quality of being
rotatory, rfl'ta-tor-i, adj., turning round like a globular or cylindrical; cylindrical fform: foK
wheel; going in a circle ; following in succession. ness ; smoothness of flow : plaii
[from L. rotator, one who turns.] round-robin, round-rob'tn, n. a peti
rote, rot, n. lit. a wheel or round of words : the fre natures in the form ofa circle or round ribbon,
quent and mechanical repetition ofwords without so as not to shew who signed first. [Fr. rvnd,
knowledge of the meaning. [L. rota, a wheel.]
rotund, ro-tund', adj., wluel-shaped'; round ; spher round, and ruban, a ribbon.]
ical.ns. rotund'nesa, rotundity. [L. rotundus.] Room, roux, v.t. , to raise up; to stir up : to awaken :
rotund*, ro-tun'da, rotundo, ro-tun'do, a round to excite to ; to put into action ; to startle or start,
building. [Fr. rotonde, Jt rotondo.] as an animal.v.i. to awake ; to be excited to
rone, rSO'a, n. lit. one broken on the wheel; a crim action \-~pr.p. routing ; pa.p. roused', [from
inal ; a profligate; a rake; a debauchee. [Fr., root of Rise, Raise.]
pa.p. oftvuer, to break on the wheel, from roue, Rout, rout, n., a crowd; a tumultuous crowd, a
L. rota, a whceL] abble : a large party ; a fashionable evening
Rotten. See under Rot. ssembly. [old Fr. route, Ger. rotte, W. rhw9tC\
Rotund, &c. See under Rotary. Rout, rout, n. lit tJtat which is broken; the defeat
Rouge, roc-zh, adj., ruby or red.n. a red paint of an army or body of troops ; the disorder of
used to colour the cheeks or Hps.v.t. to colour troops defeated.v.t. to put to disorderly flight ;
with rouge.vd. to paint with rouge:Pr.p. to defeat and throw into confusion; to conquer:
rouging ; pa.p. rouged . [ Fr. ; It. roggio, robbio, pr.p. routing; Pa.p. routed, [old Fr. route,
h. rubeus, red. See Ruby.] Prov. rota, It rottaL. ruptus, rupta, pa.p. of
ruf, adj., hairy; shaggy ; not smooth ; un rumpo, to break.] See Rapture,
even : uncut; unpolished; unfinished : boisterous; route, rSOt, n., a broken or beaten way; a count
to be traversed ; a line of march ; road ; track.
disagreeable ; harsh ; [Fr.L. ruptus, rubta.]
" ; disordered
utine, rOTSt-en', n., the beaten or ordinary way;
course of duties ; regular course of action. [Fr.]
fSte, far; me, her; mine; mOte ; mate ; mOOn ; Men.
 Rove
Rot*, rOv, v.t. lit to rob ; to wander over like rob
bers.v.i. to wander about ; to ramble ; to
range :pr.p. roVing ; pa.p. roved'. [A.S. rta-
fian, Dutch, rooven, Dan. rove, to rob. Ice. r&fa,
to wander about.] See Bob.
rover, roVer, one who roves ; a robber or pirate ;
a wanderer : an inconstant person.
Bow, rfl, n. lit. a rod; a One ; a rank : persons or
things in a line. [A.S. rmva, Fr. rate, Ger. reins,
Ice. rd'J, a line ; L. radius, a rod. See Bod.]
row, rfl, v.t. to impel with a rod or oar ; to trans
port by rowing.v. i. to work with the oar ; to be
moved by oars:pr.P. rowing; Pa.p. rowed'.
n. an excursion in a rowing-boat [A.S.
rowan, Dutch, roejen, Ger. ruder*, from Dutch
rvede, a rod, an oar, roer, Ger. ruder, an oar.]
rower, ru er, n., one toko rows.
rowlock, rOlok or rufulc, n. the place or lock for
the oar in rowing. [Bow, and Lock.]
Rowan-tree, rO'an-tre. See roan-tree.
Bowel, row'el, n. , tie little wheel with sharp points
in a spur ; a little flat wheel or ring on horses'
bits, [old Fr. rouelie, dim. of roue, L. rota, a
wheel]
Royal, royal, adj., regal, or belonging lo, becom
ing, orresemblinga king; magnificent ; splendid :
noble ; illustrious : magnanimous : enjoying the
favour or patronage of the sovereign.adv. roy
alty. [Fr. ; L. regalts.] See Bsgal.
royal, royal, n. a large kind of paper : a sail above
the top-gallant sail : one of the soldiers of the
ist British regiment of foot : one of the shoots
of a stag's head,
royullsm, royal-ism, attachment to kings or to
the principles of kingly government
royalist, roy al-ist, ., an adherent to royalism.
royalty, roy'al-ti, n., state ofbeing royal; the char
acter, state, or office of a king ; majesty : the king
or sovereign ; an emblem of royalty ; the right
or privilege of a king, sometimes of a superior;
kingdom, [old Fr. royaulti, low L. regalitas.)
Rob, rub, v.t. to move something over (the surface
of with pressure or friction : to clean ; to polish ;
to wipe ; to scour ; to erase or beat out ; to
touch hard.v.i. to move along with pressure ;
to grate : to fret '.pr.p. rubb'ing ; pa.p. rubbed'.
n, , tft? act ofrubbing; that which nibs: a colli
sion ; an obstruction ; difficulty ; a pinch : a joke.
[GacL rub, W. rhubio, Dan. rubbe, Ice. rubba,
to move a thing from its place.]
rubber, ruber, n., one who or that which rubs;
caoutchouc : a coarse file : a contest of three
games, the game that decides the contest
rub'ish, n. , that which is rubbed off; waste
er ; the fragments of ruinous buildings : any
Rubescent, Rubicund, Rubric. Sec under Baby.
Raby, rCo'bi, redness; anything red : a precious
stone of a red colour.adj. having the colour
of the ruby; red.v.t. to make red:pr.p.
ru'bying: Pa.p. rQ'bied. [Fr. rubis; It rubino
L. rubeusruber, red.]
rubescent, rOT-bes'eat, adj., growing red; tending
to a red colour. [L. rubescens, -entis, pr.p. of
rubesco, to grow redrubeo, to be redruber.]
rubicund, r07> oi-kund, adj., inclining to ruby or
redness; ruddy.
rubric, rOc/brik, n. lit. red earth for colouring ; the
portions ofbooks in red ink : the directions for the
service, in the prayer-books, formerly in red
fate, far; mi, her; mine ;
Rule
letter : an ecclesiastical injunction : a thing defi
nitely settled. [L. rubricaruber.]
Rudder, rud'er, . the instrument by which a ship
is rowed or steered, which originally was an oar
working at the stern. [A. S. rother; Ger. ruder,
an oar.J See Row, n. and v.
Ruddy, rudl (comp. mdd'ler, superl. rudd'lest), adj.
of a red colour ; of the colour of the skin in high
health.adv. rudd'Uy.n. ruddiness, [old E.
rode, the colour of the face, from root of Bed.]
Rude. rOOd (comp. rud'er, superi. md'eit), adj. lit
raw, crude; uncultivated ; barbarous; rough:
harsh : ignorant : uncivil.adv. rade'ly.n. rude'-
neaa, [L. rudis. See Baw.]
rudiment, rOOd'i-ment, n. anything in its rude or
first state : a first principle or element
rudiment*!, rTOd-i-mental, rudimentary, rOTJd-i-
mentar-i, adj., pertaining to, consisting^ in, or
containing rudiments or first principles ; initial.
Rue, r50, n, a plant used in medicine, having a
bitter taste and strong smell. [A. S. rude ; L.
ruta; Gr. rhuti.)
Rue, roTJ, v.t., to be sorry for; to lament :pr.p.
rue'ing : pa.p. rued'. [A.S. hreowan, to be sorry
for; Ger. roue, old Ger. kriuwa, mourning.]
rueful, rOO'fool, adj., sorrowful; piteous.adv.
rue/fully. n. rue'fulness.
Bull, ruf, that which is maderough or wrinkled;
an ornament of frills formerly worn round the
neck : anything plaited : a species of wading
bird, the male of which has the neck surrounded
in the breeding season with a ruff of long
feathers.v.t. to ruffle >Pr.p. ruffing ; Pa.p.
ruffed'. [It arruffare, to roughen the Hair ; Sp.
rufo, curly-haired; Ice. rufinn, rough ; Dutch,
ruyffel, wrinkle.]
ruffle, ruf1, v.t. , to make like a ruff, to wrinkle ,* to
form into plaits ; to form with ruffles : to dis
order ; to agitate.v.i. to grow rough ; to flutter :
Pr.p, ruffling ; pa.p. ruffled.n. a plaited
article ofdress : agitation : alow roll of the drum,
ruffler, ruf'lcr, . lit one who ruffles; a bully.
Bofflan, ruf'i-an, n. lit. a ruffler or bully ; a liber
tine : a brutal, boisterous fellow ; a robber ; a
murderer.adj., brutal ; boisterous. [Fr. ruffen;
Sp. rufan, from root of ruffler.]
rufflaniem, rufi-an-izm, n., practice ofa ruffian.
ruffianly, rufi-an-li, adj., like a ruffian ; violent.
Ruffle, Ruffler. See under Ruff.
Rufous, rOT'fus, adj., reddish or brownish-red ;
havingreddish hair. [L. rufus, akinto ruber, red.]
Bog, rug, n. a coarse, rough woollen cloth or cover
let ; a soft, woolly mat. [from root of Rough.]
Rugged, rug'cd, adj., rough; uneven; shaggy:
sour: stormy: grating to the ear.adv. rugg-
[from root of Rough.]
. rGO-goV, Bugous, rOO'gus, adj., wrinkled;
full of wrinkles. [L. rugosusruga, a wrinkle.]
Bala, rOO'in, a rushing orfallingdown violently;
destruction ; overthrow : that which destroys :
the remains of a building demolished or decayed
(usually in //.)v.t. to demolish ; to destroy; to
defeat : to impoverish '.pr.p. ruining ; pa.p.
ruined. [L.ruinaruo, to rush or tumble down.]
ruinous, r6*oln-us, adj.,fallen to ruins; decayed:
pernicious.adv. ruinously.
Rule, r ,...[, n., that which regulates or keeps
straight ; government : a principle : a standard :
a statute ; a maxim : order ; an instrument used
in drawing lines.v.t. to govern: to manage:
i
 ruler Rust
to settle as by a rule : to establish by decision ; along the ground : the moving stone of a mill :
to determine, as a court: to mark with lines, a rope to increase the power of a tackle.
v.i. to exercise power : to decide ; to lay down running, run'ing, adj. kept for the race : successive ;
and settle : to stand or range, as prices :pr.p. continuous : flowing ; easy : discharging matter.
ruling; Pa.p. ruled'. [Fr. rigle; L. rtgntm n. act of moving swiftly : that which runs or
rego, to keep straight, to rule.] flows ; discharge from a wound.
ruler, rOoTer, one who rules; a sovereign ; a Rone, rOOQ, n. one of the characters forming the
governor : an instrument used in drawing lines. earliest alphabet of the Teutonic ^nations, ori
ruling, rODl'ing, adj. predominant; prevailing. ginally used for divination. [Teut. run, a mys
Bam, rum, n. a kind of spirit distilled from the tery, runa, a whisper, helrun, divination ; A.S.
fermented juice of the sugar-cane, or from mol run, a magical character, mystery.]
asses, [said to be a West Indian or American runic, roUn'ik, adj., relating to runes, to the ancient
word : Wedgwood gives from slang rum-boose, Teutonic nations, or to their language.
good or strong liquor.] Rung, rung, pa.t. and Pa.p. of Ring.
Ramble, rum'bl, . a seat for servants behind a car Runlet, Runner, Running. See under Run.
riage. [?J
Rumble, rum'bl, .t,'to make a confused noise from Rupee, rSo-pe', n. an . Indian coin about 29s.
when gold, and 2s. when silver. [Hind, rupiyak
rolling heavily '.pr.p. rum'bling ; pa.p. rum'- Sans,
bled.. a low, heavy, continued sound. [Ger. rupa, rupya, handsome, wrought silver or gold
beauty: or Sans, rupyarupa, form,
rummeln, rumpeln, from the sound.]
ranbttBg,rum'bling,.a low,heavy,continued sound. Rupture, rup'tilr, n.of, atheman
from the figure on the coin.]
act of breaking or burst
Ruminate, r5o'mi-n&t, v.i. to bring the food from ing: the state ofbeing broken: a breach ofpeace:
the paunch to chew it over again ; to chew the in mod., the protrusion of any of the- viscera.
cud : to meditate.v.t. to chew over again : to v.t. to break or burst ; to part by violence.v.i,
muse on \-~Pr.p. rO'minating ; pa.p. rO'minated. to suffer a breach :pr.p. rup'turing ; Pa.p. rup
[L. rumino, -atumrumen, the paunch.] tured. [Fr. ; low L. rupturaL. rumpo, rmp-
ruminant, rOT'mi-nant, adj. having the power of tum, to break.]
ruminating or chewing the cud.n. an animal Rural, rooYal, adj., ofor belonging to the country;
that chews the cud, as the ox, &c.
rumination, rCO-mi-nA'shun, n.t act of ruminating suiting the country]; rustic : pertaining to agri
culture.adv. rur ally. [L. ruralisrus, ruris,
or chewing the cud : calm reflection. the country.]
Rummage, rum'aj, v.t. to search the roomage or rurajiie, rCOral-Ir, v.t., to render rural.v.i. to
space into which things are stowed ; to search become rural ipr.p. ruVallsing ; Pa.p. rur'allied.
narrowly by turning things over.v.i. to search rustic, ms'tik, adj., pertaining to the country;
a place narrowly :pr.p. rumm'aging ; pa.p. rural : rude ; awkward : simple ; coarse : artless :
rumm'Sged.n. a careful search. [Dutch, ruim ; unadorned.adv. rus tically. [L. rusticusrus.)
Fr. rum, room. See Room.] rusticate, rus'ti-kat, v.t., to send into the country ;
Rumour, rTO'mur, . lit. a noise ; a repeated saying ; v.t. to banish for a time from a town or college.
flying report; a current story.v.t. to report; to live in the country :pr.p. rus'ticating ;
to circulate by report '.Pr.p. rfl'mouring \Pa.p. pa.p. rus ticated. rusUca'tion. [L. rusticor,
rusticatusrus.]
rumoured. [L. rumor, prob. from root otrau- rusticity, rus-tisl-ti, n., the state of being rustic;
cus, hoarse, rado, to bray, Sans, rm, to sound.]
Rump, rump, n. the end of the backbone of an rustic manners ; simplicity ; rudeness. [Fr. rus
ticiff; L. rusticilas.]
animal with the parts adjacent. [Ger. rumpf; Rush, rush, v.i. to move with a shaking, rustling
Dutch, rompe; Ice. rumpr; Sw. rumpa, a tail.]
Rumple, rum'pl, v.t., tofold; to wrinkle; to make noise, as the wind ; to move forward violently ;
to enterrashly and hastily :Pr.p. rushing ; pa.p.
uneven '.pr.p. rum'pling ; Pa.p. rumpled.n. rushed'.n.
a fold or wrinkle. [A.S. hrympelle, a fold ; hriscian, to ashake, rushing or driving forward. [A.S.
Ger. rauschen, to make a
Dutch, rompelen, to fold.] noise, as the wind or the sea : from the sound.]
Run, run, v.i. to move swiftly; to pass quickly Ruse, rOOz, n. lit a getting out ofthe way; a turn
on the ground ; to flee ; to go, as ships, &c, ; to ing or doubling, as of animals to get out of the
have course in any direction ; to flow : to dart : way of dogs; a trick ; fraud. [Fr.
to turn : to extend : to pierce : to melt : to be or double ; old Fr. reuser, to get outruser. to turn
of the way ;
busied : to become : to be in force : to discharge Fr. refuser, Sp. refusar. See Refuse.]
matter, as a sore : to press, esp. for immediate Rush, rush, n. a plant with a round stem and no
payment.v.t. to cause to move swiftly; to leaves, common in wet ground. [Scot, rasck,
force forward ; to push ; to cause to pass : to rash; A.S. risce; L. ruscum.]
fuse : to discharge, as a sore : to pursue in
thought: to incur .pr.p. running; pa.t. ran rushy, rushl, adj.,full ofor made of rushes.
or run ; Pa.p. run. act ofrunning; course ; Rusk, rusk, n. a kind of light hard cake ; a kind of
flow : discharge from a sore : distance sailed ; light soft cake or sweetened biscuit, [acc to
voyage : continued series : general reception ; Malm, probably from Ger. rusken, to crackle.
prevalence : popular clamour : an unusual pres Russet, rus'ct, adj. , rusty or reddish-brovm : coarse ;
sure, as on a bank, for payment. [A. S. rennan ; rustic.n, a coarse country dress, [dim. of Fr.
Dutch, rennen, Ice. renna, to run.] rvusse, L. russus, red ; akin to Gr.-erutkros, red.
runaway, run'a-wa, n. one who runs away from Sans, rudhira, blood, and Red, Rut.]
dangeror restraint ; a fugitive.adj. fleeingfrom russeting, rus'et-ing, n. an apple of a russet colour
danger or restraint : done by or in flight. and rough skin.
runlet, runlet, n., a little run or stream ; a brook. Rust, rust, n. the reddtsh-hcawn coating on iron
runner, run'er, n., one who or that which runs ; a exposed to moisture : anything resembling rust :
racer: a messenger: a rooting stem that runs a disease of plants, shewing itself in brown or
fate, far ; me, her ; mine ; mOte ; mute ; moon ; Men.
4-14
 maty
yellow spots on the leaves, caused by small fungi.
v.i. to become rusty : to become dull by inac
tion.v.t. to make rusty : to impair by time and
inactivity '.pr.p. rust'ing ; pa./, rust'ed. [A.S. ;
Gcr. rvst; akin to L. russus, red.]
rusty, rusrt, adj., covered with rust; impaired by
inactivity; dull.adv. rurt'lly.n. rust buss.
Rustic, &c. See under Rural
Rustle, rus^, v.i. to make a soft, whispering sound,
as silk, straw, &c.n. a quick succession of small
sounds, as that of dry leaves ; a rustling. [A.S.
hristlan; Gcr. rasseln: from the sound.]
rustling, rusling, . a quick succession of small
sounds, as of dry leaves.
Rusty. See under Rust.
But, rut, n. lit a broken road; a track left by a
wheel.v.t. to form ruts in :pr.p. rutting;
pa. rutt'ed. [Fr. route, low L. rutaL. rupta
(vw), broken (road)rumpo, ruptum, to break.]
See Route.
Rut, rut, n. lit. a roaring; the copulation of
animals, as deer.v.t. to cover in copulation.
v.i. to lust, said ofanimals '.pr.p. rutt/ing ; pa.p.
rutfed. [Fr. rut, old Fr. rust, L. rugttus
rugio, to roar ; Ger. rauschen, to roar, to rut ]
Bnthleai, rooth'les, adj., withoutpity or tenderness ;
insensible to misery ; cruel.adv. ruthlessly..
ruth'lessneu. [obs. ruth, pityRue.)
Ryt, rl, n. a genus of grasses allied to wheat and
barley, one species of which is cultivated as a
grain. [A.S. ryge, W. rhyg, Ice. rugr, Ger.
rocken, roggen.)
rye-grass, rT-gras, . a variety of grass like rye,
cultivated lor cattle.
Ryot, rlut, . a Hindu cultivator or peasant, [from
At. raaya, to pasture.]
s eager, to sack ; Dutch, sacken, to put in sacks,
Bsbsism, saTja-izm, same as Sablanlsm.
Sabaoth, sa-tu'oth, >;//., armies, used only in the
I<. phrase, the LordofSabaoth. [Heb. tzebaoth,
pL of tzaba, an armytzaba, to go forth.]
Sabbatarian. Sec under Sabbath.
Sabbatb, sab'ath, n. lit. rest ; among the Jews, the
seventh day of the week, set apart for rest from
work ; among Christians, the first day of the
week, in memory of the resurrection of Christ ;
among the ancient Jews, the seventh year when
the land was left fallow. [L. Sabbata; Heb.
Shabbathshabathl to rest.]
Sabbatarian, sab-a-ta'n-an, n. one who observes the
seventh day of the week as the Sabbath ; a very
Strict observer of the Sabbath.adj. pertaining
to the Sabbath or to Sabbatarians.n. Sabbata -
rlanlsm. [L. sabbatarius.]
Sabbatic, sab-ar'ik, Sabbatical, sab-at'ik-al, adj.,
Pertaining to or resembling the Sabbath ; enjoy
ing or bringing rest, [low L. sabbaticus.\
Sablanlsm, sii Di-an-izm, Babalsm, si'ba-izm, n. the
worship of the host of heaven, i.e. heavenly
bodies, angels, &c, as well as the deity, [prob.
from Heb. tzaba, host.]
Sable, s.Vbl, n. an animal of the weasel kind found in
N. Europe and N. Asia, valuable for its glossy
black fur: its fur. [old Fr. sable; Ger. zabel ;
Russ. sobol; perhaps a corr. ofSiberian, belong
ing to Siberia.]
sable, si'bl, adj., of the colour of the table's fur;
black ; dark : made of the fur of the sable.
Cite, far; mc, her; mine;
sacrifice
Sabre, sa'br, n. lit. a weapon for cutting; a short,
broad sword, with a thick back, curved back
ward towards the point.v.t. to wound or kill
with a sabre :pr.p. sa'bring; pa.p. sa'bred.
[Fr. : Sp. sable; Ger. sabel; It. sciabla ; Pol.
szabla; Magyar, szablyaszabni, to cut.]
Sae. See under Back.
Saccharine, sak'a-rin, adj., pertaining to or having
the qualities of sugar. [Fr. saccharinL. sac-
c/iarum, sugar. Sec Sugar.]
Sacerdotal, sas-er-dOt'al, adj. , pertaining to priests;
priestly.adv. aacerdot ally. [L. sacerdotalis
sacerdos, -dolis, one given to sacred things, a
priestsacer, sacred, do, to give.] Sec Sacred.
sacerdotalism, sas-er-dOt'al-izm, ., the spirit or
character ofthe priestly class or priesthood ; de
votion to priestly interests.
Bachel. See under Sack.
Sack, sak, n. orig. a bag ofgoat's hair ; a large bag
of coarse hempen cloth, for holding corn, ike. ;
the contents of a sack : a loose upper garment or
cloak.v.t. to put into a sack:Pr.p. sack'ing ;
Pa.p. sacked'. [A.S. sacc; Ger. sack ; Ice. seckr;
Goth, sakkus; L. saccus ; Gael, sak ; Gr. sakkos,
a coarse cloth of goat's hair; perhaps conn, with
sattS, saxd, to pack.]
sackcloth, sak'klotn, clothfor sacks; coarse cloth
formerly worn in mourning or penance,
lacking, sak'ing, n. doth of which sacks are made ;
the coarse cloth or canvas that supports a bed.
sac, sak, n. in nat. hist. , a sack or bag for a liquid,
eachel, satchel, sach'cl, n. a smalt sack or bag, esp.
for papers, books, &c [L. sacculus, dim. of
saccus.)
Back, sak, v. t. lit. toPack and carry offin a sack;
to plunder ; to ravage '.pr.p. sack'ing ; pa.p.
sacked'.n. the plunder or devastation of a
town ; ravage. [Fr. sac, a sack, plunder, sac~
to plunder, from the use of a sack in removing
plunder ; Gr. sattd, saxd, to pack.]
lacking, sak'ing, n.t the storming andpillaging of
a town.
Sack, sak, n. the old name of a dry Spanish wine,
[old E. seek; Fr. sec; Sp. secoL. siccus, dry.]
Sackbnt, sakT>ut, n, the name of the trombone
when hrst brought to England : in B., a kind of
lyre or stringed instrument. [Fr. saauebute; Sp.
sacabuche; L. sambuca, Gr. sambuke, from Heb.
sabbeca, a musical stringed instrument.]
Sacrament. See under Sacred.
Sacred, s.Vkn. <I , adj. , set apart or dedicated, esp. to
God; made holy: proceeding from God: religious;
entitled to respect or veneration ; inviolable.
adv. sa'credly.n. aa'credneea. [old E. sacre, to
set apart, consecrate, pa.p. sacred ; Fr. sacri;
L. sacer, from root sac, akin to Gr. hagios, holy,
S&rts.yaj, to sacrifice, worship, give.)
sacrament, sak'ra-ment, n. lit. that which is sacred:
a solemn religious rite in the Christian Church,
the Lord's Supper. [L. sacramentum, a sacred
thingsacrv,to consecratesacer.)
sacramental, sak-ra-ment'al, adj., belonging to or
constituting^ a sacrament.adv. ac'ramentally.
sacrifice, sakVi-fIz, v.t., to do a holy or sacred act;
to offer up, esp. on the altar of a divinity : to
destroy or give up for something else ; to devote
or destroy with loss or suffering ; to kill.v.i. to
make offeringsto God :Pr.p. sac'rificing; Pa.p.
sac'riflced.n. saVrulcer. [L. sacrijicosacer,
sacred, andfacio, to make, to do.]
mOte ; mate; mOOn; (ken.
445
 sacrifice Salaam
sacrifice, sak'ri-fIs, n., act ofsacrificing or offering safety-lamp, saf'ti-lamp, n. a lamp surrounded by
to a deity, csp. a victim on an altar : that which wire-gauze, used for safety in mines.
is sacrificed or offered : destruction or loss of safety-valve, saf'ti-valv, n. a valve in the top of a
anything to gain some object : that which is steam-boiler, which lets out the steam when the
given up, destroyed, or lost for some end. pressure is too great for safety.
sacrificial, sak-ri-fish'al, adj., relating to or consist Saffron, safrun. n. a bulbous plant of the crocus
ing in sacrifice; performing sacrifice. [L. sacru kind with deep-yellow flowers : a colouring sub
ficialis.} stance prepared from its flowers.adj. having
sacrilege, sak'ri-lej, n. lit. the crime of gathering 'the colour of saffron ; deep yellow. [Fr. safran ;
or stealingsacred things ; profanation of a sacred It zafferano
place or thing : in law, the breaking into a place Saga, sa'ga, sr. ;litAr.a saying,
and Pers. Mdfaram .}
of worship and stealing therefrom. [L. sacriUg- vian legend. [A.S. sagu, a aspeech, tale ; a Scandina
from root of
iumsacer, sacred, and lego, to gather, to steal.] S*y.)
sacrilegious, sak-ri-lejus, adj., polluted with sacri Sagacious, sa-ga'shus, adj., keen or quick in per*
lege ; profane: violating sacred things.adv. ception or thought ; acute ; wise : keen scented.
lacTile'gioualy.tt.saerUs'giousneau. [L.sacrilsgus.] adv. saga'cloualy.. saga'douness. [L. sagax,
sacrist, saTcrist, n. a person in a sacred Place or sagucissagia, to perceive quickly or keenly,
cathedral who copies out music for the choir and perhaps conn, with
takes care of the books ; a sacristan, [low L. sagacity, sa-gas'i-ti, .,Saga,sagaciousness
adj.]
; quickness
sacristaL. sacer.} or acuteness of perception or thought ; shrewd
sacristan, sak'rist-an, n. an officer in a church who ness. [L. sagacitassagax.}
has charge of the sacred vessels, and other Sage, saj, n. a genus of plants so called from their
movables ; a sexton, [low L. sacristanussacer. ]
acrlsty, sak'rist-i, n. an apartment in a church salutary properties in cookery and medicine.
where the sacred utensils, vestments, &c. are [Fr. sauge ; A.S. salwigf; It. and L. salvia
L. salvus, safe, sound.]
kept ; vestry, [low L. sacristiaL. sacer. ]
Bad, sad, adj. lit. at rest; heavy; serious; cast Bage.sajjtfrf/. lit. havinggood taste; discriminating,
discerning, wise; well judged.**., a sage ox
down : calamitous.adv. sadly.n. sadness. wise man; a man of gravity and window, adr.
[A.S. sdd, sated, weary ; Ger. satt, W. sad, wise ; aage'ly.n. sage'aeas. [Fr. sagr; II saggio,eavio;
Ice. settr. sedate ; conn, with L. sedo, to quiet. L. sapius (in ne-sapius), wisesapid, to taste,
Sans, sad, to sink down, be sorrowful.]
sadden, sad'n, v.t., to make sad.v.i. to grow sad : discriminate, be wise, perh. conn, with Sagacious ]
fr.p. saddening ; Pa.p. sadd'ened. Sagittal, saj'it-al, adj., of or like an arrow. [L.
sagitta, an arrow.)
Saddle, sad'I, a little seat} generally of leather, Sagittarius,
for a horse's back ; anything like a saddle, as a saj-i-ta'ri-us, ft., the Archer, one of
saddle of mutton (the two loins undivided), &c. the signs of the zodiac [L., from sagitta.}
v.t. to put a saddle on : to load :Pr.p. sadd'- Sago, sa'go, . a dry starch produced from the pith
ling: Pa.p. saddled. [A.S. sadel; Ger. sattel ; of several palms in the E. India Islands, &c
Ice. sddull; W. sadell; L. sella, a seat, a saddle, used for food. [Malay and Javanese, sagu.}
contr. from sedula, dim. otsedes, a scat.] Said, scd, pad. and pa.p. of Bay.
saddler, sadler, n.r a maker ofsaddles.
saddlery, sad'lcr-i, ., occupation of a saddler ; Bail,thesal, ft. a sheet of canvas, &c. spread to catch
materials for saddles ; articles sold by a saddler. f shipwind by which a ship is driven forward ; a
or ships ; a trip in a vessel.v.i, to be moved
Sadducee, sad'fl-se", - one of a Jewish school or by sails ; to go by water ; to begin a voyage ; to
party who denied the resurrection, the existence glide or float smoothly along.v.t. to navigate ;
of spirits, and a future state. [Gr. Saddoukaios ; to pass in a ship ; to fly through :>*y*. sailing ;
Heb. Zedukim."] Pa.p. sailed'. [A.S., Ger., and Sw. segel; Ice.
Saddacean, sad-u-sfi'an, adj., of or relating to the sigta, to sail ; allied to W. sigh, to shake, rock,
Sadducees. stir.)
Sadduceelsm, sad-fl-5e''iraiJ n. , the tenets or opinions sailcloth, sailcloth, ft. a strong cloth for sails..
ofthe Sadducees : denial of the resurrection. sailer, safer, ., he who or that which sails.- a ship
Sadly, Badness. Sec under Bad. or other vessel,
Safe, saf, adj. lit. whale, entire; unharmed ; free sailing, vessel
saTing, ., act of sailing; motion of a
on water ; art of directing a ship's course,
from danger or injury ; secure : securing from aullor, sal'or, ., one who sails in or navigates a
danger or injury : no longer dangerous.adv. ship ; a seaman.
aafely.n. safe'neas. [Fr. sauf, sauve; old Fr. Saint, sant, . a sanctified
salv; L. salvus; allied to Gr. holos, Sans, sarva, eminent for piety ; one of theor blessed holy person ; one
in heaven;
whole, entire.]
safe, sal, n., that which makes safe; a chest or sandus, holysancio, to render sacred.][Fr.L.
one canonised by the R. C. Church.
closet for money, &c. safe against fire, thieves, sainted, sant'ed, adj., made a saint; holy ; sacred :
&c. generally of iron : a chest or cupboard for gone to heaven,
meats.
safe-conduct, saT-kon-dukt, n. lit that which con saintlike, sanriTk, saintly, santli, adj., like or
ductssafely ; awriting, passport, or guard granted becoming a saint.n. saintlines*.
to a person, to enable him to pass safely through Sake, sik, n. lit. dispute, cause; end; purpose;
any danger. [Safe, and Conduct] account, [old E. sak, sac ; A.S. sock, dispute ;
safeguard, safgard, n. he or that which guards or Ger. sache, a suit, an affair ; A S. sacan, Ger.
renders safe; protection ; a guard, passport, or sachen, to contend, to accuse.]
warrant to protect a traveller.
safety, safti, n., state ofbeing safe; freedom from Balaam, Balam, sa-lim', n. \\\..peace ; a word ofsaluta
tion in the East, chiefly among Mohammedans;
danger or loss : close custody. salutation. [Ar. salam, Heb. shalom, peace,)
fate, far; mi, her; mine; mote; mute; moon; then.
 Salad Samaritan
Salad, sal'ad, n. raw herbs cut up and seasoned Saloon, sa-lOTn', n. a spacious and elegant kail, or
with salt, vinegar, &c [Fr. salad* ; It. salato, apartment for the reception of company, works
saltedL. sal, salt.] of art, or for refreshment, &c. ; a main cabin.
Balam. See Salaam. [Fr. salonsalle, A.S. sal, sel, a hall ; perhaps
Salamander, sal-a-man'dcr, n. a genus of reptiles Salt, connected with L. aula, Gr. auU, a haltJ
allied to the frog, once supposed able to live in seasoning, sawlt, n. a well-known substance used for
fire. [Fr. salantandrr ; L. and Gr. salamamlra.] found either in the earth or obtained
sal&maadrlna, sal-a-man'drin, adj., pertaining to or by evaporation from sea-water : anything like
resembling a salamander ; enduring fire. salt; seasoning; piquancy: in chem., a combina
Salary, sal'a-ri, n, lit. and orig. money for salt ; a tion of an acid with a base.adj. containing
recompense for services; wages. [Fr. salaire ; salt ; tasting of salt ; overflowed with or growing
It. salario ; L. salarium, money given to Roman in[A.S. saltwater; pungentadv. saltly., sTtaaai
sealt; Goth., Ice. salt; Ger. sals: Fr.
soldiers for saltsal, salt.] sel; L. sal; Gr. hals, salt, the sea; conn, with
salaried, sal'a-rid, adj., receiving a salary.
Bala, s5l, n.t act of'selling; the exchange ofanything salt, sawlt, v.t., the
Gr, tkalatta, sea, Sans, sara, salt.]
for money ; power or opportunity of selling ; pr.p. salr/ing ; toPa.p. sprinkle or season with salt:
demand : public shewing ofgoods to sell ; auction. alt-cellar, sawlt'-sel-ar, salt'ed. n. a small hollow vessel for
[Ice. sola. See 8elL] holding salt. [eaUar a corr. of Fr. saliire, salt-
saleable, sal'a-bl, adj., that may be sold; in good box, solarium (vas), vessel for saltsal.
demand.. sale ableness. adv. sale ably. Salt has been unnecessarily prefixed.]
salaaman, salz'man, n. a man who sells goods. alter, sawlr/er, one who salts or sells salt.
Salle, sank, adj. denoting a law as in France, by saltish, sawlt/ish, adj., somewhat salt.
which males alone can succeed to the throne. aaltleu, sawlrles, adj., without salt ; tasteless.
[Fr. salique, prob. from the Salian Franks among salt-pan, sawlt'-pan, n., a pan, basin, or pit where
whom this law existed.] salt is obtained or made.
Salient, sali-ent, adj., leaping or springing; pro saltpetre, sisting
sawlt-pe'ter, n. lit. salt-rock ; a salt con
of nitric acid and potash; nitre. [Salt,
jecting ; prominent.adv. saliently. [L. saltens, and L. and Gr. Petra, a rock.]
-entis, pr.p. of salie, to leap.]
Salify, saft-fl, v.t. to combine with an acid in order Battaat, saKtant, adj., leaping; dancing. [L. sal
to make a salt :pr.p. sal'ifying ; Pa.p. sal'ified. saltation, sal-t^'shun,-atum,
tans, pr.p. ofsallo, inten. ofsalio. to leap.]
n. a leaping or jumping;
[L. sal, salt, and/ado, to make.] beating or palpitation. [L. sal/aliosalio.)
saline, sal-In, adj., consisting ofor containing salt; saltatory, sal'ta-tor-i, adj., leaping, dancing ; hav
partaking of the qualities of salt.n. a salt- ing the power of or used in leaping or dancing.
spring.n. saline'neas. [L. saUnitssal, salt.]
Saliva, sa-ll'va, n. the slaver or fluid secreted by Salubrious,
to
sa-lUT/bri-us, adj., healthful; favourable
health.adv. salulirlously. [L. salubris
the glands of the mouth, and used to mix with solus, salutis, healthsalvus,
the food and aid digestion. [It. and L., allied salubrity, sa-loT/bri-ti, n.t qualitysound, safe.]
of being salu
to Gr. sialon, saliva, and to Slaver.] brious ; healthfulness.
aallv&I. sa-ltVal, nilvary, saH-var-i, adj., pertain salutary, sal'Q-tar-i, adj., belonging to health ; pro
ing to, secreting, or containing saliva. moting health or safety ; wholesome ; beneficial.
salivate, sal'i-viit, v.t. to produce an unusual amount salute, sal-Ot', v.t. lit. to wish health to ; to address
of saliva lfr.p. sal'iviiting; pa.p. salivated.
salivation, sal-i-v"i'shun, n. an unusual flow ofsaliva. with to
kind wishes ; to greet with a kiss, bow, &c. ;
honour by a discharge of cannon, striking
Sallow, sal'-", n. a tree or low shrub of the willow colours, &c :pr.p. sal'Qtuig ; Pa.p. sal uted.n.
kind. [A.S. salig, sealh; Gael seileack; W. act of saluting ; greeting ; a kiss : a discharge
helyg; L. salix, a willow.] of cannon in honour of any one. [L. saluto,
Sallow, sal'0, adj. of a pale, yellowish colour.n. -atum, from salus, salutis.]
aU'owneas. [A.S. salo. salowig, old Ger. salam, salutation, sal-Q-t5.'shunt n.t act of saluting; that
Fr. sale} sallow; old E. sale, willow; perhaps which is said in saluting.
conn, with Sallow, a willow.]
SaDy, sal'i, ., a leaping or bursting out ; a sudden Salvage, sal'vaj, n. money paid to those who assist
rushing forth of troops to attack besiegers ; ex in saving a ship or goods at sea : the goods and
materials saved. [Fr., from salvo, -atum, to save.]
cursion ; outburst of fancy, wit, &c. ; levity. salvation, sal-va'shun,
v.i. to rush out suddenly :-~pr.p. salfying ; Pa.p. tion : in theol., t lie ., act of saving; preserva
saving of man from eternal
sall'ied. [Fr. saillir; old Fr. salsr; It. satire misery : in B. , deliverance from enemies : the
L. salio, to leap, spring.] author of salvation.
sally-port, saH-pOrt, . aport, gate, or passage, by Salve, sav, n. in B., an ointment ; anything to cure
which a garrison may make a sally. sores. [A.S. sealf; Dan. salve; Ger. salbe.]
Salmagundi, sal-ma-gun'di, n. a mixture of chopped Salver, sal'ver, n. a plate on which anything is
meat and other ingredients ; a medley. [ Fr. presented,
xalmigondis, from L. salgama, pickles, and Wedgwood,lit.Sp.insalva, order to be tasted, [ace. to
salvilla, from salvar, to
condo, to preserve : or from the Countess Salma- taste : also given from old E. salve, L. salvo, to
gondi, lady of honour to Maria de Medici, who save, and so = that which keeps safe.]
is said to have invented it.]
Salmon, sam'un, ft. a well-known river fish, highly Salvo, sal'vfl, n. a military or naval salute with guns.
in //. salvos, sal'vOz. [L. salvojure, one's right
,
prized for food, which goes down to the sea and being safe, an expression used in reserving rights.]
returns to spawn, leafing any obstacles in its Samaritan, sa-mar'i-tan, adj., pertaining to Sa-
way. [L. salmosalio, to leap. ]
salmon-trout, sam'un-trout, *. a trout like the mariain Palestine.n. aninhabitant ofSamaria;
salmon, but smaller and thicker in proportion. the language of Samaria.
fate, far ; me, her ; mine ; mote ; mute ; mOOn ; Men.
 Same Sapphic
Sunt, s5m, a*//, lit. even, like; identical : ofthe like Sandwich, sand'wich,&c
Sand-eel, Sanderling, See under Band.
n. two slicesofbread withham.
kind or degree ; similar : mentioned before.n. &c. between, [named afteran EarlofSandwick.\
same'nesa. [A.S. ; Goth, samona ; Sans, sama;
akin to L. simitis, and Gr. homos, like.] Sandy. Sec under Sand.
Samphire, sam'flr or sam'fer, n. lit. the herb of Sane, san, adj. , sound in mind or body ; healthy ;
Saint Peter; an herb found chiefly on rocky not disordered in intellect.. Baseness. [L.
sanus, akin to Gr. sacs, sds, sound.]
cliffs near the sea, used in pickles and salads, sanable, san'a-bl, adj., able to be made sane or
[com from Fr. Saint Pierre, Saint Peter.]
Sample, sam'plf an ensamtle or specimen; a sound ; curable.n. sanabil'lty. [L. sanabilis
sano, -atum, to heal.]
part to shew the quality 01 the whole.v.t. to sanatlvs, san'a-tiv, adj., tending or able to heal;
make up samples of \pr.p. sam'pling ; pa.p. healing.n. ssn'atlveness.
sam'plea. [Fr. ensample. See Ensample.]
ampler, sam'pler, ., one who makes up samples: health. san'a-tor-i, adj., healing; conducive to
sanatory,
a pattern of work ; ornamental needle-work. sanity, san'i-ti, ., state of being sane ; soundness
Suable, Sanative, Sanatory. Sec under Sane. of mind or body.
Sanctify, sangk'ti-fl, v.t., to make sacred or holy ; sanitary, san'i-tar-i, adj., pertaining to, tending,
to set apart to sacred use ; to free from sin or or designed to promote health.
evil : to make the means of holiness ; to secure Sang, pa. t. of Blng.
from violation '.pr.p. sanct'ifying : pa.p. sanct Sanguinary. See under Sanguine.
ified.n, sanctifier. [L. sanctinco, -atum
sanctus, sacred, facto, to make.] Sanguine, sang'gwin, adj., abounding with blood:
tanctiflcatlon, sangk-ti-fi-kA'shun, n., act of sancti ardent; hopeful; confidentadv. sanguinely.--
fying ; state ofbeing sanctified. n. saa'gulneness. [L. sanguineussanguis, sat'
sanctimonious, sangk-ti-mO'ni-us, adj., having guinis, blood, akin to Sans, asan, blood.]
sanctity ; holy ; devout : affecting holiness. sanguinary, sang'gwin-ar-i, adj., bloody; attended
adv. sanctlmo'niously.n. saactimo'nloueneu. with much bloodshed : blood-thirsty, adv. san
auction, sangk'shun, h. lit. a rendering sacred or guinarily.n. san guinariness. [L. sangutnarius.]
inviolable ; act of ratifying, or giving authority sanguineous, sang-gwin'e-us, adj., sanguine; resem
to ; confirmation ; support.v.t. to give validity bling or constituting blood.
to ; to authorise ; to countenance '.pr.p. sane - Sanhedrim, sanlie-drim, n. lit. a sitting together :
tioning ; Pa.p. sanctioned. [L. sanctio.\ the highest council of the Tews, consisting of
sanctity, sanglrti-ti, quality of being sacred or seventy members with the High Priest [Heb-
holy; purity; godliness: inviolability.
sanctuary, sangk tQ-ar-i, n., a sacredplace; a place sanhedrin, from Gr. sunedrionsun, together,
for the worship of God ; the most sacred part of Sanitary, Sanity.a seat.]
and kedra,
See under Bane.
the temple of Jerusalem ; the temple itself; the
part of a church round the altar : an inviolable Sanskrit, sanslcrit, n. lit theperfect language; the
ancient language of the Hindus, [from Sans.
asylum ; refuge.
Sand, sand, n. fine particles of stone : land covered Sap,sam, with, and krita, done, perfected.]
with sand ; a sandy beach : a moment of time, partsap,of n.thethewood vital juice of plants : in bot., the
next to the bark. [A.S. step;
from the use of sand in the hour-glass.v.t. to low Ger. sapp, juice; Ger. soft; L. succus; Gr.
sprinkle with sand '.Pr.p. sanding ; Pa.p. sand'- epos.]
ed. [A.S. and Ger. ; Ice. sandr; Gr. psammos, sapless, saples, adj., wanting sap; not juicy,
probably from PsaS, to rub.]
sand-eel, sand'-eT, . a small /-like fish, which sapling, sap'ling, n. a young tree, so called from
being full of sap.
buries itself in the sand after the tide retires. _ sappy,
underling, sand'er-ling, n. a small wading bird sapp'lness. adj., aboundittg with sap ; juicy.n.
sapl,
which feeds on the insects in sea sands.
sand-glass, sand'-glas, n. a glass instrument for Bap,underneathsap, v.t. lit to dig; to destroy by diggin;
measuring time by the running ofsand. ; to undermine.v.i. to proceed by
undermining
sand-heat, sand'-hCt, n.t the fteat ofwarm sand in n. an approach 'Pr.p. sapp'ing ; Pa p. sapped
chemical operations. dug to a fortification under cover
of gabions.n.
sand-martin, sand'-mar-tin, n. a kind of martin It. zappare, prob. sapp'er, one who saps. [Fr. super,
which builds its nest in sandy river-banks. akin to Gr. skaptd, to dig.]
sand-paper, sand'-pa-per, n.. Paper covered with a Sapid, sapid, adj., well-tasted; savoury; that
kind of sand for smoothing and polishing. affects the taste. [L. sapidussapio, to taste.]
sandpiper, sand'pT-per, n. a wading kind of snipe, sapidity, sa-pid'i-ti, n., quality of being sapid;
which frequents sandy river-banks, distinguished savouriness.
by its clear Piping note. sapient, sa'pi-ent, adj. lit having good taste; wise;
sandstone, sand'stOn, stone composed of sand. discerning ; sagacious.adv. sa'plsnUy. [I*
sandy, sand'i, adj., consisting of or covered wtih sapiens, sapientts, pr.p. of sapio, to taste, to be
sand: loose : of die colour of sand.n. sand'iness. wise, akin to Gr. saphis, clear, distinct]
Sandal, san'dal, n. lit. a wooden sole; a kind of sapience, s3'pi-ens, ., quality of being sapient;
shoe consisting of a sole bound to the foot by wisdom ; knowledge.
straps ; a loose slipper. [L. sattdalium; Gr. san- Sapless, Sapling. See under Sap.
dalon, forsanidalon, from sa>iis,sanuios,a. board.] Saponaceous, sap-o-ni'shus, adj., soapy; soap-like.
sandalled, san'dald, adj., wearing sandals. [Fr. saPonace ; from L. sapo, saponis, Gr. sapdn,
Sandal-wood, san'dal-wood, n. a wood, remarkable soap, from root of Soap.]
for its fragrance, brought from the E. Indies and Sapphic, safik, adj., pertaining to Sappho, a
islands of the Pacific [low L. santalum, Ar. Grecian poetess ; denoting a kind of verse said
sandal, Malay, tshenddna, and Wood.] to have been invented by Sappho.
fate, far ; mi, her ; mine ; mOte mute ; moon ; then.
443
 Sapphire
_phire, saPir, or Tr, . a highly brilliant precious
**one, inferior only to the diamond. [L. sapphir-
); Gr. sapp/teiros; hx.safir; Heb. sappir, from
zphar, to polish.]
ftphirine, safir-in, adj., made ofor Ukc sapphire.
Japplneu, Sappy. See under Bap, juice of plants,
Saracen, saKa-sen, n. lit. eastern People; a name
in the middle ages of the Mohammedans in
Palestine. [L. Saracenus; Ar. skarkeyn, first
"applied to some tribes of Bedouins in . Arabia.]
Saracenic, sar-a-sen'ik, Baracenlcal, sar-a-sea'ik-al,
adj., pertaining to the Saracens.
Sarcasm, sarlcazm, n. lit. a tearing the fleshy a
biting the tips in rage; a bitter sneer; a satirical
remark in scorn or contempt. [L. sarcasmus ;
Gr. sarhasmossarkazdsarx, sarkos, flesh.]
sarcastic, sar-kas'tik, sarcastlcal, sar-kas'tik-alt adj.,
containing sarcasm; bitterly satirical.adv.
sarcastically.
Sarcenet, sars'net, n. a very thin fine silk, so called
because originallymadeby theSaracens, [old Fr.;
low L. saracenicum, cloth made by Saracens.]
Sarcophagni, sar-kof'a-gus, n. a kind of limestone
used by the Greeks for coffins, and so called
because it was thought to consume the flesh of
corpses ; any stone receptacle for a corpse. [L. ;
Gr. sarkophagussarx, sarkos,fiesh, andphagB,
to eat.]
sarcophagous, sar-kof'a-gus, adj., flesh-eating;
feeding on flesh.
Sardine, sar'din, . a small fish ofthe herring family,
abundant about the island of Sardinia. [Fr. ;
It. sardina; L. sarda, sardina ; Gr. sarda, sar
dine".]
sardine, sar'din, sardina, saYdi-us, n. a name of the
cornelian stone, because found in Sardinia.adj.
relating to the sardius. [Fr. sardoine.]
sardonic, s.ir-don'ik,^*//. denot ing a convulsive laugh,
first observed in those eating the herb Sardinia,
a species of ranunculus growing in Sardinia :
forced, heartless, or bitter, said of a laugh. [L.
sardonius, sardonicus, Gr. sardanios, Sardinian.]
Sardonyx, sarMon-iks, n. a reddish-yellow variety
of chalcedony, said to have been found orig. at
Sardis in Asia Minor, and to be so called because
its colour resembles that of the flesh under the
nail. [Gr. ;Sardios, Sardian, onyx, a nail.]
Sarsaparilla, sar-sa-pa-ril'a, Sana, sar'sa, . a twin
ing shrub like the bramble found chiefly in Mex
ico, said to have been first used medicinally by a
physician named Parillo. [Sp. zarzaparilla
zarza, bramble, and Parillo.]
Sash, sash, n. a band, ribbon, or scarf worn as a
badge or ornament. [It. sessa, a Persian turban.]
Sash, sash, n. a case or frame for panes of glass.
v.t. to furnish with sashes '.Pr.p. sash'ing;
Pa.p, sashed7. [Fr. chassisL. capsa, the
receiving thing, a case--caput, to take.]
Sassafras, sas'a-fras, n. a kind of laurel, the wood
of which has a pungent taste and is much used
in medicine, so called because formerly used
to break or dissolve stone in the bladder. [L.
saxifragasaxum, a stone, and frango, to
break. See Saxifrage.]
Sat, sat, pa.t. of Bit.
Satan, sa'tan, n. the enemy of men ; the devil ; the
chief of the fallen angels. [Heb. satan, enemy
satan, Ar. shatana, to be adverse.]
satanlc, sa-tan'ik; satanlcal, sa-tan'ik-al, adj., Per
taining to or like Satan ; devilish.
Cite, far ; mi, her ; mine ;
20
SaturnaUan
Satchel. See under Sack.
Bats, s5t, v.t., to satisfy or give enough; to glut:
Pr.p. sat'ing; pa.p. sat'ed. [A.S. sadian; L.
satio, -a turnsatis, enough.]
satiate, si'shi-at, v.t., to satisfy or give enough;
to gratify fully ; to glut :pr.p. sa'tiSting ; Pa.p,
satiated.adj. glutted.. satiation.
satiable, si'shi-a-bl, adj., that may be satiated.
satiety, sa-tfe-ti, n., state of being satiated;
surfeit.
satisfy, sat'is-fl, v.t., to give enough to; to supply
fully; to please fully : to discharge: to free from
doubt : to convince.v.t. to give content ; to
supply fully : to make payment :pr.p. satisfy
ing ; Pa.p. satisfied. [L. satisfacio, -factum
satis, enough, andfacto, to make.]
satisfaction, sat-is-fak'shun, ., act of satisfying;
state of being satisfied ; gratification ; comfort :
that which satisfies; amends; atonement; pay
ment : conviction.
satisfactory, sat-is-fak'tor-i, adj., satisfying; giv
ing content : making amends or payment ; aton
ing : convincing.adv. satlsfac'torUy,n. satls-
fac'torlnsss.
Satellite, sat'el-llt, n. lit. an attendant; an obse
quious follower : one of the bodies which revolve
round some ofthe planets. [L. safeties, satellitis.]
Satin, sat'in, n. a closely woven glossy silk. [Fr. :
It. setino; Port, setim, said to be a Chinese
word : but acc. to Diez, from L. seta, hair, silk.]
satinet, sat'i-net, n. a thin species of satin; a cloth
with a cotton warp and woollen weft.
satiny, sat'in-i, adj., tike or composed of satin,
satin-wood, sat/in-wood, n. a beautiful ornamental
wood from E. and \V, Indies, having a texture
like satin.
Satire, sat'Ir or sat'er, n. orig. a dishfull of various
kinds of fruit : a species of poetry, orig. dram
atic, exposing and turning to ridicule vice or
folly : severity of remark ; ridicule. [Fr. ; I*.
satira, satura [lanx, a dish)satur, full, akin
to satis, enough.]
satiric, sa-tir'ik, satirical, sa-tirik-al, adj., pertain
ing to or conveying satire; sarcastic ; abusive.
adv. satir ically.
satirise, sat'ir-Jz, v.t., to make the object ofsatire ;
to censure severely:Pr.p. satirising; Pa.p.
satirised.. sat'lrlst, one who satirises.
Satisfaction, Satisfactory, Satisfy. See under Bats.
Satrap, sa'trap or sat/rap, n. a Persian viceroy or
ruler of one of the greater provinces.
sa'trapess.n. satrapy, the government ofa satrap.
[Gr. satrapis, from the Persian.]
Saturate, sat'Q-rat, v.t., tofill; to unite with till no
more can be received: to fill to excess:pr.p.
sat'Qrating \Pa.p. saturated. [L. saturo, -atum
satur, full, akin to satis, enough.]
saturable, sat/u-rabl, adj., that may be saturated.
saturation, sat-fl-ra'shun, ., act of saturating ;
state of being saturated ; the state of a body
when quite filled with another.
Saturday. See under Saturn.
Saturn, sat'urn, or sa', . an ancient Roman god
said to bless the labours of the sower: the tenth
of the planets of the solar system. [L. Satumtts
sero, satum, to sow.]
Saturnalia, sat-ur-naii-a, n.pl the annual festival
in honour of Saturn, a time of unrestrained
licence and enjoyment.
Batar&allan, sat-ur-nali-an, adj., pertaining to the
Saturnalia : riotously merry ; dissolute.
 Satumian
Satuniian, sa-turn'i-anj adj., pertaining to Saturn,
whose fabulous reign was called ' the golden
age : ' happy ; pure ; simple : denoting the verse
in which the oldest Latin poems were written,
saturnine, sat'ur-nln, adj. grave ; gloomy ; phleg
matic :because the astrologers said that those
born under the planet Saturn were so disposed.
Batnrday, sat'ur-da, ft. the seventh or last day of
the week, dedicated by the Romans to Saturn.
[A. S. Seeter-dag, Sartem-da'g, L. Satumi dies,
Saturn's day.]
Satyr, sa'ter or sat'er, n. a sylvan deity, represented
as part man and part god, and extremely wanton.
[L. satyrus, Gr. satyrvs.]
atyrlc, sa-tir'Uc, adj., pertaining to satyrs.
, saws, n. a liquid seasoning for food, consist-
of salt, &c ; a relish: impudence.v.t. to
put sauce in to relish : to make poignant : to treat
with bitter or pert language :pr.p. saucing ;
Pa.p. sauced'. [Fr. ; old Fr. sauseL. salio,
sa-lsum, to saltsal, salL See Bait.]
pan, saws'pau, n, a pan in which .
r small thing is boiled.
', saws'er, n. a small vessel orig. to hold sauce :
the shallow platter for a tea or coffee cup.
saucy, saws'!, add. [comp. san'cler, superI. aau'ei-
) lit. salt; hence, sharp; pungent; insolent;
impudent.adv. sanc'lly.n. aaaciness.
atasage, saws'aj, n. a gut stuffed with chopped
meat salted and seasoned. [Fr. saucisse; It.
salsiccia.]
Saunter, san'tcr or sawn'ter, v.i. orig. to make a
pilgrimage to the Holy Land: to wander about
the country begging : to wander about idly ; to
loiter :Pr.p. sauntering; pa.p. saun'tered..
a sauntering ; a place for sauntering.n. uu'-
tarer. [Fr. saint* terre, holy land.]
Saarlan, saw'ri-an, n. a reptile or animal covered
with scales, as the lizard.adj. pertaining to
or of the nature of a saurian. [Gr. saurat sauros,
the lizard.]
See under Sauce.
so-tern' . a kind of claret produced at
Sauteme, in France.
Savage, savaj, adj. living in the woods ; wild ; un
civilised : fierce ; cruel ; brutaln. a human
being in a wild state : a brutal person ; a bar
barian.adv. sav'agely.n. savageness. [Fr.
sauvage; It. salvagetoL. silvaticus, pertain
ing to the woodssilva, a wood.]
Savannah, Savanna, sa-van'a, n. one of the vast
meadows in the west of N. America. rSp. sa-
vana, sabana, bed-sheet, a meadowL. sab-
anum, Gr. sabanon, a linen cloth.]
Ban, sav, v.t., to bring safe out of evil ; to rescue ;
to reserve: to spare.v.i. to be economical;
jM. saYing; pa.p. saved.Prep, except.n.
av er. [Fr.sauverL. salvosalvia. See Safe.]
are-ail, sav-awl, n. a contrivance intended to save
anything from being wasted,
saving, saving, adj., disposed to save or be econ-
aving, sav'ing, ., that which is saved; exception.
pi. earnings,
savings-bank, sav'ingz-bangk, n. a bank ini which
savings are deposited at interest,
saviour, saVyur, ., one who saves from evil.The
Saviour, Jesus Christ, the Redeemer of men.
Saveloy, saVe-loy, . a kind of dried, highly
fate, far ; me, her ; mine ;
made originally of bras
cerebellm
Savour, sa'vur, nr., taste
putation.v.i. to have a particular taste or sm *"
to be like \~pr.p. si'vouring ; Pa.p. sa'voux
[Fr. saveurL. saporsapio, to taste]
savoury, sa'vur-i, adj., having savour or relish;
pleasant.adv. sa vourily.n. tavourines*,
savourless, s5'vur-les, adj., wanting savour.
Savoy, sa-voy', n. a kind of cabbage brought orig.
from Savoy in France.
Saw, saw, pa. t. of Sm.
Saw, saw, n. an instrument for cutting, formed of
a thin strip of steel, with a toothed edge.v.t.
to cut with a saw.v.i. to use a saw ; to be cut
with a saw '.-pr.p. sawing ; pa. t. sawed' ; Pa.p.
sawed' or sawn. [Yrjcie; It. segah.secc, to cut.]
sawdust, saVdust, n., dust, or small pieces of wood,
&c made in sawing.
aw-flah, saw'-fish, n. a fish allied to the shark, so
called from the raw-like form ofits snout.
saw-mill, saw'-mil, n. a mill for sawing timber.
saw-pit, saw'-pit, n. a pit where wood is sawed.
sawyer, saw'yer, n., one who saws timber.
Saxifrage, saksl-fraj, n. a genus of alpine plants
formerly used for dissolving stone in the bladder.
[L. saxumt a stone, Andfrango, to break.]
Saxon, saks'un, n. one of the people of N. Ger
many who conquered England in 5th and 6th
centuries, so called from the short .
they carried : the language of the S
pertaining to the Saxons, theirlanguage,
or architecture. [A.S. Seaxeseax, old Ger.
sahs, a knife, a short sword.]
Saxonlam, saks'on-izm, ., a Saxon idiom.
Say, sa, v.t. to utter in words ; to speak : to declare;
to state: to answer.v.i. to speak; to relate:
to state '.pr.p. say'ing' ; pa.t. and Pa.p. said
(sed).n. something said ; a remark : a speech.
[A.S. secgan, swgan; Ice. seiga ; Ger. sagen.]
saying, sa'ing, ., something said; an expression :
a maxim.
Scab, skab, n. a crust over a sore, causing one to
scratchj adisease ofsheep, resembling the manre.
[A.S. scab1 Dan. scab; prov. Ger. schabe; L.
scabies, from scabo, Ger. schaben, to scratch.]
scabbed, skabd, an 1'., affected or covered with semis;
diseased with the scab.n. cabb'edneaa.
scabby, skal/i, adj., scabbed.n. scabb'iness.
Scabbard, skab'ard, n. the case in which the blade
of a sword is kept, [old E. scauberk, prob. from
Ice. ska/a, chisel, and biarga, Ger. bergrn, to
hide : Ice. skalpr, old Sw. shalp, scabbard.]
Scaffold, skafold, a temporary platformfar ex
hibiting or for supporting " ' . 1 -
for the execution
Ion of a enn
with a scaffold : to sustain
pa.p. scaffolded, [old Dutch, 0,; from
Ger.
schaffot; old Fr. escha/ault; It.
Sp. catar, to view, andJalco, It. palco, a
scaffolding, skafold-ing,
' .,
while
a scaffold
buildingof" for3-
for scaffolds: fig. a frame ; framework.
Scalable. See under Scale, something to ascend by.
Scald, skawld, v.t. to burn with hot liquid: to ex
pose to a boiling liquid :Pr.p. scala'ing; Pfa.p.
scald cd.n. a burn caused by hot liquid.-
Scalding hot, so hot as to scald, [old Fr. eschal-
der; It. scaldare, to warm ; L. exratdo, to
bathe In warm water, from caJidus, warm, hot .!
mote ; mate ; mOOa ; then.

Boald, skald, n. lit. &ne who sounds or recites ; one
of the ancient Scandinavian poets. [Ice. and Sw, ;
akin to Ger. schallen, to sound.]
Seal*, skaVl, n. lit. something to ascendby, aladdcr ;
series of steps : a graduated measure : in music,
a series of all the tones : the order of a numeral
system : gradation ; proportion ; series.v.t. to
mount, as by a ladder ; to ascend :pr.p. sc&T-
ing ; pa./, scaled'. [L. scaur, a ladder, from
scando, to mount, Sans, skatut, to ascend.]
scalable, skal'a-bl, adj., that may be scaled or
climbed.
Scale, skai, n, lit a shell or dish; the dish of a
balance ; a balancechiefly in pL ; one of the
small, thin plates on a fish : a thin layer :
in pi. Libra, one of the signs of the zodiac.
v.t. to clear of scales : to peel off in thin layers.
v.i. to come offin thin layers :Pr.p. scaring ;
fa.p. scaled'. [A.S. scale, a shell, scalu, a bal
ance ; Ice. skai, balance, dish ; Dutch, schaal,
balance, bowl, shell ; old Fr. escale, a fish-scale.J
scaled, skald, adj. , /caving scales.
scalaleai, skal'lps, adj. , without scales.
scaly, skal'i, adj., covered with scales: like scales:
in bet., formed of scales.n. scal'ineu.
Scalene, ska-Ion', adj. lit, limping; ingeom., having
three unequal sides.n. a scalene triangle. [Fr. ;
L. scalenus ; Gr. skalinosskazd, to limp.]
BssJmaSS Sec under Scale, a shell.
ScaU, skawl, n. lit. a scale or shell ; in 2?., a scab ;
scabbiness. [akin to A. S. scyl, scalu, scale ; Dutch,
schelle, bark, shell, skin.]
Scallop, skol'up, n. a bivalvular shell-fish, having
the edge of its shell in the form of a series of
curves : one of a series of curves in the edge of
anything.v. t. to cut the edge or border into
scallops or curves :pr.p. scalloping ; Pa.p.
scalloped, [old Fr. escalope; Dutch, schelpe,
shell, cockle-shell.] See Seals, a shelL
Scalp, skalp, n. the skin of the head on which the
hair grows ; the skin of the top of the head torn
off as a token of victory by the N. American
Indians.v.t. to cut the scalp from '.pr.p.
scalp'ing ; pa.p. scalped'. [It. scalpo, from
root of Scallop, from its likeness to a shell, and
akin to Scale, a shell, and Shell.]
Scalpel, skal'pcl, n., a small surgical knife/or dis
secting and operating. [L. scalpellum, dim. of
scalprum, a knifescalpo, to cut.}
See under Scale, a shelL
1'0-ni, . a cathartic gum-resin ob-
spedes of convolvulus in Smyrna.
[Gr. skamdnia.J
Scamper, skam'per, v.i. lit, io quit the field;
to run with speed :pr p. scamp'ering ; Pa-f-
scampered. [It. scampare, to escape ; old Fr.
escamperL. ex, of, from, and campus, field.]
Scan, skan, v.t. fit. to climb ; to count the feet or
measures in a verse : to examine carefully ; to
scrutinise '.pr.p. scann'ing ; pa.p. scanned . [Fr.
scander. It. scandere, to scan, L. scando, scan-
sum, Sans, shand, to ascend.]
scansion, skan'shun, ,, ad ofscanningox counting
the measures in a verse.
Scandal, skan'dal, n. lit. a trap-spring, snare laid
/or an enemy; orig. offence; opprobrious cen
sure ; something said which is false and inju
rious to reputation : disgrace. [Fr. scandale ;
L. scandalum ; Gr. shandalon.)
scandalise, .skan'dal-Iz, v.t., to give scandal or
fate, Or; mc, her; i
Scarlet
offence to ; to shock : to reproach ; to disgrace :
Pr-P- scan'dallsing ; Pa.. scan'dallsed.
skan'dal-us, _ adj., giving scandal
offence ; calling forth cond ndemnation openly
vile ; defamatory.a . scan -
dalownesa,
Scansion. See under Sean.
Scansorlal, skan-so'ri-al, adj., climbing; formed for
climbing, [from L. scando, scansus.1 See Scan.
Scant, skant, adj. lit. measured exactly or spar
ingly; not full or plentiful; scarcely sufficient.
[Ice. skantaskant, a measure.]
scanty, skanti, adj., scant ; not copious or full ;
hardly sufficient : wantingextent ; narrow ; small.
adv. scantily.n. scant'lness.
Scantling, skantTing, . lit. a corner-piece; orig.
apattern ; a piece of timber cut of a small sue :
the dimensions of timber as to breadth and thick?
ness. [Fr. 4chantillon, a samplecantel, old Fr.
cant. See Cant, an edge.]
Scanty. See under Scant.
Scapegoat, skap'gOt, n. a goat on which, once a
year, the Jewish high-priest confessed the sins of
the people, and which was then allowed to
escape into the wilderness. [Escape, and Goat.]
scapegrace, skAp'gras, ft. lit. one who has
grace ; a graceless, hair-brained fellow.
Bcapement, same as Escapement.
Scapular, skap'u-lar, adj., pertaining io the shoul
der, [low X>. scapularisscapula, the shoulder-
blades = spatula, dim. of spatha, a spade.]
icapolar, skap'Q-lar, scapulary, skap'Q-lar-i, n. an
ornament worn by some R. C. orders, consisting
of two woollen bands, one of which crosses the
shoulders and the other the breast.
Scar, skar, n. lit a crack or cle/t ; the mark left by
a wound or sore ; any mark or blemish : a pre
cipitous bank or rock.v.t. to mark with a scar.
v.i. to become scarred:Pr.p. scarring; pa.p.
scarred'. [Dan. skaar, Ice. skor, shard, a cut,
notch ; Bret, skarr, crack ; Fr. escarre, breach.]
Scares, skars, adj. lit. picked out ; not plentiful ;
not equal to the demand; rare; not common.
adv. Bcarce'ly, in B. scarce.ft. scarce'nest, [old
Fr. eschars. It. scarso, niggardly; low L. scarp-
sus, excarpsus, for excerptus, pa.p. of excarpo
ex, out of, and car/o, to pick.]
scarcity, skars'i-ti, n., state of being scarce; defi
ciency ; rareness.
Scars, skar, v.t., to drive away by frightening; to
strike with sudden terror '.Pr.p. scaVing ; Pa-P.
scared'. [Scot, skair, to take fright ; Ice. skirra,
Ger. scheren, to drive away.]
scarecrow, skaYkrO, n. anything set up to scare
away crows or other birds : a vain cause of terror.
Scarf, skarf, n. a light piece of dress worn looselv
on the shoulders or about the neck ; a light hand
kerchief for the neck, [low Ger. scherf; Dutch,
scaerpe ; Ger. scharpe; Fr. fcharpe.]
Scarfakin, skarfskin, *. the scurfor surface skin;
the cuticle or outer skin of animals. [A.S. sceorf,
scurf, and Skin. See Scurf.]
Scarify, skar'i-fT, v.t., to scratch or slightly cat the
skin : to make small cuts with a lancet, so as to
draw blood '.prj. scarifying ; Pa.p. scarified.
[Fr. scarifier; L. scarifico, -asum; Gr. skari-
faomaiskari/os, an etching tool.]
scarification, skar-i-fi-ka'shun, act ofscarifying.
Scarlatina. See under Scarlet.
skaVlet, n. a bright-red colour: scarlet
 scarlatina Schooner
doth, 'adj. of the colour called scarlet [It. BcheIk, same as Sheik.
scarlato skar-la-tl'na,
; Ger. scharlach;
scarlatina, scarlet Pers.
fever,sakarlat,]
skaVlet ffi'ver, Scheme, skim, n., form, shape, plan ; something
n. a contagious fever, known by the scarlet contrived tion of
to be done ; purpose ; plot : a combina
things by design : an illustrative diagram.
flush which accompanies it. v.t. to plan ; to contrive.v.i. to form a plan
scarlet-runner, skartet-run-er, n. a plant with scarlet or scheme :/r^. schSm'ing ; P<*-P- schemed'.
flowers which runs up any support. n. schem er. [Fr. ; L. schema, Gr. schimn, form
Scarp, same as Escarp. [Fr. escarpe, It. scaria, preci ech3, schlsd, to have or hold.]
pice, declivityIcc.siarpr, Gcr.scAarf,E,Shxp.] scheming, skCnVing, adj., given toformingschemes ;
Scate, same as Skate, a fish. intriguing.
Scatter, skat'er, v.t., to split or disperse in all direc Schism, sizm, n., a split or division ; a separation
tions; to throw loosely about ; to sprinkle.v.t. in a church, from diversity of opinion. [L.
to be dispersed or dissipated :Pr.p. scattering : schisma, Gr. schismaschizd, to split. ]
pa.p. scattered. [Dutch, schetteren, to crash, schismatic, siz-matik, schismatics!, siz-marTk-al,
scatter; It. scaterare; from root of L. scindo, adj., tending to, or of the nature of schism.n.
Gr. schizS, to split.] schismatic, one who separates from a church from
Scavenger, skav'cn-jer, n. orig. an inspector ofgoods difference of opinion.adv. schlsmat'lcally. [L.
for sale, and also of the streets ; hence, one who sckismaticus, Gr. schismatikosschisma.]
cleans the streets, [from obs. E. scavage, the schist, shist, . in geol., a kind of rock splitting
duty on goods offered for saleA.S- sceawian, into thin layers; slate-rock. [Fr. schisteGr.
to inspect.] . schistosschizd, to split.]
Scene, sen, . orig. the stage of a theatre on which schistic, shist'ik, schistose, -Oz, schistous, -us, adj.,
the actors perform: a picture of the place of an like schist ; having a slaty structure.
action ; a large painted view : place of action, Scholar, &c. See under School.
occurrence, or exhibition : the part of a play Scholiast, Scholium, &c. Sec under School.
acted without change of place ; a series of events
connected and exhibited; a number of objects School, skOOl, n. lit. leisure for learning ; a place far
instruction ; an institution of learning ; an estab
presented to the view at once ; spectacle ; view : lishment
a display of strong feeling between two or more pupils of aforschool the instruction of children : the
: exercises for instruction : the
persons. [Fr. seine, L. scena, Gr. skini.] disciples ofa particular teacher, or those who hold
scenery, sfin'er-i, n. the painted representation on a a common doctrine.v.t. to educate in a school:
stage : the appearance of anything presented to to instruct : toadmonish :pr.p. schCoTing ;pa.p.
the eye ; place and objects seen together. schooled'. [L. scholaGr. schole, leisure.]
scenic, sen'ik or se'nik, adj., pertaining' to scenery; scholar, skol'ar, ., one who attends a school; a
dramatic ; theatrical.
stenography, sC-nog'ra-fi, art of representing a pupil ceived
; a disciple ; a student : one who has re
a learned education ; a man of learning :
scene or a body in perspective. [Gr. skini, and in the Eng. universities, an undergraduate partly
grapkd, to write, delineate.]
scenograpnic, sen-o-graf'ik, iconographies!, sCn-o- sckolaris, belonging to a schoolschola.) [L.
supported from the revenues of a college.
graf'ik-al, adj.pertainingtoscenography; drawn scholarly, skol ar-H, adj. , like or becoming a scholar.
in perspective.adv. scenograph'lcally.
Scent, sent, v. t. lit. to discern by ike senses ; to dis scholarship, skofar-shipf n., the character of a
cern by the sense of smell: to perfume :Pr.p. scholar; maintenance
learning : in the Eng. universities,
for a scholar.
scent'ing ; pa.p. scented.n. odour : sense of scholastic, sko-las'tik. adj., pertaining to a scholar
smell : chase followed by the scent; course of or to schools ; scholar-like : pertaining to the
pursuit. [Fr. sentir; L. sentio. See Sense.] schoolmen ; excessively subtle.n. one who ad
Sceptic, skep'tik. Sceptical, skep'tik-al, adj. lit. re heres to the method or subtleties of the schools
flective, thoughtful; doubting; hesitating to ad
mit the certainty of doctrines or principles : in of the middle ages. [L. scholasticus, Gr. schol-
astikosscholazb", to have leisure, to attend
theol., doubting or denying the truth of revela schoolscholf, leisure.]
tion.n. scep'tic, one who is sceptical : in theol., scholium, skOli-um, . one of the notes written by
one who doubts or denies the existence of God or
the truths of revelation.adv. icep'tlcally. [L. the old critics on the margins of the ancient
scepticus, Gr. skeptikos, thoughtful, reflective inclassics, math.,
so called because' done in their. leisure:
an explanation added to a problem.
skeptomai, to look about, to consider.]
scepticism, skep'ti-sizm, n. doubt ; the doctrine that scholi, leisure.]scholia, [low L. ; Gr. schohon
---//. echo'limns,
no facts can be certainly known : in theol,, a
doubting of the existence of God or of the truth scholiast, skOli-ast, n., a writerofscholiums. [Gr.
of revelation. scholiastissclwlion, a scholium. ]
scholiastic, skO-li-ast'ik, adj., pertaining to a
Sceptre, sep'ter, n. lit. something to lean upon; scholiast or to scholiums.
the staff or baton borne by kings as an emblem schoolman, skOOl'man, n. one of the philosophers
of authority : royal power. [L. sceptrum ; Gr. and divines' of the middle ages, in the schools
skiptron, a staff to lean uponskiptd, to lean.] established by Charlemagne.
sceptred, sep'trd, adj., bearing a sceptre. schoolmaster, skOoTmas-ter, n., themasterorteacher
Schedule, sed', sked', or shed'Ql, n. lit. a small leaf firm, of a school : in /'.. a pedagogue, in lit. meaning.
ofpaper; a piece of paper containing some writ school'mistress.
ing ; a list, inventory, or table.v.t. to place in Schooner, skOOn'er, n. a sharp-built, swift-sailing
a schedule or list :pr.p. scheduling ; pa.p. vessel, generally two-masted, with fore-and-aft
sched'flled. [old Fr. schedule, L. schedula, dim. sails, but sometimes with square top and top
of scheda, a strip of papyrusGr. schedt, any gallant sails on the fore-mast. [Dutch, schooner,
thing formed by clcaving.a leafschizS,to cleave.] Ger. schoner, schuner.]
fate, far ; me, her ; mine ; mote ; mate ; mOOn ; then.
 Solatia
Sciatic, sT-at'ik, Bciatlcal, sT-artk-al, adj.,pertaining
to or affecting the kip. [low L. sciaticus~Gr.
ischiadikos, of the hipsischion, the hip-joint.]
sciatic, sl-at'ilc, sciatica, sl-at'ik-a, n. a rheumatic af
fection ofthe hip-joint; a neuralgic affection of
the sciatic nerve, flow L. sciatica, Gr. ischiadiki
[nosos, disease) of pains in the hip-jointischias,
pain in the hip-jointisckiofi.]
Science, sl'ens, ., knowledge; truth ascertained:
pursnit of knowledge or truth for its own sake :
knowledge arranged under general truths and
principles: that which refers to abstract prin
ciples, as distinguished from 1 art.' [Fr. ; L.
scientiasciens. -entis, pr.p. of scio, to know.]
scientific, sl-en-tif'ik, scientific*!, sl-en-tif'ik-al, adj.,
producing or containing science ; according to or
versed m science.adv. scientifically. [Fr.
scientifiqueL. scientia, scienceJacio, to make.]
Scimitar, sim'i-tar, same as Cimeter.
Scintillate, sin'til-lat, v.i., to send out sparks; to
sparkle \~pr.p. scintillating; Pa.p. scintillated.
[L. scintilto, -atumscintilla, a spark.]
scintillation, sin-til-la'shun, n., act ofthrowing out
sparks2 shining with a twinkling light.
Sdollim, sfol-izm, n. superficial knowledge. [L.
sciolus, dim. ofscius, knowingscio, to Know.]
sciolist, sfol-ist, n. one who knows anything super
ficially ; a pretender to science.
Scion, stun, a cutting or twig for grafting; a
young shoot produced during the year: a young
memberof a family. [Fr.;C. stctio, a cutting
seep, to cut.]
Scirrmu, skir'rus, ., in med., a hardened gland
forming a tumour : a hardening, esp. that preced
ing cancer. [Gr. skirros, skirosskiros, hard.]
scirrhous, skir'rus, adj., hardened; proceeding
from scirrkus.
Scissors, siz'urz, n.sing., a cutting instrument con
sisting of two blades fastened at the middle. [L.
scissor, one who dividesscindo, to cut.]
Sclavs, BclavoaSaa, &c. Sec Slave, Slavonian, &C.
ScoJI!, skof, v.t., to laugh at or mock; to treat with
scorn.v.i. to shew contempt or scorn :pr.p.
scoffing ; Pa.p. scoffed'.. an expression of
scom or contempt,n. scoffer. [Dan. skuffe, to
delude ; Ice. skaup, skauf, to laugh at.]
Scold, skfild, v.i., to rail in a loud and violent
manner; to find faultv.t. to chide rudely; to
rebuke in words :pr.p. scOld'ing ; pa.p. scOld'ed.
n. a rude, clamorous woman.. scolder, flow
Ger. schelden, Ger. schelten, to brawl, to scold,
akin to $cflatten, to make a noise, to rail.]
Scollop, same as Scallop.
Sconce, skons, ft., a bulwark ; a small fort. [Dutch,
sckantse, a rampart, a parapet ; Ger. scfianaen,
to make a fence, to fortify.]
Sconce, skons, n. orig. a lantern ; the part of a
candlestick for the candle ; a hanging candlestick
with a mirror to reflect the light, [acc. to Wedg
wood, from low L. absconsa, sconsa, orig. a dark
lanternL. absconsa candela, a hidden light
abscondo, to hide, candela, a light.]
Scoop, skOOp, v.t. to lift up, as water, with some
thing hollow : to empty with a ladle : to make
hollow ; to dig out :~-pr.p. scOop'ing ; pa.p.
scOOped'.. anything nollow for scooping ; a
large ladle : a place hollowed out : a sweeping
stroke. [Dutch, sckop, Dan. skuffe, a shovel ; Sw.
tkopa, a scoop ; Ger. schspfen, to draw or lade
fate, far ; me*, her ; mine ;
Scour
out water ; akin to Gr. skapld, L. cava, to
hollow. Sec Ship.]
Scope, skop, . lit, that which one sees, space as
far as one can see : room or opportunity for free
outlook ; space for action : the end before the
mind ; intention. [ L. scopes, Gr. skcposskepto~
mat, to look, to view.]
Scorbutic, skor-bQ'tik, Scorbutica!, -al, adj.,Pertain
ing to, resembling, or diseased with scurvy, [low
L. scorbuticusscorbutus, scurvy, Ger. schar-
back, akin to sch&rfe, E. Scurry.]
Scorch, skorch,r>7. lit. to strip the bark off; to burn
slightly ; to roast highly ; to pain by heatv.i. to
be Dumcd on the surface ; to be dried up '.pr.p.
scorch'ing ; P^-P- scorched'. [A.S. scorcned,
scorched; Fr. icarcer, old Fr. escorcher. It.
scorticare, low L. excorticateL. ex, off, and
cortex, corticis, bark.]
Score! skOr, n., a scar or notch for keeping count ;
a line drawn : the number twenty, once repre
sented by a larger notch : a reckoning : account ;
reason : the original draught of a musical com
position with all the parts, or its transcript.v.t.
to mark with notches or lines ; to furrow '.-pr.p.
scoVing; pa.p. scored'.. cor'er. [A.S. scor;
Ice. skor, Dutch, schore, a notch, score ; akin to
Shear, and Scar.]
Scoria, sko'ri-a, . lit excrement; dross ; slag left
from metal or ores after being under fire :in //.
scoria, skO'ri-S, ashes from a volcano. [L. ; Gr.
skdria; Sans, fakrit.}
Scorn, skorn, n. lit, the treatment of one as if ho
were dirt ; disdain caused by a mean opinion ;
extreme contempt: object of contempt.v.t. to
hold in extreme contempt ; to disdain :Pr.p.
scorn'ing; pa.p. scorned'.in B., to laugh to
corn, to deride ; to think scorn, to disdain or de
spise. [It! schema ; old Fr. esckern, from old
Ger. skem, derision, skarn, Scot, skairn, ordure.]
scorner, skorn'er, ., one who scorns: in B., one
who scoffs at religion.
scornful, skorn'fool, adj.,full ofscorn ; contemptu
ous ; disdainful.adv. scorn'fnlly.
Scorpion, skor'pi-un, n. an insect with claws like
the lobster, and armed with a poisonous sting in
its tail: one of the signs of the zodiac: in />'.,
a whip with points like a scorpion's tail. [Fr. ;
L. scorpio; Gr. skorpios.]
Scot, skot, ., a native ofScotland. [A.S. Scottas,
the Scots ; Dutch, schot ; Ger. schotte.]
Scotch, skoch, Scottish, skotlsh, Scots, skots, adj.t
pertaining to Scotland, its people, or language.
n. Scotch'man, Scotsman, a native of Scotland.
Scotticism, skot'i-sizm, ., a Scotch idiom.
Scoter, sko'tcr, n. a species of marine duck with
beautiful dark plumage. [?]
Scot-free, skot'-fre", adj. ,frtefrom scot fobs.) or pay
ment ; untaxed : unhurt, safe. [Fr. escot, payment
ofone's share, It. scotto, the reckoning at an inn ;
A.S. sceotan, to shoot, throw down money, Ger.
schiessen, to shoot]Scot and lot, a scot or tax
originally assessed according to the lot or ability
of the payer.
Scotticism, Scottish. Sec under Scot.
Scoundrel, skoun'drel, . , a low, worthlessfellow ; a
rascal ; a man without principle.n. scottn'dreliam,
baseness, rascality, [prob. from Ger. schandkerl
schaude, disgrace, and kert, fellow.]
Bcour, skour, v.t. to clean by rubbing with some
thing rough ; to cleanse from grease, dirt, &c : to
mote ; mute ; mOOo ; Men.
453
 Scourge
remove by rubbing: to pass quickly over; to
range.v.i. to clean by rubbing ; to cleanse : to
run swiftly ; to rove 'pr.p. scour'ing ; pa.p.
scoured'.n. scourer. [Ger. scheum; Dan. skure;
Ice. skura; old Fr. escurer.]
Scourge, Skurj( n. lit. a whip made of leather
thongs ; an instrument of punishment : a punish
ment ; meansofpunishment.v.t. towhipsevere
ly : to punish in order to correct '.pr.p. scourg'-
ing; Pa.p. scourged'.n. scourg'er. [Fr. escour-
gie; It. coreggia, a horse's rein, shoe-tie ; L. cor-
rigia, a strapcerium, leather : acc. to Garnett,
W. skourjes, a scourge, from skourr, branch.]
Econt, skout, n. lit. one sent to listen ; one sent out
to bring in tidings, observe the enemy, &c. [old
Fr. escouteescouter, It. ascoltare, L. auscul-
tare, to listenauricula, auris, the ear.]
Scout, skout, v.t. to sneer at ; to reject with disdain :
pr.p. scouting ; Pa.p. scouted, (acc to Wedg
wood, Scot scout, to pour forth a liquid forcibly.]
Scowl, skowl, v.i., to wrinkle thebrows, in displeas
ure ; to look sour or angry ; to look gloomy :
pr.p. scowl'ing ;Pa.p. scowled'.n. the wrinkling
of the brows when displeased ; a look of sullen-
ness, anger, or discontent. [Dan. skuU ; akin to
Ger. schtelcn, low Gcr. schulen, to squint.]
Scrabble, skrabl, v.i. in B., to scrape or make un
meaning marks ; to scrawl '.pr.p. scrabb'ling ;
pa.p. scrabbled, [dim. of Scrape]
Scrag, skrag, n., that ivkick is shrunk; anything
thin or lean and rough : the bony part of the
neck. [Gael, sgreag, parched; Ice. skrekka, to
parch, shrink.]
scragged, skrag'cd, adJ lit. shrunk; lean and
rough : uneven ; rugged.n. scragg'ednesa.
scraggy, skrag'i, adj., scragged.adv. ecraggily.
n. Ecragg inesB.
Scramhie, skram'bl, v.i. to struggle to seize before
others something thrown upon the ground ; to
catch at or strive for rudely : to move on all-fours:
pr.p. scrambling ; pa.p. scram'bled.. act of
scrambling.n. scram bier. [prov. . scramj>, to
rake together with the hands, or scramp, to
snatch at ; akin to Dan. scramle, to rumble, Sw.
skramla, to clatter.]
Scrap. See under Scrap*.
Scrape, skrap, v.t., to make a harsh or grating
noise on ; to rub with something sharp ; to re
move by drawing a sharp edge over : to collect
by laborious effort ; to save penuriously '.pr.p.
scrap'ing ; Pa.p. scraped'. [A.S. screopan; Ice.
skrapa, to creak> grate : from the sound.]
ecraper, skrap'er, n., an instrument used for
scraping, especially the soles of shoes.
scraping, skrap ing, n., act ofscraping; that which
is scraped off.
scrap, skrap, n. lit. that which is scraped off; a
small piece: an unconnected extract.scrap'-book,
a blank book for scraps or extracts, prints, &c.
Scratch, skrach, v.t. io rub or mark the surface
with something pointed, as the nails: to tear or
to dig with the claws.v.i, to use the nails or
claws in tearing or digging :~Pr.p. scratching ;
Pa.p. scratched'.n. a mark or tear made by
scratching : a slight wound. [Ger. kratzen,
Dutch, krassen, akin to Gr. charassd, to scratch:
from the sound.]
ecratcher, skrach'er, one who or that which
scratches : a bird which scratches for food, as a
hen.
fate, far ; me, her ; mine ;
Scrip
Scrawl, skrawl, v.t. and /., to scrape, mark, or write
irregularly, or hastily :Pr.p. scrawling ; /Sr./.
scrawled'.n. irregular or hasty writing.n.
scrawl'er. [from the sound : akin to Dutch.
schravelen, scra/eUn, to scrape.]
Scream, skrem, v.i., to cry out with a shrill cry,
as in fear or pain ; to shriek '.pr.p. screaming ;
Pa.p. screamed'.n. a shrill, sudden cry, as in
fear or pain; a shriek. [It. scramarv, A.S.
hreman, W. ysgarmu, to cry out ; Ice. kreinta,
to resound : from the sound.]
Screech, skrech, v.i. to shriek or utter a harsh,
shrill, and sudden cry \pr.p. screeching ; pa.p.
screeched'.n. a harsh, shrill, and sudden cry.
[Ir. screach; Gael, sgreach; W. ysgrechian:
from the sound.]
screech-owl, skrech'-owl, n. a kind of owl, so called
from it* screeching cry.
Screen, skren, n. that which shelters from danger
or observation ; a partition in churches : a coarse
riddle for sifting coal, &c.v.t. to shelter or con
ceal : to pass through a coarse riddle :PrJ.
screening; Pa.p. screened'. [Fr. escran, old
Ger. skranna, Ger. schrein, a case, a shrine,
akin to L. scrinium, a box.]
Screw, skroo, n, a cylinder with a spiral groove
or ridge on either its outer or inner surface, used
as a fastening and as a mechanical power: a
screw-propeller.v.t. to apply a screw to; to
press with a screw : to twist : to oppress by ex
tortion : to force ; to squeeze :pr.p. screwing ;
Pa.p. screwed'. [Dan. skrue; Sw. skruf; Ger.
schraube.]
bcrew-driver, skrOO'-drTv-er, . an instrument for
driving or turning wrraMiails.
crew-Jack, skroo'-jak, same as Jackscrew.
crew-nail, skrSO'-nal, n. a nail made in the form of
a screw.
screw-propeller, 5kro75'-pro-peI-er, n. a screw or
spiral-bladed wheel at the stern of steam-vessels
for propelling them ; a steamer so propelled.
gcrew-rteuner, skre^-stcm-er, . a steamer pro
pelled by a screw.
Scribble, skrib'l, v. t. , to scratch or write carelessly ;
to fill with worthless writing.v.i. to write care
lessly ; to scrawl 'pr.p. scribbling ; Pa.p.
scribbled.. scribbler, [old Ger. scribeln, old
Fr. escrivailler, to scribbleescrire, L. scribere,
to write, akin to Gr. grapho, to scratch.]
scribe, skrlb, ., a writer; a public or official
writer ; a clerk, amanuensis, secretary : in B., a
copyist or expounder of the law. [Fr. ; L. scribe,
scribo, senberc, to write.]
scrip, skrip, n. , that which is written ; a piece of
paper containing writing ; a certificate of stock
or shares in any joint-stock company subscribed
K or allotted. [L. scriptnm, pa.p. of scribe.]
script, skript, n., that which is written ; in print.,
type like written letters. [L. scripturn.]
Scripture, skript'Or, n. lit. a writing ; sacred writ
ing; the Bible.The Scriptures, lit. the writings;
the Bible. [L. scriptural]
scriptural, skripr/ur-al, adj. , contained inScripture;
according to Scripture ; biblical.adv. script-
urally.. script uralneas.
scrivener, skriv'en-er, a scribe or writer: a
copyist ; one who draws tip contracts, &c ; one
who receives the money of others to lay it out at
interest, [old Fr. escrivain. It. scrivanoL.
scribo.]
Scrip, skrip, n. a small bag or wallet as a receptacle
mOte ; mute ; moon ; tkzn.
 Scrofula Scythe
for scraps. [W. ysgrap. Ice. skreppa, Sw. sculler, skul'er, n., one who sculls ; a small boat
rowed by two sculls pulled by one man.
skr&ppa; conn, with Scrape, scrap.]
Ecrofula. skrofu-la, n. a disease characterised by Scullery, skul'er-i, theplacefor dishes and other
chronic swellings of the glands in various parts of kitchen utensiU. [old Fr. esculier^-esmelle, L.
the body/esp. the neck, tending to suppurate ; scutella, a salverscutula, dim. oiscutra, a dish.]
the king*s evil. [L. scrofulascrvfa, a sow, from scullion, skuryun, n.f a servant in the scullery; a,
the belief that swine were especially subject to servant for drudgery work.
this disease.] Sculpture, skulp'tQr, n., the art of carving figures
scrofulous, skroffl-lus, adj., pertaining to, resem in wood, stone, &c. ; carved work.v.t. to carve ;
bling, or affected with scrofula. to form, as a piece of sculpture :pr.p. sculp'tur-
culpa.
Scroll, skrol, n., a roll of paper or parchment ; a ing;/a./.sculp'tured. [Fr.;L. sculptural
m, to carve, to cut, Gr. glyphs, to carve.\
writing in the form of a roll ; a rough draught of sculpturn,
anything; a schedule: in arch., a spiral orna sculptural,, sk skulp'tur-al, adj., belonging to sculpture.
ment; the volute of the Ionic and Corinthian sculptor, skulp'tor, ikulp'tor, >n., one w/to carves figures.
capitals, [old Fr. escrol, escrou. Fr. ecrvu, from Scum, skum, n. , foam or froth ; the extraneous
rout', L. rolula. See Roll. J matter rising to the surface of liquids ; refuse.
Scrub, skrub, v.t., to rub hard, csp. with something v.t. to take the scum from; to skim -pr.p.
rough.v.i. to be laborious and penurious: scumm'ing ;Pa.p. scummed'.n. acumm'ar. [Gael.
pr.p. scrubbing; Pa.p. scrubbed'.n. one who is sgum, Ice. skum, Ger. schaum, foam, froth.]
laborious and penurious ; anything small or Scupper, skur/er, n. a hole in the side of a ship
mean ; a worn-out brush ; low underwood. [Gael. to carry off water from the deck. [conn, either
sgriob, to scratch or scrape, to rub; low Ger. with L. .(/"''. to spit, or with Scoop.]
schrubben, Dan. skrubbe, Sw. skrubba, to rub Scurf, skurf, n. lit that which is scratched or
or scrubskrub'er,
: intensive of Rub.J
n. , one ivko or thatwhich scrubs. scraped off; the crust or flaky matter formed on
skrub'i, adj., laborious and penurious; the [A. S.
skin ; anything adhering to the surface.
sceor/ian, to gnaw or bite ; Ger. schorf,
small ; stunted in growth. scurfy akin to sckUrfen, to scratch ; Sw. skorft
Scrapie, skrOTJ'pl, *. lit. a small, sharp stone, esp. scurf, skorpa, crust ; allied to Scrub, Scrap*.]
one that hinders or hurts ; a small weight (20 scurfy, skurri, adj., having scurf; like scurf.n.
grains, or ) drachm); a very small quantity: scurfineu.
reluctance to decide or act ; difficulty.v.i. to scurvy, skurVi, n. a disease characterised by scurf
hesitate in decidingor acting :pr.p. scrfl'pling ; accompanied with bleeding and extreme debility,
Pa.p. scrii'pled. [Fr. scrupule, L. scrupulus, curvy, skur'vi, adj., scurfy ; affected with scurvy ;
dim. of scrupus, a rough, sharp stone, anxiety.] vile, vulgar, contemptible.
scrupulous, skrOO'pu-lus, adj., having scruples, Kurvlly, sfcurvi-li, adv., in a scurvy manner;
doubts or objections; conscientious; cautious; meanly, basely,
exact.adv. scrupulously. [L. scrupulosus.] scurvlueu, skur'vi-nes, state of being scurvy ;
scrupulousness, skrCO'pO-lus-nes, scrupulosity, skrOO- meanness.
pfl-los'i-ti, n., state ofbeing scrupulous; doubt ; Sum-rile, skur'ril, adj. buffoon-like; jesting; foul-
niceness ; precision. mouthed ; low. [L. scurrilisscurra, an elegant
Scrutiny, skrOO'ti-ni, n. lit. a search even to the town-bred man, a buffoon.]
rags; careful or minute inquiry ; critical exam scurrility, skur-rillt-i, n., the quality ofbeing scur-
ination ; an examination of the votes given at an rile ; buffoonery ; low,
election for the purpose of correcting the poll. cency oflanguage ; vulgarorabuse. obscene jesting ; inde
[ L. scurrilitas,]
[L. scruliniumscrutor, to search to the rags scurrilous, skurVil-us, adj., using scurrility, or the
tta, Gr. gruti, rags, trash.] language of a buffoon ; indecent ; vile ; vulgar ;
skrTO-ti-nr/. n., one who makes ~ opprobrious ; grossly abusive.adv. acur'rilously.
scrutiny, or minute search or inquiry,
scrutinise, skro"0'ti-nlz, v.t., to search minutely or Scurvy, &c Sec under Scurf.
closely; to examine carefully or critically ; to in Scutcheon, same as Escutcheon.
vestigate 'pr.p. scrfl'tinTsing ;Pa.p. scru'tinlsed. Scutlform,
shield.
skQ'ti-form, adj., having the form of &
[L. scutum, a shield, and Form.]
Scud, skud, v.i. , to run quickly: r.nui., to run before Scuttle, skutl, n. lit. a salver; a shallow basket; a
the wind in a. gale.v.t. to pass over quickly: vessel for holding
pr.p' scudd'ing ; pa.p. scudd'ed.n. a moving escuelle, L. scutella,coaL [A.S. scutel, old Fr.
a salverscutula, dim. of
quickly ; loose, vapoury clouds driven swiftly scutra, a dish. See Scullery.]
along. [W. ys-gudaw, Dutch, schudden, to
shake, Sw. skutta, to run quickly ; probably Scuttle, skut'l, .. the openings or hatchways of a
akin to Shoot.] ship ; a hole through the hatches or in the side
Scuffle, slcufl, v.i. lit. to shove orPush; to struggle or bottom of a ship.v.t, to cut holes through
closely ; to fight confusedly Ipr.p. scuffling ; any holes
part of a ship ; to sink a ship by cutting
in it '.pr.p. scuttling ; Pa.p. scuttled-
Pa.p. scuffled.n. a struggle in which the com [old Fr. escoutille, Sp. escotitla, a hatchway,
batants grapple closely ; any confused contest. from old Ger. scoz, Ger. schoos, bosom, a lap.]
[A.S. sceofan, scufan, to shove, Dan. skuffe, Sw.
skuffa, to shove or push, sknff,* blow, a thrust] Scuttle, skut'l, v.i, to scud or run with haste ; to
See Shove, Shuffle. hurry.n. a quick run. [from Scud.]
Scythe, sTM, n., that which cuts ; a kind of sickle;
ScuU, skul, . a small, light oar ; an oar placed an instrument with a large curved blade for
over a boat's stem and worked from side to side ; mowing grass, &.c.v.t. to cut with a scythe,
a small boat; a cock-boatv.i. to impel by a to mow '.Pr.p. scyth'ing ; pa.p. scythed'. [A.S.
sithe, Ice. sigd, low Ger. segd, seid, a sickle, akin
scull or sculls '.pr.p. sculling ; pa.p. sculled . to L. seenris, an axeseco, to cut]
(from Ice. skol, to splash.]
fite, far; me, her; : mOonj then.
455
 Sea
Be*, sf, m. lit. a collection of water ; a large lake ;
the ocean ; the swell of the sea in a tempest ;
a wave : any large quantity of liquid ; any rough
or agitated place or element. [A.S. sar; Ger. see,
Goth, saivs, lake, Ice. sior, Sans, sara, salt
water, saras, a large pond, water.]
sea-anemone, se'-a-ncm-o-nt, n, a kind of polyp, like
an anemone, found on rocks on the xiu-coast.
sea-board, se-bOrd, n., the Border or shore of the
sea.adv. towards the sea. [Sea, and Fr. bord,
border, the shore.]
ea-coast, se'-kGst, n., the coast or shore ofthe sea;
the land adjacent to the sea.
seafaring, se'fir-ing, adj. ,faring or going to sea;
belonging to a seaman. [Sea, and Pare.]
sea-gage, se -gij , . lit. the sea-measurer; the depth
a vessel sinks in the water. [Sea, and Sage.]
sea-girt, s'-gert, adj., girt or surrounded by the sea,
sea-green, se'-grcn, adj. , green like the a.
sea-horse, se'-hors, . the walrus : the hippopotamus
or river-horse : the hippocampus.
sea-kale, sS'-kal, ., a kind of hale or cabbage
found on sandy shores of the sea.
sea-king, seeking, n. lit a king on the sea ; the
name of the leaders of the early Scandinavian
piratical expeditions.
sea-level, s-lev el, the level or surface ofthe sea,
seaman, sS'man, n., a man who assists in the navi
gation of ships at sea ; a sailor.
seamanship, se man-ship, the art ofbeing a sea
man ; the art of navigating ships at sea. I
sea-mark, se'-mirk, n., any mark or object on land
serving as a guide to those at sea; a beacon.
sea-piece, sS'-pfis, a piece or picture representing
a scene at sea.
sea-room, sC'-rOOm, n., room or space at sea for a
ship to drive about without running ashore.
sea-serpent, sc'-ser-pent, the serpent of the sea,
a fabulous sea animal.
sea-shore, si'-shOr, ., the shore ofthe sea; the land
adjacent to the sea.
sea-sick, se'-sik, adj., affected with sichness through
the rolling of a vessel at sea.n. sea'-sickness.
sea-side, s'-sld, ., the side or shore of the sea;
the land adjacent to the sea.
sea-unicorn, se"-0-ni-korn, n., the unicorn of the
sea, the narwhal.
sea-urchin, sC-ur-chin, the urchin or hedgehog
ofthe sea, the sea-hedgehog.
seaward, sS'ward, adj., toivards the sea.adv.
towards or in the direction of the sea.
sea-weed, sfi -wed, n. a weed or plant on the sea.
seaworthy, s'wur-Mi, adj., worthy or fit for sea.
n. sea'worthlness.
Seal, sel, n. lit. a little mark; an engraved stamp
for impressing the wax which closes a letter, &c. ;
the wax or other substance so impressed ; that
which makes fast or secure : that which authen
ticates or ratines ; assurance.v.t. to fasten with
a seal ; to set a seal to ; to mark with a stamp ;
to make fast ; to confirm ; to keep secure :Pr.P.
seal'ing; pa.p. sealed'. [Ger. sicgel, It. sigillo,
L. sigillum, dim. of signum, a mark or sign.]
seal-engraving, sel'-en-grav-ing, the art of en
graving seals.
sealing-wax, soTing-waks, wax for sealing
letters, &c.
Beal, s6l, ., the sea-caH; a marine animal valuable
for its skin and oil. [from Sea.]
sealing, sCl'ing, n., the act ofcatching seals.
Seam, scm, ., that which is sewed ; the line formed
by the sewing together of two pieces ; a line of
fate, far; mi, her; mine;
Seclude
union ; a vein of metal, ore, coal, &c. : in geaL,
thin layers between thicker strata.v.t. to unite
by a scam ; to sew ; to make a seam in : pr.p.
seaming ; pa.p. seamed'. [A. S. seam, from se6-
wian, to sew, Ice. saumr, Ger. saum, a seam.]
seamless, sCmles, adj., without a seam.
seamstress, sem'stres, orsem', n., awoman whosews.
seamy, sfim'i, adj., having a seam or seams.
Sear, ser, v.t., to dry uP; to bum to dryness on
the surface ; to scorch ; to cauterise : to render
callousorinsensible \pr.p. sear'ing;/a./.seared'.
adj. dry, withered. [A.S. searian, old Ger.
sdrtn, to dry, low Ger. soor, sear, akin to Gr.
xiros, dry.]
seared, serd, adj., dried mp; burned; hardened.
Search, serch, v.t. lit. to go round or in a circle
seeking; to look round to find ; to seek ; to ex
amine ; to inspect ; to explore ; to put to the test.
v.i. to seek for ; to make inquiry :fr.i.
searching ; Pa.P. searched'.n. the act of seek
ing or looking for ; examination ; inquiry ; inves
tigation ; pursuit. [Fr. chercher, It., L. circare
circus, a circle. See Circle.]
searcher, serch'er, ., one whoorthatwhichsearches;
a seeker; an inquirer or examiner,
searching, serch'ing, adj., looking over closely;
penetrating; trying; severe.adv. aearch ingly.
search-warrant, serch -wor-rant, n. a legal warrant
authorising a search for stolen goods, &c.
Season, se'zn, n. the usual or proper time ; any par
ticular time ; any period of time ; one of the four
periods of the year ; a seasoning or relish.v.t.
to mature ; to prepare for use ; to accustom ; to
fit for the taste ; to give relish to ; to mingle ;
to moderate.v.i. to become seasoned or ma
tured ; to grow fit for use ; to become inured:
pr.p. sea soning ; Pa.p. sea'soned.n. sea'toner.
[It stagione, L. static, a standing still, from sic,
statum, to stand.]
seasonable, se'zn-abl, adj. , happening in due season ;
occurringin good, suitable, orproper time; timely ;
opportune.adv. eea'eonably.n. sea'sonableness.
seasoning, sfi'zn-ing, ., that which seasons; that
which is added to food to render it palatable :
anything added to increase enjoyment.
Seat, set, that on which one sits; a chair,
bench, &c. ; the place where one sits ; site ; a
place where anything is established : post of
authority; station; abode; a mansion.v.t. to
place on a seat ; to cause to sit down ; to place
in any situation, site, &c. ; to establish ; to fix ;
to assign a seat to :-~pr.p. seating ; pa.p. seat'ed.
[A.S. setl, low Ger. sitt, h. sedes, Gr. hedes, a
seat, from root hed, to sit. See Bit.]
Secant, sck'ant, adj., cutting; dividing into two
rts.n. a line that cuts another ; a straight
lin e from the centre of a circle to one extremity
of an arc, produced till it meets the tangent to the
other extremity. [L. secans, secantis, pr.p. of
seco, to cut.]
Secede, se-sid', v.i., to go away; to separate one's
self; to withdraw from fellowship or associa
tion :pr.p. seced'ing ;Pa.p. seced'ed. [L. secede,
secessumse, away, and cedo, to go. See Cede.]
Seceder, se-sed'er, n., one who secedes; one of a
body of Presbyterians who seceded from the
Church of Scotland about a.d. 1733.
leceesion, se-sesh'un, ., the act of seceding; with
drawal ; departure.
Beclnde, se-kltHfcl', v.t., toshutapart ; tokeep apart :
mote; mate; moon; then.
 seclusion
Pr.p. seclOd'ing ; Pa.fi. secluded. [L. seclude,
seclusumse, apart, and claudo, to shut.]
eeltuton, se-klro'zhun, the act of secluding; a
shutting out ; the state of being secluded or
apart; separation; retirement; privacy; solitude.
Second, sek'und; adj., immediately following the
first ; the ordinal of two : next in position : in
ferior.n. one who or that which follows or is
second ; one who attends another in a duel or a
prize-fight ; one who supports another ; the 6oth
part of a minute of time, or of a degree.v.t. to
follow ; to act as second ; to assist ; to encourage ;
to support the mover of a question or resolution :
Pr.p. sec'onding ; Pa.p. seconded. [I*
secundus, from seqtmr, secutus, to follow.] See
Sequence.
secondary, sek'und-ar-i, adj., following or coming
after the first ; second in position : inferior ; sub
ordinate ; deputed.n. a subordinate ; a delegate
or deputy. [L. secundarius.)
secondarily, sek'und-ar-i-li, adv., in a secondary
manner or degree ; in B., secondly.
seconder, sek'und-er, n, , onewhoseconds or supports.
second-hand, sek'und-hand, adj. received as it were
from the hand of a second person ; not new ;
that has been used by another.
secondly, sek'und-li, adv., in the secondplace.
second-tight, sek'und-sTt, ., a second or additional
sight; power of seeing things future or distant
Secret, sCTcret, adj., put apart or separate; con
cealed from notice ; removed from sight : unre-
vealed ; hidden : secluded ; retired ; private :
keeping secrets ; reserved.n. that which is con
cealed ; anything unreveated or unknown ; priv
acy. [L. secretus, from secemo, secretumse,
apart, and cemo, to separate.]
secrecy, sCkre-si, ., the state of being secret;
separation: concealment; retirement; privacy:
fidelity to a secret ; the keeping of secrets.
secretly, se"lcret-li, adv., in a secret manner;
privately ; unknown to others : inwardly.
secretness, sfiTcret-nes, n., the state ofbeing secret.
secretary, sek're-tar-i,
with secrets, n. lit.; one
a confidant one employed
who is intrusted
to write
for another ; a public officer intrusted with the
affairs of a department of government, or of a
company, &c.n. secretaryship. [Fr. secretaire,
It. secretario, low L. secretarius.)
secretarial, sek-re-ta'ri-al, adj., pertaining to a
secretary or his duties.
secrete, se-kreV, v.t., to put apart or make secret;
to hide; to conceal: to produce from the circu
lating fluids, as the blood in animals, the sap in
vegetables :/r./. secrtSt'ing; Pa.p. sccreYed.
[L. secemo, secretum.]
secretion, sc-krf'shun, n., the act of secreting or
separating from a circulating fluid ; that which is
secreted.
secretive, se-kret'iv, adj. , tending to or causing se
cretion; given to secrecy or to keeping secrets.
adv. sscret'lvely.n. secret'lveness.
secretory, se-krfit'or-i, adj., performing the office of
secretion.
Beet, sckt, n., a part cut off; those who dissent
from an established church : those who hold the
same views, esp. in religion or philosophy. [L.
sectaseco, sectum, to cut off: or contr. from L.
secuta, a followingsequor, to follow.]
sectarian, sek-ta'ri-an, adj., pertaining to or
peculiar to a sect.n. one ofa sect.
sectarianism, sek-ta'ri-an-izm, ., quality or char
acter ofa sectarian ; devotion to a sect.
f5te, far ; me, her ; mine ;
Seduce
sectary, sek'tar-i, n. , one ofa sect ; a dissenter.
ectlle, sck'til, adj., that may be cut with a knife.
section, sek shun, n., act of cutting; a division ; a>
portion : the plan of any object cut through,
as it were, to shew its interior : the line formed
by the intersection of two surfaces ; the surface
formed when a solid is cut by a plane.
sectional, sek'shun-al, adj., pertaining to a section
or distinct part.adv. sec'tlonally.
sector, sek'tur, n. , that which cuts ; that which is
cut ofT: a portion of a circle between two radii
> and the intercepted arc : a mathematical instru
ment for finding a fourth proportional.
segment, seg'ment, n., a part cut off; a portion : a
part cut off from a figure by a line or plane ; the
part of a circle cut off by a chord.
Secular, sek'u-lar, adj., pertaining to an age or
generation; coming or observed only once in a
century : pertaining to the present world, or t(J
things not spiritual : not bound by monastic
rules.n. a layman: an ecclesiastic not bound
by monastic rules.adv. secularly. [L. secularis
seculum, an age, a generation.]
secularise, sck'a-lar-Tz, v.t., to make secular; to
convert fromspiritual to common use :pr.p. sec
ularising ; Pa.p. sec'ularlscd.n. seculsxisa'tion, '
secularism, sek'u-lar-izm, secularlty, sek-O-lar'i-ti, n.,
state ofbeing secular or worldly ; worldliness.
Secure, se-kur', adj., without care or anxiety, care
less, so in B. ; free from fear or danger ; safe : con
fident : incautious.v.t. to make safe : to render
certain: to guarantee: to fasten :/r./. secur/-
ing;/d./. secflred'.adv. securely.n.secnre'ness.
[L. se, for sine, without, cura, care. See Care.}
securable, se-lcur'a-bl, adj., that may be secured,
security, se-kQr'i-ti, ., state of being secure; free
dom from fear ; carelessness : protection : cer
tainty : a pledge.
Sedan, se-dan', n. a covered vehicle for one person,
carried by two men, so called from the town of
Sedan, in France, where it was invented.
Sedate, se-daY, adj% lit. seated, settled; quiet:
serene: serious.adv. sedately.n. sedate'ness.
[L. sedatussedo, sedatum, to seat, to compose,
akin to sedeo. Sans, sad, to sit.]
sedative, sed'a-tiv, adj.x tending to make sedate or
composed; moderating; allaying irritation or
pain. n. a medicine that allays irritation or pain.
sedentary, sed'en-tar-i, adj., sitting much ; passed
chiefly in sitting ; requiring much sitting: inac
tive.adv. sed'entaiily.n. sed'entarlness. [L.
sedentariussedeo, to sit.]
Sedge, scj, . a kind offlag or coarse grass growing
in swamps and rivers. [A.S. secg; lr., Gael.
seisg; W. hesg.]
sedged, sejd, adj., composed ofsedge or flags.
sedgy, sej i, adj., overgroivn with sedge.
Sediment, sedri-ment, ., that which settles at the
bottom of a liquid ; dregs. [L. sedimentum
sedeo, to sit, to settle.]
sedimentary, sed-i-menrar-i, adj., pertaining to,
consisting of, or formed by sediment.
Sedition, se-dish'un, n. lit. a going away ; insurrec
tion ; any offence against the state next to>
treason. [L. seditt'ose, away, and eo, itum,
Sans, i, to go.]
seditious, se-dish'us, adj., pertaining to sedition;
of the nature of or tending to excite sedition ;
turbulent.adv. seditiously.
Seduce, se-dus', v.t., to draw aside from rectitude ;
to entice: to corrupt pr.p. seducing; pap.
mOtc ; mute ; mOOn ; then.
457
 eeduoement
sedflced'.n. seda'cer. [L. seducose, aside, and
duco, duehtm, to lead, to draw.] See Duct.
oeducement, sc-dus'ment, ., act of seducing or
drawing aside ; allurement.
seduction, se-duk'shun, ., act ofseducing or entic
ing from virtue : crime of fraudulently depriving
an unmarried woman of her chastity.
oedactive, se-duk'tiv, adj., tending to seduce or draw
aside.adv. seduc'tively.
Sedulous, sed'u-lus, adj. , sitting close to an employ
ment : diligent : constantadv. ed'uloualy.
n. sed'ulousnees. [L. sedulussedeo, to sit]
Sec, sc. m. orig. the papal seat or authority at Rome ;
the scat or jurisdiction of a bishop or archbishop.
[L. sedessedeo, to sit. See Seat.]
See, &, v.t. to perceive by the eye : to observe : to
discover : to remark : to experience : to visit.
v.i. to look or inquire ; to discern : to understand ;
to be attentive 'Pr.p. see'ing ; Pa.t. saw ; pa./.
seen.int. look 1 behold !. ee'er. [A.S. seon;
Ger. seken ; Ice. sia ; Sw. sc.}To see to, to
look after : in B., to behold.
ewer, ser, n. one who foresees events ; a prophet
seeing, seing, ., sight; vision.conj. since.
Seed, seel, tkc thing sown; the substance pro
duced by plants and animals from which new
plants and animals are generated : first principle ;
original : descendants.v.i. to produce seed :
pr.p. seeding ;pa.p. seed ed. [A. S. sardsawan,
to sow ; Ger. saat, seed ; L. satus, a sowing.]
eeed-bud, sfid'-bud, n. the bud or germ of the seed.
seedling, scaling, aplant rearedfrom tkc seed.
seed-lobe, setT-Iob, n. the lobe or leaf of a plant
which nourishes the growing point or seed.
seedsman, scds'man, n. , one who deals in seeds ; a
sower.//, seedsmen.
eedtlme, sed'tlm, n., the time or season for sowing
seed.
eedy, sd'i, adj., abounding with seed; run to
seed : having the flavour of seeds : worn out ;
shabby.adv. seed'lly.n. seed'lneM,
Seeing. See under See.
Seek, sek, v.t., tofollow or go in search of; to look
for ; to try to find or gain : to ask for ; to solicit.
v.i. to make search or inquiry: to try: to use
solicitation : in ., to resort to :-~pr.p. seeking ;
6a.t. and pa.p. soughtn. seek/or. [A.S. secan;
Ice. seekia ; Sw. soka ; Ger. sucken ; allied to
L. sequor, Sans, sack, to follow.]
Seem, sm, v.i. lit to be fitting or becoming; to
appear; to have a show; to look.v.t. in B., to
bent:Pr.p. seein'ing; pa.p. seemed'.n. tamer.
[A. S. seman, to appear ; Ger. ziemen, to be suit
able ; Ice. sama, to fit, to be fitting.]
seeming, sfim'ing, adj., apparent; specious.n.
appearance ; semblance.adv. seemingly.. selnah, selfish, adj. chiefly or wholly regarding
eem'lngnees.
Beemly, sin'li, adj. (conip. seemlier, superl. seem
liest), becoming; suitable: decent.adv. in a
decent or suitable manner.n, seem lines*.
Seen, sen, pa.p. of See.
Seer. Sec
Seesaw, undern. Bee.
seesaw, motion to and fro, as in the act of selfsame, self'sam, adj., the very same.
sawing; a play among children, in which two
seated at opposite ends of a board supported in
the centre move alternately up and down.v.i.
to move backwards and forwards '.pr.p. see'-
sawing; pa.p. see sawed.adj. moving up and
down, or to and fro. [prob. a reduplication of
fate, far ; me, her ; mine ; mOte ; mute ; mCon ; Men.
Ben
Seethe, sE/A, v.t., to boil; to cook in hot liquid-
v.i. to be boiling; to be hot \prf. seething ;
Pa.t. seethed' or sod ; Pa.p. seethed7 or sodd'en.
[A.S. seothan; Ice. sjoda; Sw. sjuda ; Ger.
tieden ; Gr. zeS, to boil : prob from the bubbling
sound of boiling water.]
Segment. See under Sect.
Segregate, segVe-gat, v.t. lit. to set apart from a
flock; to separate from others :pr.p. segregat
ing ; pa.p. segregated.*, segrega'ttosu L.
segregose, apart, and grrx, grtgis, a flock.]
Seignior, sen'yur, n. a title of honour and address
in Europe to elders or superiors : the lord of a
manor.Grand Seignior, the sultan of Turkey.
[Fr. seigneur; lUsignoreL. seniorsenex, old:
in low L. senior sometimes = dominus, lord.]
seigniory, sen'yur-i, n. the power or authority of a
seignior or lord ; a manor.
Seize, sez, v.t., to take possession forcibly : to
take hold of; to grasp: to apprehend:pr.f.
seizing; Pa.p. seized.n. selx'er. [Fr. saistr,
Prov. sazir, to take possession of; It sagire,
to put one in possessionold Ger. sazjan, to set]
selzable, scr/a-bl, adj., that may be seized.
seizin, sez'in, n., occupation or possession of an
estate of freehold : the thing possessed,
seizure, szhGOr, act ofseising; capture ; grasp :
the thing seized.
Selah, se'la, n. in the Psalms, a word denoting
silence or a pause in the musical performance of
the song, [Heb.]
Seldom, set'dum, adv., rarely; not often. [A.S.
seldon, rare, prob. from sellic, wonderful,
that which is wonderful being rare ; Ice. sialdsn ;
Ger. selten, rare.]
Select, sc-lekt', v.t., to pick outfrom a number by
preference ; to choose : to cull:Pr.p. selecting;
Pa.p. selected.adj., pickedout; nicely chosen :
choice.n. select'nees. [L. seligo, selectumse,
aside, and lego. Gr. legd, to gather, to pick out]
selection, se-lek'shun, *., act of selecting; things
selected : a book containing select pieces.
Self, self, n., one's own body or person : one's per
sonal interest ; selfishness.pi. selves (selvx).
adj. very; particular; one's own. [A.S. self,
silf; Ice. sialfr; Goth, silba; Ger. seli, prob.
contr. of si-libasik, Ger. sick, I* se, Sans, s&a,
one's self, and leib, body.]
self-denial, self-dc-nl'al, n., the denialofone's self';
the not gratifying one's own appetites or desires,
self-evident, self-evi-dent, adj., evident ofitselfor
without proof ; that commands assent
self-existent, sclf-egz-ist'ent, adj., existing ofox by
himself, independent of any other being.n.
self-ezlst'ence.
one"s own self; void of regard to others.adv.
selfishly.. selfishness.
Mlf-poeseetlon, sclf-poz-zesh'un, thepossession of
one's selfor faculties in danger ; calmness,
sell-righteous, self-rlt'yus, adj., righteous in one's
own estimation.n. self-rlght'eonsneam.
self-sufficient, self-suf-fish ent, adj. confident in one's
tnvn sufficiency : haughty.w. elf-reaYciratT.
self-willed, self-wild, adj. governed by one's own
will.
Sell, sel, v.t, to give or deliver in exchange for
something paid as equivalent : to betray for
money.v.i. to have commerce ; to be sold .
pr.p. sell'ing; pa.t. and pa.p. sold.. selfer.
 Seltzer sensualist
[A.S. sellan, to give; old Dutch, sellen, Ice. Send, send, v. t. , to cause to go .* to cause to be con
xtha, Goth, saljan, to deliver.] veyed ; to despatch: to commission : to diffuse:
Seltser, selt'zer, adj. denoting a mineral water to bestow.p.i. to despatch a message or mess
brought from Seltser in Germany. enger '.pr.p. send'ing ; pa.t. and pa.p. sent.
Selvage, sel'vaj. Selvedge, sel'vej, n. that part of 7t. eend'er. [A.S. sendan; Ice. senda; Goth.
cloth which forms an edge of itselfwithout hem sandjan; prob. allied to Sans, sadh, to go away.]
ming ; a border, [from Self, and Edge.J Seneschal, sen'esh-al, . lit. the senior or oldest of
Selves, selvz, //. of Self. the servants; asteward.n. en'eschalsbJp. [Fr.
Semaphore, sem'a-fOr,. . a contrivance for convey sinichal; Prov. senescal; low L. siniscalcus
ing intelligence by means of signals; a tele Goth, sini-sta, oldestsineigs, L. senex, senis,
graph.adjs. semapnor ic, semaphor leal. [Gr. Senile, old, and skaIks, oldGer. scale, a servant.]
sima, a sign, andpherS, to bear.] se^nll, adj., pertaining to old age or attend
Semblance, sem'blans, ., Hkeness; appearance: senis, ant on it ; aged.n. eenll'lty. [L. senilissenex,
figure. [Fr.sembler, to seem ; L. similo, to senior, seVyur, oldseneof to be old.]
make WVzsimilis, like.] adj., elder; older in office.n. one
Semibrevo, sem'i-brev, n. a musical note, half person.n.anotherolder than : one older in office : an aged
senior ity. [L. , comp. of senex.]
the length of a breve. [L. semi, half, Breve.] Senna, sen'a, n. the dried, purgative leaflets of
8emlclrcle, sem'i-serk-l, halfa circle ; the figure several species of cassia.
bounded by the diameter of a circle and half the Sennight, sen'it, n. contracted[Ar. sana or sena.]
circumference.adv. eemlclr cnUr. [L. semi, a week* [Sec Fortnight ] from seven nights ;
half, and Circle.]
Semicircumference, scm-i-ser-kum'fer-ens, ., half Sense, sens, n. a faculty by which objects are per
ceived ; perception : discernment: understanding;
ofthe circumference of a circle. [L. semi, half, power or soundness ofjudgment: reason: opinion;
and Circumference.] conviction: import:-//. The senses, or live senses,
Semicolon, seml-kO-lon, n., halfa colon} the point sight, hearing, smelt, taste, and touch. [L.
( ; ) shewing a division greater than the comma. sensussentio, sensurn, 10 discern by the senses.]
[L. semi, half, and Colon.]
Seml-dlameter, sem-i-dl-am'e-ter, ., half the di actuation, sen-sS'shun, n. perception by the senses;
ameter of a circle ; a radius. [L. semi, half, of the bodyt or by external
feeling excited by oDjects, by the state
immaterial objects : a state of
and Diameter.] excited feeling.adj. sensational.
Semi-fluid, scm-i-flOC'id, adj., half or imperfectly sensationalism, sen-sa'shun-al-izm, n. the doctrine
fluid. [L. semi, half, and Fluid.] that our ideas originate solely in sensation, and
Semiquaver, sem'i-kwa-ver, n. a musical note, that there are no innate ideas.n. senu'Uonallst,
halfthe length of a quaver. [L. semi, half, g a believer in sensationalism.
and Quaver.]
Semitone, scml-tOn, n., half a tone; one of the senseless, of feeling
sensles, adj., without sense; incapable
: wanting sympathy : foolish.-adv.
lesser intervals of the musical scale.adj. aemi- sense lessly.n. senselessness.
ton'lc [L. semi, half, and Tone.]
Semi-transparent, sem-i-trans-pi'rent, adj., half or sensible, sens'i-bl, adj. capable of being perceived
impcrfecdv transparent.n. wmi transparency. * affected by the senses : easily by
or the mind
affected : capable
; delicate of being;
: intelligent
[ J - semi, halfE and Transparent.] judicious : persuaded.n. sens'lbUness.-adv.
Semi-vocal, sem-i-vOlcal, adj. lit. half vocal; per sensibly.
taining to a semi-vowel. [L. semi, half, Vocal.]
Semi-vowel, sem'i-vow-el, a lialfvowel; a letter sensibility, sensible
sens-i-bil'i-ti, n., stateorquality ofbeing
: actual feeling : capacity of feeling :
with a half-vowel sound, as m. [L. semi, half, susceptibility: acuteness of feeling : delicacy.
Vowel.]
L semln-al, adj.,pertainingtoseed; radical ; sensitive, sens'l-tiv, adj., having sense or feeling ;
rudimental. [L. semen, seminis, seedsera, to taining to or depending; easily
susceptible to sensations affected : per
on sensation.adv.
sow.]
seminary, semln-ar-i, n. lit a place where seed is plant, the leaves of which are sensitive, orplant,
sens ltively.n. sensitivenen.sensitive
which
a
soum : a place of education. close when touched.
semination, scm-i-na'shun, n. , act of sowing; sensorial, sen-sOri-al, adj.,pertaining to the sensa-
natural dispersion of seed. rium.
Semitic, sem-irtk, adj., pertaining to the descend senaorlnm, sen-sO'ri-um, sensory, sen'sor-i, n. the
ants of Shem, the son of Noah, or to their organ which receives the impressions made on
languages. the senses,
Sempiternal, sem-pi-ter'nal, adj., everlasting; end sensual. sen shOO-al, adj. , pertaining to, affecting,
less. [L. sempitemussemper, ever, and or derived from the senses, as distinct from the
atemus. See Eternal.] mind ; not intellectual or spiritual : given to the
r.sem'str, Sempstress,sem'strcs, n., a woman pleasures of sense ; voluptuous ; lewd.adv.
sensually.n. een'sualnees. [I* sensualist
. See seneuallse, sen'shOO-al-iz, v.t., to make sensual; to
Senary, sen'ar-i, adj., containingf six si ; of or belong- debase by carnal gratification :/**./. sen sualls-
ing to six. [L. senariussent', sixceachr^_r,six.] ing ; Pa.p. sen sflallsed.
Senate, sen'St, n. lit. a council of elders; any legis sensualism, sen'shOT-al-izm, n., condition of one
lative or deliberative body. [L. senatussenex, who is sensual; sensual indulgence : the doc
sends, old, an old manseneo, to be old.] trine that all our knowledge is derived originally
senator, sen'a-tur, ., a member of a senate.n. from the senses.
en'atorshlp. sensualist, sen'shOD-al-ist, n., one given to sensual
senatorial, sen-a-ta'ri-al, adj., pertaining to or be ism or sensual indulgence ; a debauchee : a
coming a senate or a senator.adv. sanato'rUUy. believer in the doctrine of sensualism.
Cite, fir ; me, her ; mine ; mOte ; mute ; mOOn ; Men.
459
 senfluality
sensuality, sen-shOT-all-ti, *., quality of being
sensual; indulgence in sensual pleasures,
sensuous, sen'shOO-us, adj., pertaining to sense;
full of passion ; connected with sensible objects.
Sentence, sent'ens, n. lit. what one feels or thinks;
opinion ; a judgment pronounced on a criminal
by a court or judge : a maxim : Ingram., a num
ber of words containing a complete thought.
v.l. to pf*onounce judgment on ; to condemn
pr.p. sentencing; pa.p. sentenced. [Fr. ; L.
sententiasentio, to feel, to think.]
sentential, sen-ten'shal, adj., pertaining to a sen
tence; comprising sentences. adv. sentcn'tially.
sententious, sen-ten'shus, adj., abounding with
sentences or maxims ; short and pithy in expres
sion : bombastic, or affected in speech.adv.
senten'tiously.n. senten'tiousness.
sentient, sen'shi-ent, adj., discerning by the senses;
having the faculty of perception and sensation.
sentiment, sen'ti-ment, n., a thought occasioned by
feeling ; opinion ; judgment : sensibility ; feeling :
a thought expressed tn words ; a maxim ; a toast.
sentimental, sen-ti-mental, atij., having or abound
ing in sentiments or reflections : having an excess
of sentiment or feeling ; affectedly tender.
adv. sentiment'ally.
sentimentalUm, scn-ti-ment'al-izm, sentimentality,
sen-ti-men-tal'i-ti( n.t quality of being senti
mental; affectation of fine feeling.
sentimentalist, sen-ti-ment al-ist, ., one who affects
sentiment or fine feeling.
Sentinel, sen'ti-nel, n. lit. a little path ; one who
keeps watch by pacing to and fro a little path ;
asentry. [Fr. sentlnelu; acc. to Wedgwood, from
old Fr. sentine, sentelle, dim. of sente, a path.]
sentry, sen'tri, ., a sentinel; a soldier on guard
to observe the approach of danger, [from old
Fr. senteret, dim. of sente.]
sentry box, sen'tri-boks, n. a box to shelter a sentry.
Separable. See under Separate.
Separate, sep'ar-at, v.t. lit. toput aside or by itself;
to divide ; to part : to withdraw : to set apart for
a certain purpose.v.i. to part ; to withdraw from
each other ; to become disunited :Pr.p. sep'arat-
m8i PaP- separated.adj. separatee!; divided ;
apart from another ; distinct.adv. sep arately.
[L. separo, separatumse, aside, and para, to
put, to prepare]
separable, sep'ar-a-bl, adj., that may be separated
or disjoined.adv. sep'arably.
separation, scp-ar-a shun, n., act of separating or
disjoining: state of being separate ; disunion.
separatism, sep'ar-a-tizm, ., act of separating or
withdrawing, esp. from an established church.
separatist, sep'ar-a-tist, ., one who separates or
withdraws, esp. from an established church; a
dissenter.
Sepoy, s'poy, . lit. one who uses a bow; a native
Hindoosoldier in the British army in India. [Hind.
sipaJti, a soldier, from sip, a bow and arrow.]
Sept, sept, n. a clan or family, esp. in Ireland.
[probably a coir, of Sect.]
September, sep-tem'ber, n. orig. the seventh, now
the ninth month of the year. [L. septem, seven,
and Sans, vara, Pers. bar, time, period.)
Septenary, sep'ten-ar-i, adj., consisting of seven.
[L. septenariusseptem, seven.]
Septennial, sep-ten'yal, adj., lasting seven years;
happening every 7 years.adv. septenn'ially. [L.
septennisseptem, seven, annus, a year.]
Septuagenary, sep-tu-aj'en-ar-i, adj., consisting of
fate, far; me, her; mine;
serenade
seventy.n. one 70 years old. [L. septuagenarrus
septuageni, seventy eachseptem, seven.]
septuagenarian, sep-tu-a-jeD-a'ri-an, n. a person
seventy years old.
Septuagesima, sep-tu-a-jesl-ma, . the third Sunday
before Lentthe seventieth day before Easter.
[L. septuagesimusseptem, seven.]
septuagesimal, sep-tfl-a-jcs'i-mal, adj., consisting of
seventy ; counted by seventies.
Septuagint. sep'tO-a-jint, n. the Greek version or
the Old Testament, said to have been made by
seventy translators at Alexandria about 300 years
B.C. [L. septuagintaseptem, seven.]
Sepulchre, sep'ul-ker, n., a place of burial; tomb.
[L. sepulchrumsepelio, sepultus, to bury.]
sepulchral, se-pul'kral, adj. , pertaining to a sepul
chre, or to monuments erected for the dead : fig.
deep, hollow, as tone.
sepulture, sep'ul-tdr, ., act of burying the dead ;
interment ; burial.
Sequel, seTcwel, ., that which follows; suc
ceeding part : result ; consequence. [L. sequela
sequor, Gr. hepomai, to follow.]
sequent, se'kwcnt, adj.,following; succeeding.
sequence, sS'kwens, ., state of being sequent or
following ; order of succession : that which
follows ; consequence : in music, a regular suc
cession of similar chords.
Sequester, se-kwes'ter, v.t. to separate : to with
draw from society ; to set apart : in law, to
place anything contested into the hands of a
third person till the dispute is settled : to hold
the property of another till the profits pay the
demands : to take possession of the estate of a
bankrupt in order to distribute it among the
creditors.v.i. in law, to renounce any interest
in the estate of a husband :/r./. sequester
ing ; Pa.p. seques'tered. [low L. sequestra, -alum
sequester, a depositary, prob. from secus, aloof.]
sequestered, se-kwes'terd, adj. retired, secluded,
sequestrate, se-kwes'trat, v.t., to sequester.
sequestration,
tng, esp. these-kwes-tra'shun,
seizure of any n.,'one's
act property
ofsequester-
for
the use of the state during dispute, or for the
benefit of creditors : state of being separated ; '
seclusion from society,
sequestrator, se-kwes-trJ/tor, ., one who sequesters
another's property : one to whom property is
committed during dispute.
Seraglio, se-ral'yO, it. lit. that which is locked or
barred; the palace of the Turkish sultan, esp,
the part tn which the women are kept. [It.
serraglioserrare, to lock up, from L. sera, a
door-bar, which came to be used for Pers. serai,
a palace.]
Seraph, seraf, n. lit. aprince of heaven ; an angel
of the highest rank.in //. seraphs, ser'afs, ser
aphim, ser'af-im. [Heb. seraphim, akin to sar,
a prince, in//, angels.]
seraphic, se-raf'ik, aeraphical, se-raf'ik-al, adj., per
taining to or becoming a seraph; angelic; pure;
sublime ; refined.adv. seraph'lcally.
Sere, same as Sear.
Serenade. See under Serene.
Serene, se-reV, adj. , clear; calm ; unclouded : undis
turbed ; unruffled : a form of address used to the
princes of Germany and their families,adv.
serenely. [L. serenus.}
serenity, se-ren'i-ti, n., state or quality of beiDg
serene ; clearness ; calmness ; peace.
serenade, ser-e-nad', n. orig. music performed in
mOte; mate; moon ; then.
 Serf
the open air on a serene night ; music performed
by a gentleman under a lady's window at night ;
a piece of music for such an occasion. v.t. to
entertain with a serenade.v.i. to perform a
serenade :/r./. serenading ; pa.p. screnad'ed.
[Fr. ; It. serenata, from sereno, L. serenus.]
Serf, serf, n. lit. one who serves ; a slave attached
to the soil and sold with it. [Fr. ; L. servus.
See Serve.]
serfdom, serfdom, condition ofa serf.
Serge, serj, n. a cloth made of twilled worsted or
silk. [Fr. ; It. sargia, from L. sericum, silk,
from Seres, the Chinese.]
Sergeant, sarjent, . lit. a servant; a non-commis
sioned officer next above a corporal : a lawyer of
the highest rank.Sergeant-at-arms, an officer
who attends the king, the lord-high-steward,
&c. : an officer of a legislative body for keep
ing order, &c.Sergeant-major, a non-commis
sioned officer who assists the adjutant. [Fr.
sergentL. serviens, -entis, pr.p. of servio, to
serve. See Serve.]
sergeancy, sarjen-si, sergeantihip, sar'jent-ship, .,
office ofa sergeant.
Serial See under Series.
Series, se'ri-Cz, n. a succession of things connected
by some likeness ; sequence ; order : in math.,
a progression of numbers or quantities according
to a certain law. [L.sero, sertum, to join,
akin to Sans, si, to bind.]
serial, ae'ri-al, adj., pertaining to or consisting of
a series; appearing periodically.?*, a tale or
other composition appearing in successive parts,
as in a periodical
serially, sfi'ri-al-li, adv. , in a series or regular order.
seriate, sS'ri-at, adj., arranged in a scries.
Serious, sfi'ri-us, adj. lit. severe, grave; solemn;
in earnest ; important : attended with danger.
adv. seriously.n. le'liouneu. [L. serins, akin
to severus, severe.]
Serjeant, same as Sergeant.
Sermon, scr'mun, n. lit. thatwhick issoundedforth ;
a discourse on a text of Scripture. [L. sermo,
sermonis, akin to Sans, svara, sound.]
Serous. See under Beram.
Serpent, ser'pent, n. lit. ike creeping animal; a
reptile without feet which moves by means of its
ribs and scales : a person subtle or malicious :
one of the constellations : in music, a bass wind-
instrument, so called from its form. [L. serpens,
-entis, pr.p. of scrfio, to creep, akin to Gr.
herpd, Sans, srip, to creep.]
serpentine, ser'pen-tln, adj., resembling a serpent ;
winding ; spiral ; crooked.. a mineral of a
green, black, or red colour, sometimes spotted
like a serpenfs skin.
Serrate, ser'rat, Serrated, scr-rar'ed, adj. notched
or cut like a saw. [L. serratusserra, a saw
seco, to cut.]
serration, scr-ra'shun, n., state ofbeing serrated.
Serried, scr'rkl. adj. lit. shut in; crowded; pressed
together. [Fr. serrer, to crowd; It. serrare, to
lock upsera, a door-bar, L. sera, to bind.]
See Series.
Strom, seVum, n. the watery part of curdled milk ;
whey : the thin fluid which separates from the
blood when it coagulates. [L. ; akin to Gr.
soros, serum, and saras. water.]
aerons, serus, resemblingserum; thin; watery.
Servant. See under Serve.
fate, Hut; me, her; mine;
setting
Serve, serv, v.i., to be a slave or servant; to bo
employed by another ; to discharge the duties of
an office ; to attend or wait upon: to be suffi
cient ; to suit.v.t. to work for; to be in the
employment of ; to obey ; to be subservient or
subordinate to : to wait upon at table, &c ; to
supply with food : to arrange : to perform the
duties of : to suffice for ; to satisfy : to treat :
Pr.p. serving ; pa.p. served'. [L. servio, from
servus, a slave, probably akin to serv, to bind.]
servant, serVant, ., one who serves or is in the
service of another ; a domestic : in B., a slave ;
one of low condition or spirit : a word of civility.
server, serv'er, *., one who serves: a salver.
service, servis, ., condition or occupation of a
servant ; a working for another : duty required
in any office ; military or naval duty : office of
devotion : a musical composition for devotional
purposes : labour, assistance, or kindness to
another ; benefit : profession of respect : order of
dishes at table, or a set of them.serv ice-book, a
book of forms of religious service: a prayer-book.
serviceable, scrvis-abl, adj., able to do service;
advantageous ; useful : able or willing to serve ;
active ; diligent.adv. serviceably.
servile, seiVll, adj., pertaining to a slave or serv
ant ; slavish : meanly submissive ; cringing.
adit. serVllely.
servility, ser-vil'i-ti, ., state or quality of being
servile ; slavery ; obsequiousness.
servitor, servi-tor, ., one who serves ; a servant ;
a follower or adherent
servitude, scrv'i-tQd, n., state of being a slave;
slavery: state of slavish dependence.
Session, sesh'un, n., the sitting or assembly of a
court or public body : the time it sits. [Fr. ; L.
sessio, sessionis, from sedeo, sessum, to sit.]
Sesspool, same as Cesspool.
Set, set, v.t., to make to sit; to place ; to fix; to
put in a condition : to render motionless: to de
termine beforehand : to obstruct ; to plant ; to
fix in metal : to assign, as a price : to put in order
for use : to sharpen ; to spread, as sails ; to pitch,
as a tune ; to adapt music to : to adom with
something fixed ; to stud : to point, as a dog.
v.t. to sink below the horizon ; to decline : to
plant : to become fixed : to congeal : to have a
certain direction in motion : to point out game :
to apply (one's self) '.Pr.p. setting; pa.t. and
pa.p. set. [A.S. settan; Dutch, setten; Ger. set-
zen; old Ger. sezzan; causative of Sit.] To set
aside, to put away, to omit or reject :at naught,
to despise :by, in B. , to value or esteem :forth,
to exhibit ; to publish : in B., to set off to advan
tage ; to set out on a journey :forward, in B.,
to further, promote :in, to put in the way ; to
begin :oft, to adorn ; to place against as an
equivalent :on, in B., to attack :to, to affix.
et, set, adj. lit. seated, so in B. ; fixed ; firm ; de
termined: regular; established. n. a number
of things similar or suited to each other, set or
used together : a number of persons associated :
direction.
set-off, set'-of, n. a claim set up against another; a
counterbalance,
settee, set-t', n. a long seat with a back,
setter, set'er, ., one who sets, as words to music :
a dog which sets or crouches when it sees the
game.
setting, set'ing, ., act of setting; direction of a
current of wind : the hardening of plaster : that
which sets or holds, as the mounting of a jewel.
mOte; mute; mOon; then.
461
 settle
, setl, v.t. to set or place in a fixed state ; to
fix; to establish in a situation or business: to
render quiet, clear, &c : to decide ; to free from
uncertainty : to quiet ; to compose : to fix by
gift or legal act ; to adjust : to liquidate or pay :
to colonise.v.i. to become fixed or stationary :
to fix one's residence ; to grow calm or clear : to
sink by its own weight : to sink to the bottom :
to cease from agitation : to adjust differences or
accounts '.pr.p. settling ; pa.p. settled,
ettls, setl, n. a long bench with a high back for
sitting- on: in B., also, a platform lower than
another part. [A.S. setl, from sittan, to sit.]
settlement, setl-ment, n., act ofsettling; state of
being settled ; payment ; arrangement : a colony
newly settled : a sum newly settled on a woman
at her marriage*
pettier, seller, ., one who settles; a colonist.
Baton, sc'tcn or sc'tn, n. a passage made by a needle
under the skin, through which threads of silk are
drawn to cause irritation and discharge [Fr. ;
It. setone, from seta, silk. L. seta, a bristle.]
Settee, Setter, Settle. See under Set.
Seven, sev'n, adj. and n. six and one. [A.S. seofon;
Ger. sieben; Goth, sibun; L. septem; Sans.
saptan.]
sevenfold, sevVfold, adj.,folded seven times; mul
tiplied seven times. [Seven, and Fold.]
seventeen, sev'n-ten, adj. and n,, seven and ten.
I A.S. seofontineseofon, and tin, ten.]
seventeenth, sev'n-tenth, adj. and n. the seventh
after the tenth, [A.S. seofonteothaseofon, and
teotha, tenth.]
seventh, sevnth, adj., last of seven, next after the
sixth.. one of seven equal parts.adv. sev Sexual, Sexuality. See under Sex.
enthly. [A.S. seofotha.]
seventy, scv n-ti, adj. and n., seven times ten. [A.S.
seofontigseofon, and tig, ten.]
seventieth, scvVti-eth, adj. K last of seventy ; the
ordinal of 70.n. a seventieth part
Sever, sev'er, v.t., to separate with violence; to cut
apart;; to divide : in B., to keep distinct.v.i.
to make a separation or distinction : to be rent
asunder \pr\p. severing ; pa.p. severed, [old
Fr. sevrer; It, severare ; L. seParo. See Sepa-
rate.]
several, sev'er-al, adj. orig. separate ; distinct ;
particular : different ; various : consisting of a
number ; sundry.adv. seVersily.
severance, seVer-ans, n., act ofsevering; separation.
Severe, se-vCr', adj. lit. honoured} serious ; grave ;
austere : strict ; not mild : strictly adhering to
rule: sharp; distressing; inclement: searching;
difficult to be endured.adv. severely. [Fr.
severe ; L. severus, akin to Sans, sev, to wor
ship, honour.]
severity, se-verl-ti, n., quality of being severe;
gravity ; harshness ; exactness ; inclemency.
Sew, s6, v.t. to join or fasten together with a needle
and thread.v.i. to practise sewing :Pr.p.
sew'ing ; pa.p. sewed'.n. sew'er. [A.S. siwian,
suwan.- old Ger. siwian ; Goth, stujan; L. suo.\
sewing, sO'ing, n., act ofsewing: what is sewed.
Sewer, su'er, n. anand
underground
ing offwater filth, [oldpassage for drain
Fr. sewiere ; Fr.
essuyer, essuer, It. asciugaret to dryL. ex,
out, and suecus, moisture.]
sewerage, sO'er-aj, n. construction of a sewer ; the
whole sewers of a city : drainage by sewers.
sewage, su'&j, n. refuse carried off by sewers.
Bex, seks, n. the distinction between male and
fate, far \ me, her ;
shadowy
female ; the characteristics by which an animal
or plant is male or female. The Sex, woman
kind. [Fr. sexe ; L. sexus.]
sexual, seks*Q-al, adj., pertaining to sex; distin
guishing or founded on the sex ; relating to the
distinct organs of the sexesadv. eex oaily.
sexuality, seks-u-al'i-ti, n., state or quality ofbeing
sexual.
Sexagenary, seks-aj'en-ar-i or seks'a-jen-ar-i, adj.
lit. containing sixty; designating the number
sixty.n. a sexagenarian ; something contain
ing sixty. i L. sexagenariessexageni, sixty
eachscxaginta, sixtysex, six.]
n. a ]
years old.
sexagesuna, scks-a-jes'i-ma, n. the second Sunday
before Lent, being about the sixtieth day before
Easter. [L. sexagesimus, sixtieth.]
sexagesimal, seks-a-jes'i-mal, adj., Pertaining to
the number sixty; proceeding by sixties.
sexennial, seks-en yal, adj., lasting "' '
happening once in six years.-
[L. sexennissex, six, and annus, a year.]
sextant, seks'tant, n. in math., the sixth part of a
circle : an optical instrument having an arc
= the sixth part of a circle, and used for mea
suring angular distances. [Fr. ; L. sextans, a
sixthsex, six.]
Sexton, scks'tun, n., a sacristan; an officer who
has charge of a church, attends the clergyman,
digs graves, &c. [a corruption of Sacristan,j
sextonship, sets'tun-ship, ., the office ofa sexton.
Sextuple, seks'tu-pl, adj., sixfold: in music, having
six parts. [Fr.L. sextus, six, plico, to fold.]
Shabby, shab'i, adj. lit scabby or rubbed; thread*
bare or worn, as clothes: having a look of
poverty ; mean in look or conduct : low ; paltry.
adv. ihabb'lly.n. ahabb'lneie. [Ger. schdbig,
scabby, threadbareschaben, to rub. See Scab ]
Bhacxlei, shak'lz, n.pl. lit. things that can ie
shaken, links; a chain to confine the limbs;
handcuffs ; fetters : anything that hinders free
action.v.t. hackle, to fetter ; to tie the limbs of:
to confine '.pr.p. shackling; pa.p. shackled.
[A.S. scacul, sceacul, a shacklescacan, to shake;
Dutch, schaechel, a link of a chain.]
Shade, shad, n. partial darkness ; interception of
light : obscurity : a shady place : protection ;
shelter ; a screen : degree of colour ; a very
minute change : in paint., the dark part of a
picture : the soul separated from the body ; a
ghost.v.t. to screen from light or heat: to
shelter ; to mark with gradations of colour ; to
darken.v.i. to act as a shade :pr.p. shading ;
Pa.p. shid'ed.n. shad'er. [A.S. scadu, setads ;
Ger. schatten, prob. akin to Gr. shia, a shadow.]
shady, shSdl, adj., having or in shade; sheltered
from light or heatadv. ahadlly.n. sftad'ueea.
shadow, shad'o, n., shade caused by an object ;
shade ; darkness : shelter : security ; favour : the
dark part of a picture : an inseparable com
panion : a mystical representation ; faint appear
ance ; something only in appearance.v.t. to
shade ; to cloud or darken : to shade, as a
painting ; to represent faintly '.pr.p. shad'ow-
ing ; fa.p. shad owed.
ehadowing, shad'o-ing, n., shading; gradation of
light and colour.
shadowy, shad'o-i, adj., full of shadow; dark:
obscure ; typical : unsubstantial.
 Shaft
, shaft, ., a shaved or smoothed rod : any
thing long and straight, as the stem of an arrow,
&c. ; the part of a column between the base and
capital : the stem of a feather : the entrance to
a mine : a pole of a carriage. [A.S. sceaft
seafan, to shave, to scrape : Ger. sckajt ; prob.
akin to Gr. skiptron, a staff.]
shafted, shaft'ed, adj. , having a shaft or handle.
Shag, shag, that which is rough or bushy;
rough, woolly hair: cloth with a shaggy nap.
[A.S. sceacga, that which is rough or shaggy ;
Ice. shsgg, Dan. shag, the beard.]
shaggy, shag'i, adj., covered with rough hair or
wool : rough ; rugged.. shagg'lness.
Chagreen, sha-gren', . a kind of leather made
from horses', asses', or camels' skin ; shark-skin.
adj. also shagreened', made of or covered with
shagreen. [Fr. chagrin, or sagri; Turk, sagri,
thehack of a horse.]
Shah, sha, ., the hing or monarch of Persia. [Pcrs.
shah, a king, prince.]
Shake, shak, v.t. to move with quick, short mo
tions : to agitate ; to make to tremble : to
threaten to overthrow : to cause to waver ; to
make afraid : to give a tremulous note to.v.t.
to be agitated ; to tremble ; to shiver : to lose
firmness \pr.p. shak'ing; pa.t. shook, in B.,
shaked' ; pa.p. shak'en.. a rapid tremulous
motion : a trembling or shivering : a concussion ;
a rent in timber, rock. &c. : in music, a rapid
repetition of two notes. [A.S. souan, Ice.
sJtaha, Dutch, shoeken, to shake.]
shaky, shak'i, adj., in a shaking condition ; feeble ;
unsteady : full of cracks or clefts.n. ihak'tnau.
-Ian, Shakspearean or -lan, Bhaks-
or -lan, shik-spere-an, adj., pertaining to
__ in the style of Shakespeare, the greatest
modern poet, 15641616, or to bis works.
iako, shak'o, n. a kind of military cap. [Hun.
csako.]
aale, slial, ;;. orig. a shell or husk; a rock of a
slaty structure, often found in the coal-measures.
[Ger. schale, a skin or bark, schalen, to peel, to
split off.]
iaJy, shaTi, adj., pertaining to, or having the
qualities of shale.
Shall, shal, v.t. orig. to owe; to be under obliga
tion : used m the future tense of the verb.
[AS. seal, sceal, to be obliged, Ger. solien, Ice.
shal, to be in duty bound : acc to Grimm, skal,
orig. = I have slain, hence to be liable for a
fine : acc to Wedgwood, from Ice. skil, separa
tion, difference, skilja, to makd a difference, to
concern one.]
Shalloon, shal-loorr*, . a light kind of woollen stuff
said to have been first made at Chalons in France.
Shallop, shal'op, n. lit. a sloop; a large schooner-
rigged boat with two masts. [Fr. schaloupe, Ger.
schaluppe, schlupe, Dutch, sloep.] See Sloop.
Shallot, Shalot, sha-lot*, n. a kind of onion with
a flavour like that of garlic [corr. of Eschalot.]
Shallow, shal'o, n. lit. a shelf; a sandbank ; a flat
place over which the water is not deep : a shoal.
adj. not deep: not deep or profound ; not wise :
trifling.n. ih&lTowaea. [from root of Shalt]
Shalt, shalt, 2d per. sing. of Shall.
Shaly. See under Shalt.
Sham, sham, n. lit. something dons to hide shame ;
that which
imposture.v.t. to pretend ; to feign : to impose
fate, far ; me, her ;
share
upon.v.t. to make false pretences :pr.p.
shainrn'ing ; Pa.p. shammed'.**^/, pretended ;
false, [from root of Shame.]
Shamble*, sham'bht, n.pl. lit. stalls on which butch
ers exposed their meat for sale ; a slaughter
house. [A.S. scamel, Ger. scha'mel, a bench;
akin to L. scabellum, dim. of scamnum, a bench
scando, to climb.]
Shama, sham, n. the feeling caused by the expos
ure of that which ought to be concealed, or by
a consciousness of guilt : the cause of shame:
dishonour : in B., the parts of the body which
modesty requires to be concealed.v.t. to make
ashamed ; to cause to blush : to cover with re
proach :pr.p. shanking; pa.p. shamed'. [A.S.
scamu, modesty, sceamu, Ger. scham, shame,
nakedness ; prov. Ger. scheme, shade, obscurity.}
shamefaced, sham'fist, adj., easily shelving shame;
very modest or bashful ; easily confused.<urt'.
ihame'faeedly.n. shame facednesi, in New Test.,
a corr. of shame/astness, modesty, [for old E
shamefast; A.S. sceam-fa>stsceamu, modesty,
fast, fast, perfectly, very.]
shamefuL sham'fooI{ adj.,full0/or bringingshame;
disgraceful : raising shame in others ; indecent.
adv. shamefully.n.
shameless, shame'falness.
shamles, adj., without shams; im
modest : done without shame ; audacious.adv.
shamelessly.n. shamelessness.
Shammy, sham'i, Shamoy, sham-oy*, n. leather orig.
prepared from the skin of the chamois, but
now from that of the deer, goat, &c [a corr. of
Chamois.]
Shampoo, sham-pro', v.t., to squeess and rub the
body of, in connection with the hot bath: to
wash thoroughly with soap and water, as the
head :pr.p. shampooing ; Pa.p. shampooed'.
n. shampoo'er. [Hind, tskampua, to squeeze.]
Shamrock, sham'rok, n., trefoil; a species of clover,
the national emblem of Ireland [Ir. seamrog,
Gael, seamrag, trefoil.]
Bhank, shangk, ., the bone ofthe leg, the leg; the
leg below the knee to the foot : the long part of
any instrument, as ofan anchor between the arms
and ring. [A.S. scans, the bone of the leg, the
leg ; old Ger. scancho, Ger. schenhel, the leg.]
Shape, shap, v.t., to form, so in B. ; to fashion:
to adapt to a purpose ; to regulate ; to direct :
to conceive.v.u to take a shape; to be ad
justed; to suit:pr.p. shaping; Pa.p. shaped',
in ., shap'en.n. form or figure: external
appearance : that which has form or figure; an
appearance : particular nature ; expression, as in
words. [A.S. scyppan, scapan, Ger. schaffen.
Ice. shaPa, to form.]
shapable, snap'a-bl, adj., thai may be shaped.
shapeless, shap'les, adj., having no shape or regular
form ; wanting symmetry.n. shape'lessness.
shapely, shap'li, adj., having shape or a regular
form ; symmetrical.n. shape'lisess.
Share, shar, a part shorn or cut off; a portion :
dividend : one of a number of equal portions of
anything.v.t. to divide into parts: to ]
with others.v.t. to have a part ; to
a dividend '.-pr.p. sharing; pa.p. sha
n. sharer. [A.S. scearuscsran, to cut off; Ger.
schaur, a division.]
share, shir, n. the iron blade of a plough which
shears or cuts the ground. [A.S. scatr, scear,
the share of a ploughsccran, to cut]
 shareholder
shareholder, sharTiCld-er, one who holds or owns
a share in a joint fund or property.
Shark, shark, . a large voracious fish with large
sharp teeth. [L. carcharusGr. karxkarias,
sharp-pointed, ' having sharp teethkarcharos,
sharp, akin to charassd, to scratch.]
flharp, sharp, adj. having a thin, cutting edge ;
peaked or ridged : affecting the senses as if
pointed or cutting ; severe ; keen ; shrewd ;
of keen or quick perception : pungent ; biting ;
sarcastic : eager ; fierce : impetuous : shrill :
emaciated, as the visage.. an acute sound:
in music, a note raised a semitone ; the char
acter, jj, directing this.adv. sharply.n. sharp'-
MM. [Ice. skarpt, Ger. scharf; akin to L.
scaipo, to scratch, scrape, and to Scraps.]
sharpen, sharp'n, v.t., to make sharp or keen; to
give edge or point to : to make pungent or pain
ful ; to make severe : to make eager, active, or
acute.v.i. to grow sharp :Pr.p. sharpening;
Pa.p. sharp'ened.
harper, sharp'er, . lit. one who practises sharp
ness ; a trickster; a swindler; a cheat
iharp-stt, sharp'-set, adj., set sharply; eager;
keen : ravenous.
aharp-aighted, sharp'-slt-ed, adj., having sharp or
acute sight; shrewd; discerning.
sharp-witted, sharp'-wit-ed, adj., having a sharp or
acute wit; sagacious.
Shatter, shat'er, v.t. to break so that the pieces are
scattered : to break or dash to pieces ; to crack ;
to disorder ; to render unsound.v.i. to be
broken into fragments ; to fall to pieces through
the application of some force 'pr.p. shatt'er-
ing ; pa.p. shatr/ered.n. a fragment, [similar
to Scatter : from the sound.]
Shave, ihtv. v.t., to scrape ; to pare with a razor;
to pare closely ; to cut off the hair with a razor;
to make smooth by paring ; to cut in thin slices ;
to skim along the surface ; to strip iPr.p.
shaVing; pa.t. shaved'; Pa.p. shaved' or shav'en,
[AS. sea/an, Dutch, schrabben, schabben, to
scrape, to shave, schaven, to rub, to shave, Ger.
schaben, L. scabo, to scrape.]
ehaveling, shSVling, ., a man shaved; a monk or
friar (in contempt).
haver, shaVer, n., one who shaves; a barber: a
sharp dealer; a plunderer.
shaving, shaving, m., the act of shaving: that
which is shaved or pared off.
JJhawl, shawl, n. a cloth of wool, cotton, silk, or
hair used, particularly by women, as a cover
ing for the snoulders ; a kind of mantle.v.t* to
wrap in a shawl :pr.p. shawl'ing ;Pa.p. shawled'.
[Fr. chAle, Pers. and Hind, shal.)
She, she, pron.fem. the female understood or pre
viously mentioned : sometimes used as a noun for
female. [A.S. seo, heo, Goth, si, Ger. sie.]
Sheaf, sheT, . (//. Sheaves, she"vz) a quantity of
things, esp. the stalks ofgrain, shoved and bound
up together; any bundle or collection.v.t. to
bind in sheaves.v.i. to make sheaves '.pr.p.
sheafing; Pa.p. sheafed'. [A.S. sceaf, Ger.
shaubA.S. sceofan, Ger. schieben, to shove.]
theafy, sht'f'i, adj., consisting ofsheaves.
Shear, shCr, v.t., to shave, cut, or clip; to clip with
shears or any other instrumentv.i. to separate:
pr.p. shearing ; pa.t. sheared' ; pa.p. sheared'
or shorn.n. shearer. [A.S. sceran, Ice. skera,
to cut or clip, Ger. schertn, to shave, to separate.]
fate, far ; me, her ; mine ;
sheet-lightning
shearling, sherling, n., a sheep only once sheared.
heart, sherz, n.pl. an instrument for shearing or
cutting consisting of two blades that meet each
other ; anything like shears ; an apparatus for
raising heavy weights consisting of upright spars
fastened together at the top and furnished with
tackle.
Sheath, sheth, ., that which protects or covers ; a
case for a sword or other long instrument: a
scabbard : any thin defensive covering ; a mem
brane covering a stem or branch ; the wing-case
of an insect. [A.S. sceath, scarth, Ger. sckeide,
Ice. skeidir, a sheath, Gael, sgiath, a protection,
a shield.]
sheathe, shith, v.t., toPut into a sheath ; to cover
with a sheath or case ; to enclose in a lining :
pr.p. sheath'ing ; Pa.p. sheathed'.
sheathing, shethlng, n.t that which sheathes, esp.
the covering of a ship's bottom.
Shechlaah, she-kl'na, n. See Sheilaah.
Shed, shed, v.t., to shake ; to scatter ; to throw out ;
to pour; to spill.v.i. to let fall .pr.p. shedd'-
ing ; Pa.t. and pa.p. shed.n. ahedder. [AS.
scedan, low Ger. schudden, Ger. schutten, topour ;
allied to Gr. skedannumi, to scatter, to shed.]
Shed, shed, n. , that which shades ; a slight erec
tion, usually of wood, for shade or shelter ; an
outhouse ; a hut [from Shade.]
Sheen, shin, n., that which shines; brightness or
splendour, [from Shine.]
Sheep, shep, n.sing. and pi. the well-known animal
covered with wool : a silly fellow (in contempt}.
[AS. sceap, Dutch, schaap, Ger. schaf]
aheepcot, shSpTcot, a cot or inclosurefor sheep.
aheepfold, shepfoid, ., a fold or inclosure Jar
sheep; a flock of sheep.
sheepish, shSp'ish, adj., like a sheep ; bashful ; fool
ishlydiffident.adv. aheep'lahly.. aheep'udmea.
aheepmaatar, shep'mas-ter, n. in B., a master or
owner ofsheep.
aheep-ahearer, shep'-shcr-iir, one who shears
sheep.
sheep-shearing, shCp'-shfir-ing, n., the shearing cj
sheep ; the time of shearing the sheep.
aheep-walk, shep'-wawk, n., the place where the
sheep walk and pasture ; sheep-pasture.
Sheer, shCr, adj., bright; clear; pure ; unmingled;
simple ; without a break, perpendicular.-adz.
clear; quite; at once. (A.S. scir, Ice. skirr,
bright, clear, Ger. schier, Goth, skeirs, clear,
Sans, charu, beautiful.]
Sheer, sher, v.i., to deviate from the line of the
Sroper course, as a ship ; to turn aside.n. the
eviation from the straight line, or the longi
tudinal curve or bend of a ship's deck or sides,
[from Shear, v.i.]
Bheen, shfrz, n. same as Shears.
Sheet, shct. n. lit. that which is shot or spread out:
a large thin piece of anything ; a large, broad
piece of cloth in a bed ; a large, broad piece of
paper ; a sail ; the rope fastened to the sails to
extend them to the wind.v.t. to cover with or
as with a sheet :/r.p. sheeting ; Pa.p. sheet'ed.
[AS. sceat, from sceotan, to snoot, to extend,
Ger. schote, the sheet (naut.)]
sheet-anchor, shet'-ang-kor, n. the largest anchor
of a ship, shot or thrown out in extreme dancer:
chief support; last refuge, [old E. shoot-anchor.}
sheeting, shCt'ing. n. cloth used for bed-sheets.
sheet-lightning, shct'-Iit-ning, n., lightning appear
ing in sheets or having a broad appearance.
m5te ; mute.; mCDu ; Men.
 Sheik
Sheik, shek, *. , an tfW Mao ; a man of eminence, a
lord, a chief. [Ar. sheikhshakha, to be old.]
Shekel, shekl, . a Jewish weight (about half an
ounce avoirdupois) and coin (about ar. 6d. ster
ling). (Heb., from skakal, to weigh.]
Shekin&h, she-klna, n. the Divine presence which
rested like a cloud or visible light over the mercy-
scat. [Heb., from shakan, to rest.]
Shelf, shelf, (//. ihelvei, shelvx), n. lit. something
thin like a shell; a flat layer of rock ; a ledge :
a shoal ; a sand-bank : a board fixed on a wall,
&c. for laying things on. [A.S. scyl/e, Scot.
shelve, to separate in layers, Dutch, schelf, a
scaffold, sckelffe, a shell.]
helfy, shelf'i, adj.,full ofshelves; shelf-like.
helve, shelv, v.t., to furnish "with shelves; to
place on a shelf; to put aside.v.i. to slope like
a shelf '-fir.p. shelving ; Pa.p. shelved'.
shelving, shelving, ., thefurnishing with shelves;
the act of placing on a shelf ; shelves or mate
rials for shelves.
shelvy, shelv'i, adj., full of shelves or shoals;
shallow.
Shell, shel, n. lit. something thin like a scale; a
hard covering of some animals ; any framework ;
a rough kind of coffin : an instrument of music :
a bomb.v.t. to break off the shell ; to remove
the shell from ; to take out of the shell : to throw
shells or bombs upon, to bombard.v.i. to fall
off like a shell ; to cast the shell ; to be freed
from the shell or husk :pr.p. shelling ; Pa.p.
shelled'. [A.S. seel, Ice. skJl, Dutch, sckelle,
schaele, Ger. schale.] See Scale.
ahell-ftih, shel'-fish, n., afish or an aquatic animal
with an external shell.
shell-proof, shel-proTJf, adj., Proof against or able
to resist shells or bombs.
shell-work, shel'-wurk, work composed of or
adorned with shells.
shelly, shel'i, adj.,full ofor made of shells.
Shelter, shelter, n., that which shields orprotects;
a refuge; a retreat, a harbour: one who pro
tects, a guardian : the state of being covered or
protected; protection.v.t. to cover or shield;
to defend ; to conceal.v.i. to take shelter :
/r./. sheltering ; pa.p. sheltered. (Ger. schul-
ter, Dan. skjul, a cover, a shelter. Ice. skyla, to
cover: akin to Shield.]
Shelve. Sec under Shelf.
Bhemltic, same as Semitic.
Shepherd, shep'erd, n., one who herds sheep I a
swain ; a pastor, fern, ihep'herdees. [Sheep, Herd.J
Sherbet, sher'bet, n., a drink of water and lemon-
juice, sweetened and flavoured. [Arab, sherbet,
sharbat, a drink, from shariba, akin to L. sor-
beo, to drink : other forms are Shrub and Syrup :
from the sound.]
Sherd, sherd, n. in B., a shred, a fragment.
Sheriff, sher'if, ., the governor of a shire; an
officer in a county who executes the law.n.
her'iffshlp. (A.S. sciregerefascire, shire, ger-
efa, a governor, Dutch, graef, graeve, Ger.
graf a count. ]
sheriffalty, stier'if-al-ti, iheriffdom, sher'if-dum,
the office orjurisdiction ofa sheriff.
Sherry, sher'i, n. a dry wine of an amber colour,
obtained principally from Xeres in Spain.
haw, shO, same as Show.
Shewbresd, shA'bred, same as Showbresd.
Shibboleth, shib'bo-leth, n. in B., a word used as a
fate, far ; me, her ; mine ;
Ship
test by the GUeadites to detect the Ephraimites,
who could not pronounce the sh; the criterion or
watchword of a party. [Heb., an ear of corn ;
or a stream, from shabal, to grow, to flow.]
Shield, sheld, ir. a broad piece of' defensive armour
on the left arm: defence: a person who protects :
an escutcheon.v. t. to defend:fr.p. shielding ;
Pa.p. shielded. [A.S. scyldscyidan, to defend:
Ger. schild, Sw. skold, Ice. skioldr, protection
skyla, to protect; Gael, sgail, a covering.]
hleldlew, sheldlcs, adj., without a shield; de
fenceless.
Shift, shift, v.t. orig. to divide; to change : to put
out of the way: to dress in fresh clothes.v.i*.
to change about : to remove : to change one's
clothes : to resort to expedients for some pur
pose '.Pr.p. shifting ; pa.p. shift'ed.n. a
change : a contrivance ; an artifice ; last resource :
a chemise.*. shift er. [A.S. scyftan, to divide,
to order ; Ice. ski/a, to ordain, arrange, skipta,
Sw. skifla, # to divide, to change, old Ger.
schichten, allied to Gr. schizd, L. scindo, to divide.]
shiftless, shift'les, adj. , destitute of shifts or ex
pedients : unsuccessful, for want ofproper means.
Shilling,shil'ing, n. an English silvercoin=xa pence.
[A.S. settling; fr.escalin; It. scellino Goth.
skilliggs, old Ger. shilling, from Sw. skilja, to
divide, a shilling being a piece of money stamped,
deeply with a cross so that it could be easily
broken into four, each ofwhich was called in A.S.
feortkling, a fourth part, a farthing.]
Shin, shin, n. the large bone of the leg or the fore
part of it, so called from the likeness of its
sharp edge to a splint of wood. [A.S. setts,
scina, the shin ; Ger. schiene, a splint, or thin
piece of wood, schienbein, the shin-bone.]
Bhlne, shTn, v.i., to scatter rays of light ; to beam
with steady radiance ; to glitter : to be bright
or beautiful : to be eminent :Pr.p. shln'ing ;
pa.t. and pa.p. shone (shon) : in B., pa./, and
Pa.p. shTned'.n. brightness; splendour: fair
weather. [A.S. seinan, Ger. scheinen, Goth, skei-
nan, to shine ; Bret, skina, to scatter, skin, a ray.]
shining, shTn'ing, adj., scattering light ; bright ;
resplendent : conspicuous.n. effusion or clear-
ness of light ; brightness.
ilbinj.shln'i, adj., shining; diffusing light; bright)
splendid: unclouded.
Shingle, shing'gl, n. wood sawed or split thin, used,
like slates, for covering houses.v.t. to cover
with shingles '.Pr.p. shingling ; Pa.p. shingled.
[Ger. schindel, L. scinduusscindo, to split.]
Shingle, shing'gl, n. the coarse round gravel on tha
shores of rivers or of the sea, so called from the
jingling sound it makes when washed by the
waves. [Norw. singla, to jingle ; singl, gravel.]
shingly, shing'gli, adj., abounding with shingle.
Shingles, shingVlz, n. an eruptive disease which
often spreads round the body like a belt. [L.
cingulum, a belt or girdlectngo, to gird.]
Shiny. See under Shine.
Ship, ship, n. lit. anything scooped or dug out, for
conveying passengers or goods by water ; a vessel
having three masts, with tops and yards to each ;
generally, any large vessel.v.t. to put on board
a ship : to engage for service on board a ship :
to receive on board ship : to fix in its place.
v.i. to engage for service on shipboard :
Pr.p. shipping; Pa.p. shipped'.n. shipper.
A sbip-of-the-line, a war-ship of 74 guns or more.
 shipboard Short
[AS. set/; Goth., Ice. skip; old Ger. ski/; L. Shoar, shOr, a prop, same as Shore, a prop.
scapha ; Gr. skapheskaptS, to dig, to scoop.] Shock, shok, . a violent s/take ; a sudden dashing
shipboard, ship'bOrd, n. the board or deck of a of one thing against another: violent onset: an
skip.adv. upon or within a ship, offence.v.t. to shake by violence: to offend;
hip-broker, ship'-brok-er, n. a broker who effects to disgust : to dismay :pr.p. shocking ; Pa.p.
sales, insurances, &c. of skips. shocked', [old Ger. sckoe, shock ; Dutch, sehok,
ship-chandler, ship -chand-ler, ., a chandler or a jolt ; Fr. choc, a dashing ; Sp. choque, a thrust ;
dealer in cordage, canvas, and othershipfurniture, allied to Shake.]
shipman, ship'man, n. iu B., a man who manages hocking, shok'ing, adj., giving a shock or skakt
a skip; a sailor.;*/, ship'men. [ofa skip. frpm horror or disgust : highly offensive.adz/.
shipmaster, ship'mas-ter, n., the master or captain shockingly.
shipmate, ship mat, n. a ,v or companion in the Shock, shok, n. a heap or pile of sheaves of com.
same skip. [Ger. sckock, Dutch, schokke, a heap.]
shipment, ship'ment, n. act of putting on board Shod, shod, pad. and pa.p, of Shoe.
ship ; embarkation : that which is shipped. Shoddy, shod'di, . orig. the waste shed or thrown
ship-money, ship'-mun-i, money for providing
skips for the service of the king in time of war, off woven
in spinning wool : now applied to the wool of
fabrics reduced to the state in which it
raised atship'ing,
shipping, intervalsadj.,
in England
relating to1007164a
ships.;. ships for was before being spun and woven, and thus fit
collectively: tonnage.To take shipping, in B.t Shoe, sh3o, . re-manufacturc. [from Shed.]
to embark. shoes, shooz) a covering for the
shipwreck, ship'rek , n. the wreck or destruction of animal to keep it fromnailed
foot ; a rim of iron to the hoof of an
injury ; anything in form
a ship: destruction.v.t. to destroy on the sea ; or use like a shoe. v.t. to furnish with shoes:
to make to suffer wreck. [ships.
shipwright, ship'rlt, *. a wight who constructs toandcover Pa.p.
at the bottom \pr.p. shoeing ; pa.t.
shod. [A.S. sceo; Goth, skohs ; Ger.
ship-yard, ship -yird, n. a yard where skips are schuh.} [skoes or boots,
built or repaired. shoeblack, shUT/blak, . one who blacks and cleans
Shire, shir, . a s/tare or division of the kingdom shoe-horn, shrjo'-horn, n. a curved piece of ham or
under a sheriff; a county. (When added to metal used in putting on a shoe.
the name of a county the 1 is pronounced as in
kill.) [A.S. scir, a. divisionsciran, to divide.] Shone, shoo, /a./, of Shine.
Shirk, sherk, v.t. to avoid, get off or slink away Shook, shook, pad. of Shake.
from :pr.p. shirk'ing ; Pa.p. shirked', [a form Shoot, shoot, v.t., to dart; to let fly with force ; to
of vulgar shark, to play the thief, to shift for a discharge from a bow or gun : to strike with a
living, from Shark, the fish.] shot : to thrust forward : to send forth new parts,
Shirt, shert, n. a short, garment worn next the as a plant.v.i. to perform the act of shooting:
body by men.v.t. to cover as with a shirt : to be driven along ; to fly, as an arrow : to jut
out : to germinate : to advance :pr.p. sho7Jr*ing ;
Pr.p. shirt/ing ; Pa.p. shirt'ed. [Dan. skiorte, pn.t.
Ice. skirta, a shirt; A.S. sceort, old Ger. scurx, youngand Pa.p. shot.n. act of shooting: a
branch.n. ahoot'er. [A.S. sceotan, lee.
L. curtus, short. See Short.] skiota, Dutch, sckieten, Ger. sckiessen, to dart]
hlrtlng, shert'ing, . clothfor shirts. shooting, shGDt'ing, n. act of discharging firearms
Shirt, &c. See Schist.
Bhlttah, shita, Bhittim, shttlm, n. a precious wood practice of killing game, of a quick pain : act, or
or an arrow : sensation
used in the construction of the Jewish Tabernacle
and its furniture, supposed to be a species of shot, shot, ., act of shooting 1 a marksman: a
missile: flight of a missile or the distance passed
Acacia. [Heb. shittak, pi. shittim.] by it : small globules of lead.v.t. to load with
Shiver, sluVer, n. a splinter, or small piece into shot:Pr.p. shott'ing ; pa.p. shotted.
which a thing breaks by sudden violence.v.t. Shop, shop, n. orig.
to shatter.v.i. to fall into shivers :Pr.p. goods are sold bya retail stall; a building in which
shiv'ering ; /a./, shivered. [Ger. sckiefert old chanics work.v.i. to visit: shops a place where me
for the purpose
Dutch, a splinter ; Dutch, sckeve, a fragment, of buying '.pr.p. shopp'ing ; Pa.p.
scheven, to break into parts ; Ger. sckeibe, Dan. [A.S. sceoppa, a treasury, scy/en,old Fr. shopped'. eschoppe,
skive, Ice. ski/a, a sliceski/a, to split.] a stall ; Ger. sckoppen, a shed.]
shivery, shiv'er-i, adj. easily falling into skivers shop-lifting, shop'-lift-ing, n.t liftingor stealing any
orfragments ; cohering loosely. thing from a skop.n. shop -lifter,
Shiver, shiv'er, v.i., to shake or tremble; to shud shop-walker, shop'-wawk-er, n. one who walks in a
der.v.t. to cause to shake in the wind, as sails : skop and sees the customers attended to.
/r./.shiv,ering;/fl./.shiv/ered. [Ger. sckauern, Shore, sh6r, *. lit. the dividing line between the
to tremble ; old Dutch, schoevtren, to shake.] water and the land ; the coast or land adjacent
Shoal, shol, ., a great multitude of fishes swim to the sea, a river, or lake. [AS. scoresciran,
ming together.v.i. to crowd :pr.p. shoal to shear, to divide. ]
ing ; Pa.p. shoaled'. [A.S. scolu, a company; shoreless, shOrles, adj., having no shore or coast:
Dutch, school, a crowd ; old Ger. schuole, a of indefinite or unlimited extent.
gatheringsckolen, to meet,]
Shoal, shol, n., a shallow or skelf; a place where building, &c,v.t. to support
Shore. shOr, ., a Prop or for the side of a
the water of a river, sea, or lake is not deep; a pa.p. snored'.n. shor'er. [old:prj. prop shoring;
sand-bank.v.i. to grow shallow ; to come upon Bret, skor, Ice. skorda, a prop.]Ger. sckore, W,,
shallows \pr.p. shoaling ; pa.p. shoaled'.adj. Shorn, shorn, Pa.p. of Shear.
shallow, [from root of Shelf and Shallow.]
shoaly, shOKi, adj.,full of skoals or shallows ; not Short, short, adj. [comp. shorter, super/. short'eft\
deep.n. shoal'lneas. not long in time or space ; near at hand : scanty;
fate, far ; me, her ; mine ; mote ; mate ; nOQa ; Men.
 shortcoming Shrove-tide
insufficient : narrow : abrupt : brittle.adv. not showy, shOl, adj., making a show ; cutting a dash ;
long.n. shortness. [A.S. sceort, Ger. kurtz, ostentatious ; gay.adv ehow'Uy.. show'uiess.
L. curtus. See Cart.] In short, in a few words, Shower, show'cr, n. a fall of rain or hail, of short
shortcoming, shortTcum-ing, act of coming or duration : a copious and rapid fall.v.t. to wet
falling short of produce or result; neglect of with rain ; to bestow liberally.v.i. to rain in
or failure short'-dat-ed,
in duty, showers:pr.p. show'cring ; pa.p. showered.
short-dated, adj. having short or little [A.S. scur; Ger. schauer; old Ger. skur.)
I time to run from its date, as a bilL showery, show'er-i, adj., abounding with showers.
shorten, shorr/n, v.t., to make short ; to deprive : Showily, Showuiess, Showy. See under Show.
to make friable.v.i. to become short or shorter :
to contract :Pr.p. short/cning; Pa.p. shortened, Shrank,shred, pa.t. of Shrink.
abort-hind, short'-hand, n. a short mode of writing Shred, n. a long, narrow piece cut or torn
in which symbols are used in order to increase shreds strip
off; a or fragment.v.t. to cut or tear into
:pr.p. shredd ing ; pa.t. andpa.p. shred .
the speed of the hand. [tor a short time, [A.S. screade; Ger. schrot; Scot, screed, Gael.
abort-lived, short'-llvd, adj., living or lasting only sgraid: from the sound.]
shortly, short'U, adv. in a short time ; in a brief Shrew, shrOO, n. a brawling, troublesome woman ;
manner ; quickly ; soon, a scold, [prob. from low Ger. schrauen, Dutch,
short-sighted, short'-sTt-ed, adj. having sight ex schreeuwen, Ger. schrtien, to brawL]
tending but a short distance ; unable to see far:
nfw*ak intellect: heedless.n. short'-sightedness. shrewd, shrOOd, adj., lit. having the nature ofa
shrrw: (obs.) malicious,
shorr/-wind-cd, adj., affected with shewing an acute judgment.adv. wicked: acute: cunning:
s ofwind or breath, ihrewd'ly.
Shot, pa.t. and pa.p, ot~ n. shrewd'uess.
Shot, n. See under shrewish, shrOTlsh, adj., having the qualities ofa
Should, shood, Pa.t. of shrew; peevish and troublesome; clamorous.
adv. ahrew'lshly.n. shrewishness.
Shoulder, shoTder, n. lit. that which shields or pro Shrew-mouse, shrOo'-mous, n. a harmless little ani
tects; the joint which connects the human arm
or the fore-leg of a quadruped with the body : mal hkc the mouse, which burrows in the ground.
[A.S. scrtawa, and Mouse, prob. from its cry.]
the flesh and muscles about the shoulder ; the Shriek, shrik, n. the shrill outcry caused by terror
upper joint of the fore-leg of an animal cut for or anguish.v.i.
market : a prominence : rig. that which sustains. pr.p. shriek'ing to; pa.p. utter a shriek; to scream:
v.t, to push with the shoulder or violently ; to sound : akin to Screech.] shrieked', [from the
take upon the shoulder :pr.p. shoul'dering;
pa.p. shoul'derecL [A.S. semder; Ger. schulter; Shrievalty, same as Sheriffalty.
old Ger. sculdra ; Ice. skioldr, a shieldskyla, Shrike, shrlk, n. a bird which preys on insects and
to cover, defend : or from its jA?tW-shapc, com small birds, impaling its prey on thorns, hence
pare L. scapula, a shoulder-blade spatula called the Butcher Bird. (prob. from Shriek, be
spatha, a spade.] cause of its power of imitating cries of distress.]
shoulder-bolt, shofdcr-belt, n. a belt that passes Shrill, shrit, adj. piercing; sharp; uttering an
across the shoulder. acute sound.adv. shriny, n. shrlll'uem. [W.
shoulder-blade, shOl'der-blAd, n. the broad, flat, grill; Scot, skirl, a shrill cry : from the sound.]
hlade-likc bone of the shoulder. Shrimp, shrimp, n. a small shell-fish, about two
boulder-knot, shOl'der-not, n. a knot worn as an inches long, much esteemed as food. [prov. E.
ornament oft the shoulder. shrimp, anything very small ; Dutch, krimpen,
Shout, shout, n. a loud and sudden outcry of joy, Xh diminish; A.S. scrymman, to wither; Ger.
triumph, or courage. v.i. to utter a shout.v.t. schrumpfen, to shrivel.J
to utter with a shout ; to cry '.pr.p. shour/ing ; Shrine, shrTn, n. lit. a chest for written papers:
pa.p. shout'ed.n. shout'er. [from the sound.] a place in which sacred things are deposited; a
Shove, shuv, v.t. to drive along; to push before sacred place: an altar.v.t. to enshrine :Pr.p.
one.v.i. to push forward; to push off:/r./. shrTn'ing;/a./.shrlned'. [A.S.serin; Ger.schrein;
shoving; A-/- shoved'.n. act of shoving; a old Fr. escrin; L. scriniumscribo, to write.]
push. [A.S. sceofan; 1 Hitch, schwven; Ger. Shrink, shringk, v.i., to contract ; to wither; to
schieben; Ice. skufa.) occupy less space : to become wrinkled by con
hovel, shuvl, n. an instrument with a broad traction : to recoil, as from fear, disgust, &cv.t.
blade, and a handle for shoving&ntl lifting.v.t. to cause to shrink or contract :pr.p. shrinking ;
to lift up and throw with a shovel ; to gather in Pa.t. and pa.p. shrunk.n. act of shrinking;
large quantities.v.i. to use a shovel contraction: withdrawal or recoil. [A.S. serin'
shovelling ; pa p. shovelled. can ; Sw. skrynka ; old Dutch, schrincken.\
Show, sho, v.t. to present to view: to enable to Shrivel, shrivX v.i. and /. to contract into wrinkles:
perceive or know ; to inform ; to teach : to guide : pr.p. shrivelling ; pa.p. shrivelled, [prov. E.
to prove ; to explain : to bestow.v.i. to appear ; xhravel, dry faggot wood, conn, with old E. riv*lt
to look:Pr.p. shOw'ing ; pa.t. showed'; pa.p. to wrinkle, akin to Ice. skrifl, a thing torn.]
shown, or showed'.n. act of showing ; display : Shroud, shroud, n. lit. clothing; the dress of the
a si^ht or spectacle : parade : appearance : dead: that which clothes or covers: in pi., a
plausibility; pretence.n. shower. [A.S. scea- set of ropes from the mast-heads to a ship's sides
wiun ; Dutch, schouiven ; Ger. schauen ; Goth. to support the masts.v.t. to enclose in u shroud :
tcavjan : probably allied to Bee.] to cover; to hide; to shelter or defend .pr.p,
show-bill, shO'-bil, n. a bill for showing or adver shrouding; pa.p. shroud'ed. [A.S. scrud; Ice.
tising the price, merits, &c. of goods, skrud, clothing, skryda, to clothe.]
showbread. shO'bred, n. among the Jews, the Shrove tide. shrOv'-tid, Shrove-Tuesday, shrOv-tQz'dfi,
twelve loaves of bread shown or presented be n, the time, or the Tuesday on which confession
fore the Lord in the sanctuary.
iate, fir ; m, her ; mine ; mOte ; mute ; mOon ; then.
467
 Shrub
was formerly made ; the day before the first day
of Lent, [old E. shrove, pa.L of shrive, A.S.
scrifan, Ice. skrifta, to confess, prob. from L.
scribo, to write, the idea being to trace out a line
or track for the future, and Tide, Tuesday.]
Shrub, shrub, n. a low, dwarf tree ; a woody plant
with several stems from the same root. [A.S.
scrob ; prov. Dan. skrub, bush.J
shrubbery, shrub'er-i, ., a collection ofshrubs.
shrubby, shrub'i, adj. full ofshrubs ; like a shrub ;
consisting of shrubs or brush.
Uhrub, shrub, . a drink or liquor of lemon-juice,
spirit, sugar, and water, [from root of Sherbet.]
Shnag, shrug, v.t. to draw up ; to contract.v.i. to
draw up the shoulders :Pr.p. shrugging ; to.p.
shrugged'.n. a drawing up of the shoulders.
[Dutch, schurken, to shrug, rub, scratch.]
Ehrnnk, pa. t. and Pa.p. of Shrink.
Shudder, shud'er, v.i. lit. to utter a broken, sound:
to tremble from fear or horror ;pr.p. shudd'-
ering; /a./, shudd'ered.n. a trembling from
fear or horror. [Dutch, sckuddem, schudtlen,
Ger. schaudem, to shudder; Swiss, schadem, to
give a cracked sound.]
Shuffle, shuf'l, v.t. lit. to shove orpush, to scuffle:
to change the positions of ; to confuse : to remove
or introduce by purposed confusion.v.i. to
change the order of cards in a pack : to shift
ground ; to evade fair questions : to move by
shoving the feet along :/r./. shuff ling ; Pa.p.
shuff'led.n. act of snuffling ; an evasion or ar
tifice.n. shuffler, [low Ger. schtifeln, from root
of Shove and Scuffle.)
Shun, shun, v.t. to avoid ; to keep clear of; to ne
glect :pr.p. shunning ; Pa.p. shunned'. [A.S.
scunian; akin to Dutch, schuinen, to slope.]
hunt, shunt, v.t. prov. to shun, to shove; to tum
off upon a side-rail :Pr.p. shunt'ing : pa.p.
shunt ed.n. a short side-rail for allowing the
main-line to be kept free.
Shut, shut, v.t, lit. to ward off; to close, as a
door : to forbid entrance into : to contract or
close.v.i. to close itself:/**./, shutt'ing ;
andpa.p. shut. [A.S. scittan ; low Ger. schutten;
Dutch, schutten, to ward off, shut up.]
shutter, shut'er, n., one who or that which shuts;
a close cover for a window or aperture.
Shuttle, shut'l, m. an instrument used for shooting
the thread of the woof between the threads of
the warp in weaving. [A.S. sceathelsceotan,
to shoot ; Dan. and Sw. skyttet; Ice. skutul.}
ehuttiecock, shutl-kok, n. a cork stuck with feathers,
like a cock, shot or struck with a battledore.
Bhy, shT, adj., shunning; timid: reserved: cau
tious : suspicious.v.i. to start aside, as a horse
from fearspr.p. shying ; pad. and pa.p. shTcd'.
adv. shylyn. eh/nees. [Ger. scheu, Dan.
sky; Ger. scheuen, Sw. sky, to shun.]
Sibilant, sib'i-lant, adj. making a kissing sound.
n a sibilant letter. [L. sibilo, to hiss.]
libuation, sib-i-la'shun, n. a hissing sound.
Sibyl, sib'il, n. lit she that tells the will ofZens or
Jupiter ; a pagan prophetess. [L. ; Gr. sibylla
Dtosy Doric Sios, genitive of Zeus, and bouli,
Doric bolla, counsel.]
sibylline, sib'il-Tn, adj., pertaining to, uttered, or
written by sibyls : prophetical.
Sick, sik, adj. affected with disease ; ill : inclined
to vomit: disgusted; used by the sick.n. sick'-
fate, far ; me*, her ; mine ;
4tt
Sight
nea, //. in B., sicknesses, diseases. [A. S. Hoc ;
Ger. siech; Goth, sinks.]
sicken, sik'n, v.t., to make sick: to disgust.v.t. to
become sick : to be disgusted : to become dis
gusting or tedious: to become weak :/r./.
sickening ; /*./. sick'ened.
ickiih, sikish, adj., somewhat sick.adv. slck'-
lshly.n. slck'lshneu.
sickly, sik li, adj., inclined to sickness; unhealthy ;
somewhat sick: weak; languid: producing dis
ease.. sickliness.
Sickle, sik'l, ft. a hooked instrument for cutting
grain. [A.S. sicel; Ger. sichel; low Ger. sekel,
L. seculaseco, to cut]
Side, sTd, n. the edge or border of anything : the
surface of a solid : a part of a thing as seen by
the eye : region ; part : the part of an animal be
tween the hip and shoulder : any party, interest,
or opinion opposed to another ; faction : line of
descent.adj. being on or toward the side ;
lateral : indirect.v.i. to embrace the opinion or
cause of one party against another '.pr.p. sid
ing; Pa.p. sld'cd. [A.S. ; Ice. sida; Ger. seize.]
side-arms, sld'-arms, n.pl.t arms or weapons worn
on the side.
sideboard, sld'bOrd, n. a piece of furniture on one
side of a dining-room for holding dishes, &c.
[Side, and Board.]
side-box, sTdi'-boks, . a box or seat at the side of a
theatre.
sided, sided, adj., having a side.
sideling, sld'Ung, adj., inclining to a side; sloping
sidelong, sld'long, adj., along the side; not straight.
adv. in the direction of the side ; obliquely:
on the side.
side-saddle, sld'-sad-l, n. a saddle for sitting side-
ways on horseback, used by women.
sideways, sld wiz, sldewise, sld wiz, adv., toward or
on one side ; inclining; laterally.
siding, sTd'ing, n. a short rail at the side of the main,
line for the purpose of traffic or shunting.
Sidereal, sl-de're-al, adj., relating to a star or
stars; starry: in astr., measured by the appar
ent motion ofthe stars. [L. sidus, sideris, a star.]
Siege, sej, n. orig. a seat ; a sitting down with an
army round or before a fortified place to take
it by force ; a continued endeavour to gain pos
session. [Fr. ; It. seggio, sedio, seat, eusedic,
siegeL. sedes, a seatsedeo, to sit.J
Sienna, si-en'a, n. a fine orange-red pigment used
in painting, [from Sienna in Italy.]
Sieve, siv, n. a vessel with a bottom of woven hair
or wire, orig. of rushes, to separate the fine
part of anything from the coarse. [A.S. si/e;
low Ger. seve; Ger. sieb; prob. from Ice. sif
Dan. siv, a rush.]
sift, sift, v.t. to separate with or as with a sieve:
to examine closely :/r./. sift'ing ; pa.p. sifted.
n. slft'er.
Sigh, sT, v.i. to inhale and respire with a long, deep,
and audible breathing, as in grief: to sound like
sighing.v.t. to express by sighs ;pr.p. sigh'-
ing ; Pa.p. sTghed'.n. a long, deep, audible re
spiration. [A.S. sican; low Ger. suchten; Scot
souch, to breathe hard in sleep : from the sound]
Sight, sit, ., act of seeing; view: faculty of see
ing: that which is seen; a spectacle: view:
space within vision : examination : a small open
ing for looking through at objects ; a piece of
metal on a gun to guide the eye in taking
aim.v.t. to catch sight of:Pr.p. sighting;
mOte ; mate j mOBo ; Men.
 sighted
pa.p. sighted. [A.S. gesiht ; old Ger. sihl; Ger.
sickly from root of Bee.]
lighted, sit ed, adj., having sight.
sightless, sides, adj., wanting sight; blind.adv.
sightlessly. //, tight leranesa.
sightly, sit'li, adj. , pleasing to the sight or eye ;
comely.n. sight lines*.
Sign, sin, mark, token; proof; that by which
a thing is known or represented : a word, ges
ture, or mark, intended to signify something
else : a remarkable event; an omen ; a miracle ;
a memorial ; something set up as a notice in a
public place: in math., a mark shewing the
relation of quantities or an operation to be per
formed : in med.t a symptom: in astr., one of
the twelve parts of the zodiac.v.t. to represent
or make known by a sign: to attach a signature
to 'pr.p. signing ; pa.p. signed'. [Fr. signe;
L. signum.]
signal, sig'nal, n.t a sign for giving notice, gene
rally at a distance ; token : the notice given.
v.t. and i. to make signals to ; to convey by sig
nals :pr.P. sig'nalling ; Pa.p. signalled.adj.
having a sign; remarkable; notable; eminent.
adv. dgWly. [Fr.]
edgnalise, sig'nal-Tz, v. t.,to make signal, or eminent:
to signal \~Pr.p. sig'nallsing ; pa.p. sig'nallsed.
signature, signa-tur, n.,a sign or mark: the name
ofa person written by himself: in music, the flats
and sharps after the clef to shew the key. [Fr. ;
low L. stgnatura. \
signboard, sln'-bOrd, ft., a boardwith a sign telling
a man's occupation or articles for sale.
signet, sig'net, n. Lit. a mark; the privy-seal: in
B., a seal.
signify, signi-fT, v.t., to make known by a sign or
by words : to mean ; to indicate or declare : to
have consequence: Pr.p. sig'nifying ; pa.p.
sig'nifTcd [L. significo, -atumsignum, and
facto, to make.]
significant, sig-nif 1-kant, adj., signifying ; expres
sive of something ; standing as a signadv.
significantly.
significance, sig-nif'i-lcans, n., that which is signi-
fied ; meaning: importance; moment.
signification, sig-ni-fi-kashun, n., act ofsignifying:
that which is signified ; meaning.
significative, sig-nif'i-kat-iv, adj., signifying; de
noting by a sign : having meaning ; expressive.
sign-manual, sin-man'u-al, n. lit. a sign made by
one's own hand; the royal signature. [Sign,
and Manual.]
sign-post, sln'-pOst, n. a Post on which a sign is
hung : a direction-post.
Blgnior, Blgnor, scn'yur, n. an Italian word ofaddress
equivalent to Sir, Mr. [It. signort. See Seignior.]
Elgnora, seii-ycVra, n. feminine of Signer.
Silent, silent, adj., cairn ; quiet; free from noise :
not speaking ; habitually taciturn : still : not
pronounced.adv. silently. [L. silens, -entis,
pr.p, of sileo, to be silent.]
Hence, si lens, n., state ofbeing silent; absence of
sound, or speech ; muteness ; cessation of agita
tion : calmness: oblivion.v.t., to cause to be
silent; to still; to stop; to put to rest :;Pr.p.
sflcncing ; Pa.p. silenced.tnt. be silent.
Bllex, slicks, silica, as found in nature, occur
ring as flint, quartz, rock-crystal, &c. [L. silex,
silicit, flint.]
silica, sil'i-ka, n. pure silex or flint, the most
abundant solid constituent of our globe.
fate, far; me, her; mine;
Slmlous
sUleious, si-lish'us, adj., pertaining to, containing,
or resembling silex or flint.
Silhouette, sil'oo-et, n. a shadow-outline of the
human figure or profile rilled in of a dark colour,
[from Silhouette, a French minister of finance in
1759, after whom everything cheap was named,
from his excessive economy in financial matters.]
Bilk, silk, n. the delicate, soft thread produced by
certain caterpillars ; thread or cloth woven from
it.adj. pertaining to or consisting of silk.
[A.S. seolc, L. sertcum, Gr. sirikonsir, the
seric or silkworm, from Sires, the ancient
Chinese, from whom silk was first obtained.]
silken, silk'n, adj., made of silk ; dressed in silk,;
resembling silk ; soft ; delicate.
silk-mercer, silk'-mer-ser, n., a mercer or dealer in
silks.
silk-weaver, silk'-wiv-er, Ft. , a weaver ofsilk stuffs.
silkworm, silk'wunn, t/ut worm or caterpillar
which produces silk.
silky, silk'i, adj., likesilk in texture; soft ; smooth ;
glossy.n. Uh/iness.
Bill, sil, ., the sole orfoundation of anything ; the
timber or stone at the foot of a door or window ;
the lowest piece in a window-frame. [A.S. syl,
Gael, sail, a beam, Fr. seutl, It soglia, a thresh
old, L. solum, a foundation.] Sec Sola, Boll.
Sillabub, sit'a-bub, n. a liquor made of wine or cider
mixed with milk and sweetened, [perhaps from
slabbering it up quickly.]
Silly, sill, adj. orig. happy, blessed; simple ; harm
less : foolish ; witless : imprudent ; absurd ; stu
pid.adv. sillily.n. silliness. [A.S. and Ger.
selig, happy.]
Bllt, silt, n., that which is left by straining; sedi
ment ; the sand, &c. left by water, [prov. E.
sile, Bret, and Sw. sila, to strain.]
Silurian, si-lCO'ri-an, adj., belonging to Siluria, the
country of the Silures, the ancient inhabitants of
part of Wales and England ; applied to the
strata below the old red-sandstone found best
developed in that district.
Silvan, sil'van, adj., Pertaining to woods ; woody r
inhabiting woods. [L. silva, Gr. hyU, a wood.]
Silver, sil'ver, n. a soft white metal, capable of a
high polish ; money made of silver ; anything
having the appearance of silver.adj. made of
silver: resembling silver; white; bright; pre
cious ; gentle.v.t. to cover with silver ; to make
like silver ; to make smooth and bright ; to make
silvery :pr.p. sil'vering ; pa.p. sil'vered. [A.S.
seolfer, sylfor, Ice. sitfr, Ger. silber.]
silvering, sil'ver-ing, ., the operation of covering
with silver; the silver so used.
sllverling, sil'ver-ling, . in B., a small silver coin.
silversmith, silver-smith, a smith who works in
silver.
silvery, sil'ver-i, adj., covered with silver; resem
bling silver ; white ; clear, soft, mellow.
Similar, siml-lar, adj.,
uniform.adv. the same, like
similarly.n. ; resembling;
similarity. [!>.
similaire, It. similare, L. stmtlis, like, same.]
simile, sim'i-le, ., something similar; similitude:
in rhet., a comparison to illustrate anything.
almUltnde, si-mill-tud, the state of being simi-
lar or like ; resemblance ; comparison ; simile :
in B., a parable. [Fr. ; L. similitudo.]
Blmlons, siml-us, adj., pertaining to or resembling
an ape or monkey ; monkey-like, [from L.
simius, an apesimus, flat-nosed.]
mOtc; mate; moon; Men.
 Simmer single-hearted
mar, sim'er, v.i. to boil with a gentle, hissing past ; ago.Prep, after; from the time of.com/.
sound :pr.p. simm'ering ; Pa.p. simm'crvd. seeing that; because ; considering, [old E.rM,
[from the sound, j sith, sithence; A.S. siththan, from sith, late,
sim'on-i, . the crime of buying or selling and than, dative case of the article and pron. se,
ecclesiastical preferment, so named from Simon that, Ger. sett.]
Magus who thought to purchase the gift of the Sincere, sin-seV, adj. clean ; pure : in B., unadul
Holy Spirit with money, Acts viii. terated : being in reality what it is in appear
stmonlic, si-mO'ni-alc, n. , one guilty ofsimony. ance ; unfeigned ; frank ; honest : true.adv.
tlmon.ia.cal, sim-o-nfak-al, adj. , pertaining to, sincerely. [Fr. ; L. sincerus, clean, generally-
guilty of, or involving simony. derived from sine, without, and cera, wax:
Simoom, si-mooW, Simoon, si-mG0n', a hot, root better from sin, a form of Gr. hen, one, and the
Poisonous wind which blows in Arabia and the sincerity, ofGr. herad, to mix. See Simple, Single.]
adjacent countries from the interior deserts. sincere;sin-ser'i-ti, n., state or quality of being
[As. samum, from samma, hot, poisonous,] honestyofmind ; freedom from pretence.
Simper, simper, v.i. to smile in a silly affected Sinciput, sin'si-put, n., half a head; the fore-part
manner:Pr.p. sim'pering; pa.p. sim'pered.n. of the head from the forehead to the vertex. [I*,
a silly or affected smile, [prob. from the sound; from semi, half, and caput, the head.]
r to Simmer] Sine, sin, . a straight line drawn from one ex
j sim'pl, adj. lit. one fld; single ; undi tremity of an arc perpendicular to the diameter
vided ; resisting decomposition ; elementary ; passing through the other extremity. [Fr., from
homogeneous: open; unaffected; undesigning ; L. sinus, a curve.]
true : clear ; straightforward : artless : guileless ; Sinecure, st'ne-kur, n. an ecclesiastical benefice
unsuspecting ; credulous : not cunning ; weak in without the cure or care of souls ; an office with
intellect ; silly.n, something not mixed or
compounded. [Fr. ; L. simplex, from sin, a salary but without work. [L. sine, without, and
cum, care.]
form of hen, one, and plica, a fold.] sinecuriet, sl'ne-kur-ist, n., one who holds a sinecure.
tlmplencsa. sim'pl-nes, n., tfie state or quality of Sinew, sin'fl, n. lit. that which binds; that which
being simple ; artlessness ; simplicity ; folly, joins a muscle to a bone, a tendon : muscle,
simpleton, sLm'pl-tun, a simpleperron ; a weak nerve ; that which supplies vigour.v.t. to bind
or foolish person, as by sinews; to strengthen :pr.p. sin'ewing;
ilmpllclty, sim-plis'i-ti, the state or quality of Pa.p. sin'ewed. [A.S. sinu, Ger. sehne. Ice. sin,
being simple ; singleness ; want of complication : probably connected with Sans, si, to bind.]
openness ; clearness : freedom from excessive sinewy, sin'u-i, adj.,furnished with sinews; con
adornment ; plainness : sincerity ; artlessness ; sisting of, belonging to, or resembling sinews ;
credulity: silliness, folly. [L. stmplicitas.] strong; vigorous.
simplify, sim'pli-fI, v.t., to make simple; to render Sinful,
less difficult ; to make plain '.pr.p. sim'plifying ; &c. See under Sin.
Pa.p. sim'plificd., simplification. [L. sim Sing, sing, v.t. to utter melodious sounds; to
plex, simple, zndfacio, to make.] make a small, shrill sound ; to relate in verse.
simply, sim'pli, adv., in a simple manner; artlessly : v.t. to utter musically ; to chant ; to celebrate or
foolishly ; weakly : plainly; considered by itself: relate in verse ;pr.p. sing ing; pa.t. sung or
alone ; merely ; solely. sang; Pa.p. sung. [A.S. singan, Ger. singen,
Simulate, sim'Q-lat, v.t., to make similar or like; toGoth, siggvan, Gael, seiun, to sing, Ice. sangra,
to imitate ; to counterfeit ; to pretend ; to assume themurmur.sound.]
Sans, finj, to tinkle : probably from
the appearance of without the reality ipr.p. singer, sing'fcr, n., one who sings; one whose occu
simulating ; pa.p. sim ulated. [L. simulo, simu- pation is to sing.
latum, from similis, like.]
simulation, sim-u-la'shun, n., the act ofsimulating dinging, sing'ing, ., the act or art ofsinging.
singing-master, sing'ing-mas-ter, ., a master who
or putting on what is not true, teaches singing.
simulator, sim'G-lat-or, n., one who simulates.
simultaneous, sim-ul-tfm'c-us, adj. acting, existing, sing-song, sing-song, ., bad singing; drawling.
or happening at the same time.adv. eim.ultan'e-
ously. ^ [low L. simultaneus^ from simul, at the Singe, sinj, v.t. to burn on the surface; to scorch:
-^r.p. singeing ; pa.p. singed'.n. a burning
same time, akin to similis, like.] of the surface ; a slight bum. [A. S. sangan,
Bin, sin, n. wilful violation of law ; neglect of duty ; Ger. sengen ; from Sing, from the singing noise
neglect of the laws of morality and religion ; produced by scorching.] "
wickedness; iniquity.v.t. to commit sin; to Single, sing'gl, adj., consisting of one only; indi
violate or neglect the laws of morality or reli
gion ; to do wrong ;~-pr.p. sinn'ing ;Pa.p. sinned'. vidual ; separate ; alone : unmarried ; not com
bined with others; unmixed: having one only
[A.S. syn. Ice. and Dan. synd, Ger. s&nde, prob. on each side : straightforward ; sincere ; simple ;
allied to L. sons, sontis, hurtful, guilty.]
sinful, sin'fool, adj., full of or tainted with sin; pure. v.t. to separate; to choose one from
others; to select from a number:pr.p. sine'-
iniquitous ; wicked ; depraved ; criminal ; un ling ; Pa.p. singled. [L. singulus, one to each,
holy.adv. sin fully.n. rln'fnlTioee separate, akin to semel, once, from root sin, one,
sinless, sin'les, adj., without sin ; innocent ; pure ; as in Simple, Sincere.]
perfect.adv. sinleesly.n. smlessns. singleness, sing'gl-nes, n., state of being single or
sinner, sin'er, *., one who sins; an offender or alone ; freedom from deceit ; sincerity ; simplicity.
criminal : in theol., an unregenerate person,
sin-offering, sin'-of-er-ing, n., an offering for or alone; by one's self: one
singly, sing'gli, adz:, by one; particularly;
honestly; sincerely.
sacrifice in expiation of sin. single-hearted, sing'gl-hart-ed, adj., having a single
Since, sins, adv. lit after that; from the time that ; or sincere heart ; without duplicity.
Cite, far; me, her; mine; mote ; mute ; mOOn ; Men,
 single-minded
togla-udndfld, sing'gl-mlnd-ed, adj., havinga single
or sincere mind ; upright.
lngle-stlck, sing'gl-stik, . a single stick or cudgel
used in fighting ; a fightorgame with single-sticks.
mgular, sing'gu-Tar, adj. lit, single; alone : in gram.,
denoting one person or thing : single ; not com
plex or compound ; standing atone : rare ; un
usual ; uncommon ; extraordinary ; strange ; odd :
in B., particular. [L. singularis.]
singularity, sing-gfi-lar/i-ti, n., the state of being
singular; peculiarity; anything curious or re
markable ; particular privilege or distinction.
singularly, singgu-lar-li, adv., in a singular man
ner; peculiarly; strangely: so as to express one
or the singular number.
Single-tree, sing'gl-tre, n. the same as Swingle-tree.
Sinister, sin'is-ter, adj., left ; on the left hand ; evil ;
unfair; dishonest: unlucky; inauspicious. [L.]
sinistral, sin'is-tral, adj., belonging or inclining
to the left ; reversed.adv. sla'istrally.
ednlitrotut, sin'is-trus, adj., on the left side; wrong;
absurd ; perverse.adv. sln'lstrously.
Sink, singk, v.i., tofall to the bottom ; to fall down ;
to descend lower ; to fall gradually : to fall below
the surface : to enter deeply ; to be impressed ;
to be overwhelmed : to decay : to become less.
V.t. to cause to sink ; to put under water : to keep
out of sight ; to suppress ; to degrade ; to cause
to decline or fall ; to plunge into destruction : to
make by digging or delving ; to pay absolutely ;
to lower in value or amount ; to lessen :pr.p.
sink'ing; fa,t. sunk and sank; pa.p. sunk.n.
sinker. [A.S. sencan, from sine, anything de
posited, Ger. sinken, Goth, siggyuan, Ice. sdkkva,
to fall to the bottom.]
Sinless, Sinner, &c. See under Sin.
Sinuate, Sinuous. Sec under Sinm.
Binus, sl'nus, ., a bending; a fold: an opening;
a bay of the sea ; a recess in the shore : in anat.,
a cavity wider at the bottom than at the entrance ;
a venous canal : in med., a cavity containing pus.
[L. sinus, a bending, a curve.}
sinuate, sin'u-at, adj., curved: in bot., with a waved
margin.v.t, to bend in and out :Pr.P. sin'O-
iiting ; pa.p. sin dated.*. slnua'tlon. [L. sinu-
atus, pa.p. of sinuo, to bend.}
eanuooj, sin'G-us, sinoose, sin-u-oV, adj., bending in
and out ; winding : undulating.adv. sia actualy.
[L. stnuosussinus.]
sinuosity, sin-u-os'i-ti, n., quality ofbeing sinuous ;
a bend or series of bends and turns.
Sip, sip, v.t., to sup or drink in small quantities; to
draw into the mouth ; to taste : to drink out of.
v.i. to drink in small quantities; to drink by
the lips:Pr.p, sipp'ing; pa.p. sipped'. n. the
taking of a liquor with the lips ; a small draught
taken with the lips. [A.S. sipan, dim. of Sap.]
Siphon, mTuii, n. lit. a hollow body, as a reed, &c;
a bent tube for drawing off liquids from one vessel
into another. [Fr.Gr. siphdn, something hol
low, as a reedsiphlos, hollow.]
Sir, ser, n. lit. senior or elder; a word of respect
used in addressing a man : the title of a knight
or baronet, {old Fr. sire, for sieur, L. senior,
an elder, comp. of senex, old.]
Ire, sir, n. lit. a senior or father ; one in the place
of a father, as a sovereign : the male parent of
a beast, esp. of a horse.v.t. to beget, used of
animals :Pr.p. siring ; Pa.p. sired', lold Fr.
sire.}
Siren, sl'ren, . lit an entangler ; in myth,, one
Cite, far ; mi, her ; mine;
sixthly
of certain fabulous nymphs in S. Italy who
enticed mariners to destruction by sweet music:
a fascinating woman : any one insidious and
deceptive : an eel-like, amphibious animal, with
only one pair of feet.adj. pertaining to or like
a siren ; fascinating. [L. siren, Gr. seirfn, lit.
entangling, bindingseira, a cord, a band.]
Sirloin, ser'loin (more correctly Sarloln), n.,the loin
of beef, [old E. surloin, Fr. surlongesurt L.
super, up, and Loin. ]
Slrname, ser'nam, n. a corruption of Surname.
Sirocco, si-rok'o, n. a hot, oppressive wind from the
south-east in S. Italy and adjoining parts. [It.
siricco, Sp. siroco, Ar. schoruqscharq, the east.]
Sirrah, ser'a, n. sir, used in anger or contempt, [old
E. sirrkasir, ha; or from Ir., sirreacn, poor.]
Sirup, siKup, n. lit. a drink, a beverage; a solu
tion of sugar in water, simple, flavoured, or medi
cated. I Fr. sirop, low L. sirupus, Ar. sharah
shariba, to drink. See Sherbet.]
Biskin, siskin, n. a migratory song-bird, resembling
the green canary. [Dan. sisgen, Sw. sisha.]
Sister, sis'ter, n. a female born of the same parents ;
a female closely allied to or associated with
another, [old E. sutler, A.S. sweoster, Ger.
schivester, L. sorer, Sans, svasri]sister-in-law,
a husband's or wife's sister.
sisterhood, sis'ter-hood, n. orig. state of being a
sister, the duty of a sister: a society of females.
sisterlike, sis'ter-llk, sisterly, sis'ter-li, adj., like or
becoming a sister; kind ; affectionate.
Bit, sit, v.i. to rest on the haunches ; to perch, as
birds : to rest ; to remain : to brood : to occupy
a seat, esp. officially; to be officially engaged:
to blow from a certain direction, as the wind.
v. t. to keep the seat upon : to seat -Pr.P,
sitting; ya.t. and Pa.p. sat.n. sitter. [A.S.
sittan, L. sedeo, Gr. hezomairoot bed, Sans.
sad.)sit out, to sit during.sit up, to rise from
a lying to a sitting position.
sitting, sit ing, n. state of resting on a seat : a seat :
tKe act or time of resting in a posture for a painter
to take a likeness : an official meeting to transact
business : uninterrupted application to anything
for a time : the time during which one continues
at anything : a resting on eggs for hatching.
Site, sit, n. the place where anything is set down
or fixed ; situation ; a place chosen for any parti
cularpurpose. [L. situssino, siturn, tosetdown.]
situate, sit u-at, situated, sir'u-at-ed, adj., set or
permanently fixed: placed with respect to other
objects ; residing, [low L. situatusL. situo,
to placesitus, a site, situation.]
situation, sit-u-a'shun, n., the place where any
thing is situated ; position : temporary state ;
condition : office ; employment.
filth, sith, adv. in B., Since.
Six, siks, adj. or n, five and one ; a figure denot
ing six units (6, or vi.). [A.S. six, sex, Gael, se,
L- sex, Gr. hex. Sans, sftash, svaksk.] [times.
sixfold, siks'fdld, adj., folded or multiplied six
sixpence, siks'pens, n. a silver coin = sixpence,
sixteen, siks'tcn, adj. or n., six and ten.
sixteenth, siks'tenth, adj. or n., the sixth after tke
tenth.
sixth, siksth, adj. or n., the last of six; the ordi
nal of six.n. the sixth part : in music, an
interval of four tones and a semitone, or six
intervals. [A.S. sixta.]
sixthly, siksthli, adv., in the sixth place.
 sixtieth
sixtieth, siks'ti-eth, adj. or n., the sixth tenth; the
ordinal of sixty. [A.S. sixteogeotha.}
sixty, siks'ti, adj. or*., six times ten* [A.S. sixtig.]
Sizar. See under Size.
Site, sir, n. orig. a f or fixed quantity ; extent
of volume or surface; magnitude.v./. to ar
range according to sire :/"./ slx'ing ; Pa.p.
sized', [contr. of Assize.]
sizar, slz'ar, n. in Univ. of Cambridge, orig. one
who served out the sizes or rations ; one of the
lowest rank of students.
Size, sTz, Sizing, slz'ing, n. lit. stiffening; a kind
of weak glue, used as varnish: any gluey sub
stance.v.t. to cover with size :/r./*.slz'ing ;
Pa.p. sized'. [W. sytk, stiffening, gluejyM.stiff.j
ley, slr/i, adj., size-like; glutinous.n. slx'lness.
Skate, skit, n. a kind of sandal or frame of wood
with a steel ridge under it for moving on ice.
v.i. to slide on skates \pr.f. skaVing; Pa.p.
skaYed.n. skater. [Dutch, schaat, high-hcclcd
shoes, skates.]
Skate, skat, n. a large flat fish belonging to the Ray
family with spikes or thorns on the back. [A. 5.
sceadda, Ice. skata, L. squatina.]
Skein, skSn, n. a knot or number of knots of thread
or yarn, [old Fr. escaigne; Gael. sgeinn.}
Skeleton, skel'e-tun, n. lit. a dried body; the bones
of an animal ; the bones of an animal separated
from the flesh and preserved in their natural
position : the framework or outline of anything.
[Gr. skeleton {sdma), a dried (body)skeletos,
driedskelld, to dry, to parch.]
skeleton-key, skcl'e-tun-kg, ., a key for picking
locks, without the inner bits and so like askeleton.
Skeptic, same as Sceptic.
Sketch, skech, something done offhand ; a first
draft of any plan or painting; an outline.v.t.
to make a rough draft of ; to draw the outline :
to give the principal points of.v.i. to practise
sketching \-~Pr.p. sketching ; Pa.p. sketched'.
[Ger, skizze, Dutch, schetsL. sckedius, sud
denly, offhand, Gr. schedios, suddenschedon,
nearechd, schiso, to have.]
sketchy, skech'i, adj. containing a sketch or outline ;
incomplete.,uiv. sketch11y.n. sketca'lness.
Skew, skQ, adj. , to one side; oblique ; intersecting a
road, river, &c. not at right angles, as a bridge.
adv. awry; obliquely. [See Aikew.]
Skewer, skii'cr, n. a pin of wood or iron for keeping
meat in form while roasting.v.t. to fasten with
skewers :Pf-P- skcVering ; Pa.p. skew'ered.
[prov. E. skiver, prob. the same as Shiver, a
splint of wood.]
Skiff, skif, n. lit. a small ship; a small light boat.
[Ger. schiff, old Ger. ski/. Sec Ship.]
Skill, skil, n. lit. separation, discrimination ;
knowledge of anything; dexterity in practice,
in B., v.i. to understand. [A.S. scylan, to dis
tinguish, Ice. skilia, to separate, discriminate,
to understand.]
skilful, skil'fool, adj., having or displaying skill;
dexterous. adv. skilfully.n. skilfalness.
skilled, skild, adj., having skill; skilful ; expert.
Skillet, skil'et, n. lit. a little dish; a small metal
vessel with a long handle, used for boiling water,
in cooking, &c. [old Fr. escuelletteL. scutella,
dim. of scutra, a dish. See Scullery.]
Skilful, &c. See under SkllL
Skim, skim, v.t., to clear of scum: to take off by
fate, far ; mi, her ; mine ;
A72
Sky
skimming : to brush the surface of lightly.v.i*.
to pass over lightly : to glide along near the sur
face \-~pr.p. slumming ; pa.p. skimmed', [a form
of Scum.]
skimmer, skim'er, n. a utensil for skimming milk.
ikim-milk, skim'-milk, n., skimmed milk; milk
from which the cream has been skimmed.
Skin, skin, n. the natural outer covering of the
body ; a hide ; the bark or rind of plants, &c
v.t. to cover with skin ; to cover the surface of :
to strip the skin from, to peeLv.i. to be covered
with a skin :Pr-P. skinn ing; Pa.p. skinned'.
n. sklnn'er. [A.S. scinn, Ice. skinn, W. cenn.]
skin-deep, skin'-dep, adj., as deep as the skin only ;
superficial.
skinflint, skin'flint, n. one who takes the smallest
gains, who would, as it were, even skin aJlint ;
a very niggardly person.
skinny, skin'i, adj., consistingofskinot ofskin only ;
wanting flesh.n. skinn'lness.
Skip, skip, v.i., to move suddenly; to leap; te>
bound lightly and joyfully; to pass over.v.t.
to leap over: to omit :pr.p. skipp'ing ; pa.p.
skipped?.n. a light leap ; a bound : the omis
sion of a part. [W. cip, a sudden effort, Gael.
sgiai, to move suddenly, Ice. skoj>a, to run ;
allied to Scamper.]
skipping-rope, skip'ing-rtp, n.t a rope used in
skipping.
Skipper, skip'er, *. lit. a shipper or sailor ; the mas
ter of a merchant-ship. [A.S. scipere, Dan.
skipper, Ger. schiffer; from Ship.]
Skirmish, sker'mish, . an irregularfight between two-
small parties; a contest.v.i. to fight slightly
or irregularly :Pr.p. skirmishing ; pa.p. skir
mished.n. skirmisher, [old . scarmish, Fr.
escarmouche [escrimer, to fence}, Ger. scharmut-
sel, from old Ger. skirm, a shield.]
Skirt, skirt, n. the part of a garment below the
waist ; a woman's garment like a petticoat ; tho
edge of any part of the dress ; border ; margin ;
extreme part.v.t. to border ; to form the edge
of.v.i. to be on the border of; to live near
the extremity of \~pr.p. skin'ing ; pa.p. skirt/cd.
[Dan. skiorte, Ice. skyrta, an under garment;
from root of Shirt]
Skittish, skit'ish, adj., shooting forward quickly;
flying about ; frisking ; easily frightened ; un
steady; hasty.adv. skltt'lshly.. ikitt lehnees.
[A.S. sceoian, scitan, to shoot, to dart.] See Shoot.
skittles, skit'lz, .//. a game in which wooden pins
are shot or knocked down with a wooden ball
Skue, ska, same as Skew.
Skulk, skulk, v.i., to hide one's self; to sneak out
of the way ; to lurk :Pf-P' skulk'ing ; Pa.p.
skulked'.n. skulk er. [Dan. skulke, to sneak,
skittle, to conceal one's self, from skittle. Ice.
skjol, cover, hiding-place.]
Skull, skul, n. lit. a shell; the bony case that en
closes the brain : the brain ; the head, [old Ger.
sciulla, Ice. kollr, the skull, Dan. and Sw. skalp
a shell.]
skull-cap, skul'-kap, n., a cap which fits closely te
the skull or head.
Skunk, skungk, n. a small N. American carnivorous
quadruped allied to the otter and weasel, which
defends itself by emitting a most offensive fluid.
[contr. from the Indian, seganku.]
Sky, ski, n. lit. a cloud ; the atmosphere which
surrounds the earth ; the heavens ; the weather.
mCte ; mute ; mCOn ; Men,
 sky-blue
[Dan., Sw., and Ice. sky, a cloud ; akin to A.S.
scua, Gr. skia, a shadow, Sans, sku, to cover.]
sky-blue, skf-blOT, adj., blue like the sky.
skyey, slctf, adj. , /i** .'/;-- sky ; ethereal.
skylark, skllirk, n. a species of lark that mounts
high towards the sky and sings on the wing.
skylarking, ski'lirk-ing, n. running about the ngging
of a ship in sport like a skylark; frolicking.
skylight, skfllt, n. a window in a roof or ceiling
towards the skyfor the admission of light.
sky-rocket, skf-rok-et, ., a rocket that ascends
high towards tke sky and burns as it flies.
sky-sail, ski'--;, I, n,, the sail above the ' royal.*
sky-scraper, skf-skriip-cr, n. lit. that which scrapes
the sky ; a sky-sail of a triangular shape.
skyward, skl'ward, adv., toward the sky.
Slab, slab, n. , a thin slip of anything, esp. of stone,
having plane surfaces ; a piece sawed from a log.
[W. yslab, llab, a thin slip ]
Slabber, slab'er, v.i., to slaver; to let the saliva
fall from the mouth; to drivel.v.t. to wet by
saliva :pr.p. slabbering; Pa.p. slabb'ered.n.
slabb'erer. [Gcr. and Dutch, slabbem, allied to
Slaver : from the sound.]
Slack, slak, adj., lax or loose; not firmly extended
or drawn out : not holding fast ; weak : not eager
or diligent ; inattentive : not violent or rapid ;
slow.adv., in a slack manner; partially; in
sufficiently.adv. illicitly.n. slackness. [AS.
sleac, Vt.yslac (Hoc, lax), Gcr. schlaff, Sw. slak,
Ice. slakr; akin to L. laxus, loose.]
slack, slak, slacken, slak'n, v.i., to become slack;
to be remiss ; to abate ; to become slower ; to fail
or flag.v.t. to make slack ; to loosen ; to loosen
from sticking ; to relax: to remit; to abate ; to
withhold : to use less liberally ; to check : in B.,
to delay :pr.p. slack'ing, slackening; Pa.p.
slacked', slack'ened.
Slag, slag, n. lit. that -which is cast off or which
flows over; the dross ofa metal ; vitrified cinders ;
the scoria; ofa volcano. [Sw. slagg, Ger. sch/acke
schlagen, to cast off, Ice. slagga, to flow over.]
alaggy, $Ug/i, adj., pertaining to or like slag.
Slake, slak, v.t., to slacken or make less active ; to
quench ; to extinguish ; to mix with water.v.i.
to go out ; to become extinct :Pr.p. slaking ;
pa.p. slaked'. [Norw. slekkja, to make slack, to
slake ; Sw. slacka. Ice. sl$kva% to slake; allied
to Black]
Slam, slam, v.t. or i. to shut with violence and noise :
Pr.p. slamming ; Pa.p. slammed'.n. the act of
slamming ; the sound so made, [from the sound.]
Slander, slan'dcr, . lit. scandal; a false or malicious
report ; defamation by words ; calumny.v.t. to
defame ; to calumniate :Pr.p. slan'dcnng ; pa.p.
slan'dered.n. slanderer. [Fr. esclandre, L.
tcandalum, Gr. skandalon. See Scandal.)
slanderous, slan'der-us, adj., given to or containing
slander; calumnious.adv. elan'deroualy.
Blanc, slang, n. low language, [from Fr. langtte,
L. lingua, tongue, language.]
Slant, slant, adj., sloping; oblique; inclined from
a direct line.n. a slope.v.t. to turn in a slop
ing direction.v.i. to slope:Pr.p. slant'ing;
pa.p. slant'ed. [Scot, sclent, to slope, W.
ysglentio, Sw. slinta, to slide.J
slantly, slant li, slantwise, slant'wlz, adv., in a slop
ing, oblique, or inclined manner.
Blap, slap, n. a blow with the hand or anything
flat.v.t. to give a slap to:pr.p. slapp'ing;
fate, far ; mi, her ; mine ;
Slaver
Pa.p. slapped'.adv. with a slap ; suddenly, vio
lently. [Gcr. schlappe : from the sound.]
Slash, slash, v.t. to cut by striking with violence
and at random ; to make long cuts. v.i. to strike
violently and at random with an edged instru
ment '.pr.p. slash'ing ; Pa.p. slashed'.. a
long cut; a cut at random; a cut in cloth to
shew colours through the openings. [Ice. slasa,
to strike : from the sound.]
Slate, slat, n. a well-known stone which splits into
thin plates ; a rock or stone of a slaty structure ;
a piece of slate for roofing, or for writing upon.
v.t. to cover with slate \~~pr.p. slat'ing ; pa.p.
slaved, [old . sclatc, Gael, sgliat, a slate,
old Fr. tsclat, Ger. schleisse, a splinter, from
schleiszen, to split.]
slate-pencil, slat'-pcn-sil, n., a pencil ofsoft slate.
slater, slaYer, n. , one who lays slates on buildings.
slating, slat'ing, ., the act ofcovering with slates;
a covering of slates ; materials for slating.
slaty, slat/i, adj., resembling slate; having the)
nature or properties of slate.
Slattern, slat'ern, n. a woman sluttish and negligent
of her dress ; an untidy woman. [Gcr. schlot-
tem, to flap, Dutch, slodderen, to hang and
flap ; Dan. slat, loose ; prob. from the flapping
sound of loose, untidy clothing ; allied to Slut.)
slatternly, slar/ern-li, adj., like a slattern; negli
gent of person; slovenly; dirty; sluttish.adv.
negligently ; untidily.
Slaty./ See under Slat*.
Slaughter, slaw'ter, n., a slaying or killing ; a great
destruction of life ; carnage; butchery.v.t. to.
slay ; to kill for the market ; to destroy by violence
(as numbers) ; to massacre :pr.p. slaughtering ;
Pa.p. slaughtered. n. slaugh'terer. [Ice. stair,
Goth, slouhts, slaughter, slahan, to strike, to
slay ; Ger. schlachten, to kill. See Slay. ]
slaughterman, slaw'ter-man, n. , a man employed in
slaughtering, killing, or butchering animals.
slaughterous, slaw'ter-us, adj., given to slaughter;
destructive ; murderous.
slaughter-house, slaw'ter-hous, n., a house when
beasts are slaughtered or killed for the market.
Slave, slav, Sclav*, sklav, n. the name of the peoples
inhabiting . Europe.adj. Slavic, [said to be
from Slav, slawa, fame, or from slowo, a word.]
Slavonic, sla-von ik, Sclavonic, skla-von'ik, Slavonian,
sla-vOn'yan, Bclevonlan, skla-vCn'yan, adj., of or
belonging to the Slaves, or their language.
slave, suv, n. orig. a Slave made captive by the
Teutons ; a captive in servitude ; any one in
bondage ; a serf: one who labours like a slave ;
a drudge : one wholly under the will of another;
one who has lost all power of resistance.v.i. to
work like a slave; to drudge:^./. slaVing;
pa.p.slaved'. [Fr. esclave, Ger. sclave, from Slave.]
slaver, sliVer, n., a skip employed in the slave-
trade: one who buys and sells slaves.
slavery, slaVer-i, n., the state of being a slave ;
serfdom : the state of being entirely under the
will of another; bondage: drudgery.
slave-trade, slaV-trad, ., the trade of buying and
selling slaves.
slave-trader, slaV-trad-er, n. , a trader in slaves.
slavish, slaVish, adj., of or belonging to slaves t
becoming slaves ; servile ; mean ; base : labori
ous.adv. slavishly.n. lav'ishnesa.
Slaver, slav'er, n., spittle or saliva running from the
mouth.v.i. to let the saliva run out of tho
mouth.v.t. to smear with saliva:pr.p. slaVer-
mote ; mate ; mGOn ; Men.
473
 Slay
siaUn, spittle.]
Slay, slS, v.t., to strike; to kill ; to put to death ;
to destroy slaying; Pad. slew (slCO) ;
pa.p. slim.n. slayer. [A.S. slean, Ice, sta,
Goth, slahan, to strike.]
Sled, sled, Sledge, slej, n. a carriage made for
sliding upon snow ; a sleigh. [Dan. slaede, Ice.
jtVo'i, old Ger. slito, Ger. schlitten, from schlit-
tem, A.S. slidan, to slide.]
Sledge, slej, . an instrument for striking; a large
heavy hammer used chiefly by ironsmiths. [ A. S.
slecge, Dan. shrgge; Ger. schlagel, a beater
schlagen, Goth, slahan, to strike. See Slay.]
Sleek., sick, adj., smooth ; glossy ; soft ; not rough.
adv. sleek ly.n, sleek new. [Ger. schlicht, Ice.
slikja, to smoothe or polish ; purh. akin to Slight, J
Sleep, slep. v.i., to be relaxed, or to take rest by
relaxation ; to become unconscious ; to slumber ;
to rest ; to be motionless or inactive : to remain
unnoticed ; to live thoughtlessly ; to be dead ;
to rest in the grave :Pr.p. sleeping ; Pa.t. and
Pa.p. slept.n. the state of one who or that which
sleeps; slumber; rest.On Bleep, in B., asleep.
[AS. sla>pan, old Ger. sla/an, Ger. schla/en,
Goth. sUPan, from old Ger. slaf, relaxed. Ice.
slapa, to hang loose.]
sleeper, slcp'cr, ., one ivha sleeps .* a horizontal
timber supporting a weight, rails, &c.
sleepless, slep'les, adj., without sleep; unable to
sleep.adv. sleep lessly.. sleep'lessneu.
sleep-walker, slcp'-wawk-er, ., one who walks while
asleep ; a somnambulistn. sleep walking,
sleepy, slep'i, adj,% inclined to sleep ; drowsy ; dull ;
heavy ; Izzy.^adv. sleep'Uy.n. Bleep loess.
Sleet, slct, rain mingled with snow or hail.
v.i. to hail or snow with rain mingled 'pr.p.
sleeping ; /*<*./. sleet'ed. | \.6. sliht ; Sw.slagg;
Dan. sTua ; Norw. sletta.]
sleety, slfit'i, adj., consistingofat bringingsleet.
n. sleet'lnees.
Sleeve, slev, . the part of a garment which covers
the arm.v.t. to furnish with sleeves '.Pr.p.
sleeving ; Pa./^sleeved'. [A.S.slef, sly/, asleeve;
old Ger. slauf, slouf, clothing ; Dutch, sloovet a
covering, sloouen, to cover.]
sleeveless, slevles, adj., without sleeves.
Sleigh, sl;l, ft. same as Sledge.
Sleight, slit, ., cunning; dexterity; an artful
trick. sleight of hand, legerdemain. [Ice. sl*gr,
cunning ; Sw. slog, expert, sly, sloga, work
manship; allied to Sly. J
Slender, slen'der, adj. , thin or narrow ; feeble : in
considerable : simple.adv. slenderly.n. ilen'-
deraeu. [old Dutch, slinder, thin, slinderen, to
creep like a snake ; low Ger. slindern, to glide.]
Slept, slept, pa,t. and pa.p. of Sleep.
Slew, slOQ, pa.t. of Slay.
Slice, slis, v.t., to slit or divide into thin pieces:
~-pr.p. slicing ; Pa.p. sliced'. n. a thin broad
piece : a broad knife for serving fish, [old Fr,
esclisier, to divide; old Ger. sieizan. to split.
See sut |
slleer, slls'er, n., one who or that which slices ; a
broad, flat knife.
Slid, slid, pad. and pa.p. of Slide.
SUdden, slid'n, pa.p. of Slide.
Slide, slid, v.i. to slip along ; toglide; to pass along
ftte, far; me, her; mine;
474
sut
smoothly : to falLv.t. to thrust along : to slip:
pr.p. slld'ing ; pad. slid ; Pa.p. slid or slidd'en.
n. a smooth passage : th= fall of a mass of earth
or rock : a smooth declivity : a slider: in music,
two notes sliding into each other. [A.S. slidan,
to slideslith, slippery ; Dutch, slidderen, to
slip; allied to Glide.]
slider, slld'ert n., one who or thai which slides; the
part of an instrument or machine that slides.
sUding-scale, slid'ing-skal, n. a scale of duties which
slide or vary according to the value or market
prices : a sliding rule.
Slight, slit, adj. orig. plain, smooth: of little
value ; trifling ; small : weak ; slender : negli
gent : not decided.adv. slightly.n. lighf-
nese. [old Ger. sleht, Ger. scklecht, Sw. slat,
plain, smooth. See Sleek, j
slight, slit, vd. to disregard, as of slight value ;
to neglect '.pr.p. slighting ; Pa.p. sllghr/ed.
m. neglect; disregard.adv. slightingly.
Slily, sllli, adv. See under Sly.
Slim, slim, adj. (comp. eUmm'er, suPerl. slimm'est),
orig. vile, worthless; weak; slender; slight.
[Dutch, Sw. ; old Ger. slim ; Ice. slormr.]
Slime, slim, lit. lime or mud : in B., prob. bitu
men. [Ice., old Ger. slim, Dutch, slijm,
sticky matter ; Ger. schlamm, mud ; allied to h.
limus, mud.]
slimy, sllml, adj., abounding witA or consisting of
slime: glutinous.n. sllminees.
Sliness, sll'oes, n. same as Slyness.
Sling, sling, n. an instrument consisting of a strap
and two cords, for throwing stones to a great
distance, by whirling it rapidly round: a
throw : a hanging bandage for a wounded limb ;
a rope with hooks, used in hoisting and lower
ing weights.v.t. to throw with a sling: to
hang so as to swing : to move or swing by
means of a rope : to cast ;pr.p.< slinging ; Pad.
and Pa.p. slung.n. slugger. [Sp. eslinga; Fr.
/lingyteold Ger. slinga, a sling ; A. S> slingam,
to turn in a circle, Dutch, sisngem, to whirl
round, Sw. slinga, to tvrat.y-^n.pl. sling*-stones,
in B. , stones thrown from a sling.
Slink, slingk, vd., to creep or crawl away, as if
ashamed ; to sneak :pr.p. slinking ; pa.t* and
Pa.p. stunk. [A.S. slinean, Sw. siinka, Ger.
schleichen, Dutch, sleyken, to creep.]
Slip, slip, v.t., to slide or glide along: to move
out of place : to escape : to err : to slink ;
to enter by oversight:v.t. to cause to slide:
to convey secretly : to omit : to throw off : to let
loose : to escape from : to part from the branch
or stem '.pr.p. slipp ing ; Pa.p. slipped'.**. act
of slipping : that on which anything may slip:
an error : an escape : a twig : a strip : a leash : a
sloping bank for ship-building : anything easily
slipped on. [AS. slipan, Sw. sltpa, Dutch,
stipPen, to glide ; Ger. schlup/en, to slide into*;
allied to L. labor, lapsus, to glide.]
slip-knot, slip'-not, n. a knot which slips along the
rope or line around which it is made.
slipper, slip er, n. a loose shoe easily slipped on.
slippered, slip erd, adj., wearing slippers.
slippery, slip'er-i, attj., apt to slip away ; smooth:
not affording firm footing or confidence : un
stable; uncertain. re. sUpp'eriness.
slipshod, slip'shod. adj., shod with slippers, at
shoes down at the heel like slippers : careless,
BUt, slit, v.t., to tear or cut lengthwise; to split;
to cut into strips '.pr.p. slitting ; pa.t. sht ; /a^s.
mOte; mute; mo"On; thtn.
 Sloe
dit or slitt'ed.. a long cut : a narrow
[A.S. slitan, Sw., Ice. slita, to tear.]
Sloe, slO, n. lit blunt or slow; a small sour wild
lum, the fruit of the blackthorn. [A.S. sla,
>utch, sleeuwe, a sloesleeuw, sour, set on
edge, blunt, slow.]
Sloop, slOop, a light boat; a one-masted cutter-
rigged vessel. [Dutch, sloepe* See Shallop.]
Slop, slop, n. water carelessly spilled ; a puddle :
mean liquor or liquid food ://. dirty water.
v.t. to soil by letting a liquid fall upon :Pr.p.
slopping; Pa.p. slopped', [acc. to Wedgwood,
imitative of the sound of dashing water.]
loppy, slop'i, adj. wet ; muddy.n. slopp lnass.
Slope, slop, n, any incline down which a thing may
slip ; a direction downward.v.t. to form with
a slope, or obliquely.v.i. to be inclined :pr.p.
slOp'ing; pa.p. sloped'.adv. in a sloping man
ner, [pern, from Blip: or from Dutch, slap, slack,
Norw. slope, to be inclined downwards.]
Slops, slops, n.pl. any loose lower garment, that
slips on easily, esp. trousers ; ready-made cloth
ing, &c. [from Blip.]
Slot, slot, n. a broad, flat, wooden bar which locks
or holds together larger pieces, [old Ger. slot,
slat; Dutch, slot, a lock.]
Slot, slot, n. the track of a deer. [Ice. sled, track,
path ; Scotch, sleuth, track by the scent.]
Sloth, sloth or sloth, ., slowness; laziness; slug
gishness : a quadruped which lives on trees, so
named from its slow movement when on the
ground. [A.S. slarwtk, slewthslaw, slow.
See Slow.]
slothful, sloth-fool, or sloth-, adj., given to sloth;
inactive ; lazy.adv. sloth/fully.. aloth fulness.
ouch, slouch, jr.. a hanging down loosely or
slackly of the head or other part : clownish
gait: a clown,v.i. to hang down: to have a
clownish look or gait.v.t. to depress :~~pr.p.
slouch'ing ; Pa.p. slouched'. [Ice. slakr, Dutch
slus, W. Hoc, slack, loose ; Ice. loka, to hang
down. See Slack.]
Slough, slou or sluf, n., a hollowfilled with mud;
a soft bog or marsh. [A.S. slog, a hollow place;
Gael, slugaid, W, yslwch, a deep miry place.]
sloughy, slou'i, adj.,full ofsloughs; miry.
Slough, sluf, n. the cast-off skin of a serpent; the
dead part which separates from a sore.v.i. to
come away as a slough ; to be in the state
of sloughing '.pr.p. sloughing (sluf); P*>p.
sloughed' (shift). [A.S. slogslean, to cast;
Ice. slog, what is cast away in dressing fish :
or perh. from old Ger. sluch, skin of a serpent,
Ger. schlauck, a skin.]
sloughy, sluf'i, adj., like, or containing slough.
Sloven, slu^en, n., a slow, lazy fellow; a man
carelessly or dirtily dressed :fem. tint. [Dan.
slov, Dutch, sloe/, old Ger. sluf, slow, indolent ;
Swiss, sckluffi, a lazy, idling person : conn, with
Slow.]
slovenly, sluv'en-li, adj., like a slor-en; negligent
of neatness or cleanliness; disorderly: done in
an untidy manner.n. lov enluMu.
Slow, slO, adj., lazy; dull ; not swift : late ; behind
in time: not hasty; not ready: not progres
sive.adv. slowly.n. slow new. [A.S. slaw,
sleaw, slow, lazy ; old Ger. sleo, slewo, Sw. slo,
dull.]
slow-worm, sto'-wurm, n. a species of worm, so
called from the slowness of its motion.
fate, far ; me, her ; mine ;
Smart
Slug, slug, n., one who is slack or not diligent ; a
heavy, lazy fellow : a snail very destructive to
vegetation, [akin to W. Hoc, slack ; low Ger.
slukkem, to shake to and fro; Dutch, slak,
slek, a snail.]
slug'ard, n. , onehabitually idle or inactive,
slueish, adj., like a slug; habitually lazy ;
slothful : having little motion : having little or
, ilugj/lihi
gate in a frame for ex
cluding, shutting ojf, or regulating the flow of
water : the stream which flows through it : that
through which anything flows ; a source of sup
ply. [Dan. sluse ; Ger. sckleuse; Fr. icluse ; low
L. exclusa, from L. excludo, exciusumex, out
of, suxd claudo, to shut.]
Bhunber, slunVber, v.t., to sleep lightly; to sleep:
to be in a state of negligence, or inactivity :
pr.p. shira'bering; pa.p. slum'bered. n. fight
sleep ; repose.. slum borer. [Dan. slumre ;
Ger. schlummeren; A.S. sluma, slumber.]
alumberoti*, slum'ber-us, adj., inviting or causing
slumber; sleepy.
Slung, pa.t. and Pa.p. of Bllng.
Slunk, pad. and pa.p. of Blink,
slur, slur, v.t. lit. to drag in the mud; to soil : to
contaminate ; to disgrace : to pass over lightly ;
to conceal : in music, to sing or play in a gliding
manner \~pr.p. slurr'ing ; Pa.p. slurred'.n. a
stain ; slight reproach : in music, a mark shew
ing that notes are to be sung to the same syl
lable, [low Ger. slurren, to trail the feet ; Dutch,
slooren, sleuren, to drag along the ground; Ice.
slor, unclcanness.]
Slut, slut, N. (fern, of Sloven1, a dirty, untidy
woman, used sometimes in contempt. [Dan.
slutte, Bav. scklutt, an uncleanly person.]
sluttish, slut'ish, adj., resembling a slut ; dirty;
careless.adv. slutt'lihly.. slutt'lshneu.
Sly, slT, adj., dexterous in doing anything, so as to
be unobserved ; cunning ; wily ; secret : dona
with artful dexterityadv. sU'ly.n. aly'neaa.
Dan. slu, Ger. schlau, Sw. slug, cunning;
Norw. sldg, Sw. slog, dexterous, handy.]
flmsck, smak, n. lit the noise made by the separa
tum o/ the lips after tasting ; ' taste ; flavour ; a
pleasing taste : a small quantity ; a taste. 1
to make a noise with the hps, as after tasting : to
have a taste : to have a quality :~~pr.p. smack'-
ing ; Pa.p. smacked'. [A.S. snutc ; Dutch, smak:
from the sound.]
Smack, smak, n. a small vessel used chiefly in the
coasting and fishing trade. [Dutch, smak; Ger.
schmacke; A.S. snacc; Ice. sneckia: acc to
Wedgwood, probably orig. a beaked vessel.]
Small, smawl, adj. little in quantity or degree ;
minute ; not great : unimportant : of little worth
or ability : short: having little strength ; gentle.
. amallMM. [A.S. smart; old Ger. smal
ler, smar; W. mat, light, ysmat, small.]
small-pox, smawl'-poks, n. a contagious, feverish
disease, characterised by smallpox or eruptions
on the skin.
Smalt, smawlt, n. glass melted, tinged blue by
cobalt, and pulvensed when cold. [Ger. schmalte
old Ger. smalzjan, Ger. schmelxen, to melL]
Smart, smart, ft. quick, stinging pain of body or
mind.v.i. to feel a smart: to be punished:
pr.p. smart'ing ; smarted.adj., caus-
ing a smart : severe : sharp ; vigor-
mOte ; mute ; mODn ; Men.
475
 smart-money
ous : acute; witty; vivacious.adv. mart'ly.
n. imut'nawL [Dutch; Ger. schmerzt old Gcr.
smerza, pain.]
mart-money, smart'-mun-i, *., money required of a
person in order that he may smart or be punished
by its loss for being set free from an unpleasant
situation, as military service : money allowed to
soldiers and sailors for wounds received.
Bmuh, smash, v.t. to break in pieces violently ; to
crush :pr.p. smashing ; Pa.p. smashed .n.
act of smashing.n. m*ih er. [Gael, smuais ;
It. smassare, to crush ; Ger. schmiss, dash, blow.]
8matter, smar/er, v.t. lit. to smack in eating;
hence, to have a slight taste or superficial know
ledge ; to talk superficially 'pr.p. smattering ;
Pa p. smatr'ered.n. sm&tt'erer. [akin to Swiss,
schmatzern, Ger. schmatzen, low Ger. smakscn,
to smack.]
mattering, smat'ir-ing, n. a superficial knowledge.
Smear, smer, v.t. to overspread with anything
sticky or oily, as grease ; to daub :pr.p. smear
ing ; fa.p. smeared'. [A.S. smermn, Ger.
schmieren, to smear: A.S. smeru, Gcr. schmeer,
Ice. smSr, grease.]
Smell, smel, v. i. lit. to smoke, hence to affect with
smoke; to affect the nose ; to have odour : to use
the sense of smell.v. t. to perceive by the nose :
pr.p. smell'ing ; Pa t. and Pa-P- smellcd' or
melt n. the quality of bodies which affects
the nose ; odour ; perfume : the sense which per
ceives this quality, [low Ger. smellen, to smoke,
so low Ger. riechen, to smell, from rauch, smoke.]
Knelling-bottle, smel'ing-bot-I, . a bottle containing
a smelling substance for stimulating the nose
and reviving the spirits.
melt, smelt, n. a fish of the salmon or trout family,
having a cucumber-like smell.
Smelt, smelt, v.t., to melt ore in order to separate
the metal \pr.p. smelt'ing ; Pa.p. smelt'ed.n.
smelt er. [Dutch, smelten; Ice. smelta; old
Ger. smelzan, to melt.]
smeltery, smelt'cr-i, ., a placefor smelting.
Smew, smO, n. a kind of duck which appears in
Britain only in winter. [?]
Smile, smTl, v.i. to express pleasure, by the coun
tenance : to express slight contempt : to look
joyous : to be favourable :pr.p. smiling ; Pa.p.
smiled'.n. act of smiling ; the expression of the
features in smiling: favour : appearance. [Dan.;
Norw. smila : old Ger. schmielen, akin to Sans.
smi, to smile.]
Smirk, smirk, v.t., to smile affectedly; to look
affectedly soft '.Pr.p. smirk'ing ; Pa.p, smirked'.
n. an affected smile. TA.S. smercian; old Ger.
schmiertn, to smile ; akin to Smile.]
Smite, smTt, v.t., to strike with the fist, hand, or
weapon ; to beat : to kill : to overthrow in battle :
to affect with feeling: in B. , to blast; to afflict
v.i. to strike :pr.p. smTfing; pa.t. smote ;
Pa.p. smitt'en.n. nuYer. [A.S. smitan; Dutch,
smijten; old Ger. smizan: from the sound.]
Bmith, smith, n. , one who smites, strikes, or forges
with the hammer ; a worker in metals : one who
makes anything. [A.S., prob. from smitan, to
smite; Ger. sckmied; old Ger. smit, smid;
Goth, smitha.]
mlthery, smith'er-i, the workshop of a smith:
work done by a smith.
mlthy, smith'i, ., the tvorkshoP ofa smith*
Smitten, smit'en,/^./. of Smite.
fate, far ; me*, her ; mine ;
47*
Snag
Smoke, smOk, n. the vapour from a burning body.
v.i. to emit smoke : to draw in and puff out
the smoke of tobacco : to raise smoke by mov
ing rapidly: in B., to burn; to rage.v.t. to
apply smoke to ; to dry, scent, or medicate by
smoke : to inhale the smoke of ; to use in smok
ing : to try to expel by smoking :/r./.smoVing ;
Pa.p. smoked'.on a smoke, in B., smoking, or on
fire. [A.S. smoca ; low Ger. and Dutch, smock;
Ger. schmauch; W. mwg.]
smokeless, smOk'les, adj., destitute ofsmoke.
moker, sm0k'6r, n. one who dries by smoking; one
who smokes tobacco.
smoky, smOk'i, adj., giving out smoke : like smoke:
filled, or subject to be filled, with smoke : tar
nished or noisome with smoke.adv. smok'ily.
n. smok'lneu.
Smooth, smooth, adj. lit. yielding to the hammer;
soft; having an even surface : not rough : evenly
spread : glossy ; gently flowing ; easy ; regu
lar; unobstructed: bland; mild.v.t. to make
smooth : to palliate ; to soften : to calm : to case :
Pr.p. smoothing ; pa.p. smoothed'.n. in B.t
the smooth part.adv. smoothly.n. smooth new.
[A.S. smoeth; low Ger. smffdig; Gcr. schmeidig9
from Schmieden, to forge by the hammer.]
smoothing-iron, smOOth'ing-I-um, n. an instrument
of iron for smoothing clothes.
smooth-tongued, smOTth'-tungd, ., having asmooth
tongue ; flattering.
Smote, smGt, pa.t. of Smite.
Smother, smu/A'er, v.t., to choke or stifle with dirt,
or smoke: to suffocate by excluding the air: to
conceal.v.i. to be suffocated or suppressed : to
smoulder '.Pr.p. smoth'ering ; Pa.p. smoth ered.
n. smoke ; thick floating dust, [low Ger. smud
der*, Dutch, smoddem, to dirty, daub ; Dutch,
smooren, to smoke, suffocate ; A.S. smorian,
Dutch, smoren, to suffocate.]
Smoulder, smOl'der, v.i. to burn slowly or without
vent, and thus crumble into dust :pr.p.
smould'ering; pa.p. smould'ered. [Dan. smul-
dre, from srnul, dust : low Ger. smSlcn, to>
smoulder.]
Smuggle, smug7!, v.i. lit. to creep or slip into; to
import or export without paying the legal duty ;
to convey secretly '.pr.p. smuggling; Pa.p.
smuggled. [Dan. smugle; old Ger. schmuggeln:
A.S. smugan, to creep; Ice. smeygja, to slip
into.]
smuggler, smugler, ., one who smuggles ; a vessel
used in smuggling.
Brant, smut, ., a spot ofdirt, soot, &c. : foul mat
ter, as soot : a disease of corn by which the
ear becomes a soot-like powder : obscene lan
guage.v.t. to soil with smut; to blacken or
tarnish.v.i. to gather smut; to be turned into
smut ',Pr.p. smutting ; Pa.p. smutt'ed. [Sw.
smuto, spot, dirt ; Ger. schmuts, dirt ; Dutch,
smet, W. ysmot, a spot.]
nnutty, smuti, adj., stained with smut.adv.
smutt'Uy.n. sautt'lnest.
Snaffle, snafl, . a bridle which confines the nose
and has a slender mouth-bit without branches,
[prov. E. snaffle, to speak through the nose ; low
Ger. snuffe, a snout, nose : Ger. schnabel, old
Ger. snabul, a snout.]
Snag, snag, n. an abrupt projection, as on a tree
where a branch has been cut off; a short branch ;
a knot : a tooth, esp. one projecting beyond the
m6te ; mute ; moon ; thctu
 snagged Soap
rest, [akin to Gael, and Ir. snaigh, to cut down, Snivel, snivl, v.i., to run at the nose: to cry, as a
to prune.] child '.Pr.p. snivelling ; Pa.p. snivelled. [A.S.
cnagged, snag'ed, naggy, snag*!, adj., full ofsnags. snofel, mucus from the nose : akin to Sniff, Snuff. ]
Snail, snfil, n. a slimy creeping mollusc, with or sniveller, sniv/l-er, n., one prone to snivelling; one
without a shell. [A.S. snal, snagl; Ice. snigil; who cries at slight causes.
Ger. schnecke, from old Ger. schnecken, Swiss, Snore, snflr, v.i. to breathe roughly and hoarsely in
schnahen, schnaggen, to creep.) sleep :pr.f. snoring ; Pa.p. snored'.. a noisy
Snake, sn5k, n. lit. the creeping animal ; a kind of breathing in sleep.n. tnor'er. [low Ger. snorcn,
serpent. [A.S. snaca, probably from snican, to Ger. schnarcken : from the sound.]
creep : Ice. snakr; Dan. snog; Sans. naga.\ snort, snort, v.i. to force the air with violence and
Snap, snap, v.t. to break short or at once : to bite, snorting;noise through the nostrils, as horses 'Pr.p.
or catch at suddenly; to crack.v.i. to break pa.p. snort'ed.n. mort'er.
short: to try to bite:pr.p. snapping; Pa.p. Snout, snout, n. the projecting nose of a beast, as
snapped'.n. act of snapping, or the noise made of a swine, [low Ger. snute; Dutch, snuite;
by it : a small catch or lock. [Dutch, snappen ; Ger. schnauze; Ice. snudr.]
Ger. schnappen ; Ice. snapa : from the sound.] Snow, sn5, n. frozen moisture which falls from the
emapdragon, snap'drag-un, . a plant, so called be atmosphere in light, white flakes.v.i. to fall in
cause the lower lip of the corolla when parted snow.v.t. to scatter like snow :~-/>r.p. snow'-
shuts with a snap like a dragon's jaw : a play in ing; Pa.p. snowed'. [A.S. snaiv; Ger. schnee ;
which raisins arc snatched from burning brandy, Gael, sneackd; L. nix, nivis.)
also the raisins so taken. snow blindness, snO-blind'ncs, ., blindness caused
snappish, snap'ish, adj., inclined to snap; eager to by the reflection of light from snow.
bite : sharp in reply.n. anapp ishneae. snow-drift, snS'-drift, n. a bank of snow drifted to
Snare, snar, . a noose of siring or wire, &c. for gether by the wind.
catching an animal ; a trap : that by which any snowdrop, snO'drop, . a bulbous-rooted plant with
one is caught.V.t. to catch with a snare; to beautiful drop-like flowers, which often come
entrap : to bring into unexpected evil \-~pr.p. forth before the snow has disappeared.
snaring; Pa.p. snared'.n. unarer. [Dan.; Sw. inow-ploogh, snO'-plow, n. a machine like aplough
and Ice. snara, a cord, snare ; old Ger. snare, for clearing roads and railways from snow.
snuor, Goth, sttorjo, a string ; prob. akin to L. mow-shoe, snO'-shKJ, . a shoe worn to prevent
nervus, Gr. neuron, a string, nerve.] sinking in the snow.
Snarl, snarl, v.i. to growl as a surly dog : to speak anow-aUp,down
snO'-slip, . a mass of snow which slips
a mountain's side.
sharply ; to murmur in a surly manner :pr.p.
snarling; Pa.p. snarled'.n. marl'tr. [low Ger. anowy, sno'i, adj., abounding or covered with
snow: white, like snow : pure ; spotless.
snarren, Ger. schnarren : from the sound.]
Snatch, snach, v.t. to seize quickly; to take with Snnb-noee, snub'-nOz, n. a short,or flat nose. [prov.
. snub, to stunt, Ice. snubba, to cut short, Dan.
out permission ; to seize and carry away.v.i. snubbed,
to try to seize hastily:pr.p. snatch'ing; Pa.p. Snuff, snuf, stumpy, and Note.]
v.i. to draw in air violently and noisily
snatched'.n. act of snatching ; a hasty catch: through the nose ; to sniff.v.t. to draw into the
a short time of exertion : a small piece or frag
ment [obs. E. snack; Dutch, sruicken, conn, nose candle)
: to smell : to take off the snuff of (as a
:Pr.p. snuffing ; Pa.p. snuffed'.n. pow
with Snap : from the sound.] dered tobacco or other substance for snuffing: the
Sneak , snik, v.t'., to creep or steal away privately or charred part of a candle-wick. [Dutch, snnjfen,
meanly: to behave meanly: to crouch '.pr.p. Ger. schnaufen. Sw. snufva : from
sneak'ing ; pa.p. sneaked'.. a mean fellow. muff-box, snur-boks, n. a box for snuff.the sound.]
[A.S. snican, to creep; Ice. snikja, to sneak. muff-dishes, snuf-dtsh-es, n.il., in dishes for
See Snake.] the snuffof the lamps of the tabernacle.
Sneer, miCt. v.i. to express contempt by turning up inoffer, snuf'er, one who snuffs:in //. an in
the nose : to insinuate contempt by a covert strument for taking the snuff off a candle.
expression :Pr.p. sneering ; pa.p. sneered'.n. muSy, snuf'i, adj., soiledwith or smelling ofsnuff.
an expression of contempt or ridicule.adv. Snug, snug, adj. lying close and warm : comfort
raeeriugly. [akin to Snarl. ] able : not exposed to view or notice : being in
8aeec, sncz, v.i. to eject air rapidly and audibly good
through the nose: Pr.p. sneezing ; Pa.p. neat, order; compact.adv. snugly.. mug/-
[akin to Sneak.]
sneezed'.*, act of sneezing. [A.S. niesan, Bo, sfl, adv. and conj., in this manner or degree ;
Dutch, niezen, Ger. niesen: from the sound.]
Sniff, snif, v.i., to snuff or draw in air sharply thus in a
; for like reason : in such manner or degree :
high degree : as has been stated : on this
through the nose.v.t. to draw in with the
breath through the nose; to snuff; to scent: account : be it so : provided that ; in case that.
pr.p. sniffing; pa.p. sniffed', [akin to Snuff: Soak, sOk, v.t. Goth,
[A.S. swa ; and Ice. sva ; Ger. so; L. sic.J
lit. to cause to suck in liquid ; to steep
from the sound.]
Snip, snip, v.t., to nip or cut off at once with in by the pores.v.i. to be ; steeped
in a fluid : to wet thoroughly to drench : to draw
in a liquid :
scissors ; to cut off the nip of ; to cut off:Pr.p. to enter into pores :~~pr.p. soaking
snipp ing ; Pa.p. snipped'.. a single cut with soaked'. n. soaker. [A.S. socian; W. ;swgio Pa.p.
;
scissors : a clip or small shred. [Dutch, snippen, Gael, sug, to suck : from the sound.]
akin to Nip : from the sound.] Soap, sOp, n. a compound of oils or fats with soda
Snipe, snip, n. a bird which frequents marshy or potash, used in washing.v.t, to rub or wash
places, so called from the length of its bill, [low with soap .pr.p. soaping ipa.p. soaped'. [A.S.
Ger. snippe, Dutch, snip, Ger. schnepfeB&v. sape ; Dutch, zeep ; Ger. seife ; L. sapo, saponis ;
schnepp, Ger. schnabel, old Saxon, naebbe, bill.] W. sebon; Gael, siopunn, siabunn.]
ftle, far ; me", her ; mine ; mOte ; mOte ; mOOn ; Men.
477
 soapy
soapy, sOp'i, adj., like soap; having the qualities
of soap : covered with soap.n. soap'iness.
Boar, stir, v.i.t to mount into the air; to fly aloft :
to rise to a height :pr.p. soaring ; pa.p. soared'.
adv. KMkr'ingly. [Fr. essorer; It. sorareL.
ex, out of, and aura, Gr. aura, airad, to
blow.]
Bob, sob, v.i. to sigh in a convulsive manner, with
tears 'pr.p. sobbing ; Pa.p. sobbed'.n. a
short convulsive sigh. [A.S. seobgende, sobbing,
bewailing, for seofgendtseofian, sic/ion, to
bewail : from the sound.]
Sober, si/ber, adj., not drunk; temperate, esp. in
the use of liquors : not mad ; not wild or pas
sionate ; self-possessed: sedate; grave: calm;
regular.v. t. to make sober ; to free from intoxi
cation '.pr.p. sO'bering ; pa.p. sO'bered.adv.
so'berly.n. soberness. [Fr. sobre, L. sobrius,
prob. from se, away from, and ebrius, drunk
e, out of, and brius, a cup.]
sobriety, so-brT'et-i, n., state or habit ofbeingsober:
calmness ; gravity. [Fr. sobriiti, L. sobrietas.l
Sobriquet, sob'ri-k5, n. lit. a foolish young ass ; a
contemptuous nickname; an assumed name.
{Fr. ; old Fr. sotbriquetsot foolish, briquet,
It. briccketto, a young ass.]
Sociable, sO'sha-bl, adj. inclined to society; fit
for company ; companionable ; affording oppor
tunities for intercourse.adv. sc/dably.n,
Bo'cUbleneM. [Fr. ; L. sociabilissocio, -aturn, to
associatesocius, a companion.]
sociability, s5-sha-bill-ti, n. quality of being soci
able; good-fellowship.
social, sdshal, adj., pertaining to society or com
panionship ; relating to men united in a society :
inclined for friendly intercourse : consisting in
mutual converse; convivial.adv. so'cially. n.
Bo'tialncM. [L. socialissocius, a companion.]
socialise, sO'shal-Tz, v.t. to reduce to a social state;
to render social '.pr.p. socialising ; Pa.p. sO'-
ciallsed.
socialism, sQ'shal-izm, . the science which has for
its object the improvement of social arrange
ments.n. socialist, an advocate of socialism.
sociality, sO-shi-al'i-ti, n. the qualify ofbeingsocial.
society, so-sl'e-ti, m. a number of persons associated
for a common interest ; a community or partner
ship : the civilised body of mankind : persons
who associate: a religious or ecclesiastical body.
[L. socielassocius, a companion.]
Bock, sok, n. orig. a low-heeled light shoe, worn
by actors of comedy: a kind of half stocking:
comedy. [A.S, socc, L. seccus.]
octet, sok'et, n. lit. a tittle sock ; a hollow into
which something is inserted.
Bocratic, so-krat/ik, Bocratlcal, so-kratlk-al, adj.,
pertaining to Socrates, a celebrated Greek phi
losopher, to his philosophy, or to his manner of
teaching, which was by a scries of questions
leading to the desired result.adv. Bocrat'ically.
Sod, sod, n. any surface ofearth grown with grass,
&c. ; turf.adj. consisting of sod.v.t. to cover
with sod'i,
sod. adj.,
[low Ger. sode,with
Dutch,
soddy, covered sod;zode, Gael, sod.}
turfy.
Sod, sod, Past tense and pastparticiple of Seethe.
Soda, sO'da, n. lit. a salt; oxide of the metal,
sodium. [Sp. soda, sosalow L. salsola, salt
wortL. salsus, saltedsal, salt]
soda-water, stVda-waw'ter, n,, water containing
soda charged with carbonic acid.
ffite, far; m, her; mine;
478
soldiery
odium, sO'di-um, . a yellowish-white metal, the
base of soda.
Sodden, sod'n, obs. pastparticiple of Seethe.
Soddy. See under Sod.
Sodomite, sod'om-Tt, n. lit. an inJiabitant of
Sodom ; one guilty of sodomy. _
sodomy, sod'om-i, n. copulation in an unnatural
manner, so called because this crime was im
puted to the inhabitants of Sodom.
lodomltlcal, sod-om-it'ik-al, adj., pertaining to or
of the nature of sodomy.adv. lodomlt'lcally.
Sofa, sO'fa, . a long seat with stuffed bottom, back,
and arms. [Fr. ; Pers. so/ah, Ar. soffaksaffa,
to arrange or set in order.]
Sort, soft, adj. easily yielding to pressure : easily
cut or acted upon ; malleable : not rough to the
touch ; smooth : pleasing or soothing to the
senses : easily yielding to any influence ; mild ;
gentle ; effeminate : gentle in motion ; easy :
free from lime or salt, as water.adv. gently ;
quietly.adv. softly.n. softness. [A.S. soft,
seft, Dutch, soft, Ger. sanft.]
soften, sofn, v.t., to make soft or softer.v.i. to
grow soft or softer :pr.p. soft'ening ; pa.p.
soft'ened.n. soft'ener.
Boll, soil, n. lit. the sole or Imvest pari ofanything,
the ground; the mould on the surface of the
earth which nourishes plants : country. [Fr. sol,
old Fr. soils, L. solum, probably = that on which
anything is set, akin to sedeo, to sit.]
Boil, soil, n. lit. wallowing place of a sow or pig ;
dirt ; dung ; foulness ; a spot or stain.v.t. to
make dirty: to stain ; to manure.v.i. to take a
soil ; to tarnish '.pr.p. soiling ; Pa.p. soiled'.
[Fr. souil, wallowing place, L. suillus, piggish
a pig, a hog.]
Soiree, swa'nl, n. , an evening party ; a public
meeting with refreshments [Fr.soir, evening,
Prov. seraL. scnts, late.]
Sojourn, sO'jurn, v.i. to stayfor a day ; to dwell for
a time:pr.p. sO'journing ; pa.p. sojourned.n.
a temporary residence.n. eo'Journer. [ Fr.sejour-
ner, old Fr. sojourner, It. soggiomarelow L.
jomus, L. diumus, relating to daydies, a day.]
Solace, sol'as, n., consolation, comfort in distress;
relief.v.t. to comfort in distress ; to console : to
allay :pr.p. sol'Scing ; pa.p. sol'aced. [old Fr.;
L. solatiumsolor, -atus, to comfort in distress.]
Solan-goose, sOlan-gOOs, n. the gannet. [Ice. sula.]
Solar, sO'lar, adj.,pertaining to the sun ; measured
by the progress of the sun : produced by the
sun. [L. Solarissol, the sun.]
Bold, sOld, past tense and past participle of SeTL
Bolder, sol'der, v.t. lit. to make solid; to unite two
metallic surfaces by a fusible metallic cement:
to cement :pr.p. sol dering ; pa.p. sol'dered.
n. a metallic cement for uniting metals. [Fr.
sender, Sp. soldarL. solidus, solid,]
Soldier, soTjer, n. one who serves for pay; a
man engaged in military service; a private, as
distinguished from an officer : a man of much
military experience or of great valour, [old E.
souldier. Ft. soldat, old Fr. soldierL. solidus,
a piece of money, the pay of a soldier.]
soldierlike, sOl jer-llk, soldierly, sol'jer-li, adj., like
a soldier; martial ; brave.
soldiership, soTjer-ship, n., state or quality ofbeing
a soldier; military qualities ; martial skill.
soldiery, soTjer-i, n., soldiers collectively; the body
of military men.
mOte ; mute ; mOQo ; then.
 Sole
Sole, sCl, n., the lowest part or under side of the
foot ; the foot : the bottum of a boot or shoe ; the
bottom of anything.v.t. to furnish with a sole :
pr.p. soTing ; pa.p. sflled'. [A.S., Fr. sole;
L. soleasolum, the lowest part. Sec Boll, the
sole.]
sole, sol, n. a genus of flat-fish which keep on or
near the bottom of the sea. [Fr. sole, L. solea.]
Sole, sol, adf, solitary or alone; only; being or
acting without another : single : in law, un
married.n. sole'nets. [old Fr. sol, L. solus.}
solely, sOTli, adv., alone ; only ; singly.
Solecism, aol'e-sizm, n. incorrectness in speaking or
writing : any unfitness, absurdity, or impropriety.
[Fr. solecisme, Gr. soloikismossoloikizd, to
speak incorrectlysoloihos^ speaking incorrectly ;
said to be from the corruption of the Attic dialect
among the Athenian colonists of Soloi.]
soleciat, sol'e-sist, n.} one who commits solecisms.
oledstic, sol-c-sist/ik, oleclstical, -al, adj., per
taining to or involving a solecism ; incorrect ;
incongruous.adv. soleclit'lcaUy.
Solemn, sol'em, adj. lit. taking place every year,
said csp. of religious ceremonies ; attended with
religious ceremonies, pomp, or gravity : impress
ing with seriousness ; awful : devout ; having the
appearance of gravity : devotional ; attended with
an appeal to God, as an oath; serious.adv.
Eol'emnly. rt.sol'emness. [Fr. solennel, It. solenne,
L. solemnis, solennisOscan sollus, all, every,
L. annus, a year.]
solemnise, sol'cm-nlz, v.t. to perform religiously or
solemnly once a year, or periodically ; to cele
brate : to render grave : solemnising
sol'emnlscd.ns. toTemnlser, eolemnlsa'tlon.
solemnity, so-lem'ni-ti, n, a solemn religious cere
mony ; a ceremony adapted to inspire with awe :
reverence; seriousness; affected gravity.
Sol-fa. sol-f5', v.i. to sing the notes of the gamut,
do, re, mi,fa, sol, &c. :Pr.p. sol-fa'ing.
solfeggio, sol-fej'o, n. in music, the system of
naming the scale by do, re, mi, &c.
solmltatlon, sol-mi-za'shun, n. a recital of the notes
of the gamut, do, re, mi, &c
Solicit, so-lis'it, v.t., to ask with all one's might ; to
petition ; to seek or try to obtain ipr^p. solicit
ing; Pa.p. solicited. [Fr. solliciterL. sollicito
Oscan sollus, all, and cieo, citum, to call on.]
olicitint, so-Iis'it-ant, n., one who solicits.
solicitation, so-lis-t-ta'shun, n., act of soliciting;
earnest request ; invitation. [L. sotticitatio.)
solicitor, so-lis it-or, n. lit. one who solicits or asks
earnestly : one who is legally qualified to act for
another in a court of law, esp. in Chancery ; a
lawyer.Solicitor-general, in Eng. the second
law-officer of the crown. [Fr. sollicittur; L.
sollicitator.]
solicitous, so-UVit-us, adj., soliciting' or earnestly
ashing or desiring ; very desirous ; anxious ;
careful.adv. eolic ltouily, [L. sollicitus.]
solicitude, so-lis'i-tud, n., state of being solicitous ;
anxiety or uneasiness of mind ; trouble. [Fr.
solticitude; L. sollicttudo.]
Solid, sol'id, adj. firm like the soil or ground ;
having the parts firmly adhering ; hard ; com
pact : full of matter ; not hollow , strong : cubic :
substantial ; weighty.n. a substance having the
Krts firmly adhering together; a firm, compact
dy, opposed to fluid.adv. sol'ldly.n. eel'ld-
nesa. [h.solidus, perhaps from solum, the ground.)
solidarity, sol-i-dar i-ti, n., the being made solid or
fate, far; me, her; mine;
Sombre
compact; the being bound ; a consolidation, or
oneness of interests. [Fr. solidaritisolute
L. sotidus.]
solidify. so-lidl-fT, v.t., to make solid or compact.
v.i. to grow solid ; to harden :pr.p. solidify
ing ; Pa.p. solidified. [Fr. solidifierL. solidust
andfacto, to make.]
solidification, so-lid-i-fi-kushun, n., act of making
solid or hard.
solidity, so-lid'i-ti, ., solidness or state of being
solid; fulness of matter : strength or firmness,
moral or physical ; soundness : in geom., the
solid content of a body. [L. soliditas.]
Soliloquy, so-lil'o-kwe, n.. a talking when solitary
or to one's self; a discourse of a person, not
addressed to any one. [L. soliioquiumso/us,
alone, and loqui, to speak.]
soliloquise, so-Ill o-kwlz, v.i., to speak to one's self
or utter a soliloquy '.-~Pr.p. som'oqulsing ; pa.p.
solil'oqulscd.
Soliped, sol'i-ped, n. an animal with a single or un
ci, iven hoof. [L. solus, alone, pes, pedis, a foot.}
Solitaire. See under Solitary.
Solitary, sol'i-tar-i, adj. being the sole person pre
sent ; alone or lonely ; single ; living alone ;
without company ; remote from society : retired ;
loomy.n. one who lives alone ; a recluse or
ermit.adv. sol'lt&rlly.. sol'itarlneM. [Fr.
solitaire, L. solitariussolus, alone.]
solitaire, sol-i-tar/, n. a recluse or one who lives
alone : a game played by one person with a board
and balls: an ornament for the neck,
solitude, sol'i-tud, ., loneliness or state of being
solitary; a lonely life; want of company; a
lonely place or desert. [L. solitudosolus, alone.J
solo, sO'lo, n. a musical piece performed by only
one voice or instrument. [It.L. solus, alone.]
Solmltatlon. See under Sol-fa.
Solstice, sol'stis, n. that point in the ecliptic when
the sun is farthest from the equator, and seems
to stand still; the time when the sun reaches this
point. [Fr.L. solstitiumsot, the sun, and
sisto, to make to standsto, to stand.]
solstitial, sol-stish'al, adj., pertaining to or happen
ing at a solstice, especially at the north one. .
Soluble, Solution, &c. See under Solve.
Solve, solv, v.t., to loosen or separate the parts of;
to clear up or explain ; to remove :pr.p. solv
ing ; Pa.p. solved . [L. solvo, to loosenprob.
from se, aside, and luo, to loosen.]
solvable, solv'a-bl, adj., capable of being solved or
explained ; capable of being paid. IFr.L. solvo,
to dissolve, pay.]n. solvability,
soluble, sol'u-bl, adj., capable of being solved or
dissolved in a fluid. [L. soluoitissolvo.}
solubility, sol-Q-bil'i-ti, n., capability of being dis-
solved in afluid.
solution, sol-Q'shun, n., act ofsolvingox dissolving,
esp. by a fluid ; the separating of the parts of any
body ; the action of a fluid on a solid by which
it becomes fluid ; the preparation resulting from
dissolving a solid in a liquid : explanntion : re
moval of a doubt ; construction or solving ofa pro
blem. [L. solutiosolvo, solutum, to loosen.]
solvent, solvent, adj., having power to solve or
dissolve: able or sufficient to loosen or pay all
debts.n. anything that dissolves another. [L.
solvens, -entis, pr.p. of solvo, to loosen, to pay.]
solvency, solv'en-si, state of being solvent, or
able to pay all debts,
solver, solv er, ., one who solves or explains.
Sombre, som'ber, adj. Ht. under a shade ; dull ;
mote; mute; mOOn ; Men.
470
 Some
gloomy ; melancholy.ft. som'brflnesi. [Fr.
sombrt;
umbra, a Sp. sombra, a shadeL. sub, under,
shade.]
Some, sum, adj. denoting a certain number orquan
tity ; certain, in distinction from others ; moderate
or in a certain degree ; about. [A.S. sum, torn;
old Gcr. sum; Goth, soms; Sw. somlige; Sw.
som, who, which, that, as, so; old E. sum, as.]
somebody, sum'bod-i, n.t some, or any body or per
son ; a person of importance.
somehow, sumliow, adv., in some way or other,
-something, sum'thing, ., a certain thing or event ;
a portion, a quantity.
sometime, sum'tlm, adv., at a certain timeJ once ;
at one time or other.
sometimes, sum'tlmz, adv., at certain times; now
and then ; at one time : in B., once.
somewhat, sum'hwot, n. a certain quantity or de
gree ; a part, more or less ; something.adv. in
some degree. {Some, and What]
somewhere, sumliwar, adv., in someplace; in one
place or another. [Borne, and Where.]
somewhither, sumTiwi/A-er, adv. , to some place.
{Somersault, sum'er-sawlt, Somerset, sum'er-set, n. a
leap in which a person turns with his heels over
his head. [corr. of Fr. soubresaut. It. soprassalto
L. supra, over, saltus, a leapsalio, to leap.]
Uomnambulate, som-nam'bu-la't, v.i., to walk in
sleep.n. somnambola'tion. [L. somnus, sleep,
and ambulo, -atum, to walk.]
somnambulism, som-nam'bQ-lizm, ., actor practice
ofwalking in sleep.
somnambulist, som-nam'bQ-list, ., a sleep-walker.
omalferoui, som-nif'er-us, adj., bringingor causing
sleep. [L. somnus, sleep, andfero, to bring.]
somnolence, som'no-lens, somnolency, som'no-len-si,
., sleepiness; inclination to sleep. [L. somno
lentiasomnus, sleep.]
somnolent, som'no-lent, adj., sleepy or inclined to
sleep. [L. somnolentus.\
Bon, sun, n. lit. what is bom or brought forth;
a male child or descendant: any young male
person spoken of as a child ; a term of affection
generally; a disciple: a native or inhabitant;
the produce of anything : one possessed of a
certain quality. [A.S. and old Ger. sunn; Ger.
tohn ; Dan. sffn ; Russ. siiin ; Sans, sunusu,
to beget, bring forth ; conn, with Gr. huios, a son. ]
son-in-law, sun'-uvlaw, n. the husband of one's
daughter.
sonship, sun'ship, ., state or character ofa son.
Sonata, so-na'ta, n. a musical composition for an
instrument, consisting of three or more move
ments or divisions [It.K sow, to sound.]
Bong, song, ,, that which is sung; a short poem
or ballad ; the melody to which it is adapted ;
a poem, or poetry in general ; the notes of birds :
a mere trifle : in B., an object of derision. [A.S.
song, sang; Ger. sang ; Goth, saggos ; Ice.
saungr; from root of Blag.]
ongiter, song'ster, ., a singer or one skilled in
singing ; esp. a bird that sings,/em. song stress.
[A. S. sangestre, from Song.]
Sonnet, son'et, n. a short song or poem of fourteen
lines, with varying rhymes. [Fr.; \t.sonetto, dim.
of It. suono, a sound, songL. tonus, a sound.]
sonneteer, son-et-ir7, a composer ofsonnets.
Sonorous, so-nO'rus, adj., sounding when struck;
giving a clear, loud sound ; high sounding.adv.
sonorously.n. sonorousness. [L. sonorussonor
ox sonus, a sound-sono, to sound. Sec Sound.]
fiite, fir; me", her; mine;
sorely
Soon, sGBn, adv., immediately or in a short time ;
without delay ; early; readily ; willingly. [A.S.
sona, suna, Goth, suns, immediately, soon.]
Soot, soot or sCut, n. the black, powdery portion of
smoke; condensed smoke. [A.S. and Ice. s6t ;
Dan. sood; Gael, suith; Ir. suth; W. swta.]
sooty, soot'i orsSOt'i, adj.,producing, consisting of,
containing, or like soot..soot'ineee. [A. S.sotig.]
Booth, sGOth, truth, reality.adj. true; pleas
ing. [A.S. sodh ; Ice. sannr, sadhr, true : Goth.
sunis ; conn, with Sans, satya or santya, true.]
soothsay, soDth'sa, v.i. lit. to say or tell the truth ;
to foretellns. soothsayer, sooth'laying.
Soothe, south, v.t. to please with sweet words ; to
flatter ; to soften :-/r.AsOOth'ing ;pa./.soothed'.
adv. soothingly. (A S. gesodhian, to soothe,
gesoth, a flatterer ; Goth, suthjan, to tickle the
ears, to flatter ; prob. from Goth, sutis, old .
sote, sweet See Sweet.]
Sop. sop, n. anything dipped or soaked, esp. in soup,
to be eaten ; anything given to satisfy.v.t. to
steep in liquor 'Pr.p. sopp'ing ; pa.p. sopped'.
[A.S. syp, a wetting, sop, soup, from supan, to
sip, soak ; Sw. soppa, broth, soup. See Sup, Soup.]
OPPF. sop'i, adj., sopped or soaked in liquid.
Sophism, soPizm, n. lit. a wise saying; cunning?
thought, or argument ; a specious fallacy. [Fr.
sophtsme; Gr. sofihismasophizd, to make wise
sophos, cleverness.]
sophist, sof'ist, n. lit. and orig. a wise or clever
man; one of a class of public teachers in Greece
in the 5th cent B.C. ; a captious or fallacious
reasoner. [Gr. sophistfssophos, wise.]
sophistic, so-fisl'ik, sophistical, so-fist'ik-al, adj., per
taining to a sophist or to sophistry ; fallaciously
subtle.adv. sophist'lcally. [Gr. sophistikos.]
sophisticate, so-fist/i-k&t, v.t., to render sophistical,
or unsound ; to corrupt by mixture ;pr.p. so
phisticating ; pa.p. sophisticated.
sophistication, so-fist-i-kfi shun, n., act of so/hisil
eating, adulterating, or injuring by mixture.
sophistry, sofist-ri, n., the art or practice of the
sophist; specious but fallacious reasoning*
Soporiferous, sop-or-ifer-us, adj., bringing, causing,
or tending to cause sleep; sleepy. [L. sopor,
soporis, sleep, andfero, to bring.]
soporific, soj>- or-ifik, adj. , making or causing sleep.
n. anything that causes sleep. [Fr. soporifiqu*
sopor, sleep, andfacio, to make.]
Soprano, so-pra'no, . lit. superior; the highest
kind of female voice, air. [It., from soprat L.
supra or super, above.]
opranlst, so-pra'nist, ., a singer ofsoprano.
Sorcery, sor'scr-i, the castingoflots ; divination
by the assistance of evil spirits ; enchantment ;
magic, [old Fr. sorcerieL,.sortior, to cast lots
sors, sortis, a lot.J
sorcerer, sor'ser-er, n., one who practises sorcery <
an enchanter; a magician. [Fr. sorrier; low L.
sortiariussors, sortis, a lot.]
Sordid, sordid, adj. lit. dirty,foul; vile; mean;
meanly avaricious. adv. eoVdidly.n. or'dld-
ness. [Fr.sordide,L,sordidussordeo,to be dirty.]
Sore, sOr, a wound; an ulcer or boil : in B.t
grief, affliction.a/tj. wounded; tender, suscep
tible of pain ; easily pained or grieved : in B.t
severe.adv. in B., same as sorely.n. aotV-
neej. [A.S., Ice. sar, wound, sore, pain, Scot.
sare, sore, heavy ; L. severus, son.)
orely, soYli, adv., in a sore manner ; grievously.
mote; mute; mOOn ; Men.
 sorry Souvenir
sorry, sorl, adj. lit. sore in mind, afflicted; grieved ; sound, sound, n. the impression produced on the
melancholy; poor; worthless. adv. sorrily. ear by the vibrations of air ; noise ; report ;
n. sorr mcFs. [Scot, saty; old G. serig, pain empty or meaningless noise. [A.S., Fr., and W.
ful, sad ; A.S. sang; wounded, sorrowful; old son ; old E. soun ; L. sonussono.]
Dutch, sorigh ; conn, etymologically with Son, Sound, sound, v.t. to measure the depth of, esp.
but has come to be regarded as the adj. of Sorrow. J with a line and plummet: to probe; to try to
Sorrel, sor'el, n. a plant of a sour taste, allied to the discover a man's secret wishes, &c. ; to test ; to
dock. [Fr. surelle, from sur, A.S. sur, sour.] introduce an instrument into the bladder to
Sorrel, sor'el, adj., of a sear or reaUlish-browH examine it.v.i. to use the line and lead in
colour,n. a sorrel or reddish-brown colour. ascertaining the depth of water :pr.p. sound'-
[Fr. saure, sorrel ; Prov. saur, sor, yellow, red ; ing ; Pa.p. sounded.n. an instrument to dis
cover stone in the bladder. [A.S. sundgyrd,
low G. soor, E. Bear, dried up.]
Sorrow, sor'o', ., anxiety, or pain ofmind; grief; sundline, a sounding-line ; Fr. sonder, to sound,
affliction.v.i., to feel sorrow or pain of mind ; acc. under
to Diez from low L. sub-undare, to put
the waveL. sub, under, unda, a wave.]
to grieve :Pr.p, sorrowing ; Pa.p. sorrowed,
[old Eng. sorge, sore, sorrwe ; A.S. sorg, sorh; sounding, of water
sound'ing, n. the ascertaining the depth
ft. any part of the ocean where a
Ger. sorge; Ice. sorgsyrgja, to mourn: per sounding-line will reach the bottom.
haps allied to Bora.]
sorrowful, sor'fi-fool, adj.,full ofsorroiv ; causing, Soup, sOTp, lit. that which is supped; the juice
shewing, or expressing sorrow ; sad ; dejected. or liquid obtained by boiling, seasoned, and
adv. orr owfully , surr owfulness. often mixed with vegetables. [Fr. soupe, old Fr.
Sony. Sec under Bore. supe, Dutch, saep, old Ger. souf; Ice. supa, to
Sort, sort, . lit. lot; a number of persons or Sour, sour, adj. havingSup.]a pungent, acid taste;
sup up liquids. Sec
things having like qualities ; class, kind, or turned, as milk ; rancid : crabbed or peevish in
species; order or rank; manner.v.t. to sepa
rate into lots, or classes ; to put together ; to temper ; bitter.adz', sour ly.n. sourness.
select.P.J.to be joined with others of the same [A.S., old Ger., W*., Fr., Ice. sur, Ger. sauer.]
sort; to associate; to suit:Pr*p, sort'ing; sour, sour, v.t. to make sour or acid ; to make
Pa.p. sort'ed.n. sorfer. [Fr. sorteh. sors, cross, peevish, or discontented.v.i. to become
sour or acid ; to become peevish or crabbed :
sortis, a lotsero, to join.] pr.p. sour'ing ; Pa.p, soured'. [A.S. surian.]
Sortie, sor'tff, n., the issuing of a body of troops sourish,
from a bnsieged place to attack the besiegers. Source, sour'ish, adj., somewhat sour.
sOrs, . that from which anything rises
[Vr.sortir, to go out, to issue.]
Sot, sot, a stupidfelLnv, afool; one stuptfied stream flows. origin
or originates ; ; the spring from which a
by drinking ; a habitual drunkard. [Fr. sot ; A.S. sorgert, L. snrgo,[Fr.to source, from sourdre, It.
sot; Dutch, sol; Bret, sot, stupid ; Ir. suthan, Souse, sous, . lit. same raise or
up, to rise.]
pickle made with salt ;
blockhead, sotaire, fop.]
sottish, sot'ish, adj., like a sot; foolish; stupid anything steeped in pickle ; the ears, feet, &c
of swine pickled.v.t. to steep in pickle; to
with drink.-adv. aotfimhly.. sott'tshness. plunge into water.v.i. to fall on suddenly :
Son, sOT, . a French copper coin = ^th of a Pr.p.
franc. [Fr. sou; It so/doL. solidus, a thick a formsous'ing of Sauce.]
; pa.p, soused', [written also souce,
solid coin, which varied in valnc.J South, south, n. lit. thethesundirection or pointin of the
Bought, sawt, pa.t. and pa.p. of Seek. compass towards the direction which
Soul, so!, n. that part of man which thinks, feels, the sun appears at noon to the people N. of the
desires, &c. : the seat of life and intellect : life ; Tropic of Cancer ; any land opposite the N.adj.
essence ; internal power; energy or grandeur of
mind : a human being, a person, [old E. saul; lying [A.S. towards the south.adv. towards the
A.S. satvel; Ice. sal; old Ger. seula ; Ger. south. Dan. sotuien;
sudJt ; Ger. add; Ice. sunnr, sudr;
Fr. sud ; Bav. sunnenhalb, to
seele; Goih. saivala ; Gael, saoil, to think.] wards the sun, south ; from root of Sun. ]
tooled, sold, adj.,full ofsoul or feeling,
soulless, sOlles, adj.f without a soul or nobleness of tant from the south n.andeast.
south-east, south-est', the direction equally dis
mind ; mean ; spiritless. south-east, south-est', lonth-e&iterly, south-est'r-li,
Sound, sound, adj., safe, whole, entire; perfect; south-eastern, south-est'cm, adj., pertaining to,
healthy ; strong; profound : correct ; weighty. in the direction of, or coming from thesouth-east.
adv. sound ly. n. soundness. [A.S. sund, gesund; outherly,suM'er-li; southern, suM'ern, adj., pertain-
Ger. gesund; allied to L. sanus, sound, Gr. ing to, situated in, or proceeding from or towards
sos, safe and sound.] the south.superl. outh'ernmoct, south most,
Sound, sound, . lit. what may be swum across; a most southern, furthest towards the south,
narrow passage of waier; a strait. [A.S. sund, southward, south'ward or suM'ard, adv., toward
for sivumd, a swimming, a narrow arm of the the south,
sea; Ice., and Ger. sund; Ice. synda, A.S. south-west, south-west', . the direction equally
swimman, to swim.] distant from the south andwest.
sound, sound, n. the air or swimming bladder ofa south-west, south-west', south-westerly,south-west'Ar-
U, south-western, south-western, adj., pertaining
fish. [A.S. sund, swimming.]
Sound, sound, v.i., to make a noise; to utter a the south-west.from, or lying in the direction ox
to, proceeding
voice ; to spread.v.t, to cause to make a Souvenir, sooV-ncr, n. something to bring to mind ;
noise ; to utter audibly ; to direct by a sound or a remembrancer. [Fr. ; It. sovvenireL,. suit-
audible signal; to publish audibly ',fir.p. sound
ing ; Pa.p. sound ed, [old E. souuen, Fr. son- venire, to come up, to come to mindsub, under,
mer, L. sono, Sans, svam, to sound.] from under, and venio, venire, to come.]
(ate, fir; mi, her; mine; mCte; mate; mOOn ; then.
2E
 Sovereign Spavin
Sovereign, sover-in, adj., supreme; possessing term for masts, yards, booms, and gaffs, &c
supreme power or dominion ; superior to all [Gael, sparr; Dutch, sperre; Ice. spam'; It.
others; utmost.n. a supreme ruler ; a prince or sbarra, a bar.]
monarch : a gold coin = aox. [old E. sover- Spar, spar, n. a mineral with a glossy surface,
aine ; Fr. souverain; It. sovrano, sopranoL. which breaks into regular fragments. [A.S.^Wr-
super, supra, above.] stan, chalkstone ; Sw. spat; Dutch, spath,]
sovereignty, sov'er-in-ti, n., supremepower; domi parry, spari, adj., consisting ofor Like spar.
nion. [Fr. souveraineti.\ Spar, spar, v.i. to box with the hands ; to fight ^rith
Sow, sow, n. a female pig: an oblong piece of showy action : to dispute 'Pr.p. sparring ;
metal larger than a pig. [A.S. sug-u ; Ger. sau; sparred'.n. sparr/er. [Fr. s'&parer, to kick out ;
L. sus; Gr. kus; bans, sukarasu, to bring akin to Ger. sperren, Ice. sperrask, to thrust]
forth ; also given from its gTunt. See Hog ] Bpare, spar, v.t. to use frugally : to do without: to
Sow, sfl, v.t. perhaps lit to generate; to scatter save from any use : to withhold from : to treat
seed that it may grow ; to plant by strewing ; tenderly : to grant ; to part with willingly.-v.i.
to scatter seed over; to spread.v.i. to scatter to be frugal : to forbear : to be tender ; to for
seed for growth :~Pr.p. sowing ; Pa.p. sowed' give \~-pr.p. sparing ; P*.p. spared'. [A, S.
and sown.n. sow'er. [A.S. soman; Goth. spartan; Fr. ipargner; It sparagnarcOct.
saian; Ger.s&en; Ice. son; akin to L. sera, sparen; allied to L. parco, to spareJ
tevi, to beget, to sow ; and prob. to Sans, su, spare, spar, adj., sparing; frugal: scanty: tan:
to generate?| superfluous.n. spare'neM.
Spa, spaw, n. a place where there is a mineral spare-rib, spaV-rib, it. a piece of pork consisting of
spring of water, [from Spa, a town in Belgium.] sparing,ribssparing,
the with a spare or small amount of flesh.
Space, spas, n. extension as distinct from material adv. sparingly. adj. scarce ; scanty : saving.
substances ; room ; largeness : distance between Spark, spark, n. a small particle of fire shot off* from
objects ; interval between lines or words in books ;
quantity of time ; distance between two points of asmall burning body with a crackling sound : any
shining body or light : a small portion of
tune; a short time; interval.v.t. to make or anything active or vivid. [A.S. spearca, a spark ;
arrange intervals between :pr.p, spacing ; Dan. sprage, Sw. spraka, to crackle ; or pcrh.
Pa.p. spaced'. [Fr. espace ; It spazioL. allied to L. spargo, to scatter.]
spatturn, Gr. siadien, Doric spadion, a race sparkle, sparkl, a little spark: lustre.v.if. to
course.] emit sparks : to shine ; to glitter :pr.p. spark'-
spacious, spu'shus, adj., having' large space ; large hng;
in extent; roomy; wide.adv. spa'clonsly.. sparkling, spark ling, adj. , givingofout
Pa.p. sparkled, [dim. Spark.]
sparks; glit
spa'cioasnea. [Fr. spaeieux; L. spatiosus.~\ tering ; brilliant : lively.
Spade, sp5d,., a broad blade of'iron with a handle, Sparrer. See under Spar.
used for digging.v.t. to dig with a spade:
pr.p. spading; pa.p. spad'ed. [A.S. spadu, Sparrow, spar's, n. a small well-known bird with
spad; old Ger. spate, spado; Ger. spaten; It. a f^rar-shaped or sharp bill. [A.S. spcar?t*a ;
spada, Fr. ipec, a sword ; L. spatha, Gr. spathe, Goth, sparva; Ice. sparr; Ger. sperling; prob.
any broad blade.] from root of Spear.]
Spake, spak, old past tense of Speak. sparrow-hawk, spar'o-hawk, . a small species of
Span, span, n. the space from the end of the thumb Sparry. destructive
haivk to sparrows, &c.
See under Spar.
to the end of the little-finger when the fingers Sparse, spars, adj. thinly scattered.adv. sparsely.
are extended: nine inches : the spread of an arch
between its abutments: a space of time.v.t. to n. sparse'new. [L. spargo, sparsum, to scatter ;
measure by spans: to measure; to embrace: allied to Gr. speird, to sow.]
pr.p. spanning; Pa.p. spanned'. [A.S., Dutch ; Spartan, spar'tan, adj., oforpertaining to SParia
old Fr. espan. It. spanna, old Ger. sjpanna, a in Greece : hardy ; fearless. [L. Spartanus
spanspannan, Dan. spande, probably allied to Sparta.]
L. panda, to extend.]
spandrel, span'drel, n. the irregular triangular space Spasm, spazm, n. an irregular, violent, and involun
between the span or curve of an arch and the tary arawing or contraction of the muscles ; a
convulsive fit. [Fr. spasms ; L. spasmus; Gr.
inclosing right angle, [from Span.] spastnosspad, to draw.]
Spangle, spang'gl.n. a small plate of shining metal ; spasmodic, spaz-mod'ik, spasmodical, spar-mod'ik-
anything sparkling and brilliant, like a spangle, al, adj., relating to or consisting in spasms; con
v./. to adorn with spangles.v.i. to glitter: vulsive.n. a medicine for removing spasms.
Pr.p. spangiing ; Pa.p. spang'led. [A. S. spattgc, Spat, spat, old/a./, ofSpit, to throw from the mouth.
Ice. spong, a clasp; Gael spang, anything Spat, spat, n. the spawn or young, spit or thrown
shining or sparkling.] out by shell-fish, [from root of Spit]
Spaniard, span'yard, . a native of Spain.
Spaniel, span'yel, n. a Spanish dog used in the Spatter, scatter
spat'er, v.t., to spit or throw out upon: to
about : to sprinkle with dirt or anything
chase, or kept as a pet, remarkable for its saga
city and fawning : a fawning, obsequious person, spattered,to [freq.
moist: defame :pr.p. spattering ; />/.
of Spit]
[old Fr. espagneul.] Spatula, spaf/G-la, Spattlo, spatl, n., a little spade;
Spanish, Spanish, adj., ofor pertaining to Spain. a broad kind of knife for spreading plasters. [Fr.
. the language of Spain.
Spanker, spangTt6r, n, the after-sail of a ship or spatule Gr.
; L. spatula, sMthula, dim. of spatha,
spathf, any broad blade. See Spade.]
barque, so called from itsflappings the breeze, Spavin, spavin, . a swelling near the joints of
[from vulgar spank, to nap, to move quickly.] horses producing lameness, and causing them
Spar, spar, n. orig. a bar: a rafter ; a general to lift their feet like a sparrow-hawk. [It,
late, fir ; mi, her ; mine ; mote ; mute ; moon ; then.
 spavined, Spend
spavenio for sparvenio ; old Fr. esparvain different in substance or colour from the thing
espervier, old Ger. sparwari, a sparrow-hawk.] itself.v.t. to mark with speckles '.pr.p. speck
spavined, spaVind, affected -with spavin. ling ; pa.p. speckled.
Spawn, spawn, n. the eggs of fisfli or frogs when Spectacle, spek'ta-kl, n., anything' seen or looked
spit out or ejected : offspring.v.t. to produce, at; a sight : show: an exhibition://, glasses
as fishes and frogs do their eggs : to bring forth. to assist the sight. [L. spectaculumspecto,
v.t. to deposit eggs, as fishes or frogs : to issue, spectatnm, intens. of specio, to look at.]
as offspring :pr.p. spawning ; Pa.p. spawned', spectacled, spek'ta-kld, adj., wearing spectacles.
[probably from A.S. spiwan, to spit out.] spectator, spek-ta'tur, n., one who looks on.
rpawner, spawn'er, . the female fish, from which spectrum, spek'trum, . lit. something seen; the
the spawn is ejected. image of something seen continued after the
Speak, spk, V.i. to utter words or articulate sounds : eyes are closed : the colours of light separated
by a prism, and exhibited as spread out on a
to say : to talk ; to converse : to sound.v.t. to screen. [L.specio, to see.]
pronounce : to converse in : to address : to de spectre, spek'ter, n., lit. something seen ; a ghost.
clare : to express by signs : to communicate :
fr.p. speak'ing ; Pa.t. spOke or spake ; Pa.p. spectral,spck'tral, adj. , relating to, or like * spectre.
SOk'en. [A.S. spaxan, sprecan; Sw. sprakai speculate, spek'u-lat, speculum,
specular. See under
v.t., to look at or into with
sr. sprechen.]
speaker, spfk'er, n., one who speaks : the person the mind ; to consider : to theorise : to traffic for
great profit :pr.p. speculating ; pa.p. spetr*-
who presides in a deliberative or legislative body, ulited.n. ipec'ulator. [L. specular, speculatus
as thespcch,
Housen.,ofthat
Commons.n. speak ership,
speech, which is spoken; language : specula, a look-outspecio, to look.]
speculation, spek-Q-la.'shun,
the power of speaking : oration : any declaration mental view ; contemplation *., act of speculating;
of thoughts : mention, : theory : the buy
speechless, spechles, adj., destitute or deprived of speculative, spek'G-lat-iv, adj.,atgiven
ing goods, &c. to sell them an advance.
tospeculation
the power ofspeech.n. speechlessness. or theory . * ideal : pertaining to speculation in
Spear, sper, . a long weapon used in war and hunt business, &c.adv. spec ulatively.
ing made of a spar or pole pointed with iron : a speculum,
lance with barbed prongs used for catching fish, flector ofspck'G-lum, n. a looking-g}xss : a re
polished metal. [ L.specio, to look.]
p./. to pierce or kill with a spear 'pr.p. spear'- specular, spek'O-lar, adj., resembling a speculum;
ing ; pa.p. speared'. [A.S. speare, W.yspar, low having a smooth reflecting
L. sparro, L. spams, a hunting spear ; Ger. speer, Sped, sped, pa.t. and pa.p. of surface. Speed.
Dutch, sperre, sparre, a stake. See Spar, a bar.]
spearman, sper'man, n. a man armed with a spear. Speech, &c. See under Speak.
spearmint, sper'mint, . a species of mint having Speed, spd, v.t., to hasten : to succeed : to fare.
f/*r<ir-shaped leaves. v.t. to despatch with haste : to hasten, as to a
Special, &c. See under Species. conclusion : to execute : to aid ; to make prosper
Species, spe'shez, n. lit. thai which is seen : a group x.oushaste '.pr.p. speeding ; pa.t. and pa.p. sped.
; quickness : success. [A. S. spedan,
of individuals having common marks or charac to hasten, to prosper ; old Ger. spoden, to haste :
teristics :subordinate to a Genu*. [ L.specio, spuot, haste, prosperity ; Gr. spends, to urge on.]
to look.]
special, spesh'al, adj., pertaining- to or designating speed lly.n.adj.,
speedy, spCd'i, hasty; quick; nimble.adv.
speediness.
a species : particular ; distinctive : uncommon : Spell, spel, ., discourse;
designed for a particular purpose : limited in posed to possess magical any form of words sup
power. [A.S. spell, Ice.
range: chief in excellence.adv. specially.
speciality, spesh-i-al'i-ti, n. the special or particular spiall, discourse.]
mark of a person or thing ; a special occupation Spell, spel, v.t. to tell or name the letters of,
or object of attention. pointing them out with a spill or splinter of
spe<aalty,spesh'al-ti,.,r<w^A/^r^cirt/: a special wood : to name, write, or print the proper letters
contract : that for which a person is distinguished. of.v.i. to form words with the proper letters :
specie,spe'shi, n, gold and silver coin, because visible pr.p. spelling; Pa.t, and Pa.p. spelled', spelt,
wealth, and not merely representing it as bills [from 8plll, n. : so Dutch, spell, a splinter, spellen,
and notes do. to spell, Fris. spjeald, a splinter, letterspjeald-
specify, spes'i-fl, v.t., to make special ; to mention ing, spelling.]
particularly :>r^.spec'ifying; pa.p. spe'eificd. spelling, spel'ing, n., act ofspelling or naming the
[L. species, and facie, to make.] letters of words: orthography.
specific, spe-sif'ik, specific*!, spe-sif'ik-al, adj., Per spelling book, spering-book, n. a book for teaching
taining tof or constituting a species : tlmt speci to spell.
fies: precise: infallible.adv. specifically.
specific, spe-sif'ik, . a remedy which has a special Spell, time
spel, v.t., to take the place of another for a
in any labour or duty ; to relieve '.pr.p.
power in disease ; an infallible remedy. spelling;/*,/, and pa.p. spelled'. [A.S. spelian,
specification, spes-i-fi-ki'shun, **., act ofspecifying: to act for another, speling, sfelung, a turn.]
a statement of particulars.
specimen, spes'i-men, . a portion of anything to Dutch, spiauter:n.,a form
Spelter, spel'ter, zinc, [old Ger. spialter;
shew the kind and quality of the whole ; a sample. Spencer, spens'er, n. a shortof over-jacket ?ewter.j
worn by
specious, spe'shus, adj., that looks well at first men or women, named after a Lord Spencer who
sight ; showy : plausible.adv. spe ciously. introduced it or made it fashionable.
Speck, spek, a spot; a blemish.v.t. to spot : Spencer, spens'er, n. in ships and barques, a fore-
pr.p. specking; pa.p. specked'. [A.S. specca, and-aft sail abaft the fore and main masts. [?]
a spot]
speckle, spekt, n. , a little speck or spot in anything Spend, spend, v.t., to expend or weigh out; to give
fate, far; me, her ; mine ; mote ; route ; moon ; Men.
 spendthrift
for any purpose : to consume : to waste : to pass,
as time.v.i. to make expense: to be dissi
pated :fr.f. spcnd'ing ; pa.t. and Pa.p. spent.
n. spend'er, [A.S. spendatt; old Ger. sfcttdott
L. expendo or disfendo, to weigh out
spendthrift, spendthrift, . one who spends the
savings of thrift ; a prodigal.
put, /ad. and Pa.p. of Spend.
Sperm, sperm, n., that which is sown; animal
seed : spawn of fishes or frogs : spermaceti. [L.
Gr. spermaspeirS, to sow.]
spermaceti, sper-ma-se'ti, n. lit. the sperm of the
whale ; awaxy matter from the head ofthe sperm-
whale. [L. sperma, andcetus, Gr. kilos, a whale.]
spermatic, sper-mat'ik, spermatlcal, sper-mat'ik-al,
adj., pertaining to or consisting of sperm or
seed ; seminal.
sperm-oil, sperm'-oil, n. , oil from the sperm whale.
sperm-whale, spcrmTiwal, w. a species of wJtale from
which sperm or spermaceti is obtained.
Spew, spfl, same as Spue.
Sphere, sffir, ., a ball or globe; an orb : circuit of
motion : province or duty: rank. [Fr. L.
sphtera ; Gr. sphaira.]
spheric, sfer'ik, spherical, sfer'ik-al, adj. pertaining
to or like a sphere.adz*, spher'lcally.
sphericity, sfer-is'i-ti, n., slate or quality of being
spherical i roundness.
spheroid, sfeVoid, n. a body or figure having the
form of a sphere, but not quite round. [Fr.
sphiroideGr. spliaira, and eidos, form.]
spheroidal, sfer-oid'al, adj., having thefortn of a
spheroid.
spherule, sfer'oTSl, n., a little sphere.
Sphinx, sfingks, n. in one. myth, a monster with
the head of a woman and the body of a lioness,
that proposed riddles to travellers, and squeezed
or strangled those who could not solve them.
[L.f Gr.sphinggd, sphingxS, to squeeze.]
Spice, spTs, n, an aromatic vegetable used for
seasoning food, formerly one of the most valuable
kinds of merchandise : a small quantity.vj. to
season with spice : to tincture :Pr.p. spicing ;
pa.p. spiced'. [Fr. epice, spice ; It. spezie, kind ;
in //. drugs, spices = low L. species, kinds of
goods; L. species, kind.] [of spices.
spieery, spls'er-i, n., spices in general: a repository
spicy, spis'i, adj., producing or abounding with
spices ; fragrant : pungent.adv. spicily, n.
splc'iness.
Spider, spfder, an animal remarkable for spin
ning webs to take its prey. [Dan. spinder; Sw.
spindel; old Ger. spinna: from Spin.]
Spigot See under Spike.
Spike, spTk, n., a point ; an ear of corn : a small
pointed rod; a large nail.v.t. to set with
spikes : to stop the vent of with a spike 'Pr.p.
splk'ing ; Pa.p. spiked'. [Sw. spik, a spike ; Norw.
spik, a splinter ; It. spica, sPiga, an ear of com ;
W. yspig, a spike, spig, allied to L. spica, a
point]
pikelet, splklet, n., a little s/ike.
spikenard, spTknard, . a highly aromatic oil or
balsam obtained from an Indian plant, the Nar-
dus, with t/*/Xy-shaped blossoms ; the plant itself.
[L. spica nardi. See Nard J [a sharp point,
play, splk'i, adj., furnished with spikes; having
eplffot, spig\it, ., a spike, or pointed piece of wood
for stopping a smalt hole in a cask. [W. yspiga-yd.]
Spill, spil, v.t., to spoil; to waste; to allow to run
out of a vessel : to shed v.i. to be shed ; to be
Ate, fax ; mi, her ; mine ;
spirited
allowed to fall, be lost, or wasted \pr.p. spiir-
ing: pa.t. and pa.p. spilled', spiltn. s ilU'er.
[A.S. spillan ; Norw. spilla. See Spoil, to i aste. ]
Spill, spil, Spile, spil, w. lit. a splinter; a small
peg or pin to stop a hole. [Dutch, spil, prov.
Gcr. spoil, A.S. spinl, spindel; conn, with
Spindle.]
Spin, spin. See under Spindle.
Spindle, spin'dl, n. lit a splinter ; the pin from
which the thread is spun or twisted ; a ] in on
which anything turns : the fusee of a i ratch.
[A.S. spinl, spindel; Ger. spindel, a s{ indie.
schindel, a splint. See Spill, n. ]
spin, spin, vd. to draw out and twist into threads
from a spindle: to draw out a thread as s piders
do: to draw out tediously: to cause to whirl
rapidly.v.i. to practise the art or trade of
spinning, to perform the act of spinning: to
issue in a small or thread-like current : to 1 vhiii :
Pr.p. spinning ; pad. and pa.p. spun.sr.
spinner. [A.S. ; Goth, spinnan; ice. spinna:
from Spindle.]
spinning, spin'ing, adj. , used in spinning.
spinster, spinster, n. lit. a woman who spins; in
law, an unmarried female.
Spinach, Spinal. See under Spine.
Spine, spin, something with spikes or Ptu'nts;
a thorn: a thin, pointed spike, esp. in fishes:
the backbone of an animal. [L. spinaspko, to
furnish with a pointspica, a point See Spina.]
spinal, spTn'al, adj., pertaining to the spine or
backbone.
spinet, spinet or spin-et', *. a stringed instrument
like the harpsichord, so called because struck
with a spine or pointed quilL [old Fr. espittette;
It spine!iaL. spina.] [thorny.
spinose, spi'ntJz, spinous, spl'nus, adj.,full ofspines ;
spiny, spin'), adj.,full ofspines ; thorny : trouble
some ; perplexed.n. spin'lness.
spinach, spinsge, spin aj, n. an esculent veget
able with jagged or spiny leaves. [It spinace,
low L. sptnaceusspina. \
Spinster. See under Spindle.
Spiracle, spir'a-kl, ., a breathing hole ; any minute
passage. [L. spiraculumspiro, to breathe.]
Spire, spTr, ., anythine" wound round or upon
a thing ; a winding line like the threads of a
screw: a curl; a wreath: a tapering body: a
steeple. [L. spira ; Gr. speira, akin to eirS,
to fasten together in rows.]
spiral, spiral, adj., pertaining to or like a spire;
winding like the thread of a screw.n. a spiral
line ; a curve which continually recedes from a
centre about which it revolves : a screw.
spirally, spiral-li.a^r'. ,in a spiral form or direction.
splry, splKi, adj., of a spiral form; wreathed;
tapenng like a spire or a pyramid : abounding
in spires.
Spirit, spirit, ., breath; vital force :^ the soul:
a ghost : mental disposition ; enthusiasm : real
meaning; chief quality: a very lively person:
any volatile, inflammable liquid obtained by dis
tillation, as brandy ://. intellectual activity :
liveliness ; persons with particular qualities of
mind : mental excitement : spirituous liquors.
[L. spiritus -spiro, to breathe.]Holy Spirit.
See under Holy.The Spirit, the Holy Spirit ;
the human spirit under the influence of the Holy
Spirit.
spirited, spir'it-ed, adj., full ofspirit, life, or fire ;
animated.adv. spiritedly.n. spir'ltedness.
mOte ; mute ; mOon ; then.
 spiritless
^plritlao, spir'it-les, adj., without spirit, cheer
fulness, or courage : dejected : dead.adv.
plr'itleiily.
spiritual, spir'it-Q-al, adj., consisting of spirit;
having the nature of a spirit ; immaterial : relat
ing to the mind ; intellectual : pertaining to the
soul ; holy ; divine : relating to sacred things ;
not lay or temporal.adv. tplr'ltnally.
ipirituaUam, spirit-Q-al-izm. ., state of being
spiritual: the doctrine that there are spiritu.il
beings not cognisable by the senses: a belief in
the communication of intelligence from the world
of spirits.
spiritualise, spi/it-u-al-Tz, v.t., to make spiritual;
to imbue with spirituality : to refine ; to free
from sensuality: to give a spiritual meaning to:
Pr.p. spiritualising ; Pa.p. spiritualised.
spiritualist, spir'it-Q-al-ist, ., one who has a regard
only to spiritual things: one who holds the doc
trine of spiritualism.
spirituality, spir'it-O-al'i-ti, ., state ofbeing spirit
ual: essence distinct from matter.
spirituous, spir'it-u-us, adj., possessing the qualities
ofspirit: containing spirit; volatile.
Spirt, same as Spurt.
Splry. See under Spire.
Spit, spit, n. lit a pointed piece of wood ; an iron
prong on which meat is roasted.v.t. to thrust
a spit through ; to pierce '.pr.p. spitt'ing ; Pa.p.
spitt'ed. (A.S. spitu; Dutch, spit; Ice. spita,
a peg ; old Ger. spis, a spit, point.]
Spit, spit, v.t. to throw out from the mouth ; to
eject with violence.v.i. to throw out saliva from
the mouth :/r./. spitt'ing; pa.t. and Pa.p.
spit. [A.S. spittan; Dan. spytte; Ice, spyta; L.
sfmto; (jT.ptud; Sans, shthiv.)
spittle, spit'l, n. the moist matter spit or thrown
from the mouth ; saliva.
ipittoon, spit-tGon', n. a vessel for receiving spittle.
Spite, spit, ft. orig. vexation; grudge ; lasting ill-
will ; hatred.v.t. to vex ; to thwart: to hate:
Pr.p. spiting; pa,p. spit'ed. [prob. a corrup
tion of Despite : or from Dutch, spiit, Norw.
spit, vexation, spite.J
spiteful, spit fool, adj.,full of spite; desirous to
vex or injure; malignant.adv. ipite'fnlly..
spite'fulneas.
Spitted, spit'ed, in 27., Pa.p. of Spit, to throw out
from the mouth.
Spittle, Spittoon. See under Spit.
Splash, splash, v.t., to plash or spatter with water
or mud.v.t. to dash about water or any liquid :
pr.p. splash'ing ; pa.p. splashed'.. water or
mud thrown on anything, [akin to Plash : from
the sound.]
splash-board, splash'-bord, n. a board to keep those
in a vehicle from being splashed with mud.
splashy, splash'i, adj., splashing; wet and muddy ;
full of dirty water.
Splay, spl3, v.t. orig. to display: in arch., to slope
or slant: to dislocate the shoulder-bone, [an ab
breviation of Display.]
Spleen, splcn, n. a spongy gland above the kidney,
supposed by the ancients to be the seat of anger
and melancholy : spite; ill-humour: melancholy.
[L. spten; Or. sAlen; Sans, plihan,]
splenetic, spten'e-tik or sple-nct'ik, splenetlcal, sple-
net'ik-al, adj., affected with spleen; peevish;
melancholy.. a splenetic person,adv. epla-
net'loaUr.
fate, far; me, her; mine;
Sponge
splenic, splenlk, adj., pertaining to the spleen.
Splendent, spten'dent, adj., splendid or shining;
bright [L. sMendens, pr.p. ofsplendeo, to shine.]
splendid, splen did, adj. lit shining: magnificent :
famous; illustrious; heroic.adv. splen'didly.
splendour, splen'dur, n. the appearance of anything
splendid; brilliance: magnificence; eminence.
Splenetic, Splenic. See under Spleen.
Splice, Splint, &c. See under Split.
Split, split, v.t. to cleave lengthwise ; to tear asun
der violently ; to divide : to throw into discord.
v.t. to divide or part asunder; to be dashed
to pieces '.pr.p. splitting ; pa.t. and Pa.p. split.
a crack or rent lengthwise. [ Dutch,splitten;
Ger. spletssen ; old Ger. sptizen.]
splice, splls, v.t. lit. to join what has been split;
to unite two ends of a rope by interweaving the
strands :/r.^. spllc'ing; Pa.p. spliced'.. act
of splicing ; joint made by splicing. [Dutch,
splissen; Ger. splissen, splitsen, conn, with Split.)
splint, splint, n. a small piece of wood split off : in
med., a thin piece of wood, &c. for confining a
broken or injured limb: a hard excrescence on
the shank-bone of a horse. v.t. to confine with
splints '.pr.p. splint'ing ; pa.p. splint'cd. [a
nasalised form of Split.]
splinter, splinter, n. a piece of wood or other sub
stance split off.v.t. and i. to split into splinters :
Pr.p. splinPering ; pa.p. splintered.
splintery, splint'er-i, adj., made ofor like splinters.
Spoil, spoil, n. lit. that which is stripped off; that
which is taken by force ; plunder ; pillage ; rob
bery.v.t. to take by force ; to plunder.v.t.
to practise robbery :Pr.p. spoil'ine ; pa.p.
spoiled'. [L. spolium, akin to Gr. skulon, in
pi., skula, arms stripped off an enemy, from
skulls, to skin, nay.]
spoiler, spoil'er, n. , one who spoils ; a plunderer.
spoliate, spO'li-at, v.t., to spoil; to plunder ; to pil
lage.v.i. to practise robbery :/r./.spoliating ;
Pa.p. spO'liiited. [L. spolio, -atumspolium.]
spoliation, spO-li-a'shun, . , act ofspoiling; robbery.
Spoil, spoil, v.t. lit to spill or waste ; to cause to
decay ; to corrupt ; to destroy.v.i. to decay ; to
become useless :~~pr.p. spoiling ; pa.p. spoiled',
[a form of Spill J
spoiler, spoil'er, one who spoils, corrupts, or
renders useless. [for Spoken.
Spoke, spok, pa.t. of Speck : in Scot. V. Ps. used
spoken, spok'n, Pa.p. of Speak. {another.
spokesman, spots'man, n. in B., one who speaksfor
Spoke, spok, n. lit. a spike or splinter; one of the
bars from the nave to the rim of a wheel. [A.S.
spaca ; low Ger. speke ; Ger. speiche ; Norw.
spik, a splinter. See Spike.]
Spoliation. See under Spoil.
Spondee, spon'de> n. in classical poetry, a foot of
two long syllables, as belli. [Fr.; L. s/ondsus;
Gr. spondeiosspondi, a drink-offering, a treaty,
solemn melodies in this metre being then sung
spends. See Spousal.]
spondaic, spon-da'ik, adj., pertaining to, or con
sisting of spondees.
Sponge, spunj, n. the porous framework of an animal,
found attached to rocks, &c. under water, re
markable for its power of sucking up water : an
instrument for cleaning cannon alter a discharge :
the heel of a horse's shoe.v.t. to wipe with a
sponge : to wipe out with a sponge ; to wipe out
completely; to destroy.v.i. to suck in, as a
mote ; mate ; mOOn ; then.
<S5
 sponge-cake Spring
sponge : to gain by mean tricks '.Pr.p. spong'- Spouse, spouz, n. lit. one engaged to be married to
tng; pn.p. sponged'. [A.S.; old Fr. esponge, L. anot/ter; a husband or wife, [old Fr. espcus.
spongia; Gr. sponggia, sponrgos.] It. sposo, L. sponsusspondeo, sponsum, to pro
sponge-cake, spunj'-kuk, . a kind of cake, very mise, to engage for marriage, see Spons&L]
light and sjongy. spousal, spouzal, adj., pertaining to a spouse, or to
spongy, spunj'i, adj.. like a sponge; of an open tex marriage; nuptial; matrimonial.n. usually in
ture : soft and porous : wet and soft : capable of nuptials ; marriage.
imbibing fluids.?;. spong'ineea. Spout, spout, v.t., to spit or throw out violently, as
Spousal, spon'sal, adj., pertaining to a betrothal, from aa pipe
from pipe.v.i. to issue with violence, as
\pr.p. spousing ; pa.p. spout'ed.
a marriage, or a spouse. [L. sfonsalissponsus, *. the projecting
- a betrothalspondee, to promise solemnly which a stream issuesmouth of a vessel from
Gr. spendd, to pour a libation, which was the liquid. [Dutch, spuit, a; spout, a pipe for conducting a
spuilen, to spout ;
custom in making treaties or engagements.]
sponsor, spon'sur, n., one who promises solemnly akin to Spit.]
for another; a surety; a godfather or god Sprain, sprln, v.t. lit. to strain, to squeeze out: to
mother.. ipon'iorthip. [L.J overstrain the muscles of a joint:pr.p. sprain'-
BponjorlsJ, spon-sO'ri-al, adj., pertaining to a spon ing ; Pa.p. sprained'.. an excessive strain of
sor, or sponsorship. the muscles of a joint, [old Fr. espreindre, to
pontaneous, spon-ta ne-us, adj., of one's freewill ; force out, to strainL. exprimo. See Express.]
voluntary ; acting by its own impulse or natural Sprang, past tense of Spring.
law ; produced of itself or without interference. Sprat, sprat, n. lit sprout or spawn ; a sea-fish
adv. sponte'neously. [L. spontaneussponte, like the herring, but much smaller, [old h.
abl. of obs. spans, spontis, lit a pledging one's sprot, Ger. sprottesprossen, to sprout]
selfspondeo.]
spontaneity, spon-ta-nei-ti, n., state or quality of Sprawl, to
sprawl, v.i., to toss or kick about the limbs ;
stretch the body carelessly when lying : to
being spontaneous. spread ungracefully '.pr.p. sprawl ing ; pa.p.
Spool, spSol, n. a cane or reel for winding yarn sprawled'.n. sprawTer. [Dan. spritlie, to toss
upon.v.t. to wind on spools :Pr.p. spool uig ; about the limbs ; prov. E. sprawl, motion.]
Pa.p. spooled', [low Ger. ; Ger. spule ; old Ger. Spray, spra, n. small particles of water sprinkled
spuolo.] or driven by the wind, as from the top of waves,
Spoon, spGon, n. lit a chip of wood : an instrument &c. [A.S. sprengan, spromgan, to sprinkle, to
for supping liquids. [A.S. spon, Ger. span, a wet, spregan, to pour.]
chip ; ice. sp-tnn, a chip, a spoon.]
spoonbill, spoTJn'bil, n. a wading bird like the heron, Spray, spra, n. a sprig or small shoot of a tree ;
the small branches collectively. [A.S, spree.
with a long bill rounded at the end like a spoon. Ice. sprek, a twig; old Ger. spraioh, twigs
spoonful, spOTn'fool, . as much as a spoon con sprahhon, to cut]
tains whenfull; a small quantity. prig, sprig, n. a small shoot or twig.v.t. to
Sport, spor, . a minute grain which serves as a seed embroider with representations of twigs '.pr.p.
in nowerless plants like the fern. [Gr. sporos, a sprigg'ing ; pa.p. sprigged'.
sowing, seedspeirS, to sow. J Spread, spred, v.t., to scatter abroad or in all
Sport, sport, v.i., to disport ; to play ; to frolic : to directions ; to stretch ; to cover a larger surface ;
practise held diversions : to trifle.v.t. to amuse ; toto extend : to cover bystretching something over ;
to make merry : to represent playfully iPr.p. late,overlay : to shoot out, as branches ; to circu
sporting; Pa.p. spOrt'cd.n. that which amuses disease as news ; to cause to affect numbers, as a
or makes merry ; play ; mirth; jest ; contemptuous sions, as: atotable.v.L emit ; to diffuse : to set with provi
to extend or expand in all
mirth: anything for playing with; a toy; idle directions ; to be extended or stretched : to be
jingle : field diversion, [an abbreviation ofDisport.]
sportful, spOrt'fool, adj.,full ofsport ; merry; full propagated or circulated 'pr.p. spreading ;
ofjesting.adv. sport folly.n. iport fulness. pa.t. and Pa.p. spread.n. extent ; compass : ex
porting, sport'ing, adj., relating to or engaging in pansion of parts. [A.S. sprrrdan; Ger. spreiten,
sports.adv. iport Ingly. akin to breiten, to make broadbrtit, broad.]
sportive, sporr/iv, adj., inclined to sport ; playful; Sprig. See under Spray, a sprig.
merry.adv. sportively.n. sport'lrenesa
sportsman, sports'man, n., one who practises, or one Sprightly, sprltli, adj., spirit-like; airy; full of
life; lively; brisk.n. sprlghtHaeas. Upright
skilled in fte\d-sporls. [Sport, and Man.)
sportsmanship, sports'man-ship, ., practice or skill Spring, spring,Seev.i.
for spirit. Bprite.]
to bound; to leap: to rush
ofa sportsman. hastily ; to move suddenly by elastic force : to
Spot, spot, n. lit. something spit ; a mark made by issue with speed or violence ; to start up sud
a drop of wet matter ; a blot ; a discoloured place ; denly: to break forth; to appear; to issue;
a small part of a different colour : a small extent to come into existence : in B. , to rise, as the
of space ; any particular place : something that sun.v.t. to cause to spring up ; to start : to
soils; a stain on character or reputation.v.t. produce quickly ; to contrive on a sudden : to
to mark with drops of wet ; to stain ; to dis explode, as a mine : to open, as a leak ; to
colour : to taint ; to tarnish, as reputation :--pr./>. crack, as a mast :pr.p. spring ing ; pa.t. sprung,
spotting ; pa.p. spott'ed. [akin to Bprt and sprang ; pa.p. sprung.n. a leap ; a flying back
Spatter ; Dutch, spatten, to bespatter, spat, a with elastic force ; elastic power : an elastic
drop of what is splashed.] body : any active power : that by which action
spotless, spot'les, adj., without a spot; untainted ; is produced : cause or origin : a source ; a foun
pure.adv. spotlessly.n. spot'lessness. tain : in B. , the dawn : the time when plants
spotted, spot'ed, spotty, spot'i, adj., marked with begin to spring up and grow, the vernal season
spots or discoloured places. March, April, May: a starting of a plank in
fate, far ; me, her ; mine ; mOte ; mute ; moon ; Men.
 springe
a vessel; a crack in a mast. [A.S. springs*;
Ger. springen.]
springe, spnnj, n. a snare with a spring-noosc ; a
pin.v.t. to catch in a springe :pr,p, spring
ing ; pa.fi. springed'. [prov. E. sfiringle, Ger.
sprint*!.]
springy, spring!, adj., pertaining to or like a
spring; elastic ; nimble : abounding with springs
or fountains.n. springiness,
spring-tide, spring'-tid, n., a tide which springs or
rises higher than ordinary tides, after new and
full moon.
Sprinkle, springtl, v.t. to scatter in small drops or
particles ; to scatter on : to baptise with a few
drops of water ; to purify.v.i. to scatter in
drops.n. a small quantity sprinkled.. sprink
ler, [dim. of prov. E. sprinke, springe, A.S.
sprengan, Dutch, sprenhelen.]
Sprit, sprit, ., that -which stretches out and sup
ports ; nan/., a spar set diagonally to extend a
fore-and-aft sail. [A.S. spreot, Ger. spreise
spreiisen, to stretch or extend.]
Sprite, sprit, a spirit; a shade; a ghost, [a
corr. of Spirit.J
Sprout, sprout, n. a germ or young shoot '.pi.
young shoots from old cabbages.v.i. to shoot ;
to push out new shoots :Pr.p. sprout'ing ; Pa.p.
sprout'ed. [A.S. spreot, spryt, a sprout, spreo-
tan, Ger. spriessen, to sprout.]
Spruce, sprCOs, adj. smart; neat.adv. sprucely.
n. spruce nesa. [a corr. of Prussian: or akin
to prov. E. sprach, active, lively ; sparh, a smart,
gaily-dressed fellow ; Ice. sparhr, brisk.]
Spruce-beer, sprOOs'-ber, beer flavoured with a
decoction of the shoots of certain trees, esp. of the
Norway spruce. [Ger. sprossen-bUrsprossen,
young shoots of treessfiriessen, to sprout.]
spruce-fir, sprOoV-fer, n. the fir-tree whose shoots
were most used for making spruce-Seer; a genus
of firs often growing to a great size. [gen. given
the Prussianjir, from old E. spruce, Prussian.]
Sprung, past tense and pastParticiple of Spring.
Spue, spa, v.t. lit. to spit out; in B., to vomit ; to
cast forth with abhorrence :pr.p. spiling ; pa.p.
spued'. [A.S. spiwan, Dutch, spuwett, akin to
L. spuo, Gr. ptud, to spit outrout, /.'.'<,]
spume, spurn, n. scum or froth spewed or thrown up
by liquids: foam.v.i. to throw up scum; to
foam ',pr.p. spuming ; Pa.p. spumed'. [L.
spumaspuo.]
spumous, spum'us, spumy, spurn i, adj. consisting of
spume or froth ; frothy ; foamy.
Spun, past tense and pastparticiple of Spin.
Spunk, spungk, n. lit. a chip ofwood; wood easily
set on fire. [A.S. spon, a chip, spoon, chips.]
Spur, spur, *. lit. a marh made by pressure with the
Joot; an instrument on a horseman's heels, with
sharp points for goading the horse : that which
goads or instigates: something projecting; the
hard projection on a cock's leg : a small range
of mountains extending laterally from a larger
range.v.t. to urge on with spurs: to urge
onward ; to impel : to put spurs on.v.i. to press
forward ; to travel in great haste :Pr.p. spurr/-
ing ; pa.p, spurred'. [A.S. spura, spora, Gael.
spor; Ger. spom; Ice. spor, footmark.]
spur-wheel, spur - hwOl, n. in mech., a wheel with
the cogs on the face of the edge like a spur*
Spurge, spurj, n. a class of acrid plants with a
milky juice, used forPurging or takingoffwarts.
fate, far; meYhex; mine;
Square
[old Fr. espurgeespurger, L. expurgare, to
purgeex, off, Pnrgo, to clear. See Purge.]
Spurious, spur'i-us, adj., illegitimate; bastard:
not genuine ; false-adv. spur iously.n. pur/-
ioasnem [L. spurius ,- akin to Gr. spora, a be
getting of childrensjkeird, to sow.]
Spurn, spurn, v.t. to drive away as with the sfur
orfoot; to kick : to reject with disdain.v.i. to
kick up the heels : to shew disdain '.pr.p.
spurn'ing ; Pa.p. spurned'.. disdainful rejec
tion. [A.S. spuman, from Spur.]
Spurt, spurt, v.t., to sprout, spout, or send out in a
sudden stream, as water.v.i. to gush out sud
denly in a small stream ; to flow out forcibly or
at intervals :pr.p. spurVing; pa.p. spurt'ed.
n. a sudden or violent gush of a liquid from an
opening ; a jet. [Spurt, orig. = Sprout ; Dutch,
spruiten, to sprout, Sw. spruta, to spirt.]
sputter, sput'er, v.i., to spit in small drops, as in
rapid speaking ; to throw out moisture in scat
tered drops : to speak rapidly and indistinctly.
v.t. to throw out with haste and noise; to
utter hastily and indistinctly :Pr.p. sputt ering ;
Pa.p. sputtered.. moist matter thrown out in
particles, [dim. of Spit and Spout ; low Ger.
sputtem, to sputter.]
Spy, spT, v.t., to see; to discover, generally at a
distance : to discover by close search ; to inspect
secretly '.pr.p. sp/ing ; Pa.p. spied'.n. one
sent into an enemy's country or camp to find
out their strength. &c. ; one who keeps a watch
on others; one who secretly conveys informa
tion. [Fr. efiier, Sp. espiar. It. spiare; from
Ger. sj>dhen, old Ger. sfi/hon, to see, to spy;
akin to L. specie, to see. Sans, spafa, a spy.]
spy-glass, spl'-glas, n., a glassfor spying; a small
telescope.
Squabble, skwobl, v.i. to dispute in a noisy
manner , to wrangle :pr.p. squabb ling ; Pa.p.
squabb'led.n. a noisy, petty quarrel ; a brawl.
n. squabbler, [akin to low Ger. kabbeln, to
quarrel ; Dutch, kabbelen, to dash, as waves :
from the sound of dashing water.]
Squadron, xkwod'run, n. orig. a square of troops ;
a body of cavalry of about two hundred meu : a
number of ships on a particular service or station.
[Fr. escadron; It. squadron*, squadra; from L.
quadrus, squarequatuor, four.]
squad, skwod, n. lit. a squadron: a small body of
men assembled for drill. [Fr. escouade.]
Squalid, skwol'id, adj., stiff with dirt; filthy.
adv. squalidly.n. squal'idness. [L. squalidus
squaleo, to be stiff; akin to Gr. shelld, to dry.]
squalor, skwalor, *., state ofbeing squalid ; dirti
ness; filthiness. [L.]
Squall, skwawl, v.i., to cry out violently '.pr.p,
squalling ; Pa.fi. squalled'.n. a loud cry or
scream: a violent gust of wind. [Ice. squala;
It. and Gael, sgal, to shriek : from the sound.]
squally, skwawl't, adj., abounding or disturbed
with squalls or gusts of wind ; gusty.
Squalor. See under Squalid.
Squander, skwon'dcr, v.t. to spend lavishly or waste-
fully '.pr.p. squandering ; pa.p. squandered.
. squan'derer. [Ger. schwenden, now verseh-
wenden ; old Ger. suandianswindan, to vanish:
or a nasalised form of E. squatter, a form of
spatter, to splash, to disperse.]
Square, skwar, adj. having four equal sides and
angles : forming a right angle : having a straight
mOte ; mute ; mCOn ; Men.
467
 Squat Stair
front or an outline formed by straight lines. liability, sta-bil'i-tl, state ofbeing stabU ; firm
n. that which is square : a square figure : a four- ness ; steadiness ; immovability.
sided space enclosed by houses : a square body ttablish, stab'iish, v.t., to make stable: in B., to
of troops : the length of the side of any figure establish :fir.fi. stab'lishing ; fia.fi. stablished.
squared : an instrument for measuring right stable, sta'bl, . lit. a stattding-filace : a building
angles : in arilh., the product of a quantity mul for horses and cattle.-^z/./. to put or keep in a
tiplied by itself.v.t. to form like a square : to stable.v.i. to dwell in a stable:ftr.fi. sia'b-
form with four equal sides and angles : in arilh. , ling; fia.fi. sta'bled. [old Fr. citable; L. stabu-
to multiply by itself: naut., to place at right lum, from sto, to stand.]
angles with the keel :pr.fi. squar'ing ; fia.fi. tabling, stalling, ., act offintting into a stable;
squared'.n. iquare'iieM. [old Fr. esquarre, ft. accommodation for horses and cattle.
squadra, a square ; L. quadratus, pa.p. of qua- Stack, stak, . lit. that which sticks out; a large
aro, to squarequaluor, four.) pile of hayf corn, wood, &c. : a number of chim
Squat, skwot, v.i. to sit down upon the hams or neys standing together.v.t. to pile into a stack
heels; to cower, as an animal: to settle on new or stacks :fir.fi. stack'ing ; fia.fi. stacked'.
land without title -fr.fi. squatt'ing ; fia.fi. [Dan. stak. Ice. stakr; Gael, stac, a precipice :
squatt'ed.n. squatt'er. [prov. it. quat, to squat ; conn, with Stick.]
It. quatto, Sp. cacho, coweringL. coactus, pa.p. itack-yaxd, stak'-yard, at. a yard for stacks.
otcogocon, together, and ago, to drive.] Staff, staf, n. lit. that which stabs; a stick carried
Squeak, skwk, v.i. to utter a shrill, and usually for support or defence ; a prop ; a long piece of
short cry '.-fir.fi. squeak'ing ; fia.fi. squeaked'. wood; pole; a flag-staff; the long handle of an
n. a sudden, shrill cry. [Sw. sqvdkva, to croak; instrument : a stick or ensign of authority : the
Ger. quicken, to squeak : from the sound.]
Squeal, skwfl, v.i. to utter a shrill, and prolonged five lines and spaces for music : a stanza (the
previous meanings have staffs or staves, stavzj :
sound '.~-fir.fi. squeal'ing : fia.fi. squealed'. [Sw, an establishment of officers acting together in an
sqvala, to cry out: from the sound.] army, csp. that attached to the commander ; a
Squeamish, skwem'ish, adj. lit. choking; sickish at similar establishment of persons in any under
stomach: easily disgusted or offended; fasti taking (the last two meanings have fil. staffs,
dious in taste.-adv. squeam'isbly.tu qneam'lsh- stafs). [A.S. staf; Ice. stafr; Ger. stab ; Gael.
ness. [prov. Dan. sivalm, choking vapour ; Ger. stob, a stab, pointed stick.]
qualm, smoke ; Dan. quale, to choke : akin to Stag, stag, . the male deer, esp. one of the red
Qualmish,] deer. [Ice. steggr, gander, male of several ani
Squeeze, skwez, v.i., io crush or press between two mals ; Scot, stag, a young horse.]
bodies: to oppress : to embrace closely : to force staghound, stag'hound, ., a Jiound used in hunting
through a small hole; to cause to pass.v.i. to the stag or deer.
push between close bodies ; to press ; to crowd :
~-fir.fi. squeez'ing ; fia.fi. squeezed'.ft. act of Stage, staj, ft. lit. that on which a thing stands ;
squeezing; pressing between bodies. [A.S. cwy- an elevated platform, esp. in a theatre : theatre ;
theatrical representations ; any place of exhibi
san ; Ger. quetschen; old Ger. queszon.] tion, or performance : a place of rest on a jour
Squib, skwib, n. a paper tube filled with combus ney or road ; distance between places : degree of
tibles, thrown up into the air burning and burst firogress. [old Fr. estage, the story of a house ;
ing ; a lampoon, [prov. . a child's squirt.] rom a L. form slaticussto, to stand.]
Squill, skwil, n. a genus of bulbous plants allied stage-coach, st "tj'-koch, . a coach that runs regularly
to the onion, one species ofwhich affords a valu with passengers from stage to stage.
able medicine. [L. squilla, scilla, Gr. skilla.] stage-player, staj'-pla-er, ., a filayer on the stage.
Squint, skwint, adj. looking obliquely ; having the taging, staj'imj, n. a stage or structure for work
vision distorted.v.i. to look obliquely; to have men in building.
the vision distorted.v.t. to cause to squint: Stagger, stag'er, v.i. to reel from side to side ;
fir.fi. squint'ing ; fia.fi. squint'ed.n. act or to begin to give way : to begin to doubt ; to hesi
habit of squinting : an oblique look: distortion tate.v.t. to cause to reel: to cause to doubt
of vision. [Fr. guigner, akin to Askance, Askew.] or hesitate ; to shock :fir.fi. stagg'cring ; fia.fi.
Squire, same as Eiqulre. stagg ered, [old Dutch, staggerenstaken, to
Squirrel, skwiKel, . a nimble reddish-brown rodent stop ; Ice. stakra, to totter, staka, to stumble.]
animal with a bushy, sltady tail, [old Fr. esquir- Stagnate, stag'nat, v.i., to form a pool of standing
rel, escurel; low L. sciuriolus, dim. ofsciurius, water; to cease to flow : to cease to be brisk :
Gr. skiourosskin, shade, oura, tail.] ~-fir.fi. stagnating; fia.fi. stagnated. [L.
stagno, stagftatumsto, to stand.]
Squirt, skwert, v.t. to throw out water in a stream stagnant,
from a narrow opening:fir.fi. squirt'ing; fia.fi. motionless stagnant, adj., stagnating; not flowing;
squirt'ed.. a small instrument for squirting : a brisk ; impure from being motionless : not
small, quick stream. [Norw. sqttiitra; old Sw. stagnation,dull.adv.
; stag nantly,
stag-na'shun, act of stagnating;
squdttra, to scatter : from the sound.]
Btab, stab, v.t. lit to stick or kill with a pointed Staid. Sec under Stay. or motionless : dulness.
state of being stagnant
staff; to wound : to injure secretly, or by false
hood or slander.v.i. to give a stab, or a mortal Stain, stan, v.t., to tinge or colour ; to give a diffe
wound '.-fir.fi. stabb'ing ; fia.fi. stabbed'.. rent colour to; to dye: to mark with guilt or
wound with a pointed weapon ; an injury given infamy ; to bring reproach on : to sully : to
secretly. [Gael, stop, stab. See Staff.] tarnish:^r./. stain'ing; fia.fi. stained'.#. a
Stable, sta'bl, adj.-, that stands firm, or immov discoloration ; a spot : taint of guilt ; cause of
reproach
able ; firmly established ; durable : firm in pur stainless, stin'les, ; shame, [an abbreviation of Distain.]
pose, or character ; constant.adv. ta'bly.n. adj., without or free from stain.
sta'bleneas. [Fr. ; L. stabilis, from sto, to stand.] Stair, star, n. lit. an ascent ; orig. a scries of steps
fate, far; me, her; mine; roOte ; mate; mOon; Men.
 staircase
for ascending to a higher level: one of such steps;
a flight of steps, only in //. [A.S. stager
stigan, to ascend; Gcr. steigen, a slope, steps;
Ice. stigi, a ladder.]
staircase, staVkas, . a case or flight ofstairs with
balusters, &c.
Stake, stak, n. a strong stick pointed at one end ;
one of the upright pieces of a fence : a post to
which an animal is tied, csp. that to which a
martyr was tied to be burned ; martyrdom : any
thing pledged in a wager.v.t. to fasten, or
pierce with a stake ; to mark the bounds of
with stakes : to wager ; to hazard :Pr.p. stall
ing ; Pa.p. staked'. [A.S. stace. See Stick..]
Stalactite, sta-lak'tTt, u, a cone of carbonate of lime,
hanging like an icicle, in a cavern, formed by
the dripping of water containing carbonate of
lime. [Fr.Gr. stalaktos, droppingstalazd,
to drip, to drop.]
stalactlc, sta-lak'tik, stalactltlc, sta-lak-tit'ik, adj.,
having theform, or properties ofa stalactite.
stalagmite, sta-lag'inlt, . a cone of carbonate of
lime on the floor of a cavem formed by the
dripping of water from the roof. [Fr.Gr. stal~
agmos, a droppingstalazd. ]
stalagmitle, sta-iag-mit'ik, adj., having theform of
stalagmites.
Stale, stal, adj. lit. having been long standing;
too long kept ; tainted ; vapid or tasteless from
age, as beer: not new: worn out by age; de
cayed : no longer frcfh ; trite.n. stale neat.
[A.S. stalt a place.]
Stale, st&l, v.i. to make water, as beasts \~pr.p.
stal'mg; pa.p. staled . [Ger. stalienstall,
A.S. steail, a stable.]
Stalk, stawk, ., that whichfixes or raises up ; the
stem of a plant ; the stem on which a flower or
fruit grows; the stem of a quill. [Ice. stilkr;
Ger. stielstellen, to set, to place ; Gr. stelechos
stellS, to set or place ; akin to next word.]
stalk, stawk, v.i., to walk as on stilts ; to walk with
long, slow steps ; to walk behind a stalking-horse ;
to pursue game by approaching behind covers.
v.t. to approach secretly in order to.kill, as deer :
pr.p. stalk ing ; Pa.p. stalked'.n. stalker.
[A.S. stalcan stealc, high, elevated; Dan.
stalke, to walk with long steps.]
stalking-horse, stawk'ing-hors, ., a horse behind
which a sportsman bides while stalking game :
a mask or pretence.
Stall, stawl, . a place where a horse or other
animal stands and is fed; a division of a stable
for a single animal ; a stable : a bench or table
on which articles are exposed for sale: the seat
of a church dignitary iu the choir: a reserved
seat in a theatre.v.t. to put or keep in a stall:
pr.p. stall'ing ; pap. stalled'. [A. S. steall, Ice.
stallr; old Ger. stetlan, stallan, to stand ; akin
to Gr. and L. root sla, Sans. sthat to stand.]
tallage, stawl'aj, n. liberty of erecting stalls in a
fair or market ; rent paid for this liberty.
stall-feed, stawl -fed, v.t., to feed and fatten in a
stall or stable, esp. on dry fodder.
stallion, stat'yun, n. lit. a horse kept in the stall
without being made to work ; a horse not cas
trated. [It. stattonestalla, a stall.]
Stalwart, stawl'wart, adj. lit steel-hearted ; bold ;
brave. [A.S. stalweorth, prob. from A.S. stal-
ferhth, steel-heartedBteel, and forhth, the
mind.]
Stamen, sta'men, n. {pi. stamens) lit. a thread;
fate, far ; mC, her ; mine J
standard
one of the male organs of a flower which pro
duce the pollen ttam'ina, the principal
strength of anything ; the Arm part of a body
which supports the whole. [L. stamen, pL sta
mina, thread, fibre ; Gr. stemdn, the warp of
a webstinai, to stand.]
Stammer, stam'er, v.i., to stand or halt in one's
speech : to falter in speaking ; to stutter.v.t. to
utter with hesitation :pr.p. stamm'ering : pa.p.
stamm'cred.n. hesitation in speech ; defective
utterance.. stamm'ersr. [AS. stamer, stam
mering: Gcr. stammeln stemmen, to halt;
akin to Ice. stamra, to be silent.]
Stamp, stamp, v.i., to step or plant the foot firmly
down.v.t. to strike with the sole of the foot,
by thrusting it down : to impress with some
mark or figure : to imprint ; to fix deeply : to
coin ; to form '.pr.p. stamp'ing ; Pa.p. stamped'.
n. the act of stamping; the mark made by
pressing something on a soft body ; an incre
ment for making impressions on other bodies ;
that which is stamped : an official mark put on
things chargeable with duty as proof that the
duty is paid : an instrument for cutting mate
rials into a certain shape by a downward pres
sure : cast; form; character: a heavy hammer
worked by machinery for crushing metal ores.
k. stamper. [Gcr. stamp/en; akin to stapfen,
to step firmly ; Ice. stappa, to stamp : a nasalised
form of Step. ]
stampede, stam-pea", n. a sudden fright seizing on
large bodies of horses or other cattle, causing
them to stamp and run. [Sp. estampeda ; low
Ger. stampen, to stamp.]
Stanch, stansh, v.t. lit. to make stagnant; to stop
the flowing of, as blood. v.i. in B., to cease to
flow:Pr.p. stanch'ing; Pa.p. stanched'.adj.,
constant; trusty: zealous: sound; firm.adv.
stanch'ly.. stanch'ness. [old Fr. estancher, low
L. stancare, to stanchL, stagno, stagnare, to
be or make stagnant. See Stagnant.]
stanchion, stan'shun, ., a stay, a prop, or support :
riant., an upright beam used as a support, [old
Fr. estanconold Fr. cslancer to stop.]
Stand, stand, v.i., to stop, to cease to move; to be
stationary : to occupy a certain position : to
stagnate : to be at rest ; to be fixed in an up
right position : to have a position or rank : to
be in a particular state ; to maintain an attitude ;
to be fixed or firm : to keep one's ground : to
remain unimpaired; to endure: to agree; to
consist : to depend or be supported : to offer
one's self as a candidate : to have a certain
direction; to hold a course at sea. v.t. to
endure ; to sustain : to suffer ; to abide by :
Pr.p. stand ing ; pa.t. and Pa.p. stood.is.
stand'er. [A.S. standan, Ger. stehen, old Ger.
stan, L. sto, sisto, Gr. stinai. Sans, stha, to
stand.]Stand against, to resist:by, to support :
fast, to be unmoved :for, to be a candidate for;
nant., to direct the course towards :out, to
project :to, in B., to agree to :op, to rise from
a sitting posture :upon, in />'., to attack :
with, to be consistent.
stand, stand, . a place where one stands or re
mains for any purpose ; a place beyond which
one does not go : an erection for spectators :
something on which anything rests : a stop ;
a difficulty : resistance.
standard, stand ard, ., that which stands or is
fixed, as a ride ; that which is established as a
rule or model : a staff with a flag ; an ensign of
mote ; mute ; moon ; then.
480
 standing
war: in iw/., a standing tree, not supported
by a wall.adj., of or relating to a standard;
according to some standard : legal ; usual. [AS.]
stand'ing, adj. established ; settled : per
ilt ; fixed : stagnant : being erect.n. con-
nce ; existence : place to stand in ; position
in society.
it&ndiaa, stand'ish, n.t a standing dish for pen and
ink. [Stand, and Dish.]
Stannary, stan'ar-i, adj., ofor relating to tin-mines
or works.n. a tin-mine. [L. stannum, tin.]
stannic, stan'ik, adj., pertaining to, or procured
from tin.
Stanza, stan'za, m. lit. a station or resting-place :
in /oe/o'. a scries of lines or verses connected
with and adjusted to each other ; a division of a
poem containing every variation of measure in
the poem. [It. stanza, a stopL. stans, pr.p.
of L. sto, to stand.]
Staple, st&'pl, n. orig. a settled mart or market : the
principal production of a district or country : the
principal element: the thread of textile fabrics ;
unmanufactured material : a loop of iron for
holding a pin, bolt, &c.adj. established in com
merce : regularly produced for market. [AS.
stapul, stapel, a prop, a table ; Ger. stapeI,
a heap, mart ; L. stabilis, fixed. See Stable.]
tapler, stl'pler, n. a dealer.
Star, star, ft. one of the bright bodies in the
heavens, except the sun and moon : strictly as
distinguished from a planet, one of the bodies
which keep the same relative position in the
heavens : a representation of a star worn as a
badge of rank or honour : a person of brilliant or
attractive qualities : in print., an asterisk ( * ).
y.t. to set with stars; to bespangle.v.t. to
shine, as a star ; to attract attention '.pr.p.
starring ; Pa.p. starred', [old . stem, A.S.
steorra, L. stella, for sterna or steria, Gr.
astir, Sans, stri, prob. from stri,to strew, either
from the stars being considered strewers of light,
or as strewed in the sky.]
tar-fish, stir'-fish, ft. a marine animal usually in
the form of a five-rayed star.
star-gazer, staV-gaz-er, ft., on* who gazes at the
stars ; an astrologer ; an astronomer,
starred, stard, adj., adorned or studded with stars.
starry, start, adj., abounding or adorned with
stars ; consisting of or proceeding from the stars ;
like or shining like the stars.n. starr'lneM.
Starboard, stai^bOrd, ft. lit. the steering side ; the
right-hand side of a ship looking toward the
bow.adj. pertaining to, or lying on the right
side of a ship. [A.S. steorborasteoran, to
steer, bord, a board, border, side.]
Starch, starch, adj., stark, stiff; precise.. stiff
ness ; formality. [A.S. stearc, stark, Ger. st&rke
stdrken, to strengthen.]
starch, starch, n. lit. that which makes stark or
stiff; a glistering white powder, forming when
wet a sort of gum much used for stiffening
cloth.v.t. to stiffen with starch :pr.p. starch
ing; Pa.p. starched'
starched,. starcht,
stai adj., stiffened with starch ; stiff;
formal.adj. starch'edly. n. starch edncse.
Etarcby, starch'i, adj., consisting 0/or like starch :
stiff; .
Stan, star, v.i., to look at with a stark or Jixed
gaze, as in horror, astonishment, &c; to look
hxedly.v.t. to influence by gazing \pr.p.
staVing; pa.p. stared'.. a fixed look. [AS.
fate, far ; me, her ; 1
490
statesmanlike
station ; Ger. starrmt to be stiff or rigid, to
starestarr, stark, rigid.]
Stark, stark, adj., stiff: gross; absolute; entire.
adv. absolutely ; completely.adv. starkly.
[A.S. stearc, Ger. stark, old Ger. starach, from
starr, stiff.]
Starling, starling, Stan, star, ft. a bird about the
size of the blackbird ; prob. so called from the
stars or spots on its plumage, [prov. Ger. start,
stam ; A.S. starr, steam; L. stumus.)
Start, start, v.i., to move sudden/y aside ; to wince :
to deviate ; to begin.v.t. to cause to move sud
denly ; to disturb suddenly : to rouse suddenly
from concealment : to set in motion : to call forth ;
to invent or discover; to move suddenly from its
place ; to loosen : to empty : to pour em :pr.p.
start'ing ; pa.p. start'ed. . a sudden movement ;
a sudden motion of the body ; a sudden rousing
to action; an unexpected movement ; a sally; a
sudden fit ; a quick spring ; the first motion from
a point or place ; the outset [low Ger. sLorten,
Ger. st&rzen, from sturz, a fall.]
starter, start'er, n.t one who starts.
startle, start!, v.i., to start or move suddenly; to
feel sudden alarm.v.t. to excite suddenly ; to
shock; to frighten :Pr.p. startling;/*./, startled.
ft. sudden alarm or surprise, [inten. of Start.]
Starve, starv, v.i., to die of hunger or cold ; to suffer
extreme hunger or want ; to be in want of any*
thing necessary.v.t. to kill with hunger or cold :
to destroy by want ; to deprive of power '.pr.p.
standing \Pa.p. starved'. [AS. steor/an, Dutch,
sterven, Ger. sterben, to die, allied to starr, stiff
with cold. See Stars..]
starvation, star-vi'shun, n., act ofstarving: state
of being starved.
itarvellag, startling, adj., perishing or pining 0/
starvation; hungry: lean; weak.. a thin,
weak, pining animal or plant.
State, stit, n. lit. a standing; position ; condition ;
situation ; circumstances at any time : the whole
body ofpeople under one government ; the public ;
a republic ; the civil power : estate, one of the
classes of persons in a country ; a body of men
united by profession : rank, quality ; pomp ; dig
nity :pi. the bodies constituting the legislature
ofa country.adj. belonging to the state ; public ;
royal : ceremonial ; pompous ; magnificent,v.t.
to set forth ; to express the details of ; to set down
fully and formally ; to narrate ; to set in order ;
to settle pr.p. stat'ing ; pa.p. stated, [old Fr.
estat ^Fr. itat), L. status, from sto, slatum, Gr.
stinai. Sans. sth4, to stand]
stated, stated, adj., settled; established; fixed;
regular. adv. stat edly.
stately, statli, adj., shewing state or dignity;
majestic ; grand.n. stateImam
statement, stat'ment, n.. the act of stating: that
which is stated ; a narrative or recital
state-paper, starZ-piL-per, n. an official paper or doc
ument relating to affairs of state.
state-prisoner, stat'-prizn-er, ft., a prisoner confined
for offences against the state.
state-room, stat'-rTOm, ft., a stately room in a palace
or mansion; principal room in the cabin of a
ship.
statesman, stats'man, ft., a man acquainted with
the affairs of the stale or of government ; one
skilled in government ; one employed in public
affairs ; a politician.n. staWmanabip.
stats'man-llk, adj., like a statesman.
 statics
it*tics, startles, n. the science which treats of the
properties of bodies when standing still or at
rest. [Gr. statikistinai.\
static, startle, statical, stat'ik-al, adj., pertaining
to statics; pertaining to bodies at rest or in
equilibrium : resting ; acting by mere weight,
station, stu'shun, . Tit. a standing; the place
where a person or thing stands ; post assigned ;
appointed department of public duty : position ;
office ; situation ; occupation ; business : state ;
rank ; condition in life : character : the place
where railway trains come to a stand ; a district
or branch police-office.v.t. to assign a station
to; to set ; to appoint to a post, place, or office :
Pr.p. sta'tioning ; Pa.p. stationed. [L. statio.)
stationary, sta'shun-ar-i, adj., pertaining to a
station; standing; fixed; settled; acting from
or in a fixed position (as an engine) ; not pro
gressing or retrogressing ; not improving.
stationsr, sta'shun-er, n. orig. a bookseller, from
occupying a stand or station as a shop ; one who
sells paper and other articles used in writing.
stationary, stashun-er-i, adj., belonging to a
stationer.. the articles sold by stationers.
statistics, sta-tist/iks, ft. a collection of facts and
figures regarding the state or condition of a
people, class, &c. ; the science which treats of
the collection and arrangement of statistics.
statistic, sta-tisr'ik, statistical, sta-tist'ik-al, adj.,
Pertaining to, or containing statistics.adv.
statistically.
atasua, stat'Q, n. lit. that -which, is made to stand
or is set up ; a likeness of a living being carved
out of some solid substance ; an image. [Fr. ; It.,
L. statuastatuo, to cause to standsto.\
statuary, stat'Q-ar-i, n., the art ofcarvingstatues ;
a statue or a collection ofstatues : one who makes
statues; onewho deals in statues. [L. statuarius.]
statuesque, stat-Q-esk', adj., like a statue. [Fr.J
statuette, stat-Q-er/, ., a small statue. [Fr.]
stature, stat'ur, n. lit. a standingupright ; an upright
posture ; the height of any animal. (L. statura.]
statu, sta tus, n., state ; condition ; rank. [L.]
statute., star/Qt, n., that which is set up; a law of
the government of a state ; a written law: the
act of a corporation or its founder, intended as a
permanent rule or law. [L. statutumstatuo.}
statutable, stat/Gt-abl, adj., made by statute;
according to statute.adv. atafuubly.
statutory, stat'ut-or-i, adj., enacted by statute; de
pending on statute for its authority.
Staunch, stlnsh, same as Stanch.
Stave, stav, a staff; one of the pieces of which
a cask is made : a staff or part of a piece of
music; a stanza.v.t. to break a stave or the
staves of : to break ; to burst ; to drive off, as
with a staff; to delay XPr.p. stiv'ing ; pa.t. and
pa.p. staved' or stove, [from Staff.]
Stay, sti, v.t., to stand; to remain ; to abide for
any time : to continue in a state : to wait : to ceaso
acting : to dwell : to trustv.t. to cause to stand ;
to stop ; to restrain : to delay : to prevent from
falling ; to prop ; to support '.pr.p. staying ; pa.t.
and pa.p. staid, stayed'.n. continuance in a
place ; abode for a time ; stand, stop ; a fixed
state : in B., a stand-still : prop ; support : a large,
strong rope supporting the mast of a ship :
a kind of stiff inner waistcoat worn by females.
[Dan. staa, Ger. stehen, old Fr. estayer, esteir,
Prov. estarL. sto, stare, to stand.]
staid, stail, adj., staying or standingstill; steady ;
sober ; grave.adv. staidly.. stald'ness.
fate, far ; mi, her ; mine ;
Steep
Stead, sted, n. lit. a standing-place; the place
which another had or might nave. [A.S. stede,
Dan. stad, Ger. statt, Goitx.staths, Ice. stada, a
standing, stedja, to place, allied to station.]
steadfast, stcd'fast, adj., fast in place; firmly
fixed or established ; firm ; constant ; resolute ;
steady.adv. steadfastly.. stead fastness.
steady, sted'i, adj. (comp. stead ier, superl. stead -
\as%),Jirm in standing or in place ; fixed ; stable ;
constant : resolute ; consistent ; regular ; uniform.
adv. steadily.n. stead'lness.
steady, sted'i, v.t., to make steady; to make or
keep firm '.pr.p. stead'ying ; pa.p. steadied.
Steak, stak, n. a slice of meat (csp. beef}, that can
be stuck on a sharp point and held before the
fire. [A.S. slices, a piece, a steak, Ger. stuck,
Ice. stycki, a piece; Ice. steik, broiled meat,
steikja, to broil : probably a form of Stick.]
Steal, stfil, v.t., to take away silently; to take by
theft, or feloniously; to take away without notice:
to gain or win by address or by gradual means.
v.t. to practise theft ; to take feloniously ; to pass
secretly; to slip in or out unperceived:pr.p.
stealing ; Pa.t. stole ; pa.p. stGl'en.n. steal er.
[A.S. stelna, to be still, to steal, Ger. stehlen,
Goth, stilan. Ice. stela; akin to StUL]
stealth, stclth, n.. the act of stealing; a secret
manner of bringing anything to pass.
stealthy, stclth'i, adj., done by stealth; unper
ceived ; secret.adv. stealth'ily.n. stealth'iaess.
Steam, stern, n. lit, vapour; the vapour into
which water is changed when heated to the
boiling-point ; the mist formed by condensed
vapour : any exhalation.v.t. to rise or pass off
in steam or vapour; to move by steam.v.t. to
expose to steam:pr.p. steam'ing;/./. steamed'.
I A. S. stem, Dutch, stoom, dom, damp, steam,
Dan. damp, Ger. damp/, vapour. See Damp.]
steam-boat, stem'-bGt, steamship, stem'-ship, steam-
vessel, stcm'-vcs-cl, n.t a boat, ship, or vesselpro
pelled by steam.
steam-engine, stem'-eo-jin, ., an engine moved by
steam.
steamer, stSm'er, n., a vessel moved by steam : a
vessel in which articles arc steamed,
steamy, stc"m'i, ouij., consisting o/, or like steam;
full of steam or vapour.
Steed, sted, n. one of a stud; a horse or stallion,
esp. a spirited horse. [A.S. stca'astood, a stud.
See Stud.]
Steel, stil, n. lit, edge metal; iron combined with
carbon for making edged tools : any instrument
of steel ; an instrument of steel for sharpening
knives on : extreme hardness : a chalybeate
medicine.adj. made of steeLv.t. to overlay
or edge with steel : to harden ; to make obdur
ate .pr.p. steering; pa.p. steeled'. [A.S. styI,
Ice. stat, Ger. stahlstachel, an edge or point.]
steelyard, stcTyard, n. a weighing-machine consist
ing of ayard or bar ofsteelresting on a fulcrum.
Bteep, step, adj. lit. that causes one to/all; rising
or descending with great inclination ; precipitous.
n. a precipitous place ; a precipice.adv.
steeply.n. steep'ness. [A.S. steap; Norw. stup,
a steep, stupa, to fall ; Ice. steypir, a precipice*
steypa, to throw down : prob. akin to Deep.]
Steep, step, v.t., to dip or soak in a liquid: to
imbue \-~pr.p. steeping ; pa.p. steeped'..
something steeped or used in steeping ; a fertilis
ing liquid for seed. [Ger. stippen ; Fris. stiepen ;
Sw. stopa : probably akin to Dip.]
mote ; mute ; mC&n ; then.
 Steward
Steeple, step!, n. a tower of a church or building:, to bereave\ and Child.]So Step-brother, Step
ending in a point. [A.S. stepel; Ice. stspuil; daughter, Step-father. Step-mother, Stepsister.
Norw. stupel, clock-tower.]
steeple-chase, step'1-ch.ls, a chase or race toward Steppe, step, n. one of the vast uncultivated plains
in the S.-E. of Europe and in Asia. [Russ. ttepf.}
a distant object, orig. a steeple.
Steer, ster, n. a young ox, esp. a castrated one solids on a ste-re-og'ra-fi,
Stereography, . the art of shewing-
from two to four years old. [A.S. steor; Ger. graphs, to write.] plane. [Gr. stereos, hard, solid, and
slier; prob. akin to L. taunts, Gr. tauros.\ stenographic, st5-re-o-graf1k, stereographies!, st6-
Steer, ster, v.t., to stir or move; to direct with the re-o-graf'ik-al , adj. , pertaining to stereography ;
helm ; to guide ; to govern.v.i. to direct a ship made according to stereography ; delineated cut
in its course : to be directed : to move :Pr.p. a plane.adv. rtereograph'icaily.
steering; /to./, steered'. [A.S. steoran, styran, stereoscope, st6're-o-skGp, n. an optical instrument
old Ger. stiuran, Ice. styra, to guide. See Stir,] in which two pictures of the same object are
steerage, steVaj, ., act or practice ofsteering: the seen having an appearance of solidity and re
effect of a rudder on the ship: an apartment in ality. [Gr. stereos, and skopeS, to see.]
the fore-part of a ship for inferior passengers. stereoscopic, st-re-o-skop'ik, stereoscopic*!, steVre-
steersman, stcrz'man, ., a man who steers a ship. o-skop'ik-al, adj., pertaining to the stereoscope.
adv. stereoscop lcaily.
Stellar, stel'ar, Stellary, stel'ar-i, adj., relating to stereotype,
the stars; starry. [L. stellarisstella, a star.] printing, ste're-o-tTp, n. a solid metallic plate for
cast from an impression of movable
stellate, stel'at, stellated, stct'iit-cd, adj. lit. set with types in plaster of Paris : art of making or print
stars ; like a star ; radiated. [L. stellatus, pa.p. ing with such plates.adj. pertaining to or done
of stello, to set with starsstella.}
stellular, stel'O-lar, adj., formed like little stars. with to
stereotypes.v.t. to make a stereotype of;
print with stereotypes :pr.p. stereotyping ;
[from L. stellula, dim. of stella, a star.] Pa.p. ste'reotyped. [Gr. stereos, and Type,]
stellulate, stel'O-lat, adj. in 6ot., like a little star. stereotyper, stc're-o-tlp-cr, ., one who makes
Stem, stem, n. the part of a plant which shoots out stereotype plates.
of the ground and supports the branches : the Sterile, ster'il, adj. lit. stiff; unfruitful ; barren :
little branch supporting the flower or fruit : a race destitute of ideas or sentiment. [Fr. ; L. ster-
or family; branch of a family. [A.S. stemn, ilis, perh. from stents, Gr. sterros, stiff, hard. ]
Ger. stamm, from root stab, to thrust.]
Stem, stem, n., theprow of a ship ; a curved piece sterility, ster-il'i-ti, ., quality of being sterile;
unfruitfuliitss ; barrenness.
of timber at the prow to which the two sides ofa Sterling,
ship are united.v.t. to cut, as with the stem; a designation of adj. sterling, orig. the name of a penny :
to resist or make progress against :pr.p.stcvam'- of good quality, British [perh.
money : pure ; genuine ;
from the fosterlings
ing ; Pa.p. stemmed'. [Norw. stemm, A.S.
stefn, Ice. sta/n ; old Dutch, steve, a staff, prow.] merchants
the purity
from the east of Germany, noted for
of their money and said to have per
Stem, stem, v.t., to stop ; to check:pr.p. stemm fected the British coin.]
ing; Pa.p. stemmed . [Ice. stemma; Ger. stem- Stern, stem, adj. lit. sorrowful, disturbed; severe
men : probably from root of Stand. J of countenance, manner, or feeling ; austere ;
Stench, stensh, ., stink; bad odour or smell. [A.S. harsh ; unrelenting : steadfast ; immovable.adv.
stenc; old Ger. stinc/tan, to smell ill. See8tlnlL] sternly.n. sternness. [A.S. ; Scot, stoume;
Stencil, sten'sil, . a plate of metal, &c with a Norw. sturen, sorrowful, disturbed.]
pattern cut out, which is impressed upon a sur Stern, stern, n. lit. the part of a ship where it is
face by drawing a brush with colour over it. [?] steered: the hind part of a vessel. fA.S. steam.
Stenography, sten-og'ra-fi, n.,art ofwritingshortly, Ice. stiorn, from styra, to steer. Sec Steer.]
or by means of abbreviations.n. stenographer. stemmost, stern'most, adj.,furthest astern.
[Gr. stenos, narrow, and graphs, to write.] stern-sheet*, stern'-shets, n. the part of a boat
stenographic, stcn-o-graflk, stenographlcal, stcn-o- between the stem and the rowers.
graf'ik-al, adj., pertaining to stenography. Sternutatory, stcr-nu'ta-tor-i, adj., ths,t
Stentorian, stcn-tO'ri-an, adj. very loud or power sneezing.n. a substance that causes \
ful, like the voice of Stentor, a herald mentioned [L. stentuto, -alum, to sneezes
by Homer. [L. stentoreus, Gr. stentoreios Ptamumai, to sneeze.]
Stentdr, StentorSans, stan, to sound.] Stertorous, ster'to-rus, adj., snoring.aiv. ster'-
Step, step, . a pace : the distance crossed by the torously. [Fr. slertoreujcL. sterto, t j snore.]
foot in walking or running : a small space : Stethoscope, steth'o-skSp, n. lit. thechest-e; aminer;
degree : one remove in ascending or descending ; the tube used in auscultation. [Gr. */ Hkos, the
a stair : round of a ladder : footprint : manner breast, skoped, to see, examine.]
of walking: proceeding; action :in //. walk: stethoscoplc, steth-o-skoplk, stethoseoplca , stcth-o-
a self-supporting ladder with flat steps.v.i. to skop'ik-al, adj., pertaining to, or perf rmed by
advance or retire by pacing ; to walk : to walk the stethoscope.
slowly or gravely.v.t. to set, as a foot : to fix
as a mast :pr.p. stepping ; pa.p. stepped'. [A.S. Stew, stQ, v.t. lit. to put into a stovt ; to boil
slowly with little moisture.v.i. to x boiled
sta>P; Dutch, staf; Ger. stop/.]
stepping-stone, stcp'ing-stOn, n. a stone for stepping n. meat gently:pr.p.
slowlyand stewing ;pa.f stewed'.
stewed, [old Fr. estuver. It. tufare
on to raise the feet above the water or mud. stufa, Ger. stube, Dutch, stove, a stove ]
Step-child, step'-chlld, n. lit. a bereft or orphan Steward, stQ'ard, n. , one who manages tkt domestic
child: one who stands in the relation of a child concerns of a family or institution : soe who
through the marriage of a parent. [A.S. steop,
old Ger. steof stiof{A.S. steopan, Ger. stiufan, superintends another's affairs, esp. an estate or
farm : the manager of the provision de artment.
fate, ftr ; ml, her ; mine ; mOte ; mate ; mOou ; Men.
4 73
 stewardess Stithy
&c. at sea. Told E. stivard, Ice. stivardr, from Still, stil, v.t., to cause tofall by drops; to distil:
stia, sheep-house.] Pr.p. still'ing ; f>a.p. stilled'.n. an apparatus
stewardess, siG'ard-es, ., a female steivard: a for distilling liquids. [L. stiilo, to cause to drop
female who waits on ladies on shipboard. stilia, a drop.]
stewardship, suYard-ship, ., office of a steward; Stilt, stilt, n., a support of wood with a rest for
management. the foot, used in walking.v.t. to raise on stills :
Stick, stik, . lit. something sharp for stabbing to elevate by unnatural means :Pr.p. stilting ;
with : a small shoot or branch cut off a tree : a pa.p. stilted. [Ger. stelze, Dutch, stelt, a stilt :
staff or walking-stick : anything in the form of Sw. stylta, a support.]
a stick.v.t, to stab; to thrust in; to fasten Stimulus, stim'fi-lus, n. lit. a sharp instrument; a
by piercing ; to fix in : to set with something goad : anything that rouses the mind, or that
pointed; to cause to adhere.v.i to hold to;
to remain: to stop; to be hindered : to hesitate, excites to action : a stimulant. [L.Gr. stizd, to
prick, from root of Stigma.]
to be embarrassed or puzzled : to adhere closely stimulate,
in affection '.Pr.p. sticking ; Pa.t. and Pa.p. sharp: stirn'O-lat, v.t., to prick with anything
to incite; to instigate \pr.p. stim'Qlat-
stuck. [A.S. sticca, Norw. stikka, a stick; A.S. ing ; Pa.p. stimulated.. lUmai&'tion.
stician, Dutch, steken, to stab.]
sticky, stik'i, adj., that sticks or adheres; tena stimulant, ing or
stim'u-lant, adj., stimulating; increas
exciting vital action.n. anything that
cious; glutinous.n. Etick iness. stimulates or excites ; a stimulating medicine.
stickleback, stik'l-bak, . a small fish, so called from stimulative,
the spines on its back, [prov. . stickle, dim. of n. that which stimulates or excites.to stimulate.
stim'u-lat-iv, adj., tending
Stick, Ger. stachel, a spine, and Back.]
Stiff, stif, adj. not easily bent ; rigid : not liquid ; Sting, sting, v.t., to stick anything sharp into:
to pain acutely '.Pr.p. stinjping ;pa.t. and Pa.p.
rather hard than soft: not easily overcome; stung.k. the sharp pointed weapon of some
obstinate : notnaturaland easy ; affected ; formal. animals : the thrust of a sting into the flesh :
adv. stiffly.. stiffness. [A.S. stif; Ger. anything that causes acute pain : the point in the
strif; Dan. stiv : either from the notion of some last verse of an epigram. [A.S. ; Ice. stinga, Gr.
thing projecting, like L. stipes, a stock, tree ; or stizd, to prick, from root of Stigma.]
from being packed close, like L. stifo, to cram.] Stingy, stin'ji, adj. niggardly
stiffen, stif'n, v.t., to make stiff.v.i. to become stin'gily.n. stln'glness. [?] ; avaricious.adv.
stiff: to become less impressible or more obsti
nate 'pr.p. stiffening ; pa.p. stiffened. Stink, stingk, v.i., to smell; to give out a strong,
stiff-necked, stif -nekd, atij. Ut. stiff in t/te neck; offensive smell '-Pr.p. stink'ing ; pa.t. stunk or
obstinate ; contumacious. stank ; Pa.p. stunk.n. a disagreeable smell.
[A.S. stincan, old Ger. stinchan, to smell.]
Stifle, stffl, v.t., to stop the breath of by foul air or stluk-pot,
other means ; to suffocate : to extinguish : to sup stingk'-pot, n. an earthen jar or pot
press the sound of: to destroy \pr.p. stifling ; charged with a stinking, combustible mixture,
pa.p. stffled. [Ice. stifla, to stop ; Bret, stoufa, and used in boarding an enemy's vessel.
ttefia, to cork ; prov. fc. sti/e, suffocating vapour; Stint, stint, v.t., to shorten; to limit; to restrain :
akin to Stuff.] pr.p. stint ing ; pa /. stint'ed.n. limit; re
8tlgma, stigma. . lit the mark ofa stick or pointed straint : proportion allotted. [A. S. stintan, to be
instrument ; a brand : a mark of infamy : in bot. , blunt : old Sw. stunta, Ice. stytta, to shorten.
the top of a pistil. [L.Gr. stigmatizo, to prick, See Btont.]
from root stig, Sans, tij, to be sharp : conn, Stipend, stl'pend, ., a salary weigtted out or paid
with Stick.] for services ; settled pay. LL. sttpendiumslips,
stigmatic, stig-mat'ik, stJgnutlcal, stig-mar/ik-al, a donation, and pendo, to weigh out.]
adj., marked or branded with a stigma ; giving stipendiary, stT-pend'i-ar-i, adj., receiving stipend.
infamy or reproach.adv. stlgmat'lcslly. n. one who performs services for a salary,
*tigmit]M,stig'ma-tiz, v.t., to brand with a stigma: stipulate, stip'u-Ut, v.i. lit. to bargain for a stipend
pr.p. stigmatTs'ing ; pa.p. stigmatised'. or money ; to contract ; to settle terms :~pr.p.
stipulating ; Pa.p. stipulated.. stip ulator. [L.
Stile, stll, ., a step or set ofsteps for climbing over sttpulor, -atus, prob. from slips, a donation.]
a wall or fence. [A.S. stigel, a stepstigan, stipulation, stip-fl-la'shun,
Ger. steigen, to climb ; Gr. stcicltd, Sans, stigh, contract. ., act ofstipulating; a
to ascend.]
Stilt, the pin of a dial, same as Stylo. Stir, ster, v.t, to move: to rouse: to instigate.
Stiletto, sti-let'o, n., a little style or dagger with v.i. to move one's self: to be active: to draw
a round pointed blade : a pointed instrument for notice :/r./. stirr'ing ; pa.p. stirred'. n. tu
making eyelet-holes.v.t. to stab with a stiletto : Dutch,; bustle.
mult . stirrer. [A. S. stirion, styrian,
storen, old Ger. storan, to move.]
pr-P- stilett'oing ; Pa.p. stilett'oed. [It., dim.
ofstito, a daggerL. stilus. See Style.] Stirrup, stiYup, n. a ring or hoop suspended by a
Still, stil, adj., standing; motionless; calm: silent. foot rope or strap from the saddle, for a horseman's
v.t. to quiet; to silence; to appease: to re white mounting or riding. [A.S. stigerap
strain '-Pr.p. stitl'ing ; pa.p. stilled'.. stillness. stigan, to mount, and rap, a rope.]
[A.S. sttlle, fixed, firm, stillian. Ice. stilia, to Stitch, stich, v.t. lit. to stick into or prick ; to sew
quiet ; Sans, sthal, to stand or be firm.] so as to shew a regular line of stitches ; to sew or
itiU-born, stil'-bawm, adj., still or dead when bom. unite.v.i. to practise stitching :/r./. stitch
still-life, stil'-llf, n. a picture of objects that are ing; Pa.p. stitched'.. a pass of a needle and
still, or without animal life. thread : an acute pain. [A.S. stician, to prick ;
stilly, stil'i, adj., stilt; quiet : calm.adv. silently. Ger. sticken, to embroider : conn, with Stick,]
BU11, stil, adv. , till now : nevertheless : always : Stithy, stith'i, an anvil; a smith's shop. [Ice.
after that. [prob. conn, with T11L] stedhi, Sw. stud, an anvil : from root ofStand.]
fate, far ; me, her ; mine ; mote ; mute ; mtKJn ; Men.
 Stoat
Stoat, stflt, n. a kind of weasel called the
when in its winter dress. [Wedgwood gives
Dutch, stuyte; Dan. stodltingst, stallion, from
a supposed analogy.]
Stoccftde, stok'ad, Stoccado, stok-5'do, n., a stick-
ingot thrust: a stockade. [Fr. estocade ; It, stac
cato, a thrustFr. estoc, It, stocco, a rapier, stake
old Ger. stock, a stick.] See Stick, Stock.
Stock, stok, n., a stake or something stuck or thrust
in ; the stem of a tree or plant : a post ; a stupid
person : the part to which others are attached :
the original progenitor; family : a fund; capital ;
shares ofa public debt : store : cattle :pi. stocks,
an instrument in which the legs of criminals are
confined : the frame for a ship while building : the
public funds.v.t. to store : to supply ; to fill :
>r.j*. stock'ing; pa.p. stocked'. [A.S. stoc, a
stickstingan, to thrust, stician, to stick, to
tick in ; Ger. stock, a stick, stocken, to become
fixed. See Btick. ]
stock-broker, stok'-brOk-er, n. a broker who deals in
stock or shares.
rtock-dovB, stok'-duv, ft. a species ofpigeon, believed
at one time to be the stock of the tame dove: or
the dove that lives on trees or in the woods,
stock-exchange, stok'-cks-chanj, n. the place where
stocks are exchanged, or bought and sold,
tockholder, stok'hOld er, n. , one who holds stock in
the public funds, or in a company,
tock-Jobbing, stok'-job-ing, n., jobbing or speculat
ing in stocks.n. Block'-Jobber.
, stok'-stil, adj., still as a stock or post.
, stok'ad, . a breastwork formed of stakes
fixed in the ground.v.t. to surround or fortify
with a stockade '.pr.p. stockad'ing ; pa.p.
stockad'ed. [Sec Stoccade.]
Stocking, stok'ing, n. a close covering for the foot
and leg. [probably a cover for the stocks or
stumps. J
Stole, stO'ik, n. a disciple of the ancient philosopher
Zeno who taught under a porch at Athens : one
indifferent to pleasure or pain. [L. stoicus; Gr.
stdtkosstoa, a porch.]
stole, stO'ik, stoical, sto'ik-al, adj.,
the Stoics, or to their opinions :
pleasure or pain.adv. eto'lcaily.-
tolcUm, stol-sizm, ., the doctrines of the Stoics;
indifference to pleasure or pain.
Stoke, stole, v.t., to stick, stir, or tend a fire :Pr.p.
stuk'ing ; Pa.p. stoked'.n. itok'er. [from Stick.]
Stole, stol, pa.t. of Steal
Stole, stol, m. a long, robe or garment reaching to
the feet : a long, narrow scarf with fringed ends
worn by a priest: a sucker. [A.S. stol; L. stola;
Gr. stoli, a robe, a garmentstelld, to array.]
, stOl'en, pastparticiple of Steal.
I, stol'id, adj., standing still; dull; heavy:
pid ; foolish. [L. stoltdus ; probably akin to
Sans, stha, to stand still, sthal, to stand.]
stolidity, sto-lid'i-ti, ., state of being stolid; dul-
ness of intellect. [L. stolidilasstolidus.]
Stomach, stum'ak, n. the strong muscular bag, con
nected with the mouth, into which the food
passes when swallowed, and where it is princi
pally digested ; the cavity in any animal for the
digestion of its food : appetite.v.t. orig. to bear
on the stomach; to resent. [L. stomachus, Gr.
ttomachosstoma, a mouth.]
stomacher, stum'a-cher, n. an ornament or support
for the stomach or breast, worn by women.
Storax
stomachic, sto-maklk, rtomachical, sto-mak'ik-al,
adj., pertaining to the stomach; strengthening
or promoting the action of the stomach.
Stone, stOn, n. lit. that which stands; a hard mass
of earthy or mineral matter : a precious stone or
6em : a tombstone : a concretion formed in the
ladder : a hard shell containing the seed of some
fruits : torpor and insensibility.v.t. to pelt with
stones ; to free from stones : to wall with stones :
pr.p. ston'ing; pa.p. stOned'. [A.S. stmt. Ice.
sten, Ger. stein ; prob. akin to steken, to stand.]
etone-bUnd, as bund as a stone, perfectly blind,
tone-chat, stOn'-chat, -chatter, -chat'er, n. a little
bird, so called from its chattering and perching
on large stones.
tone-cutter, stOn'-kut-er, n. one whose occupation
is to cut or hew stone.
stone-fruit, ston'-frOot, ., a fruit with its seeds
enclosed in a stone or hard kernel,
tonb*-cast, stOnxMcast, stone's-throw, -thro, _ the
distance which a stone may be cast or thrown
by the hand.
tone-ware, stOn'-war, n. a coarse kind of potter's
ware baked as hard as a stone and glazed,
stony, stOn'i, adj., mad* of or resembling stone;
abounding with stones : converting into stone :
hard ; solid : cruel ; obdurate : in B., rocky.
Stood, stood, fast tenseand Past participle ofStand.
Stool, stOol; n. lit. something standing or placed ;
a seat without a back : the seat used in evacuat
ing the bowels ; the act ofevacuating the bowels.
[A.S. stol, Ger. stuhl; akin to Ger. stellen, to
set, to place.]
Stoop, stOop, v.i. to bend the body; to lean for
ward : to bend by compulsion ; to submit : to
descend from rank or dignity: to condescend :
to swoop down on the wing, as a bird of prey.
v.t. to cause to incline downward:pf.p. stBQp'-
ing ; Pa.p. stooped'.n. the act of stooping ;
inclination forward: descent; condescension: a
swoop. [AS. stupian, old Dutch, stoepen; Sw.
stupa, to be precipitated ; akin to Steep.]
Stop, stop, v.t., to stuff or close up: to obstruct;
to render impassable : to hinder ; to intercept ;
to restrain : to apply musical stops to ; to regu
late the sounds of a stringed instrument by
shortening the strings with the fingers.v.i.
to cease going forwards ; to cease from any
motion or action : to leave ofT ; to be at an end :
Pr.p. stopping ; Pa-P. stopped'. act of
stepping; state of being stopped: hindenmce :
obstacle ; interruption : in music, the closing of
a vent-hole in a wind instrument; pressure of a
finger on a string so as to shorten the vibrating
part: a mark used in punctuation. [Ice. stoppa,
Ger. stopfen, to stuff: from the same root come
L. stupa, the coarse part offlax, tow; Fr. estouper,
It. stoppare, to stop with tow.]
oak, stop'-kok, w. a short pipe in a cask, &c.
:ned and stopped by a cock or key.
. . age, stop'aj, n., act ofstepping; state of Ibeing
stopped ; an obstruction,
topper, stop'er, n., one who stops; that which closes
a vent or hole : naut., a short rope for making;
something fast v.t. to close or secure with a
stopper '.pr.p. stopp'ering ; pa.p. stopp'en*d.
stopple, stop'l, n., that which stops or closes the
mouth 01 a vessel ; a cork or plug.v.t. to close
with a stopple :/**./. stoppling ; pa.p. stoppled.
Storage. See under Store.
Storax, stO'raks, n. a fragrant resin produced on
 Store Strangury
several species of trees growing round the Medi straggler, strag^er, n., one who straggles or goes
terranean Sea. [L. and Gr. styrax.] from the course ; a wandering fellow ; a vagabond.
Store, star, n. lit. provision ; abundance ; a quantity Straight, strut, adj. lit. stretched tight ; direct ;
gathered ; a large stock provided : a store being in a right line ; not crooked: nearest : up
house \pl. supplies of provisions, ammunition, right.adv. immediately; in the shortest time.
&c for an army or a ship.v.t. to gather in adv. straight ly.n. straight neas. [A.S. streht,
quantities;
hoard to supply:
: to place to lay :pr.p,
in a warehouse up in store;
sterlingto; straighten,
pa.p. of streccan, to stretch. See stretch.]
straYn, v.t., to make straight ;pr.p.
Pa.p. stored', [old Fr. estoire, provisionsL. straightening; /<*/*. straight'ened.
instaura, to provide.] straightforward, strat'for-ward, adv. goingforward
tone*, stor'aj, n. the placing in a store; the safe in a straight course.adv. straightforwardly,
keeping of goods in a store : the price paid or straightway, strat'wfi, adv., in a straight way or
charged for keeping goods in a store. time ; immediately ; without loss of time.
storehouse, stdVhous, n., a house for storing goods Strain, stran, v.t., to stretch tight; to draw with
of any kind ; a repository ; a treasury. force : to exert to the utmost: to injure by over
Storied. See under Story. tasking : to make tight ; to constrain : to filter.
Stork, stork, n. lit. the strutting bird; a wading v.i. to make violent efforts: to pass through a
bird nearly allied to the heron. [A.S. store, Ger. filter:Pr.p. straining: Pa.p. strained'.n. the
storch ; akin to Dan. stalkcn, to stalk ; Fris. act of straining; a violent effort : an injury in
staurke, to strut ] flicted by straining : a note, sound, or song,
ttork'a -bill, storks'-bil, n. a kind of geranium, with [old Fr. straindreL. stringo, to stretch tight)
the fruit like the bill ofa stork. strain at, in Matt xxiiL 94, a misprint for strain oat.
Storm, storm, ., a stir or violent commotion of strainer, stran'er, one who, or that which strains ;
the air producing wind, rain, &c. ; a tempest : an instrument for filtration ; a sieve, colander, &c.
violent agitation of society ; commotion ; tumult ; strait, strfit, adj. lit. strained; obs. strict, rigorous:
narrow, so in B. : difficult ; distressful.. a nar
calamity: mil., an assault.v.i. to raise a tem
pest ; to blow with violence : to be in a violent row two
pass in a mountain, or in the ocean between
portions of land : difficulty ; distress, [old Fr.
passion.v.t. to attack by open force ; to as estreit, It. strettoL. strictus, pa.p. of stringo.)
sault :pr.p. storm'ing ; pa.p. stormed'. [A.S. ; straiten, strain, v.t., to make strait or narrow ; to
Ice. stormr; from root of Btir.] confine : to draw tight : to distress; to put into
stormy, storm'i, adj., having many storms; agi
tated with furious winds ; boisterous : violent ; strait-laced, straV-ust, adj.ening
difficulties 1Pr.p. strait ; pa.p. straitened,
lit laced straight or
passionate.n. stonn'meea. tight with stays: rigid in opinion,
Story, stO'ri, n., a history or narrative of incidents, straitty, str&tli, adv. narrowly ; strictly, so in B.
S'i in />'.; a little tale ; a fictitious narrative.
v.t. to make the subject of a story or tale ; to Btraitnesa, strat/nes, n., state 0/being strait or nar
row ; strictness : in B., distress or difficulty.
relate historically:pr.p. stflVying; Pa.p. sto'ried. Strand, strand, n., the margin or beach of the sea
[Fr. histoire, old Fr. estore. See History.] or of a lake.v.t, to run aground.v.i. to drift
storied, sto'rid, adj. , told in a story ; having a his or be driven ashore :>r./. stranding; /a./,
tory : interesting from the stories belonging to it.
Story, stO'ri, n. the height of one floor in a building strand'ed. shore ; Sw.
[A. S. and Ger. ; Ice. strSnd, border,
rand, border, margin.]
ascended by stairs ; a set of rooms on the same
floor or level, [akin to Stair : acc. to Wedgwood Strand, compose
strand, n. one of the strings or parts that
a rope.v.t. to break a strand '.Pr.p.
from Fr. estorrr, to build.}
Stout, stout, adj.* bold ; strong; robust : resolute: strand'ing strong, old
; ~Pa'P- stranded. [Ger. strdhn,
Ger. streno, string, rope.]
proud: in stubborn.n. a strong kind of
beer.adv. stoutly.n. stoutness, in B. stub Strange, stranj, adj. lit. extraneous or that is with
out; foreign; belonging to another country : not
bornness, [old Fr.
Ger. .</./;, bold, estout, bold, Dutch, stout,
stout.] formerly known,heard, or seen ; new : causing sur
prise
Stove. stCv, n. orig. a hothouse; an apparatus with adv. strmage'ly.n. or curiosity ; marvellous : unusual ; odd.
a fire for warming a room, cooking. &c.v.t. strange'neaa. [old Fr. estrange;
to heat or keep warm:Pr.p. stoving; Pa.p. stranger, stranger, It stranio; L. extraneusextra, without]
stoved'. [A.S. sto/e, a stove, Ice. sto/a, a room ; n., one that is strange; a for
Ger. stub*, Fr. etuve, old Fr. estuve, a stove ; eigner quainted
: one from home ; one unknown or unac
: a visitor : one not admitted to commu
akin to Btew.] nion or fellowship.
Stow, sto, v.t., toplace; to arrange : to fill by pack Strangle, strang'gl, v.t., to draw tight the throat so
ing things in:pr.p. stow'ing; pa.p. stowed'. as to prevent breathing and kill life ; to choke :
[Dutch, stouwen, Ger. stauen; akin to A.S. stov, to hinder from appearance; to suppress :j*r.A
Ice. sto, a fixed place.] strangling ; pa.p. strangled.n. strang'ler. [old
stowage, stO'aj, n., act o/ striving or placing in Fr. estrangler ; L. strangulo, -atum ; Gr.
order : state of being laid up : room for articles stranggala&stranggd, to draw tight ]
to be laid away. strangulated, strang'gu-Tat-ed, adj. lit. strangled:
Straddle, strad'l, v.t., to stride or part the legs wide ; in med., having the circulation stopped by com
to stand or walk with the legs far apart.v.t. to pression.
stand or sit astride at'.pr.p. straddling ; pa.p. rtrangulation, strang-gQ-lu'shun, act 0/ stran
stradd'led.n. act of striding, [frcq. ofStride.] gling: in med., compression of the throat and
Straggle, stragt, v.i., to stray or wander from th partial suffocation in hysterics.
course ; to ramble : to stretch beyond propas* Strangury, strang'gu-ri, . extreme difficulty in dis
limits : to be dispersed :pr.p. straggling ;Pa.p, charging urine, which issues in drops. [L.
straggled, [frcq. of Stray.] stranguria, Gr. stranggouriastrangx, a drop
fate, far ; me*, her ; mine ; mflte ; mute ; mSOn ; then.
 Strap stringy
(stmnggo, to squeeze), and cured, to make Strength, Strengthen. See under Strong.
water\ouron, urine).] Btrennoos, s\Tcn'\\-\\s,adj. ,active; vigorous; urgent ;
Strap, strap, . lit. a twisted band or cord ; a nar zealous; bold.adv. stren'uonsly.. strennotu-
row strip of leather : a razor-strop.v.t. to beat ness. [h.strenuus,a.)Lin to Gr..rr>nr,strong,hard.]
or bind with a strap : to strop :fir.p. strapping ; Stress, strcs, n. lit. a tightening ; force ; pressure :
Pa.p. strapped'. (Dutch, strop, a rope ; L. strup-
pus, akin to Gr. strophos, from strephi, to twist.] urgency ; strain ; violence, [old Fr. estroyser,
L. stringo, to tighten. See Strain.]
Strata, //. of Stratum, Stretch, strech, v.t., to make straight or tight : to
Stratagem, strat'a-jem, ., a piece ofgeneralship ; extend; to draw out ; to expand; to reach out:
an artifice, esp. in war; a plan for deceiving an to exaggerate.v.i. to be drawn out ; to be ex
enemy or gaining an advantage. [L. and Gr. tended : to extend without breaking : to exag
ttrategemastratcgos, a generalstratus, an gerate : to direct a course :fir.p. stretching ;
army, and ago, to lead.] Pa.p. stretched'.. act of stretching ; effort ;
strategy> strat'e-ji, ., generalship, or the science of struggle : reach : extension : state of being
military command. stretched; utmost extent: course. [A.S. streccan,
strategic, stra-tcj'ik, or -tg'jik, strategical, stra-tej'i- Ger. strecken, to make straight. See Straight.]
kal, or -tCji-kal, adj., pertaining to, or done by stretcher, strech'er, one who or that which
strategy.-adv. strategically. stretches : a frame for carrying the sick or dead :
strategist, strat'e-jist, //., one skilled in strategy. a foot-board for a rower.
Stratification, Stratify. See under Stratum. Strew, strCO, v.t., to spread; to scatter loosely :
Stratum, stra'tum, . , a bed or layer of earth or rock pr.p. screwing ; Pa.t. strewed'; pa.p. strewed',
spread out flat ; any bed or layer ://. strata, or strewn. [A.S. streoivian ; Ger. strrue ; Goth.
stra'ta. [L.sterno, stratum, to spread out.] stranjan; L. sterna; Gr. strdnnumi; Sans, stri.]
stratiform, strata-form, adj.,formed like strata. Stricken, strik'n, in B.,pa.p. of Strike.Stricken In
stratify, strat'i-fT, v.t., to form or lay in strata or years, advanced in years.
layers :pr.fi. strat'ifying ; fia.f. stratified. [Fr. Stricv, strikt, adj. orig. drawn tight; exact; ex
stratifierL. stratum, andfacia, to make.} tremely nice: observing exact rules ; severe : re
stratification, strat-i-fi-ka'shun, ., act of stratify
ing: state of being stratified: process of being stricted : thoroughly accurate.adv. strictly.
n. strlct'ness. [L.strictus, pa.p. of stringo, akin
arranged in layers. to Gr. strangg5, to draw tight.)
Straw, straw, n. lit. that which is strewed: a stalk stricture, strik'tur, n. in mcd., a morbid contraction
of corn, &c. csp. a quantity of them when of a passage of the body : an unfavourable
thrashed: anything worthless. [A.S. streaw-~ criticism ; censure ; critical remark.
strcffivian, to strew ; Gcr. streu ; Ice. stra.] See Stride, strld, v.i., to walk with long steps.v.t. to
Btrew.
strawberry, straw'ber-ri, n. a plant and its berry pass over at a step :-pr.fi. striding ; Pa.fi.
stride.n. a long step. [A.S. striden, to walk
or fruit which is highly esteemedprob. so called about ; low Gcr. stridenf to stride]
from its strewing or spreading along the ground. Strife. Sec under Strive.
strawy, straw'i, adj., made ofor like straw.
Etrawed, in B. for strewed, pa.t. and fia.fi. of Strew. Btrlke, force
strik, v.t. to give a blow to; to hit with
: to dash : to stamp ; to coin ; to thrust in :
Stray, strA, v.t. lit. to wander put ofthe way; to go to cause to sound
from the enclosure, company, or proper limits; ground upon, as a: ship to let down, as a sail : to
: to punish ; to affect
to err; to rove: to deviate from duty or recti
tude :fir.p, straying ; pa.p. strayed'.n. a v.i. to give a quick blow : :toinhitB.,; toto stroke.
strongly ; to affect suddenly
dash : to
domestic animal that nas strayed or is lost, [old sound by being struck : to touch : to run aground
Fr. estrayer; It. stravagare; low h.ejrtravagare to pass with a quick effect; to dart: to lower:
extra, without, and vago, vagare, to wander.] the flag in token of respect or surrender : to give
Streak, strk, n. lit. a stroke ; a line or long mark up work in order to secure higher wages or the
different in colour from the ground.v.t. to form redress ofsome grievance '.~Pr.fi. striking ; pa.t.
streaks in : to mark with streaks :pr.fi. stream and fia.fi. struck (struk .n. act of striking for
ing ; Pa.p. streaked', [low Gcr. streke ; A.S. higher wages.n. striker. [A.S. asfrican ; Ger.
strica, Ice. strik, stroke, streak. See Strike.]
streaky, streki, adj., markedwith streaks; striped. streicken; Dutch, strijken; Ice. slrik/a.] To
strike hands, in />'. , to become surety for anyone.
Stream, strem, n. a current of water, air, or light, triklng, striking, adj. affecting; surprising; for
&c. ; anything flowing out from a source : drift ; cible ; impressive ; exact.adv. strikingly.
tendency.v.i. to flow in a stream : to pour out stroke, strOk, ., t/ie act of striking; a blow : a
abundantly: to issue in rays: to stretch in a sudden attack ; calamity : the sound of a clock :
long line :Pr.p. streaming ; Pa.p. streamed'. a dash in writing ; the touch of a pen or pencil :
[A.S. : Ger. strom; Ice. straumr.\ a masterly effort.
streamer, strem'er, n. an ensign or flag streaming String, string, . lit. that which draws tight or
or flowing in the wind : a luminous beam shoot compresses : a small cord or a slip of anything
ing upward from the horizon. for tying ; a ribbon ; the cord of a musical instru
streamlet, strSm'let, n., a little stream. ment ; a cord on which things are filed : a series
streamy, strfimi, adj., abounding with streams; of things.v.t. to supply with strings ; to put in
flowing in a stream. tunc : to put on a string : to make tense or firm :
Street, stret, n. lit a way spread out or paved ; to take the strings off:fir.fi. stringing; pa.t.
a roada lane.
in a [A.S.
town strait;
lined with houses, and fia.fi. strung. [A.S. ; Dutch, strrng ; Ice.
than It. strada ; L.broader
strata strengr, prob. akin to L. stringo, to draw tight.]
(via), a paved way, from stemo, Sans. stri, to stringed, stringd', adj., having strings.
spread.] stringy, string i, adj., consisting ofstrings or small
fitte, far ; m, her ; mine ; mote ; mute ; mOon ; the
496
 Stringent Stud
threads ; fibrous : capable of being drawn into Strophe, strO'fc, n. Ut. a turning; in the ancient
strings. drama, the part of a song or dance performed in
Stringent, strin'jcnt, adj., /V;^strongly ; urgent. turning from the right to the left of the orchestra,
adv. atrin'gently. [L. stringens, -entis, pr.p. antistrophe being the reverse. [Gr. strop/ie
of stringo. See Strict.] strepho, to turn, twist.]
stringency, strin'jen-si, re., state or quality ofbeing; stropaic, strofik, adj., pertaining to stropltes.
stringent ; severe pressure. Strove, strOv, past tense of Strive.
Stringy. Sec under String. Strow, strO, same as Btrew :pr.p. strOw'ing ; pad.
Strip, strip, re. same as Strip*, a long narrow piece strOwcd'; Pa.p. strOwcd', or strOwn.
of anything.v.t. to pull off in strips or stripes ; Struck, struk, pad. and pa.p. of Strike.
to tear oil": to deprive of a covering; to skin; Structure, strukt'ur, ., manner oj buihiing ; con
to make bare : to deprive ; to make destitute ;
to plunder.vd. to undress '.pr.p. stripping ; struction ; a building, esp. one of large size :
Pa.p. stripped'. [A.S. jrry/are.Dutch, stroopen, arrangement
stance ; manner
of parts or of particles in a sub
of organisation. [L. structura
to pull off, to strip, Ger. streif, a strip.] struo, structum, to build.]adj. structural,
tripe, strip, n. a blow, csp. one made with a lash, Pertaining to structure.
rod, &c. : a discoloured mark made by a lash or Struggle, strug7], vd. to make great efforts with con
rod : a line, or long, narrow division of a differ
ent colour from the ground.v.t. to make stripes tortions of the body : to make great exertions ; to
upon ; to form with lines of different colours ; contend :pr.p. : to labour in pain ; to be in agony or
pr.p. strlp'ing; pa.p. striped', [low Ger. stripe, re.distressa violent
struggling ; pa.p. struggled.
effort with contortions of the body ;
Ger. strei/.\ great labour ; agony, [akin to Ger. straucheln,
tripling, stripling, n. a youth ; one yet growing, to stumble, streiclun, to move or be moved.]
[dira.ofStrip,asTxjinga strip from the mam stem.]
Strive, strlv, v.i., to stride or make efforts; to Strumpet, strum'pet, w., a debauc/ted person; a
prostitute.adj. like a strumpet ; inconstant ;
endeavour earnestly; to labour hard: to struggle; lalse. [prov. E. strum, strump, a prostitute ; L.
to contend; to aim '.pr.p. striving ; pad. stupratasiupro, stuf>ratum,
strove ; Pa.p. striven.re. strlv'er. [old Fr. Strung, strung, pad. mad Pa.p. of toString. debauch.]
estriver, Ger. streben; akin to low Saxon, Strut, strut, vd. lit. to swell one's self out ; to walk
striven, to stride, to move with an effort.] in a pompous manner ; to walk with affected
strife, strlf, n., striving; contention for superiority; dignity
struggle for victory; contest ; discord. 'Pr.p. strutting; pa.p. strutt'ed.re. a
Stroke, strOk, re. See under Strike. proud step or walk ; affectation of dignity in
stroke, strOk, obs, Pa.p. of Strike. walking. [Ger. strotzen, to be swollen or puffed
up ; low Ger. strutt, sticking out.]
Stroke, strOk, v.t. to rub gently in one direction; Strychnia,
to rub gently ia affection :pr.p. stroking ; poisonousstrik'ni-a, Strychnine, strik'nln, re. a
alkaloid obtained from the seeds of
pap. stroked.re. strok'er. [A.S. stract'an, to PJux Vomica,
.strokeastrican, to strike ; Ger. streicJun, to [L. strychnus,anGr.Indian plant, used in medicine.
strychtws, a kind of nighL-
move rapidly over a surface.] shade.J
Stroll, strOl, v.i. to ramble idly or leisurely; to Stub, stub, ., the stump left after a tree is ait
wander on foot:Pr.p. strOU'ing ;/<2./. strolled'. down.v.t. to take the stubs or roots' of from
re. an idle, leisurely walk; a wandering on the ground '.pr.p. stubb' ing ; Pa.p. stubbed'.
foot.re. stroller, [prov. Ger. strolltn, strolchen.\ [A.S. ttyb, Ice. stttbbr;
Strong, strong, adj.t drawn tight, firm : having styPos, a stem, a stake.] akin to h. stipes, Gr.
physical power; able to endure; solid; well stubbed, stub'd, adj. short and thick, like a stub
fortified: having wealth or resources: moving or stump ; blunt ; obtuse.. stabb'edness.
with rapidity ; impetuous : earnest : having great stubble, stubl, re., the stubs or stumps of corn left
vigour, as the mind : forcible ; energetic : having when the stalk is cut. [dim. of Stub.]
a quality in a great degree ; intoxicating : bright ; stubborn, stub'om, adj. as immovable as a stub
intense: well established. [A.S. Strang, strong; or stump ; immovably fixed in opinion ; obsti
Ice. strangr, Ger. streng, tight, strongstren nate : persevering
gth to draw tight ; akin to L. stringo, to hardy : not easily; melted steady : stiff ; inflexible :
or worked.adv.
tighten. See String.] stubb ornly.re. stubb ornness.
stronghold, stronghold, n. a place strong to hold stubby, stub'i, adj., abounding with stubs; short,
out against attack ; a fortified place ; a fortress.
trongly, strong^, adv., in a strong manner; with thick, and strong.
great forces in a manner to resist attack ; firmly. Stucco, stuk'o, re. lit. a crust ; a plaster of lime and
*rength,stttngth,n.fqua/ifyo/6eingstrong; power ; * fine sand, &c. used for decorations, &c. ; work
force; vigour; solidity or toughness: power to done in stucco.v.t. to face or overlay with
resist attack : excellence : intensity ; brightness : stucco; to form in stucco '.Pr.p. stucc'oing;
validity; vigour of style or expression: that Pa.p. stucc'oed. [Fr. stuc, It. stucco; from
which gives strength ; security ; amount of force. old Ger. stucchi, a crust, a shell.]
[A.S.Strang, strong.] Btuck, stuk, past tense and past participle of Stick.
strengthen, strength'n, vd., to make strong or Stud, stud, re. a collection of breeding horses and
stronger ; to confirm : to encourage : to increase mares: the place where they are kept. [A.S.
in power or security.v.i. to become stronger : stod; stodhors, a stallion ; Ger. stute, a marc ;
pr.p. strengthening; pap. strengthened. Dutch, stuyte, a stallion.] [lion.
Strop, srrop, . orig. a strap ; a strip of leather or stud-horse, stud'-hors, re. a breeding horse ; a stal-
of wood covered with leather, &c. for sharpening Stud, stud, re. orig. a stem, a trunk ; a nail with a
razors.v.t. to sharpen on a strop :pr.p. large head ; a double-headed button.v.t. to
stropping ; Pa.p. stropped', [a form of Strap.] adorn with studs or knobs ; to set thickly, as
fite, far ; me, her ; mine ; mOte ; mOtc ; niOTu ; Men.
2P -
 Student stylish
with studs '.Pr.p. studding : Pa.p. studd'cd. stupefied ; prob. akin to Fr. Uonner, L. attonetre,
face, to Wedgwood, lit. anything projecting, a to thunder at, to astonish,]
knob, akin to Gcr. staude, a bush, a shrub : Stoat, stunt, v.t. to hinder from growth :Pr.p.
also given from A.S. studu, Ice. stod, Ger. stunting ; Pa.p. stunted, [a form of Stint.]
stutze, a support, a prop-] Stupefy, stu'pi-fl, v.t., to make stupid or senseless:
Student. See under Study. to deaden the perception or understanding ; to
Study, stud'i, v.t., lit. to Pursue; to bestow pains deprive of sens"
upon ; to apply the mind to : to examine closely: stu'pened. [Fi
to examine in order to learn thoroughly: to to be struck %
form and arrange by thought ; to con over. Stub, andfacio, to make.]
v.i. to apply the mind closely to a subject ; to stupefaction, stu-pi-fak'shun, . . the act of making
muse : to apply the mind to books :pr.p. stupid or senseless ; insensibility : stupidity,
stud'ying ; /a./, studied.n, a setting of the stupefactive, stQ-pi-fak'tiv# adj., causing stupefac
mind upon a subject : application to books, &c: tion or insensibility,
absorlx-d attention : contrivance : any object of stupendous, stQ-pen'dus, adj., to be wondered at for
attentive consideration : any particular branch of its magnitude ; wonderful, amazing, astonishing.
learning : a place devoted to study. [L. studeo, adv., stupendously.n, ftupen doutnesa. [L.
to pursue ; prob. akin to Gr. spoude, haste.] ' stupendus.]
student, stQ'dent, tu, one who studies, a scholar ; stupid, stu'pid, adj., struck senseless; insensible :
one devoted to learning : a man devoted to books. deficient or dull in understanding ; formed or
[L. student, -entis, pr.p. of studeo, to study.J done without reason orjudgment ; foolish ; unskil
studied, stud'td, adj., qualified by study; learned : ful.adv. stupidly.ns. stupidity, rtu'pidness.
planned with study ordeliberation: premeditated. [L. stupidus.}
studio, stu'di-o, *., the study or workshop of an stupor, stQ'por, n., the state of being struck sense
artist://, stu'dio*. [It] less; suspension of sense cither wholly or par
studious, stfl'di-iu, adj. , given to study : thought tially; insensibility; dulness: intellectual insen
ful : diligent ; attentive to ; careful : studied ; sibility: moral stupidity : excessive amazement
deliberately planned.adv. stu'dlouly.*. stu'- or astonishment.
Sturdy, stur'di, adj. [comP. etur'dier, superi, stur
Btuff, stuf, v.t., to press in: to crowd : to fill by diest), lit. stunned; stubborn or obstinate ; reso
crowding ; to fill very full ; to, cause to bulge lute ; firm; forcible; strong; robust; stout
out by filling : to fill with seasoning, as a fowl ; adv. stur dily.n. stur/dlneai. [old Fr. estourdi,
to fill the skin of a dead animal.v.i. to feed pa.p. of estourdir (Fr. etourdir). It stordire, to
gluttonously :pr.p. stuffing ; fa.p, stuffed'. stun, variously derived, as from L. stolidns,
n. that which fills anything ; materials of which senseless, dull ; from L. torpidns, stupefied ; and
anything is made ; textile fabrics, cloth, esp. from Bret stard, firm, Ice. stirdr, stiff, &c]
when woollen : worthless matter : household fur Sturgeon, stuVjun, n. a large cartilaginous sea-fish
niture, &c so in B. [akin to Stop ; Ger. stop/en, yielding caviare and isinglass, and used for food.
to stuff, to stop ; Fr. estouffer. to stop the [Fr. esturgeon, old Ger. sturio, Ger., Sw., and
breath; prob. akin to L. stipo, Gr. siuplid, to Ice* star, strong or great]
stuff, steibd, to tread.]
Stultify, stul'ti-fT, v.t., to make afool of: to cause Stutter, stutter, v.i. to hesitate in speaking; to
stammer :Pr.p. stuttering ; Pa.p. stutVcred.
to appear foolish 'pr.p. stul'tifying ; Pa.p. stul n. the act of stuttering ; a hesitation in speak
tified. [L. stultus, foolish,facie, to make.] ing. [Ger. stottem : from the sound.]
stultification, stul-ti-fi-ka'shun, n., act of stultify stutterer, stut'er-er, ., one who stutters.
ing or making foolish. stuttering, stut'er-ing, adj. hesitating in speaking;
Stumble, stum'bl, v.i., to strike the feet against stammering.adv. stutt'eringly.
something; to trip in walking; (fol by upon) to Sty, stl, is. lit anything risen ; a small inflamed
light onto by
v.t. chance
cause : toorslide
to trip stopinto
; to crime
puzzleor.pr.p,
error. tumour on the edge of the eyelid. [A.S. stigend,
stum'bling ; pa.p. stum'bled.n. a trip in walk Sty,from stigan, Goth, steigan, Sans, stigh, to rise.J
stl, n. Ht. a recess ; an enclosure for swine ;
ing or running : a blunder ; a failure, [akin to ny pla(
vulgar . stump, to walk with heavy steps ; ti, Ice. stia, a recess.]
Dutch, stompen, to kick, to thump ; prov. Dan.
stumle,stumre,to strike the ground with the feet] Style, stil, n. lit. that which Punctures; any
stumbling-block, stum'bling-bTok, stumbling-stone, thing engraving
long and pointed, esp. a pointed tool for
or writing : manner ot writing : mode
-stfln, ., a block or stone over which one would of expressing thought in language : diction ; the
be likely to stumble : a cause of error.
Stump, stump, . the part of a tree left in the acteristic ormanner
distinctive peculiar to an author ; char
peculiar mode of expression and
ground after the trunk is cut down : the part of execution (in the fine arts) : title : mode of ad
a body remaining after a part is cut off or de
stroyed : one of the wickets in cricketv.t. to dress form ;
: practice, esp. in a law-court; manner;
fashion : mode of reckoning time : the pin
reduce to a stump : to cut off a part of: to knock ofa dial : in bat., the middle portion of the pistil,
down the wickets in cricket when the batsman between the ovary and the stigma.v.t.
is out of his ground :pr-P. stumping ; pa.p. in addressing or speaking of; to name toor entitle desig
stumped', [akin to Stab ; IowGer. stubbe, stump, nate '.pr.p. styling ; pa.p.styled,'. [Fr., L. stilus,
a stump of a tree.] for stiglusGr. stizd, to puncture. Sec Stigma.)
Stun, stun, v.t., to stupefy or astonish with a loud itylar, stil'ar, adj., pertaining to the pin ofa dial
noise, or with a blow : to surprise completely ; stylish, stilish, adj., displaying style; fashion
to amaze :pr.p. stunning ; pa.p. stunned'. able; showy; pretending to style.adv. styl
[A.S. stunian, to resound ; Ger. staunen, to be ishly.n. styl'lshness.
fate, far ; me, her ; mine ; mdte ; mate ; muOn ; Men.
493
 Styptic
Styptic, stip'tik, adj., contracting or drawing to
gether; astringent; thatstops bleeding.n. an
astringent medicine. [L. stypticus, Gr. styptikos
styphd, 10 contract.]
Suasion, swa'zhun, n., the act of persuading or
advising; advice, [old Fr. ; \*.suasiosuadeo,
to advise.]
native, swa'siv, adj., tending to persuade; per
suasive.adv. ina'sively.. sua siveness.
Suave, swfiv, adj. lit. sweet; pleasant; agreeable.
adv. suave'ly. n. suavity (swav'it-i). [Fr. ; L.
suavis, akin to Gr. hidys, Sans, svddu, sweet.
See Sweet. J
Subacid, sub-asld, adj., somewhat acid or sour.
[L. sub, under, and Acid. J
Subaltern, sub'al-tem, adj. lit. under another; in
ferior , subordinate.n. a subordinate ; an offi
cer in the army under the rank of captain. [L.
sub, under, and altemus, one after the other
alter, the other.]
Bubulternato, sub-al-tern'iit, adj., succeeding ly
turns i subordinate.n. subaltema'tlon.
Subaqueous, sub-aTcwe-us, adj. , under water. [ L.
sub, under, and Aqueous. ]
Subdivide, sub-di-vld', v.t., to divide into smaller
divisions ; to divide again.v.i. to be subdivided;
to separate. [L. sub, under, and Divide.J
subdivision, sub-di-vizh'un, n., the act o/subdivid
ing; the part made by subdividing.
Subdue, sub-dQ'f v.t., lit. to lead or bring under;
to reduce ; to conquer ; to bring under dominion ;
to render submissive ; to tame : to melt, to sof
ten '.Pr.p. subduing ; Pa.p. subdued'.n, sub-
du tr. [old Fr. subduzerL. sub, under, and
ducere, to lead : also given from old Fr. sub-
juguerL. sub, andjugum, a yoke.]
subduable, sub-du'a-bl, adj., that may be subdued.
subdual, sub-du'al, n., the act ofsubduing.
Subeditor, sub-ed'i-tur, ., an under or assistant
editor. [L. sub, under, and Editor.]
Subfamily, sub'fam-i-H, n., a subordinatefamily ; a
division of a family. [L. sub, under, and Family.]
Subgenus, sub'je-nus, a subordinate genus ; a
division of a genus. [L. sub, under, and Genus.]
Subjacent, sub-ji sent, adj., lying under or bebnv ;
being in a lower situation. [L. subjacens, -entis
subjaceosub, under, andjaceo, to lie.j
Subject, sub'jekt, adj., lit. thrown under; laid,
or situate under; under the power of another:
liable, exposed ; disposed : subordinate ; subser
vient.n. one under the power of another ; one
under allegiance to a sovereign : that on which
any operation is performed ; that which is treated
or handled : in anat., a dead body for dissection :
in art, that which it is the object of the artist
to express : that ofwhich anything is said; topic ;
matter, materials. [Fr. sujet, L. subjectus, pa,p.
of subjiciosub, under, and jacio, to throw.]
subject, sub-jekt', v.t., to throw or bring under; to
bring under the power of; to make subordinate
or subservient : to subdue ; to enslave : to ex
pose or make liable to ; to cause to undergo :
Pr.p. subjecting ; Pa.p. subject'ed.
subjection, sub-jek shun, ., the act ofsubjecting or
subduing : the state of being subject to another.
subjective, sub-jektlv, adj., relating to the subject;
derived from one's own consciousness ; denoting
those states of thought or feeling of which the
mind is the conscious subject.adv. imbject'lvely.
n. subjecfiveness.
subjectivity, sub-jck-tivl-ti, ., state of being sub
jective : that which is treated subjectively.
fate, far ; me, her ; mine ;
submission
Subjoin, sub-join', v.t., to join under; to add at
the end or afterwards ; to affix, or annex. [L.
sub, under, and Join.]
Subjugate, sub'j30-gat, v.t., to bring under the
yoke ; to bring under power or dominion ; to
conquer:pr.p. subjugating; pa,p. sub'jGgated.
n. subjugation. [Fr. subjuguer, L. subjugo,
-atumsub, under, andjugum, a yoke.]
subjugator, suVjCO-gat-ur, one who subjugates.
Subjunctive, sub-jungk'tiv, adj., joined under or
subjoined ; added to something ; denoting that
mood of a verb which expresses condition, hypo
thesis, or contingency.. thesubjunctivo mood.
[L. subjunctivussub, under, and jungo, junc-
tum, to join. See Join.]
Subkingdom, sub-kingMum, ., a subordinate king
dom ; a division of a kingdom : a subdivision.
[L. sub, under, and kingdom.}
Sublease, sub-leV, an under-lease or lease by a
tenant to another. [L. sub, under, and Lease.]
Sublet, sub-let', v.t., to let or lease, as a tenant, to
another. [ L. sub, under, and Let.]
Sublime, sub-llm', adj., lifted; high ; lefty :
majestic : awakening feelings of awe or venera
tion.n. that which is sublime ; the lofty or
grand in thought or style ; the emotion pro
duced by sublime objects.v.t. to exalt; to
dignify, to ennoble ; to improve : to purify, to
bring to a state of vapour by heat and condense
again by cold.v.i. to be sublimed or subli
mated \pr.p. subliming ; Pa.p. sublimed'. [L.
sublimis, contr. of subbrvimissub, under, up,
and levo, to lift, from levis, light.] See Light,
adj.
sublimate, sublim-at, v.t., to lift up on high; to
elevate ; to refine and exalt : to purify by raising
by heat into vapour which again becomes solid :
Pr.p. sublimating ; sublimated.n. the
product of sublimation. [L..sublimo,sublimatum.]
sublimation, sub-lim-a'shun, n., the act ofsublimat
ing or purifying by raising into vapour by heat
and condensing t>y cold : elevation ; exaltation.
sublimely, sub-llmli, adv., in a sublime manner ;
loftily ; with elevated conceptions.
sublimity, sub-lim'i-ti, ., the quality of being sub
lime ; loftiness ; elevation; grandeur; loftiness
of thought or style ; nobleness of nature or char
acter ; excellence.
Sublunar, sub-luuii'ar, Sublunary, sublOon-ar-i, adj.,
underthe moon: earthly; belonging to this world.
[L. sub, under, and Lunar.]
Submarine, sub-ma-ren', adj., under or in the sea.
[L. sub, under, and Marine.]
Submerge, sub-merj', Submerse, sub-mers', v.t.t to
plunge under water ; to overflow with water ; to
drown.v.t*. .to plunge underwater:Pr.p. sub
merging, submersing ; pa.p. submerged', sub
mersed'.ns. submerg ence, submer sion. [L. sub-
mergo, -mersumsub, under, mergo, to plunge.]
submersed, sub-mersr/, adj. being or growing under
water; submerged.
Submission. See under Submit,
Submit, sub-mit', v.t. lit. to send or place under;
to refer to the judgment of another ; to surrender
to another.v.i. to yield one's self to another ;
to surrender ; to yield one's opinion ; to be sub
ject:/*-./, submitting; Pa.p. submitt'ed. [L.
submittosub, under, mitto, missum, to send.]
submission, sub-mish'un, n.; act of submitting or
yielding ; acknowledgment of inferiority or of a
fault ; humble behaviour ; resignation.
mOte ; mute; mCfon; Men.
 submissive Subtract
submissive, sub-mislv, adj., willing or ready to to purchase the aid of pr.p. subsidising ; pa.p.
submit; yielding ; humble; obedientadv. sub- subsidised.
miss'ively.n. submits lveness. Subsist, sub-sisr*, v.t. lit to stand stilt or under
EubniLas, sub-mis', adj. (obs.) cast down, prostrate. the present state ; to have existence ; to have
adv. Bnbmlssly, (obs.) humbly, now submissively. the means of living :pr.p. subsisting ; pa p.
Subordinate, sub-or'di-nat, adj., lower in order, subsist'ed. [L. subsisto, to stand stillsub,
rank, nature, power, &c. ; descending in a under, sisto, to stand, be fixed. ]
regular series.adv. subordiuatcly. [L. sub, subslstant, sub-sist/ent, adj., sttbsisting; having
under, and ordinatus, pa.p. of ordino, to set in real being ; inherent.
orderordo, ordinis, order.] subsistence,sub-sist'cns,. , state ofbeingsujbsistent ;
subordinate, sub-or'di-nat, n., one in a lower order real being ; means of supporting life ; livelihood.
or rank; an inferior.v.t. to place in a lower Subsoil, sub'soil, ., the under soil; the soil or
order ; to consider ofless value ; to make subject ; stratum of earth which lies immediately beneath
pr.p. subordinating ; Pa.p. subordinated. the surface. [L.sub, under, and Soil.]
subordination, sub-or-di>nashun, n., act ofsubordi Substance,
nating or placing in a lower order ; state of being neath orsub'stans.w. lit. that which stands under
is present ; that in which qualities or
subordinate ; inferiority of rank or position. attributes exist; that which constitutes anything
Suborn, sub-orn', v.t. lit. to supply in an under what it is: the essential part; body; matter:
hand way or secretly ; to procure privately or property. [L. substantiasubsto,
indirectly ; to cause to commit a perjury \Pr.p. sub, under, and sto, to stand.] to stand under
suborn'ing ; Pa.p. suborned'.n. suborn'er. fL. substantial, sub-stan'shal, adj., belonging to or hav
subornosub, under, omo, to adom, to supply.]
subornation, sub-or-na'shun, n., act of suborning ing substance ; actually existing ; real ; solid ;
material: having property or estate.adv. nb-
or causing a person to take a false oath. stan'tlsJly. [Fr. substantielL. substantiality
Subpasna, sub-pfi'na, n. a writ commanding the substantial!, sub-stan'shals, 7i.pl. essential parts.
attendance of a person in court undera penalty. substantiate, sub-stan'shi-ftt, v.t., to make substan
v.t. to serve with a writ of subpoena '.Pr.p. tial; to prove \-^r.p. substantiating; Pa.p.
subpee'naing ; Pa.p. subpee'nacd. [L. sub, under, substantiated. (real.adv. substantively.
and pa-na, punishment] substantive, sub'stan-tiv, adj., expressingexistence;
Subscribe, sub-skrlb', v.t., to write underneath; to substantive, sub'stan-tiv, n. in gram, the part of
give consent to something written, or to attest speech denoting something that exists; a noun.
by writing one's name underneath ; to sign one's Substitute, sub'sti-tOt; v.t. lit. to place under; to
name ; to promise to give by writing one's sig put in place of another:pr.p. substituting:
nature.v.t. to promise a certain sum by setting pa.p. sub'stitfltcd.. one who or that which is
one's name to a paper ; to enter one's name put in place of another. [L. substituo, substi
for anything :pr.p. subscribing ; Pa.p. sub tutionsub, under, and statuo, to set, place.]
scribed'.x. ubscrib'er. [L. subscribosub, substitution, sub-sti-tu'shun, ., act of substituting
under, and scribo, scripturn, to write.] or putting in place of another. [L. substitution
subscription, sub-skrip'shun, ., act ofsubscribing; Substratum, sub-stra'tum, n., an under stratum or
a name subscribed ; a paper with signatures ; layer; the substance in which qualities exist.
consent by signature ; sum subscribed. [L. sub- [L. sub, under, and 8tratum.]
scriptiosub, and scribo.} Substructure, sub-strukt'ur, ., an under structure
Subsection, sub-sek'shun, ., an under section or or building; foundation. [L. sub, and Structure.
division; a subdivision. [L. sub, under, Section,] Subtend, sub-tend', v.t., to extend underor be oppo
Subsequent, sub'se-kwent, adj., following or com site to. [L. sub, under, and Tend.]
ing after.adv. subsequently. [L. subsequens, Subterfuge, sub'tcr-fuj, n. lit. secretflight ; that to
-cutis, pr.p. of snbsequorsub, under, after, which one resorts lor escape or conceal n*cnt ; an
sequor, to follow.] artifice to escape censure or an argument ; eva
Subserve, sub-serv', v.t., to serve under or subor subter, sion. [Fr.L. subterfugio, to escape secretly
dinate^ ; to help forward. [L. subserviosub, under, secretly, andfugio, to flee.]
under, servio, to serve.] Subterranean, sub-tcr-nin'c-an. Subterraneous, su!>-
uubservient, sub-serVi-ent, adj., subserving; serving ter-ran'e-us, adj., wider the earth or ground.
to promote : subject; submissive.adv. subeeiVl- [L. sub, under, and terra, the earth.]
ontly. [L. sufaerviens, -cutis, pr.p. of subservio. ] Subtil, BubtUIy. Sec under subtle.
subservience, sub-seiVi-ens, subserviency, sub-seiVi- Subtile, sub'til, adj. lit. wovenfine; delicately con
en-si, ., state of being subservient ; anything structed ; fine ; thin or rare : piercing ; shrewd.
that promotes some purpose. adv. eub'tilely.n. sub'tileneas. [L. subtilis for
Subside, sub-sld', v.t. lit. to sit or settle down ; to subtexilissub, under, fine, texo, to weave.)
settle at the bottom : to fall into a state of quiet ; subtilise, sub'til-Tz, v.U, to make subtile, thin, or
to sink. [L. subsidosub, down, and sido, to sit] rare; to spin into niceties.v.t* to make nice
subsidence, sub-sld'ens, subsldency, sub-sid'en-si, t:., distinctions ; to refine in argument :pr-P* sub
act or process of subsiding, settling, or sinking1. tilising ; pa.fi. sub'tillsed. [Fr. subtitiser.)
subsidy, sub'si-di, n. lit. t/iat which subsides : assist subtilty, sub'til-ti, ., state or quality of being
ance ; aid in money ; a sum of money paid by subtile; fineness; rareness : acuteness ; cunning.
one state to another for assistance in war. [L. subtle, sut'l (in B., sub'til), adj., subtile, in a fig.
subsidium, orig. troops stationed behind in re vised.adv. fubtiy {insly;B.,artful;
sense; insinuating; cunningly de
serve, aidsub, under, and sido, to sit.] sub'tilly).. subt lo-
ncss. [contr. of Subtile.)
subsidiary, sub-sid'i-ar-i, adj.,furnishing a subsidy, subtlety, sut'l-ti, n.t quality of being subtle; art
help, or additional supplies ; aiding.. one who fulness; shrewdness; extreme acuteness.
or that which aids or supplies ; an assistant.
subsidise, sub'si-dlz, v.t., tofurnish with a subsidy ; Subtract, sub-trakt', v.t. lit. to drawfrom under;
fate, Hir ; m6, her ; mine ; mOtc ; mute ; mOOn ; Men,
 subtraction Suffocate
to take away a part from the rest ; to take one Suck, suk, z'.t. to draw in with the mouth ; to draw
number or quantity from another to find their milk from with the mouth : to imbibe : to drain.
difference:Pr.p. subtracting; Pa.p. subtracted. v.i. to draw with the mouth : to draw the breast :
[L. sub, under, and traho,tractum,to draw away.] to draw in :Pr.p. sucking ; pa.p. sucked'..
subtraction^ sub-trak'shun, ., the act or operation act of sucking : milk drawn from the breast.
ofsubtracting; the taking of a less number or . suds'er. [A.S. sucan, sugan; Ger. saugen;
quantity from a greater. [L. subtraction allied to L. sugo, sueturn, Sans, chus/i, to suck ;
subtractive, sub-trak tiv, adj., subtracting; tend from the sound.]
ing to subtract or lessen, suckle, suk'l, v.t., togive]suck to; to nurse at the
subtrahend, sub'tra-hend, ., the sum or number to breast :-pr.p. suckiing ; pa.p. suckied. [dim.
be subtracted. [L. sublrahercdus.] of Buck.]
Suburb, sub'urb, Suburbs, sub'urbz, w. the district suckling, suk'Ung, n. a young child or animal
being suckled or nursed at the breast.
which lies near a city; the confines. [L. sub- suction, suk'shun, n., act or power ofsucking; act
urbintnsub, under, near, and urbs, a city.] of drawing, as fluids, by exhausting the air.
suburban, sub-urb'an, adj. situated, or living in t/te Sudatory, sQ'da-tor-i, adj.^ sweating.n. a sweat
suburbs, [h. suburbanus.} ing bath. [L. sudatoriessudo, sudatum, akin
Subversion, &c. Sec under Bubvert. to Sans, srtid, to sweat, and to Sweat.]
Subvert, sub-vert', V.t., to turn from beneath or sudorific, su-dor-ifik,
upside down ; to overthrow from the foundation ; medicine producingadj., causing sweat.n. a
to ruin utterly; to corrupt:Pr.p. subverting; andfacio, to make.] sweat. [L. sudor, sweat,
Pa.p. subverted.n. subvert'er. [L. sub, be Sudden, sud'en, adj. lit. coming secretly or stealth
neath, and verto. versum, to turn.] ily; unexpected: hasty; abrupt.-adv. sudd'-
subversion, sub-vershun, n., act of subverting or enly.n. sndd'enneu. [A.S. soden; Fr. souiiain;
overthrowing from the foundation; entire over Prov. sobtanL. subitancus, suddensubitus,
throw ; ruin. [L. subversion coming stealthilysub, up, and eo, itum, akin
subversive, sub-ver'siv, adj., tending to subvert, to Sans, i, to go.]
overthrow, or destroy.
Succeed, suk-sd', v.t., to come or follow up or in with soap. [Ger. sud, aor seethingsieden,
Buds, sudz, n.pt., seething boiling water mixed
to
order; to follow; to take the place of.v.i. to seethe. See Seethe. ]
follow in order; to take the place of; to accom Sue, sQ, v.t. lit. to follow; to prosecute at law ;
plish what is attempted ; to end with advantage :
pr.p. succeeding ; Pa.p. succeed ed. [L. sue- to gain by law.v.i. to make legal claim : to
make application ; to entreat ; to demand :
cedosub, up, from under, and cedo, to go.]
succedanetun, suk-se-dX'nc-iim, ., one ivlto or that sequor,suing
Pr.p. ; pa.p. sued', [Fr. suivre ; L.
which comes in t/ie place of another; a substi suit, sut, secutus, ., act
akin to Sans, each, to follow.]
of suing; an action at law: a
tute. [L. succedaneussuecedo.] petition: a series; a set: courtship.v.t. to
success, suk-ses', act of succeeding or state of fit : to become : to please.v.i. to agree ; to cor
having Succeeded ; the prosperous termination of respond :Pr.p. suiting; Pa.p. suit'ed.
anything attempted. [L. successussuccedo.] suitor, sur/or, n., one who sues or is sued ; a peti
successful, suk-ses fool, adj. , resulting in success ; tioner : a wooer.
having the desired effect or termination ; pros suitable, sut'a-bl, adj., that suits; fitting ; agreeable
perous.adv. successfully, to : adequate.n. ralt'ahleness.adv. suitably.
succession, suk-sesh'un, act ofsucceeding or fol suite, swt, n. a train offollowers or attendants :
lowing after : series ofpersons or things following a regular
each other ; series of descendants ; race : right Suet, sQ'et, n.set,, the particularly of rooms. [Fr.]
fat of an animal about the kid
to take possession. [L. successio.]
snccessional, suk-sesh'un-al, adj., existing in a Suiter, suf'er, v.t. lit.oldto Fr.
neys. [Fr. suif; suie ; L, sebum, fat.]
bear up; to undergo; to
regular succession or order,
successive, suk-sesiv, adj.,following in succession feel pain, or punishment : to: sustain
endure : to be affected by to permit.v.i. to
loss 'pr.p.
or in orderadv. successively. suffering ; pa.p. suffered.w. sufferer. [L.
, suk-scs'or, ., one who succeeds or comes sufferosub, under, andfero, to bear.]
after; one who takes the place of another [L.j sufferable, suf'er-a-bl, adj., that may be suffered;
A, suk-singkr*, adj. lit, girded up; short; allowable.
isc.adv. succinct ly. n. succinctness. [L. sufferance, suf'er-ans, state ofsuffering; endur
succinctussub, up, and cingo, to gird.] ance : permission ; toleration.
Succour, suk'ur, v.t., lit. to run up to; to assist: suffering, suf'er-ing, n,, something suffered; dis
to relieve '.Pr.p. succouring ; Pa.p. succoured. tress, loss, or injury.
n. aid ; relief.n. succ'ourer. [L. succurro, to Suffice, suf-fls', v.i. lit. to make or cause to be
run up tosub, up, and curro, to run.] under; to be enough: to be equal to.v.t. to
Succulent, suk'u-Ient, adj., lit. that may be sucked; satisfy .pr.p. suffIcing ; pa.p. sufficed'. [L.
full of juice or moisture.n. succ ulenceadv. sufficiosub, under, andfacio, to make.]
succ'ulently. [L. succulentussuccus, juice, the sufficient, suf-fish'ent, adj., sufficing ; enough :
thing sucked upsugo, to suck.] equal to ; competent.adv. sufficiently.
Succumb, suk-kumb', v.i., to lie down under; to sufficiency, suf-fish'en-si, n., state ofbeingsufficient;
yield :Pr.p. succumbing ; pa.p. succumbed'. competence: ability; capacity: conceit.
[L. sub, under, cumbo, to lie down.] Suffix, suf'iks, n. lit something fixed or added
8uch, such, adj., lit. so like; of the like kind: of beneath or after; a letter or syllable added to a
that quality or character mentioned.in B., word.v.t. suffix', to add a letter or syllable to
such like=such. [A.S. swelc, s?vilc ; Ger. solchcr; a word. [L. sub, under, beneath, AixAfgo, to fix.]
Goth. svaUikssva, so, and leiks, like.] Suffocate, suf'o-kSt, v.t. lit. to put something under
fate, far ; me, her ; mine ; mOte ; mute ; muon ; Men.
501
 suffocation sunny
the throat; to choke by stopping the breath; tanshlp. [Ar. sultan, power, princesalita, t'
to stifle '.Pr.p. suffocating ; Pa.p. suffocated. be strong : allied to Hcb. shalal, to rule.]
[I* suffocosub, under, and faux, faucis, pi. sultana, sul-tana or sul-tana, sultans**, sui'tan-e_s
fauces, the throat] ., the wife or queen ofa sultan.
allocation, suf-fo-ka'shun, *., act of suffocating: Sultry, sul'tri, adj., sweltering ; very hot and op
state of being suffocated. pressive ; close.n. uul'trine&s. [another form is
Suffrage, suf'rSj, ., a vote: united voice, as of a sweltry, from root of Swelter.]
nation, or a congregation in prayer. [L. suffra- Sum, sum, n. lit. the summit or chiefPoint: the
giumsuffragor, to vote for.] amount of two or more things taken together ;
Boflragan, suf'ra-gan, adj. lit. votingfor; assisting. the whole of anything: a quantity of money:
n. an assistant bishop. a problem in arithmetic : chief points ; substance ;
Bttffuw, suf-fuz7, v.t., tofour underneath ; to over summary: height; completion.v.t. to collect
spread or cover, as with a fluid '.Pr.p. suffGs'- into one amount or whole ; to count : to bring
ing; Pa.p. sufltteed'. [L. sub, underneath, and into a few words:^r.>.summ'ing;>a./.summed'.
fundo,fusum, to pour.] [L. summasummus, supremus, highest, superl.
suffusion, suf-fu'zhun, act or operation ofsuffus of superus, on highsuper, above.]
ing; state of being suffused: that which is summary, sum'ar-i, adj., summed up or condensed .
suffused. short ; brief : compendious : done by a short
Sugar, shoog'ar, n. a sweet substance obtained method.n. an abstract, abridgment, or com
pendium.adv. summarily.
chiefly from a kind of cane.v.t. to sprinkle, summarise, sum'ar-Iz,f./. to present in a summaryor
or mix with sugar: to compliment \~pr.p. briefly '.Pr.p. summ'arlsing ; Pa.p. summ'arised.
sug'aring ; Pa.p. sug'ared. [Fr. sucre; It. zuc- summation, sum-a'shun, ., act ofsumming orform
chero; L. saccharutn; Gr. sakcharotiPers. ing a total amount ; an aggregate.
shakar; Sans. (arharaJ]
sugar-cane, shoog'ar-kan, n. the cane or plant from summit, sum'it, ., the highest point or degree ;
the top. [L. summitassummus, supremus.']
which sugar is chiefly obtained.
sugary, shoog'ar-i, adj., sweetened with, tasting Summer, sinner, n. the second and warmest season
of the yearJune, July, Augustv.i. in B., to
of, or like sugar; fond of sweets.
Bnggett, sug-jest', v.t. lit. to carry to introduce summ'cred. summer
pass the '.j>r.P- summ'ering ; Pa.p.
[A.S. sumer; old Ger. and Ice.
indirectly to the thoughts : to hint ;pr.p. sug suntar; Gael, samhradh; acc. to Garnett from
gesting; Pa.p. suggested. [L. sub, up, and Ir. samhj Sans, root'-Ksmr, mild, gentle ; and so
gero, getturn, to carry.] = the mild or genial season.]
suggestion, sug-jest/yun, ., act ofsuggesting; hint : summer-house, sum'er-hous, n. a house in a garden
proposal. used in summer: a house for summer residence.
suggestive, sug-jest'iv, adj., containing a sugges Summerset, same as Somersault.
tion or hint.adv. suggest'lvely. Summit. See under Bum.
Suicide, sQ'i-sTd, ., one whofalls or dies by his own Summon, sum'un, v.t. lit. to warn secretly: to
hand : self-murder, [low L. suicidiumL. sui, call with authority; to command to appeal,
of himself, and cadot to killcado, to fall. ]
suicidal, su'i-sld-al, adj., pertaining to, orpartaking esp. in court : to rouse to exertion '.pr.p. summ-
oning ; Pa.p. summ'oned.n. omm'onar. [L.
of the crime of suicide.adv. tuidd'ally. summoneo~sub, secretly, and maneo, to warn.]
Salt, Suitable, Suite, Suitor. See under Sue.
Bulcate, sulTcSt, Bulcated, sul'kat-cd, adj., fur summons, sum'unz, n.t a summoning or an authori
rowed; grooved. [L. sulco, sulcatum, to furrow Snmpter, calltative ; a call to appear, esp. in court.
sumr/ter, n. a horse for carrying packs or
sulcus, a furrow.] burdens. [Fr. sommier; L. sagmariusL. and
Bulky.sulk'i, adj. lit. slow ; obstinate ; silently sullen. Gr. sagma, a pack-saddleGr. satto, to pack.]
n. sulk'lnesa. [A.S. solcen, slow : or perh. sulty Sumptuary, surapt'u-ar-i, adj., pertaining to or it-
old Fr. soltif, sullen, solitary. Compare Sullen.J gulating [L. sumptuariussuma,sump-
Galien, sul'en, adj. lit solitary ; gloomily angry ; turn, to take, contr. of sub, up, emo, to buy.]
obstinate : malignant : dark.adv. euU enly.
n. suU'ennew. [old . solein, solain ; Prov. solan, sumptuous, sumpt'u-us, adj., veryexpensive; costly :
magnificent.adv. sumptuously.
solitaryL. solus, alone. See Bole.]
Bully.sul'i.i'.t, to soil; to spot : to tarnish.v.i. to be light andn.heatthe; abody
Sun, sun, which is the source of
body which forms the centre
soiled :/r./. sull'ying ; Pa.p. siuTied.n. spot : of a system of orbs: that which resembles the
tarnish. [Fr. souiller; It. sogliare. See Soil, v.] sun in brightness or value.v.t. to expose to the
Sulphur, sul'fur, n. a yellow mineral substance, very sun's rays :pr.p. sunn'ing ; pa.p. sunned'. [A.S.
fusible and inflammable; brimstone. [L. ; Sans. sumie; Ice. sunna; Goth, sunno; Sans, statu.]
sulvari.] ^ [with a salifiable base. sunbeam, sunljem, n. a beam or ray of the sun,
sulphate, sul'filt, n. a combination of sulphuric acid sunburned, sun'burnd, sunburnt, sun'burot, adj.,
sulphureous, sul-fu're-us, adj., consisting of, con burned or discoloured by the sun.
taining, or having the qualities at sulphur.
Bulphuret, sul'ffl-ret, n. a combination of sulphur Sunday, sun'da, . the first day of the week, so
with an alkali, earth, or metal. called because dedicated to the sun or its worship.
sulphuretted, sul-fQ-ret'ed, adj., having sulphur in fore-part of an.,larger
unush, sun'fish, ajish whose body resembles the
combination. [taincd from sulphur. to be so called from itsfishnearly cut short off, supposed
sulphuric, sul-fu'rik, adj., pertaining to, or ob- sunflower, sun'flow-er, n. a plant circular form.
so called from its
ulphurous, sul'fur-us, adj., pertaining to, resem Jlower, which is a large disk with yellow rays.
bling, or containing sulphur. sunless, sun'les, adj., without the sun; deprived of
Sultan, sul'tan, . lit. a nder or mighty man ; the the sun or its rays ; shaded ; dark.
supreme head of the Ottoman empire.n. sul'- sunny, sun'i, adj., Pertaining to, coming from, or
fate, far ; mi, her ; mine ; mOte ; mute ; mOOn ; then.
 sunrise Supersede
like the sun ; exposed 10, warmed, or coloured superficial, su-per-fish'al, adj., pertaining to, or
by the sun's rays.n. sunn'iness. being on the surface ; shallow ; slight : contain
sunrise, sun'rTz, sunxising, sun'rlz-ing, n. the rising ing only what is apparent and simple : not
or first appearance of the sun above the horizon ; learned.adv. lupern cially.n. npern'cialneai.
the time of this rising : the east. Superfine, su'per-fIn, adj., fine above others ; finer
unset, sun'set, sunsettlnp, sun'set-ing, n. the set than ordinary. [L. super, above, and Fine.]
ting or going down of the run ; the west. "Superfluous, sO-per'Aoa-us, adj. lit. overflowingI
sunshine, sun'shTn, n. the shitting tight of the sun ; more than enough ; useless.adv. super 11uously.
the place on which he shines : warmth. [L. superfluussuper, above, andflud, to flow.]
sunshine, sun'shTn, sunshiny, sun'shln-i, adj., bright .superfluity, su-pcr-fioO'i-ti, ., a superfluous quan
with sunshine ; pleasant: bright like the sun. tity or more than enough : state of being super
sunstroke, sun'strOk, n. lit a stroke of the sun or its fluous ; superabundance.
heat : a nervous diseasc,from exposure to the sun. Superhuman, sG-pcr-hu'man, adj., above what is
enuward, sun'ward, adv., toward the sun. human ; divine. [L. suier, above, and Human.]
Superimpoae, su-per-im-poz,
Sunder, sun'der, v.t., to se/araU ; to divide: above. [L. super, above, and v.t., to impose or lay
Pr.p. sun'dering; A*-/- sun'dercd : in B., In sun- Superincumbent, su-per-in-kum'bent, Impose.]
der, asunder. [A.S. sundrian, to separate ; sun bent or lying above. [L. super, above,adj., incum
Incumbent.]
der, separate ; Ice. sundr, asunder.]
sundry, sun'dri. ad/-, separate; more than one or and above something else. [L. super, above,over
Superinduce, su-per-in-dQs', v.t., to bring in
and
two ; several ; divers. inducem, in, and duco, to bring.]
Sank, Sunken, pa.p. of Sink. Superintend, su-per-in-tend', v.t. tit. to be intent
Sap, sup, v.t. to take into the mouth, as a liquid. over anything ; to have the oversight or charge
v.t. to eat the evening meal : in B., to sip : of; to control. [L. super, above, and itttendo-
Pr.p. supp'ing ;J>a.p. supped'.n. a small mouth in, on, and tendo, to stretch.]
ful, as of a liquid. [A. S. supan ; Ice. suPa ; Ger. superintendence, sfl-per-in-tend'ens, ., act ofsuper
saufen, to drink : from the sound.]
supper, sup'per, n., that which is supped: a meal superintendent,oversight
intending-, ; direction; management.
su-per-in-teftd'ent, adj. , superin
taken at the close of the day. [Fr. sourer.] tending.n. one who superinterfds ; overseer.
eupperleas, sup'pcr-les, adj., without supper. Superior, sfl-pCVi-or, adj., upper; higher in place,
Superabound, su-per-a-bound', v.t'., to abound ex rank, or excellence : surpassing others : beyond
ceedingly; to be more than enough. [L. super, the influence of.., one superior to others ; the
above, and Abound. ) chief of a monastery, &c and of certain
superabundant, sQ-per-a-bun'dant, adj., abundant churches and colleges. [L-, comp. of su/erus,
to excess: more than enough: copious.adv. highsuper, above.]
superabundantly.n. superabundance. superiority, sfl-pfi-ri-or'i-ti, n., quality or state of
Superadd, su-per-ad', v.t., to add over and above. being superior; pre-eminence ; advantage.
n. superaddi'tion. [L. super, above, and Add. ; Superlative, su-pcrTa-tiv, adj., carried above others
Superannuate, sfl-per-an u-at, v.t. to impair by living or to the highest degree : superior to all others :
beyond the years of service or by old age : to most eminent : in gram., expressing the highest
pension on account of old age or infirmity : degree of a quality.n. in gram., the superla
pr.p. superannuating ; Pa.p. superannuated. [L. tive degree of adjectives and adverbs.-adv.
super, above, and annus, a year.] superlatively. [L. superlativus superlatus,
superannuation, sG-pcr-an-u-a'shun, n. , state ofbeing pa.p. o( superferosuper, above,fero, to carry.]
superannuated. Supernal, sG-peVnal, adj., that is above or in a
Superb, sQ-perb', adj. lit. that thinks himself supe higher place or region : relating to things above ;
rior to others, proud ; magnificent ; stately : ele celestial. [L. supemussuper, above.]
gant.adv.superbly. [L.suprrbussuper^bovc. ] Supernatural, su-per-nar/u-rai, adj., above the powers
Supercargo, su-per-kaVgo, . an officer or person in of nature ; not according to the usual course of
a merchant-ship placed over the cargo and super nature ; miraculous ; spiritual.adv. lupernat.'-
intending all the commercial transactions of the urally. [L. ruper, above, and Natural]
voyage. [L. super, over, and Cargo.] Supernumerary, su-pcr-nQm'er-ar-i, adj., over and
Supercilious, su-per-sin-us, adj. lit. lifting tr/ the above tlte number stated, or necessary. a
eyebrows; lofty with pride; disdainful; dicta person or thing beyond the usual, necessary,
torial ; overbearing.adv. superciliously.n. or stated number. [L. supernumerariussuper,
rapercll'lonincsi. [L. supercitiorussupercitium, over, and Humerus, a number.]
an eyebrowsuper, above, and cilium, eyelid, Superpose, su-per-DoY, v.t., to place over or upon :
akin to Gr. kula, the parts under the eyes.] pr.p. sflperpOYing ; pa.p. superposed'. [L.
Superemlnent, su-pcr-em'i-nent, adj. eminent in a super, over, and pono, fositum, to place.]
superior degree ; excellent beyond others.adv. superposition, sQ-ptr-po-zish'un, ., act of super-
Bupir-rm'irrntly.. euperem lueccc. (L. super, Posing; state of being superposed : that which is
above, and Eminent.] above anything.
Supererogation, su-per-er--g5'shun, n. lit. paying Superscribe, su-pcr-skrlb', v.t., to write or engrave
out or giving above what is asked : doing more over, on the outside or top ; to write the name
than duty requires or is necessary for salvation. on the outside or cover of:pr.p. sQperscrlb'-
[L. super, above, and erogo, -aturn, to pay out ing ; pa.p. superscribed'. [L. super, over, above,
-ex, out of, and rogo, to ask.] and scribo, scriptum, to write.}
Superexcellent, su-per-ek'scl-lent, adj., excellent superscription, su-per-skrip'shunj ., act of super,
abm<e others, or in an uncommon degreen. scribing: that which is written or engraved
lupcrex ceiiecce. fL. super, above, Excellent.] above or on the outside.
Superficies, su-pcr-fishez, ths upperface or sur Supersede, su-pcr-s5d\ v.t., tosit or be above or su
face ; the outer face or part of a thing. [L. perior to ; to make useless by superior power ; to
ruper, above, andjades, face.] come inthe room of; to displace :pr.p. super-
fate, far; m, her; mine ; mOtc ; mute ; mCOn ; then.
 Superstition
siding; fa.}. sOpersed'ed. [L. super, above,
and sedeo, sessum, to sit.]
Superstition, sG-per-stish'un, w. lit. a being exces
sive (in religion) over a thing, as if in wonder
or fear ; excessive reverence or fear : excessive
exactness in religious opinions or practice ; false
worship or religion : the belief in supernatural
agency ; belief in what is absurd, without evi
dence. [L. superstitio, excessive religious be
liefsuper, over, above, and sto, to stand.]
superstitious, sfl-per-stish'us, adj.,pertaining to, or
proceeding from superstition; shewing or given
to superstition ; over-exact.adv. upersti'tioualy.
Superstructure, sO.-per-strukt'Or, ., a structure
above or on something else ; anything erected on
a foundation. [L. super, above, and Structure.]
Supervene, sO-per-ven', v.i., to come above or
upon ; to occur, or take place '.pr.p. superv5n'-
ing ; Pa.p. supervened'. [L. super, above, and
venio, ventum, to come,]
supervention, su-per-vea'shun, act of superven
ing or taking place.
Supervise, su-per-viz', v.t.. to oversee; to super
intend:^-./, supervising; pa.p. supervised'.
[L. super, over, and video, visum, to see.]
supervisal, su-per-vl^al, supervision, sO-per-vizh'un,
act ofsupervising; inspection ; control.
supervisor, su-per-vTr/or, n., one who supervises;
an overseer ; an inspector.
Supine, su-pTn', adj., lying on the back; leaning
backward : negligent ; indolent.adv. supinely.
h. supinenes*. [L. supinussub, under.]
Supper, &c. See under Sup.
Supplant, sup-plant', v.t. lit. to trip up one's heels;
to displace ; to take the place of; to undermine.
h. supplant'er. [L. supplanto, to trip up one's
heels-sub, under, planta, the sole of the foot.]
Supple, sup'I, adj.,folding under or back ; pliant ;
lithe: yielding to the humour of others; fawn
ing.v.t. to make supple : to make soft or com
pliant. v.i. to become supple :Pr.p. suppling ;
pa.p. suppled.. suppleness. [Fr. soupU;
Uret. soubla, to bend down ; Gael, subailt, flex
ible; prob. from h. supplex, bending the knees
sub, under, andplico, to fold. See Pliant.]
Supplement, &c- See under Supply.
Suppliant. See under Supplicate.
Supplicate, supli-kat, v.t. lit. to fold the knees
under one, to kneel to ; to entreat earnestly ; to
address in prayer :/>r.p. supplicating ; Pa.p.
supplicated. [L. supplico, -aturnsufplex,
kneeling downsub, under, andplico, to told.]
supplicant, sup'U-kant, adj., supplicating; asking
submissively. n. one who supplicates or entreats
earnestly. [L. supplicans, pr.p. of supplico.]
supplication, up-li-kVshun, ., act of supplicat
ing; earnest prayer or entreaty. [L. suppttcatio.]
supplicatory, supli-ka-tor-i, adj., containing sup
plication or entreaty ; humble.
suppliant, sup'li-ant, adj., supplicating; asking
earnestly ; entreating.w. a humble petitioner.
adv. supp'Uantly. [Fr. suppliant, pr.p. of
supplierL. supplico.}
Supply, sup-pll', v.t., to fill up, esp. a deficiency;
to add what is wanted ; to furnish :~pr.p. sup
plying ; Pa.p. supplied'. [L. suppleosub, up,
and pleo, to fill.]
supply, sup-pll*, act ofsupplying: that which is
supplied or which supplies a want ; amount of
food or money provided (used generally in //.).
fate, far; me, her; mine;
Surf
supplement, suplS-ment, thai which supplies or
fills up; an addition.v.t. to supply or fill up ;
to add to :pr.p. supplementing ; pa.p. sup/plcV
mented. [L. supplementumsuppleo.\
supplemental, sup-plc-ment'al, supplementary, sup-
plfi-ment'ar-i, adj. added to supply what is
wanting ; additional.
Support, sup-pOrt', v.t., to bear up; to endure or
sustain : to keep up ; to make good ; to defend :
to represent :/r./.supporting ; /'a./.suppOrt'ed.
n., act ofsupporting or upholding : that which
supports, sustains, or maintains ; maintenance*
[L. sub, up, andPorto, to bear.]
supportable, sup-pOrt'a-bl, adj. , capable cf bring
supported; endurable ; capable of being main
tained.adv. support'ably.
supporter, sup-pCrt'er, n., one who or that which
supports; an adherent; a defender: in her., a
figure on each side of the escutcheon.
Suppose, sup-poY, v.t. lit. to place under; to lay
down, assume, or state as true ; to imagine :
pr.p. supposing; supposed'.n. suppoe'er.
[Fr. supposesL. sub, under, and pone, post-
turn, to place.]
opposable, sup-pOr/a-bl, adj., that maybesupposed.
supposition, sup-po-zish'un, ., act of supposing;
that which is supposed ; assumption.
supposititious, sup-poz-i-tish'us, adj. , supposed, or
not genuine ; spurious ; put by trick in the place
of another. [L. suppositiousL. suppono.]
Suppress, sup-pres', v.t., to press or put down; to
crush ; to keep in ; to retain or conceal : to stop.
n. suppress'or. [L. sub, under, down, and Prese.]
suppression, sup-presh'un, n., act of suppressing;
stoppage ; concealment. [subduing.
suppressive, sup-pres/iv, adj., tending to suppress;
Suppurate, sup'u-rat, v.i. to gather pus or matter
underneath;pr.p. supp'urating ; Pa.p. supp'-
urated. [L. suppuro.-atumsub, under, and Pas.1
suppuration, sup-Q-rSlshun, ., act or process of
suppurating or producing pus; matter.
suppurative, sup'u-rat-iv, adj., tending to suppu
rate ; promoting suppuration.. a medicine
that promotes suppuration.
Supramundine, sG-pra-mun'dan, adj. situated above
the ivorld. [L. supra, above, and Mundane.]
Supreme, su-prem', adj., highest; greatest; most
excellentadv. supremely. [L. supremus, super),
of siiperus, highsuper, above.]
supremacy, sQ-prem'a-51, ., state ofbeingsupreme;
highest authority or power.
Surcease, sur-ses', v.i., to cease.v.t. to cause to
cease. [Fr. surseoir, pa.p. sursis, to leave off
sur, L. super, over, and seoir, L. sedeo, to sit.]
Surcharge, sur-chSrj', v.t., to overcharge or over
load.n. an excessive load. [Fr. sur, L. super,
over, and Charge.]
Surd, surd, adj. lit. deaf; involving surds.. in
alg., a quantity inexpressible by rational num
bers or which has no root [L. surdus, deaf.]
Bore, sho"5r, adj., secure; fit to be depended on;
strong ; confident beyond douhi.advs. sure,
sure ly. [Fr. sur; old Fr. segur; contr. of Secure.]
surety, shGOrli, ., state ofbeing sure; certainty :
he or that which makes sure ; security against
loss ; one who becomes bound for another.
suretiship, sh55r'ti-ship, ., state of being surety;
obligation of one person to answer for another.
Burf, surf, n. the foam made by the dashing ofwaves,
[old Fr. surflot, the rising of billow upon billow.]
mOte; mute: mOTn ; then.
 snrfy sustentation
turfy, surfi, adj., abounding in surf. adv. surrepti'tiously. [L. surripio, surrrftum
Burfaee, sur'fas, ., the upper face ; the exterior sub, under, and rapio, to seize.]
part of anything. [Fr. ; L. superficiessuper,, Surrogate, surfo-git, . lit. one asked to act in the
above, andfacies, face.] place ofanother ; a substitute : the deputy of an
Surfeit, surfit, v.t. lit. to overdo; to fill to satietyf ecclesiastical judge. [L. surrogo, surrogatum
and disgust :/-./. surfeiting: pa.p. surfeited. sub, in the place of, and rogo, to ask.]
n. excess in eating and drinking. [Fr. surfait' Surround, sur-round', v.t., to go round about; to
sur, over, fait, done-/aire, X..facia, to do.] encompass. [Ft. sur, L,. super, about, and Round.)
surfeiting, sur'nt-ing, n. eating overmuch; gluttony. Surtout, sur-tOOt', . orig. a man's coat worn over
Snrfy. Sec under Surf. all his other garments : a close-bodied frock-
coat. [Fr.sur, L. super, over, and tout, all.]
Surgfl, surj, n., the rising or swelling of a large' Surveillance,
wave.v. i. to rise high ; to swell '.Pr.p. surg'- sur-vel'yans, n., a being vigilant or
ing : Pa.p. surged'. [It. sorgere, to rise upL. watchful ; inspection. [Fr.surveiltersur,
over, andveitter, L. vigilare, towatch. See Vigil.]
surgo, to rise ; contr. of surrigosub, from1 Survey, sur-va', v.t., tosee or look over; to inspect;
below, and rego, to guide.] See Source.
surgy, surj'i, adj.,full ofsurges or waves ; billowy. to superintend; to examine: to measure and esti
Surgeon, sur'jun, n. one who cures external diseases [old Fr.assvrveoirh.
mate, land '.pr.p. surveying ; Pa.p. surveyed'.
super, over, and video,to see.)
by working or operating upon them with the survey, sur'va, oversight; view: examination:
hand, [a contr. of Chirurgeon ] the measuring of land, or of a country.
surgeoncy, sur'jun-si, ., the office or employment of** surveyor,
a surgeon
urgery, navy.or profession of a seer : a measurer of land.n. surveys
in the armytheorart
suKjer-i,
sur-va. or, n., one who ; an over
survey'orshlp.
surgeon .* a place for surgical operations. Survive, sur-vlv', v.t., to live beyond; to outlive.
surgical, sur'jik-al, adj., pertaining to surgeons, or v.i. to remain alive:Pr.p. surviving; pa.p.
to surgery ; done by surgery.adv. surgically. survived'. [Fr. survivresur, L. super, beyond,
Surgy. Sec under Surge. and vivre, L. vivo, to live.)
Surloln, the preferable form of Sirloin. survival, sur-vTv'al, k., a surviving or living after,
Surly, surli, adj., sourtike ; morose: uncivil: tem survivor, sur-viv'or, ., one who survives or lives
pestuous.adv. surlily.. surliness. [A.S. after another.n. survivorship.
surelice, sour-likesur, sour, and lie, lice, like : 8usceptlble, sus-sep'ti-bl, adj. lit able to be taken
Wedgwood thinks the orig. meaning to have or laid hold offrom beneath ; capable of receiv
been sir-like, arrogant. ] ing anything: impressible.adv. suscep'tlbly.
Surmise, siir-nnz', v.t., to put or fix the mind upon; [Fr.L. suscipio,susceptumsub, from beneath,
to imagine ; to suspect :~Pr.p. surmising; Pa.p. and capio, to take.]
surmised'.. suspicion; conjecture, [old h, susceptibility, sus-scr>ti-bill-ti, ., quality ofbeing
surmise, accusationsitrmettre, to accusesur, susceptible; capability : sensibility,
L. super, upon, L. mitto, to send, to put.] susceptive, sus-sep'tiv, adj., capable ofreceiving or
Surmount, sur-mount', v.t., to mount above; to admitting ; readily admitting.
surpass. [Fr. sur, L. super, above, and Mount.] Suspect, sus-pekf, v.t. lit. to look under; to mis
surmountable, sur-mount'a-bl, adj., that may be trust : to imagine to be guilty : to conjecture :
surmounted. Pr.p. suspecting; pa.p. suspect'cd. [L. sub,
Surname, sur'nam, ., a name over and above the under,
Christian name.v.t. to call by a surname. [Fr. suspicion, and specio, spectum, to look at]
sus-pish'un, ., act of suspecting; the
sur, L. super, over and above, and Name.] imagining of something without evidence or on
Surpass, sur-pas7, v.t., to pass beyond; to exceed : slender evidence : mistrust,
to excel. [Fr. sur, L. super, beyond, and Fan.] suspicious, sus-pish'us,
surpasaabla, sur-pas'a-bl, adj., that may be sur ing suspicion ; liableadj.,fullofsuspicion ; shew
to suspicion ; doubtful.
passed or excelled. adv. suspi ciously.n. suspiciousness.
Surplice, sur'plis, n. lit, the robe worn above the Suspend, sus-pend' v.t., to hang one thing beneath
Pelisse; a white garment worn by the clergy. another: to make to depend on: to delay: to
{Fr. surplis, low L. superpelliciumL. super, debar:pr.p. suspending ; /a./, suspended.
above, and Pellicium, a pelisse. Sec Pelisse.] k. suspend'et. [L. suspendosub, beneath, pen-
Surplus, surplus, ., the overplus: excess above do, pensum, to hang.]
what is required. [Fr.sur, L. super, over, suspense, sus-pens', state of being suspended ;
and plus, more.] uncertainty ; indecision : stop,
surplusage, suKpIus-uj, ., overplus. suspension, sus-pen'shun, ., act of suspending;
Surprise, sur-prlz', v.t. lit. to take or catch upon; interruption ; delay : temporary privation of
to come upon suddenly or unawares : to strike office or privilege : a conditional withholding,
with wonder or astonishment : to confuse :Pr.p. suspensory, sus-pens'or-i, adj., that suspends ;
surprising ; pa.p. surprised'.. act of taking doubtful.n. that which suspends ; a bandage.
unawares : the emotion caused by anything sud
den ; amazement. [Fr.sur, L. super, upon, and Suspicion, Suspicious, &c. See under Suspect.
prendre, L. prehcttdo, to take. See Hand. ] Sustain, sus-tan', v.t., to hold up; to bear : to main
surprising, sur-prlr/ing, adj., exciting surprise; tain: to relieve: to prove: to sanction: to prolong:
wonderful: unexpected.adv. surprisingly.
Surrender, sur-ren'aer, v.t., to render or deliver pr.p. sustaining ; pa.p. sustained'.. sus-
taln'er. [L. sub, up, teneo, to hold.] [tained.
over; to resign.-v.t. to yield up one's self to sustainable, sus-ian'a-bl, adj., that may be sus-
another.n. act of yielding, or giving up to sustenance, sus'ten-ans, ., that which sustains;
another. [Fr. sur, L. super, over, and Eander.] maintenance ; provisions,
Surreptitious, sur-rep-tish'us, adj., seized in an sustentation, sus-ten-U'shun, n., that which sus
underhand manner; done by stealth or fraud. tains; support; maintenance.
fate, far; m5, her; mine; mote ; mute; mOon; Men.
 Sutler
Butler, sutler, n. lit. a dabbler, one who does mean,
dirty work; a person who follows an army and
sells provisions, &c. [old Dutch, soeteler, a small
tradersoetelen, to do mean work ; Ger. sudler,
a dabblersudehi, to do dirty work.]
ratling, sut/Ung, adj'.t pertaining to sutlers ; en
gaged in the occupation of a sutler.
Suture, stit'Or, n. in med., the sewing- together of a
wound ; the seam uniting the bones ofthe skull :
in dot., the seam at the union of two margins in
a plant. [L. suturasuo, to sew.]
ratural, sflt'Or-al, adj., relating to a suture.
tutored, sut'urd, adj., having, or united by sutures.
Suzerain, sO'zc-rSn, n, lit. one who is aboveI a feu
dal lord. [Fr. sus, L. susum, sursum, above.]
Sec Sovereign.
suzerainty, su'ze-ran-ti, the dominion ofa suze
rain; paramount authority.
Swab, swob, n. lit. that which splashes water:
a mop for cleaning or drying floors, decks, &c.
v.t. to clean or dry with a swab :pr.p. swabb'-
ing ; Pa.p. swabbed'. [Sw. swabb ; Dutch,
zwabSer; Norw. svabba, to splash water.]
swabber, swob'er, n., one who uses a swab; an
officer who sees that the ship is kept clean.
Swaddle, swod'l, v.t., to swathe or bind tight with
clothes, as an infant :pr.p. swaddling ; pa.p.
swaddled. [A.S. swatthil, swathing; swethel,
a swaddling-band ; akin to Swathe.]
swaddling-band, swodling-band, swaddling-cloth,
swod ling-kloth, n. a band or cloth formerly
usedfor swaddling an infant : in B.t swaddling-
clothes.
Swagger, swag'er, v.i., to sway or swing the body
in bluster ; to brag noisily ; to bully.n. boast*
fulness ; insolence of manner.*. swagg erer,
[akin to Sway, Swing.]
Swam, swan, n. lit a servant; a young man; a
peasant : a country lover. [A.S.swan, lec.sveinn,
young man, servant ; Dan. svend, servant.]
Swallow, swol'O, n. a migratory bird with long
wings which seizes its insect food on the wing.
[A. S. swaiewe ; Ice. svala ; Ger. schwalbe.]
Swallow, swol'O, v.t. to receive through the gullet
into the stomach : to ingulf; to absorb : to oc
cupy : to exhaust '.Pr.p. swaU'owing ; pa.p.
swallowed. [A.S. swelgan, old Ger. swelgtn,
Ice. svelgjasvelgrt the gullet.]
Swamp, swomp, n. wet, spongy land ; low ground
filled with water. t. to sink in, or as in a
swamp : to overset, or cause to fill with water,
as a boat '.pr.p. swamping ; Pa.p. swamped',
[akin to Ice. squampa, to splash; Dan. swamp,
A.S. swamm. Ger. schwamm, a sponge.]
wampy, swomp i, adj., consisting of swamp; wet
and spongy.
Swan, swon, n. a web-footed bird like the duck and
goose, superior in size and beauty. [A.S. ; Ger.
schwan; Dutch, xwaan; old Ger. suan.]
Sward, swawrd, . lit. the shin ofswine ; the grassy
surface of land ; green turf.v.t. to cover with
sward. [A.S. sweard, Ger. schwarte, Ice. svordr,
the slctn of bacon, sward.]
swarded, swawrd'ed, swardy, swawrd'i, adj., covered
with sward
, swar, in B.,pa.t. of Swear,
i, swawrm, n. lit. a body ofhumming orbuzz
ing insects ; a cluster of insects, esp. of bees :
a great number ; throng.v.i. to gather as bees :
to appear in a crowd ; to throng ; to abound :
50S fate, far ; me", her ; mine ;
sweeten
to breed multitudes :pr.p. swarming ; pa.p.
swarmed'. [A.S. swearm; oldGer. swarm ; Ger.
Schwann, noisy revelry, schwarmen, to buzz.]
Swarthy, swawrth'i, adj., ofa blackish complexion ;
tawny.adv. swurth'ily.n. swarth'inett. [A.S.
sweart ; Ice. svartr, Ger. schwarz, black.]
Swath, swawth, n. lit. a way: a line of grass or
corn cut by the scythe : the sweep of a scythe.
[A.S. swathe, path; Ger. schwade; akin toWay.]
Swathe, swath, v.t., to bind with a band or band
age :pr.p* swathing ; Pa.p. swathed'.n. a
bandage. [A.S. be-swethan.]
Sway, sw3, v.t., to swing or wield with the hand :
to incline to one side : to influence by power or
moral force ; to govern.v.i. to incline to one
side : to govern : to have weight or influence :
Pr.p. swaying ; pa.p. swayed'.m. the sweep
of a weapon : that which moves with power :
preponderance : power in governing; influence,
or authority inclining to one side. [Dutch,
srwaayen, Dan. svaie, to swing: Ice. sveigja,
Dan. sveie, to bend.]
Swear, swar, v.i. lit. to declare as true; to affirm,
calling God to witness; to give evidence on
oath : to utter the name of God or of sacred
things profanely.v.t. to utter, calling God to
witness : to administer an oath to : to declare
on oath :Pr.p. swearing ; Pad. swOre ; Pa.p.
sworn.n. swearer. [A.S. and old Ger. swerian.
Ger. schwSrenold Ger. war, Ger. toahr, true.]
Sweat, swet, . the wet or moisture from the skin :
labour; drudgery.v.i. to give out sweat or
moisture : to tod.v.t. to give out, as sweat :
to cause to sweat:Pr.p. sweating; Pa.p.
sweated. [A.S. swat; Ice. sveiti; Dan. sved:
akin to L. sudo, Sans, svid, to sweat.]
sweaty, swell, adj., wet with sweat : consisting of
sweat : laborious.n. eweat'lnees.
Swede, sw3d, n., a native ofSweden.
Swedish, Swedish, adj., pertaining to Sweden.
Sweep, swep, v.t., to wipe, or rub over with a
brush or broom ; to carry along or off by a long
brushing stroke or force ; to destroy, or carry
off at a stroke; to strike with a long stroke : to
carry with pomp : to drag over : to pass rapidly
over.v.t. to pass swiftly and forcibly : to pass
with pomp : to move with a long reach :pr.p.
sweeping ; pad. and pa.p. swept.n. act of
sweeping : extent of a stroke, or of anything
turning or in motion: direction of a curve..
sweep'er. [A.S. swapan, low Ger. swepen ; Ice.
sofia, to sweep, to wipe ; allied to Wipe.]
weepings, sweplngz, n.pi. things collected by
sweeping; rubbish.
sweepstakes, swep'stakz, ft. one who wins or j
off all the stakes : the sum of the stakes.
Sweet, swei, adj., pleasing to the taste or i
tasting like sugar ; fragrant : melodious : beauti
ful: fresh: not stale, sour, or putrid: mild;
obliging.n. a sweet substance: a term of en
dearment :in pi. sweetmeats.adv. sweaVry.
K.iweet'neM. [A.S. swet, Goth, suits, Gr. hedys,
akin to L. suavis, sweet, for suadvisSans.
svad, to taste.]
sweetbread, swe't'bred, n. the pancreas of an
animal used for foodso called from its sweet'
ness and resemblance to bread,
sweet-brier, sweY-bri-er, n. a kind of rose resem
bling the brier, having a szveet smell.
sweeten, swet'n, v.t., to make sweet; to make
pleasing, mild, or kind ; to increase the agreeable
mOte ; mOte ; mOOn ; then.
 sweetening
qualities of : to make pure and healthy 'pr.p.
sweet'euing ; Pa.p. sweetened.n. nraet'e&er.
sweetening, swot n-ing, n., act ofsweetening', that
which sweetens.
sweetheart, swet/hart, n. lit. one who is very sweet;
a lover or mistress. [Sweet, and old Gcr. augmen
tative affix hart.]
sweetish, swcVish, adj., somewhat sweet to the
taste.n. iweet'lshness.
sweetmeat, sweVmCt, n., sweet food; confections
made of sugar. [Sweet, and Meat]
sweet-pea, sweY-pc", n.t a pea cultivated for its sweet
fragrance and beauty.
sweet-potato, swgt-po-ta'to, n. a plant common in
tropical countries having tubers like the potato,
which are sweet and highly esteemed as food.
sweet-william, swfit-wil'yam, . a species of pink of
many colours and varieties.
Swell, swel, v.i. to grow larger ; to expand : to rise
into waves ; to heave : to be inflated : to bulge
out : to grow louder : to be bombastic : to become
elated, arrogant, or angry : to crow upon the
view.v.t. to increase the size of: to aggravate :
to increase the sound of: to raise to arrogance :
pr.t. swelling ; pa.p. swelled' 6r swollen
(swain).. act of swelling ; increase in size or
sound ; a gradual rise of ground : a wave ; the
waves or tides of the sea, esp. after a storm.
[A.S. swellan;
swelling, swelling, Dutch,
adj. inswellen; Ice. svella.]
B.t inflated, proud,
haughty.. protuberance : a tumour: a rising,
as of passion : in B., inflation by pride.
Swelter, swelter, v.i, to be faint, or ready to perish
with heat '.pr.p. sweltering ; Pa.p. sweltered.
[A.S. sweltan, to die ; Ice. svelta, to hunger.]
Swerve, swerv, v.i., to turn, wander, or depart
from any line, duty, or custom ; to incline :
pr.p. swerving ; Pa.p. swerved'. [A.S. hweorfan,
Ice. hverfa, to.turn or bend; Dutch, swerven,
old Ger. swerben, to wander : conn, with Warp.]
Swift, swift, adj., wavingQt movingquickly ; fleet ;
rapid ; speedy ; ready.n. a swiftly flying bird
of the swallow tribe. [A.S.swi/an, to move
quickly. Ice. svifa, to glide, Dutch, sweven,
to wave. See Swivel. ]
swiftly, swiftli, adv., with swiftness; rapidly.
swiftness, swift'nes, ., quality of being swift;
quickness ; fleetness ; rapidity ; speed.
Swill, swil, v.t. or i., toswallow; to drink greedily
or largely xpr.p. swilling ; pa.p. swilled^n. a
large draught of liquor : the liquid mixture given
to swine.n. swill er. [A.S. swelgan, swugan,
to swallow. Sec Swallow.]
Swim, swim, v.i. lit. to swing or move to andfro ;
to float ; to move on or in water ; to be borne
along by a current ; to glide along with a waving
motion : to be dizzy: to be drenched; to overflow :
to abound.v.t. to pass by swimming : to make
to swim or float 'pr.p. swimming ; pa.t.
swam ; pa>p. swum.n. act of swimming ; any
motion like swimming : air-bladder ofa fish. [A. S.
swimman, Ger. sehwimmen, Ice. svima, to
swim ; Ice. sveima, to swing, move to and fro.]
swimmer, swim'er, n., one who swims; a web-footed
aquatic bird.
swimming, swimlng, the actoffloatingormoving
on or in the water : dizziness,
swimmingly, swimlng-li, adv. in a gliding manner,
as ifswimming; smoothly : successfully.
Swindle, swin'dl, v.t. lit to make dizzy; to cheat
under the pretence of fair dealing '.Pr.p. swin
fate, far; ma, her; mine;
sword-fish
dling ; pa.p. swin'dled.n. the act of swindling
or defrauding. [Ger. schwindeln, to be dizzy,
to swindle. Ice. sundla, to be dizzy, conn, with
svima, to swim.] See Swim.
swindler, swin'dler, n., one who defrauds by impo
sition ; a cheat or rogue.
Swine, swln, n., sing, and pi. lit the prolific ani
mal, or the grunter ; a quadruped with bristly
skin and long snout, fed for its flesh ; a pig ;
pigs collectively. [A. S. swin, Ger. schwein, old
Ger. sutn, L. sus. Or. hus, from Sans, su, to bring
forth : or from its grunt]
swinish, swln'ish, adj., like sitn'ne; befitting swine ;
gross ; brutal.adv. swinishly.n. swinishness.
Swing, swing, v.i. to sway or wave to and fro, as a
body hanging in air ; to vibrate ; to practise
swinging : to move or float ; to turn round at
anchor.v.t. to move to and fro; to cause to
wave or vibrate ; to whirl, to brandish '.Pr.p.
swinging; pa.t. and Pa.p. swung.n. the act
of swinging ; motion to and fro ; a waving mo
tion : anything suspended for swinging in ; die
sweep of a swinging body : power of anything
swinging : free course. [A. S. swingan, Ger.
schwingen, to swing ; allied to Wag, Sway.]
swingle-tree, swing'gl-tre, single-tree, sing'gl-tre,
. lit a swinging-tree ; the cross piece of a
carriage to which the traces of a harnessed
horse are fixed.
Swiss, swis, adj., of or belonging to Switzerland.
n. a native of Switzerland ; the language ot
Switzerland.
Switch, swich, n. a small flexible twig : a movable
rail for transferring a carriage from one line ol
rails to another.v.t. to strike with a switch :
to transfer a carriage from ope line of rails to
another by a switch 'Pr.p. switch'ing ; Pa.p.
switched', [said to be a form of Twig ; but given
by Wedgwood from the swishing sound which a
blow with it makes in the air.]
Swivel, swiv'l, that which allows to swing or
turn round freely ; something fixed in another
body to turn round in it ; a ring or link that turns
round on a pin or neck ; a small cannon turning
on a swivel. [A.S. swifan, to move quickly, to
turn round; Ice. sveifla, to swing round, svif,
sudden movement : conn, with Swift.]
Swollen, swuln,/a./. of Swell
Swoon, swGon, v.i., tofail, tofaint; to fall into a
fainting fit :pr.p. swOOn'ing ; pa.p. swOOned'.
n. the act of swooning ; a fainting fit. [AS.
swunan, to swoon, A. S. and old Ger. swindan,
to become weak, to fail.]
Swoop, swoTJp, v.t. lit to sweep down upon ; to
take with a sweep ; to catch on the wing ; to
catch up.v.i. to descend with a sweep \~pr.p.
swOTplng; Pa.p. swOOpcd'.n. the act of swoop
ing ; a seizing as a bird on itsprey, [from Sweep.]
Sword, sOrd, the weaponfor warding offor de
fending; an offensive weapon with a long blade,
sharp upon one or both edges, for cutting or
thrusting : destruction by tie sword or by war :
war ; the emblem of vengeance or justice, or of
authority and power. pft..S. sweora. Ice. szterd,
Ger. schwert, from wehren, to defend ; see Ward.]
sword-bayonet, sQrd'-ba-on-et, n., a bayonet shaped
somewhat like a sword, and used as one.
sword-cane, sOrd'-kan, sword-stick, sOrd'-stik, ., a
cane or stick containing a sword.
sword-fish, sord'-fish, n. aTarge sea^frA having the
upper jaw elongated so as to resemble a sword.
mOte; mate; mSon; then.
 swordsman Syncopate
swordsman, sCrdz'man, n., a man skilled in the boh or signs ; a system of symbols ; use of sym
use of the sword.n. word*'m&nshlp. bols : in theol-, the science of symbols or creeds.
Swore, Sworn. See under Swear. symboliie, sim'bol-Iz, v.i., to be symbolical; to re
Sybarite, sib'a-rit, n. lit. an inhabitant ofSybaris, semble in qualities.v.t. to represent by sym
a town in ancient Italy, noted for the effeminacy bols \pr.p. sym'bollsing ; Pa.p. sym'bolised.
and luxury of its inhabitants ; one devoted to ymboliaer, one who
sim'bol-iz-er, symbolist, sim'bol-ist, .,
uses symbols.
luxury.adj., Sybaritic, Sybaritic*!.
Sycamine, sik'a-mTn, Bycamore, sik'a-m5r, n. a tree Symmetry, of the
sim'e-tri, n. the state of one part being
same measure with, or proportionate to
with fruit like the jig and leaves like the mul
berry. [L. sycaminus, sycomoros, Gr. sykaminos, another; of parts to
due proportion : harmony; adaptation
each other. [L. and Gr. symmetria
sykomorosjry&w.afig.andffwriwi.the mulberry.) ~syn, together, and metron, a measure.]
Sycophant, sik'o-fant, n. orig. one who informed symmetrical, sim-met'rik-al, adj., havingsymmetry
against persons exporting figs from Attica, or or due proportion in its parts ; harmonious.
plundering the sacred fig-trees : a common infor adv. symmetrically, with symmetry.
mer ; a servile flatterer. [Gr. sykophantcs symmetrise, sim'e-trTz, v.t., to make symmetrical;
sykon, a fig, andphaind, to bring to light, to Pr.p. symm'etrlsmg ; pa.p. symm'etrised.
show.]
rycophancy, sik'o-fan-si, sycophantlsm, sik'o-fant-izm, Sympathy, sim'pa-thi, n., feeling with another :
., the behaviour of a sycophant; obsequious like ing,
feeling; an agreement of inclination, feel
or sensation ; compassion ; pity ; condol
flattery ; servility. ence ; tenderness. [Gr. sympathetasyn, with,
sycophantic, sik-o-fantik, sycophantfcal, -ik-al, syco- paschd, epathon, to suffer, to feel, from root of
phantlah, -ish, adj., like a sycophant I obsequi Pathos, Patient.]
ously flattering ; parasitic. sympathetic, sim-pa-thet/ik, sympathetica!, sim-pa-
Syllable, sil'a-bl, . several letters taken together thet/ik-al, adj. , shewing, or\ nclined to sympathy;
so as to form one sound ; a word or part of a feeling with another ; able to sympathise ; com
word uttered by a single effort of the voice ; a passionate ; produced by sympathy.adv. sym
small part of a sentence. [L. syllaba, Gr. pathetically.
syllabisyn, with, together, and lab, root of sympathise, sim'pa-thTz, v.i., to have sympathy; to
lambanS, to take.] feel with or for another ; to be compassionate :
fyllabic, sil-lab'ik, syllabic*!, -ik-al, adj., consisting pr.p. sympathising ; pa.p. sympathised.
ofa syllable or syllables.adv. syllab'ically. Symphony, sim fo-ni, ., an agreeing together in
syllabicate, sil-lab'i-kat,i'.f\, toform into syllables: sound ; unison, consonance, or harmony of
Pr.p. syllabicating ; pa.p. syllabicated. n. sound : a musical composition for a full band of
ryllabica'tion. instruments ; an instrumental introduction or
syllabify, sil-labl-fT, v.t., to form into syllables: termination to a vocal composition. [Gr. sym-
Pr.p. syllab'ifying ; pa.p. syllab'i-ficd. . pkdniasyn, together, phdni, a sound.]
syllabiflca'tlon. [Syllable, and L.facio, to make.] symphonlons, sim-f6'ni-us, adj., agreeing or hnrn-.o-
Ejilabna, sil'a-bus, n. lit that which holds several nising in sound; accordant; harmonious.
things together; compendium ; abstract. [L.] symphonies, sim/fo-nist, n., a composer of sym
Byllabnb, same as Sillabub. phonies.
Syllogism, sil'o-jizm, n. lit. a reckoning or judging Symposium, sim-pO'zi-um, n.t a drinking together ;
a merry feast. [L. ; Gr. symposionsyn, to
of things brought together ; a bringing together gether,
of premises and drawing a conclusion from Symptom, Posts, a drinkingpind, to drink.J
simp'tum, n., that which falls or hap
them; the logical form of every argument, con
sisting of three propositions, of which the first pens along with something else ; that which
two arc called the premises, and the last, which attends and indicates the existence of something
else: in med., that which indicates disease. [Gr.
follows from them, tne conclusion. [Gr. syllogis- symptdmasyn, with, fiptd, to falL]
mossyllogizomaisyn, together, logisomai, to symptomatic, simp-tom-at'ik, symptomatica!, -al, adj..
reckonlogos, speech, reckoning.]
syllogise, sil'o-jlz, v.i., to reason by syllogisms: ence of something else : inindicating
Pertaining to symptoms; the exist
med., proceeding
pr.p. syllogising ; pa.p. syll'oglsed. from some prior disorder.adv. lymptomat icaliy.
syllogistic, siWo-jis'tik, syUogistical, sil-o-jis'tik-al, Synaeresii, sin-cKe-sis, n. lit the takingor pronounc
adj., pertaining to a syllogism ; in the form of ing of two vowels together, or making one of
a syllogism.adv. lyllogli'tlcally. them silent. Sec Distrusts, [Gr. synairesissyn,
Sylph, silf, n. an imaginary being inhabiting the air ; together, haired,
a fairy. [Fr. sytphe, Gr. silphi, a kind of beetle.] Synagogue, sin'a-gog,to take.] n., an assembly of Jews
sylphld, silf id, n., a little sylph, [dim. of Bylph.J for worship ; a Jewish place of worship. [Fr. ;
Sylvan, same as Silvan. Gr. synagdgisyn, together, agd, to lead.]
Symbol, simlrol, n.Mt. that which is thrown, or put gyncoronal, singTcro-nal, Synchronous, sing'kro-nus,
along with something else ; a sign by which one adj., happening or being at the same time; sim
knows a thing ; an emblem ; that which repre ultaneous.n. syn'chronal, that which happens
sents something else ; a figure or letter repre at or belongs to the same time with something
senting something: in theol., a creed, or com else. [Gr. syn, together, chronos, time.]
pendium of doctrine. [Gr. symbolon, from sym- synchronism, singTtro-nizm, n., concurrenceofevents
ballssyn, together, and balldf to throw.] in time: the tabular arrangement of contem
ymbolic, sim-bolik, symbolical, sira-bolik-al, adj., porary events, &c. in history. [Gr. synchronise
pertaining to, or of the nature of a symbol; re mossynchronisd, to agree in time.]
presenting by signs ; emblematic ; figurative ; Syncopate, singTco-pSt, v.t. lit to cut away so as to
typical.^adv. symbol ically. bring other parts together; to contract, as a
symbolism, sitn'bol-izm, representation by sym' word, by taking away letters from the middle :
fate, far ; me, her ; mine ; mute ; mute ; mOCn ; then.
So3 \
 syncopation
in music, to unite by a slur the last note of a bar
to the first note of the next -pr.p. syn'copat-
ing ; Pa.p. syn'copatcd. [low V.. syncopo,~atum
L. syncope, Gr. syngkopesyn, togcthcr,&>//(J,
to cut off.]
syncopation, sing-ko-pa'shun, .. actofsyncopating.
syncope, smg'-ko-pc, n. the omission of letters from
the middle of a word, as ne'eriox never : in wed.,
a fainting, an attack in which the breathing and
circulation become faint { in music, syncopation.
[L. ; Gr. syngh>pi.\
Syndic, sin'dik, n. lit. one who helps in a court of
justice ; an advocate : a government official : one
chosen to transact business for others. [L. syndi-
cus, Gr. sytidikossyn, with, dike, justice.J
Synecdoche, sin-ck'do-ke, n. a figure of speech by
which a part is made to comprelund the whole,
or the whole is put for a part. [Gr. synekdccfii
synekdecltomai, to comprehendsyn, together,
ekdechomai, to receive.]
synecdochicaJ, sin-ck-dok'ik-al, adj., expressed by or
implying synecdoche.
Synod, sin'od, ., a meeting; an ecclesiastical
council : among Presbyterians, a church-court
consisting of several presbyteries. [A.S. sinod,
L. synodus, Qr.synodossyn, with, hodos, a way.]
synodic, sin-od'ik, synodical, -alf adj., pertaining
to a synod; done in a synod.-adv. synodlcally.
Synonym, Synonyme, sin'o-nim, ., a name or word
having the same meaning with another ; one of
two or more words which have the same mean
ing. [Gr. synSnymoitsyn, with, onoma, a name.]
synonymous, sin-on'i-mus, adj., pertaining to syno
nyms; expressing the same thing; having the
same meaning.adv. synonymously.
synonymy, sin-on'i-mi, n., the quality of being
synonymous ; a rhetorical figure by which syn
onymous words arc used. [Gr. syndnymia.]
Synopsis, sin-op'sis, n., a view of the whole together;
a collective or generaUvicw of any subject. [Gr.
synopsissyn, with, together, o/sis, a view
vpsomai (fut. of horad)to seeroot op, to see.]
synoptic, sin-op'tik, synoptical, -al, adj. affording a
general view of the wholeadv. synop'tically.
Syntax, sin'taks, n. lit. a putting togetherin order:
in gram., the correct arrangement of words in
sentences. [Gr. syntaxissyn, together, tassd,
taxi), to put in order.]
syntactic, sin-tak'tik, syntactical, -al, adj., pertain
ing to syntax ; according to the rules of syntax.
adv. syntactically.
Synthesis, sin'the-sis, n. lit. a putting or placing
together: composition : the combination of sepa
rate elements of thought into a whole, or rea
soning from principles previously established to
a conclusion : in gram., the uniting of ideas into
a sentence: in med., the reunion of parts that
have been divided : in chem., the uniting of
elements to form a compound.//, syn theses
i-seJi). [Gr. synthesissyn, with, together, t/tesis,
a placingtithemi, to place.]
synthetic, sin-thct'ik, synthetical, -al, adj., pertain
ing to synthesis; consisting in synthesis or com
position.adv. synthetically.
Syphon, Syren, same as Siphon, Siren.
Syringe, sir'inj, n. lit. a pipe or reed; a tube, with a
piston, by which liquids are sucked up and
ejected : a tube used by surgeons for injecting,
&c.v.t. to inject or clean with a syringe:Pr.p.
syr inging syringed. [Gr. syringx, arced,
a pipesyrizo, to pipe or whistle.]
Syrup, same as Sirup.
fcte, far ; me, her ; mine ;
tabular
8ystm, sis'tem, n. anything formed of parts placed
together; an assemblage of bodies as a connected
whole ; an orderly arrangement of objects accord
ing to some common law or end : regular method
or order : a full and connected view of some
department of knowledge : the universe. [Gr.
systema~-syn, together, histemi, to place.]
systematic, sis-te-mat'ik, systematical, -al, adj., per
taining to, or consisting of system ; formed, or
done according to system ; methodical.adv.
systematically. [Gr. systimatikos.\
systematise, sis/tem-a-tlz, v.t., to reduce to a system.
v.t. to form systems :Pr.p. sys'temaUsing ;
pa.p. sys'tcmatlscd.n. sys'tematlaer.
Systole, sis'to-le, n., a bringing togetherox contrac
tion of the heart for expelling the blood : in
gram., the shortening of a long syllable. [Gr.
systolesyn, together, stello, to set, place.]
T
Tabard, tabard, n. a military garment of the i^th
and 16th centuries, now worn by heralds, [Fr. ;
W. tabar; lowL. tabardum ; perhaps connected
with L. tapes, tapestry, coverlet.]
Tabby, tab'i, n. a kind of waved silk : an artificial
stone, a mixture of shells, gravel, stones, and
water.adj. brindled ; diversified in colour.
v.t. to water or cause to look wavy :/r./.tnbb'y-
ing ; pa.p. tabb'icd. [Fr. tabis; Pcrs. tttabi, a
kind of nch, waved silk.]
tabbinet, tab'i-net, . a more delicate kind of tabby
resembling damask, used for window-curtains.
Taber, v.t. in B., same as Taboar.
Tabernacle, tab'er-na-kl, n. lit. a small hut or shed :
in B., the movable building carried by the Jews
through the desert, and used as a temple : a place
of worship or sacred place : in R. C. Church,
the place in which the consecrated elements of
the Eucharist are kept.vd. to dwell ; to abide
for a time :/)r.p. tab'crnacling ; pa.p. tab'er-
naclcd. [L. tabernaculum, dim. of tabema, a
hut, shed. See Tavern.]
Tabid, tab'id, adj., wasted by disease.n. taVld-
ness, [L. tabidustabeo, to waste away.]
Tablature. Sec under Table.
Table, t&'bl, *. lit. a plank or board; a smooth,
flat slab or board, with legs, used as an article of
furniture : supply of food, entertainment : the
company at a tabic : the board for backgammon
or draughts : a surface on which something is
written or engraved : that which is cut or written
on a flat surface ; an inscription ; a condensed
statement ; syllabus or index : in B., a writing
tablet.v.t. to make into a table or catalogue ;
to lay on the table, i.e. to postpone consideration
of:pr.p. ti'bling; pa.p. ti'bled. [Fr. table
L. tabula, a board, plank.]
tablature, tab'la-tQr, ., something tabular; a
painting on a wall or ceiling ; a picture in
general: in anat., a division of the skull into
two tables. [Fr., from L. tabula.]
table-land, ta'bl-land, n. an extensive flat of elevated
land, like a table ; a plateau.
tablet, tab'let, ., a small table or flnt surface :
something flat on which to write, paint, &c : a
confection in a flat square form. [dim. of Table.]
table-talk, ta'bl-tawk, ., talk at table or at meals.
tabular, tab'Q-lar, adj., of theform of, or pertain-
mOte ; mute ; mCCn ; Men.
509
 tabulate
ing to a table ; having a flat surface : arranged
in a table or schedule : having the form oflaminae
or plates.
tabulate, tab'u-Ut, p./., to reduce to tables or
synopses ; to shape with a flat surface :pr.p.
tabulating ; pa.p. tabulated.
Taboo, Tabu, ta-bOU'f n. lit something fold sacred
or accursed; an institution among the Polyne
sians by which certain things arc consecrated :
prohibition or interdictv.t. to forbid approach
to ; to forbid the use ot\pr.p. tabooing ;
tabOoed'. [Polynesian, tabu, tapu, or tamou.]
Tabour, Tabor, tabor, n. lit. something to be tapped
or beaten ; a small drum, played with one stick.
v.i. to play on a tabour; to beat lightly and
often:/r./. labouring; pa.p. ta'boured. [old
Fr. ; Fr. tambour; It. tamburo; At. 'tombUr,
lyre, tail, a drum: from root of ftp.]
tabouret, tab'o-rct, tabret, tab'ret, ., a smalltabour
or drum. [dim. of Tabour.]
Tabular, Tabulate. See under Table.
Tache, tash, n. in B., same as Tack ; a catch or loop.
Tacit, tasfit, adj., silent ; implied, but not expressed.
adv. tacitly. [L. tacitustaceo, to be silent.]
taciturn, tasi-turn, adj., habitually tacit or silent ;
not fond of talking ; reserved in speech.adv.
taciturnly. [L. tacilumustacitus.]
taciturnity, tas-i-tum'i-ti, n. , habitual silence ; re
serve in speaking. [L. tacitumilas.]
Tack, tak, n. lit. that -which attaches or fastens ; a
short, sharp nail, with a broad head : the course
of a ship in reference to the position of her sails.
v.t., to attach or fasten, csp. in a slight man
ner, as by tacks.v.i. to change the course or
tack of a ship by shifting the position of the
sails '.-pr.p. tacking ; pa.p. tacked'. [Dutch,
tack, Ger. xacke, Gael, tac, point, tooth ; A.S.
tacan, to take ; conn, with Take and Attach.]
Tackle, takl, n. lit. things to be taken hold of; tools,
weapons ; ropes, &c. for raising heavy weights ;
a puily ; the ropes, rigging, &c. of a ship.v.t.
to harness ; to seize or take hold of '.pr.p.
tackling ; pa.p. tackled. [Ger. takel; Sw.
tackel; W. tad, instrument, tool ; prob. allied
to Tack and Take.]
tackling, takling, n., tackle or instruments; furni
ture or apparatus belonging to the masts, yards,
ficc. of a ship : harness for drawing a carriage.
Tact, takt, n. lit. touch,feeling : peculiar skill ; nice
perception in seeing and doing exactly what is
required by circumstances. [L. foetus, touch,
sense of feelingtango, factum, to touch.]
tactile, tak'til, adj., that may be touched or felt.
taction, tak'shun, n.t act of touching; touch.
tactless, takt'Ies, adj., without tact.
Tactics, tak'tiks, n.sing.the science orart ofarrf-
ing or manoeuvring military and naval forces.
[Gr. taktiki {teckni, art), art of arranging men
in a field of battletassd, taxd, to arrange-]
tactic, tak'tik, tactical, tak'tik-al, adj., pertaining
to tactics.adv. tactically.
tactician, tak-tish'an, n., one skilled in tactics.
Tadpole, tad'pOl, a young toad or frog in its
lirst state, having a tail, [from root of Toad, and
root of Gr.pdhs, L. pullus, a young animal.]
Taflerel, taf/er-el, Taffrail, tafrui, n. the upper part of
a ship's stem timbers, which is flat like a table.
[Dutch, tafereel, a paneltafel, a table.]
Taffeta, tafe-ta, Taffety, tafc-ti, n. orig. silk stuff
plainly woven; a thin, glossy silk stuff, having
fitc, far ; mfi, her ; mine ;
talismanic
a wavy lustre. [It taffetaPcrs. t&ftak, woven
tdftan, to spin]
Tag, tag, n. a tack orpoint of metal at the end of a
string ; any small thing tacked or attached to
another; anything mean.v.t. to fit a tag or
point to; to tack, fasten, or hang to :pr.p.
tagging I tagged', [from root of Tack.]
Tail, till, n. the end of the backbone of an animal,
generally hairy and hanging loose ; anything
resembling a tail in appearance, position, &c :
the back, lower, or hinder part of anything:
anything long and hanging, as a catkin, train of
a comet, &c. [A.S. tagcl; Ice. tagl; old Ger.
zagoJ; Goth, tagl, hair.]
tall-piece, tal'pes, n., a piece at the tail or end, csp.
of a series, as of engravings.
Tall, tal, n. in law, the term applied to an estate
which is cut offor limited to certain heirs. [Fr.
faille, cuttingtailler, to cut. See Entail]
tailor, tal'ur, n. lit. a cutter ; one whose business
is to cut out and make men's clothes.v.i. to
work as a tailor.n. taU'orlng, the business or
work of a tailor. [Fr. tailleurtailler, to cut.]
Taint, tint, v.t., to tinge, moisten, or impregnate
with anything noxious ; to infect ; to stain.v.i.
to be affected with something corrupting '.Pr.p.
tainting ; pa.p. tainted.n. a stain or tincture ;
infection or corruption; a spot or blemish. [Fr.
teindre, to dye, pa.p. teint, old Fr. taintL.
tingo, tineturn, to wet or moisten.] See Tinge.
Take, tak, v.t., to lay hold of; to get into one's
possession ; to catch ; to capture : to captivate ;
to receive; to choose: to use; to allow: to
understand; to agree to; to become affected
with.v.i. to catch ; to have the intended effect ;
to gain reception, to please ; to move or direct
the course of ; to have recourse to '.pr.p. talk
ing ; pa.t. took: pa.p. tak'en.. taker. [A.S.
tacan ; Ice. taJca ; Dan. tage ; akin to Tack.]
taking, Liking, adj. captivating ; alluring.adv.
takingly.
Talc, talk, m. a mineral occurring in thin flakes
of a white or green colour, and a soapy feel.
[Fr. talc; Ger. talk; At. 'talaa.]
talcky, talk'i, talcous, laik'us, adj., containing,
consisting of, or like talc.
Tale, tal, ., that which is told; a narrative or
story ; information : what is told or counted off;
number; reckoning. [A.S. talu, Dutch, tool;
A.S. tal, number, talean, to reckon ; from TelL]
tale bearer, tai'-bar-er, . one who maliciously
bears or tells tales or gives information,
tale-bearing, tal'bar-ing, adj. given to bear or tell
tales, or officiously to give information.n. act
of telling secrets.
Talent, tal'ent, n. lit. a weigh! ; in B. , a weight or
sum of money = 04 lbs. avoir, or ^340 to ^306 :
weight, inclination ; natural or special gift ;
special aptitude ; eminent ability. [L. taUntum;
Gr. talanton, a weight, a talent, from talab,
tlad, Sans, tul, to bear, weigh.]
talented, tal'ent-ed, adj., possessing talent* or
mental gifts.
Talisman, tal'is-man, n. lit. consecration or incan
tation ; a species of charm engraved on metal or
stone, to which wonderful effects are ascribed :
fig. something that produces extraordinary
effects. [Fr.Gr. telesma, consecration, incan
tationteled, to consecrate.]
talismanic, tal-is-man'ik, adj., pertaining to, or
having the properties of a talisman ; magical.
mdte ; mote ; mGOn ; then.
 Talk
Talk, tawk, v.i., to till or speak familiarly: to .
prattle : to reason :/r./. talk'ing ; fa.p. talked'. 1
n. familiar conversation; that which is ut
tered in familiar intercourse ; subject of dis
course ; rumour, [prov. Ger. talken, to speak
indistinctly ; Ice. lata, to speak, tulka, to inter
pret ; probably allied to TtU.]
talkative, tawVa-tiv, adj., given to much talking;
prating.adv. talk'ativeiy.. talk'ativeneu.
talker, tawk'er, ., one tufio talks.
Tall, tawl, adj., high, esp. in stature ; lofty ; long.
n. taUneea. [W. tat, tall, talaw, to make or
grow tall ; Sw. tall, a pine-tree.]
Tallow, tstYQ, n. the fat of animals melted ; any
coarse, hard fat.v.t. to grease with tallow :
/r./. taH'owing; Pa.p. tall'owed. [A.S. te/g,
tang; Ger. ta/g, Ice. totg; A.S. telgan, to smear ;
perhaps conn, with Sans, til, to be greasy.]
Tally, tal'i, n. a stick cut or notched to match
another stick, used to mark numbers or keep
accounts; anything made to suit another.v.t.
to score with corresponding notches ; to make to
fit.v.i. to correspond : to suit :Pr.p. tall'ying ;
pa.t. and Pa.p. tall'ied. [Fr. tattle, It. taglia,
L. talea, a cutting. See Tail.]
tilly ahop, tal'i-shop, n. a shop where goods are
sold to be paid by instalments, the seller having
one account-book which tallies with the buyer's.
Tally-ho, tal'i-ho, int. the huntsman's cry betoken
ing that a fox has gone away.
Talmud, tal'mud, /:. lit. study, leamingx or doe-
trine; the body of Hebrew laws, comprising the
written law and the traditions and comments of
the Jewish doctors. [Chaldee, tatmud, instruc
tion ; Heb. taintid, a scholarhimad, to learn.]
Talon, tal'on, n. lit. the ankle or heel; the claw of
a bird of prey. [Fr. talon, the heelL. talus,
the ankle, heel.]
Tamable, Sec. Sec under Tama.
Tamarind, tam'a-rind, n. lit. Indian date; a beau
tiful . Indian tree, with a sweet, pulpy fruit,
in pods. [It. tamarindoAr. tatnar Hindi,
Hindu date.]
Tambour, tan/boTJr, . a small, shallow drum; a
small, drum-like, circular frame, for embroider
ing; a rich kind of gold and silver embroidery.
v.t. to embroider on a tambour :pr.p. tam'-
bouring ; Pa.p. tam'bourcd. [Fr. tambour, from
root ofTabour.]
tambourine, tam-boTVrcn'. n. a shallow drum with
one skin and bells, and played on with the hand.
[Fr. tatnbourin, dim. of tambour.]
Tame, tarn, v.t., to have dominion over, to subdue;
to reduce to a domestic slate : to make gentle ; to
reclaim ; to civilise : Pr-P^- tfim'ing ; Pa.p.
tamed'.adj., subdued; having lost native wild-
ness and shyness ; domesticated : gentle ; spirit
less; without vigour; dull.adv. tame'ly..
tame'neia. [A.S. tamian, Ice. temia, L. domo,
Gr. damad. Sans, dam, to subdue, be tame:
A.S. tarn. Ice. tamr, tame.]
tamer, tiim'er, ., one tvho tames.
tamable, tam'a-bl, adj., t/uit may be tamed..
tam'ablenete.
Tamper, tam'per, v.i., to try t/te temper of; to try
little experiments without necessity ; to meddle ;
to practise secretly '.pr.p. tam'pering ; Pa.p.
tampered, [probably connected with Temper.}
Tan, tan, v.t. to convert into leather by steeping
in an infusion of oak or other bark ; to make
fate, far ; me", her ; mine ;
Tap
brown or tawny.v.i. to become tanned \~pr.p,
tann'ing ; pa.p. tanned'. ., oak or some
other bark bruised and broken for tanning ; a
yellowish-brown colour. [Fr. tanner; prob. from
Bret, tann, oak, or Ger. tonne, fir.]
tanner, tan'er, n., one who tans.
tannery, tan'er-i, n., a place/or tanning.
tannic, tan'ik, adj., of orfrom tan.
tannin, tan'in, n. the astringent substance in bark,
which is of effect in tanning. [Fr. tannin.]
Tandem, tan'dem, adv. lit at length; applied to
the position of horses harnessed singly one be
fore the other instead of abreast.n. a team of
horses (usually two) so harnessed. [L. tandem,
at length. The word originated in university
slang Latin.]
Tang, tang, n. a strong or offensive taste, esp. of
something extraneous ; relish ; taste, [from root
ofTaate.J
Tang, tang, . lit. that -which is tacked on ; the
projecting part of an object which secures it
to a handle, as the part of a knife which goes
into the haft, [a nasalised form of Tack.]
Tangent, tan'jent, n. a line which touches a circle,
and which when produced does not cut it. [L.
tangens, -entis, pr.p. of tango, to touch.]
tangency, tan'jen-st, n., state of being tangent ; a
contact or touching.
tangential, tan-gen'shal, adj., pertaining to a tan
gent; in the direction of a tangent.
tangible, tan'ji-bl, adj. perceptible by the touch;
capable of being possessed or realised.adv.
tan'gibly. [L. tangibitistango.]
tangibility, tan-ji-bil'i-ti, n., quality of being tan
gible or perceptible to the touch.
Tangle, tang'gl, v.t. to unite together confusedly :
to interweave; to insnare.v.i. to be united
confusedly '.Pr.p. tang'ling ; Pa.p. tang'led.
n. a knot of things united confusedly. [Goth.
tagl, hair, Ger. tang, sea-weed.]
Tank, tangk, n. a large cistern of stagnant water,
[old Fr. estanc ;Yi. stang, pool; It. stagno
L. stagnum, a pool of standing water. See
Stagnate.]
Tankard, tang'kard, n. a large vessel for holding
liquors ; a drinking vessel with a lid. [old Fr.
tanquart ; old Dutch, tanekaerd; Gaeltancard.}
Tanner, Tannery, Tannin. Sec under Tan.
Tansy, tan'ri, n. lit. the immortal plant; a tall
plant, with small yellow flowers, common on old
pasture. [ Fr. tanaisie ; Gr. athanasiat im
mortalityathanatos, immortal.]
Tantalise, tan'ta-lTz, v.t. to tease or torment, by
presenting something to excite desire, but keep
ing it out of reach :pr.p. tan'tallsing ; Pa!f.
tan'talTsed. [Fr. tantaliserTantalus, a Gr.
mythical personage, who was made to stand up
to his chin in water, with branches of fruit hung
over his head, the water receding when he wished
to drink, and the fruit when he desired to eaL]
Tantamount, tan'ta-mount, adj., amounting to so
much or to the same ; equivalent ; equal. [Fr.
tant, L. tantus, to much, so great, and Amount.}
Tap, tap, v.t., to strike with something small; to
touch gently.v.i. to give a gentle knock:
pr.p. tapp'ing ; pa.p. tapped'.n, a gentle blow
or touch, esp. with something small. [Fr. taper,
to strike ; prob. conn, with Gr. tuptS, to strike.]
Tap, tap, v.t. topierce, so as to let out fluid; to open a
cask and draw off liquor :/*./. tapp'ing ; Pa.p.
tapped'. [A S. foppan ; Ice. lappa ; Ger. zapfen.]
 tap
tap, tap, . a hole or short pipe through which
liquor is drawn ; a plug or spile to stop a hole in
a cask: a place where liquor is drawn. [A-S.
tapfia ; perhaps connected with Tap, a blow.]
tap-room,tap'-ro~Om, n. , a room where beer is served
from the tap or cask.
tapster, tapster, ., one who taps or draws off
liquor ; a publican.
Tape, tap, . a narrowfillet or band ofwoven work,
used for strings, &c. LA.S. tappe, a fillet.]
tape-worm, tap'wurm, . a tape-like worm, often of
great length, found in the intestines.
Taper, taper, n. a small wax-candle or light. [A.S.
iapur, taper; Ir. tapar; W, tampyr.\
taper, taper, adj. narrowed towards the point, like
a taper; lone and slender.v.i. to become
gradually
to smallertampering
taper :pr.p. towards one end.v.t.
; pa.p. ta'pered.to make
tapering, ta'per-ing, adj. growing gradually thinner.
adv. taperingly.
Tapestry, tap'es-tri, n. a kind of carpet-work or
fabric of wool and silk, with wrought figures.
v.t. to adorn with tapestry. [Fr. tapisserie
tapis, It. tappeto, a carpet, L. tapele, a carpet,
tapestry, Gr. tapes, a carpet.]
Tape-worm. See under Tape.
Tapioca, tap-i-oTca, . the glutinous and granular
substance obtained from the roots of the Cas
sava plant of Brazil.
Tapir, ta'pir, . a thick-skinned, short-necked ani
mal, having a short flexible proboscis, found iu
Sumatra and S. America. [Brazilian, tapyra.]
Tapster, &C. See under Tap.
Tar, tar, . a resinous substance of a dark colour,
obtained from pine-trees : a sailor, so called from
his tarred
Pr.p. tankingclothes.v.t.
; Pa.p. tarred'.to smear with tearo;
[A.S. teru, tar:
old Dutch, tarre, terre; Sw. tj&ra.]
tarpaulin, tar-paw'Iin, tarpaullng, tiir-paw'ling, .,
a tarredpail or cover of coarse canvas, [from
Tar, and prov. E. Pauling, a covering for a cart,
old E. Pall, a sort of cloth, connected with PalL]
tarry, taVi, adj., consisting of, covered with, or
like tar.
Tardy, tuVdi, adj., drawing slowly along ; slug
gish : late; out ofseason.adv. tar'dily..
tar'dineai. [Fr. tardif; It. tardo; L. tardus,
perhaps connected with traho, to draw.]
Tare, tar, n. a plant, like the vetch, sometimes culti
vated for fodder, [old E. tarefitck, the wild vetch.]
Tare, tar, . the weight of the vessel or package in
which goods are contained ; an allowance made
for it. [Fr. ; It. tara; At. taraJi, ihrown away,
set aside.]
Target, target, n., a small buckler or shield ; a
mark to fire at. [old E. targe ; A.S. targe; Ice.
tearga; Gael, teargaid; prob. akin to L. tergus,
a hide, from shields being covered with a hide.]
targeteer, tar-gct-er', n., one armed with a target.
Tariff, tar'if, n. a list or table of the duties, &c.
fixed by law on merchandisev.t. to fix the
duties on. [Sp. tarifa, either from Tarifa in
Spain, where duties were collected by the Moors ;
or from Arab, ta'rif, information, from 'arafa,
to inform.]
Tarnish, tarnish, v.t. lit. to cover, to darken; to
soil by exposure to the air, &c. ; to diminish the
lustre or purity of.v.i. to become dull ; to lose
lustre '.pr.p. tarnishing; Pa.p. tar'nished. [Fr.
temir, pr.p. ternissant ; terne, dull, wanold
fate, far; tnc", her; mine;
Sia
testable
Ger. tami, covered, tamjan, A.S. demon, to
cover, darken.]
Tarpaulin, Tarry, adj. See under Tar.
Tarry, tar*i, v.i., to be tardy or slow; to loiter or
stay behind ; to delay \~r.p. tarrying ; pa.p.
tarr'ied. [\V. tariaw, to loiter, stay ; old E. tar-
gen; Fr.larder; from h.tardus, slow. SeeTardy.]
Tart, tart, adj. lit. tearing; sharp or sour to the
taste : fig. sharp ; severe.adv. tartly.ft. tart'-
ness. [A.S. tearttearan, to tear.)
tartiah, tart'ish, adj., somewhat tart.
Tart, tart, n. a small pie, containing fruit or jelly,
orig. of a twisted form. [Fr. tarte, tourte; L.
tortus, twisted, pa.p. of torqueo, to twist]
Tartan, tar'tan, . a woollen stuff, checked- with
various colours, much worn in the Scottish High
lands. [Fr. tiretaine, linsey-woolsey ; Sp. ttri-
tana, tiritaira, a sort of thin silk.]
Tartar, taVtar, . a tart, acid salt, which forms on
the sides of casks containing wine (when pure
called cream of tartar) ; a concretion which
sometimes forms on the teeth. [Fr. tartre ;
luw L. tartarum ; prob. from Tartarus, hell, on ac
count of the inflammable composition ofthe salt.]
tartareous, tar-ta're-us, tartaroua, taVtar-us, adj.,
consisting of or resembling tartar.
tartaric, tar-taVik, adj., pertaining to, or obtained
from tartar.
Tartar, tar'tar, ., a native of Tartary in Asia;
an irritable person, or one too strong for his
assailant.
Tartarus, ta.r'ta-rus, n. in ancient myth, the lower
world generally, but csp. the place of punish
ment for the wicked. [L. ; Gr. tartaros, prob.
from the sound, to express something terrible.]
Tartiah, Tartly, &c. See under Tart, adj.
Task, task, n. lit. a tax ; a set amount of work, esp.
of study, given by another; work ; drudgery.
v.t. to impose a task on ; to burden with severe
work \~pr.p. task'ing ; Pa.p. tasked'.n. task er
To take to task, to reprove. [W. tasg, jolt,
piece-work ; old Fr. tasque; low L. tasca, taxn
L. taxo, to rate, tax. See Tax.]
task-master, task'-mas-ter, ., a master who im
poses a task; one whose office is to assign tasks.
Tassel, tas'el, n. lit a knob or knot; a hanging;
ornament consisting of a bunch of silk or other
material ; anything like a tassel, [old Fr. tassel,
tassiel, knob, knot; It. tassello; prob. from L.
taxillus, dim. of talus, a die.]
tasselled, tas'eld, adj., adorned with tassels.
Taste, tast, v.t. lit. to touch, to handle; to try or
perceive by the touch of the tongue or palate :
to try by eating a little; to eat a little of; to
partake of: to experience.v.i. to try or per
ceive by the mouth; to have a flavour of: to
enjoy sparingly ; to experience :Pr.p. tast'uig:
pa.p. tasted.n. taster, [old Fr. taster; It.
tastare, as if from taxitare L. taxo, to
touch repeatedly, to estimateroot of tango,
to touch.]
taste, tast, n., the act or sense oftasting; the sen
sation caused by a substance on the tongue ; the
sense by which we perceive the flavour of a
thing ; the quality or flavour ofanything : a small
portion : intellectual relish ; the faculty by which
the mind perceives the beautiful ; nice percep
tion : choice, predilection ; manner or style by
which taste is shewn.
tastable, tast'a-bl, adj., that may be tasted.
mote; mute; moon; then.
 tasteful teohnology
tasteful, tast/fool, adj.,full oftaste', having a high and stuffing the skins ofanimals.n. taxflderalst.
relish: shewing good taste.adv. taite'fully.n. [Fr. taxidermie Gr. taxis, arrangement
t.iete'fulness tassS, to arrange, prepare, and derma, a skin.] i
tasteless, tistles, adj., without taste; insipid. Tea, t, n. the dried leaves of a shrub in China
adv. tastelessly.n. tastelessness.
taaty, t. . 1 1, adj. , having a good taste ; possessing and Japan ; an infusion of the leaves in boiling
nice perception of excellence ; in conformity water and cia
; any vegetable infusion. [Fr. the1; It. t*
; Chinese, tsha ; prov. Chinese, the.}
with good taste.adv. tastily.
Tatter, tat'er, ., a torn piece; a loose hanging Teach, tech, v.t., to shew; to impart knowledge to;
rag. (Ice. tetr, tetur, a torn garment; tStr, a press uponthethestudies
to guide of: to exhibit so as to im
mind ; to impart the knowledge
tatter.] of: to accustom; to counsel.v.t. to practise
Tattle, till, ., small talk; trifling talk or chat. giving instruction \pr.p. teach'ing ; pa.t. and
:. to talk idly or triflingIy ; to tell tales or Pa.p. taught (tawt). [A.S. iacan, to shew, teach;
secrets :pr.p. tatt'ling ; /a./, tattled.*.tatf- Ger. xeihen, xeigen, to shew ; allied
ler. [low Ger. tateln, tatem ; perhaps from the to teach, Gr. deiknumi, to shew.] to L. doceo,
sound. See Talk.] teachable, tcch'a-bl, adj., capable of being taught;
Tattoo, tat-tOO', n. a beat ofdrum and a bugle-call to apt or willing to learn.n. teach ableness.
warn soldiers to repair to their quarters, orig. to teacher, tech'er, ., one who teaches or instructs.
shut the taps or drinking-houses against the Teak, tk, . a tree in the E. Indies and Africa
soldiers. [Dutch, taptoetap, a tap, toe, to shut.] having hard and durable timber. [Malabar, theka.
Tattoo, tat-too', v.t. to mark, as the skin, with tekka.]
figures, by pricking in colouring matter :pr.p. Teal, tl, m. a web-footed waterfowl allied to the
tattGO'ing ; pa./, tattooed'.n. marks or figures duck, but smaller. [Dutch, teling, taling.]
made by pneking colouring matter into the skin. Team, tem, . lit. offspring orfamily ; a number of
| prut > a reduplication of the Polynesian word ta, animals moving together or in order ; two or
to strike.] more oxen or other animals harnessed to the
Taught, tawt, pa.f. and Pa.p. of Teach. same vehicle. [AS. team, offspring, anything
Taunt, tant or tawnt, v.t., to reproach or upbraid following in a row, from root of Teem.]
with severe or insulting words; to censure sar teamster, tem'ster, ., one who drives a team.
castically:/*'./, taunting; Pa.p. taunt'ed.. Tear, ter, . a drop of the fluid from the eyes ; any
taunt er adv. taunt'lngly. [Fr. tancer, to scold ; thing like a tear in form and clearness. [A.S.
old Sw, tanta, to reproach, tant, mockery.] tear, taker; W. daigr; L. tacrima, for old L.
taunt, tant, n. upbraiding, sarcastic, or insulting dacrima; Gr. dakru; Sans, acnt.]
words ; a bitter reproach. tearful, ter'fool, adj., abounding with, or shedding
Taurus, taVrus, n., the Bull, one of the signs of tears; weeping.adv. tearfully.n. tearfulness.
the zodiac. [L. taunts, Gr. tauros, a bull.] tearless, tcr ies, adj., without tears ; unfeeling.
taurine, tawrln, adj., relating to a butt. [L. tau- Tear, tar, v.t., to draw asunder or separate with
rinustaurus, Gr. tauros, a bull.] violence ; to make a violent rent in ; to lacerate.
Tautology, taw-tol'o-ji, n. needless repetition of the v.t. to move or act with violence ; to rage :
same words or the same ideas in different words. Pr.p. teaVing ; pad. tOre, in B., tare ; Pa.p. tOrn ;
[Gr. tautotogiatauto, the same, logos, word.] n. something torn, a rent.n. tearer. [AS.
t&ntologte, taw-to-loj ik, tautological, taw-toloj'ik-al, teran, Fr. tirer, to drag ; allied to L. tero, Gr.
adj., containing tautology; repeating the same tcird, to rub to pieces.]
or similar words.adv. taatolog'icaily.
tautologise, taw-tol'o-jlz, ri, to use tautology; to Tease, tz, v.t. lit. to pull; to comb or card, as
repeat the same or similar words.n. tautol ogist. wool with
; to scratch, as cloth ; to raise a nap : to vex
importunity, jests, &c; to plague:/*"/
Tavern, tav'crn, . lit. a hut, shed; a licensed house teas'ing; Pa.p. teased'. (A S. tarsan, to pluck,
for the sale of liquors with accommodation for tease ; Dutch, teezen, to pick ; Ger. xeisen, to
travellers; an inn. [Fr. tavernsL. taberna, pluck, pull.]
from root of tabula, a table.] teasel, terel, n. a plant, with large burs or heads
Taw, taw, v.t., to prepare And dress, as skins into covered with stiff, hooked awns which are
white leather .pr.p. taw'ing ; pa.p. tawed'. used in teasing or raising a nap on cloth.v.t.
[A.S. tawian, to prepare ; old Ger. tauen, to do.] to raise a nap on with the teasel 'Pr-/ teas'-
Tawdry, taw7dri, adj. showy without taste ; gaudily eling ; Pa.p. teaseled.- . teas'eler. [A.S. tasl.\
dressed.adv. taw drily.n. Uw'drinees. [said Teat, tet, rr. the nipple of the female breast
to be corr. from St Audrey = St Ethsireda, at through which the young suck the milk. I A.S.
whose fair laces and gay toys were sold.] tit; W. ieth; Gr. titthe, the nipple, a nurse
Tawny, taw'ni, adj., ofthe colour of things tanned, thaS, to suckle ; Sans, dhe, to suck.]
a yellowish-brown.n. taw'nlnesa [Dutch, tanig; Teazle, te*zi, same as Teasel.
Fr. tanni, pa.p. of tanner, to tan. Sec Tan.] Technic, tck'nik. Technical, tcWnik-z], adj., pertain-
Tax, talcs, n. a rate imposed on property or per ing to art, csp. the useful arts ; belonging to a
sons for the benefit of the state ; anything im particular art or profession.adv. tech'nlcally.
posed ; a burdensome duty.v.t. to lay a tax on ; [Gr. technikostechni, art, akin to tekd, to pro
to burden : to accuse:/*-./, tax ing ; pa.p. taxed'. duce, bring forth.]
[Fr. taxe, a taxL. taxo, to handle, value, technicality, tek-ni-kal'i-ti, ., state or quality of
chargeroot of tango, to touch. Sec Task.. ] being technical; that which is technical.
taxable, taks'a-bl, adj., capable of being, or liable technics, tek'niks, n.pl., the doctrine of arts in
to be taxed. general ; the branches that relate to the arts.
taxation, taks-a'shun,w., act oftaxing. [L. taxatio.] technology, tek-nol'o-ji, n. a discourse qt treatise en
Taxidermy, taks'i-dcr-mi, n. the art of preparing the arts ; an explanation of terms employed in
fate, far ; me, her ; mine ; mOte ; mute ; mOOn ; Men.
2(1 5*3
 technological
the arts. [Gr. technl, and logos, a discourse.]
n. technologist, one skilled in technology,
technologic*!, tek-no-loj'ik-al, adj., relating to
technology*
Ted, ted, v.t., tospreadorturn, as new-mown grass,
for drying :Pr.p. tedd'ing ; pa.p. tedd'ed. [W.
tedu, to stretch out, teddu, to spread.J
Tedium, te'di-um, n., wearisomeness ; irksomeness.
[L. teediumtosdet, it wearies.]
tedious, te"di-us or ted'yQs, adj., wearisome; tire
some from length or slowness ; irksome ; slow.
adv. te'diously.. te'dlousneas. [L. ttediostts.]
Teem, te*m, v.i.t to bringforth at produce; to bear
or be fruitful ; to be pregnant ; to be full orprolific,
v.t. to produce :pr.p. teem'ing;/a./. teemed'.
[A. S. tyman, teman, to produce.]
Teeth, See under Tooth.
Tegument, teg'-Ontent, . an Integument. [L. tcgir
mentumtego, to cover,}
tegumentary, tcg-u-mcnt'ar-i, adj. same as Integu
mentary.
Telegraph, tel'e-graft n. lit. the distant writer; an
apparatus for giving signals from a distance by
means of electricity or magnetism.v.t. to con
vey or announce by telegraph '.Pr.p. tele
graphing ; Pa.p. telegraphed. [Fr. ielegraplu
Gr. tile, at a distance, and graphs, to write.]
telegram, tel'e-gram, a message sent by tele
graph. [Gr. tile, at a distance, and gramma, that
which is writtengraphs.]
telegraphic, tel-e-grarik, adj.,pertainingto, or com
municated by a telegraph.adv. telegraphically.
telegraphist, tc-lcg'ra-fist, n., one who works a tele-
graph.
telegraphy, te-leg|ra-fi, ., the science or art of con
structing or using telegraphs.
Telescope, tele-skop, n, an optical instrument for
viewing objects at a distance. [Ft.Gr. tile,
at a distance, and skopeS, to see.]
telescopic, tel-e-skoplk, adj., pertaining to, per
formed by, or like a telescope; seen only by a
telescope.adv. telescop'lcally.
Tell, tel, v.t., to number or give an account of ;
to utter ; to narrate ; to disclose ; to inform ; to
discern ; to explain.v.L to give an account ;
to produce or take effect :pr.p. telling; Pad.
and pa.p. told. [A.S. tellan. Ice. telia, Dan.
tale, Ger. z&hlen, to number.]
teller, tel'er, ., one who tells or counts ; a clerk
whose duty it is to receive and pay money.
tell-tale, tel-tal, n., one who tells tales; one who
officiously tells the private concerns of others.
Tellurio, tcVWrxk, adj.,pertaining to, or proceeding
from the earth. [L. telius} telluris, the earth.]
tellurium, tel-lu'ri-um, n. a brittle, white metal like
sulphur In its properties, found in earth or clay.
Temerity, te-mer'i-ti, ., rashness ; unreasonable
contempt for danger. [Fr. timtritt; L. temeri-
tastemere, by chance, rashly.]
Temper, tem'per, v.t., to divide properly ; to mix in
due proportion, ; to modify by mixture : to mo
derate ; to soften ; to bring to a proper degree
of hardness '.pr.p. tempering ; Pa.p. tem'pered.
n. due mixture of different qualities ; state of
a metal as to hardness, &c. : constitution of the
body : state ofmind, esp. with regard to feelings ;
passion ; calmness or moderation. [A. S. tern-
Prian ; L. temperoternpus, a bit cut off, por
tion of timeroot tern, to cut]
temperament, tern per-a-ment, n. due temper or
fate, far; mf, her; mine;
0*4
tenfold
mixture of qualities ; internal constitution
or state ; disposition. [L. temperamentum
tempera.]
temperance, tem'per-ans, n. moderation, esp. m the
appetites and passions. (L. temperantta.]
temperate, tem'per-4t, adj. lit. with proper temper;
moderate, esp. in the appetites and passions;
calm ; cool : abstemious.adv. tem'perately.
. tem'peratenecs. [L. temperatus, pa.p. of
tempera.]
temperature, tem'pcr-a-tilr, rt, constitution ; propor
tion ; degree of any quality, esp. amount of heat
or cold. [L. temperaturatempera.]
Tempest, tem'pest, n. lit. a portion oftime, a season,
then weather, bad weather ; wind, rushing with
great velocity, usually with rain or snow; a
violent storm : any violent commotion. [L. tem-
Pestas, a season, tempestternpus, time.]
tempestuous, tem-pest'fl-us, adj., resembling, or per
taining to a tempest; very stormy ; turbulent.
adv. tempestuously.n. tempest pouinesa.
Temple, tem'pl, n. lit. a small space cut off or
marked out, esp. for religious purposes ; an edi
fice erected to a deity or for religious purposes ;
a place of worship : in London, two inns of court,
once occupied by the Knights Templars. [L.
templum, for tempulum, a space marked out,
dim. of tempus, a piece cut off. See Temper.]
Templar, tem'plar, . one of a religious and military
order, founded in the xalh cent, for the protec
tion of the Holy Sepulchre and pilgrims going
thither: a student or lawyer living in the Temple.
London, [orig. called ' Poor Soldiers of the
Temple of Solomon,' from their having acquired
the church and convent of the Temple.]
Temple, tem'pl, n. the flat portion of either side of
the head above the cheek-bone, [old Fr. temple:
L. tempus, pi. tempora, properly the right place,
the fatal spottempus, the fit time.]
temporal, tem'por-al, adj., pertaining to the tem
ples. [L. temporalis.]
Temporal, tem'por-al, adj., Pertainingto time, esp.
to this life or world, opposed to eternal ; worldly,
secular, or civil, opposed to sacred or eccle
siastical.adv. tem'porally. [L. temporalis
tempus, temporis, time.]
temporality, tem-por-al'i-ti, *. what pertains to
temporal welfare : in //. revenues of an eccle
siastic proceeding from lands, tithes, and the tike.
temporary, tem'por-ar-i, adj., for a time only:
transient.adv. temporarily.n. tern p^i-artnees.
[L. temporariustempus, temporis, time.]
temporise, tem'por-Tz, v.t., to comply with the time
or occasion ; to yield to circumstances ifrd*.
tem'porlsing ; Pa.p. temporised.
Tempt, temt, v.t. lit. to stretch out or try the
strength of; to put to trial ; to test ; to try to
persuade, esp. to evil ; to entice:Pr-P' tempr/-
*ng ;Pa.p. tempt'ed. [old Fr. tempter; Fr. tenter;
L. teniaf tempto, an inten. of tendo, to stretch.]
temptation, tem-ta'shun, n., act oftempting; state
of being tempted : that which tempts ,- entice
ment to evil ; trial.
tempter, temt'er, n., one who tempts, esp. the
dcvi\.fem. tempt'reu.
tempting, temt'ing, adj., adapted to tempt cr
entice.adv. tempt'lngly.
Ten, ten, adj. twice five.n. a figure denoting ten
units, as 10 or x. (A.S. ten, tyn; Ger. zehn ; W.
deg; L. decern; Gr. deka; Sans, dacast.]
tenfold, tenfold, adj., ten timesfolded; ten times
more. [Ten, and Fold.]
mote ; mate ; mGDn j Men.
 tenth
tents, tenth, adj. the last of ten; next in order
after the ninth.n. one of ten equal parts,
tenthly, tcnth'li, adv., in the tenth place.
Tenable, tcn'a-bl, adj., capable of being retained,
kept, or defended.n. ten'ableneu. [Fr. tenable,
from tenir, L. teneo, to hold-]
tenacious, te-na'shus, adj., retaining or holding
fast ; apt to stick ; stubborn.adv. tena'cioualy.
m. tene'ciounees. [L. tenor, tenacisteneo. ]
tenacity, te-nas'i-ti, n., quality ofbeing tenacious ;
the quality of bodies which makes them stick
to others. [L. tenacita*tenax.]
tenancy, ten'an-si, . a temporary holding of land
or property, [old Fr. tenance; low L. tencntia,
tenantiatenens, pr.p. of teneo.]
tenant, ten'ant, n., one who retains or possesses
land or property under another; one who has
temporary possession of any place.v.t. to hold
as a tenant :pr.p. tenanting ; pa.p. ten'anted.
tenantable, ten'ant-abl, adj., fit to he tenanted;
in a state of repair suitable for a tenant,
tenantlew, ten'ant-les, adj., without a tenant.
tenantry, ten'ant-ri, n., the body of tenants on an
estate.
Tench, tensh, n. a fresh-water fish, of the carp
family, very tenacious of life, [old Fr. tencke ;
Fr. tanche; It. and L. tinea.]
Tend, tend, v.t., toattend; to accompany as assist
ant or protector ; to take care of:pr.p. tend'ing ;
Pa.p. tend'ed. [contracted from Attend.]
tender, tend'er, n. a small vessel that attends' a
larger with stores, &c. ; a carriage attached to
locomotives, to supply fuel and water.
Tend, tend, v.t., to stretch, aim at, or move in a
certain direction ; to be directed to any end or
purpose; to contribute:^-./, tend'ing; pa.p.
tend'ed. [L.' tendo, Gr. teind, to stretch, ami.]
tendency, tend'en-si, n. direction, object, or result
to which anything tends; inclination ; drift. [Fr.
tendanceL. tendens, pr.p. of tendo.]
tender, tend'er, v.t., to stretch outoroffer foraccept
ance : (obs. ) to care for, to regard with kind
ness '.Pr.p. tendering ; Pa.p. tendered.n. an
offer or proposal for acceptance, esp. of some
service ; the thing offered.
Tender, ten'der, adj. lit rubbed smooth, soft ; deli-
' cate ; easily impressed or injured in any way ;
not hardy; fragile; weak and feeble: easily
moved to pity, love, &c. ; careful not to injure ;
unwilling to cause pain : apt to cause pain : ex
pressive of the softer passions ; compassionate.
adv. ten'darly.n. tenderness. [Fr. tendre ; L.
tener; akin to teres, rubbed smoothtero, Gr.
MrS, to rub.]
tender-hearted, ten'der-hart-ed, adj. having great
tenderness ofheart ; full of feeling.
Tendon, ten'don, n. lit. a tight-stretching band; a
hard, strong cord or tissue by which a muscle is
attached to a bone. [Fr. tendonL. tendo, to
stretch ; Gr. tenSnteind, to stretch.]
Tendril, ten'dril, n. a slender, spiral shoot of a plant
by which it attaches itself for support.a,?'/.
clasping or climbing, [old Fr. tendriUon; Fr.
tendronL. teneo, to hold.]
Tenehroni, ter/e-brus, adj.. dark; gloomy. [L.
tenebrosustenebrce, darkness.]
Tenement, ten'e-ment, n., anything held or that
may be held by a tenant ; a dwelling or habita
tion, [low L. tenementumteneo, to hold.]
tenemental, tcn-e-ment'al, adj., pertaining to a
tenement ; that may be held by a tenant.
fate, far ; m, her ; mine ;
Tergiversation
tenure, ten'ur, n., a holding or manner of holding
by a tenant, esp. lands or tenements. [Fr.
tenure; low L. tenurateneo, to hold.]
Tenet, ten'et, n. any opinion, principle, or doctrine
which a person holds or maintains as true. [L.
tenet, he holdsteneo, to hold.]
Tennis, ten'is, . a game in which a ball is driven
against a wall by rackets, and continually kept
in motion. [Fr. tones, hold, from tentr, L. teneo,
to hold.]
Tenon, ten'un, n. the end ofa piece of wood inserted
into the socket or mortise of another, to hold
the two together.v.t. to fit with tenons. [Fr.
tenontentr, L. teneo, to hold.]
Tenor, ten'ur, n. lit, a holding on or continuing the
general course, esp. of thought or meaning'; pur
port : the highest kind of adult male voice, be
tween bass and alto ; one who sings tenor. [L.
tenor, a holding onteneo, to hold.]
Tense, tens, n. lit. time; the form of a verb to indi
cate the time and state of the action, [old Fr.
tens; Ft. temps, L. ternpus, time.]
Tense, tens, adj., extended or stretched; strained
to stiffness; rigid.adv. tease'ly.. tenseness.
[L. tensus, pa.p. of tendo, to stretch.]
tensile, ten'sil, tensible, ten si-bl, adj., capable of
being stretched.
tension, ten'shun, n., act of stretching; state of
being stretched or strained; strain; effort.
tensity, ten'si-ti, n.t tenseness; state of being tense.
tensor, ten'sor, n. ht the extender or stretcher; a
muscle that stretches.
tent, tent, n. lit. something extended or stretched
out ; a portable lodge or shelter, gen. of canvas
stretched on poles : a plug or roll of lint used to
dilate a wound or opening in the flesh.v.t.
to cover with tents ; to probe : to keep open with
a tent :pr.6. tent/ing ; pa.p. tented'. [Fr. tente;
It. tenda; L. tentoriumtendo, to stretch.]
tented, tent/ed, adj., covered with tents.
tenter, ten'ter,. a machine for extendingor stretch
ing cloth on by hooks.v.t. to stretch on hooks.
Tentacle, ten'ta-kl, n. a threadlike organ of certain
insects for feeling or motion, [low L. lentacu-
lum~~L. tento to feeltendo, to stretch.]
tentacular, tcn-tak'G-lar, adj., relating to tentacles.
Tentation, ten-tf'shun, old form of Temptation.
Tentative, ten'ta-tive, adj., trying; experimental.
[L. tento, to handle, try.]
Tenth, &c See under Ten.
Tenuity, ten-O'i-ti, ., thinness; smallness of diam
eter; slendcrness; rarity. [L. tenuitastenuis,
thin, slenderroot of tendo, to stretch.]
Tenure. See under Tenement.
Tepid, tep'id, adj., moderately warm ; lukewarm.
n. tep ldneti. [L. tepidustcpeo, to be warm.]
tepidity, te-pid'i-ti, tepidness.
tepefy, tep'e-fl, v.t., to make tepid or moderately
warm '.pr.p. tep'efving ; pa.p. tep'efled. [L.
lepefaciotepeo, andfacio, to make. ]
tepefactlon, tep-e-fak'shun, n., act ofmaking tepid
or lukewarm.
Teraphun, ter'a-fim, n.pl. in B., idols, images, or
household gods, consulted as oracles. [Heb.]
Terce, tcrs, n. same as Tierce.
Terebinth, ter'e-binth, n., the turpentine-tree. [L.
terebinthus ; Gr. terebinthos.}
Tergiversation, ter-ji-ver-sa'shun. n. lit, a turning
of the back ; a shift or shifting ; subterfuge ;
fickleness ofconduct. [L. tergiversatiotergum,
the back, and versor, versatumverto, to turn.]
; mute ; mGOn ; then.
5'5
 Term testable
Term, term, ., boundary, limit; any limited or belonging to a city or state ; domain. [L.
period ; the time for which anything lasts ; the territoriumterra, the earth, land.]
time during which the courts of law arc open ; territorial, ter-i-to'ri-al; adj., pertaining to terri
certain days on which rent is paid : that by tory ; limited to a districtadv. territo'rially.
which a thought is expressed, a word or expres Terrible, Terrific, &c. See under Terror.
sion : a condition or arrangement (gen. in//.): Terror, ter^ir, n. lit. fear which causes trembling ;
iaalg., a member of a compound quantity.v.t. extreme fear ; that which causes fear ; dread. [L.
to apply a term to ; to name or call :Pr.p. term'- terrorterreo, to frighten ; from root ofTremble ]
ing ; fa.p. termed'. [Fr. terme ; L. termen, or terrorism, ter'ur-izm, ., a state ofterror; a state
terminus, Gr. terma, a boundary; Sans, tri, which impresses terror.
to cross, tarana, crossing.] terrible, tetM-bl, adj., fitted to excite terror or
terminable, ter'min-abl, adj., that may be bounded awe ; awful ; dreadful.adv. terribly. [L. ter-
or limited. ribilisterreo, to frighten.]
terminal, ter'min-al, adj., pertaining to, or growing terribleneas, terl-bl-nes, . in B., terror, dread.
at the end or extremity. [L. terminaiis.]
terminate, ter'min-at, v.t., to set a limit to; to set terrific, ter-rif'ik, adj., creating ox causing terror;
fitted to terrify; terrible. [L. terrificus.]
the boundary ; to put an end to : to finish.v.t. terrify, ter^-fl, v.t., to cause terror in; to frighten
to be limited ; to end ; to close lfrf. termin
ating ; Pa.p. terminated. [L. termim, -atum greatly terTifled.
: to alarm ipr.p. terrifying ; pa.p.
[L. terreo, andfacio, to make.]
terminus.]
termination, ter-min-a'shun, act ofterminating Tone, ters, adj. lit rubbed or wiped clean ; com
or ending ; limit; end; result. [L. terrninafio,] pact or concise, with smoothness, or elegance ;
termination*!, ter-min-a'shun-al, adj., Pertaining neatadv. tersely.M.tene'ness. [L. tersus
tergeo, tersurn, to rub cleantero, to rub.]
to, orforming a termination.
terminatiye, ter'min-at-iv, adj., tendingto terminate Tertian, tcVshi-an, adj., occurringevery thirddzy.
or determine ; absolute.adv. ter'minatively. .a disease or fever with paroxysms every third
terminology, ter-min-ol'o-ji,termonology, ter-mon-ol'- tertiary,day. [L. tertianusteriius, thirdtres, three.]
o-ji, n.,a discourse or treatise on terms; doctrine or formation. teVshi-ar-i, adj., ofthe thirddegree, order,
of terms ; the terms used in any art, science, &c [L. teritariustertt'us.]
[L. terminus, and Gr. logos, discourse.] Tewalate, tes'el-fit, v.t., toform into squares or lay
terminal, ter'min-us, n.t a termination or boun with checkered work :pr.p. tess'elating ; pa.p.
dary ; the end or extreme point ; one of the cx- tess'elated. [L. tessela/us, tessclatedtesselia,
- treme points of a railway. [L.] dim. oftessera, asquare pieceGr. tessares, four.]
TermaganVteVma-gant, n. a boisterous, bold woman. tessel&tlon, tes-el-5'shun, ., tessclated or mosaic
adj. boisterous; brawling; tumultuous. [Ter work; the operation of making it.
magant or Tervagant, a supposed Mahometan Teat, test, n. lit. an earthen vessel; a pot in which
deity represented in the old moralities or plays metals are tried and refined ; any critical trial
as of a most violent character.] or examination ; means of trial : that with which
termagancy, teYma-gan-si, n., state or quality of anything is tried ; standard ; proof ; distinction.
being a termagant ; turbulence. v.t. to put to proof; to examine critically:
Tern, tern, n. a long-winged aquatic fowl allied to pr.p. tesring; pa.p. test'ed. [old Fr. test; L.
the gull. [Dan. teme, tame ; Ice. therna, sea- testa, a piece of baked clay, an earthen potJ
swallow ; Dutch, stern; low L. sterna.] Testable. See under Testify.
Ternary, teYnar-i, adj.,Proceeding by, or consisting Testaceous, tes-ta'shus, adj., consisting ofor having
of threes.. the number three. [L. ternarius a hard shell. [L. testaceustestat baked clay,
terni, three eachtres, three.] a shell.]
ternate, ternat, adj., threefold, or arranged in Testament, Testate, &c. See under Testify.
threes, [low L. tematusterm'.]
Terrace, ter'as, n. a raised level bank of earth ; any Tester, top or
tes'ter, n. a flat covering or canopy at the
over a bed, pulpit, &c. [old Fr. teste, the
raised flat place ; the flat roof of a house.v.t. head ; It. testera,
to form into a terrace \fr.p. terracing; Pa.p. anything ; L. testa,the head-piece or crown of
an earthen pot, the head.]
terr'aced. [Fr. terrasseL. terra, the earth.]
terra-cotta, ter'a-kot'a, ., baked earth or clay ; a Testicle. See under Testify.
composition of clay and sand used for statues, Testify, tcrti-fT, v.i., to bear witness; to make a
&c. [It.L. terra, and It. cotto, cooked, baked solemn declaration : to protest or declare a
L. coquo, coctum, to cook.] charge {with against).v.t. to bear witness to;
terraqueous, ter-aTcwe-us, adj., consisting of land to affirm or declare solemnly or on oath -.pr.p.
and "water. [L. terra, earth, aqua, water,] testifying ; Pa.p. tes'tifTca.n. tea lifter. [L,
terreen, ter-Cn', . lit. an eart/tenware dish ; a testificortestis, a witness, andfacio, to make.]
large dish or vessel for holding soup at table. testament, tcs'ta-ment, n., that which testifies, or
[Fr. terrineterre, L. terra, earth,] in which an attestation is made ; the solemn de
terrene, ter-Cn', adj., pertaining to the earth; claration in writing of one's will ; a will : one of
earthy : earthly. [i terrenusterra, the earth.] the two great divisions of the Bible. [1...testamen-
terreitrial, ter-es tri-al, adj., pertaining to, or ex turntestor, to be a witnesstestis, a witness.]
isting on the earth; earthly; representing the testamentary, tes-ta-ment'ar-i, adj., pertaining to a
earth.. an inhabitant of the earth. [L. Ur* testament or will; bequeathed or done by will.
restristerra, the earth.] testate, tes'tat, adj. , having made and left fi will.
terrier, terser, n. a dog that pursues animals to [L, testatus, pa.p. of testor.]
their earth or burrow ; a hole or burrow where testator, tes-ta'tor, ., one who leaves a wilLfem.
foxes, rabbits, Stcsecure themselves, [old Fr. ter testatrix. [L. testator.]
rier; Fr. terrier, burrowL. terra, the earth.] testable, test'a-bl, adj., capable of being given by
territory, te^i-tor-i, . the extent of land around will. [L. testabitis.]
fate, far ; me", her ; mine ; mOte ; mute ; mCOn ; then.
 testicle theistlo
testicle, tes'ti-kl, n. lit. that which testifies or Ger. degen, a sword, dienen, to serve ; acc to
shews manhood ; a gland which secretes the Wedgwood, orig. a man.]
seminal fluid in males, one of the stones. [L. thanedom , than'dum, n. thejurisdiction or property
testiculus, dim. of testis, a witness.] ofa thane.
testiest*. tcs-tik'O-Ut, testlculated, tes-tiku-lat-ed, Thank, thangk, v.t. to expressgood-willor gratitude
adj. , shaped like a testicle. for a favour \pr.p. thank'ing; pa.p. thanked'.
testimony, tes'ti-mo-ni, n., that which testifies; . (usually in //.} expression of good-will or
evidence ; declaration to prove some fact ; proof : gratitude for favour received. [A.S. thane,
in B. , the two tables of the law ; the whole divine will, thanks, thancian, to thank ; Goth, thagks,
revelation. [L. testimoniumtester, to witness.] thanks; Ice. tkokki, good-will : allied to Think.}
testimonial, tes-ti-m*J'ni-al, adj., containing testi thankful, thangk'fool, adj. , full ofthanks ; grate
mony.n. ft writing or certificate bearing tes ful.adv. thank fully. --n. thankfulness.
timony to one's character. [L. testimonialis.] thankless, thangk'Ics, adj., unthankful; not ex
Testy, tes'ti, adj., heady ; easily irritated ; fretful ; pressing thanks for favours ; not gaining thanks.
adv. thank'leuly.n. thank'leuneei.
peevish.adv. tes'ti'iy.. tee'tlnesa, [old Fr. thank-offering,
testuteste, the head. See Teeter.] thangk'-of-er-ing, ., an offering
made
Tether, tcM'er, . a rope or chain for tying a beast. thanksglver, to express thanks for mercies received.
thangks'giv-er, ., one who gives
v.t. to confine with a tether ; to restrain within thanks, or acknowledges
certain limits:fr.p. tethering; Pa.p. tethered, thanksgiving, thangks'giv-ing, a favour.
[low Butch, tider, tier; Gael. taod, halter, thanks ; a public acknowledgment ., act of giving
rope, reins, teadhair, to tether.] of divine
goodness ana mercy ; a day set apart for this.
Tetragon, tet'ra-gon, n., a figure offour angles* thankworthy,
[Gr. tetragdnontetra, four, gBnia, an angle.] thangk'wur-Mi, adj., worthy of or
tetragonal, tc-trag'o-nal, adj., pertaining to a That, deserving thanks.
tetragon; having four angles or sides. fhnt,prvn. demons, and rel.as a demons,
Tetrahedron, tet-ra-hS'dron, n. a solid figure en [pl. those> it points out a person or thing ; the
closed by four bases or triangles. [Gr. tetra, former or more distant thing; not this but the
other : as a rel., who or which.conj. used to
four, ana hedra, a seat, a base.]
tetraheorsj, tet-ra-hi'dral, adj., havingfour sides ; [A.S. that,a clause
introduce : because; for ; in order that.
neut. of the article se or the; Goth.
bounded by four triangles. thata; Ice. that ; Sans, tat.] See The.
Tetrarch. tetVark, h. in anc. Rome, the ruler of the
fourth part of a province ; a subordinate prince. Thatch, thach, v.t., to deck or cover, as a roof with
[Gr. tetrarchistetra, four, and archis, a ruler.] straw, reeds, &c. ; Pr.p. thatch'ing ; Pa.p.
tetrarchate. te-trark'at, n., office ox jurisdiction of thatched'.n. straw, &c. used to cover the roofs
a teirarch ; the fourth part of a province. of buildings and stacks.n. thatch er. [A.S.
Tetrasyllable, tel'ra-sil-la-bl, ., a word of four theccan, to cover, thecen, a roof; conn, with L.
syllables. [Gr. tetra, four, and Syllable | tego, Gr. sleigd, to cover, and Deck.]
tetrasyllable, tct-ra-sil-lab'ik, adj., consisting of thatching, thacn'ing, n., the act or art of covering
four syllables. with thatch ; the materials used for thatching.
Teutonic. tO-ton'ik, adj., pertaining to the Teutons Thaw, thaw, v.i. , to melt or grow liquid, as ice ; to
or ancient Germans, and their descendants.. become so warm as to melt ice.v.t. to cause
the language of the Teutons. [L. teutonicus to melt '.pr.p. thawing ; pa.p. thawed'.n.
teutoni, teutonesfrom root of Dutch.] the melting of ice or snow by heat ; the change
Text, tekst, . lit. something woven : the original of weather which causes it. [A.S. thawan ;
words of an author ; that on which a comment melting, Ger. thauen, to thaw, to fall in dew; W. taivdd,
is written ; a passage of Scripture. [L. textus dripping, toddi, to melt.]
texo, to weave.] The, thS, definite article, used to denote a particu
text-book, tekst'-book, n. orig. a book with wide lar person or thing ; also to denote a species.
spaces for comments on the text; a book con [A.S. se, the {mas.), that {neut.), a softened
taining the leading principles ofa science, form of That.]
text-hud, tekstZ-hand, n. a large hand in writing ; Theatre, thf'a-ter, n. a place where public represen
so called because it was the practice to write the tations, chiefly dramatic or musical, art seen;
text of a book in large hand,
textile, tckst'il, adj., woven or capable of being any place rising by steps like the seats of a
theatre : a building adapted for scholastic exer
woven. [L. lextitistexo, textum, to weave.]
textual, tekst'Q-al, adj., Pertaining to, or contained action.anatomical
cises, demonstrations, &c. : scene of
[Gr. theatrontheaomai, to see.]
in the text ; serving for a text.adv. text uaiiy. theatric, the-at/rik,
textuallit, tekst'Q-al-ist, n., one ready in citing relating or suitabletheatrical, the-ar/rik-al, adj.,
to a theatre, or to actors;
Scripture texts : one who adheres to the text, pompous.adv. theatrically. [Gr. theatrikos.]
texture, tcksr/Qr, n., anything woven, a web; theatricals, the-ar/rik-als, r. pl. dramatic perform
manner of weaving or connecting; disposition ances.
of the parts of a body. [L. texturatexo.] Thee, Me, pron. objective of Thou.
Than, /Aan, conj. a word placed after the compara Theft. See under Thief.
tive of an adjective or adverb between the
things compared. [A.S. thanne, thonne, accusa Their, M3r, Poss. adj. pron., oforbelongingto them.
tive of That. Gcr. denn, than, then.] Theirs, poss. of They. [A.S. hira, genitive
Thane, than, n. a dignitary under the Anglo-Saxons pl. of he; old E. her.]
and Danes, who prob. held the same rank as a Theism, thelzm, n. belief in the existence of a God,
baron does now. [old K. than; A.S. thegen, as opposed to Atheism. [Gr. theos, a god.]
a servant, nobleman ; Ice. thegn, a man, wamor ; thetst, tnCist, . one who believes in a God.
old Ger. degen, a so'.dier, servant, conn, with theistlc, thc-ist'ik, thclttical, th-ist'ik-al, adj. , per-
fate, far ; me, her ; mine ; mOte ; mOte ; mOOn ; Men.
5*7
 Them thievish
taining to theism, or to a theist ; according to There, thar, adv.. in thatplace (opposed to Han) ;
the doctrines of theUts. it is used to begin sentences when the subject
, them, pron. objective of Thar. [A.S. him, comes after the verb. [A.S. thartheere, gen
itive and dative of That ; Ice. thar; Ger. da.)
acc. and dat, pL of he; old E. hem.] Thereabout' or -sbouti', adv., about or near that
i, them, h. a subject set, or proposed for dis
cussion, or on which a person speaks or writes. place ; near that number, quantity, or degree.
Thereaft er, adv., after or according that.
[Fr. theme; L. and Gr. thema-Gr. tithimi, to Thereat', adv., at that place or occurrence ; on
place, set.] that account.Thereby', adv., by that means ; in
thcm-sc\vt',pron., pi. of consequence of that.Therefore (Mer'f'ur), adv.,
for that or this reason; consequently. There
Then, Men, adv. at that time ; afterward ; imme from', adv.,from that or this.Therein', adv.,
diately : at another time ; in that case ; there in that or this place, time, or thing.Thereat
fore, [old E. thanue, titan, accusative ofThat ; thar-of', adv., ofthat or this.Thereon", adv., on
A.S. fhotine, than**, thenne ; Ger. dann.] that or this.Therethroagh', adv. (obs. ) through
thuic*. Mens, adv., from that time or place : for that place.Thereto', Thereunto', adv., to that or
that reason, [old K. thentu, genitive thennes; this.Thereupon', adv., upon or in <
A.S. thanatt, old Ger. thanana ; Ger. danfieu.] of that or this ; immediately.-
thenceforth, Mcns'forth, adv., from that time with that or this.
forth or forward. [Thane*, and Forth.] Thermal, ther'mal, adj., Pertaining to heat ; warm.
thenceforward. Mens-for*ward, adv., from that [Gr. thermos, hotthenni, heatthorp, to heat,j
timeforward or onward, thermometer, ther-mom'e-tcr, n. an instrument for
Theocracy, the-ok'ra-si, government of a state measuring the variations of heat or temperature.
immediately by God ; the state thus governed. tbermometrlc, [Gr. thermi, heat, and metron, a measure.}
[Gr. theokratiatheos, God, and hrated, to rule.] ther-mo-met'rik, thermometries!, ther-
theocratic, the-o-krat'ik, theocratical, ihe-o-krat'ik- mo-met'rik-a1, adj., pertaining to, or made with
al, adj., pertaining to a theocracy. a thermometer.adv. thermomet ricatty.
Theodolite, the-od'o-ltt, n. an instrument used in Thesaurus, the-saw'rus, n., a treasury ox repository,
esp. of knowledge ; a lexicon or cyclopaedia.
veying
surve; " for observing and measuring height [L. ; Gr. thisaurostithimi, to place.]
andI distances. [Gr. thcaomai, to see, and doll These, thit, demon, pron., pi. ofThis, [old E. tkeos,
chos, long.] thes, thise; A.S. thas, thas.)
Theogony, the-og'o-ni, n. the part of heathen my Thesis,
thology which taught the genealogy of the gods. whichthe"is sis, n, {pi. The ses , a position or that
[Gr. theogoniaDuos, God, and gone, genos, subject forset adown or advanced for argument ; a
scholastic exercise; an essay on a
racegend, to beget.] theme. [L. and Gr. thesistithimi, toset, place.]
theogonirt, the-og'o-nist, n., a writer on theogony.
Theology, the-ol'o-ii, n. the science which treats of Theurgy, tbe'ur-ji, *. lit. the work of a god; that
God and his relation to man. [Gr. theologui kind of magic which affects to work by super*
theos, God, and logos, a treatise.] natural agency. [Gr. theourgiatheos, god,
theologian, the>o-l5'ji-an, ., one well versed in and ergo, to workergon, a work.]
theology ; a professor of divinity ; a divine, theurgic, thfc-ur'jik, theurgical, thf-ur'jik-al, adj.,
theologic, thc-o-loj'ilc, theological, thc-o-loj'ik-al, Pertaining to theurgy.
adj., pertaining to theology or divinity.adv. Thew, tha, k. (used chiefly in //.) lit. manner,
theologically. [Gr. theologtkos.] habit: muscle or strength ; sinews. [A. S. theaw.
theologirt, thc-ol'o-jist, a student in the science Perhaps the same as Thigh, A.S. theoh.]
of theology ; a theologian. They, Mi, pers. pron. lit. those persons used as pL
theologUM, the-oro-jlz, v.t., to rendertheological. of He,
v.i. to make a system oftheology XPr.p. theol'o- he, heo,She, or It. [old E. thei; A.S. /:.-, nl of
hit, he, she, it ; Goth, thai.]
glsing ; Pa.p. theol'ogTsed. Thick, thik, adj. lit tight, close pressed; dense:
>tic, &c See under Theory. compact : not transparent or clear ; misty : dull ;
, the"o-ri, n. lit the act or result of viewing crowded ; closely set ; abundant : haviug great
mining ; an explanation, or system of any-
_ an exposition of the abstract principles fast depth or circumference.adv.closely; frequently;
; to a great depth.adv. thickly.n. thick -
of a science or art ; speculation as opposed to [A.S. thicce; Ice. thyckr, Gael, tuigk.)
practice. [Gr. thebriaGr. thebreb, to view.] thik'en, v.t., to make thick or close; to
theorem, Uie'o-rem, n., that which is viewed men strengthen. v.i. to become thick or obscure;
tally ; a proposition to be proved. [Gr. theorima, to press : to grow quick or animated '.fr.p.
lit. a stgntthedreS, to view.) thick'ening ; Pa.p. thick'ened. [A.S. thicctan.]
theoretic, thfi-o-ret'ik, theoretical, the-o-rer'ik-al, thicket, thik ei, m. a collection of trees or shrubs
adj., pertaining to theory; not practical; spe thickly or closely set.
culative.adv. theoretically. [Gr. thedritikosj] thick-headed, thik-hed-ed, adj., having
theorise, th'o-r!z, toform a theory ; to form head or skull; stupid,
opinions solely by theories :/r./. the'orlsing; thicklsh, tbik'ish, adj., somewhat thick.
Pa.p. thC'orlsed.n. the orleer. Thief, thf, n. one who steals or takes unlawfully
theorist, the'o-rist, n., a theoriser; one given to what is not his own. [A.S. tkeof. the/; Ice.
theory and speculation. thiofr; old Ger. diup, diep ; Ger. dieb.\
Therapeutic, ther-a-pu'tik, adj., pertaining to the theft, theft, n,,actofthieving. [A.S. theofth,thyfih\\
healing art; curative. [Gr. tJurapentikos thieve, thev, v.i., to practise theft tosteal :Pr.p.
therapeud, to take care of, to heal, to nurse.] thieving; Pa.p. thieved'. [A.S. theojian.l
"" m, ther-a-pu'tiks, n.sing. that part of "ievery, theVer-i, n., the practice of thieving.
: concerned with cures or remedies. thievish, theVish, adj., given to, or like theft or
flte, fir; me", her ; mine ; mOte ;
51S
 Thigh
stealing ; acting by stealth ; scret ; sly.adv.
thievishlyn. thlev'iahneaa.
Thigh, thT, . the thick fleshy part of the leg from
the knee to the trunk. [A.S. theoh ; Ice. thio;
Dutch, dude, ditght; old Ger. dioh, thioh.]
Thimbu, thim'bl, if. lit. a protection for the thumb;
a metal cover for the finger, used in sewing,
[dim. of Thumb.]
Thin, thin, adj. lit. extended or stretched out;
having little thickness : slim ; lean; small: fine;
not close or crowded ; not full or well grown.
adv. not thickly or closely ; in a scattered state.
- adv. thinly.n. thin'new. [A.S. thynne, thin,
L. tenuis, Sans, tanu ; Gr. tunnos, small ; W.
tenen; Gael tana; allied to A.S. thenian, L.
Undo} Gr. teinS, to extend, stretch.] \
thin, thin, v.t., to make thin; to make less close or
crowded ; to make rare or less thick or dense :
pr.p. thinn'ing ; /a./, thinned'. [A.S. tkynnian.]
thlnnlsh, thin'ish, adj., somewhat thin.
Thin*, \hXn,/ron. (possessive form of Thou1, belong
ing to thee ; thy. [A.S. thin ; Ger. dein.]
Thing, thing, n. what one can think of; an inanimate
object; an event; a part. [AS., Ice. thing;
Ger. ding; probably allied to Think.]
Think, thingk, v.i. to exercise the mind ; to revolve
ideas in the mind ; to judge ; to form or hold as
an opinion ; to consider ; to purpose or design.
v.t. to imagine; to judge; to believe or con
sider:/?'./, think'ing; t>a.t. and pa./, thought.
m. think er. [A. S. thencan, thyncan ; Ice.
thenkja ; Ger. denken.]
thought, thawt, p.i.t. and pa./, of Think.n., the
act of thinking; reasoning; deliberation: that
which one thinks; idea; fancy; consideration;
opinion ; meditation : design ; care. [A.S. tkeaht,
from theahte, thohte, pa.t. of thencan, to think.]
thoughtful, thawt'fool, adj., full of thought; em
ployed in meditation: attentive; considerate:
promoting serious thought ; favourable to medita
tion.adv. thought'fully.. thought'fulness,
thoughtless, thawt'les, adj., without thought or
care ; careless; inattentive: stupid; dull.adv.
thoughtlessly.n. thought lessness.
Third, therd, adj. the last of three.n. one of three
equal parts. [A.S. thridda ; see Three.]
thirdly, therd'Ii, adv., in the third/lace.
Thirst, thcrst, . lit. dryness; the uneasiness caused
by want of drink ; vehement desire for drink:
eager desire for anything.v.i. to feel thirst ;
to desire vehemently :/r./. thirsting; /a./.
thirsr/ed. [A. S. thyrst, Ger. durst. Ice. thyrsta ;
allied to Goth, tkaursus, Ice. thurr, dry, Gr.
tersd, L. torreo, to dry, Sans, irish, to thirst.]
thirsty, therst'i, adj., sufferingfrom thirst; dry ;
parched ; vehemently desiring.adv. thirst'lly.
n. thint'iness. [A.S. thurstig.}
Thirteen, thcr'ten, adj. and ., three and ten.
thirteenth. thcr'tOnth, a*ij. and*, the last ofM/riW.
[A.S- threoteothathree,three,and teatha,tenth.]
thirty, thcr'ii, adj. and n., three times ten. [A.S.
tkritigthreo, three, and tig, ten.]
thirtieth, ther'ti-eth, adj. the last of thirty.n. a
thirtieth part. [A.S. thritigodha]
This, Mis, pron. or adj. {pi. These) denoting a person
or thing near, just mentioned, or about to be men
tioned : in B. , the last past [A. S. thes, this ;
Ice. thessi ; Ger. diestr.\
Thistle, this'l, n. a genus of prickly plants. [A.S.
ikistel; Ice. tkistilL]
late, far ; mi, her ; mine ;
Thrash
thistly, this'l!, adj., overgrown with thistles.
Thither, thith'&r, adv., to that /lace; to that end
or result. . [A.S. thidrr; Ice. thadhra.)
thitherward, MiM'er-ward,adv., towardthat place.
Thong, thong, n. a piece or strap of leather to f
anything. [A. S. thivang, thwongold S. t>
gen, Ice. thvinga, Ger. zwingen, to press.]
Thorax, tho'raks, n. lit. a breast-plate ; the part
of the body between the neck and belly ; the
chest. [L. and Gr. thorax, a breast-plate.]
thoracic, tho-ras'ik, adj., pertaining to the thorax
Thorn, thorn, . a sharp, woody spine on the stem
of a plant ; a spine ; a plant having spines or
thorns : anything prickly or troublesome. [A.S.
and Ice. thorn; Goth, thaumus; Ger. dom; W.
draen ; acc. to Wedgwood, prob. from a root
meaning to prick.]
thoraback, thorn'bak, n. a species of ray or skate
which has thorns or spines in its back.
thorniest, thornles, adj., without thorns.
thorny, thorn'i, adj., full of thorns; prickly;
troublesome; harassing. [A.S. thomiht.}
Thorough, thur'O, adj., Passing through or to the
^end; complete; entire.fobs.) Prep, through.
adv. thoroughly. -. thoroughness. [old E.
thorowe, from Through,]
thorough-bass, thur'O-bas, . in music, a bass part
all through a piece, with figures placed over the
notesto indicate the harmony to be played to each,
thoroughbred, thur'O-bred, adj., thoroughly or
completely bred or accomplished ; bred from a
dam and sire of the best blood, as a horse,
thoroughfare, thuV(J-fir, n., a fare or passage for
going through * a public way or street ; right of
passing through. [See Fare.]
thoroughgoing, thur'O-gO-ing, adj., going through
or to the end ; going all lengths ; complete,
thorough-paced, tnur'o-past, adj., thoroughly or
perfectlypaced or trained ; complete.
Those, t/tOz, pron., pi. of That [See These.]
Thou, thaw, pron. of the second person sing., the
person addressed (now gen. used only in <nl.mn
address). [A.S., thu, Ger. du, L. tut Gr. su.
Sans, tvam.]
Though. thQ, conj. lit. on that (condition); admitting;
allowing; even if ; notwithstanding. [A.S. theah.
Ice. thd, Goth, than, Ger. dock ; akin to That]
Thought, Thoughtful, &c See under Think.
Thousand, thou'zand, adj. denoting ten hundred;
proverbially, denoting great number*n. the
number ten hundred ; any large number. [A.S.
thusend, Ger. tattsend, Goth, thusundithus,
tigus, ten, and hand, hundred.]
thousandfold, thou'zand-fOtd, adj., folded a thou
sand times; multiplied by a thousand,
thousandth, thousandth, adj. the last of a thousand
or of any great number.n. one of a thousand or
of any great number.
Thowel, thu'cl, Thowl, thol, n. a pin in the side of a
boat to keep the oars in place. [A.S. thol, Dan.
toll, Ice. thollr, an oar-pui.]
Thrall, thrawl, n.,a slave; slavery; servitude. [A.S.
thrall, threel, Gael, traill. Ice. thrall, a slave.]
thraldom, thralldom, thrawl'dum, n., the condition
ofa thrall or slave ; slavery ; bondage.
Thraah, thrash, v.t. to beat out grain from the
to beat soundly :/r.p. thrashing ; Pa.p.
S. therscan. Ice.
5*9
 thrashing Thrum
thrivingly, thrTVing-ti, adv., in a thriving mamter.
thrisiia, Ger. dreschen ; prob. akin to L. triinro, thrift,
to thrash, tero, triium, Gr. teird, to rub. ] thrift, ., state ofthriving; frugality : pro
thrashing, thrashing, n., the act of beating out sperity ; increase of wealth ; gain : vigorous
growth, as of a plant,
grain from the straw ; a sound beating or drubbing. thriftless, thrift'les, adj., not thrifty; extravagant :
thrashing-floor, thrash'ing-flOr, n. , afloor on which not thriving.adv.
grain is thrashed. thriftlastly.. thrift!eaeneae.
Thread, thred, n., that which is tioisted; a very thrifty, Ust),
thrift*!, adj. (comp. tariffler, superl. thrifV-
shewing thrift or economy ; thriving by
thin line of any substance twisted and drawn frugality.adv. thrlft'lly.n.
out ; a filament of any fibrous substance ; a fine Throat, thrflt, n. the fore-partthrift'Ineav.
line of yarn ; anything resembling a thread ; the of the neck in
prominent spiral part of a screw ; something con which are the gullet and windpipe : an entrance ;
tinued in long course.v.t. to pass a thread a narrow part of anything. [A.S. thrvte, Ger.
drossel, the throat, gullet.]
through the eye of (as a needle) ; to pass orpierce throttle,
through, as a narrow way :pr.p. threading ; thror/1, n. the throat or windpipe, [dim.
of Throat.]-v.t. to choke by pressure on the
pa.p. thread'ed. [A.S. thnaed, from thrawan, to windpipe.-v.i.
wind, Ice. thradr, Ger. drakt, drath, thread, suffocated :pr.p.to breathe hard, as when nearly
throttling; pa.p. thrott'led.
wire, from drehen, to turn, to twist.) [Ger. drosselndrossel, the throat.]
Wireadbare, thred'bir, adj. worn to the bare or naked
thread; having the nap worn off: worn out ; hack Throb, throb, v.i., to beat or palpitate, as the heart,
neyed; used till its novelty or interest is gone. with more than usual force :pr.p. throbb'ing;
thready, thred'i, ad/., like thread; slender; con Pa.p. throbbed'.n. a beat or strong pulsation.
taining or consisting of thread. [Sw. drabba, to knock ; akin to L. trepido, to
Threat, thret, ft., a threatening. [See threaten ] tremble.]
declaration of an intention to inflict punishment Throe, thrO, n., suffering, pain; agony: the pains
or other evil upon another ; menace. of childbirth. [A.S. threa, sufferingthreowan,
threaten, threr/n, v.t. to declare the intention of to suffer.]
inflicting punishment or other evil upon another ; Throne, thrCn, n. lit. a seat ; a chair of state richly
to terrify by menaces; to present the appearance ornamented and covered with a canopy: sove
ofcoming evil,orof something unpleasant:pr.p. reign power and dignity.v.t. to place on a royal
threar/enmg ; ~pap. threat/ened. [A.S. threation, seat : to exalt :pr.p. thrfln'ing ; pa.p. throned'.
to threaten, Goth, thriutan, to vex.]
threatening, threr/n-ing, adj., indicating a threat Throng, throng, Gr.
[L. thronus, thronos, a scattkrad, to set]
n. a large number of people pressed
or menace ; indicating something approaching orcrowdedtogether; a crowd; a great multitude.
or impending.adv. threat'enlngly. v.t. to press or crowd ; to annoy with num
Three, thrfi, adj. and n. two and one. [A.S. and bers.v.i. to crowd together : to come in mul-
Ice. thri, Celt tri, Goth, threis, Ger. drei, L. 'titudes: pr.p. thronging; Pa.p. thronged'.
tres, Gr.threefold,
threefold, treis. Sans,
adj.,tri.}
folded thrice ; thrice re [A.S. thrang, throngthriftgan, to preset]
peated ; consisting of three. Throstle, thros'l, n., the song-thrush or mavis. [A.Sv
three-ply, thrfi'-pli, adj., having threeplies or folds. throstle,Ozx.drossel; akin to L.turdus,* thrush.]
threescore, thre skflr, adj., three times a score, sixty. Throttle. See under Throat.
thrice, thrls, adv., three times, [old E. thries Through, throTJ, prep, from end to end, or from side
Three, with a genitive termination.] to side of: between the sides of: over the whole
Threnody, thren'o-di, ., an ode or song of lamen extent of: among; from beginning to end: by
tation. [Gr. thrinddia, from threnos, a lament means of; in consequence of.adv. from one
(threomai, to cry aloud), and 3dl, a song.] end or side to the other : from beginning to end :
Thresh, thresh, same as Thrash. to the end or purpose, [old E. thurgh, A.S.
Threshold, threshold, n. lit. o> Piece of wood for thurh, Ger. durch, W. trw, Gael, troimh. Sans.
tarnsroot tar, to cross (L. tram, across).]
threshing on ; a piece of wood or stone under the throughly, throTlli, adv. in B., same as Thoroughly.
door of a house ; door ; entrance : the place or
point of entering, [old E. threswold, A.S. throughout, side; in
thrOO-our*, Prep., through to the out-
every part of; from one end to the
threscwaldthrtscan, to thresh, wald, wood.] other.adv. in every part ; everywhere.
Threw, thrCO, past tense of Throw. Throve, thruv, past tense of Thrive.
Thrice. See under Three. Ihrow, thrO, v.t. lit. to turn or twist ; to hurl: to
Thrift, See under Thrive.
Thrill, thril, v.t. orig. to drill, to bore; to pierce. fling': to wind or twist together, as yarn : to form
on a wheel, as pottery : to venture at dice: to
v.t. to pierce, as something sharp; to cause a put
tingling, shivering feeling to run through the down in towrestling.v.i.
off: put on or spread carelessly: to cast
to cast or hurl ; to cast
body : to feel a sharp, shivering sensation : dice
pr.p. thrilling; pa.p. thrilled'.n. a thrilling thrOwn.n. throwing
'.Pr.p.
the act of
;pa.t. threw (thrflO) ; Pa.p.
throwing; a cast, esp. of
sensation. [A.S. thtrlian, to bore a hole; Ger. dice : the distance to which anything
trillen,driUen, to drill a hole. See Drill, to pierce.] thrown.n. throVer. [A.S, thrawan, tomayturn, be
thrilling, thriring, adj. causing a tingling, shivering to twist; Ger. drehen, to twist; W. tro, a turn,
feeling to run through the body. troi, to turn. ]
Thrive, thrlv, v.t. lit. to be careful; to prosper; Thrum, thrum, the end of a weaver's thread ;
to increase in goods ; to be successful : to grow ; coarse yarn.v.t. to furnish with thrums; to
to flourish:/*-./, thriving; pa.t. thrived' and
throve; pa.p. thriv'en. [Ice. thrifa, to care, fringe : to insert short pieces of rope-yarn in a
mat or piece of canvas xpr.p. thrumming ;
thrift care, good success; Dan. trives, to Pa.p. thrummed'. [Ice. thrdm; Sw. trum;
prosper, grow.] Ger. trumm, a piece, end, fragment,]
fate, far; mS, her; mine ; mote ; mute ; mOOn ; then.
 thrummy
thrommy, thrum7!, adj., made of, or like thrums.
Thrush, thrush, w. a small bird, remarkable for
its power of song. (See Throstle.]
Thrust, thrust, v.t., to tread or press; to push or
drive with force. v.i. to make a push : to squeeze
in : to intrude :Pr.p. thrusting ; pad. ana pa.p.
thrust.n. a stab ; an assault. L Ice. thrysta,
to press ; Goth, trudan, to tread ; allied to L.
trudo, trusum, to thrust.]
Thumb, thum, n. the short, thick finger of the
hand ; the corresponding member in other ani
mals. v.t. to handle awkwardly: to play or
soil with the thumb or fingers.v.i. to finger
Pr.p. thumbing ; pa.p, thumbed'. [A.S. thuma;
Ice. ikumall ; L. tumeo, Sans, taumi, to grow
large.]
thumbsin, thumlcin, thumbscrew, thum'skrCO, n. an
old instrument of torture for compressing the
thumb by means of a screw.
Thqmmlm, thum'im, n.pl., perfections. See TJrim.
[Hcb., pi. of torn, perfection.]
Thump, thump, n. a heavy blow.vd. to beat with
something heavy.v.i. to strike or fall with a
dull, heavy blow: Pr.p. thumping ; Pa.p.
thumped'.n. ttmmp'er. [It. thombo, thumoo;
Dan. dump : from the sound, like Bump.]
Thunder, thun'dcr, n. the \\o\\avr-toned, rumbling
sound after a flash of lightning ; any loud noise :
an alarming denunciation.v.i. to make thunder;
to sound as thunder.'v.t. to give out with noise
and terror : to publish a denunciation '.Pr.p.
thundering ; /a./, thun'dered. than derer.
[A.S. thutter, thunder; lec.dunr; Fr. tonnerre;
L. tonitrutono, to thunder : from the sound.]
thunderbolt, thun'dcr-bOlt, n. a bolt or shaft of light
ning preceding a peal of thunder: a daring or
irresistible hero : ecclesiastical denunciation,
thunderstruck, ihun'der-struk, adj., struch by
lightning: astonished: struck dumb.
Thurible, thQr'i-bl, n. a censer of metal for burning
frankincense. [L. thuribulumthus, thurts,
frankincense ; -akin to Gr. thuos, a sacrifice
thud, to sacrifice.]
thnrifer, thurl-fer, w. the server who carries the
thurible. [ L. thus, thuris, andfero, to bear.]
Thuriday, thurz'd5, n. the fifth day of the week, so
called because orig. sacred to Thor, the old
Saxon god of thunder. [A.S. thunres da*g
thuner, thunder and war, and dtrg, day; Sw.
thorsdag, Ice. thorsdagr, Dior's day.]
Thai, thus, adv. in this or that manner ; to this
degree or extent. [A.S., old Ger. ; Dutch, dus.)
Thwart, thwawrt, adj., cross; being crosswise.
vd. to cross: to oppose; to defeat:/^,
thwart ing ; Pa.p. thwart'ed.n. the bench for
rowers placed athwart the bo.it. [A.S. thweorh,
thweorg; W. gxvymwg, cross : Dutch, dwaers,
slanting : probably from root of Through.]
thwartly, thwawrt/li, adv., in a t/nvart manner:
with opposition.
Thy, Ml, pass, adj., thine, of or pertaining to
thee, [contr. of Thine.]
thyself, I- if. pron., thou or thee, in person
used for emphasis. [Thy, and Sell. J
Thyme, tlm, n. a plant, much used in medicine
and cookery, so called from its sweet smell,
or from being used to bum on the altar. [L.
thymum, thymus; Gr. thymos, thymonthyd,
to fill with sweet smells, to burn in sacrifice.]
thymy, \\\\\\,adj.% aboundingwith thyme; fragrant.
fate, far ; m, her ; mine ;
tight
Thyself. See under Thy.
Tiara, tt-a'ra, n. the lofty ornamental head-dress
of the ancient Persians ; a head-dress : the mitre
ofthe Jewish high-priest : the pope's triple crown.
[Fr. tiarv : L. ; Gr. tiara, tiaras.]
tiaraed, tT-S'rad, adj., wearing a tiara.
Tibia, tib'i-a, ., the shin-bone ; the large bone of
the leg : an instrument like a flute, ong. made of
the leg-bone of an animal. [L.]
tibial, tib'i-al, adj., pertaining to the tibia: per
taining to a pipe or flute.
Tie, tik, n. a convulsive motion of certain muscles,
especially of the face. [Fr., from the likeness of
the motion to a ticking sound.]
tlc-douloureux, lik-dOT-lOS-rOT', ., a dolorous or
painful, convulsive motion of a nerve, usually
m the face. [Fr. tic, and douleureux, painful.]
Tick, tik, n. a small insect which infests dogs, &c-
[Fr. tique ; Dutch, teek ; Ger. secke.)
Tick, tik, Ticking, tik'ing, n. the cover in which
feathers, &c. are put for bedding: the cloth of
which a tick is made. [Dutch, tijk ; old Ger.
zeickaL. theca, Gr. thikl, a case, that in>
which anything is puttithimi, to put.]
Tick, tik, v.i. to make a small, quick noise : to beat,
as a watch '.-pr.p. tick'ing; Pa.p. ticked'. [Dutch,
tikken; old Ger. ticken: from the sound.]
tickle, tiki, v.t., to touch slightly and cause to
laugh : to please by slight gratification.v.i. to
have a creeping, tingling feeling :Pr.p. ticlc*-
ling ; Pa.p. tick led.. tickler, [dim. of Tick.J
ticklish, tik'lish, adj., easily tickled: easily affected:
critical.adv. tick llahly.n. tlck'lUhneu.
Ticket, tik'et, n. a bill stuck up : a marked card : a
token of any right or debt.v.t. to mark by a,
ticket \-pr.p. tuVoting : Pa.p. tick'eted. [For
sticketold Fr. esticquette. a label ; old Ger.
stikke, a tack, stekken, to stick.)
Ticking, tik'ing, same as Tick, the cover, &c.
Tide, tld, ., time; season: the flux and reflux
ofthe sea: course. vd. to drive with the stream.
v.i. to pour a tide or flood : to work in or out
of a river or harbour with the tide :pr.p. tid
ing ; pa.p. tided. [A.S., Sw. tid, Ger. zeit, time.)
tidal, tld'af, adj. , pertaining to tides ; flowing and
ebbing periodically.
tldeless, tidies, adj., having no tides.
tide-mill, tTd'-mil, ., a mill moved by water:
a mill for clearing lands of tide-water.
tide-table, tTd'-t3-bl, n. a table giving the time of
high tide at any place.
tide-waiter, tld'-wat-er, n. an officer who waits the
arrival of vessels with the tide, to secure the
payment of the duties. [the tide sets.
tide-way, tld'-w2, n. the way or channel in which
tidings, tld'ingz, '.-.//. , things thatbetide or happen ;
news ; intelligence. [Ice. tidindi, things which
happen ; A.S. tidan, to happen or betide.]
tidy, t?di, adj., lit. in time; neat.*. a cover for
chairs, &c: a child's pinafore.v.t. to make
neat ; to put in good order '.pr.p. tr*dying ;
pa.p. tl'died. [Dutch, tijdig; Sw. tidig.]
Tie, tl, v.t., to bind; to fasten with a cord; to
unite : to constrain ; in music, to unite notes
with a tie :pr.p. tying; pa.p. tied (tld).n,
a knot : a bond : an equality in numbers, as of
votes : in music, a mark signifying that the notes
over or under which it is placed are to be
slurred. [A.S. tian, getian, to tie ; Gr. did,-mi,
deb, Sans. dJ, to bind.]
tight, tit, adj., tied; close; compact: not leaky:
mote ; mute ; mOon ; then.
 tighten tlnVlfl
not loose.adv. tightly.. tightness, [A.S. per season ; to regulate as to time : is music, to
gvtiged, pa.p. oigttian.] measuretM'.tokeep orbeat time:-^> ^.tTm'ing:
tighten, tltn, v.t., to make tight or tighter ; to Pa.p. timed'. [A.S. tima, Ice. timi, S timma,
straiten :pr.p. tightening ; pa.p. tlghVened. Fr. temps, L. tempus, timetern, r ot of Gr.
Tier, te"r, a rw or rank, especially when temnS, to cut.}At times, at distinct intervals:
several rows are placed one above another. [A.S. occasionally.In time. Tune enough in good
tier; old Fr. tiere; Dutch, tuyer, a row, rank.] season ; sufficiently early.
Tierce, trs, ft.( one-third; a cask containing one- time-honoured,
long time;
tlm'-on-urd, adj., honou tdfor a
venerable on account of ai tiquity.
third of a pipe, that is 43 gallons : a sequence
of three cards of the same colour: a third, in time-keeper,instrument tlm'-kep-er,
for keeping n. aorclock, watc 1,lime:
marking or other
one
music : a thrust, in fencing. [Fr.L. tertius, the who keeps workmen's time.
thirdter, three timesires, three.] timely, tlmli, adj., in goodtime; sufficie idy early.
Tiger, ti'ger, n. a fierce animal of the cat kind. adv. early, soon.n. time'llnest,
fom.vJgm*. \Fv, tigre ; \utigro; L., Gr. tigris*]
tigerish, tiger-ish, adj., like a tiger in disposition. timeout, tim'e-us, adj., in good time; se Lsonable.
timeously, tim'e-us-li, adv., in good time.
Tight, Tighten. See under Tie. time-piece, tlm'-pes, . a Piece of mac linery for
Tigress,Tigerish. See under Tiger. keeping time, esp. a clock for a mante -piece.
Tile, til, ., a piece of baked clay used for covering time-server, tlm'-serv-er, n. , one who serv ts, or suits
roofs, floors, &c. : a tube of baked clay used in his opinions to, the times.
drains.v.t. to cover with tiles :>r.>. tll'ing; time-table, tlm'-ta-bl, ., a table or list si ewing the
pa.p, tiled'.. tiler. [A.S. tigel; Fr. tuile; time at which certain things are done.
L. teguialego, Sans, stkag, to cover.] time-worn, tlm'-worn, ft., worn or decayed by tissue.
tilery, til'cr-i, ., a place where tiles are made. Timid, tim'id, adj., fearful; wanting courage ;
tiling, tll'ing, ft. a roof of tiles ; tiles in general. faint-hearted. adv. tlm'idly.n. tlm 1 Inear [L.
Till, til, n, a money-box or drawer in a desk or timidustimeo, to fear.]
counter, [from .VS. tilian, to tell, count.] timidity, ti-mid'i-ti, ft., quality or stat.r of being
Till, til, prep, to the time of.adv. to the time timorous, timid; want of courage or boldness.
when: to the degree that. [A.S. tille, till, prob. cating fear.adv. tim'or-us, adj.,full offear; timid; indi
accusative of til, an end, limit.] tim'orously.. tlm orousness.
Till, til, v.t. lit. to work for an end or aim ; to cul Tin, tin, n. a silvery-white, non-elastic, malleable
tivate '.pr.p. till'ing ; pa.p. tilled'.*. tiU'er. metal.v.t. to cover or overlay with tin or tin
[A.S. tilian, to till///, an end, a limit.] foil '-Pr.p. tinning; pa.p. tinned'. (A.S.; Fr.
tillage, til'aj, n., act or practice of tilling; hus tinfoil,Main, old Fr. estain, L. stannum, stagnum, tin.]
bandry : a place tilled. tin'foil, ft., tin reduced to afoil or thin leaf.
Tiller, til'er, n., the handle or lever for turning a Tincture, tingk'tur, M., a tinge or shade of colour ; a
rudder, fprov. . tiller,tht hand of a spade ; acc. alight of any
taste added to anything : in med., a solution
substance in, or by means of spirit of
to Wedgwood, prob. from Dutch, tillen, to lift]
Tilt, tilt, n. the canvas covering of a cart or wagon ; wine.v.t. to tinge; to imbue ; to mix with any
an awning in a boat.v.t. to cover with an awn [L. tinctura, :-/r./.tinc'tiiring
thing foreign
from root of Tinge,j
-,pa.p. tinctured.
ing. [A.S. teldteldan, to cover.] tinctorial, tuigk-torVal , adj., giving a tinge or
Tilt, tilt, v.i. to ride against another and thrust containing colour ; colouring. %
with a lance : to thrust or fight with a lance or Tinder, tin'der, ft. anything used for kindling fire
rapier; to fall into a sloping posture.v.t. to from a spark. [A.S. tender, tynder. Ice. tundr;
point or thrust with, as a lance : to slant ; to raise
one end of: to forge with a tilt-hammer:pr.p. A.S. tendan, Ice. tendra, to kindle.]
tilting ; Pa.p. tilted.n. a thrust: in the middle Tine, tin, n. the tooth or spike of a fork or harrow,
ages, an exercise in which combatants rode &c. [A.S. tind, a prickle, tindas, a harrow;
against each other with lances : inclination for Ice. tindr,'a tooth, a prickle.]
ward-n. tilt'er. [A.S. tealtian, to totter, to lined, tind, adj.,furnished with tines or spikes.
tilt ; Ice. tdtt, a trotting, tolta, to trot.]
tilt-hammer, tilr'-ham-mer, . a heavy hammerused Tinge, tinj,See under
Tinfoil. Tin.
in ironworks, which is tilted or lifted by means thing : to giveto intintsome or colour ; to mix with some
degree the qualities of a
of projections on the axis of a wheel. substance '.pr.p. tinging ; Pa.p. tinged'.n. a
Timber, tim'ber, n. woodforbuildingpurposes ; the small amount of colour or taste infused into
trunk of a tree : material for any structure : one another substance. [L. tingo, tineturn, Gr.
of the larger pieces of the framework of a house, ttnggd, to wet, to stain.]
ship, &c.v.i. to furnish with timber or beams. Tingle, ting'gl, v.i., to tinkle or feel a thrilling sen
[A.S. timber, building, wood ; Ger. zimmer, an' sation, as in hearing a shrill sound ; to feel a
apartment, building; akin to L. domus, Gr. sharp, thrilling pain :Pr.p. tingling ; pa.p.
domos, a housedemS, to build.] tingled, [dim. of old . ling, a sharp sound,
Timbrel, tim'brel, n. a musical instrument some as of a little bell ; W. tincian, to tinkle, tingle.)
what like a tambourine. [Sp. timbal, It, titn- Tinker, tingk'er, . a mender of kettles, pans, &c
ballo, from root of labour.] in working with which a tinkling sound is made
Time, tlm, a piece cut off; a point at which or [Tink, to make a sharp, shrill sound ; Scot.
period dunng which things happen : a season ; tinklertinkle : also given = a worker in tin.]
an opportunity: absolute duration ; the duration tinkle, tingk'l, v.i. to make small sharp sounds ; to
of one's life ; allotted period : hour of travail : clink; to jingle: to hear small sharp sounds.
the state of things at any period, usually in pl.t v.t. to cause to make quick, sharpsounds :pr.p.
the history of the world, as opposed to eternity : tinkling ; pa.p. tink led.ft. a sharp clinking
addition of a thing to itself.v.t. to do at the pro- sound, [dim. of tink, a sharp, quick sound.]
fite, far ; mi, her; mine ; mote ; mute ; moon ; Men.
 Tinsel
TinI, tin'sel, n., something sparkling at shining;
a stuff for ornamental dresses consisting of cloth
overlaid with a thin coating of gold or silver :
anything showy ; anything having a false lustre.
adj. Tike tinsel; gaudy: superficial.v.t. to
adorn with or as with tinsel ; to make glittering or
gaudy :/>*./. tin'selling ; pa.p. tinselled. [Fr.
fthuelit, old Fr. estincelle, L. scintilla, a spark.]
Tint, tint, n. a slight tinge distinct from the principal
colour.v.t. to give a slight colouring to :
pr.p.ti'ni,
tint'ing
Tiny, adj. ;[comp.
Pa.p. tinted', [from root
tirnir, superI. of Tinge.]
tl nlest) thin ;
very small, [prob. a dim- of Thin, Dan. tynd.]
Tip, tip, the top or point of anything small : the
end.v.t. to form a point to ; to cover the tip or
end of:pr.p. tipping; fa.p. tipped'. [Dutch,
UP; Ger. sip/el, end, point: a dim. of Top.]
tlpto, tip'tO, ., the tip or end of the toe.
tippet, tip'et, n., the tip or cape of a coat.
Tipple, tipl, v.t. to drink in small quantities ; to
drink strong liquors often or habitually.v.t. to
drink, as strong liquors to excess :pr.p. tipp'-
ling ; pa.p. tipp led.n. tlpp'ler. [dim* of prov.
tip, to tilt up a vessel in drinking.]
tipsy, tip si, adj. affected by tippling; intoxicated.
--adv. tip'sily.. tip'siness.
Tiptoe. See under Tip.
Tirade, ti-rad\ n. words drawn out to a great length ;
a strain of censure or reproof. [Fr.tirtr, It.
tirare, L. trahere, to draw.]
Sn, tlr, . in B., a tiara or head-dress.
Tire, tlr, ., attire, apparel: furniture.v.t. in
B.f to dress, as the head, [a form of Attire. ]
Tire, tlr, n. the hoop of iron that ties or binds the
fellies of wheels, [from Tie.]
Tlr*, tlr, v.t., lit. to tear to pieces ; to harass, to
vex ; to exhaust the strength of ; to weary.
v.t. to become weary ; to be fatigued ; to have
patience exhausted :~pr.p. tlr'ing ; pa.p. tired'.
[A.S. tt'rian, to vex, from root of Tear.]
Una, tlrd, adj., wearied ; fatigued.n. tired'ness.
tiresome, tlr'sum, adj., that tires; fatiguing;
tedious. adv. tirVsomely.. tlrViomeness.
Tissue, tish'fl, n. lit. texture or that which is
woven ; cloth interwoven with gold or silver, or
with figured colours : in anat., the substance of
which organs are composed : a connected series.
vd. to form, as tissue ; to interweave ; to varie
gate :~pr.p. tissuing; pa.p. tiss'Qed. [Fr. tissu,
properly pa.p. of tisserL. texere, to weave.]
Titan, tfian. Titanic, tT-tan'ik, adj., relating to the
Titans giants of mythology ; enormous in size or
strength.
Tithe, t\th, n., a tenth part : the of the produce
of land and stock allotted to the clergy.v.t. to
tax to a '-pf-P- tlth'ing ; pa.p. tithed'. [A.S.
Uotha ; Ger. sehnte, zehn, ten. See Ten.]
titter, tlM'er, n., one who collects tithes.
tithing, tlM'ing, . an old Saxon district containing
ten families, each of which was responsible for
the behaviour of the rest.
Titillate, tit'il-lat, v.t., to tickle :pr.p. titillating;
pa.p. titillated. [L. tititlo, titillatum.\
titlilation, tit-il-la'shun, n., act oftitillating; state
of being titillated : a pleasant feeling.
Titlark, titlark, n. lit. a little lark; a singing bird
with a greenish back and head, found in marshes
and moors, [obs. E. tit, Ice. tita, anything
small, and lark.]
Title, tftl, ., an inscription set over or at the be-
fite, far ; mi, her ; mine ;
Toddy
ginning of a thing by which it is known : a name
of distinction : that which gives a just right to
possession ; the writing that proves a right : in
., a sign.v.t. to name '.pr.p. tl'tling ; pa.p.
tl'tled. [L. titulus.]
titled, tftld, adj., having a title.
title-deed, tftl-dfid, a deed or document that
proves a title or just right to exclusive possession.
title-page, tl'tl-paj, . the Page of a book containing
its title and usually the author's name.
titular, tit'Q-lar, adj., existingin name or title only;
nominal : having the title without the duties of
an office. adv. tlt'olarly.
titulary, tii'Q-lar-i, adj., consisting in, or pertaining
to a title.n. one having the title of an office
whether he performs its duties or not.
Titling, titling, n. lit. the small bird; the hedge-
sparrow, [from obs. . tit, anything small.]
titmouse, tit'mous, n. lit. the small sparrow; a
genus of little birds, which feed on insects, &c :
in /.'. titmice, tit'mis. {tit, and Dutch, tuosscke,
a sparrow, Ger. meise, a small bird.J
tittle, tit'l, n.,a smallparticle ; an iota. [dim. of tit.]
tittle tattle, tir/l-tat 1, n. idle, empty talk, [from
the sound-]
Titter, titer, v.t. to laugh with the tongue striking
the teeth : to laugh, restrained!y '.pr.p. titter
ing ; Pa.p. titr/ered.n. a restrained laugh,
[from the sound.]
Titular, &c See under Title.
To, t50, Pref. in the direction of; in order to;
as far as ; in accordance with : sign of the infini
tive mood: in B., sometimes for. [AS. ; Ger.
aw; Ir. and Gael, do; L. ad; Sans. adhi.\
Toad, tOd, n. an amphibious reptile, like the frog,
which swells out on being alarmed, [A.S. tade,
Dan. tudselce. tulna, to swell.]
tood-itool, tOd'-stOol, n. a poisonous kind of mush
room, so called from its stool-like shape and from
growing in marshy places inhabited by the toad.
Toast, tOst, v.t., to dry and scorch at the fire :
Pr.P. toasting ; Pa.p. toast'ed.n. bread toasted ;
a slice of such dipped in liquor, [old Fr. taster;
L. torreo, tostum. Sec Torrid.]
toaster, tostcr, *., one who, or that which toasts.
Toast, tOst, v.t. to name when a health is drunk;
to drink to the health oi ;/>-./. toasting ; pa.p.
toasted.n. one whose health is drunk, [from the
toasted bread formerly put in liquor; but acc. to
Wedgwood, a corr. of stoss an / knock (glasses),
the German cry in pledging each other.]
toast-master, tost'-mas-ter, n. the master and an
nouncer of toasts at public dinners.
Tobscco, to-bak'O, n. a narcotic plant, a native of
America, whose dried leaves are used for smok
ing, chewing, and in snuff. [Sp. tabaco ,- Indian,
tabaco, the pipe in which it was smoked.]
tobacconist, to-bak'o-nist, . , one who sells, or manu
factures tobacco.
tobacco-pipe, to-bak'o-pTp, n. a pipe used for smok
ing tobacco, usually made of clay.
Tocsin, tok'sin, n. lit. that which is struck to give a
signal or alarm ; an alarm-bell, or the ringing of
it. [Fr. ; old Fr. toquer, Fr. toucher, to touch,
and a in, It. segno, a bell, L. signum, a sign.]
To-day, t-vi-fLV, this or the present day. [To, a
corr. of the or this and Day.]
Toddy, tod'i, n. the fermented juice of various palms
of the East Indies : a mixture of whisky, sugar,
and hot water, [an East Indian word. J
mOte ; mute ; mOOn ; then.
 Toe
Toe, to, h. lit one of the pointers ofthe foot; one
of the five small members at the point of the foot ;
the corresponding member of a beast's foot:
the front of an animal's hoof. [AS. and Ice.
ta ; Dutch, teen, toe, a twig ; L. digitus, Gr.
daktylos, a finger, a toeroot die, to point]
toed, tod, adj., having toes.
Toga, tO'ga( n. lit. a covering; the mantle of a
Roman citizen. [L.tego, to cover.]
togated, tO'gat-cd, toged, tOgd, adj., dressed in a
toga or gown. [L. togatustoga.]
Together, too-geM'er, adv., gathered to one place ;
in the same place, time, or company : in or into
union ; in concert [A.S. togadre, togadereto,
to, and gaderian, to gather. Sec Gather.]
Toll, toil, n. lit. a web; a net or snare. [Fr. toile,
cloth ; L. tela, from texo, to weave.]
toilet, toilette, toil'et, n.^ the small cloth over a
dressing-table ; a dressing-table : mode or opera
tion of dressing. [Fr. toilette, dim. of toile.]
Toil, toil, v.i. lit to till; to labour; to work with
fatigue :Pr.p. toiling ; Pa.p. toiled'.n. labour,
esp. of a fatiguing kind-. toiler, [same as
Till, v.t.]
toilsome, toil'sum, adj., full of toil or fatigue;
wearisome.adv. toilsomely.n. toU'someneu.
Tokay, tu-kii', n. a white wine with an aromatic
taste, produced at Tokay in Hungary.
Token, tolcn, ., a mark; something representing
another thing or event ; a sign ; a memorial of
friendship ; a coin issued by a private person or
civic authority redeemable in current money.
[A.S. tacon ; Ger. zeichen, a mark; akin to Gr.
deiknumi, L. doceo, to show.]
Told, pa.t. and pa.p. of Tell.
Tolerate, tol'cr-at, v.t., to bear: to endure; to
allow by not hindering :Pr.p. tol'erating ; Pa.p.
tolerated. [L. tolero, -atum, from tol, root of
tollo, to lift up ; Sans, tul; Scot, thole.]
tolerable, tol'r-a-bl, adj., that may be tolerated or
endured: moderately good or agreeable: not
contemptible.adv. tolerably.n. tol'er&blenesi.
tolerance, tolcr-ans, n. the tolerating or enduring
of offensive persons or opinions.
tolerant, toler-ant, adj., tolerating; enduring ;
indulgent ; favouring toleration.
toleration, tol-er-5'shun, ., act of tolerating; al
lowance of what is not approved : liberty to
teach religious opinions different from those of
the Established Church.
Toll, till, ., a tax for the liberty of passing over a
bridge or road, selling goods in a market, &c.
[A.S. ; Dutch, tol; Ger. zoll; L. telonium, Gr.
teldnion, a toll-booth, from telos, a tax.]
toll-bar, tol'-bar, n. a movable bar across a road, &c.
to stop passengers liable to toll.
toll-bridge, toT-brij, . a bridge where toll is taken.
toll-gate, tCl'-gat, . a gate where toll is taken.
toll-home, tol'-hous, n. the house of a fW/-gatherer.
Toll, tol, v.i. to sound, as a large bell.v.t. to
cause to sound, as a bell ; to strike, or signal by
striking :~pr.p. tolling; pa.p. tolled'.n. the
sound of a bell when tolling, [from the sound. ]
Tomahawk, tom'a-hawk, n. a light war-hatchet of
the N. American Indians.v.t. to cut or kill
with a tomahawk 'Pr-P- tom'ahawking ; pa.p.
tom'ahawked. [Indian, tomekagen, tamoihecan.]
Tomb, tOOm, n. lit. the place where a dead body is
burnt: a pit or vault in the earth, in which a
dead body is placed : a tombstone. [Fr. tombe;
file, far ; me, her ; mine ;
5*4
Took
Gr. tumbos tuphd, to smoke, consume in
smoke, Sans, dh/tp, to fill with smoke.]
tombleu, toOm'les, adj., without a tomb.
tombetone, toom'stCn, n. a stone erected OYer a
tomb to preserve the memory of the dead.
Tomcat, tomTcat, ., a male cat, esp. when full
grown. [Tom, a common male name like Jack,
and Cat.]
Tome, tOm, , lit a piece cut off; part of a book :
a volume of a large work ; a book. [Fr. ; I*.
tomus; Gr. tomostemnd, to cut.]
To-morrow, too-mor'rfl, n. the morrow after this.
[To, a corr. of the or this, and Morrow.]
Tomtit, tom'tit, n. the titmouse. [ Torn, a common
name like Jack, and Tit, as in Titmouse.]
Ton, tun, . lit a barrel, hence a barrel-full ; ao cwt.
or 3240 lbs. avoir. [AS. tunne, a vat tub ; Ger.
tonne, old Ger. innna, cask.]
tonnage, tun'aj, n. the weight in tons of goods in a
ship ; the cubical content of a ship ; a duty on
ships, estimated per ton:
Tone, tOn, n. lit. the sound from a stretched string;
the character of a sound : quality of the voice:
the prevailing colour of a painting : character
or style; state of mind; mood : a healthy state
of the body.v.t. to utter with an affected tone ;
to intone :pr.p. tOn'ing \Pa.p. tOned'. [L. tonus,
Gr. tonos, a soundteind, to stretch.]
toned, tOnd, adj., having a tone (in compounds).
tonic, ton'ik, adj., relating to tones or sounds; in
med., giving tone and vigour to the system;
giving or increasing strength.n. a medicine
which gives vigour of action and strength to the
system. [Fr. toniqueL. tonus.]
Tongs, tongr, n.sing. a domestic instrument, con
sisting of two jointed tongues or tangs of metal,
used for lifting.[A.S.tange, Ice.taung,Ger.xange.]
Tongue, tung, n. lit that which licks; the fleshy
organ in the mouth, used in tasting, swallowing,
and speech : power of speech ; manner of speak
ing : speech ; discourse : a language : anything
like a tongue in shape; the catch of a buckle;
the pointer ofa balance ; a point of land. [A.S.
tunge, Ice. tunga, Ger. xunge, the tongue; L.
lingua, old form dingua, from root of Lick.]
tongued, tungd, adj. , having a tongue.
tonguelest, tung'les, adj., having no tongue: mute.
tongue-tied, tung'-tid, adj. having an impediment,
as ifthe tongue were tied; unable to speak freely.
Tonic. Sec under Tone.
To-night, tOo-nTt', *. lit. this night ; the night after
the present day.
Tonnage. See under Ton.
Tonsil, ton'sil, n. one of two glands at the root of
the tongue, so named from its shape. [L. tonsitla,
a stake, dim. of tonsa, an oar.]
Tensile, ton'sil, adj., that may be clipped. [L.
tonsilistondeo, tonsum, to clip, to shear.]
tonsure, ton'shoOr, act of clipping the hair, or
of shaving the head : in R. C. Church, the first
ceremony in dedicating a person to the priest
hood ; the corona worn by priests as a mark of
their order. [L. tonsuratondeo.]
Tontine, ton'ten, n. a financial scheme, the gain
from which falls to the longest liver or livers, so
called from Tonli, a Neapolitan, its inventor.
Too, tOO, adv. lit added to ; over ; more than enough:
likewise. [AS. to, Ger. dasu; a form ofTo.]
Took, took, pad. and obs. pa.p. of Take.
mote; mate; moon; then.
 Tool Tortile
Tool, tiTuI, n. lit. tltat -which is used in toil; an in a large candle or flambeau. [Fr. torelie, It.
strument used by workmen : one who acts as torciatorcere, L. torqueo, torlum, to twist.]
the mere instrument of another. [A.S. toltil, Tore, tOr, past tense of Tear.
fit ; akin to Toll and Till.] Torment, torment, n. lit. twisting pain; torture;
Tooth, ttSBth, . {pi. teeth.) lit. one of the small anguish : that which causes pain or misery. [L.
tormentutntorqueo, to twist.]
bones in the jaws, used in eating: the palate : torment, tor-menr*, v.t., to torture; to put to ex
anything toothlikc ; a prong; one of the projec treme pain ; to distress ; to afflict :pr.p. tor-
tions on a saw or wheel.v.t. to furnish with roent'ing
teeth : to cut into teeth :Pr.p. tooth'ing ; Pa.p. tormentlngly,; Pa.p. torment'ed.n. torment'er.
tor-menting-li, adv., in a tormenting
toothed (tootht'J. [A.S. toth, W. dant, Goth.
tunthus, L. dens, den/is, Gr. odous, odontos, ; tor-ment*or, one who, or that which
Sans, danta, dant, prob. the part, of ad, to eat.] torments ; in B.t a torturer, an executioner.
toothache, troth'uk, n. an ache or pain in a tooth.
toothed, t5Dtht, adj., having teeth : in dot., having Torn, tOm, pastparticiple of Tear : in B., stolen.
toothlike projections on the edge, as a leaf, Tornado, tor-na'do, n. lit. a turning or whirling ;
toothless, troth les, adj., having no teeth. a violent hurricane, frequent in tropical coun
tooth-pick, troth'-pik, n, an instrument for picking tries. [Sp.tomar, low L. tornare, to turn,
out anything in the teeth. from root of Turn.]
Top, top, . the highest part of anything ; the Torpedo, tor-pe'do, n. a species of eel having the
upper end or surface : the upper part of a plant : power of giving an electric shock when touched
the crown of the head : the highest place or rank : so as to produce torpor or numbness, the cramp-
the chief or highest person : naut., a small plat fish. [L. torpedotorfeo, to be stiff".]
form at the head of the lower mast.v.t. to cover torpescent, tor-pes'ent, adj., becoming torpid or
on the top; to tip: to rise above; to surpass; numb.. torpeee'ence. [L. lorpescens, -entis,
to rise to the top of : to take off the top of.v.u pr.p. of torpescotorpeo, to be stiff*.]
to rise aloft ; to excel :pr.p. topp'ing : pa.p. top torpid, tor'pid, adj., stiff, numb', having lost the
ped'. [A.S. top, Ger. topp, Ice. toppr,W. top, tob.] power of motion and feeling : sluggish.adv.
top-dressing, top'-drcs-ing, ., a dressing of manure tor pidly. . tor'pidness. [L. torpidustorpeo.]
laid on the top or surface of land, torpidity, tor-pid'i-ti, torpitude, tor'pi-tud, n., state
top-gallant, top'-gal-ant, adj. above the topmast of being torpid; numbness: dulness; stupidity,
and belowtop'-hev'i,
the royaladj.
mast, torpor, tor'por, ., torpidity or numbness; inactiv
top-heavy, having the top or upper ity: dulness; stupidity. [L.torpeo.]
part too heavy for the lower,
topmast, top'mast, n. the second mast or that Torrefy, tor'e-fT, v.t., to make dry; to scorch;
to parch :Pr.p. torrefying ; Pa.p. torrefied.
immediately above the lower mast, [L. torreo, to dry, facio, to make.]
topmost, top'mOst, adj., next the top; highest, torrefactlon, tor-c-fak'shun, act oftorrefying:
topple, top 1, v.t. to throw down from the top. state of being torrefied,
v.i. to fall down ; to pitch or tumble down : torrent, tor'ent, a boiling, rushing stream ; a
pr.p. topp'Iing ; pa.p. topp'led. strong or turbulent current, [L. torrens, -entis,
top-sail, top'-sal, ., a sail across the topmast. boilingpr.p. of torreo, to dry, to burn.]
topsyturvy, top'si-tur-vi, adv., topside the other torrid, tor'id, adj., burning or parching ; violently
way ; bottom upwards. hot : dried with heat.n. torrldneas. [L. tor*
Top, top, n. a child's toy, shaped like a pear, and ridustorreo, to burn, parch.]
set or kept whirling round by means of a string Torsion, tor'shun, ., act of twisting or turning; a
or a whip. [Dutch, top, Ger. top/.] body : the force with which a thread or wire
Topaz, tO'paz, n. a precious stone having brilliant tends to return when twisted. [L. torsiotor
colours, generally yellowish. [Gr. topazos; prob. queo, tortum, to twist.]
from Sans, tap, to burn, tapa, to light.] tortile, tor'tll. adj., twisted ; wreathed ; coiled,
Top dressing, &c. See under Top. tortoise, t'lr'tis, n. a reptile from which the head,
Top-gallant, Top-heavy, &c. See under Top. ' neck, tail, and limbs protrude, so called either
Topic, top'ik, . lit. a place or part of a discourse; from its crooked feet or winding motion, [old
Fr., from tortis, L. tortus, twisted.]
a subject of discourse or argument ; a matter. tortoise shell, tor'tis-shel, . the shell of a species
[Gr. ta topika, the general principles of argu of turtle-turtles being formerly confounded
menttopos, a place.] with tortoises.
topical, top'ik-al, adj., pertaining to a place; tortuose, tor'tQ-Or, adj. , twisted; wreathed ; wind
local: relating to a topic. [Gr. topikos.] ing. [L. lortuosus.]
topically, top'i-kal-i, adv. with reference to a parti tortuous, tor'tQ-us, adj., twisted, winding ; fig. de
cular place or topic. ceitful.adv. tor'tnoualy.n. tor'tuousnessL
Topmast, Topmost Sec under Top. tortuosity, tor-tQ-os'i-ti, ., state ofbeing tortuous.
Topography, to-pogVaf-i, ., the description of a torture, tor'tur, n. lit. twisting pain ; a putting to
place ; the art of describing places. [Gr. topo- the rack or severe pain to extort a confession, or
as a punishment ; extreme pain ; anguish of body
graphiatopos, a place, graphs, to describe.]
topographer, to-pogVaf-er, one who describes a or mind.v.t. to put to torture or to the rack ;
to put to extreme pain : to annoy ; to vex :pr.p.
place, &c. ; one skilled in topography,
topographic, top-o-graf'ik, topographical, top-o-graf'- torturing : pa.p. tortured. tor'turer. [L.
ik-al, adj.,pertaining to topography ; descriptive toriuratorqueo.]
of a place. adv. topographically. Torso, tor'sO, n. lit. a stalk, stem ; the trunk of a
Topple, Top-sail, Topsyturvy. Sec under Top. statue without head or limbs. [It. ; from L.
Torch, torch, . a light formed of twisted tow Tortile, thyrsus, Gr. thyrsos.]
dipped in pitch or other inflammable material ; Tortoise, Tortuous, Torture. See underTorsion.
late, far ; me, her ; mine ; mOtc ; mute ; mOOn ; Men. 525
 Tory Trace
Tory, tfl*ri, n. lit. a robber; applied to a Conserva water with a rope 'pr.p. toVing; pa.p. HHred'.
tive in English politics, [from toree, 'give me,'
used by the Irish banditti when robbing, I n. orig. a rope for towing with ; the coarse
part of flax or hemp.
and applied in 1670 to the opponents of the bill akin to L. duco, to lead. See Tug.] [A.S. teohan, teogan ;
for the exclusion of the Duke of York from the towage, tij'aj, act 0/towing', money for towing,
succession.]
Toryism, tffri-izm, theprinciples ofthe Tories. tow-boat, tO'-bflt, n. a boat that is towed, or one
used for towing other vessels.
Tom, tos, v.t., to jerk; to throw up suddenly or tow-Una, tO'-lIn, n. a line used in towing.
violently : to cause to rise and fall : to nuke rest Toward, to'ard, Towards, tfi'ardz, prep. , bending: to ;
less ; to agitate.v.i. to be tossed ; to be in vio in the direction of; with a tendency to.adv.
lent commotion ; to tumble about ; to fling : nearly; in a state of preparation. [A.S.to,
Pr.p. toss'ing; Pa.p. tossed'.n. act of throwing to, and ward, signifying direction.]
upward ; a throwing up of the head.n. tow'er. toward, to .in.!, towardly, tO'ard-li, adj. ready to do
[W. tosiaw; tos, a quick jerk; Ger. stossen, to or learn; apt.rts. towardne&s, to/wardUneaa,
throw or thrust.] Tow-boat. See under Tow.
toft, tost, a form of tossed, fn p. of Ton.
Totid, total, adj., whole; complete; undivided. Towel, tow'el, n. a cloth for wiping the skin after it
n. the whole ; the entire amount.adv. to'tally. isAS. washed, and for other purposes. [Fr. tonatfle;
thwean. Goth, twahan, to wash.J
[Fr. ; low L. totalisL. totus, whole.]
totality, to-tal'i-ti, ., the whole sum or amount. towelling, tow'cl-ing, n. clothfor towels.
Totter, tot'er, v.t'., to shake, as if about to fall; to Tower, tower, n. a lofty building, standing alone
be unsteady; to stagger; to shake pr.p. tott'- rise into thepart
or forming of another ; a fortress.v.i, to
air ; to be lofty :pr.p. tow*ering ;
ering ; pa.p. tott'ered,n. tott'erer. [akin to pa.p. tow'cred. [A.S. and Gael, torr, a high hut,
A.S. tealtrian, Dutch, touteren, to shake, rock.]
Touch, tuch, v.t. lit to take hold of ; to come in aakin tower : Gael, torr, to heap up : W. twr, a tower ;
to Fr. tour, L. turris, a tower.]
contact with : to perceive by feeling : to reach : towered, tow'erd, adj. , having towers,
to relate to : to handle or treat gently or slightly : towering. tow*er-ing, adj., very high; elevated.
to move or soften : to influence : in B., to afflict. towery, toVer-i, adj., having towers : lofty.
v.t. to be in contact with : to speak of anything Tow-line. See under Tow.
lightly :pr.p. touch'ing ; pa.p. touched'.n.
act of touching : a movement on a musical in Town, town, n. lit. a Place hedged in ; orig. a
number of houses walled in ; a place larger than
strument : sense of feeling : an affection or emo
tion : a little : in music, resistance of the keys of [A.S., Ice.not
a village, a city: the inhabitants of a town.
/, an enclosure, town; A.S. tynan,
an instrument to the fingers. [Fr. toucher; It. to hedge in; Ger. zaun, a hedge.]
toccare; akin to Goth, tekan, L. tango, Gr. town-clerk, town'-klark, n. a clerk who keeps the
thinggani, to touch, and to Take. ] records of a town, and enters all its official pro
touching, tuch'ing, adj. affecting ; moving ; pathetic. ceedings.
prep, concerning ; with regard to.adv. town-crler, town'-krl-er, n., one who cries or makes
touch ingly. public proclamations in a town.
touch needle, tuch'-ne'-dl, n. a small bar or needle town-hall, town'-hawl, n. a public hall for the
of gold for testing articles of the same metal by official business of a town.
comparing the streaks they make on a touch- town-house, town'-hous, ., a house or building for
stone with those made by the needle.
touch-atone, tuch'-ston, n. a kind of compact basalt house in town aspublic
transacting the
opposed
business of a town: a
to one in the country.
or stone for testing gold or silver by the streak or townsfolk, townz'fok, thefolk or people ofa town.
touch made upon it ; any test.
touch-wood, tuch'-wood, n. decayed wood requiring a town : the corporation of a town.or district of
township, town'ship, the territory
only to be touched by fire to burn.
Tough, tuf, adj., that may be tugged or pulled townsman, townsman, ., an inhabitant, or fellow-
inhabitant ofa town. [Town, and Mm.]
without breaking ; not easily broken ; firm ; town-talk,
strong; stiff: sticky; tenacious: able to endure town ; thetown'-tawk, n. the general talk of a
hardship.adv. tooghly.n. toughness. [A.S. Toxicology, subject of common conversation.
toh; Ger. zdhe: A.S. teon, Ger. zieken, to pull; poison for arrows; the n.science
toks-i-kol'o-ji, lit. an account of
which investi
conn, with Tug.] gates poisons. [Gr. ioxikon, arrow-poison
toughen, tuf'n, v.t. or v.i., to make or become toxikos, for the bowtoxon, a bow, legos, dis
tough :pr.p. tough'ening ; pa.p. tough'ened. course.]n. toxicol ogist, oneversedin toxicology.
toughish, tuf'Uh, adj., rather tough. toxicologic*!, toks-i-ko-loj'ik-al, adj., pertaining to
Tour, tOBr, n. lit. a turn or circle : a going round ; toxicology.
a journey in a circuit ; a ramble. [Fr. ; L. and Toy, toy, n. a child's plaything : a trifle : a thing
Gr. tomos, a turn.] only for amusement or look : a matter of no
tourist, i.,~r ist, n., one -who makes a tour.
tournament, tGoVna-ment, tourney, tGoVni, n. a importance ously
: sport.v.i. to trifle : to dally amor
'-pr.p. toy'ing; Pa.p. toyed'. [Dan.
mock fight in which combatants, generally on Sw. tyg,
horseback, fought to shew their skill in arms, so toyish, to/ish, Ger. low tag, implements.]
adj., given to toying or trifling;
called probably from the rapid turning of their playful : wanton.adv. toy'lshly.n. toylinnets.
horses, [old Fr. toumiement. It. tomeamento ; Trace, trSs, n. lit. a track left by drawing along ;
Fr. tonmoi, from tournoyer, I* tomo, to turn.]
tourniquet, tGor'ni-ket, n. a bandage which is a vehicle is drawn.v.t. to the
a mark left : footprint :pi. straps by which
follow by tracks or
tightened by turning a screw to check a flow of footsteps : to follow with exactness : to sketch :
blood. [Fr.tourner, L. tomo, to turn.]
Tow, to, v.t., to tug or Pull a vessel through the Pr.p. trac'ing : Pa.p. traced'.n. trac'tr. [Fr.
L. iraho, iractum, to draw.] See Drag, Draw.
fate, far ; me, her ; mine ; mfite ; mate ; moon ; Men.
 traceable
UMWMl, tras'a-bl, adj., that may be traced.n.
trace'ableness.adv. trace ably.
tracery, tras'er-i, n. ornamentation traced in flow
ing outline : certain ornamental stonework.
tracing, traVing, n. , act of one who traces : act of
copying by marking on thin paper the lines of a
pattern placed beneath ; the copy so produced.
track, trak, n. that which is traced', a mark left ;
footprint : a beaten path : course.v.t. to follow
by marks or footsteps : to tow :pr.p. tracking ;
pa-P- tracked'.
trackless, trakles, adj., without a truck; un
trodden.
track-road, trak'-rOd, n. , a drawingor towing road.
tract, trakt, n., something drawn out or extended:
continued duration : a region : a short treatise.
tractable, trakt'a-bl, adj., easily drawn, managed,
or taught ; docile.n. tract ablenea*.-adv. tract
ably. [L. tractabilistracto, fre<j. of traho.]
tractablllty, trakt-a-bil'it-i, n., quality or state of
being tractable ; docility.
Tractarlan, trakt-aYi-an, n. one of the writers of the
Oxford Tracts in favour of Fuseyism.n. Tract-
ar'ianlfm.
tractile, trakt/il, adj., that may be drawn out.
traction, trak'shun, ft., act ofdrawing or state of
being drawn.
tractive, trakt'iv, adj., that draws or pulls.
tractor, trakt'or, n. , that which draws.
Trachea, tra-ke'a, n. the windpipe or tube which
conveys air to the lungs, so called from its rough
ness, it being formed of rings of gristle. [L.
trachia; Gr. trachys, tracheta, rough.]
tracheal, tra-kfi'al, adj., pertaining to the trachea.
Tracing ; Track, &c. ; Tract, &c. See under Trace.
Trade, trad, . lit. a trodden way : a way of life ;
occupation : buying and selling : commerce : men
engaged in the same occupation.v.i. to buy
ana sell : to act merely for money.v.t. to traffic
with:pr.p. trid'ing; Pa.p. trad'ed.n. trader.
[A.S. treed tredan, Ice. troda, to tread.]
tradesman, tradz'tnan, a man who trades: a
mechanic \fem. tradeswoman.
trades-union, trudz'-un-yun, n.,a union among those
of the same trade to maintain their rights.
trade winda, trad'-windz, *., winds in and near the
torrid zone which hold a certain trade or course
throughout the year.
Tradition, tra-dish'un, a giving over: the hand
ing down of opinions or practices to posterity
unwritten. [L. traditiotrans, over, do, to
give]
traditional, tra-dish'un-nl, traditionary, tra-dish'un-
ar-t, adj., delivered by tradition.-advs. tradi
tionally, tradi'tionarUy.
traditionirt, tra-dish'un-ist, one who ad/teres to
tradition.
Traduce, tra-dus*, v.t. lit. to leadacross * to defame :
fr.p. tradQc'ing ; Pa.p. traduced'.n* tradu'eer.
[L. trans, across, duco, to lead.]
Traffic, trafik, n. lit trade done beyond seas ; com
merce : the business done on a railway, &c.
v.i. to trade ; to trade meanly.v.t. to exchange :
pr.p. trafficking ; pa.p. trafficked.n. traif-
Scftar. [It. trajficare: low L. traffigartperh.
from trans, beyond, and/ado, to do. ]
Tragedy, traj'e-di. n. a species of drama in which
the action and language are elevated, and the
catastrophe sad, so called either from the old
dramas being exhibited when a goat was sacri
ficed, or from a goat being the prize, or because
file, far ; me", her; mine;
Tranquil
the actors were dressed ingoa/-skins : any mourn
ful and dreadful event. [L. tragoedia ; Gr. tra-
gddiatragos, a he-goat, aotdos, odos, a singe?
aeidd, add, to sing.]
tragedian, tra-jC'di-an, n., an actor oftragedy.
tragic, traj'ik, tragical, traj'ik-al, adj., pertaining
to tragedy : sorrowful ; calamitous.-adv. tragic
ally. . trag'lcalnea.
tragi comedy, traj-i-kom'e-di, n. a composition par
taking of the nature ofboth tragedy and comedy.
tragi-comic, traj-i-kom'ik, tragi-comical, traj-i-kom'-
ik-al, adj., pertaining to tragicomedy.-adv.
tragi-com'ically.
Trail, tral, v.t., to draw along the ground : to hunt
by tracking.v.i. to be drawn out in length:
Pr.p. trail'ing ; pa.p. trailed'.. anything drawn
out in length : track followed by the hunter.
[Fr. tirailter, to drag; Dutch, treylen, to draw
a ship with a rope ; akin to L. traho, to draw.]
Train, trfin, v.t., to draw along: to allure: to
educate ; todiscipline : to tame for use, asanimals :
to cause to grow properly '.pr.p. train'ing ; pa.p.
trained'.n, that which is drawn along after
something else : the part of a dress which trails
behind the wearer : a retinue : a series : process :
a line of gunpowder to fire a charge : a line of
carriages on a railroad.n. trainer. [Fr. trainer;
low L. trahinoL. traha, a dragtraho, to
draw.]
train-band, tran'-band, a band of men trained
to bear arms though not regular soldiers.
train-bearer, trfin'-bar-er, n., one who bears or holds
up a train, as of a robe or gown.
train-oil, tran'-oil, n., oil drawn from the fat of
whales by boiling.
Trait, tra or trat, a drawing: touch : a
feature. [Fr.L. traho, tractum, to draw.]
Traitor, tra'tur, n., one who betrays; one guilty of
treason : a deceiver.-fern, traitress. [Fr. traitre
L. traditortrado, to give up.)
traitorous, tra'tur-us, adj., like a traitor; perfidi
ous : partaking of treason. adv. traitorously.
traitress, trit'res, n.,fem. of Traitor.
Trajectory, tra-jekt'or-i, . the curve which a body
describes when projected, [from L. trajicio,
-jectumtrans, across, jaa'o, to throw.]
Trammel, tram'el, n., a web; a net: shackles for
making a horse amble : anything that confines.
-^-v.t. to shackle ; to confine :pr.p. trammell
ing ; Pa.p. tramm'elled. [ Fr. tramail, a drag
net, dim. of L. trama, the woof of a web, prob.
from traho, to drag.]
Tramontane, tra-mon'tan, adj. lit. beyond the moun
tains (orig. the Alps), from Rome ; foreign : un
civilised. [L. trans, beyond, mons, mantis, a
mountain.]
Tramp, tramp, v.i. to tread :pr.p. tramp'ing ;
Pa.p. tramped'.n. a foot journey : a vagrant.
[Ger. trampen, to tread : from the sound.]
trample, tramp7!, v. t. , to tramp or tread under foot :
to treat with pride, to insult.v.i. to tread in
contempt ; to tread forcibly and rapidly '.pr.p*
tramp'ling; Pa.p. tramp'led. n. tramp'lar.
Tram-road, tram'-rOd, Tram-way, tram'-wl, ., a\
road or way for trams or wagons to run along
easily, [prov. . tram, a wagon, Koad, Way.]
Trance, trans, n. a state in which the soul appears
to go beyond or out of the body, or to be rapt in
visions : catalepsy. [L. transitus^A going beyond
trans, beyond, and eo, itum. Sans, i, to go.]
Tranquil, trang'kwil, adj., quiet; peaceful.adv.
mote ; mate ; mOOn ; Men.
 tranquillise transmissible
tran'qnlUy. [L. tranquillus, perh. from trans, Transform, trans-form', v.t., to change the farm of;
intccs. and root of guiesco, to keep quiet.J to change into another substance ; to change the
tranquillise, trangTcwil-Iz, v.i., to make tranquil : disposition.v.i. to be changed in form or sub
pr.p. tranquilITs'ing ; fa.p. tranquilllsed'. stance. [L. trans, across, and Form.]
tranquillity, trang-kwil'it-i, taanqullnMs, trangTcwil- transformation, trans~for-ma'shun, n., the act cj
nes, ., state ofbeing tranquil; quietness. transforming; change of form, or substance.
Transact, trans-akt, v.t., to carry through or Transfuse, trans-fuY, v.t., to Pour out into another
manage ; to perform.v.i. to manage anything. vessel to cause
; to cause to pass from one to another ;
to be imbibed.n. transfusion. [L.
n. transactor. [L. trans, through, and ago, trans, over, andfundo,fusum, to pour.]
actum, to carry on.]
transaction, trans-ak'shun, n., act of transacting; pass beyond a limit ; v.t.
Transgress, trans-gres/, lit. to step across; to
to break, as a law.v.i. to
management of any affair : an aflair.
Tram-Alpine, trans-alp'in, adj., beyond the Alps, (L. trans, across, gradt'or,; gressus,
sin :Pr.p. transgressing pa.p. transgressed'.
to step.]
from Rome. [L. transalpinustrans, beyond, transgression, trans-grcsh'un. ., the act of trans
and Alpinus, of the Alps.]
Transatlantic, trans-at-lan'tik, adj., beyond the gressing; fence ; fault
violation of a law or command; of
; crime : sin.
A tlantic ocean.
Transcend, tran-send', v.t. lit toclimbbeyond; to rise transgressor, trans-gres'or, ., onewho transgresses;
one who violates a law or command ; a sinner.
above ; to surmount ; to surpass ; to exceed : Tranship. See Trans-ship.
Pr.p. transcend'ing ; pa.p. transcend'ed. [L. Transient, tran'shent, adj. lit. goingacross; passing ;
transcendotrans, beyond, scando, to climb.] of short duration; not lasting; momentary.
transcendent, tran-send'ent, adj., transcending; adv.
superior or supreme in excellence ; surpassing trans, across, and tran'slentness.
tran'siently.n.
eo, itum, to go. ]
[L. transient
others ; beyond human knowledgeadv. tran- transit, trans'it, n. Ut. a going across; a passing
scend'ently.n. transcend'ence. over; conveyance: in astr., the passage of a
transcendental, tran-send-ent'al, adj. , transcend
ing; super-eminent, surpassing others : that heavenly body over the meridian of a place ; the
passage of a planet over the sun's disc.
goes beyond the limits of experience but not of transition, trau-sizh'un, . lit. a going across;
knowledge ; vague.adv. transcendent'ally. passage from one place, or state, to another;
transcendentalism, tran-scnd-ent/al-izm, ., the tran change : in music, a change of key. adj. transi
scending orgoing beyond the fundamental prin
ciples of human Knowledge without reference to transitive, trans'i-tiv,oradj.
tional, containing denoting transition.
lit. going across ; passing
actual experience ; that which is vague and illus over ; having the power of passing : ingram., de
ive in philosophy.n. transcendent'alist. noting a verb which has an object.adv. trans'-
Transcribe, tran-skrib', v.t, to "write over from one ltively.n. trans'itIrenes*. [L. transitions.]
book into another ; to copy :/**./. transcrlb'ing ;
Pa.p. transcribed'.n. transcrib'er. [L. tran transitory, trans'i-tor-i, adj., goingor passing away ;
scribe, -scripturntrans, over, scribo, to write.] adv. transitorily.n. trans'ltorlnesa. vanishing.
lasting for a short time ; speedily
transcript, tran'skript, ., that which is tran Translate, trans-lat, v.t. lit. to carry over; to re
scribed; a copy.
transcription, tran-skripshun, n., theactofcopying: move language
to another place ; to render into another
; to explain.:pr.p. translating ; Pa.p.
a transcript ; a copy. translated.n. translator. [L. trans, over,
Transept, tran'sept, n. lit an enclosure across; the fero, latum, to carry.]
part of a church at right angles to the nave. [L. translation, trans-la'shun, n., theactoftranslating:
trans, across, and septum, an enclosuresepes, removal to another place ; the rendering into
a hedge. ] another language ; a version.
Transfer, trans-fer*, v.t., to carry or bring over; to Translucent, trans-150'sent, adj., shining through;
convey to anotherplace ; to remove ; to transport : allowing light to pass, but not transparent ; clear.
Pr.p. transferr'ing ; pa.p. transferred'.n. trans- adv. translu'cently.ns. transla'cence, translu -
ferr'er. [L. trans, across,fero, to carry.]
transfer, trans'fer, ., the act oftransferring; the tocency. [L. translucenstrans, across, and luceo,
shinelux, lucis, light]
conveyance of anything from one person or place Transmarine, trans-ma-ren', adj., across or beyond
to another : that which is transferred. the sea. [L. trans} across, and Marina.]
transferable, trans-fer'a-bl, transferrtble, trans-feti- Transmigrate,
bl, adj., that may be transferred or conveyed move across,trans'mi-grut, v.i., to migrate or re
esp. to another country ; to pass
from one place or person to another.ns. trans- into another body or state.n. trans'migrator.
ferabil'ity, transferribll ity. [L. trans, across, and Migrate.]
transference, trans'fer-ens, n., the act of transfer transmigration, trans-mi-ghi'shun, n. , the act ofre
ring or conveying from one person or place to moving to another country ; the passing into
another ; passage from one place to another.
transferee, trans-fer-fi', n., the Person to whom a another into another
state : the passage ofthe soul after death
body.
thing is transferred.
Transfigure, trans-fig'ur, v.t., to change the figure transmigratory, trans-ral'gra-tor-i, adj., passing to
or form of; to change the appearance of. [L. another place, body, or state.
trans, across, denoting change, and Figure.] Transmit, trans-mit', v.t., to send across to another
transfiguration, trans-fig-ur-ashun, ., a change of person or place ; to suffer to pass through :pr.p.
form.The Transfiguration, the supernatural transmitting ; pa.p.transmitted.n. transmitt er.
change in the appearance of Christ, described [L. trans, across, and mitlo, -missum, to send]
in Matt xvu. ; a feast of the K. C. Church, on transmissible, trans-mis'i-bl, adj., that may be
6th August, in commemoration of it transmitted or passed from one to another ;
Transfix, trans-fiks', v.t., tofix by piercing through. capable of being transmitted through any body
[L. trans, through, and Fix.] or substance.n. tranamIssjbjfity.
fate, far; mi, her; mine; mOte; mute ; moon; then.
 transmission
transmission, trans-mish'un, transmittal, trans-mit'al,
n., act of transmitting; the sending from one
place or person to another ; passage through.
Transmute, trans-mQt', v.t. lit to change over; to
change to another form or substance '.Pr.p.
transmuting ; Pa.p. transmuted. [L. trans, over,
muto, to change.]
tranamutable, trans-mOt'a-blj adj., that may be
transmuted or changed into a different form,
nature, or substance.adv. tnuumotably.ns.
transmut'ablesess, tranimatabll'ity.
transmutation, trans-mut-a'shun, n., the act of
transmuting or changing into a different form,
nature, or substance.
Transom, tran'sum, n. lit. that which is taken
across x in arch,, the horizontal piece across a
double window, the lintel over a door: in ships,
the beam across the stern-post to strengthen the
after-part. [L. trans, across, and sumo, to take.]
transom-window, tran'sum-win-dC, n., a window
divided into two parts by a transom.
Transparent, trans-par'ent, adj.% appearingthrough;
allowing objects to be seen through; clear.
adv. transparently. n. transpar'entness. [L.
trans, through, and pareo, to appear.]
transparency, trans-paren-si, n., the quality of
being transparent; clearness; that which is
transparent ; a picture on semi-transparent ma
terial seen by means of light shining through.
Transpierce, trans-pcrs', v.t., topierce through; to
permeate. [L. trans, through, and Pierce.]
Transpire, tran-spTr', v.t., to breathe orpass through
the pores of the skin.v.t. to exhale : to become
public :pr.p. transpiring ; Pa.p. transpired'.
[L, trans, through, and spiro, to breathe.]
transpiration, tran-spi-ri'shun, n. , act or process of
transpiring; exhalation through the skin.
Transplant, trans-plant', v.t., to plant in another
place: to remove.n. transplanta'tlon. [L. trans,
across, and Plant.]
Transport, trans-port', v.t., to carry across or from
one place to another : to banish : to carry away
by passion or pleasure :pr.p. transporting ;
Pa.p. transport ed. [L./ra>w,andporto, to carry.]
transport, trans'port, n.t carriagefrom oneplace to
another: a vessel for conveyance : ecstasy.
transportable, trans-pOrt'a-bl, adj., that may be
transported or carried across.
transportation, trans-pQr-ta'shun, ., act of trans
portation ; removal : banishment.
Transpose, trans-por/, v.t. lit. to place across; to put
each in the place of the other : to change, as the
order of words, or the key in music :pr.p.
transposing ; pa.p. transposed'. [L. trans,
across, pono, positurn, to place.]
transpose], trans-poz'al, ., act of transposing; a
change of place or order.
transposition, trans-po-zish'un, n., act of transpos
ing ox of putting one thing in place of another:
state of being transposed ; a change of the order
of words : in music, a change of key.
Transprlnt, trans-print', v.t., to print out ofplace.
[L. trans, across, and Print]
Trans-ship, trans-ship', v.t., to transfer to another
ship.n. trans-ship ment. [L. trans, across, and
Ship]
Transubstantiate, tran-sub-stan'shi-at, v.t., tochange
to another substance. [L. trans, across, sub
stantia, a substance.]
transabstaatlatlon, tran-sub-stan-shi-l'shun, n., a
change into another substance ; the Rom. Cat h.
doctrine that the bread and wine in the Eucharist
are changed into Christ's body and blood.
fate, far ; me", her ; mine ;
2H
Traverse
Transverse, trans-vers', adj., turned or lying across*
[L. trans, across, verto, versum, to turn.]
transversely, trans-vcrsli, adv., in a transverse
or cross direction.
Trap, trap, n. an instrument for snaring animals : an
ambush ; a stratagem : a drain-pipe for sinks, &c
v.t. to catch in a trap '.pr.p. trapp'ing ; pa.p.
trapped'. [A.S. trappe, It trappa, a trap ; Fr.
attraper, to catch ; old Ger. tritpo, a snare,
perh. from the sound of falling down.]
trepan, tra-pan', v.t., to trap: to ensnare '.Pr.p.
trapann'ing ; Pa.p. trapanned'.n. a snare : a
stratagem.*, trapanner. [from Trap.]
trap-door, trap'-dOr, n. a door in a floor shutting
like the catch of a trap.
Trap, trap, v.t., todrape or adorn with gay clothes;
to ornament '.pr.p. trapp'ing ; Pa.p. trapped'.
(Fr. drop, Sp. trapo, low L. drafpus, cloth.]
trappings, trapingz, n.pl. gay clothes; ornaments,
especially those put on horses.
Trap, trap, n. a kind of igneous rock, so called
because lying often in stairs or terraces.adj.
trapp'ean. [Sw. frapptrappa, stairs.]
Trapan. See under Trap, a snare.
Trapeze, tra-pet, Trapezium, tra-pc"'zi-um, n. a plane
figure having four unequal sides, and none of
them parallel: one of the wrist bones : a swing
used in gymnastics. [Gr. trapezion, dim. of tra-
Pcza, a table : contr. either from iri-pesa, three-
legged, or from tetra-peza, four-legged.]
trapezlform, tra-per'i-form, adj., having theform
ofa trapeze. [Gr. trapeza, and Form.]
trapezoid, trap'e-zoid, . a plane four-sided figure
like a trapezium, having its two opposite sides
parallel. [Gr. trapeza, and eidos, form.]
trapezoidal, trap-c-zoid'al, adj., having theform of
a trapezoid.
Trappings. See under Trap, v.t.
Trash, trash, v.t. to crop : to strip of leaves :
Pr.p. trashing ; pa.p. trashed'.n. refuse : matter
unfit for food.
trashy, trash'i, adj., like trash; worthless.
Travail, trav'fll, n., excessive labour; toil: labour
in childbirth.v.i. to labour : to suffer the pains
of childbirth '.pr.p. trav'ailing ; pa.p. trav ailed.
[Fr.W. trafaeltra, exceeding, and mael,
labour.] See Turmoil.
Trave, trav, a beam; a wooden frame to confine
horses while being shod. [It. trave; Sp. trabe
L. trabs, trabis, Gr. trapgx,A beam.]
Travel, travel, v.i. lit. to labour hard; to walk : to
journey: to pass; to move.v.t. to pass; to
journey over '.pr.p. travelling ; pa.p. travelled.
n. act of passing from place to place ; journey :
labour ://. an account of a journey, [a form
of Travail.]
traveller, travel-er, n., one who travels ; one who
travels for a mercantile house : a ring that slides
along a rope or boom.
Traverse, trav'ers, adj., turned or lying across:
denoting a method of cross-sailing.. anything
laid or built across: something that crosses, or
obstructs: a turn: in law, a plea containing a
denial of some fact alleged by an opponent : a
work for protection from the fire of an enemy.
v. t. to cross : to pass over ; to survey : in law,
to deny what an opponent has alleged.v.i. to
oppose a movement, in fencing : to turn, as on a
pivot:pr.p. traversing; Pa.p. traversed, .
traverser. [L. trans, across, and verto, versum,
to turn.]
 traversable trephine
traversable, trav'ers-abl, adj., that may be trav treating; management: behaviour to any i
ersed or denied. way of applying remedies.
traverse-table, trav'ers-ta-bl, n. a table or platform treaty, trit i, n., the act of treating to torn
agreement : a formal agreement between sta
for shifting carriages to other rails.
Travesty, travVs-ti, adj. , having on the vesture or Treble, trebl, adj., triple; threefold: in ma
dress ofanother', disguised so as to be ridiculous. denoting the treble, that plays or sings the tn
n. a parody.v.t. to turn into burlesque: n. the highest of the four principal parts is
Pr.p. trav estying ; /a./, travestied. [Fr. traves- musical scale.v.t. to make three t:~'
tir, to disguiseL. trans, over, vestio, to clothe.] v.i. to become threefold :pr.p. treb ling ; pa-p.
Trawl, trawl, v.i. to fish by trailing a net behind trebled (Id).adv. treb'ly. [old Fr. See Triple.,
avessel ir.p. trawl'ing ;Pa.p. trawled', [a form Treddle. See under Tread.
of TraiL]
trawler, trawler, n.,onewho, or that which trawls; Tree, tre", n. a plant having a single trunk, woody,
branched, and of a large size; anything like a
a small fishing-vessel used in trawling. tree : a piece of timber or something usually
Tray, tra, n. a shallow trough-hkc vessel : a salver. made; of timber: in ., a cross. [A.S. nws,
[a form of Trough.] Goth, triu, Ice. tri, Gr. drus, Sans. dne.\
Treachery, trech'er-i, n. lit. the act of a traitor; treenail, fasten
tri'nal, . a long wooden pin or eustl is
the planks of a ship to the timbers.
faithlessness. [Pror. trachar, to betrayL. Trefoil, trS'foil, n.,a three-leavedplant as the white
trado, to give over. See Traitor.]
trech'er-us, adj., full of treachery; and red clover : in arch. , an ornament like trefoil
faithless.o</f.trach'eroiuly..trBach'
treach'e [L. trifoliumires, three, andfolium, a leaf.]
Treacle, trelcl, . orig. an antidote against the bite Trellis, trel'is, n. a structure of cross-barred or
ofpoisonous animals : the syrup whicr^ is drained lattice work, for supporting plants, &c [Ft.
from sugar in the making. [Gr. thiriakos, wild treiilisL. three, licium,
trilix, -icis, tnple-twilledtree,
a thread.]
or venomoustherion, a wild beast.]
Tread, tred, V.t. lit. to set thefoot ; to walk or go : trelllsed,
as a
trel'ist, adj., having a trellis, or formed
trellis.
to copulate, as fowls.v.t. to walk on : to press
with the foot : to trample in contempt ; to sub Tremble, trem'bl, v.i., to shake, as from fear, cold,
or weakness; to shiver: to shake, as sound:
due : to copulate with, as a male bird :fr.j>. Pr.p. trem"bling ; pa.p. trem'bled.n. truss/bler.
treading ; pa. t. trod ; pa.p. trod or trodd'en.. adv. tremblingly.
pressure with the foot ; a step.n. tread'er. [A.S. tremblingtremo, [Fr. trembler; L. trrmulus,
to shake, akin to Gr. trti.
tredan. Ice. troda, Ger. treten, akin to L. trudo, Sans, tras, to tremble.]
to tread ; W. trawd, treed, GaeL troid, foot. )
treadle, treddle, tredl, . the part of any machine tremendous, tre-men'dus, adj. lit. that causes trem
bling: such as astonishes or terrifies by its force
which the foot treads on and moves,
tread-miII, tred'-mil, . a mill worked by treading, or greatness ; dreadful.<wj*f. tremendously. [JL
used chiefly as an instrument of prison discipline. tremendus.]
Treason, tr'zn, a betraying ai the government tremor, trem'or, ., a trembling, shaking, DC
quivering. [L.]
or an attempt to overthrow it ; treachery ; dis tremulous, adj., tremblings affected
loyalty. [Fr. trahison, did Fs. .*r<iSS!?*zzFS- with fear trcm'u-lus, : shaking ; quivering.adv. trem uian*
trahir, L. trado, to give up, betray.] n. trem'ulousne&s.
treasonable, tre*nva-bl, adj.,pertaining to, consist Tm^frensh, v.t., to cut or dig a ditch : to <ug
ing of, or involving treason.adv. trea sonably. deepl\Sv*tn tfte spade or plough.v.i. to ca-
Treasure, trezh'Qr, . wealth stored up ; riches : a croach \-^-P- trench ing ; pa.p. trenched'.*,
great quantity collected ; great abundance : any a long naV0* cut 'n tne c****1 ' lQfort., an ex
thing much valued.v.t. to hoard up; to collect cavation
for future use : to value greatly \pr.p. treas'Or- [old Fr. io'%JcrruPt tne approach of an enemr,
tre!**"' tl? cul **
ing ; pa.p. treas'ured. trr. trisor, L. thesaurus, carve : perhaps L. truncus, a trunk.]
Gr. thisauros. See Thesaurus.]
treasurer, trezh'Or-cr, ., one who Juts the care ofa trenchant, trensh'ant^'- """f-* sHarp: sero
wooden plate formerly use-
treasure or treasury ; one who has charge of trencher, for cuttingtrensh'er.
meat onV mcals: the toblei '
collected funds.. treasurerihip. pleasures of the tables tranchoir.]
treasure-trove, trezh'Or-trov, treasure or money trench-plough, trensh'-plo*' a pfo*ghfor
found in the earth, of which the owner is un
known. [Treasure, and trovi, pa.p. of old Fr. ing or turning up theVjana more deeply thai
usual.v.t. to plough wl^1 a trench-plough,
trover, to find. See Trover.] Trental, trenral, . a RornHC*1*1- ceremony for
treasury, trezh'Qr-i, . orig. a treasure; a place the dead,
where treasure is deposited : the department of the person'sofdeath, thirty masses tnirty days afcr
[low L. ti
a government which has charge of the finances. L. triginta, thirty.]
Treat, trt, V.t., to handle in a particular manner ; Trepan, tre pan', same as Trepan :v~^r/-
to discourse on : to entertain, as with food or mS ' PaP- trepanned'. v
drink, &t : to manage in the application of Trepan, tre-pan', n. lit. a borer; a spall cylindrical
remedies: to use.v.t. to handle a subject in saw used m trepanning.v.t. to reVnove a circulir
writing or speaking : to negotiate : to give an piece of the skull with a trepan ijf'/- trepann
entertainment :pr.p. treat'ing ; /a./, treat'ed.
ft. an entertainment. [A.S. treahtigean, Fr. ing : Pt.p. trepanned'. [Fr. ; low
Gr. trupanontrupad, to bore.]
trailer. It. trattareL. traclare, to handle, trephine, trc-fin', n. the modern /Vr/aj\hivtag a
managetraho, traclum, to draw.]
treatise, treViz, n. a written composition in which little sharp borer called the centre pin.
perforate with the trephine xpr.p. trej
a subject is treated or handled ; a formal essay. Pa.p. trephined', [dim. of Trepan.J
trtr/ment, the act or manner of
fate, far ; me, her ; mine ; mote ; mute ; moon ; then.

J
 Trepidation Trigonometry
Tribute,
Trepidation, trep-i-d.Vshun, n. terror causing one to intervals by one trib'flt, n. a fixed amount paid at certain
turn in flight ; a state of confused hurry or alarm ; nation to another as the price
an involuntary trembling. |L. trepidatiotre- of peace or protection: a personal contribution;
pido, atum, to hurry with alarmtrepidus, alarm acknowledgment, or homage paid. {L.tributttm
Gr. trepd, to turn in Might. J tribuo, to assign, give, pay : perh. from tribus,
Trespass, tres'pas, v.i., to pass over a limit or tributary, a tribe.]
boundary; to enter unlawfully upon another's yielding supplies of anything : paid in ;tribute.
trib'D-tar-i, adj., payingtribute subject;
land: to inconvenience by importunity; to in n. one who pays tribute.adv. tributarily.
trude: to injure or annoy another: to sin:
pr.p. tres'passing ; Pa.p. tres passed.. act of Trice, trTs, n. lit. a crack ; a very short time; an
trespassing : any injury to another's person or pro instant. (Sp. tris, noise of breaking glass.]
perty : a sin.n. trespasser, [old Fr. trespasser, Tricennial. trl-sen'yal, adj., pertaining to thirty
transpasserl*. trans, across, over, and Pass ] years; occurring every thirty years. [L. tri-
trespass-offering, tres'pas-of-cr-ing, n. an offering in cennatis tricenuium, thirty yearstriginia,
expiation of a trespass or sin. thirty (tres, three1, and annus, a year.]
Tress, tres, n. a lock or curl of hair, lit. of three Tricentenary, tri-sen'ten-ar-i, ., a space of three
braids; a ringlet. [ Fr. ; It. treccia, from Gr. hundred years. [L. trecenti, three hundred
tric/ut, threefoldtris, three times : or from L. tres, three, and centum, a hundred.]
tricae, Gr. thrix, hair.]
tressed, trest, adj., having tresses: formed into Trick, trik, n. any fraud or stratagem to deceive:
a clever contrivance to puzzle, amuse, or annoy:
tresses or ringlets ; curled. a particular habit or manner: a parcel of cards
TresMl, Trestle, tresl, n. lit. a tripod; a movable falling to a winner at one turn.v.t. to deceive ;
support fastened to a top-piece ; the frame of a to cheat :pr.p. trick'ing ; Pa.p. tricked'.us.
table, (old Fr. trestel; Dutch, driestal, a tripod trick'er, trick'tter. [Dutch, trek, a pull, draught,
^irie, three, and stal, a place : Scot, trest, the tricktrekken, to pull : old Fr. tricher, It.
frame of a tabic. J treccare, to cheat, trick.]
Tret, tret, n. an allowance to purchasers of 4 lbs. trickery, trik'er-i, ., act or practice of playing
tricks; artifice; stratagem; imposition.
drawn or taken off every 104 lbs. for waste. tricklsh, trik'ish, adj., atuiicted to tricks: artful in
[Norm, trett, draught, Fr. traitold Fr, traire, making bargains.adv. trlck'ishly.. trick Uh-
L. tralio, trahere, to draw : usually given from nesa.
L. tritus, rubbed away.]
Wad, trfad, the union 0/ three. [L. trios, looses the hammer of a gunwhich
trigger, trig'er, n. a catch when Pulled
in firing. [Dutch,
triadis ; Gr. trias, triadostreis, three.] trekkertrekken, to pull.]
Trial. Sec under Try.
Triangle, triang-gt, *. in math., a plane figure Trickle, trik'l, v.i. to flow in drops or in a small
with three angles and three sides : in music, stream trinkle
:-pr.p. trick'ting -.pa.p. trickled. [Scotch,
; Ger. tr6pfelntroffen, to fall in drops.]
an instrument of steel in the form of a triangle. Tricolor, Tricolour, trT'kul-ur, n. the national flag of
[Fr. ; L. triangulustres, three, and angulus, France, of three colours, red, white, and blue.
an angle.] [Fr. tricoloreL. tres, three, and color, colour.]
trlangle'd. trT'ang-gld, adj., having three angles.
triangular, trl-ang gQ-lar, adj., having three angles. trico'.oured.
Trident,
trl'kul-urd, adj., having three colours.
trT'dent, n. the three-pronged spear or
adv. triangularly,
triangulate, trl-ang'gu-tat, v.t. to survey by means sceptre of Neptune, god of the ocean. [Fr. ; L.
of triangles ;Pr.p. triangulating; pa.p. trlan'- trident, trt'dent, tridented,dentis,
tres, three, and dens, tooth, prong.]
trrdent-ed, adj., having
gulated. three teeth or prongs.
trlaagulatlon, trT-ang-gO-15'shun, n., art oftriangu Triennial, tri-en'yal, attj. continuing three ytort;
lating: the series of triangles so used.
Tribe, trlb, n. one. a third part, afterwards a happening every third year.adv. trienu'laJly.
[L. triennistres, three, and annus, a year.]
division, of the Roman people : any division of Trier. See under Try.
people : a race or family fromthesame ancestor :
a body of people under one leader: a numberof Trifle, n; tl. v.i. to act or talk lightly; to indulge
in light or silly amusements '.Pr.p. trl'fling ;
things having certain common qualities. [L. tri- pa.p. trT'flcd.. anything oflittle value ; a light
bus, akintrT'brak,
to tres,n.three.]
Tribrach, in poetry, a foot of three kind prob.
of dish. n. trl'fler. [old Dutch, treyfetenl
akin to A.S. trifelan, to break, bruise.]
short syllables. [L. and Gr. tribrachystreis, trifling, trl'fling, adj., tike a trifle; of small value
three, and brachys, short]
Tribulation, trib-G-UVshun, n. lit. state of being TrifolUte, trI-fo1i-5t,trivial.adv.
or importance: trl fllngly.
ground or bruised in a threshing-floor: severe three, andfolium, adj., three-leaved. [L. tres,
affliction : distress. [L. tribittatiotribulum, a Triform, triform, adj.,leaf.] havinga tripleform. [L.
sledge for rubbing out comtero, to rub, grind. J triformistres, three, and forma, form.]
Tribunal See under Tribune. Trigger. See under Trick.
Tribune, trib'fln, n. lit. Jhe chief of a tribe ; a Triglyph. tn'glif, n. a three-grooved tablet at equal
magistrate elected by the Roman plebeians to
defend their rights: the raised pLiifurin from distances along the frieze in Doric architec
ture. I L. tnglyphns ; Gr. triglyphottreis,
which speeches were delivered.ml trtb'uneship. three, and glyphd, to hollow out, to carve.]
[L. tribunustribus, a tribe.]
tribunal, trT-bu'nal, n. orig. the platform on which triglypbJc. consisting
tri-glif'ik, trtglypbicaJ, trT-glif'ik-al, adj.,
of or pertaining to triglyphs; con
the tribune sat: the bench on which a judge and taining three sets of characters or sculptures.
his associates sit to administer justice ; court of Trigonometry, trig-o-nom'e-tri, n., the measurement
justice. [I-.J
fate, far ; roe, her ; mine ; mote ; mute ; mOOn ; Men.

r
 trigonometrical Triton
ef triangles ; the science which treats of the thrown : a false step : a mistake. [Dutch, tripp**,
relations between the sides and angles of tri to dance ; Ger. trippeln ; Dan. trip, a short step ;
angles. [Gr. trigdnon, a triangle, ana nutran, a W. tripiaw.}
measure.] tripping, trip'ing, ., the act of tripping ; a light
trigonometrical, trig-o-no-met'rik-al, adj., pertain kind of dance.
ing to trigonometry : done by the rules of trigo trippingly, trip'ing-li, adv., in a tripping manner;
nometry.adv. trigonomet'rically. with a light, quick step.
Trihedron, trt-hg'dron, a figurr having three Tripartite, trip'ar-tlt, adj. , dividedinto threeparts :
equal bases or sides. [Gr. treis, three, and having three corresponding parts ; relating to
hedra, a seat, base.] three parties. [L. tripartitustres, three, par-
trihedral, trT-hc'dral, adj., having three equal sides. titus, pa,p. ofpartio, to dividePars, a pan.]
Trilateral, tri-lat'er-al, adj., having three sides. trlpartitlon, trip-ar-tish'un, n., a division into tine
adv. bilaterally. [L. trilaterustres, three, Parts; a taking of a thud part.
and latus, lateris, a side.]
Trilingual, trl-ling'gwal, adj., consisting of three Tripe, trip, n. lit. the belly, entrails : the large tfO>
tongues or languages. [L. tri/inguistres, mach tit,
of ruminating animals prepared for food-
trippa; W. tripa.]
three, and lingua, tongue, language.]
Trilltcral, trT-lit'er-al, adj., consisting of three Tripedal. trip'e-dal, adj., having three feet. [L.
letters. [L. tres, three, and litera, a letter.] tres, three, and pes, pedis, foot.]
Trill, tril, v.t. and i., to shake ; to utter with a petals or trT-petal-us,
Tripetalons. adj. in dot., having thrre
tremulous vibration :/r.ji. triU'ing;/a./.trilled'. Petalon, a Rover-leaves.
leaf]
[Gr. treis, three, and
*. a quaver or tremulous vibration. [Dutch, Triphthong, trifthong or trip'thong, n.t three let
trilUn, Ger. trillem. It. trillare, to shake, ters sounded as one. [Fr. triphthong**Gx.
from repetition of tril, tril.] treis, three, and phthonggos, sound.]
Trillion, tril'yun, n. a million raised to the third trlphthongiJ, trif-thong'gal, adj., pertaining- to, or
power, or multiplied twice by itself (1,000,000, consisting of a triphthong.
000,000,000,000). [Fr.L. Ires, three, and low Triple, tripT. adj., threefold ; consisting of three
L. millio, a million. See million.] united: three times repeated.v.t. to treble:
Trim, trim, adj. lit. strong; compact : being in Pr.p.tripling ; pa.p. trip'led.adv. triply. [Fr. ;
L. triplextres, three, and plico, to fold.]
good order ; nice.v.t. to make trim ; to put in triplet,
clue order; to dress; to decorate: to clip; to three trip k-t, n., three of a kind or three united:
lines rhyming together : in music, three
reduce to proper form : to arrange for sailing : notes occupying the time of two.
pr.p. trimm'ing \pa.p. trimmed'.n. dress ; orna triplicate, tripTi-kSt, adj., threefold; made thrice
ments: state of a ship as to sailing qualities. as much.. a third copy or thing correspond
ad:-, trim'ly.ft. trim'ness. [A.S. trum; trymian, ing to two others of the same kind.
to strengthen, set in order.]
trimmer, trim'er, one who trims : one who triplication,
fold or
trip-li-ka'shun, actofmakingthree
adding three together.
fluctuates between parties, a time-server.
trimming, trim'ing, ., that which trims; orna Tripod, a
trT'pod, . anything on threefeet or legs, as
stool, &c. [Gr. tripous, tripodostri, treis,
mental parts, esp. of a garment, dish, &c. three, Pous, a foot.]
Trimeter, trim'e-ter, ft. a division of a verse consist Tripos,
ing of three measures. [Gr. trimetrostrxis, honours at Cambridge ; a triposexamination
trfpos a university
paper, [sup
for
three, and meiron, measure.] posed to refer to the three-legged stool formerly
trimeter, trim'e-ter, trimotrlcal, tri-merrik-al, adj., used at these examinations.]
consisting ofthree measures.
Trinity, trin'i-ti, n. the union of three in one God Triptote, trip'tot, n. a noun having three cases
only. [Fr. ; Gr. triptdtontri, treis, three,
head ; the persons of the Godhead. [L. trinitas, thrice, ptdtos, fallingpiptd, to fall.]
threetrini, three eachtres, three.]
Trinity-Sunday, trin'i-ti-sun-da, n. the Sunday next Trireme, banks
trrYem, n. a galley or vessel with three
or rows of oars. [Fr.; L. triremistri,
after Whitsunday, held in honour of the Trinity. tres, three, remus, an oar.]
Trinitarian, trin-i-tari-an, adj., Pertaining to the Trisect, trl-sekt', v.t., to cut or divide into three
Trinity, or to the doctrine of the Trinity.n. equal parts :Pr.p. trlscct'ing ; Pa.p. trlsect'ed.
one who holds the doctrine of the Trinity. [L. tri, three, thrice, seco, sectum, to cut.]
Trijulsrlaoism, trin-i-taVi-an-iztn, ., the tenets of trisectlon, trl-sek'shun, n. the division of anything,
Trinitarians. as an angle, into three equal parts.
Trinket, tringk'ct, . a small ornament for the per Trisyllable, tris-sil'a-bl, n. a word of threesyllables.
son : anything of little value, [akin to Fr. [Gr. tri, treis, three, thrice, syllabi, a syllable.]
triquenique, trifle ; Wal. trankot, a rattle, trifle.] trisyllabic, tris-sil-lab'ik, trisyllabic*!, -al, adj., per
Trinomial, trT-nO'mi-al, adj. in math., consisting of taining to a trisyllable ; consisting of three
three names or terms connected by the sign plus syllables. adv. trisyllab'lcally.
or minus.n. a trinomial quantity. [L. tres, Trite, trit, adj. lit. rubbed; worn out by use ; used
three, and nomen, name.] till its novelty and interest are lost ; hackneyed.
Trio, tri'o, ., three united; in music, a composi adv. tritely.u. trite'ness. [It. trito; L. tritus,
tion for three performers. [It.L. tres, three.] rubbed, pa. p. of tero, tritum, to rub. See Try.]
Trip, trip, v.t., to move with short, light steps: triturate, trit'u-rat, v.t., to rub or grind to a tine
to stumble and fall: to err; to fad.v.t. to powder '.Pr.p. trit'Orating ; Pa.p. trit'urlted.
cause to stumble by striking the feet : to over . trituration. [L. trituro, -alumtero, to rub.]
throw by taking away support: to catch :Pr.p. tritorable, trit'u-rabl, adj. that may be reduced to
tripp'ing ;fa.p. tripped'.n. a light, short step : a fine powder by grinding.
an excursion : a catch by which an antagonist is Triton, trfton, n. in myth., a marine demi-god, one
(ate, far; me, her; mTnc; mote; mute; mCOn; Men.
53a
 Triumph
of the trumpeters of Neptune, his trumpet being
a wreathed univalve shell ; a genus of molluscs
with a wreathed univalve shell. [Gr. tritdn.]
Triumph, trT'umf, n. orig. a hymn to Bacchus sung
in processions to his nonour : in ancient Rome,
a procession in honour of a victorious general :
joy for success: victory.v.i. to celebrate a vic
tory with pomp ; to rejoice for victory : to obtain
victory ; to be prosperous : (with over), to insult
a person upon an advantage gained 'pr.p. tri
umphing : Pa.p. trl'umphed.n, tri'umpher. [L.
triumpkus ; akin to Gr. thriambos, a hymn to
Bacchus.]
triumphal, trT-umf'al, adj., Pertaining to triumph ;
used in celebrating victory.
triumphant, trl-umTant, adj., celebrating or re
joicing for a triumph; expressing joy for suc
cess : victorious.adv. triumphantl7. [L. tri
umphant, -an(is, pr.p. of triumpho, to celebrate
a triumphtriumphus.]
Triumvir, trl-um'vir, n. one of three men in the same
office or government ://. trium'viri, trium'vin.
[L. trium, gen. of tres, three, vir, a man.]
triumvirate, trl-um'vi-rat, n. an.association ofthree
men in office or government. [ L. triumvtratus.]
Triune, trl'fin, adj. being three in one* [L. tri,
tres, three, and unus, one.]
Trivet, triv'et, n., a tripod or three-legged stool
or other support, [for trevetYr. tripied, a tri
podL. tripes, tripedistres, three,/**, afoot.]
Trivial, trr/i-al, adj. lit. to be found at the cross
roads or public streets ; that may be found any
where, common : of little importance ; trifling.
adv. trivially.n. trivlalnew. [L. trivialis
trivium, a place where three ways meettres,
three, via, a way.]
Trochee, trOTce", n. a metrical foot of two syllables,
so called from its tripping or joyous character ;
in L. verse, consisting of a long and a short, as
numen, in E. verse, of an accented and un
accented syllable, as trfpod. [ Fr. trochJe, Gr.
trochaios [pous, foot), running, trippingtroches,
a runningtrechd, to run.]
trochaic, tro-ka'ik, trochaical, -al, adj., consisting
oftrochees.. a trochaic verse or measure.
Trod, Trodden, pad. and Pa.p. of Tread.
Troglodyte, troglo-dlt, ., one who enters or dwells
in a cave, applied esp. to certain ancient tribes
on the Nile. [Fr.Gr. trdglodytestrSgli, a
hole, a cave, and dud, to enter.]
Trojan, tro^jan, adj. , pertaining to ancient Troy.
n. an inhabitant of ancient Troy : an old soldier.
Troll, trol, v.t. lit. to roll; to move circularly : to
sing the parts of in succession, as of a catch or
round.v.i. to roll; to move or run about: to
sing a catch : to fish, esp. for pike, with a rod of
which the line runs on a reel near the handle :
Pr.p. troU'ing: Pa.p. trailed'.. a song, the
parts of which are sung in succession : a round.
n. troU'er. [Ger. trollen, to roll, troll ; W. trol,
a cylinder, roller ; Fr. troler, to drag about ;
akin to Thrill and Drill.]
trollop, trol'up, a trollingor wanderingperson :
a loitering, slatternly woman.
Trombone, trom'bCn, n. a deep-toned brass instru
ment of the trumpet kind. [It. ; augmentative
of tromba, a trumpet. See Tramp. ]
Troop, trtJOp, ., a crowd or collection of people : a
company : soldiers taken collectively, an army,
usually in //. ; a small body of cavalry.vd. to
collect in numbers; to march in a company, or
fate, far ; me, her ; mine ;
Trousseau
in haste 'Pr.p. trOop'ing: Pa.p. trOTpcd'. [Fr.
troupe, It. tntppa; prob. fromL. turba, a crowd.
trooper, trGop'er, n. lit. one of a troop; a private
cavalry soldier.
Trope, tr'p, n. lit. a turning or change : in rhet.,
a word or expression changed from its proper
sense for life or emphasis, a figure of speech.
[Fr., L. trofus, Gr. tropostreps, to turn.]
tropical, tropik-al, adj. in rhet., pertaining to a
trope; changed from its proper or original sense ;
figurative.-adv. tropically.
tropology, tro-pol'o-ji, ., a tropical or figurative
modeofspeech. [Gr. tropos, and logos, discourse.]
tropologies!, trfl-po-loj'ik-al, adj., expressed or
varied by tropes or figures.
Trophy, trO'fi, . a monument of an enemy's defeat
or turning to flee ; anything taken from an
enemy and preserved as a memorial of victory ;
something that is evidence of victory. [Fr.
trophic, L, tropaum, Gr. tropaiontropi, a
turningtrePS, to turn.]
trophled, tro'fid, adj., adornedwith trophies.
Tropic, trop'ik, n. one of the two circles in the
celestial sphere, 330 28', on each side of the equa
tor, where the sun turns, as it were, after reach
ing its greatest declination north or south , one
of two circles on the terrestrial globe correspond
ing to these :in //. the regions lying between
the tropics, [from root of Trope.]
tropic, trop'ik, tropical, trop'ik-al, adj., pertaining
to the tropics; being within or near the tropics.
adv. trop ieally.
Tropology, &c. See under Trope.
Trot, trot, v.i., to go, lifting the feet quicker and
higher than in walking; to walk or move fast;
to run.v.t. to ride at a trot :pr.p. trott'ing;
Pa.p. trotted.. the pace of a horse, or other-
quadruped when trotting.n. trotfer. [Ger.
trotten, akin to treten, to go ; It. trottare, L.
as if trotare, tolutaretolutim ire, to trot
tolutim, on a trot, lit. by a lifting, from root tolt
to lift, and ire, to go.]
Troth, troth, n., truth, confidence ; faith ; fidelity.
[A.S. treowthtreow, faith, trust} See T
Troubadour, trTO'ba-doTJr, . lit. an inventor or
composer of fictitious stories ; one of a class of
poets from the nth to the 13th century, chiefly in
France. [Fr. ; Sp. trovador. It. trovaioreFr.
trouver, It. trovare, to find. See Trover.]
Trouble, trubl, v.t. to put into a crowded, confused
state; to agitate : to disturb ; to annoy :pr.p.
troubling ; Pa.p. troubled. n. disturbance ;
affliction ; uneasiness : that which disturbs or
afflicts.tt.troubltr. [Fr.troubler,old Yx.tourbler
L. turbula, dim. of turba, a crowd, tumult]
troublesome, trub/l-sum, adj., causing or giving*
trouble or inconvenience ; vexatious : importun
ate.adv. troubletomely.ft. tronbleeomeneu.
troublous, trub'lus, adj.,full oftrouble or disorder;
agitated ; tumultuous.
Trough, truf, n. a long, hollow vessel for water or
other liquid ; a long tray : a long narrow channel.
[A.S., Ger. trog; old Fr. troe, It. truogo.]
Troiuen, trou'zerz, n.sing. a garment worn by
males on the lower limbs and trussedar fastened
up at the waist [old Fr. trousses, breeches worn
by pagesfrom root ofTrust.]
Trotuteau, trOO-sO', n. lit. a bundle or package;
the lighter articles of a bride's outfit. [Fr. ; old
Fr. torseautorser, to pack up. See Truu.]
mOtc ; mflte ; mOOn ; Men.
533
 Trout truzmion
Trent, trout, n. lit the fish with sharp teeth ; a tain ; agreement with reality ; true state ofthings,
fresh-water fish of the salmon family, esteemed a or facts : practice of speaking or disposition to
delicacy. [A.S. trukt, Fr. truite, low L. trutta, speak the truth ; fidelity : a true statement; an
~L.tructa, tructus, Gr. trdhlistrfigd, to gnaw.] established principle : in the fine arts, a faithful
Trover, troVcr, . in law, the gaining possession of adherence
[A.S. treowth,]
to nature.Of a truth, in B.t truly.
goods by finding or otherwise. [Fr. irower, truthful, troUth'fooI, adj., full oftruth ; according
old Fr. trover, to findL. turbare, to turn topsy to or adhering to truth ; reliable.adv. truth
turvy in searching for thingsturba, confusion.] fully.n. truth'fulness.
trow, trO, v.i. lit. to hold as true : in B., to trust; Truffle, trufl, n. lit. the tuber or root in the earth ;
to believe; to think. [A.S. treowian, Ger. a round underground fungus used in cookery,
trauen, to trust. See True, Trait.]
Trowel, trowel, n. lit. a ladle; a tool used in [old earth,
Fr. truJL, It tartu/oL. tern, the
and tuber, a swelling, a truffle, froa
spreading mortar, and in gardening. [Fr. truelle, tumeo, to swell.]
L. trulla, for truella, dim. of /nta, a ladle.] truffled, trufld, adj., cooked with truffles.
Trowtera, same as Trousers.
Troy, Troy-weight, troi'-wat, n. the weight used by Trulxm, Truly. See under True.
goldsmtths and jewellers, [a corr. of Fr. (iivre, Trumpery,
ful or
trump'er-i, n., deceit; falsehood ; boast
empty talk ; things of no value ; trifles.
pound) ifoctroi, of authorityoctroi (L. auctor- adj. worthless.
tsas, authority), orig. anything authorised, then to deceive, old Sp. [Fr. tromperieFr. trvmper,
trampar, to whip a top, to
a tax, the weight used in levying it] deceive, as if to turn roundtromba, a top,]
Truant, trSo'ant, *. lit a wanderer or outcast: Trump, trump, n., a trumpet. [Ice. trvtnba, a
an idler ; a boy who, idly or without excuse, ab drum, Ger. trompf, Fr. tromfe, It. tromba, alda
sents himself from school.adj. wandering from to L. tubal from the sound.]
duty; loitering; idle. [Fr. truand, W. truan, trumpet, trump'et, n. a wind instrument of music
wretched ; Bret truant, vagabond ; GaeL tru- used chiefly in war and in military music.v.t. to
aghan, a poor, wretched creature.]
True*, troTSs, n. lit a true agreement; a temporary publish by trumpet; to proclaim; to sound the
praises of :pr.p. trump'eting ; pa.p. trump'eted.
ceasing of hostilities between two armies or be [Fr. trompette. It. trombetta.]
tween states: cessation, [old E. trewsA.S. trumpeter, trump'et-er,
treow, Ger. treue, true, faithful ; old Ger. trrvoa, trumpet : one who proclaims,onepraises, who sounds a
or denoun
faith, compact See True.] ces : a kind of pigeon.
Track, truk, v.t., to exchange or barter.v.i. to trumpet-nah, trump'et-fish, n. a sea-fish so named
traffic by exchange:pr.p. truck'ing ; pa.p. from its trumpet-like 05 tubular muzzle.
trucked'.n. exchange of goods; barter. [Fr.
troquer, Sp. trocar, pcrh. a corruption of L. trumpet-tongued, trump'et-tungd, adj., having a
voice or tongue loud as a trumpet.
trans, across or over, and vicis, change.]
truckage, truk'aj, n., the practice of exchanging wins ; one of the lit.
Trump, trump, n. the card that triumphs or
suits of cards which takes any
or barterine goods. other.v.i. to play a trump card.v.t. to play
truck!*, truk 1, v.i. to yield to_ the demands of a trump card upon:Pr.p. trumping; fa-f.
another in trucking or bartering : to yield ser trumped', [from Triumph.]
vilely to another; to submit meanly :pr.p. Truncate, Truncheon, &C. See under Trunk.
trucklinl; Pa.p. truckled.n. truckler.
Truck, truk, n. lit. a runner, a wheel ; a low, Trundle, trun'dl, ., anything round; a wheel; a
truck.v.t. to roll, as on wheels.p.*. to roll:
wheeled vehicle for heavy articles ; a small Pr.p. trun'dling ; pa.p. trun'dled. [A.S. tryndel,
wooden cap at the top of a mast or flag-staff. trendel, a circle, W, iron ; prob. akin to Turn.]
IGr. trochostrechd, to run.)
truckage, truk'aj, ., clrnrge for carrying articles trundle-bed,
trundles
trun'dl-bed, n., a bed moving en
or low wheels ; a truckle-bed.
on a truck. Trunk, trungk, n. the stem of a tree ; the body of
truckle, trukl, a small wheel or castor.
truckle-bed, trukl-bed, n, a low bed that runs on an animalapart from the limbs ; the mam body
of anything : anything long and hollow ; the pro
truckles or wheels. boscis of an elephant ; the shaft of a column : a
Truculent, trOO'kfl-lent, adj., very wild or fierce; chest forclothes. [Fr. tronct L. truncus, the stem,
barbarous ; cruel ; destructive.adv. tru'culently. the body.]
n. tru'culence. [L. truculentustrux, wild, trunked, trungkt, adj., having a trunk.
fierce ; akin to Sans, druh, to hurt or injure.]
Trudge, tmj, v.i. to travel on foot ; to travel with trunk-hose, trungk'-hOz, n. large hose or breeches
labour or effort ; to march heavily on '.pr.p. orformerly body
worn over the lower part of the trunk
and the upper part of the legs.
trudg'ing ; pa.p. trudged', [allied to Tread.] trunk-Use, trungk'-lln, ., the trunk or main line
True, trOO, adj., Jtxed; established ; certain : of a railway, canal, &c
trusty ; honest ; faithful : worthy of belief or con truncate, trungk at, v.t. lit. to make a mere trunk
fidence ; according to reality; genuine: exact; of; to cut off ; to maim :Pr. truncating :
straight; right: rightful.n. trus'aen. [A.S. Pa.p. truncated.. truncation. [L. trunco,
treowe, Ger. treutrauen, to trust ; Sans. aturntruncus.]
dhruna, fixed, firmdhru, to stand firm. See truncheon, tnin'shun, n. lit. a piece of wood cut off;
Trust.] a short staff; a cudgel; a baton or staff of
truism, troT/irm, n., a plain or self-evident truth. authority.v.t. to beat with a truncheon ;
truly, trOO'li, adv., according to truth; in fact or to cudgel :pr.p. trun'cheoning ; Pa.p, trun'-
reality; exactly; justly: faithfully; sincerely; cheoned. [Fr. troncontronc.]
honestly. trunnion, trun'yun, n., the stumps or knobs on
truth, trOOth, ., t/tat which is true, fixed, or cer- each side of a gun, on which it rests on the
fate, far; me, her; mine; mOtc; mute; moon ; Men,
554
 Truss
carriage. [Fr. irognon, a stalk. It. fronton*, a
stump L. truncus. ]
Tnm, trus, Ji. lit. that which is tied or fastened ;
a bundle ; timbers fastened together for support
ing a roof : in ships, the rope or iron for keeping
the lower yard to the mast : in med., a bandage
used in ruptures.v.t. to bind up; to pack dose;
to furnish with a truss :pr.p. truss ing; /<*./.
trussed'. [Fr. troussetrousser, old Fr. trossrr,
toner, to pack, It. torciare, to twist, to tie fast,
L. torgueo, torguere, to twist.]
Trait, trust, n. confidence in the truth of anything ;
a resting on the integrity, friendship, &c. of
another ; faith; hope : credit (esp. sale on credit
or on promise to pay) : he or that which is the
ground of confidence : that which is given or re
ceived in confidence ; charge : in taw, an estate
managed for another. adj., held in trust,v.t.
to place trust in ; to believe : to give credit to;
to sell upon credit : to commit to the care of.
v.t.to be confident, or confiding :pr.p. trusting ;
f<i f>. trust'ed.n. trust'er. lice, traust, firm,
steady,Goth./raitr/V, security : from root ofTrue.]
trustee, irus-t6', one to wAotn anything is in
trusted ; one to whom the management of a pro
perty is committed in trust.n. trustee'shlp.
trustful, trust'fool, adj., full of trust; trusting:
worthy of trust; faithful.adv. trait fully.n.
tnut fainms.
trustworthy, trust'wur-Mi, adj., worthy oftrust or
confidence ; trusty.. trustworthiness
trusty, trust'!, adj. (comp. trust ier, superL trust'lest),
that may be trusted; deserving confidence ;
honest; strong; firm.adv. trust ily.n. trust -
lnets.
Truth, &c. See under True.
Try, trl, v.t. lit. to grind or rub, as in thrashing ; to
test : to sift ; to prove by experiment ; to purify :
to examine judicially : to examine carefully : to
experience: to attempt.v.i. to endeavour; to
make an effort :/r./. trying ; pa.p. tried itrld).
m, trl'ar. [Fr. trier, to pick, It. triare, tritare,
to grind, L. ttro, trit/tm, to nib, to thrash and
cleanse grain. See Trite.]
trying, Irving, adj., making- trial or proof of:
adapted to try; searching ; severe.
trial, trfal, ., the act of trying; examination by
a test : the state of being tried ; suffering ;
temptation : judicial examination ; attempt.
try-sail, trf-sal, n. a small fore-and-aft sail tried
when the wind is too high for the ordinary canvas.
Tub, tub, . a vessel to be borne with two hands ;
a vessel made of staves and hoops ; a small cask ;
anything like a tub: the quantity a tub holds,
[low Ger. tubbe, Ger. zuber, old Ger. zwi/ar
xwi, two, and beran, to bear.]
tubby, tub'i, adj., sounding like an empty tub;
dull ; wanting elasticity of sound.
Tubs, tub, h. a pipe ; a long, hollow cylinder for
the conveyance of fluids, &c. ; a canal.v.t. to
furnish with a tube :pr.p. tQb'ing ; j>a./.
tubed'. (Fr. ; L. tubus.)
tubing, tOb'ing, n., a length of tube; tubes col
lectively ; materials for tubes.
tubule, tQb'Ol, . , a smalt tube or pipe. [L. tu&ulus,
dim. of tubus.]
tubular, tub'u-lar, adj., having the form of a tube
or pipe ; consisting of a tube or pipe.
tabulated, tub'u-lat-ed, tubuleua, tub'u-lus, adj., hav
ing the form of a tube or pipe ; having a small
tube ; containing or composed of small tubes.
ate, far ; m, her ; mine ;
tumult
Tuber, tu'ber, n., a swelling; a knob in roots; a
rounded, fleshy, underground root, as the potato.
[L., from tumeo, to swell. J
tuberous, tG'ber-us, tuberose, tu'ber-os, adj., having,
or consisting oftubers ; knobbed.
tubercle, tfl'ber-kl, n., a small tuber or swelling : a
pimple : a small knob on leaves : a small mass
of diseased matter frequently found in the lungs.
[L. tuberculum, dim. of tuber.)
tubercled, tfl'ber-kld, adj., having tubercles.
tubercular, tu-ber'kfl-lar, tuberculous, tu-b "
adj., pertaining to tubercles; having or full <
tubercles or knobs ; pimpled ; affected with
or caused by tubercles.
Tuck, tuk, v.t., to draw or press in or together ; to
fold under ; to gather up: to enclose by pressing
clothes closely around :pr.f, tuck'ing ; /a.p.
tucked'.. a horizontal fold in a garment, [low
Ger. tucken, Ger. zucken, to draw in, to shrug.]
tucker, tuk'er, n. a piece of cloth tucked or drawn
over the bosom, worn by women and children.
Tuesday, tur'da, n. lit. the day of Tui, the Saxon
god of war; the third day of the week. [A.S.
Tuies dseg Tui, Goth. Tius, old Ger. Zio, the
. god of war, and dag, day.]
Tuft, tuft, n. lit. a top ; a number of small things
in a knot : a cluster : a dense head of flowers.
v.t. to separate into tufts ; to adom with tufts :
pr.p. tuft mg ; pap. tutVed. [Fr. touffe;W. twff;
Ger. zopf See Top.]
Tug, tug, v.t., to pull with effort; to drag alon^.
v.L to pull with great effort '.pr.p. tugg ing;
pa.p. tugged'.. a strong pull: a steam-vessel
for towing ships. [A.S. teogan ; Ice. toga; Ice.
tog, Ger, zug, a pull ; akin to Tow.]
Tuition, tu-ish'un, n. lit. a looking to, taking care
of; care over a young person : teaching. [L.
tuitiotutor, tuitus, to see, to look to.]
Tulip, tu'lip, n. a bulbous plant with beautiful
flowers like a turban. [Fr. tulipe; Ger. tulpg;
Butch, tulp; from Pers. dulbend, a turban.]
Tumble, tum'bl, v.i., tofall; to come dc wn sudden
ly and violently : to roll ; to twist the body, as a
mountebank.v.t. to throw headlong; to turn
over ; to throw about while examining :pr.p.
tum'bling ; Pa.p. tum'bled.n. act of tumbling;
a fall ; a rolling over. [A.S. tumbian, Fr. torn-
ber, It. tombolare, Ice. tumba, to fall.]
tumbler, tum'blcr, ., one who tumbles: a large
drinking-glass, so called because formerly having
a pointed base it could not be set down without
tumbling: a domestic pigeon, so called from its
tumbling on the wing.
tumbrel, turn brel; n., a tumble-cart, orig. for
dung ; a cart with two wheels for conveying the
tools of pioneers, artillery stores, &c. (old Fr.
tomberel; Fr. tombereautomber, to fall, be
cause the body of tho cart could be upturned
without unyoking.]
Tumefy. tO'mc-fl, v.t. to raise into a tumour, to
cause to swell.v.i. to swell ; to rise in a tumour :
pr.p. tfl'mefying; pa.p. tQ'mefTed. [L. tume-
faciotumeo, to swell, andfacio, to make.]
tumefaction, tu-me-fak'shun, n., act of tumefying;
tumour ; swelling.
tumid, tQ'mid, adj., swelled or enlarged : i
falsely sublime; bombasticadv. tumidly.n.
tumidness. [L. tumidustumeo.)
tumor, tumour, tfl'mor, *., a diseased swelling of
any part of the body. [L.]
tumult, tumult, n. lit a swelling, like the waves :
 tumultuary
excitement : uproar of a multitude ; violent agita
tionwith confused sounds. [L. tumultustumeo.]
tumultuary, tu-mul'tu-ar-i, tumultuoui, tfl-mul'tu-us,
adj., full of tumult or confusion; disorderly:
agitated; noisy.adv. tumul'tuously.n. tumul'-
tuousneas.
tumulus, tfi'mu-lus, n. lit. something swelling: uf;
a mound of earth over a grave. [L.tumeo.}
tumolax, tu'mfl-lar, aiij.,formed in a /tea/; consist
ing in a heap,
tumulous, tQ'mQ-Ius, adj.,fullofmoundsorhillocks.
Ton, tun, n., a large cask ; a measure = a pipes, 4
hogsheads, or 35a gallons, [same as Ton.]
Tone, ton, n. lit tone; sound: in music, a melo
dious succession of notes or chords in a particular
key ; the relation of notes and intervals to each
other causing melody : state of giving the proper
sound: harmony; order.v.t. to cause to produce
the proper sounds.V.i. to form one sound to
another :pr.p. tQn'ing ; pa.p. tuned', [same as
Tone.]
tuneful, tun'fool, adj., full of tune or harmony ;
melodious; musical.adv. tune'fully.
toneless, tunics, adj., without tune or melody ; un-
harmonious; unmusical.
tuner, tuner, n. , one who tunes musical instruments.
Tungsten, tung'stcn, n. lit. heavy stone; a very
heavy metal [Gcr. tungstein, Sw. tungsten
Sw. tung, heavy, and sten, Ger. stein, stone.]
Tunic, tu'nik, n. in ancient Rome, an undcr-gar-
ment worn by both sexes ; in R. C. Churchf a
long under-garment worn by the officiating
clergy : a loose frock worn by females and boys :
in anat., a membrane that covers some organ:
in bot., a covering. (Fr. funioue, L. tunica,} _
tunicate, tu'nik-:U, tunlcated, tunik-at-ed, adj. in
Sot, covered with a tunic or with layers.
tunlcle, tu'ni-kl, n., a little tunic; a kind of long
robe. [L. tunicula, dim. of tunica, a tunic]
Tunnel, tun'el, n. a hollow vessel for conveying
liquors into bottles, &c, a funnel : a passage cut
through a hill or under a river, &cv.t. to
make a passage through : to hollow out :pr.p.
tunn'elling ; pa.p. tunn'elled. [from Tun ; Fr.
tonneUe, dim. of tonne, a tun.]
Tunny, tun'i, n. lit. the dartingfish ; a very large
fish of the mackerel family. [L. thunnus, Gr.
thynnos, thynosthynd, to dart or rush along.]
Turban, tur'ban, n. lit. a double fold of cloth ; a
head-covering worn by eastern nations{ consist
ing of a cap with a sash wound round it : a cir
cularhead-dressworn by ladies : thewhole whorls
of a shell, [old E. turband, tulibant. It tur-
bante; from Pers. dulbanddulal, double (du,
two, lat, a fold), and band, a band.]
turbsned, turcand, adj., wearing a turban.
Turbid, turTrid, adj. lit. thrown into confusion, like
a crowd; disordered : having the sediment dis
turbed ; muddy ; thick. [L. turbidusturba,
tumult, a crowd.]adv. tur bidly.n. tur'bldneu.
turbulent, tur'bQ-lcnt, adj., tumultuous, disturbed;
in violent commotion : disposed to disorder ;
restless : producing commotion.adv. turTm-
lently. [L. turbulenlusturba.]
turbulence, tnr'bu-lcns, turbulency, tuVbu-lcn-si, .,
the state or quality ofbeing turbulent; tumult;
disorder. [Fr.L. turbuientiaturbulentus.]
Turbot, turTiot, . a large, flat, round fish es
teemed a dchcacy. [W. torbwt, Fr. turbot ; per
haps from L. turbo, anything round.]
fate, far ; mi, her ; mine ;
536
turnspit
Tureen, tH-ren', same as terreen.
Turf, turf, n. lit a clod or lump ofearth ; the sur
face of land matted with the roots of gross, &c :
a cake of turf cut off; sod: peat : race-ground;
horse-racing.v.t. to cover with turf or sod:
pr.p. turfing; pa.p. turfed'. [A.S. turf Ice.
torf, low X. turba; akin to Gael, tarp, a clod
or lump.]
turfy, turf'i, adj., abounding with, made of, or
covered with turf; having the nature or appear
ance of turf.n. turflness.
Turgent, tur'jent, adj., swelling; rising' into a
tumour: inflated; bombastic.adv. tur/geatlT.
[L. turgens, -cutis, pr.p. of turgeo, to swell.]
turgcicent, tur-jes'ent, adj., swelling; growing big.
[L. turgescens, -entis, pr.p. of turgtscoturgeo.)
turgeecence, tur-jes'ens, turgeecency, tur-jes'en-sa,
state ofbecoming swollen; pomposity ; bombast-
turgid, tuVjid, adj., swollen; extended beyond the
natural size : pompous ; bombastic.adv. tur
gidly.n. tur'gidneu. [L. turgidusturgeo.]
turgidity, tur-jid'i-ti, state of being turgid or
swollen ; tumidness.
Turkey, turTci, ft. a large gallinaceous bird, wild h
America, so called because erroneously supposed
to have come from Turkey.
Turkey-red, turTci-red, n. a fine red dye, obtained
from madder, first produced in Turkey.
Turkey-stone, turTci-stOn, n. a kind of oil-stone
brought from Turkey, and used for hones.
Turmeric, tur'mer-ik, n. the root of an E. Indian
plant, used as a yellow dye, and in curry-powder.
[Fr. terrc-mirite ; low L. trrramcrita, tur
merica.]
Turmoil, turmoil, excessive labour; tumult
[W. trafaeltra, exceeding, and mael, labour.
See Travail.]
turmoil, tur-moil', v.t. to harass with commotion;
to weary.v.i. to be disquieted or in commotion:
pr.p. turmoil'ing ; pa.p. tuxmoiled'.
Turn, turn, v.t. to form in a lathe; to shape : t*
cause to revolve : to reverse : to transfer ; to
employ: to convert.v.i. to whirl round: to
hinge : to depend ; to issue : to take a different
direction or tendency : to be changed : to be
turned in a lathe : to sour : to become giddy: to
be nauseated : to change from ebb to flow or
from flow to ebb : to become inclined in the
other direction :pr.p. turning; Pa.p. turned*.
n. act of turning : new direction, or tendency :
change : a winding ; a bend : form ; manner : op
portunity, occasion : act of kindness or malice.
. tura'er. [A. S. tyman, to turn ; L. temo,
to turn in a latheturnus. Gr. tornos, a lathe.]
turncoat, turn'kot, n., one who turns his coat, that
is, abandons his principles or party.
turnery, turn'er-i, n., art ofturning or of shaping
in a lathe : things made by a turner.
turning, turn'ing, n. a winding : deviation from the
proper course : turnery :pl. chips.
turning-point, turn'ing-point n, the Point on which
a question turns, and which decides the case.
turnkey, turn'kc, n. one who turns the keys in a
prison ; a warder.
turnpike, turn'pik, n. orig. a frame consisting oftwo
cross-bars armed with pikes, and turning on a
post : a gate set across a road to stop those
liable to toll : a turnpike-road.
turnpike-road, tum'pTk-rod, ., a road on which
turnpikes or toll-gates are established.
turnspit, turn'spit, . orig. one who turns a spit : a
mOte; mute; mOOn; Men,
 turnstile Twinkle
person engaged in some menial occupation : a and let go ; to sound with a quick, sharp noise.
dog, formerly employed to turn a spit. v.t. to make to sound with a twang '.pr.p.
tunutlle, turn'stll, . a turning style or frame in a twanging ; Pa.p. twanged', [prov. E. twang, su
footpath which prevents the passage of cattle. quick pull ; old Ger. twanc: from the sound.]
turn-table, tum'-ti-bl, *. same as travene-table. 'Twas, twoz, contr. of it was.
Turnip, tur'nip, ft. a plant having a round, solid Tweak, twk, v.t., to twitch, to pull; to pull with
root used as food, [probably from Turn, from its sudden jerks.. a sharp pinch or twitch. [A. S.
roundness, and A.S. nape ; L. ntifus, turnip.] twiccian, to twitch, to pull ; low Ger. twicken,
Turpentine, tur'pcn-tTn, n. the resinous juice of the Ger. runeken.]
terebinth and other trees. [L. terebintkus, Gr. Tweezen, tweVers, n.sing. nippers; small pincers
terebinthos, the turpentine-tree.] for pulling out hairs, &c. [old E. tweeze, a sur
Turpitude, tur'pi-rOd, ., baseness; extreme de geon's case of instruments ; from Fr. ituis, pi. of
pravity or wickedness ; vilencss of principles 7tui,
and actions. [L. turpitudoturpis, foul, base.] Twelve, atwelv, case, a box,]
Turquoise, turlcoiz and -kez, . a bluish-green counting ten ; adj. lit. two left, that is, after
mineral from Persia, valued as a gem, and so after eleven ; a ten and two.n. the number next
called because first brought from Turkey. [Fr. ; twelftwa, two, andrepresentingfigure twelve. [A. S.
root of Leave.]
Sp. iurquesa, low L. turchesius.] twelfth, twelfth, adj. the last of twelve.n. one of
Turret, tur'et, ft., a small tower on a building and twelveequal parts. [A.S. twelftatwelf, twelve.]
rising above it. (Fr. tourelle, old Fr. tourette, twelfth-day, twclfth'-da, twelfth-tide, -tld, n., the
dim. of tour, a tower. Sec Tower.] tivelfth day after Christmas, the Epiphany.
turreted, tur'et-cd, adj., furnished with turrets; twelvemonth, tweb/munth, ft., twelve months; a
formed like a tower. year.
Turtle, tur'tl, Turtle-dove. tuKtl-duv, ft. a species of Twenty, twen'ti, adj., twice ten; nineteen and one :
an indefinite number.. the number next after
pigeon of a very tender and affectionate disposi
tion. [A.S. turtle, Ger. turtel. It. tortora, nineteen ; a figure representing twenty. [A.S.
twentig, for twantig, from Goth, ttiai, A.S,
tortola, L. turtur; from the sound of its note.]
Turtle, tur'tl, ft. the sea-tortoise, a family of reptiles twegen, two, and Goth, tigus, A.S. tig, ten ; L.
(d) viginti, Sans, vinfati!]
having their back covered by a horny case, the twentieth, twen'ti-eth, adj. the last of twenty.n.
flesh of some of the species being considered a one of twenty equal parts. [A.S. twentigtha.]
great delicacy, [probably a corr. of tortoise.] Twice, twls, adv., two times; once and again:
Tuscan, tuslcan, ad/., of or belonging to Tuscany doubly, [old
in Italy ; denoting one of the five orders of Twig, twig, ft. lit. a twies, E. A.S. twiwatwa, two.]
thin branch, where a thick one
architecture, the oldest and simplest. divides in two ; a small shoot or branch of a tree.
Tuafa, tush, int. pshaw ! be silent ! an exclamation [A.S. twigtwi, twig, two.)
of scorn or impatience. twiggy, twigi, adj. abounding in twigs or shoots.
Taak, tusk, ft. a long, pointed tooth on either side Twilight, twHTt, . lit. the two lights; the faint
ofthe mouth ofcertain rapacious animals. [A.S. light after sunset and before sunrise : an uncertain
tusc, tux, Gael. tosg.\ view.adj. of twilight : faintly illuminated ;
tusked, tusk'd, tuaky, ttisk'i, adj. having tusks. obscure. [A.S. twi, two, and Light.]
Tut, tut, int. an exclamation of check or rebuke. Twill, twil, ft. an appearance of diagonal lines in
cloth, caused by making the weft pass over one
Tutelage, Tutelar. See under Totor.
Tutor, tQ'tor, . {/em. tu'toress), one who looks to, fabricunder
and two or more threads of the warp ; a
or takes care of ; one who has charge of the ~Pr.p.with a twill.v.t. to weave with a twill :
education of another : one who hears the lessons len, to divide into; Pa.p.
twilling twilled', [low Ger. twil-
of and examines students : a teacher.v.t. to Twin, twin, ft. one oftwo.] two born at a birth ; one
instruct ; to treat with authority :/*./. tu'tor- very like another.adj. being one of two born at
ing ; Pa.p. tu'torcd.n. tu'torahlp. [L.tueor, a birth; very like another.v.i. to be born at
tuitus, to look to.] the same birth ; to bring forth two at once : to
tutorage, tu'tor-,ij, ., the office or authority of a be paired or suited '.pr.p. twinning ; Pa.p.
tutor; education, as by a tutor.
tutorial, tu-tO'ri-al, adj., belonging to, or exercised twinned'.
Twins, the
[A.S. twin, doubletwi, two.]The*
constellation Gemini.
by a tutor. [L. tutoriustutor.}
tutelage, tu'tcl-2j, n., guardianship : state ofbeing Twine, twin, v.t. lit. to make two or double; to
under a guardian. [L. tutelatutari, to guard wind, to wind
as two threads together ; to twist together :
about.v.i. to unite closely : to bend;
tueor.] to make turns : to ascend spirally round a sup
tutelar, tfl'tc-Iar, tutelary. tu'te-Iar-i, adj., protect port '.Pr.p. twining ; /n./. twined'.. the act
ing; having the charge of a person or place. of winding round ; a twist : a cord composed
[L. tutelaristutela.] of two or more threads twisted together. [A. S.
Twaddle, twodl, v.i., to tattle or talk in a silly twinantwi, two.]
manner :pr.p. twaddling : Pa.p. twaddled.. Twinge, twinj, v.t., to twitch or pinch; to affect
silly talk.. twaddler, [akin to obs. twaitle,
to talk much and idly, and to Tattle ; Ger. with a sharp, sudden pain.v.i. to have or suffer
a sudden, sharp pain, like a twitch :-~pr.p. twing7-
tchwatzen, to talk or prate.] mK J Pa-P- twinged'.. a twitch ; a pinch : a
Twain, tw"m, ft., two. [old E. twayne, tweyne; sudden, sharp pain, [akin to Twitch, Tweak. ]
A.S. twegen, two. See Two.] Twinkle, twing'kl, v.i. to shine with a tremblings
Twang, twang, ft. a sharp, quick sound, as of a eyes sparkling light ; to sparkle : to open and shut the
tight string when pulled and let go : a nasal tone rapidly ; to quiver .pr.p. twinkling : pa.f.
% of voice.c>. to sound as a tight string pulled twinkled.. twinkler. [A.S. twinclian; Dutch,
fate, far ; me", her ; mine ; mote ; mate ; mOOa ; Men.
537
 twinkle Ulterior
Hntelen, to twinkle, to sparkle ; prov. Ger. zwiti- typify, tipl-fT, v.t., to make a type of: to repre
ken, to twinkle with the eyes.) sent by an image or resemblance: to prefigure:
twinkle, twing'kl, twinkling, twingTding, n. a quick pr.p. typ'ifying: pa.p. typ'ifiecL [L. typus,
motion of the eye ; the time occupied by a wink : type,faciei, to make.)
an instant. typography, tT-pog/raf-it n. orig. the art of repre
Twirl, twerl, V.t., to whirl; to turn round rapidly, senting by types or symbols ; the art of printing
esp. with the Angers.v.i. to turn round rapidly; [Gr. type*, type, graphd, to write.]
typographer, tl-pog'raf-er, n. a printer.
to be whirled round '.Pr.p. twirl ing ; pa.p. typographic,
twirled'.. a whirl ; a rapid circular motion, tl-po-graf'ik, typographical, -al, adj.,
[formed from Whirl. ] pertaining to typography or printing.ads.
TwUt, twist, v.t., to twine; to unite or form by typographically.
winding together; to form from several threads: Typhtu, tl'fus, n. lit smoke; stupor arising; fros
to encircle with something; to wreathe: to wind fever ; a kind of continued fever, with z
spirally : to turn from the true form or meaning ; weakness of the system, [low L.Gr. ,
to insinuate. v.i. to be united by winding.n., smokertyphd, to smoke.]
that which is twisted; a cord : a single thread : typhoid, tT'foid, adj. , pertaining to, or like t
manner of twisting. [A.S. twist, cloth of double [Gr. typhddistyphos, and etdos, like;
threadtwi, two; Dutch, twisten, to twine.] typhous, tl'fus, adj., relating to typhus.
twister, twisr/er, n., one who, or that which twists. Typhoon, tl-fOon', n. lit. a violent whirlwind that
Twit, twit, v.t. lit. to know something against; to whirls up clouds of dust ; a violent hurricane
remind ofsome fault, &c :Pr.p. twitt'mg ; Pa.p. which occurs in the Chinese seas. [L. typkon,
twitt'ed. [A.S. eetwitan, to reproachat, Gr. typhdn, typhds, probably so called be
against, witan, Scot wyte, to blame, to know.] thought to be the work of Typhon, a.
Twitch, twich, v.t. to pull with a sudden jerk: to giant.]
pluck ; to snatch :pr.p. twitch'ing ; pa.p. Typlc, Typify, Typography. See under Type.
twitched (twicht).n. a sudden, quick pull : a
quick contraction of the muscles. n. twitch'er. Tyraat, tT'rant, n. lit a master or ruler; orig. :
solute monarch : one who uses his power o]
[A.S. twiccian, to pluck.)
Twitter, twit'er, n. a tremulous broken sound : a Doric for[oldkoiranoskuros.
sively. E. tyran, old Fr. tyrant,Gr. tyrnnxm.
slight trembling of the nerves.v.i. to make a tyrannic, tl-ran'ik, tyrannical,kurios, a lord, master.}
-al, tyrannous, tir'an-
succession of small tremulous noises: to feel a us, adj., pertaining to, or suiting a tyrant; un
slight trembling of the nerves :Pr.p. twin'er- justly severe : imperious ; despotic.advs. tyraa-
ing : Pn.p. twitt'ered. [Ger. twiitem, Dutch, n'lcally, tyr'annouly.
kwetteren: a form of Titter, from the sound.] tyrannise. uVan-Ii, v.i., to act as a tyrant ; to rule
twittering, twit'er-ing, act of twittering; the with oppressive severity :P?*p. tyrannising ;
sound of twittering : nervous excitement. Pa.p. tyrannised. |Gr. tyrannizdtyrannat\
Twittingly. See under Twit. tyranny, tir'an-i, ., the government or authority 0/
Two, too, adj. one and one.. the sum of one and a tyrant; absolute monarchy cruelly adminis
one ; a figure representing two. (A. S. twa, twi, tered : oppression ; cruelty.
Goth, tvai, L. and Gr. dud. Sans, dvi.] Tyrlan, tiKi-an, adj. being of a deep pnrple C
two-edged, toTJ'-ejd, adj., having two edges. like the dye formerly prepared at f'yre.
twofold, toT/fold, adj.,folded twice; multiplied by Tyro, tVro, n, lit. a recruit, a beginner; one k
two: double. adv. doubly. any art : one not well acquainted with a subject
Tycoon, tl-koTjn', . the political sovereign ofJapan. [L. tiro.}
[Japanese. ]
Tympanum, tim'pan-um, n. lit. thai which is beat,
a drum: in mutt., the hollow part of the ear:
in arch., the triangular space between sloping
and horizontal cornices, or in the corners or sides Ubiquity, O-bik'wi-ti, n., existence 1
of an arch : the panel of a door. [L. ; Gr. tym- the same time: omnipresence. [Fr. 1
L. ubiqtte, everywhere.]
panon, typanontyptd, to strike.]
tympanal, tim'pan-al, tympanic, \\m-v*n\\i, adj., like ubiquitous, u-bik'wi-tus, adj..
Udder, ud'er, n. the breast of a female (esp. of a
a drum ; pertaining to the tympanum.
Type, tip, n. a mark or figure struck or stamped lower animal). [A.S. utier, Ger. enter, ll uter,
upon something ; the mark of something : an Gr. outhar. Sans. Odltar, udaiu]
emblem or symbol; a figure of something to Ugly, ugli, adj. {eomp. uglier, tmpert, nglleaV,
come : a raised letter, &c. in metal or wood used frightful ; offensive to the eye ; deformed ; hate
in printing; the whole types used in printing: ful : iH-natured. n. og tinsee. [old K. ugseme,
a model in nature made the subject of a copy: ugtik, frightful : A S. oga, dread, oglic, dreadful;
in nnt. hist., that which combines best the char Ice. ugn, to fear, uggligr, frightful; perh. conn,
acteristics of a group: in med., the order in with ugh t an exclamation ofdisgust]
which the symptoms of a disease exhibit them Ulcer, ul ser, n. tit a wound; a dangerous sore,
selves. [Fr. ; L. typns, Gr. typostyptd, to strike.] discharging matter. I Fr. ul< err, L. uUmr, ulceris,
typefounder, tip'found-er, n. one who founds or Gr. helkos, a wound.]
casts printers' type. ulcerate. ul'ser-at, v.i., to be formed into ast nicer.
type-metal, tTp'-uiet-al, n., metal used for making v.t. to affect with an ulcer or ulcers :~~pr.p.
types, a compound of lead and antimony. ul cerating ; pa p. ul'cerated. [L. ulcero, -atum.}
typlc, tip'ik, typical, tipik-al, adj., pertaining to ulceration, ul-ser-a'shun, ., process offorminginto
or con>tituting a type; emblematic; figurative: an ulcer; an ulcer. [L. ulceratio.]
in nut. hist , combining the characteristics of a ulcerou, ul'ser-us, atlj. , ofthe nature ofan ulcer.
group.adv. typically. [Gr. typikostypos.] Ulterior, ul-16'ri-or, adj., on the further side; be
538 fate, far; me, her; mine; mote ; mute; mOf)n ; then.

Words In un not found btlow an to be
yond ; ther ; remoter. [L. ulterior^ cornp. of
beyond or on the other side.)
ultimate, ul'ti-mat, adj. , furthest ; last: incapable
offurther division.adv. ul'tlmately. LL. ultimus,
the last, superL of uller.)
ultimatorn, ul-ti-ma'tum, n., the last or final pro
position or terms for a treaty.
Ultramarine, ul-tra-ma-rCn', adj. situated beyond the
sea.n. the most beautiful and durable sky-blue
colour, so called either from its intense blue, or
from the lapis lazuli, from which it is made,
being beyond,
brought andfromMarine
Asia, beyond tlu sea. [L.
ultra, ] Unbind, un-DTnd', v.t., to remove a bandfrom; to>
Ultramontane, ul-tra-mon tin, adj., being beyond
the mountains, i.e. the Alps ; orig. used in Italy,
hence foreign, barbarian ; then applied to the
Italians, hence holding or denoting extreme
views as to the Pope's rights and supremacy.
(L. ultra, beyond, montanns, belonging to a
mountainmans, mantis, a mountain.]
tUtramontanism, ul-tra-mon'tan-izm, n. , ultramon
tane or extreme views as to the Pope's rights,
ultramontanlst, ul-tra-mon'tan-ist, n.t one tuko holds
to ultramontanism.
Ultramundane, ul-tra-mun'dan, adj. being beyond
the world, or beyond the limits of our system. [L.
ultra, beyond, and Mundane.]
Umbel, um'bet, n. lit. a tittle shade; a form of flower
in which a number of stalks, each bearing a
flower, radiate from one centre. [L. umbeila,
a little shade, dim. of umbra, a shade.]
umbelliferous, um-bel-Uf'er-us, adj., bearing or pro
ducing umbels. [L. umbella, andfero, to bear.]
Umblllc, um-bil'ik, Umbiiic.il, um-bil'ik-al, adj., per
taining to the navel. [L. umbilicus, (Jr. om
phalos, the navel, the centre.]
um'bnlj, . lit. shade; a screen of trees:
on of injury: offence. [L. umbra.\
i, um-nnij'us, adj., shady or forming a
shade.adv. umbra'geouily.n. umbra'geousneaa.
[Fr. ombragenx, L. umbratiensumbra.]
umbrella, um-brel'a, . lit. a little shatte ; a screen
carried in the hand to protect from rain or sun
shine. [It. ombrelta, L. umbellaumbra.}
Umpire, um'pTr, n. a third person called in to decide
a dispute or to tell whether two things are equal
or not ; an arbitrator, [old E. impier, ttompeir;
old Fr. nompairh. non or in, not, and par,
equal.]
Unaccountable, un-ak-kounta-bl, adj., not account
able or to be accounted for ; not responsible.
adv. unaccountably, inexplicably.
Unadvised, un-ad-vlzd', adj., not advised: not
prudent or discreet ; rash.adv. unadvis edly.
Unanimous, u-nan'i-mus, adj., ofone mind ; agree
ing in opinion or will ; done with the agreement
ofall.adv. unanimously. [L. unanimusunus,
one, and animus, mind.]
unanimity, u-na-nim'i-ti, ., state qf being unani
mous. [L. unanimitas.]
Unassuming, un-as-sum'ing, adj., not
not forward or arrogant ; modest.
Unavailing, iin-a-vil'ing, adj., not availing or of no
avail or. effect ; useless.
Unaware, un-a-wur*, Unawares, un-a-wilrz', adv.,
without being or making aware ; suddenly ;
unexpectedly.
Unbar, un-bar', v.t., to remove a bar or hmderance;
to unfasten ; to open.
Unbelief, un-be-leT, ., want of belie/; disbelief,
especially in revelation.
fate, far; mi, her; mine ;
Unction
f, or want of, to too sun;
unbeliever, un-be-leVer, n., one who does not believe,
esp. in divine revelation ; an incredulous person.
unbelieving, un-be-lcVing, adj., not believing, csp.
divine revelation.
Unbend, un-bend', v.t., tofreefrom being in a bent
state ; to make straight : to free from strain or
exertion ; to set at ease.
unbending, un-bend'ing, adj., not bending; unyield
ing ; resolute.adv. unbendingly.
Unblu, un-bT'as, v.t., tofreefrom bias or prejudice.
unbiassed, un-bfast, adj.,free front bias or preju
dice ; impartial.
loose ; to set free.
Unblushing, un-blush'ing, adj., not blushing: with
out shame ; impudent.adv. unbluabingiy.
Unbolt, un-boit', v.t., to remove a bolt from; to
open.
Unboot, un-bOoV, v.t., to take the boots off.
Unbosom, un-bOo'rum, v.t., to disclose what is in
the bosom or mind ; to tell freely.
Unbound, un-bound', adj., not bound; loose ; want
ing a cover.
Unbounded, un-bound'cd, adj., not bounded or lim
ited ; boundless ; having no check or control.
Unbrace, un-bras', v.t., to undo the braces or bands
of; to loose or relax.
Unbridled, un-brfdld, adj. lit. loosed from the
bridle; unrestrained; licentious.
Unbuckle, un-bukl, v.t., to loose from buckles ; to
unfasten.
Unburden, un-bur'dn, Unburthen, un-btirVAn, v.t.,
to take a burden off; to free the mind from any
weight or anxiety.
Unbutton, un-but/on, v.t. , to loose the buttons of.
Uncage, un-kfij, v.t., to setfreefrom a cage.
Uncase, un-kaV, v.t., to take out ofa case ; to free
from a covering.
Unchain, un-chun', v.t., to free from chains or
slavery.
Unchurch, un-church', v.t. lit. to expel from a
church ; to deprive of the rights of a church.
Unclrcumcislon, un-ser-kum-sizh'un, n., want ofcir
cumcision : in B., those who are not circumcised.
Unclasp, un-klasp', v./., to loose the clasp of.
Undo, ung'kL n. the brother of one's father or
mother. [ Fr. oncleL. avunculus, dim. of avus,
a grandfather.]
Unclean, un-klCn', adj., not clean ; foul : in B.
ceremonially impure: sinful; lewd.
Uncloak, un-kiok', v.t. and v.L, to toko the cloak
off.
Unclose, un-kloY, v.t., to make not close, to open,
unclosed, un-klozd', adj., open.
Unclothe, un-kloM', v.t., to take tko clothes off; to
make naked.
Uncoil, un-koil', v.t. to open out from being
coiled; to unwind.
Unconstitutional, uit-kon-sti-tQ'shun-al, adj.( not
constitutional ; contrary to the constitution.
adv. unconstitu tionally.
Uncouple, un-kup'l, v.t., to loosefrombeingcoupled;
to disjoin ; to set loose.
Uncouth, un-kGoth', adj. lit. unknown; unfamiliar:
odd; awkward. adv. uncouth'ly.n. uncouth'-
nesa. [A.S. uncudhun, not, and cudh, for
gecudh, knowncunnan, to know.]
Uncover, un-kuv'er, v.t., to remove the cover; to
lay open.v.L to take off the hat.
Unction, ung'shun, ., act ofanointing: that which
is used for anointing : ointment ; that Quality in
language which raises emotion or devotion ;
mote ; mute ; mOon; then. 570
 unctuous Unfurl
Words In un not found below an to be explained by prefixing not, or want of to the
warmth of address : divine or sanctifying grace. of; to know thoroughly ; to be informed of; to
[L. unctioungo, uncium, to anoint.] learn ; to suppose to mean : to mean without ex
mctuous, ung'tO-us, adj., oily; greasy, pressing ; to imply.v.i. to have the use of the
inctuosity, ungt-Q-os'i-ti, state or quality of intellectual faculties ; to be informed ; to learn.
being unctuous; oiliness; greasiness. understand'ed, in Prayer-Book, used for understood,
Uncurl, un-kurl', v.t., to loose from curls or ring understanding, un-der-standing, ., the ef
lets.v.i. to fall from a curled state. understanding; the faculty, or the act of the
Undated, un'dat-ed, adj., waved or wavy; rising mind by which it understands or thinks : the
and falling in waves. [L. undatus, pa.p. of prehension power to understand ; knowledge ; exact com
undo, to rise in wavesundo, a wave.] : agreement of minds ; harmony. in
B., adj. knowing, skilful.
Undeceive, un-de-seV, v.t., to free from deception understands', [uaderstandest.
or mistake. in Scot. Vers, of Psalms, used for
Under, un'der, Prep, in a lower position than ; be Understate, un-der-staY, v.t., to state or represent
under or below the truth.
neath ; below : less than : in subjection, subor Undertake,
dination, oppression, liability, &c. : during the management ; to take upon one's under
un-der-tak', v.t. to take one's
time of; undergoing.adv. in a lower degree or tempt.v.i. to take upon one's self; toselfbe; 1 to at
condition; in subjection; below; less.adj.
lower in position, rank, or degree ; subject ; sub undertaker, un-der-ULk'er, ., one t
one who manages funerals.
ordinate. [A.S. under; Goth, undar; Ice. undir; undertaking,
Ger. unter ; conn, with L. inter, Sans, antar, taken; anyun-der-tak'ing, n., tkativhick i
business or project engae
among, within, and perhaps with In.]
Underbred, un'der-bred, adj., of lower breeding Undervalue, un-der-val'u, v.t.,under
Undertone, un'der-ton, n., an orl
to value i
or manners. [Under, and Breed.]
Undercurrent, un'der-kur-rcnt, ., a current under worth ; to esteem lightly.n. a value or price
under the real worth ; low rate or price.
the surface of the water.
Underdone, un-dcr-dun'f adj., done under the mark undervaluation, un-der-val-fi-ii'shun, .
undervaluing; rate below the worth. act ef
or less than is requisite. Underwent, un-der-went*, pa.t. of Undergo.
Underdraw, un'dcr-dran, n., a drain under the Underwood, un'der-wood, n. small wood or trees
surface of the ground. growing under large ones.
Undergird, un-der-gird', v.i., to gird or bind under Underwrite, un-der-nt', v.t., to write under some
or below ; to gird round the bottom. thing else ; to subscribe : to subscribe one's>
Undergo, un-der-g5', v.t. lit. to go under or be sub name to for insurance.v.i. to practise insuring.
jected to ; to endure or suffer ; to pass through ; underwriter, un'der-rlt-er, . one who insures, as
to sustain without sinking.
Undergraduate, un-der-grad'Q-at, n. a student under name to the conditions of thehepolicy.
shipping, so called because underwrites his
agraduate, or who has not taken his first degree. Undo, un-d50', V.t., to reverse what has been dene;
Underground, un'der-ground, adj. and adv., under to bring to naught : to loose ; to open ; to un
the surface of the ground. ravel : to impoverish ; to ruin, as in n
Undergrowth, un'der-grOth, n. shrubs or low woody undoing, un-doAng, the reversal of \
plants growing under or among trees.
Underhand, un'der-hand, adj. and adv. lit. done undone,donebeen : ruin.
with the hand underneath, secretly ; by secret Undress, un-dun', un-dres*.
adj., not done ; ruined.
v.t., to take off the dress or
means ; by fraud. clothes ; to strip.undress, un'dres, n. a loose
Underlay, un-der-la', v.t., to lay under, or support dress ; dress worn by soldiers when off duty.
by something laid under.
Underlie, un-der-ll*, v.i., to lie under or beneath. Undulate, un'dQ-lat, v.t., to wave, or to move like
Underline, un-der-lln', v.t. to draw a line under or waves; to cause to vibrate.v.i. to wave; to
below, as a word. (person or agent. vibrate :~Pr.p. un'dQliting; Pa.p. un'dulated.
Underling, un'der-ling, n. an under or inferior [low L. undulo, -atumunda, a wave.]
Undermine, un-der-mln', v.t. to form mines under, undulation, un-du-l5'shun, act ofu
in order to destroy ; to destroy the foundation waving motion or vibration.
or support of anything secretly. undulatory, un'dfl-la-tor-i, adj., marring like waves.
Undermost, un'der-mOst, adj., most under ox lowest Unduly, un-dfl'li, adv., in an undue manner; not
in place or condition. according to duty or propriety ; improperly.
Underneath, un-der-nSth', adv., beneath; below ; in Unearth, un-erth', v.t., to take out of, drive, or
a lower place.prep, under; beneath. [Under, draw from the earth or a burrow ; to uncover.
and A.S. neothajt, beneath.] Uneasy, un-ez'i, adj. orig. not easy; not at ease;
Underplot, un'der-plot, n. aplot under or subordin restless ; feeling pain : constrained, stiff.
ate to the main plot in a play or talc ; a secret uneasiness, un-fizi-nes, n., state ofbeing uneasy or
not at case
Underprop, un-der-prop', v.t., to prop from under Unevenness, un-eVn-nes, ; want of ease ; disquiet.
., quality of being not
or beneath ; to support.
Underrate, un-der-rSt', v.t., to rateunder the value. even;ness or
want ofan even surface ; want of smooth
uniformity. [ing j to unfix.
n. underrate, a price less than the worth.
Undersell, un-der-sel , v.t., to sell under or cheaper Unfasten,
Unfetter,
un-fas'n, v.t. to loose, as from a fasten-
un-fct'er, v.t., to take the fetters from;
than another. to set at liberty.
Underset, un-d6r-ser/, v.t., to set under; to prop. Unfix, un-fiks', v.t., to make not fixed; to loose
. undersett'er, in B., prop, support. the fixing of ; to unsettle.
Undersign, un-der-sTn', v.t., to sign or write one's Unfold, un-fold', v.t., to open thefolds of; to release
name under or at the foot of. from a fold ; to spread out ; to tell.
Understand, un-der-stand' v.t. lit. to stand under, Unfurl, un-furl', v.t. to loose from beingfurled;
to support ; to comprehend ; to have just ideas to unfold ; to spread.
fate, fir; me, her; mine: mOte; mute; mGon; Men.
 Ungainly Unsay
Word! In un not found below an to be explained by prefixing not, or ivant of, to the simple word.
Ungainly, un-giinli, adj. lit. of no effect; vain; universality, G-ni-vcr*s.il'i-ti, n., state or quality of
clumsy; uncouth.n. ungaln'llnesm, [old E. being universal.
gain: A.S. ungorgne, ungengne, of no effect, universalism, G-ni-ver'sal-izm, w., the doctrine or
vainun, not, aadgenge, strong.] belief of universal salvation, or the ultimate
Ungird, un-gird', v.t., tofreefrom agirdle or band; salvation of all mankind.n. univer sailst, a
to unbind. believer in universalism.
Unguent, ung'gwent, n., ointment. [L. unguentum universe, G'ni-vers, *., the universal or whole sys
tem of created things ; all created things viewed
ungo, to anoint.J as one whole; the world. [L. umversum
Unhand, un-hand', v.t., to take the hands iff; to let unus, one, verto, versum, to turn.]
go.
Unharness, un-har'nes, v.t., to take the harness off; university, G-ni-ver'si-ti, n. lit. the ivhMe; orig. any
communityor association ; a school for all classes ;
to disarm.
Unhinge, un-hinj', v.t., to takefrom the hinges; to aforcorporation
teaching
ofteachers or assemblage ofcolleges
the higher branches of learning, and
render unstable. having power to confer degrees. [L. universitas,
Unhook, un-h5oV, v.t. to loosefrom a hook. a corporationuniversus.)
Unhorse, un-hors', v.t.% to cause to come off, or to nnlvocal, Q-niv'o-kal, adj., having one voice or
throw from a horse. meaning only; having unison of sounds. (L.
Unhonie, un-hour*, v.t., to deprive of or drive from univocus unus, one, vox, vocis, a voice,
a house or shelter.
Unicorn, fi'ni-korn, n. a fabulous animal with one Unkennel,] un-ken'el, vd., to drive from a kennel
word.
horn: in B., the bison. [L. unicomxeusunits, or hole ; to rouse from secrecy or retreat.
one, and comu, a horn.]
Uniform, G'ni-form, adj., having one or the same Unknit, un-nit', v.t., to separate or loose what is
knit or knotted; to open.
form ; having always the same manner or char Unknot, un-nor/, v.t., tofree from knots ; to untie.
acter; consistent with itself; agreeing with an Unlace, un-las',
other.. a dress of the same kind for persons loose the dressv.t.of.to \oosc from being laced; to
who belong to the same body, as of a soldier. Unlade, un-lad', v.t., to unload ; to take out the
adv. u'nlfonnly. [L. unus, one, and Form.] cargo of. [been learned.
uniformity, O-ni-form'i-ti, ., state of being uni Unlearn, un-lem', v.t., to forget or lose what has
form; agreement with a pattern or rule ; same Unless, un-les', conj. lit. on less, at or for less ; if
ness ; likeness between the parts of a whole. not : supposing that not. ( = Fr. d moins.]
Unillterai, Q-ni-Ht'er-al, adj., consisting of one let Unllmber, un-lirn'ber, v.t., to remove the limbers
ter only. [L. unus, one, and litcra, a letter.] from, as a gun.
Union, Unique, Unison, &c. Sec under Unit.
Unit, unit, n., one; a single thing or person ; the Unload, un-lad', v.t., to take the loadfrom ; to dis
least whole number : anything taken as one. [L. charge ; to disburden. [to open.
unus, one.] Unlock, un-lok', v.t., to unfasten what is locked;
onity, O'ni-ti, n., oneness; state of being one or at Unloose, un-lOoV, v.t., to make loose; to set free.
one ; agreement ; the arrangement ofall the parts [A.S. onlesan: intensive of Loose.]
lo one purpose or effect; harmony: in math., Unmake, un-mak', v.t. to destroy the make or form
any quantity taken as one. [L. unitasunus.] and qualities of.adj. unmade', not made.
nnite, fi-nlt', v.t., to make one ; to join two or more Unman, un-man', v.t., to deprive of the powers of
into one ; to join ; to make to agree or adhere. a man, as courage, &c. ; to deprive of men.
v.i. to become one ; to grow, or act together : Unmask, un-mask', v.t., to take a mask or any dis
fr.p. flnltlng ; Pa p. Onlt'ed. [L. unio, unitum guise off; to expose.v.t. to put off a mask.
unus.]adv. unit'edly, in union ; together. Unmeaning, un-mfn'ing, adj., having- no meaning;
anion, On'yun, ., act of uniting ; that which is without intelligence. n. unmean'lngneee.
united or made one ; a body formed by the com Unmoor, un-mOOr , v.t., to loosefrom being moored
bination of parts ; concord ; harmony ; a confed or anchored. [ingfrom.
eration. [Fr. union; L. uniounus, one.] Unmade, un-muffl, v.t., to take a muffle or covcr-
unique. G-neV, adj., single or alone in any quality ; Unmazzle, un-muzM, v.t., to take a muzzle off.
without a like or equal. [Fr.L. unicusunus.] Unnerve, un-neiV, v.t., to deprive ofnerve, strength,
unison, G'ni-son, n. , oneness or agreement ofsound ; or vigour ; to weaken.
concord ; harmony. [L. unus, one, and sonus, a Unpack, un-pak', v.t., to take outofa Pack, to open.
sound. Sec Sound.] Unpeople, un-p'pl v.t., to deprive ofpeople.
nnlsonant, G-nis'o-nant, unisonous, 0-nis,o-nus, adj., Unperfect, un-per'fckt, ailj., not perfect.
being in unison. [L. unus, one, and sonans, Unpin, un-pin', v.t., to loose what ispinned.
pr.p. of sono, to sound.] Unravel, un-rav'l, v.t., to take out of a ravelled
unlsonance, O-nis'o-nans, ., state of being uniso- state; to unfold or explain ; to separate.v.i. to
nant ; accordance of sounds. be disentangled.
Unitarian, O-ni-ti'ri-an, n. one who asserts the Unrig, un-rig', v.t., to strip of rigging.
unity of the Godhead as opposed to the Trinity, Unrobe, un-rflb', v. I. , to take a robe off; to undress.
and ascribes divinity to God the father only, Unroll, un-rCl', v.t., to roll down; to open out.
^utj. pertaining to Unitarians or their doctrine, Unroof, un-rtSOf, v.t., to strip the roofoff.
[from L. unitas, unityunus, one.] Unroot, un-rOOt', v.t., to tear up by the roots.
Unltaiianism, fl-ni-ta'ri-an-ixm, ., the doctrines or Unruly, un-rOD'li, adj., not submissive to rule;
principles ofa Unitarian. regardless of restraint or law ; ungovernable..
Universal, G-ni-ver'sal, adj. lit. turning or extending UArVlineei.
over the whole as one ; comprehending, affect Unsaddle, un-sadl, v.t., to take the saddle off; to
ing, or extending to the whole ; comprising all throw from the saddle.
the particulars.adv. universally. (L. univers Unsay. un-si', v.t., to recall what has been said;
alis-unus, one, and verto, versum, to turn.] to retract.
fate, far; mi, her; mine ; ntOte ; mate ; mGon ; then.
 Unscrew
Words la un not f 1 below are to be c
Unscrew, un-skr5o', v.t., to loos* from screws; to
unfasten.
Unseal. un-seT, v.t., to remove the seal of; to open
what is sealed.
Unsearchable, un-serch'a-bl, adj., not capable of
being found out by searching; mysterious.n.
uneearch'ableness.adv. unsearchably.
Unseat, un-scY, v.t., to throwfrom or deprive ofa
seat.
Unsettle, un-ser/I, p./., to move from being settled
or fixed; to make uncertain.v.L to become
unfixed.
Unsex, un-seks', v.t, to deprive ofsex.
Unshackle, un-shak'l, v.t.t to loose from shackles ;
to set free.
Unship, un-ship', v.t., to take out ofa ship or other
vessel ; to remove from the place where it is
fixed or fitted.
Unstop, un-stop', v.t., tofree from a stopper; to
free from hinderance.
Unstring, un-string*, v.t., to take the strings off; to
relax or loosen.
Unthread, un-thred', .v.t., to draw out a thread
from ; to loose the threads.
Unthrifty, un-thruYi, adj., not thrifty: without
thriftiness.adv. unthrlft'ily.. unthrlftWas.
Untie, un-tl*, v.t., to loosefrom being tied; to un
bind ; to loosen ; to unfold.
Until, un-til', >rr/., till; to : as far as (used mostly
with respect to time).adv. till ; up to the time
that. [A.S. on, in, and Till.]
Untiring, un-tir'ing, adj., not tiring or becoming
tired.
Unto, un'too,Prep., to. [A. S. on, in, andTo. SeeUntil. ]
Untoward, un-tO'ard( Untowardly, un-to'ard-li, adj.,
not toward; not easily guided; froward ; awk
ward : inconvenient.adv. untowardly.. unto-
wardnesa.
Untruth, un-trCotb,', n. what is not the truth; want
of truth ; a lie.
Untune, un-tGn', v.t., to put out of tune; to dis
order or confuse.
Untwine, un-twin', v.t. lit to take outofthe twine;
to untwist ; to open.
Untwist, un-twist', v.t, to open what is twisted.
Unwarp, un-wawrp', v.t., to change from being
warped.
Unwearied, un-wfi'rid, adj., not wearied; not tir
ing ; indefatigable.adv. unwea'riedly.
Unweave, un-weV, v.t., to undo what is woven.
Unwept, un-wepr", adj. , not weptfor ; not mourned.
Unwind, un-wTnd', v.t., to wind down or off; to
loose what is wound.v.L to be able toXe un
wound.
Unworthy, un-wur/A'i, adj., not worthy; worthless ;
unbecoming.
Unwrap, un-rap', v.t., to open what is wrapped or
folded.
, un-y5k', v.t., to loosefrom a yoke; to dis-
Up, up, adv. toward a higher place ; aloft ; on high ;
from a lower to a higher position, as out of bed,
above the horizon, &c. : in a higher position ; in
a condition of elevation, advance, excitement,
&c : as far as : completely. ~~prep. from a lower
to a higher place on or along. [A. S. up, ufpe ;
Ice. upp; Goth, jnp ; Ger. auf; L. sub, Gr. hypo;
allied to Over and Above.]
Upbear, up-bar', v.t., to bear up; to raise aloft ; to
sustain.
Upbind. up-bTnd', v.t., to bind up.
Upbraid, up-brad', v.t. to charge with
tt '
Urine
I not, or i ant of, to the
wrong or disgraceful ; to reproach ; to :
severely 'pr-P. upbraiding ; Pa.p. upbraid*ed.
[A.S. uPgebredan, to cry out againstup, and
gebredan, Ice. bregda, to charge, reproach.]
upbraiding, up-brad'ine, n. a charging with some
thing wrong ; act of reproaching.
Upheave, up-heV, v.t, to heave or lift up.
Uphill, np'hil, adj. lit. going up a hill;
difficult.
Uphold, up-h6ld', v.t., to hold up; to sustain: to
countenance ; to defend.n. upholder,
upholsterer, up-hfil'ster-er, n. lit. an upholder; ate
who supplies furniture, beds, &c (formerly up
holdster, and upholster, a corr. of Upholder.]
upholstery, up-holstcr-i, . furniture, &.c supplied
by upholsterers.
Upland, up'Iand, n., upper or high land, as opposed
to meadows, river sides, &cadj. high in situ
ation ; pertaining to uplands.
Uplift, up-I-tV, v.t., to lift up or x : aloft.
Upmost. See Upper.
Upon, up-on', prep, same as On. fUp, and On.]
Upper, up'er, adj. [comp. of Up),further up; higher
in position, dignity, &c ; superior.super, r
up'er-hand, n. lit. the having the hand
above; superiority; advantage.
Uppermost. See Upper.
Upright, up'rlt, adj., right or straight n/; in u
erect position : adhering to rectitude ; honest ;
justadv. uprightly.n. up'rlgntaeea.
Uproar, up'rOr, n. lit. a stirring up ; noise and tu
mult; bustle and clamour. [Ger. aufrmkrmmf,
up, rUhren, to stir : corr. from a supposed con
nection with Roar.]
uproarious, up-roVi-us, adj., making, or accom
panied by great uproar.adv. uproariously.
Uproot, up-rOTSt', v.t, to tear up by the roots.
Upset, up-set', v.t lit. to set up; to turn upside
down ; to overthrow.n. an overturn.
Upshot, up'shot, n. Ut. what is shot up or t
final issue ; end.
Upside, up'sTd, the upper side.
Upstart, up'stirt, n. one who has suddenly j
up or risen from low life to wealth, &c.
Upward, upward, adj., directed up or to a higher
place. [Up, and ward, sig. direction.]adm.
up ward, up'wards, toward a higher direction.
Urban, u/ban, adj., ofor belonging to a city. [I*.
urbanusurbs, a city.]
urbane, ur-bin', adj., pertaining to, or influenced
by a city; civilised; refined; courteous.
urbanity, ur-banl-ti, n., the quality of being ur
bane ; refinement; politeness. [L. urbanLtas.)
Urchin, urchin, a hedgehog: a child, used
jocosely, [old E. archone, irthen; old Fr.eruon;
Fr. herisson ; from L. ericius, a hedgehog.]
Urge, urj, v.t, to press in any way; to drive; to
press earnestly ; to provoke :pr.p. urg/ing ;
Pa.p. urged'. [L. urgeo, to press, to drive.]
urgent, urjent, adj., urging; pressing with im
portunity ; calling for immediate attention : earn
est [L. urgens, pr.p. of urgeo.]adv. uVfentlr.
urgency, ur'jen-si, ., quality of being urgent;
earnest asking ; pressing necessity.
Urlm, Q'rim, and Thununhn, thum'im, ns.pl. lit. lights
and perfections; a part of the high-priest's
breastplate among the ancient Jews, the nature of
which is not distinctly understood. [Heb. urim.
prob. pL of ur, ir, light, and thummim, pi. of
thorn, perfection.]
Urine, u'rin, n. the water which is separated by the
 urinal vagrant
kidneys front the blood, and conveyed to the Utopian, fl-tfl'pi-an, fanciful ?
bladder. [Fr. ; L. urina ; Gr. ouron j Gcr. chimerical. [from ou, not, and
ham; allied to Sans, vari, water.] toPos, place, and so = nowherean imaginary
urinal, O'rin-al, n. a vessel for urine ; a conveni island represented by Sir T. More as enjoying
ence for discharging urine. [L. urinalurina.] perfection in politics, laws, &c]
urinary. O/rin-ar-i, adj. ,pertaining to, or like *r/nr. Utter, ut'er, adj. lit. outer or on the outside;
Urn, urn, n. lit. a water-pet; a kind of vase used furthest out ; extreme ; total ; perfect.adv.
for various purposes : a vessel in which the ashes uttermoat, utt erly. [A.S. uter, outer, extremeu/, out.]
of the dead were anciently deposited. [L. uma, n. theut'er-mCst, adj., furthest out; utmost.
a water-pot, an urn, from root of Urine, and of greatest degree. [Utter, and i
L. urinor, to plunge in water.] A.S. superl. ma, and superl. suffix -st.]
Us, us, pron. the objective case of Ws. [A.S.] utter, ut'er, v.t. lit. to send out or forth ; to
Un, fi7, v.t. to put to some purpose ; to avail one's ing ; pa.p. utt'ered.. ; ntt
late ; to publish abroad to speak :pr.p. utter
self of; to habituate ; to behave toward.v.t. to utterabie. ut'er-abl, adj., thaterer. [from Utter.]
may be uttered or
be accustomed .pr.p. Qs uig ; Pa.p. Used'. [Fr. expressed.
user; L. utor, usus.]
use, us, act of using or putting to a purpose ; utterance, ut'er-ans, act ofuttering; manner of
speaking ; pronunciation ; expression.
employment ; need ; advantage ; practice ; cus Uttermost. See under Utter, adj.
tom. [L. ususutor.)
usable, urVbl, adj. , that may be used. Uxorious, uks-O'ri-us, adj., excessively or submis
usage, u/.tj , act or mode ofusing; treatment ; sively fond of a wife.adv. uxo'rlonsly,n.
practice; custom. [Fr.low L. usagiumL. uxo riousncss. [L. uxoriusuxor, a wife.]
MM.]usTool, adj.,full ofuse or advantage ; able
useful,
to do good ; serviceable.adv. dm folly. bm/-
, Gsles, adj., having no use ; answering no
good purpose or the end proposed.adv. use lessly. Vacant, Vacancy. See under 1
Vacate, va-kat', v.t., to make void or empty ; to-
n. aselessness. quit possession of; to deprive of authority:
uaaal, O'lhu-al, adj., in use; occurring in ordinary Pr.p. vacit'ing ; Pa.p. vacat ed. [L. vaco, -aturn,
use; common. [I., usualis.]adv. usually. to be empty.J
Usurp, ft-zurp', v.t. lit. to seize to one's own use ; to vacation, va-ka'shun, the act of vacating^ or
take possession of by force without right :Pr.p.
usurping ; Pa.p. usurped'.n. uinrp'er. [L. making &c :
void, or invalid ; freedom from duty,
intermission of any regular employment ;
usurpo, contr. from usu-rapiousus, use, and recess.
rapio, to seize.]
usurpation, O-zur-pa'shun, vacant, valeant, adj.,
act of usurping; free ; not occupied by an incumbent empty; exhausted of air:
unlawful seizure and possession. [L. usurpatio.] not or possessor :
occupied
Usury, Q'zhOo-ri, . lit. a using; interest paid for adv. vacantly. [L. vacans, -antis, with study, &c. ; thoughtless.
the use of money ; illegal or exorbitant interest. vacancy, v\m\'Vi,n., stateofbeingvacant;ofvaco.} pr.p.
leisure ;
[L. usurnutor, usus, to use.] that which is vacant or unoccupied ; empty space ;
nnrer, O'zhOT-rer, n. orig. and in B , a money void or gap between bodies : a situation unoc
lender for interest ; one who practises usury. cupied. [ Fr. vacance, low L. vacantia.]
Utensil, Q-ten'sil, m. lit that which is used; an vacuum. vak'Q-um, ., a vacant or empty space;
instrument or vessel used in common life. [Fr. a space empty or devoid of all matter. [L.J
utensileL. utensilis, fit for useutor, to use.]
UtUlM. Q'til-Iz, v.t., to make useful; to put to vacuity, va-kfl'it-i, n., vacancy, emptiness; space
unoccupied, or not visibly occupied; void. [L.
profitable use. [Fr. u/itiserL. utor.} vacuitasvacuus, empty, from vaco.]
utility, Q-iili-ti, n.t usefulness; quality of being Vaccinate, vak'sin-at, v.t.
useful; profitable to some end. [L. utilitas pox :Pr.p. vac'cmatingto; inoculate with the cotv-
pa.p. vac'cinated..
utilis, unc(ul#tor, to use.] vaccina tion, [low L. vaccino, -aturnvacca, a
utilitarian, ft til i <I'll HI. adj. , consistingin, orPer cow.] vak'sln. adj., pertaining to, or derived
taining to utility, or to utilitarianism.n. one vaccine,
who holds utilitananism,
utllitarianiim, u-til-i-ta'ri-an-izm, n. the doctrine Vacillate, from cows. [L. vaccinus.]
which holds that the standard of morality is waver : tov.is'il-I.'.t, v.L, to sway to andfro; to
utility or the happiness of mankind. be unsteady :Pf.p. vacillating ; pa.p.
Usher, ush'er, n. lit. a door-keeper; one whose Vacuity, vac itlated.n. vacilla tion. [ L, vacillo, -aturn.]
business it is to introduce strangers or to walk Vacuum. See under Vacate.
before a person of rank : an under-teachcr or Vagabond, vag'a bond, adj., wandering; having no
assistant.v.t. to introduce; to forerun : /r^. settled habitation : driven to and fro : unsettled ;
ush'ering ; pa.p. ushered.n. Bsh'eraaip. [Fr. dissolute. n. one who wanders without any
huissior; It. usciere; L. ostiarius; from Fr. settled habitation ; a wandering, idle fellow.
huis, It. uscio, L. ostium, a door.] [L. vagabundusvagor, vagart, to wander1
vagus,va-gaVi,
wandering,
Uterine, fi'ter-In, adj., pertaining to /he womb; vagary.
born of the same mother by a different father. n., a unsettled.]
wandering of the thoughts :
[Fr. uterin ; L. uterinusuterus, the womb.] vagrant, a wild freak- :
va'grant,a whim,
adj., wandering without any
Utmost, ut'mOst, adj., outmost ; furthest out ; most settled dwelling ; unsettled.n. one who has no
distant ; last : in the greatest degree ; highest. settled habitation ; an idle or disorderly person ;
n. the greatest that can be ; the greatest effort. a beggar, [old E. vagarantFr. vaguer, L.
[A.S. utemostutema, superl. of ut, out, and
super), suffix, -st ) vagart. ]
fate, far ; me, her ; mine ; mote , mute ; moon ; then.
543
 vagrancy
vagrancy, va'gran-si, ., the state of being a vag
rant; life and habits of a vagrant.
vague, vag, adj., wandering; unsettled ; indefinite ;
uncertain.-adv. vaguely.n. vague'ness. [Fr. ;
L. vagus.}
Vail, val, same as Veil.
Vain, van, adj., vacant, worthless, so in B. ; un
satisfying; fruitless; unreal: conceited ; showy.
adv. vainly.In vain, ineffectually ; to no pur
pose or end; with levity or profanity. [A.S.
wana, deficient ; Ger. ivahn, Fr. vain, L. vanus,
empty, perhaps from vaco, to be empty ; akin
to Wane.J
vainglory, van-glC'ri, n., vain or empty glory in
one's own performances ; pride above desert ;
vainglorious, van-glO'ri-us, adj. given to vainglory
proceeding from vanity.adv. valnglo'rioualy.
vanity, van'it-i, n., the quality of being vain;
worthlessness : empty pride ; conceit : idle show ;
uncertainty ; vain pursuit ; empty pleasure ;
fruitless desire. [L. vaniiasvanus,]Lying
vanities, empty falsehoods.
Vale, val, n. a tract of low ground, esp. between
hills ; a valley, [old Fr. val, L. vallis, a vale.]
valley, val'i, . (//. valleys), a vale or low land be
tween hills or mountains ; a low, extended plain
usually watered by a river.
Valediction, val-e-dik'shun, n., a saying farewell;
a farewell. [L. valedico, -dictumvale, farewell
(from valeo, to be well), and dice, to say.]
valedictory, val-c-dik'tor-i, adj.f sayingfarewell ;
farewell ; taking leave.
Valentine, val'cn-ttn, n. a lover or sweetheart chosen
on St Valentine's day, 14th Feb. ; a love-letter
sent on that day. [perhaps from the popular
notion that on this day birds began to pair.]
Valet, val'et, n. lit a varlet ; a servant; a man
servant, esp. one who attends on a gentleman's
person. [Fr.old Fr. varlet. Sec Varlet, Vassal.]
Valetudinarian, val-e-tQd-in-aVi-an, Valetudinary,
val-e-tu'din-ar-i, adj. belonging to ill health ;
sickly ; weak.n. a person of ill or weak health.
[L. valetudinariusvaletudo, state of health,
bad healthvaleo, to be strong or well, conn,
with Sans, bala, val-e-tud-in-aVi-an-izm,
valetudinarianism, strengthbal, to live.] ., the
condition ofa valetudinarian ; weak health.
Valhalla, val-halla, . lit the hall of the slain : in
Scandinavian myth., the palace of immortality
for the souls of heroes slain in battle. [Ice.
valhSllvalr, A.S. wa>l, slaughter, and Ice.
hdll, old Ger. halla, a hall. Sec HalL]
Valiant, val'yant, adj., strong: brave : intrepid in
danger; heroic.adv. valiantly, in Apocrypha,
by force.m. val'lantneas, in B., courage, bravery,
[Fr. vaillant, It. valente, from L. valens, val-
entis, pr.p. of valeo, to be strong. See Valetudi
narian.]Do valiantly, in B., to behave gallantly.
valiants, val'yants, n.pl., in B., valiant men; heroes.
valid, val'id, adj. , strong; having sufficient strength
or force : founded in truth ; sound ; conclusive :
in law, executed with the proper formalities ;
legal; rightful.adv. validly.n. validity. [L.
validusvaleo.]
valour, val'ur, the quality of being valiant;
that which enables one to encounter danger fear
lessly ; intrepidity ; courage ; bravery, [old Fr. ;
low L. valorvaleo.]
valorous, val'ur-us, adj., possessing or shewing
valour ; intrepid ; courageous.adv. val'oroualy.
value, val'fl, n., worth; that which renders any-
fate, far ; mfi, her ; mine ;
544
Vanquish
thing useful or estimable ; the degree of tins
quality : efficacy ; importance ; excellence : price:
precise meaning.v.t, to estimate the worth of;
to rate at a pnee ; to esteem ; to prixe :;prp.
val'Qing ; pa.p. val'ued. [Fr. valoir (pa.p. valu_,
L. valeo, to be worth.]
valuable, val'u-a-bl, adj., having value or vaorih;
costly : deserving esteem.n. val'uablenaaa. _
valuation, val-u-a'shun, the act of valuing:
value set upon a thing ; estimated worth.
valuator, val'u-at-ur, *., one who sets a value upon;
an appraiser.
valueless, val'fl-les, adj. , ofno value or worth.
Valise, va-leV, n., a travelling-bag, generally of
leather, opening at the side; a portmanteau.
[Fr. ; It valigia, through supposed L. forms
valitia, viduhtiavidulus, a travelling-bag.]
Valley. See under Vale.
Valour, Value, &c. See under Valiant.
Valve, valv, . one of the leaves of afolding-doer;
a cover to an aperture which opens in one direc
tion and not in the other ; one of the pieces or
divisions which form a shell. [Fr. ; L. tw&w,
a folding-door, probably from volvo, to roll.]
valred, valvd, adj., having, or composed ofvalves.
Vamp, vamp, n. thefore or upper leather of a boot
or shoe covering the foot.v.t. to repair with a
new vamp \pr.p. vamp'ing ; pa.p. vamped',
[from Fr. avant-pied, the fore-part of the foot
avant, before (see Van), andpied, L. Pes, pedis,
the foot]
Vampire, vam'pTr, n. in the myth, of Eastern Europe,
a ghost which sucked the blood of the living:
one who lives upon others; a blood-sucker: a
large species of blood-sucking bat in S. America.
[Fr. ; Gcr. vampyr, Slav, wampir.]
Van, van, thefront ; the front of an army or a
fleet. [Fr. avant, It. avanti, beforeL. abt from,
by, and ante, before.]
vanguard, van gard, ., the guard in the van of an
army ; the part of an army preceding the maia
body ; the first line.
Van, van, n. afan for grain, &c. [Sec Fan.]
Van, van, *. a caravan or large covered wagon for
goods, &c. [abbreviated from Caravan.]
Vandal, van'dal, n. lit a wanderer; one of a fierce
race in N. Germany who invaded Rome in the
5th cent, destroying recklessly all monuments of
arts and literature : any one hostile to arts or
literature ; a barbarian. [L. Vandalus, from Ger.
waftdeln, to wander.] See Wander.
Vandal, van'dal, Vandallo, van-dal'ik, adj., pertain
ing to, or like the Vandals; barbarous ; rude.
Vandalism, van'dal-izm, the spirit or conduct ef
the Vandals ; ferocious cruelty ; hostility to arts
or literature.
Vane, van, n. lit. a cloth ; a flag or banner ; a thin
slip ofwood or.metal at the top of a spire, &c to
shew which way the wind blows ; a weather
cock : the thin web of a feather, [old E. fane,
A.S. fana, Ger. fahne ; old Ger. fane, a doth:
akin to L. pannus, a cloth.]
Vanguard. Sec under Van.
Vanish, van'ish, v.t. to pass away from a place leav
ing it vacant or empty; to disappear; to be
annihilated or lost 'pr.p. van'ishing ; pap.
vanished. [L. vanesco, to pass awayvanus,
empty. See Vain.]
Vanity. See under Vain.
Vanquish, vangkVish, v.t., to conquer; to defeat in
mOte ; mute ; mGOn ; then.
 Vantage Veer
any contest ; to confute :pr.p. vanquishing ; ent ; to mark with different colours '.pr.p. va'ri
Pa.p. van'quished. . vanquisher. [Fr. vaincre egating ; Pa.p. va'riegated.-*-n. variega'tlon. [L.
> (pa.t. vainquis), L. vifictre, to conquer.] See variego, -atumvarius, various, ago, to make.]
Victor. variety, va-rl'e-ti, ., the quality oj being various ;
Vantage, van'taj, n. same as Advantage. difference : a collection of different things ; one
Vapid, VaporiM, &c. See under Vapour. ofa number of things nearly allied to each other :
Vapour, va'pur, . the gas generally invisible, into awhich collection of individuals of the same species,
differ in minor points ; an object differing
which most liquids and solids are convertible by from others of its species in certain points. [L.
heat : in physics, the condition of a body when it varietasz'arius.]
becomes gas by heat : water in the atmosphere : various, vi'ri-us, adj., varied, different ; several ;
anything vain or transitory ://. a disease of unlike each other : changeable ; uncertain : vari
nervous weakness in which a variety of strange egated. adv. variously. [L. varius, various.]
images float before the mind.v.i. to pass off in Vascular, vas'kfl-lar, adj., consisting of, or contain
vapour ; to evaporate : to boast ; to brag :pr.p. ing vessels, as arteries, veins, &c. [Fr. vasculaire
va'pouring ; Pa.p. vi'poured. [L. vapor, allied to L. vasculum, dim. of vas, a vessel.]
Gr. kapnos, smoke, and probably to Sans. : .;, vascularity, vas-kQ-larl-ti, the state of being
to blow.] vascular*
vapourer, va'pur-er, n., one who vapours, a boaster. Vase, viz, n., a vessel anciently used for domestic
vaporiie, vap'or-Tz, or va', v.t., to convert into purposes, and in offering sacrifices : an ornamental
vapour.v.i. to pass off in vapour :pr.p. vap'- vessel generally of an antique pattern ; a sculp
orlsing ; pa.p. vap'orTsed. . vaporlaa'tton. tured, vase-like ornament. [Fr. ; L. vas, a vase.]
vapoury, va'pur-i, adj., full of vapourl affected Vassal, vasal, ., a servant or attendant; one
with the vapours ; peevish. who holds land from and renders homage to a
vaporooa, va'pur-us, adj., full of, or like vapour; superior. [Fr. ; low L. vassalusW. gwas, a
vain; unreal: affected with the vapours. youth, servant]
vapid, vap'id, adj. having the spirit evaporated; vassalage, vas'al-aj, n., state of being a vassal;
dead ; spiritless ; flat ; insipid.adv. vapidly. dependence ; subjection, [low L. vassalagium.]
n. vap'idness. [L. vapidusvapor.]
Variable, Variance, &c. See under Vary. Vast, vast, adj. orig. waste ; of great extent ; large :
Varicose, var'i-kOz, Varicous, var'i-kus, adj. per very great in amount, force, or importance.n.
manently dilated or enlarged, as a vein. [L. vast'nesa. [Fr. vaste, L. vastus, waste, vast ;
perhaps akin to vacuus, empty.]
varicosus, full of dilated veinsvarix, a dilated vastly, vast'li, adv., to a vast or great extent or
veinvarus, bent, crooked.] degree.
Variegate, Variety, Various. See under Vary. Vat, vat, n. a large vessel or tank, esp. one for
Varlet, varlet, n. orig. a vassal attendant ; a foot
man : a low fellow ; a scoundrel, [old Fr. varlet, holding a vessel
liquors. [A.S.fat, Dutch, vat, Cer.fass,
for liquors, L. vas, a vessel.]
vaslet, from root of Vassal.]
Varnish, viir'nish, v.t. lit to glaze ; to cover with a Vault, ber
vawlt, n. lit. a turn ; an arched roof: a cham
with an arched roof, esp. one underground ;
liquid to give a glossy surface to : to give a fair
appearance to .pr.p. var'nishing ; pa.p. var'- athecellar: bound
anything with a vaulted appearance:
of a horse ; a jump.v.t. to shape as
rushed.. a sticky liquid which dries and forms a vault ; to arch : to roof
a hard, lustrous coating :palliation. [Fr. verrtisser, vaults in.v.i. to curvet with an arch : to form
or leap, as a horse; to
It. vemicare ; prob. from L. as if vitrinire, to leap ; to exhibit feats of leaping or tumbling :
glazevitreus, low L. vitrinus, glassy, shining Pr.p. vault'tng ; pa.p. vaulted, [old Fr. vaultet
L. vitrum, glass.] It. volta, low L. volta, valutaL. volvo, volutum,
Vary, va'ri, v.t., to make different; to alter: to to roll, to turn.]
change to something else : to make of different vaulted, vawh'ed, adj., arched; concave over
kinds.v.i. to alter or be altered ; to be or be head : covered with an arch or vault.
come different : to change in succession : to vaults r, vawlt'er, ., one who vaults or leaps.
deviate (with from) : to disagree :pr.p. vary Vaunt, vawnt or vant, v.i. to make a vain display ;
ing : Pa.p. va ried. [Fr. varier, L. variare to boast.v.t. to make a vain display of ; to
varius, various ; akin to Gr. balios, spotted, boast :Pr.p. vaunt'ing ; Pa.p. vaunt'ed.n.
dappledballs, to throw, to hit.] vain display; boastn. vaunt er. [Fr. vanter,
variable, va'ri-abl, adj. , that maybe varied; change low L. vanitarevanus, vain. See Vain.]
able : liable to change ; unsteady.. in math., a
quantity subject to continual increase or decrease ; Veal, vel, n. the flesh ofa calf, [old Fr. viel. Prov.
a quantity which may have an infinite number of calf; akinvitellus,
vedel, L*. aim. of vitulus, Gr. italos, a
to Sans, vatsa, a calf.]
values in the same expression.adv. va'rlably. Veda,
ns. va'rUblcnets, variability. [ Fr. ; L. variabilis. ] the ve^da, n. {pi. Vedas, vCdazJ lit knowledge;
variance, va'ri-ans, n., state ofbeingvaried; an altcr- veda,ancient sacred books of the Hindus. [Sans.
ation; a change of condition: difference that video, knowledge, to see,
vid, to know; conn, with L.
L. to wit]
arises from or produces dispute. [L. variantia
varians, -antis, pr.p. of vario, to vary.]At Vedette, vc-der*. n. a cavalry sentinel at the outpost
variance, in disagreement of an army to u*z/M an enemy. [Fr.; \\.vedettat
variation, va-ri-a'shun, n., act ofvarying', a change : for velettaveglia, L. vigitia, a watch. ]
change from one to another; successive change : Veer, vr, v.t., to whirl or turn ; to change direc
the extent to which a thing varies: in gram., tion, as the wind.v.i. to turn ; to direct to a
change of termination : in music, a manner of different course :fr.p. veer'ing ; Pa.p. veered'.
singing or playing the same air by various em [Fr. v'rer. It. vtrare, to tumL. and Gr.
bellishments. [Fr. ; L. variatio.] gyrus, a circle : acc. to Wedgwood from root of
variegate, vS'ri-e-gat, v. t., to make varied or differ- Whirl]
fate, far ; me, her ; mine ; mote; mute; moon; thou
31 545
 Vegetate
Tegetate, vej'e-tat, v.l, to grow by roots and
leaves : to do nothing but eat and grow '.pr.p.
veg'etating ; pa.p. veg'etated. [Lw vegeto, -atum
to, to be lively, akin to vigeo, to grow.]
vegetation, vej-c-t&'shun, n. process ofgrowing
a plant ; vegetable growth : plants in general,
vegetative, vej'e-tat-iv, adj., growing, as plants;
producing growth in plants,
vegetable, vej'e-tabl, n. lit. that which vegetates or
grows ; an organised body without sensation and
voluntary motion, nourished by roots fixed in the
ground : a plant for the table.adj. belonging
to plants : consisting of or having the nature of
plants
vegeo,: derived
to be from
lively.}Vegetable
vegetables. [L.marrow,
vegetabilis
the
fruit of a species of gourd, so called from its
marrow-like
vcj'e-tal,appearance. , may be disposed of as an object of trade.ads.
vegetal, adj., ofthe nature ofa vegetable ;
pertaining to the vital functions of plants and
animals, as growth, reproduction, &c.
vegetarian, vej-e-tari-an, n. one who holds that
vegetables are the only proper food for man.
adj. pertaining to vegetarianism.n. vegeta'rlan-
lam, the theory and practice of a vegetarian.
Tenement, velie-mcnt, adj. tit. wanting mind,
unreasonable ; passionate ; furious : very eager
or urgent: in B., very violent or strong.adv.
ve hem?ntiy. [Fr.L. vehentens, prob. a length
ened form of vemensve, neg. ana mens, mentis.
mind. See Mental]
vehemence, vdne-mens, n., the quality of being
vehement; violence : great ardour or fervour.
[L. vehementiavehentens.]
Vehicle, vE'hi-kl, n. any kind of carriage or convey
ance : that which is used to convey : in med., a
substance in which a medicine is taken. [L.
vehiculumveho, to carry.]
vehicular, ve-hik'u-lar, adj. , pertaining to, or serv
ing as a vehicle.
Vail, vftl, lit. that which bears a ship onward, a
sail ; a covering; a curtain : anything that hides
an object ; a piece of muslin or thin cloth worn by
ladies to hide the face : a cover ; a disguise.-
v.t. to cover with a veil ; to throw a veil over : to
cover; to conceal :pr.p. veil'ing; Pa.p. veiled',
[old Fr. vet'le, It. L. velum, a sail, contr.
of vehulumveho, to bear, carry.]
Vein, van, n. in anat., one of the vessels or tubes
which convey the blood back to the heart: in
lot., one of the small branching ribs on a leaf :
in geot. and mining, a seam of a different mineral
through a rock ; a fissure or cavity : a streak in
wood or stone : a train of thought : a course :
tendency or turn of mind ; peculiar temper.
v.t. to form veins or the appearance of veins in :
Pr.p. vein'ing ; Pa.p. veined'. [Fr. veine, L.
vena.\
Vellnm, vel'um, n., the skin of calves, kids, or
lambs prepared for writing on. [Fr. vetin; low
L. charta (paper) vitulina, of a calfvitulus.]
Sec VeaL
Velocipede, ve-losl-pcd, or -p5d, n. lit swift-foot;
a light carriage for one person orig. moved by
striking the toes on the road, now with a treddle.
[Fr.L. velox, velocis, swift, pes, Pedis, foot.]
Telocity, vc-los'i-ti, ., swiftness; speed: rate of
motion. [L. velocitasvelox, swift.]
Velvet, vel'vet, n. a cloth made from silk, with a
close, shaggypile ; a similar cloth made of cotton.
adj. made of velvet : soft like velvet, [old E.
fate, far; roe, her ; mine ;
Venom
vellet, velouefte, It vellutoL. as if vtllmtns,
for villosus, shaggyvillus, shaggy hair.]
velveting, vel'vet-ing, M., the soft pile of velvet
velvet goods,
velvety, vel'vct-i, adj., made cfor like velvet : soft.
Venal, vc"'nal, adj., that may be sold or got for a
price ; held for sale : mercc
[L. venalisvenus, sale.]
venality, ve-nal'i-ti, quality of being
prostitution of talents or services for a reward.
Vend, vend, v.t., to give for sale, to sell; to give
for money: to make an object of trade :pr.p.
nd'eV, 1
[Fr. vendre, L. venderevenum, sale, and eb,
to give.]
vendible, vendi-bl, adj., that may be sold; that
vend ibly - n. vend ibleness.
Veneer, ve-neV, v.t. lit. to furnish with ; to over
lay or face with another wood :pr.p. veneer
ing ; pa.p. veneered'.n. a thin leaf of a valuable
wood for overlaying an inferior. [Ger.fumiren;
Fr.joumir, to furnish, from root of FnroJah.)
veneering, ve-neVing, n. , the act or art ofoverpaying
an inferior wood with thin leaves of a more valu
able kind ; the thin leaf thus laid on.
Venerate, ven'er-at, v.I. , to honour or reverence with
religious awe ; to reverence ; to regard with the
greatest respect '.pr.p. venerating ; pa.p. ven
erated. [L. veneror, -atus, allied to Sans, vand,
to praise, van, to honour.]
veneration, ven-er-a'shun, n., the actofvenerating:
the state of being venerated ; the highest degree
of respect and reverence ; respect mingled with
reverence and awe ; awe. [Fr.; L. venerate.]
venerable, ven'er-a-bl, adj. , that may be venerated;
worthy of veneration, reverence, or honour;
rendered sacred by religious or other associa
tions; aged.adv. ven'erably.n. ven'erablenees.
Venereal, ve-neYi-al, adj. lit pertaining to Venus;
pertaining to, or arising from sexual intercourse:
exciting desire for sexual intercourse : curing
venereal diseases. [L. vencreus Venus, the
goddess of love, from Sans, van, to love]
venery, ven'er-i, n. sexual intercourse.
Venery, ven'er-i, ., the act or exercise of A
the sports of the chase. [Fr. venerie, \
Fr. vencr, L. venor, to hunt.]
Veneeection, ve-ne-sek'shun, the section or cut
ting open .'/'a vein for letting blood ; Uood-lt!-
ting. [L. vena, a vein, and Section.]
Venetian, vc-ni'sh&n, adj. , ofot Ivlcngingto Venice.
n. a native or inhabitant of Venice.
Vengeance, venj'ans, n. lit. the vindicatingone's self,
the infliction of punishment upon another, in
return for an injury or offence ; retribution. (Fr..
fromvengrrt'L.vindico, toavenge. Sec Vindicate :
vengeful, venj'fool, adj., full ofvengeance ; vindic
tive ; retributive ; revengeful.adv. venge'reDy.
Venial, v'ni-al, adj., that may bepardoned or for
given ; excusable ; allowed.adv. ven'lally.us.
en'ialneu, veniality. [It. venialeL. vemia,
favour, pardon; prob. from root of Venerate.]
Venison, ven'i-zn or vcn'zn, n. the flesh of animals
taken in hunting (so in B.), esp. the deer. [Fr.
venaisonL venatio, a hunting, gamevencr,
to hunt]
Venom, ven'um, n. any drink, juice, or liquid in
jurious or 1. it.il to life; poison: spite; malice.
[Fr. venin, It venrno, L.
mote ; mute ; moon ; then.
 venomous
venomous, vcn'um-us, adj.,full of venom; poison
ous : spiteful ; mischievous.-adv. venomously,
'enow, ve'nus, adj..Pertaining to, or contained in
-veit.s ; veined. [L. venosusvena, a vein.]
Vent, vent, n., a slit or cleft ; a small opening to
let air, &c. escape ; the anus of birds and fishes :
mil., the opening at the breach of a firearm
through which fire is conveyed to the charge, the
touch-hole ; the flue of a chimney : discharge ;
escape: passage to notice; publication.v.t.,
to give a vent or opening to; to let out, as at a
vent ; to allow to escape : to publish ; to pour
forth \pr.p. venr/ing ; /a./, vent/cd. [Fr.fente,
a slit\*.findo, to cleave.]
Ventilate, ven'ti-lat, v.t. to fan withwzW; to open
to the free passage of air ; to cause fresh air to
pass through : to expose to examination and dis
cussion ; to make public :Pr.p. ven'tilating ;
fa.p. ven'tilated. [L- ventilo, -atumventulus,
dim. of ventus, wind.]
ventilation, ven'ti-la-shun, n. , act or art ofventilat
ing-; 'state of being ventilated ; free exposure to
air : supply of air : act of examining and making
public ; public exposure. [L. ventilatio.]
ventilator, ven'ti-lat-ur, ., that which ventilates;
a contrivance for introducing fresh air.
Ventral, ven'tral, adj., belonging to the entrails or
belly. [L. ventralisventer, the bellyGr.
enteron, the entrailsentos, withinen, in,]
ventricle, ven'tri-kl, n. lit a littlebelly ; asmall cavity
in an animal. [L. ventriculus, dim. of venter.]
ventricular, ven-trik'u-lar, adj., pertaining to a
ventricle or small cavity.
ventriloquism, ven-tril'okwizm, ventriloquy, vcn-
tril'o-kwi, n., speakingfrom the belly ; the act
or art of speaking so that the voice seems to
come from a distance or from some other person.
[L. ventriloquus, speaking from the bellyven
ter, the belly, and loquor, to speak.)
ventriloquise, ven-triTo-kwTz, v.i. to practise ven
triloquism :pr.p. ventriloquising ; pa.p. ven-
tril'oquTscd.n. ventril'oqulst, one who practises
ventriloquism.
Venture, vcnt'ur, n., that which is to come : chance ;
luck ; hazard : that which is put to hazard (esp.
goods sent by sea at the sender's risk) : an under
taking attended with chance or danger ; an under
taking whose issue is uncertain.v.t. to send
on a venture ; to expose to hazard ; to risk.
v.t. to make a venture ; to run a risk ; to dare :
'/rA venr/Qring ; Pa.p. vent'Qred. [contr. of
Adventure.]At a venture, in B., at random.
venturesome, vent'ur-sum, adj. , inclined to venture,
adventurous ; daring, intrepid.
venturous, venr/Gr-us, adj., venturesome.adv.
vent'urously.n. venfttrouanesi.
Venus, ve'nus, . in Latin myth., the goddess of
love ; beauty and love deified ; the most brilliant
of the planets, second in order from the sun.
[from Sans, van, to love.]
Veracious, ve-ra'shus, adj., speaking the truth;
truthful ; true.adv. vora ciously. [L. verax,
veracisverus, true. See Verity.]
veracity, ve-ras'it-i, the quality ofbeing vera
cious ; habitual truthfulness ; truth.
Veranda, Verandah, ve-ran'da, n. a kind of covered
balcony or open portico, with a roof sloping
beyond the main building supported by light
pillars. [Port., Sans, varandavri, to cover.]
Verb, verb, n. lit. the word: iagram., the part of
fate, far ; mC, her ; mine ;
Verjuice
speech which affirms, so called because it is the*
chief word of a sentence. [Fr. verb*, L. ver-
bum; from root of Gr. erd, to say, to speak.]
verbal, verb'al, adj., relating to, or consisting in
words ; expressed in words ; spoken (as opposed
to written) ; exact in words ; attending to words
only: word for word; literal: derived directly
from a verb.. a part ofspeech, a noun derived
from a verb.adv. verb ally. [L. verbalis.]
verbalise, verb'al-Tz, v.t., to turn into a verb:
Pr.p. verbalising ; pa.p. verb'atlsed,
verbalism, verb'al-izm, n. something expressed in
words or orally. [ness ; verbosity.
verbiage, vcrb'i-5j, ., abundance of words; wordi-
verbose, ver-boV, adj., full of words; containing
more words than arc necessary ; wordy ; diffuse.
adv. verbosely.nj. verbose nesa, verboe'fty.
Verbena, ver-be'na, n. a genus of plants cultivated
for their fragrance or beauty, vervain. [L. ver
bena, boughs or branches of laurel or myrtle.]
Verbiage, Verbose. See under Verb.
Verdant, veVdant, adj., green; fresh (as grass or
foliage) ; flourishing : inexperienced ; ignorant.
adv. veVdantly.n. ver'dancy. [Fr. verdoyant, L.
viridans, -antis, pr.p, of virido, to grow green
viridis, greenvireo, to be green.]
verdure, verd'ur, n., greenness ; freshness ofgrowth.
Verdict, ver'dikt, n. lit. a true saying; the answer
ofajury on a trial; decision ; opinion pronounced,
[low L. verdicturn, veredictumvers, truly
verus, true, and dictum, a saying-dico, to say.]
Verdigris, ver'di-gris, n. the rust of copper, brass, or
bronze ; a bluish-green paint got from copper
plates. [Fr. vert-de-grisvert, green, de, o(,grist
gray : or low I*, yiride orisviridis, green (see
Verdant), as, eeris, brass.]
Verdure. Sec under Verdant.
Verge, verj, n. a slender green branch, a twig ; si
rod, staff, or mace, or anything like them, used as
an emblem of authority; extent of jurisdiction
(esp. of the lord-steward of the royal household);
edge ; brink. [L. virgavireo, to be green.]
verger, verj'er, n., one who carries a verge or em:
blem of authority; the beadle of a cathedral
church ; a pew opener or attendant in church.
Verge, verj, v.t., to bend or incline; to tend down
ward ; to slope ; to tend ; to border upon :pr.p.
vcrg'ing ; pa.p. verged'. [L. vergo, to bend.]
Verify, ver'i-ft, v.t., to make out or shew to be
true ; to establish the truth of by evidence ; to
confirm \~Pr.p. verifying; pa.p. verified-.
verifier. [L. verus, true (perhaps conn, with
Sans, vri, to choose), andfacio, to make.]
verifiable, veri-fI-a-bl, adj., that may be verified,
proved, or confirmed.
verification, ver-i-fi-ka'shun, n., the act of verify
ing or proving to be true : the state of being
verified.
verisimilar, ver-i-sim'i-Iar, adj., truth-like; likely;
probable. [L. verisimiiis verus, true, and
similis, like.] See Similar,
verisimilitude, ver-i-sim-il'i-tQd, ft., similitmle or
likeness to truth; likelihood. [L. verisimilitude
verus, true, and similitudo. See Similitude.]
verity, ver'it-i, ., the quality of being true or
real ; truth, so in B. ; a true assertion or tenet.
[L. Veritasverus, true.]
veritable, ver'it-abl, adj., true; according to fact ;
real ; actual.adv. veritably.
Verily, vert-li, adv. See under Very.
Verjuice, ver'jOTJs, . the juice ofgreen or unripe
mote; mute; mOOn; then.
547
 Vermicelli
Fruit ; a kind of vinegar from it. [Fr. verjus
vert, green (see Verdant , and Fr., h.jus, juice.]
Vermicelli, ver-mi-chel'i,
of fine wheat flour made. into
the stiff
smallpaste or dough
worm-like or
thread-like rolls. [It., pi. of vermicelh, L. ver-
miculus, dim. of vermis, a worm. See Vermin.]
vermicular, ver-mik'u-lar, vcnnlculate, vcr-mik'u-lat,
adj., pertaining to or tike a worm (csp. in its
motion), [from L. vermiculus.]
vermlculate, ver-mik'G-lit, v.t. to form inlaid work
which resembles the motion or track of zuorms :
pr.fi. vermiculiting; fia.p. vermic'fllatcd.n.
vsrmicula'tlon. [L. vermicular, -atusvermis.)
vermiform, ver'mi-form. adj., having t/ieform of
a worm. [L. vermis, a worm, and Form.]
vermifuge, ver'mi-fuj, n. in med., a substance that
expels worms from animal bodies. [Fr., from
L. vermis, a worm, and fugo, to cause to flee,
to expel, fromfugio, to flee.]
vermilion, ver-mil'yun, n. a scarlet colouring sub
stance obtained from a little worm or insect (the
cochineal) ; a bright red colouring substance ob
tained from sulphur and mercury ; any beautiful
red colour. v.t. to dye vermilion; to colour a
delicate red. (Fr. vermilion, low L. vermilium,
from L.ve/min,
vermiculus.]
Vermin, n. sing, and worm: any
noxious or mischievous animal or insect (csp. such
as is small) : noxious persons (in contempt}. [Fr.
vermine, L. vermis, usually referred to verto, to
turn or twist, but see Worm]
vermivoroua ver-miv'or-us, adj., devouring worms.
[L. vermis, and voro, to devour.]
Vernacular, ver-nak'Q-lar, adj. lit. belonging to
home-bom slaves ; native : belonging to the coun
try of one's birth.adv. vernac'uUrly. [L. vernac-
ulusvema, a slave born in his master's house.]
Vernal, vernal, adj., belonging to the spring;
appearing in spring : belonging to youth. [L.
vemalisver, Gr. ear, spring.]
Vernier, ver'ni-er, n. a short scale made to slide
along a graduated instrument for measuring
intervals between its divisions, so called from
Vernier of Brussels, its inventor.
Versatile, ver'sa-til, adj., turning often ; change
able ; unsteady: turning easily from one thing to
another. [L, versatilisverso, freq. of verto, to
turn.] ver-sa-til'it-i, n., the quality of being
versatility,
versatile; changeablcness ; the faculty of turn
ing easily to new tasks or subjects.
Verse, vers, n. lit. a turning; a line of poetry, at
the end of which one turns to a new line : metri
cal arrangement and language ; poetry : a stanza :
a short division of any composition, esp. of the
chapters of the Bible : in music, a portion of an
anthem to be performed by a single voice to
each part. [L. versus, a line in writingverto,
versum,
varied, verst,to turn.]
adj. lit. turned about in the same
place, exercised ; thoroughly acquainted ; skilled :
in math., reversed. [Fr. vers/L. versatus,
pa.p. vers'i-fl,
ofversor,v.t'.,
to turn round.]
versify, to make verses.v.t. to relate
in verse ; to turn into verse :Pr.fi. vers'ifying ;
Pa.p. vers'ifled.n. versiner. [L. versijUco
versus, a \ccsc,facio, to make.]
versification, vcrs-i-fi-ki'shun, n.t the act, art, or
practice ofcomposing metrical verses.
voraton, vePshun, . orig. turning; the act of
translating ; that which is translated from one
language into another : account; statement.
fate, far ; mO, her ; mine ;
548
Vestige
Vertebra, vert'e-bra, ft. lit that which tterns %
joint ; one of the small bones of the spine.
// vertebra (ver'tc-bre'), the bones and joints
forming the backbone. [L.verto, to turn.]
vertebral, vert'e-bral, adj., pertaining U the ver*
tebra or joints of the backbone,
vertebrate, vert'e-brut, vertebrated, vert e-brat-ed.
adj.,fumislted with joints; having a backbone
. an animal having an internal skeleton with
a backbone. [L. vertebratus-vertebra.]
Vertex, vert'eks, n. the top or turning-point; ths
summit; the point of a cone, pyramid, or angle:
in astr., the zenith. [L.verto, to turn.]
vertical, vert ik-al, adj., pertaining to the vertex:
placed in the zenith ; perpendicular to the plane 0.
the horizon.. a vertical line.adv. vertically.
Vertigo, ver-tT'go or vert'i-go, . a sensation as if
everything were turning round one, or as if one
were going to fall. [I*.verto, to turn.)
Vervain, verVan, n. a plant of the genus verbena.
[Fr. verveine; see Verbena.]
Very, ver'i, adj., true, real, so in B. ; actual.adr.
in a great degree, [old E. veray, old Fr. verm
L. verax, true. See Veraclom, Verify.]
verily, vcr'i-li, adv., truly ; certainly ; really.
Vesication, ves-i-kashun, ., the act or process of
raising blisters on the skin, [low L. vesicz,
-atumh. vesica, a bladder, a blister.]
vesicle, ves'ikl, ., a small bladder or tumour; 2
small cavity in an animal body : in hot., a blad
der-like cell. [L. vesicula, dim. ofwx^.]
vesicular, ve-sik'u-lar, vesiculous, ve-sik'Q-lus, adj.,
pertaining to, or full of vesicles; full of inter
stices : having little glands on the surface
Vesper, vesper, ru the evening-star, Venus; the
evening :in pi. in R. C. Church, the evening-
service, in Eng. Church, the sixth canonical
hour, even-song.adj. pertaining to the even
ing or to vespers. [L.; Gr. hesperos. See Helper j
Vessel, ves'el, ., a vase or utensil for holding some
thing ; a hollow structure made to float on water,
used for conveyance, &c: a tube in which fluids,
as blood, &c. is contained. [It. vasello, L. tw
cellum, dim. oivas, vassis, a vase.]
Vest, vest, n., that which is Put on as dress; a
garment : a waistcoat.v.t. to clothe : to invest :
in law, to give fixed right of possession.vd ta
descend or to take efTect, as a right ipr.p. vest
ing : pa.p. vest'ed. [L. vestis, Gr. hesthes ; Goth.
vasjan, to clothe, Gr. hennumi, hcx$t to put on;
Sans, vas, to wear,.putsomething
on.] , put on, a gar
vestment, vest'ment,
ment ; a long outer robe. [L. vestimenium
vestio, to clothevestis, a garment.]
vestry.ves'tri, . a room attached to a church inwhich
the vestments are kept and parochial meeting?
held : an assembly of the managers of parochial
affairs. [L. vestiariumvestiarius, belonging
to clothesvestis, a garment.)
vesture, vest'ur, ., clothing; dress : a robe : a gar
ment. [It. vestura, lowL. vestituraL. vestit ]
Vestal, ves'tal, adj. , pertaining to or consecrated
to the service of Vesta, a virgin goddess anions
the Romans : chaste ; pure.
Vestibule, ves'ti-bQl, . lit. not a dtve/ling-jAzcx :
an open court or porch before a house ; a hall
next the entrance to a house : in anat.. a cavity
forming part of the ear. [L. vestibulumr*,
not, stabulum, a standing-place, a dwelling
sto, to stand.]
Vestige, ves'tij, n. lit what is leftfront a perst*'*
mOte; mate; m$On; Men.
 Vestment
going; a track or footprint ; traces or remains of
something. [L. vestigiumvestigo, to track
ve, denoting separation, and stick. Sans, stigk,
to ascend, root of Gr. steicltd, Ger. steigen, to go.]
Vestment, Vertry, Vesture. See under Vert.
Vetch, vech, ft. a genus of plants, mostly climbing,
some of which are cultivated for fodder, esp. the
tare. [It. veccia, L. vicia, Gr. bikion.]
Veteran, vct'er-an[ adj., old, experienced; long
exercised, esp. in military life.. one long ex
ercised in any service, esp. in war, [L. veter-
attusvetus, veteris, old.]
Veterinary, vet'er-in-ar-i, adj. "lit. pertaining to
beasts of burden or draugkt ; pertaining to the
art of treating the diseases of domestic animals.
[L. vtterinariusveterinus, a contr. of veket-
erinusveko, to bear, carry.]
veterinarian, vet-er-in-ar'i-an, n. one skilled in the
diseases of domestic animals.
Veto, vC'to, n. {pi. vetoes, -tor) lit. /forbid; any
authoritative prohibition ; the power of reject
ing or forbidding.v.t. to reject by a veto; to
withhold assent to \fr.p. vi'toing ;Pa.p. vfi'toed
(-tOd). [L. veto, to forbid, lit. to leave in the old
State, akin to vetus, old.]
Vex, veks, v.t. lit. to snake in carrying; to harass,
so in /'. ; to torment ; to irritate by small pro
vocations :pr.p. vextng ;Pa.p. vexed'. [L. vexo,
to carry muchveko, to carry.]
vexation, vcks-a'shun, n., tke act ofvexing: state
of being vexed; trouble: a teasing annoyance;
uneasiness. [L. vexatiovexo.]
Taxations, veks-a'shus, adj., causing vexation or
annoyance; teasing: distressing; harassing: full
of trouble. adv. vexa'tlouaiy.n. vexa'tlousneis.
Viaduct, vl'a-dukt, w., a road or railway carried by
a structure over a valley, riverj &c. [L. via, a
way, duco, ductum, to lead, bring.]
vlatlcnm, vi-at'ik-um, n. orig. provisions for tke
way : in R. C. Church, the communion given
to the dying. [L.via, a way.]
Vial . vfat, n. same as Phial.
Viand, vfand, n. lit. tkat wkick is necessary to
life; food, usually in .* articles for food. [Fr.
viande, It. vivandaL. vivo, to live.]
Viaticum. See under Viaduct.
Vibrate, vlTsrat, v.i., to snake, to tremble; to
move backwards and forwards ; to swing : to
pass from one state to another.v.t. to cause to
shake : to move to and fro : to measure by moving
to and fro : to affect with vibratory motion :
pr.p. vtbriiting ; pa.p. vibrated. [L. vibro,
~atum.] vT-bra.'shun, n., Ike act of J'ibrating;
vibration,
state of being vibrated : in pkysics, a vibrating
motion of the particles of an elastic body.
vibratory, yl'bra-tor-i, adj., vibrating; consisting
in vibrations ; causing vibrations.
Vicar, vik'ar, ., one wko acts in place ofanofker:
in the Eng. Church, the priest who supplies the
place of the rector ; the incumbent of an impro
priated benefice.n. vlc'arshlp. [L. vicarius,
supplying the place of anothervicis, change,
alternation]Vicar-apostolic, in R. C. Church,
a missionary bishop or priest having powers from
the pope.Vicar-general, in the Eng. Church, an
officer having powers from the chancellor of a
diocese.vik'ar-iij, ., tke benefice ox residence of
vicarage,
a vicar.
fate, far ; me", her ; mine ;
victorious
vicarial, vT-ka'ri-al, adj., pertaining to a vicar.
vicariate, vi-k;Vri-at, adj. having vicarious or dele
gated power.n. delegated power.
vicarious, vl-ka'ri-us, adj., filling tke place of
anotlier: performed or suffered in place of or
for the sake of another.adv. vice/rlously. [L.
vicarius..]
Vice, vis, n. an instrument consisting of two jaws,
closing by a screiv, for holding anything tightly,
as in filing, &c. [Fr. vis, It. vite, screwL.
vitis, tendril of a vine, anything of a like spiral
form. ]
Vice, vis, n. a blemish or fault : immoral conduct :
depravity ofmanners. [Fr.L. vitium, a blemish
or defect.]
vicious, vish'us, adj., kaving a vice or defect:
corrupt in principles or conduct ; depraved : im
pure, as language or air : given to bad tricks, as
a horse.adv. vVcionsly,n. vl'cionsness.
vitiate, vish'i-at, v.t., to give a vice to; to render
defective: to make less pure; to taint :/r./.
vitiating; pa.p. vi'tiatcd.. vitiation. [L.
vitio, -atumvitium.]
Vice-admiral, vTs-ad'mi-ral, n., one acting in, tke
place of or second in command to an admiral;
a civil officer who exercises admiralty jurisdic
tion. [L. vice, in the place oivicis, change,
and Admiral.]
vice-admiralty, vTs-ad'mi-ral-ti, n., tke office of a
vice-admiral.
Vice-chancellor, vTs-chan'sel-lor, one actingfor
or next in rank to a chancellor. [L. vice, and
Chancellor.]
Vicegerent, vls-jc-'rent, adj., acting in place ofan-
otker, having delegated authority.. one acting
in place ofa superior. [L. vice, zndgerens, -entisr
pr.p. ofgero, to act.]
vicegerency, vls-je'ren-si, n.t tke office or deputed
power ofa vicegerent.
Viceroy, vls'roy, n. one who rules in place of a
king. [Fr. vice-roiL, vice, and rex, king,]
viceregal, vls-rC'gal, adj., pertaining to a viceroy
or viceroyalty.
vlceroyalty, vls-roy'al-ti, vlceroyihlp, vTsroy-ship,
., the office or jurisdiction ofa viceroy.
Vicinage, vis'in-aj, n.t neighbourhood ; places near,
[old Fr. veisinage?>eisin, L. vicinus, neighbour
ingvicus, a row ofhouses, Gr. oikos, a dwelling.)
vicinity, vi-sin'i-ti, ., neigkbourkood; nearness :
that which is near. [L. vicinitasvicinus.]
Vicious, &c. See under Vice, a blemish.
Vicissitude, vi-sisl-tQd, ., ckange from one iking
to another; change ; revolution. [L. vicissitudo
vicis, change, turn.]
Victim, vik'tim, n. lit. tkat vjkick is bound ; a living
being offered as a sacrifice : some thing or person
destroyed in the pursuit of an object: a person
suffering injury. [L. viclima, prob. from vincio,
vinctum, to bind.]
victimise, vik'tim-Tz, v.t., to make a victim of; to
cheat \^r.p. victimising : pa.p. victimised.
Victor, vik tor, ., a conqueror; one who defeats
in battle ; a winner. [L.vinco, victum, to
conquer.
victory, ]
vik'tor-i, tke act ofconquering; success
in any contest ; a battle gained. [L. victoria-
victor.]
victorious, vik-tO'ri-us, adj., relating to victory;
superior in contest ; having overcome an enemy :
producing or indicatingvictory.adv. victorious
ly. [L. victoriosusvictor.]
mote ; mute ; mOOn ; then.
549
 Victuals
Victuals, vitTs (In B. Victual, vir1), n. , that which is
necessary for living; food for human beings;
meat [low L. victualiaL. victualis, relating
to livingvivo,
vitl, v.t. tovictum, to live.]
victual, supply with victuals or food ; to
store with provisions '.Pr-P. victualing ; pa.p.
victualed.
Vidette, same as Vedette
Vie, vl, v.L lit. to war; to strive for superiority:
:Pr.p. vy'ing ;Pa.p. vied'. [A. S. wigan, wiggan,
to carry on warwig, war ; old Ger. wigan, Goth.
veigan.]
View, vQ, the act of seeing; sight: reach of
the sight ; whole extent seen : that which is seen :
direction in which a thing is seen : the picture of
a scene ; a sketch : mental survey : mode of
looking at or receiving ; opinion : intention.v.t.
to see ; to look at attentively : to examine in
tellectually -Pr.p. view'ing ; pa.p. viewed'.n.
Yiew'er. [Fr. vueveut vu, pa.p. of voirh.
video, vules,
to see.]adj., not to be viewed; invisible.
Tiewless,
Vigil, vij'il, n., wakefulness; watching: keeping
awake for religious exercises : the eve before a
feast or fast-day, orig. kept by watching through
the night. [L. vigiliavigil, awake, watchful
vigeo, to be lively.
vigilant, \ij'il-ant, adj.] lit. keeping awake; watch
ful ; on the look-out for danger : circumspect.
adv. vigilantly. [L. vigilans, -antis, pr.p. of
vigilo, to keep awakevigil.]
vigilance, vij'il-ans, n., wakefulness ; watchfulness;
circumspection. [Fr.L. vigilantiavigilans.]
Vignette, vin'yet, n. orig. an ornamental flourish of
vine leaves and tendrils on manuscripts and
books ; any small ornamental engraving. [Fr.
vigne, L. vinea, a vine. See Vine.]
Vigour, vig'ur, ., active strength; physical force :
vital strength in animals or plants : strength of
mind : energy. [L. vigorvtgeo, to be lively or
strong.]vig'ur-us, adj.,full of vigour or physical
vigorous,
strength ; strong either in mind or body.adv.
vigorously. . vig orousness.
Vile, vll, adj. orig. cheap, so in B. ; worthless ;
mean : morally impure ; wicked.adv. vile ly.
. vile'noas. [Fr. ; I*, vilis.]
vilify, vil'i-fT, v.t., to make vile; to attempt to
degrade by slander; to defame .fr.p. vd'ify-
ing ; P&-P- vil'ifled.n. vilin'er. [L. vilis, and
facia, to make,]
vilification, vil-i-fi-ki'shun, ., act ofvilifying.
Villa, vil'a, h. orig. a little village, a farm; a
country residence or seat. [L. villa, for vicula,
dim. oivictts, a village. See Vicinage.]
village, vil'aj, n. orig. a number of houses inhabited
by peasants near the residence of a proprietor or
farmer ; any small assemblage of houses, less
than a town. [It. viliaggioL. villa.]
villager, vil'ij-er, ., an inhabitant ofa village.
villain, vil'an or vil'in, it. orig. a serf attached to a
villa or farm, a villager; a clownish person : a
man extremely degraded ; a deliberate scoundrel,
[old Fr. villain, low L. villanusvilla.]
villainous, vil an-us, adj., like, or suited to a villain ;
depraved : proceeding from extreme depravity :
sorry.adv. viU ainously.
villainy, vil'an-i, ., the act of a villain; extreme
depravity : an atrocious crime.
Vinaigrette. See under Vinegar.
, vin'si-bl, adj., that may be vanquished
fate, far ; me, her ; mine ;
violable
or conquered. [L. vincibilisvinco, to con
quer.]
vincibility, vin-si-bill-ti, the state or quality rf
being vincible.
Vinculum, vingTcu-lum, *t.( that which binds t:*
gether : in math,, a horizontal line placed over-
several quantities to shew that they are to b=
treated as one. [L.vinco, vineturn, to bind.]
Vindicate, vtn'di-kat, v.t. lit. io assert authority ;
to lay claim to : to defend : to maintain by force :
Pr.p. vindicating ; Pa.p. vin'dicated.m. vts-
dlcator. [L. vindico, -aturnvis, vim, power,
influence, dico, to say, assert.]
vindicable, vin'di-kabl, adj., that may he vindi
cated or defended.
vindication, vin-di-ka'shun, n,, act of vindicating;
defence ; justification ; support.
vindicative, vin'di-kal-iv, adj., vindicating; tend
ing to vindicate.
vindicatory, vin'di-ka-tor-i, adj., tending: to vindi
cate: inflicting punishment.
vindictive, vm-ductiv, adj. revengeful.adv. via-
dic'tlvely.. vlndic'tivenw.
Vine, vln, n. the plant from which wine is made;
the woody climbing plant that produces grapes:
in hart., a climbing or trailing plant, or its stem
[L. vinea, a vinevinutn, Gr. oinos, wine.]
Tine-dreawr, vln'-dres-er, n., one who dresses g:
trims, and cultivates vines.
vinegar, vin'e-gar, n. lit. sour wine; an acid
liquor got from fermented and vinous liquors.
[I1 r. vinaigrevin, L. vinum, wine, aigrt, L
acer, sour.]
vinery, vtn'er-i, n. a hot-house,/Sw rearing vines.
vineyard, vin'yard, n., a yard or enclosure for
rearing grape-vines ; a plantation of grape-vines.
vinous, vfnus, adj., pertaining to, or having the
qualities of wine. [L. vinosusvinum.}
vintage, vintaj, ., the gathering ofgrapes ; the
yearly produce of grapes ; the time of grape-
gathering. [Fr. vendange, L. vindemiavinum.
wine, grapes, and demo, to removede, out cf
or away, and erne, to take.]
vintner, vint'ner, n. orig. a win*
keeper, [old Fr. vinetier, L. i
dresser.]
Viol, vT'ul, *. lit. that which makes one skip lOt
a calf or to be merry ; an old musical instru
ment like the violin, with six strings. [Fr. viole,
It. viola, Prov. vinla, low L. vidula, vitmla,
from L. vitulari, to skip like a calf, to make
merryvitula, a calf : or from L. fidicula, dim.
offides, a fiddle.]
violist, vl'ol-ist, violinist, vT-o-lin'ist, ., a player
on the viol, or on the violin.
violin, vT-o-lin', . a musical instrument of four
strings played with a bow; a fiddle. [Fr. vUles,
It. viottno.]
violoncello, ve-o-lon-cheHo, or -sello, n. a bass
violin. [Il, dim. of vwlone, a bass violin
viola.]
violoncellist, ve-o-lon-chenist, or -sellist, *
player on the violoncello.
Violable. See under Violate.
Violate, vl'o-Ia.t, v.t., to treat with force; to in
jure : to abuse ; to ravish : to profane ; to break
forcibly : to transgress :Pr.p. vT*ol5.ring ; po~t-
vl'olated.. vi'olator. [L. vieio, -atum- ~
Gr. is, strength, force.]
violable, vl'o-la-bl, adj., that maybe vi&lai*
jured, or broken. [L. violabilis.}
mOte ; mute ;
 violation
violation, vT-o-Ia'shun, n., the act of violating or
injuring : infringement; non-observance ; profan
ation : rape.
violent, vT'o-lent, adj. acting with physicalforce or
strength : moved by strong feeling ; passionate ;
vehement: outrageous: produced by force : un
natural.adv. violently. [Fr.t L. violentusvis.]
violence, vl'o-lens, the state or quality ofbeing
violent i force, physical or moral: unjust force;
outrage : profanation; injury: rape. [L. violentin
violentus, violent]
Violet, vl o-let, n. a plant of many species, with a
flower generally of some shade of blue : the
colour of the violet, a bluish or light purple.
adj. of the colour of the violet, bluish or light
purple. [Fr. violettet L. viola, Gr. ion.}
Violin, Violoncello, &c See under VioL
Viper, vfper, n. a poisonous reptile of the order of
snakes, once believed to be the only serpent that
broughtforth livingyoung: any base, malicious
person. [L. vipera, contr. of viviperavivus,
living, and Pario, to bring forth.]
viperous, vfper-us, adj., having the qualities ofa
viper; venomous; malignant. [L. vipereus.]
Virago, vi-rii'go, . a woman having the qualities
of a man; a bold, impudent woman; a terma
gant. [L., akin to vir, a man.]
Virgin, ver'jin, n., a fresh, blooming woman ; a
maiden ; a woman who has had no sexual inter
course with man ; in B., a person of either sex
who has not known sexual intercourse : in astr.,
Virgo, one of the signs of the zodiac.adj. be
coming a maiden ; maidenly ; pure ; chaste ; un
dented: fresh. [It. vergini, L. virgo, virginis,
from vireo, to be green or fresh.]
virginal, ver'jin-al, n. an old musical instrument,
prob. so called from being used by virgins.
virginity, ver-jin'it-i, #., the state ofa virgin.
Virgo, vcr go, ., the Virgin, in the zodiac.
Viridity, vi-rid'it-i, ., verdure; greenness. [L.
ziiriditasviridis, greenvireo.\ See Verdant.
Virile, vir'il, or -Tl, adj., ofor belonging to a man or
to the male sex ; masculine ; manly. [L. virilis
vir, a man, conn, with Gr. herds, a hero,
Goth, vairs, Gael, fear. Sans, vir, to be valiant,
vtru, strong.]
virility, vir-il'it-i, the state or quality of being
a man ; the power of a full-grown male ; the
power of procreation ; manhood. [L. virilitas,]
virtue, ver'tu, n., manliness; strength, so in B. "
force ; power : excellence ; worth : moral excel
lence ; the practice of duty ; a moral excellence :
female chastity; purity. [It. virtu,h. virtusvir.]
virtual, vert'u-aL adj., having virtue or efficacy ;
having the efficacy without the material part; in
effect though not m fact.adv. virtually.
virtuous, verpQ-us, adj., having virtue or moral
goodness ; blameless ; righteous ; practising
duty; being according to the moral law ; chaste
(of a woman).adv. vlrt uoualy.
virtu, vcr'tQ, or -too, n. lit. virtue; a love of the
fine arts ; taste for curiosities ; objects of art or
antiquity. [It.]
virtuoso, ver-ta-O'so, or too-O'zo, n. (pi. virtuosi)
lit. one devoted to virtu ; one skilled in the fine
arts, in antiquities, curiosities, and the like.
Virulence, &c. See under Virus.
Virus, vlr'us, n., a slimy liquid; contagious or
poisonous matter {as of ulcers, &c.) ; the poison
which causes infection : any foul, hurtful matter.
[L., Gr. ios, Sans, visha, poison. ]
fate, far ; me", her ; mine ;
Vitreous
virulent, vir'fl-lent, adj.,full ofpoison ; very active
in injury: bitter in enmity; spiteful,adv. vir/-
ulently.n. virulence.
Visage, viz'aj, or ej, ., that which is visible or
seen; the face or look, [low L. visagiumL.
visus, a thing seenvideo, to see.]
visaged, viz'ajd, adj., having a visage or counten
ance.
Viacera, vis'er-a, n.pl. the inner parts of the animal
body ; the entrails. [L. viscus, pi. viscera.]
visceral, vis'cr-al, adj. , pertaining to the viscera.
Viscid, vis'id, adj., having the qualities of bird
lime; sticky ; tenacious. n. viacld'ity. [L. vis-
cidusviscus, Gr. Ltros, the mistletoe, birdlime
made from mistletoe berries.]
viscous, vis'kus, adj., having tlte qualities ofbird
lime ; sticky ; tenacious.. viscosity. [L.
viscosus.]
Viscount, vfkount, *. lit. and orig. a vice-count;
an officer who formerly supplied the place of the
count or earl ; a title of nobility next below an
czrl.fem. vuVcounteas. [old Fr. viscomte, vice-
cornte, low L. vice-comes, from L. vice, in place
of, and comes, a companion. See Count.]
Vision, vizh'un, ., the act or sense of seeing;
sight: anything seen ; anything imagined to he
seen : a divine revelation : an apparition ; any
thing imaginary. [Fr., L. visio, visionisvideo,
visum, to seeroot id, as in Gr. eidd, Sans, vid,
to see.]
visionary, vizh'un-ar-i, adj., affected by visions'.
existing in imagination only; not real.n. one
who forms impracticable schemes,
risible, viz'i-bl, adj., that may be seen ; obvious.
adv. vis'lbly.n. via'lbleneas. [L. visibilis.]
visibility, viz-i-bil'i-ti, n., state or quality of being
visible, or perceivable by the eye.
visit, viz'it, v.t., to go to see or inspect ; to attend ; to
call on : in B., to reward or punish.v.i. to be
in the habit of seeing or meeting each other; to
keep up acquaintance yis'iting ; Pa-p.
visited.n.,act ofvisiting or going to sec. [Fr.
visiter; L. visito, freq, of vtso, to go to see,
visitvideo, to see.]
visitant, vi/i-tam, ., one who visits; one who is
a guest in the house of another,
visitation, viz-i-tA'shun, n., act ofvisiting; exami
nation by authority : retribution,
visitor, viz'it-ur, n,, one who visits; one who
inspects or examines,
vialtorial, viz-it-o'ri-al, adj., belonging to ajudicial
visitor, or one who inspects or examines,
visor, vir/ur, n. a part of a helmet covering the face,
perforated tow through. [Yr.visiereL. video.}
visored, viz'urd, adj. , wearing a visor; masked,
vista, vis'ta, n.t a view or prospect through or as
through an avenue ; the trees, &c that form the
avenue. [It. vista, sight, viewL. video, to see.]
visual, vizh'O-al, adj., belonging to vision or sight ;
used in sight ; used for seeing.
Vital, vftal, adj., belonging or contributing to life;
containing life : important as life ; essential.
adv. vi tally. [L. vitalisvita, life.]
vitality, vl-tan-ti, quality of being vital;
principle or power of life. [L. vitalitas.}
vitalise, vl'tal-Iz, v.t., to make vital or alive; to
give life to or furnish with the vital principle,
vitals, vl'talz, n.pt. parts essential to life.
Vitiate, &c See under Vice.
VltreoM,vitn-us,rt</;.,/7/wrv pertaining to, consist
ing of, or like glass. [L. vitreusvitrum, glass.]
; mute ; mOon; then.
 vitresoent voluminous
vitreicent, vi-tres'ent, adj. that may beformed into voice, vois, ft., sound from the mouth ; sound given
glass; tending to become glass.n. vitrese'ence. out by anything ; utterance or mode of utter
vitrify, vitVi-fl, v.t., to make into glass.v.i. to ance ; language ; expression : expressed opinion ;
become glass :/*"./. vit'rifying ; pa.p. vit'rifled. vote : mode of inflecting verbs.v.t. to fit for
[L. vitrum, glass, and facto, to make.] sounding ; to regulate the tone of :Pr.p. voic'-
vitrifaction, vit-ri-fak'shun, n., act, process, or ing ; pa.p. voiced'. [Fr. voix; It. voce : L. vox,
operation of vitrifying, or converting into glass. vocis.]
vitrifiable, vit'ri-fl-a-bl, adj. that may be vitri voiceless, voisles, adj., having no voice or vote.
fied or turned into glass. Vogue, vflg, n. lit. way, course; mode, practice:
vitriol, vit'ri-ol, a. a soluble sulphate of any metal, popular reception. [Fr. vogue, rowing, course of
so called prob. from having the colour of glass ; a shipvaguer, to row, Ger. wogen, to move.}
the popular name of sulphuric acid.
vitriolic, vit-ri-ol'ik, adj., pertaining to, or having Voice, Voiceless. See under VoeaX
Void, void, adj. lit. separated; unoccupied; empty,
the qualities of vitriol. so in B. ; having no binding force : wanting ;
Vituperate, vT-tu'per-at, v.t. lit. to set forth the unsubstantial.n.
faults of; to find fault with ; to censure :pf.p. vacant ; to quit ; toan send empty space.v.t. to make
out ; to render of no
vituperating; pa.p. vTtu'perSted. [L. vitupero, effect :/r.A void'ing ; Pa.p. void'ed. [old Fr.
-atutnvittum, a fault, and paro, to set out.] voidL. viduus, bereftroot vid, to separate :
vituperation, vI-tQ-per-i'shun, n., act of vituperat
ing; blame; censure ; abuse. [L. vituferatt'o.] voidable, voida-bl, adj., tliat mayWide.]
according to Wedgwood akin to
be voided or
vituperative, vl-tu'per-a-tiv, adj., containing vitu evacuated.
peration or censure.adv. vitn'peratively. voldance, void'ans, n., act ofvoiding^ emptying ;
Vivacious, vl-va'shus, adj., lively or long-lived; state of being void ; ejection.
active; sportive. adv. viva'ciously.. vivs>'- Volant, vfllant, adj., flying ; nimble. [L. vclans,
dousness. [L. vivax, vivacisvivo, to live.] -antis, pr.p. oivolo, to fly.]
vivacity, vT-vasl-ti, ., quality ofbeing vivacious ; volatile,
life ; animation ; liveliness or spnghtliness of away orvol'a-tll. adj. lit. flying; apt to waste
fly off by evaporation ; flighty : apt to
temper or behaviour. [L- vivacitasT] change. [L. volatilis, flyingvolo, to fly.]
vivid, viv'id, adj., lively or life-like; having the volatileness, vol'a-til-nes, volatility, vol-a-til i-ti,
appearance of life ; forming brilliant images in quality of being volatile; disposition to evapo
the mind : striking.adv. vividly.*, viv idness. rate : sprightliness ; fickleness.
vivify, viv'i-fT, v.t., to make vivid or alive; to volatilise, vol'a-til-Iz, v.t., to make volatile; to
endue with life :pr.p. vivifying ; Pa.p. viv'i- cause to evaporate :pr.p. vol'atilTsing ; At./,
fled. [L. vivus, a.\ivc,fado, to make.] vol'atillsed.. volatilisa'tion. [Fr. volatiiiser.)
viviparous, vT-vip'a-rus, adj., producing young volatilisation, vol-a-til-i-za'shun, n., act or process
alive. [L. vivus, alive, and fario, to produce.] ofmaking volatile or evaporating.
vivisection, viv-i-sek'shun, ., dissection of a living Volcano, vol-kii'no, n. lit. a mountain of VuLan, the
animal. [L. vivus, alive, sectioseco, to cut.]
Vixen, vik'sen, n. lit. a shefox ; an ill-tempered god lava,
of fire ; a mountain from which smoke, flame,
&c. are thrown. [It, volcanoL. Vui-
woman. [X.S.flxen, a she-foxPox.] canus.)
Vizard, yiz'ard, n. same as Viior. volcanic, vol-kan'ik, adj., pertaining to, produced,
Vizier, vi/yer, . lit. a burden-bearer; an oriental or affected by a volcano. [Fr. volcantque.\
minister or councillor of state. [Ar. wezir, wazir, Volition, vO-lish'un. ., act ofwilling or choosing ;
a porterwazara, to bear a burden.] the exercise of the will ; the power of determin
Vocal, vOTcal, adj., having a voice; uttered or ing, [from L. volo, to will, be willing.]
changed by the voice.adv. vocally. [L. vocalis Volley, vol'i, ., a flight of shot ; the discharge of
vox, vocis, a voice, akin to voco, to call, Sans. many small-arms at once : an outburst of many
vach, to speak.]
vocalise, vO'kal-Iz, v.i., to make vocal ; to form into Pr.p. volleying ; pa.p.to voU'eyed.
things at once.v.t. discharge in a volley:
[Fr. voUe, a
voice 'pr.p, vO'callsing ; Pa.p. v<J'calTsed.
vocalisation, vG-kal-i-za'shun, ., act ofvocalising. Volt, vOlt, . a turn or boundfly.]; a sudden movement
flightvoter, L. volo, to
vocalist, vO'kal-ist, n., a vocal musician, a singer. or leap to avoid a thrust ; a gait of two treads
vocable, vOlca-bl, . that which is sounded with made by a horse going sideways round a centre.
the voice; a word ; a name. [L. vocabulum [Fr. volteL. volvo, volutum, to turn.]
voco, to call.]
vocabulary, vo-kab'u-lar-i, n., a list of vocables or Voltaic, vol-ta'ik, adj., pertaining to or originated
by Volta, an Italian ; pertaining to Voltaism.
words explained in alphabetical order ; a dic voltalsm, vol'ta-izm, n. same as Galvanism.
tionary ; any collection of words, [low L. vocab-
nlarium.] Voluble, vol'Q-bt, adj., easy to rollor move : flowing
vocation, vo-k;Vshun, call or act of calling; smoothly ; fluent in speech.adv. vol ubly. [L.
calling: occupation. [L. vocatiovoco.] volubiiisvolvo, volutum, to roll.]
vocative, vok'a-tiv, adj., used in calling.. the volubility, vol-Q-bil'i-ti, ., state or qualityefbeing
case of a word when the person or thing is ad voluble ; fluency of speech.
dressed. [L. vocativus.] volume, vol'Qm, . lit. a roll or scroll, so in B.; a
vociferate, vo-sif'er-fit, v.i., to cry with a loudvoice. book: space occupied; dimensions: fulness of
v.t. to utter with a loud voice '.-Pr.p. vocif voice. [L. volumen, a rollvolvo, volutum, \o
erating ; Pa.p. vociferated. [L. vocifcror, -attts roll.]
vox, vocis, voice, andfero, to carry.] volumed, vot'Omd, adj. having the form of a volume
vociferation, vo-sif-cr-u'shun, n.,act ofvociferating; or roll ; of volume or bulk.
a violent or loud outcry. [L. vociferatio.] voluminous, vo-lu'mi-nus, adj., consisting of many
vociferous, vo-sifer-us, adj., making a loudoutcry ; volttmesoT books, or ofmany coils : havingwrittea
noisy.-adv. vodferously. much.adv. volu'minously.n. volu'minouanesc.
fate, far ; mC, her ; mine ; mOte ; mate ; mSOn ; thca.
55*
 Voluntary Wafer
condescend to
Voluntary, vol'un-tar-i, adj., witling; acting by pr.p. vouchsafing ; pa.p. vouchsafed'. grant.v.i. to condescend 3
choice ; free : proceeding from the will ; subject
to the wilt ; done by design or without compul Vow. See under Vote,
sion. n. one who does anything of his own free Vowel, vow'el, n. a simple vocal sound ; the letter
will : a piece of music played at will.adv. vol representing such a sound.adj. vocal; pertain
untarily. . voluntariness. [L. voluntaries ing to a vowel. [Fr. voyelle ; It. vocaUL.
voluntas,voI-un-teV,
choicevale, to will.]
who enters any ser vocalisvox, vocis, the voice.]
volunteer, n. one
vice, esp. military, voluntarily or of his ownfree Voyage, by
voy'aj, . lit. a going on the way; passage
water.v.i. to make a voyage, or to pass by
choice.adj. entering into service voluntarily. water \-~pr.p. voyaging;
v.t. to offer voluntarily.v.i. to enter into any voy'ager. [Fr, ; L. viaticum,pa.p. voyaged.n.
service of one's own free-will or without being Fr. vote, L. via, a way.] journey provision
asked XPr.p. volunteering ; pa.p. volunteered'. Vulcanise, vulTcan-Tz, v.t. to combine with sulphur
Voluptuous, vo-lupt'O-us, adj., full of pleasure; by heat, as caoutchouc '.pr.p. vulcanising ;
given to excess of pleasure, esp. sensual.adv. Pa.p. vulcanised, [from L. Vulcanus, Vulcan-,
volupt'uously.. volupt'uousness. [L. voluptu- the god of fire.]
osusvoluntas, pleasurevolo, to wish.] vulcanite, vul'kan-Tt, . caoutchouc vulcanised, or
voluptuary, vo-luptO-ar-i, n. a voluptuous person combined with sulphur.
or one excessively given to bodily enjoyments Vulvar, vul'gar, adj., pertaining to, or used by the
or luxury [L. voluptuariusvoluptas.]
Volute, vo-Iflt', n. a kind of rolled or spiral scroll common people, native ; common ; mean or low;
rude.n. the common people.adv. vul'garly.
used in Greek capitals. [Fr.L. volvo, volu- [L. vulgarisvulgus, the people.]
tum, tovo-lQt'ed,
voluted, roll.] adj., having a volute. vulgarise, vul'gar-Tz, v.t., to make vulgar or rude :
Pr.p. vulgarising ; Pa.p. vulgarised,
Vomit, vom'it, v.i., to throw up the contents of the vulgarism, vul'gar-izm, ., a vulgar phrase.
stomach by the mouth.v.t. to throw out with vulgarity, vul-gar'it-t, ., quality of being vulgar ;
violence:Pr.p. vom'iting : Pa.p. vom'ited.. mean condition of life ; rudeness of manners,
matter ejected from the stomach : something that vulgate. vul'gat, n. an ancient Latin version of the
excites vomiting. [L. vomo, -itum, to throw up ; Scriptures, so called from its common use in the
allied tovom'i-tor-i,
root of Emetic] R. C. Church. [L. vulgatus, commonvutgo,
vomitory, adj., causing to vomit. to make commonvulgus.)
a vomit or emetic ; a door of a large building by Vulnerable, vul'ncr-a-bl, adj. , capable of being
which the crowd is let out. [L. vomitorius.) wounded; liable to injury. [L. vulneraoilis
Voracious,vo-ri'shus,adj. , eagerlodevour; greedy; vulnero, to woundvulnus, vulneris, a wound. ]
very hungry.adv. voraciously. [L. vorax, vulnerary, vul'ner-ar-i, adj. , pertaining to wounds ;
veracisvoro, useful in healing wounds.n. anything useful in
voracity, vo-ras'i-ti,to .,
devour.]
quality ofbeing voracious. curing wounds. [L. vulnerariusvulnus.]
[L. voracitas.] Vulpine, vul'pln, adj. , relating to, or like thefox;
Vortex, vor'teks, n., a whirling motion of water cunning. [L. vulpinusvulpes, a fox.]
forming a cavity in the centre ; a whirlpool : a
whirlwind. [L. vortex, vertexvorto, verto, Vulture, vult'Or, . a large rapacious bird of prey.
1L. vultur ; prob. from vello, to pluck, to tear.l
to turn.]vor'tik-al, adj., whirling. vultuiine, vult'ur-in, vulturish, vult'ur-ish, adj., like
vortical, the vulture; rapacious.
Votary, vfl'tar-i, adj. bound or consecrated by a
vow.n. one devoted as by a vow to some ser
vice, worship, &c.fem. vo taress, [low L. vot- w
ariusvoveo,
vOt, . lit. avotum,
voiv ortoardent
vow.] wish ; expression Waeke, wak'e, . a soft, grayish
Vote, kind ofrock. [Ger.]
of a wish or opinion, as to a matter in which one Wad, wod, n. a mass of loose matter thrust close
has interest ; that by which a choice is expressed, together, as hay, tow, &c. ; a little mass of paper,
as a ballot ; decision by a majority.v.i. to ex tow, or the like, to keep the charge in a gun.
press the choice by a vote.v.t. to choose by v.t. to form into a mass ; to stuff a wad into :
vote :pr.p. voYing ; Pa.p. vot'ed.. vot'er. jr.p. wadd'ing; Pa.p. wadded. [Ger. watte;
[L. votum, a wishvoveo, votum, to vow.] Fr. ouate; alfied to A.S. wad, old Ger. wat,
votive, vOt'iv, adj., given by vow; vowed.adv. garment.]
voflvely. [L. votivusvotum, a vow.]
vow, vow, m. a solemn promise to God ; a promise wads ; wod'ing, wadding, n. a wad, or the materials for
a soft stuff, also sheets of carded cotton
of fidelity or affection.v.t. to give by solemn for stuffing garments,
promise ; to devote.v.i. to make vows :Pr.p. Waddle, wod'I, v.i. to take short steps and move
vow*ing ; Pa.p. vowed', (old Fr. vow; L. votum from side to side in walking :Pr.p. wadd'ling ;
z'oveo.] pa.p. waddledn. waddler. [A.S. wadlian,
Vouch, vouch, v.t., to call upon to witness; to lo wanderwadan, to go ; Ger. wadeln, conn,
affirm strongly ; to warrant ; to attest.v.i. to with Wag, Waggle.]
bear witness; to give testimony:pr.p. vouch Wade, wad, v.i. lit, to go through water; to walk
ing : pa.p. vouched', [old Fr. voucher, vocher, through any substance that yields to the feet, as
to call vouch'er,
to defendL. voco,whoto call.]
voucher, ft., one vouches or gives water; to pass with difficulty or labour:/*-./,
witness : a paper which vouches or confirms the wad ing ; Pa.p. wad'ed.n. wad'er. [A.S. wadart,
Ger. waten ; L, vadovadum, a ford ; prob.
truth of vouch-saf,
vouchsafe, anything, asv.t.accounts.
lit. to vouch or warrant akin to L. udus, wet ; Ger. wasser, E. Water.]
safe; to sanction or allow without danger; to Wafer, wa'fer, . a thin cake, usually round, esp. of
fate, fir ; me", her ; mine ; mote ; mute ; mOOn ; Men.
553
 Waft
bread, used in the Eucharist in the R. C. Church ;
a thin leaf of coloured paste for scaling letters,
&c.v.t. to close with a wafer, [old Fr. waufre,
Fr. gaufre, low L. gafrum, a cake ; Ger. waffel;
prob. conn, with wabe, honeycomb, and Weave. ]
Waft, waft or waft, v.t. to bear through a fluid
medium, as air or water.v.i. to float :Pr.p.
wafting;"/a./, waft'ed.n. a floating body; a
signal made by moving something, as a flag, in
the air.n. waft'er. [Sw. vefta, to fan, waft ;
Scot- waff, waif, to blow : perh. allied to Ware.]
Wag, wag, v.t. and i. to move from side to side ;
to shake to and fro:pr.p. wagging; Pa.p.
wagged'. [A. S. wegan, wagian ; old Ger. wegen.]
wag, wag, ft. a droll, mischievous fellow ; a man
full of sport and humour ; a wit. [probably from
wagging the head in derision.]
waggery, wag'er-i, . the tricks, or manner of a
wag; mischievous merriment ; pleasantry,
waggiah, wag'ish, adj., like a wag; mischievous
or roguish in sport ; done in waggery or sport.
adv. waggishly.n. wagg'nuuieai.
waggle, wagl, v.i. and v.t., to wag or move from
side to side :/r./. waggling ; Pa.p. waggled.
[freq. of Wag.]
wagtail, wag'tal, . a small bird, so named from its
constantly wagging its tail.
Wag*, wij, v. t. lit. to gage orpledge ; to challenge ;
to engage in as if by pledge ; to carry on :Pr.p.
waging ; pa.p. waged'.. igage or stake ; that
for which one labours ; wages, [old Fr. wager,
gagrr, to pledgewage, gage, A.S. wed, L.
Z'oj, vads's, Goth, vadi, a pledge. Sec Wed, Gage.]
wager, wuj'er, n. , that which is wagedorpledged;
something staked on the issue of anything ; that
on which bets are laid : in law, an offer to make
oath.v.t. to hazard on the issue of anything,
v.i. to lay a wager :pr.p. watering ; Pa.p.
wflg'ered.n.wag'erer. [old Fr.wagiere,gagiere.]
wages, waj'es, n.pl. (used as sing.), wage; that
which is paid for services, [pi. of Wage.]
Waggery, Waggish, Waggle, &c. See under Wag.
Waggon, Wagon, wag'un, n. lit. that which carries ;
a vehicle on wheels for goods or passengers.
[A.S. ivagen, wan, Ice. vagn, L. vehes, Sans.
vahana-L. veho, Sans, vah, to carry.]
waggoner, wagoner, wag'un-er, n., one who conducts
a wagon.
wain, wan, a wagon.
Wagtail. See under Wag.
Walt See under Waive.
Wall, wal, v.i., to cry woe; to lament or sorrow
audibly.v.t. to bemoan; to grieve over.n.
a cry of woe; loud weeping. [Ice. vala, to
lament ; Ir. waill; W. zvylaw, to weep, lament ;
from the sound.] See Woe.
walling, waling, n., wail.adv. wail'lngly.
Wain. See under Waggon.
Wainscot, wan'skot, n. lit. wall timber or boards;
the panelled boards on the walls of apartments.
v.t. to line with boards or panels :pr.p.
wain'scoting ; Pa.p. wain'scoted. [A.S. wag,
wait, a wall, and scot orsc/iot, Ger. scheit, a split
or cut-piece of timberscheiden, to divide.]
Waiit, wast, ft. lit. the place where the body is
squeezed in; the part of the human body just
under the ribs: the middle part of a ship. [W.
gwasggwasgw, GaeI._/fcrf,to squeeze or press.]
waistband, wast'band, n. the band or part of a gar
ment which encircles the waist.
fate, far; me, her; mine ;
554
Wallow
waistcoat, wasrltOt, n. a short coat worn immedi
ately under the coat, and fitting tightly the moist.
Walt, wat, v.i. lit to watch ; to stayin expectation ;
to remain; to lie in ambush.v.t. to stay for;
to await i^r.p. waiting ; Pa.p. wait'ed. [old
Fr. waiter, to watch, attend ; old Ger. woJUck,
Ice. vakta, to watchwaka, to wake : conn,
with Wake.]In wait, in B., in ambush.
waiter, water, one who waits; an attending
servant : a server or tmy.fem. waitress.
Waive, w3v, v.t. lit. to wander mp and down; to
relinquish ; to give up claim to ; not to insist
on :~pr.p. waiving ;pa.p. waived'. [A.S. vafiam,
Scot, waif, waff, to blow, to move to and fro.]
waif, wif, n.j that which is waived or cast away;
anything found astray without an owner, [Fr.
gaif; low L. wayfiutn.\
Wake, wak, v.i. lit. to be stirring or lively; to
cease from sleep ; to watch, .so in B. ; to be
roused up.v.t. to rouse; to revive; to put ia
action :pr.p. waking ; Pa.p. waked'. [A. S. wa-
catt, Ice. vaka, Ger. wachen: A.S. wacol, L.
vigil, waking, watchfulvigeo, to be lively.)
wake, wak, n., act of waking; feast of the dedi
cation of a church, formerly kept by watching
all night ; sitting up of persons with a corpse.
wakeful, wak'fool, adj., being awake; indisposed
to sleep; vigilant.adv. wake'folly.. wake -
fulnesi.
waken, wik'n, v.t. and v.i., to wake or awake:
Pr.p. wakening ; pa.p. wak'ened.
Wake, wak, . the streak of smooth water left ia
the track of a ship, [perhaps conn, with Finn.
wako, Esthon. waggo, a furrow.]
Wale, wal, n,, the mark of a rod or whip on the
flesh ; a raised streak left by a stripe ; a ridge on
the surface of cloth ; a plank along a ship's side.
v.t. to mark with wales. [A.S. waJtt, the
mark of a stripe or blow ; Sw. wal, a rod, stick ;
Prov. waule, Fr. goule, a long pole. ]
Walk, wawk, v.i., to move along on foot without
running; in to conduct one's self; to act
or behave ; to live ; to be guided by.v.t. to
pass through or upon ; to cause to walk :pr.i.
walk'ing ; pa.p. walked'. [A.S. wealcan, to roll,
turn, old Ger. walkatt, to revolve ; Ice. x^alka,
to roll ; conn.with Ger. ivallen, to move, live]
walk, wawk, ., act or manner of walking: that
in or through which one walks : distance walked
over : place for walking ; path : place for animals
grazing : conduct ; course of life.
Wall, wawl, n. lit. and orig. a fence of stakes; an
erection of brick, stone, &c. for a fence or secur
ity ; the side of a buildmg :in >/. fortifications.
v.t. to enclose with or as with a wall ; to de
fend with walls ~~Pr'P- walling ; pa.p. walled'.
[A.S. weall, wait; Dutch, wal, rampart; L.
vallum, a rampart of palisadesvallus, a stake]
wallflower, wawlflow-er, n. a plant with fragrant
yellowflowers, found on old walls.
wall-fruit, wawl'-fn5ot, n. ,fruit growing on a wail
Wallet, wolct, ft. a bag for carrying necessaries on
ajourney ; a knapsack ; a pocket-book, (per
haps from Ger. waller, a travellerwallen, to
go.J
Wallflower. See under Wall-
Wallow, wol'o, v.t'., to roll ends self about, as in
mire ; to live in filth or gross vice %.pr.p. wall
owing ; pa.p. wallowed. [A.S. walwian, Goth.
valvjan, L. volvo, Ger. vallen, to roll ; allied
to Sans, valg, to move one's self,]
mote ; mate ; moon ; then.
 Walnut
Walnut, wawl'nut, n. lit the foreign nut; a tree
of America and Asia, with a well-known nut ;
its nut or fruit. [AS. wealk-knutwealh, a
foreigner, htut, a nut ; Ger. walnuts.]
Walrus, wol'rus, n. lit the whale horse ; an aquatic
animal, allied to the seal, having long canine
teeth. [Ger. waitresssoot of Whale, and ross,
a horse.]
Waltz, wawlts, n. lit the revolving' dance; a
German national dance performed by two persons
with a rapid whirling motion ; the music for it.
v.i. to dance a waltz :pr.p. waltr/ing; /a./.
waltzed'. [Ger. waiterwalsen, to rolL]
Wan, won, adj. lit vain, faint ; wanting colour ;
pale and sickly ; languid. adv. wan'ly.n.
wan'nesa, [A.S. wana, wanting, wan, pale;
W. gwan, weak, faint ; L. vanus, empty. ]
wane, wan, v.i., to grow wan or faint ; to fail ; to
decrease \~Pr.p. wining ; Pa.p. wined'..
decline ; decrease. [A.S. wantanwana.}
Wand, wond, *. lit. a shoot of a tree ; a long
slender rod ; a rod of authority, or of conjurors.
[Dan. vaand; Ice. vSndr, a shoot of a tree.]
Wander, won'der, v.i. lit. to wend or move to
andfro; to ramble with no definite object; to
J;o astray, lit or fig. ; to leave home ; to depart
rom the subject; to be delirious \pr.p. wan'-
dering; wan'dered.n, wanderer. [AS.
wandrian, Ger. wandem, to wander ; old Ger.
wantalon, to move to and fro; probably allied
to Wend, Bend.]
Wane. See under Wan.
Want, wont, n. lit. the state of having waned ox
being deficient ; state of being without any
thing : absence of what is needful or desired ;
poverty; scarcity; need.v.i. to be destitute
of ; to need ; to feel need of ; to fall short ; to
wish for:v.i. to be deficient; to fall short:
pr.p. want'ing ; pa./, wanted. [Ice. vanta,
to be wanting ; from root of Wan, Wan*.]
wanting, wont'ing, adj. absent ; deficient.
Wanton, won'tun, adj. lit apt to run off or rove ;
moving or playing loosely ; roving in sport ;
frisky : wandering from rectitude ; licentious :
running to excess ; unrestrained ; irregular.
adv. wan tonly.n. wan'tonneis. [W. gwantan,
apt to run off, wanton, gwantu, to sever, perh.
from chwant, desire, chwanta, to lust.]
wanton, won'tun, n., a wanton or ,lewd person;
a triflcr.v.i. to ramble without restraint ; to
frolic ; to play lasciviously '.pr.p. wan'toning ;
Pa.p. wan toned.
War, wawr, n. lit. confusion, broil; a state of op
position or contest ; a contest between states
carried on by arms ; open hostility ; the profes
sion of arms.v.t. and v.i. to make war; to
contend ; to fight '.pr.p. warring ; pa.p.
warred'. [AS., old Fr. werre; Fr. guerre ; old
Ger. werra, quarrelwerran, to contend ; Ger.
wirren, to confound, embroil.]
warfare, wawr'fir, ft., a carrying on war; military
life ; war ; contest or struggle. [War, and Fart.}
warlike, wawrflk, adj., like, fit, or disposed for
war; belonging to war ; soldierly.
warrior, wawri-or, one engaged in war; a
soldier.
Warble, wawrTil, v.i. lit to whirl or quaver rapidly ;
to sing in a quavering way, or with variations ;
to chirp as birds do.v.t. to sing in a vibratory
manner; to utter musically; to carol:-pr.p.
{ate, far ; me, her ;
Warrant
war'bu'ng ; Pa.p. warTjled.n. a quavering modu
lation of the voice; a song, [old E. werbelle;
old Fr. werbler; Ger. wirbeln, to whirl, warble ;
akin to Whirl and Trill.)
warbler, wawr'bler, one t/tat warbles; a song
ster; a singing-bird.
Ward, wawrd, v.t, to guard or take cart of; to
keep in safety; to fend offv.i. to act on the
defensive :pr.p. ward'ing ; pa.p. ward'ed.n.
act of warding, watch ; one whose business is to
ward or defend ; state of being guarded : means
of guarding : one who is under a guardian : a
division of a city, hospital, &c. : that which
guards a lock or hinders any but the right key
from opening it: in B., guard, prison. [A.S.
weardian, Ger. warten, Fr. garder, W. gwara.
Sans, vri, to keep, defend, protect]
warden, wawrd en, n., one who wards or guards ;
a keeper, [old . wardein.]. ward'smtdp.
warder, wawrd'er, ., one who wards or keeps ;
a keeper.
wardrobe, wawrd'rob, n. a room or portable closet
for robes or clothes ; wearing apparel
ward-room, wawrd'-rGom, n. a room used as a
mess-room by the officers of a war-ship.
wardship, wawrd'ship, n. , the ojjfice of a ward or
guardian ; state of being under a guardian.
Ware, war, n. (used gen. in pi.), provisions; mer
chandise; commodities; goods. [A.S. waru ;
Ger. waare; Ice. vara.]
warehouse, wiKhous, n. a house or store for wares
or goods.v.t. to deposit in a warehouse.
Ware, wir, adj. in B. = aware. Sec Wary.
Ware, in B.,pa.t. of Wear.
Warfar*. See under War.
Warily, Wariness. See under Wary.
Warlike. See under War.
Warm, wawrm, adj., having moderate heat, hot;
subject to heat ' zealous ; easily excited ; violent ;
enthusiastic. adv. warm'ly. n. warm'ness.
v.t. to make warm; to interest; to excite.
v.i. to become warm, or ardent \~pr.p. warm'-
ing ; Pa.p. warmed'.n. warm er [A.S. wearm ;
Ger. warm ; allied to old L. formus, Gr. ther
mos, hot, Sans, gharma, heat, and to Fervid. )
warmth, wawrmth, n., warmness, or state of being
warm, in any of its senses.
Warn, wawro, v.t., to make wary or aware; to
put on ward or guard ; to give notice of dan
ger ; to caution against ; to admonish \~pr.p.
warn'ing ; Pa.p. warned'. [AS. warman, ware-
man ; Ice. vama, to warn, forbid ; Ger. war-
nen I allied to Ward, Beware, Wary.]
warning, wawrn'ing, ft. caution against danger, &c. ;
admonition ; previous notice.
Warp, wawrp, v.t. lit. to cast; to turn; to twist
out of shape : to turn from the right course ; to
pervert : to tow or move with a line attached to
buoys, &cv.i. to be twisted out of a straight
direction ; to bend ; to swerve; to move with a
bending motion :Pr.p. warp ing ; pa.p. warped'.
[A.S. weorpan, werpan, Goth, wairpan, Ice.
varpa, Ger. werfen, to cast]
warp, wawrp, n., that which is warped or laid
out; the threads stretched out lengthwise in a
loom to be crossed by the woof; a rope used in
towing. [AS. wearp ; Ice. varp ; Ger. werft.\
Warrant, wor'ant, v.t. lit to guarantee or make
secure ; to give assurance against harm to ; to
authorise ; to maintain ; to assure:pr.p. warr'
 warrant water-mark
anting : fia.p. warranted. Told Fr. tvarantir ; old Fr. guaste, L. vastus, empty : Fr. gdter,
Fr. garanttr; old Gcr. weren, to give bail for ; to spoil, L. vas/arr, to waste.]
Gcr.gewdhren, to vouch, warrant, grwahren, to wute, wast, ., act of wasting; useless expendi
see; probably connected with Ward, Wiry,] ture ; loss ; destruction : that which is wasted
warrtat, wor'ant, ., that which warrants or au or waste; uncultivated country ; desert : refuse.
thorises ; a commission giving authority ; a writ wasteful, wast'fool, adj. ,/ullofwaste ; destructive ;
for arresting a person; security; a voucher, lavish.adv. watte folly.n. waste folneas,
[old Fr. warant ; Fr. garant ; low L. warens.] w&etenees, wast'nes, n. in B., devastation.
warrantable, wor'ant-abl, adj., authorised by zuar- waster, wast/er, . , one who or that which voeutes .*
rnnt or right; justifiable.adv. warr'antably. in B., a spendthrift; a destroyer.
n. warr'antableaesa. waiting, wast'ing, ft. in B., devastation.
warranter, wor'ant-cr, warrantor, wor'ant-or, n., one Watch, woch, v.i. lit. to wake or wait ; to look
who warrants. with attention ; to keep guard ; to look out.
warranty, wor ant-i, n,, a legal warrant or deed of v.t. to keep in view ; to give heed to ; to have
security; a guarantee; authority. in keeping ; to guard 'pr.p, watch'ing ; Pa.p
Warren, wor'en, n. a piece of ground for warding watched'.
or protecting animals, especially rabbits, [old wake ; old [A.S. wacian; Ice. vakiaTtuska, tc
Fr. varenne ; Fr. garenne, from root of Ward, watch, woch, Ger. .,
wahten.) See Wake, Walt.
act ofwatching; close observa
Warrant.] tion ; guard : one who watches or those wba
Warrior. Sec under War. watch ; a sentry : the place where a guard is
Wart, wawrt, w. a small, hard excrescence on the kept: time of watching, esp. in a ship: a divi
skin; a protuberance on trees. [A.S. weart ; watcher, sion of the night : a pocket time-piece.
Ice. farta ; Gcr. tvarxe ; L. verruca.) woch'er, ., one who watches.
warty, wawrt'i, adj., like a wart ; overgrown with watchful, woch'fool, adj., careful to watch or
warts. observe ; attentive ; circumspect ; cautious.
Wary, warl, adj., warding or guarding against watchman, woch man, n.watch'fulness.
adv. watch'foily.n.
a man who watches or
deception, &c; cautious.adv. warily.m. war'- guards, especially the streets
lneai. [Dan. vare, guard, care ; Ger. gewahr, watchword, woch'wurd, . the ofpass-word a city at night.
to be
aware ; Fr. gare, look out, take care. See Ward.] given to a watch or sentry.
Wai, woz, used as past tense of Be. (A.S. wars,
warewesan, to remain, be ; Goth, visan, pa.t. Water, waiter, m. the fluid commonly drunk, ar.d
vas, to remain ; Ice. vera, pa.t. var, vas, Sans. which forms the ocean, lakes, rivers, &c ; any
vas, to dwell, live.] collection of it, as the ocean, a lake, river, &c ;
Wash, wosh, v.t. to cleanse, or cover with water : urine flow,
: lustre of a diamond.v.t. to wet, over
or supply with water : to wet and press so
to overflow : to waste away by the action of
water : to cover with a thin coat of metal or as to give a wavy appearance to.v.i. to shed
paint.v.i. to cleanse with water :Pr.p. wash'- water ; to take in water \pr.p. wat ering ; pa..p.
wat'ered. [A.S. warier; Ice. vatn; Ger. wasser;
ing : Pa.p. washed'.. act of washing : the Gr.
shallow part of a river or arm of the sea : a uda,kuddr; L. udus, wet, unda, a wave ; Sans.
water ; connected with Wet.]
marsh or fen : alluvial matter ; waste liquor, water-carriage, waw'ter-kar-ij, n., carriage or con
refuse of food, &c. : that with which anything veyance by water.
is washed ; a lotion ; a thin coat of paint, metal, water-clock., waw'tcr-klok, n. , a clock which is made
&c. [A.S. wascan ; Ger. waschen; acc. to Wedg to go by the fall of water.
wood, from the splashing or stvashing sound.]
waaher, wosh'cr, n., one who washes; a flat ring water-closet, waVter-klos-ct, n. a closet used as a
of iron or leather between the nave of a wheel necessary,
by water.
in which the discharges are carried of
and the linch-pin, under the head of a screw, &c.
wathy, wosh'i, adj. lit. washing; watery ; damp; water-colour, waw'tcr-kul-ur, n. a colour or pigment
diluted with water and gum.
soft; weak; not solid.
Waep, wosp, . a stinging insect, like the bee, water-course,for water.
waw'tcr-kOrs, . a course or channel
allied to the hornet. [A.S. wdsp, Wf/t; L. water-fowl, waw'ter-fowl, n. a fowl that frequents
vespa ; Gr. sphex; Gael, speach, a wasp, to bite.]
waspish, wospish, adj., like a wasp having a water-gage, water.
slender waist like a wasp ; quick to resent an for guagingor or -guage, waw'ter-gaj, n. an instrument
affront.adz*, wasp'tahly.n. waap'lahneia. measuring the quantity of water.
waterish, waw'tcr-ish, adj., resetnbluig water;
Wassail, wos'il, n. lit. be in health; a festive occa somewhat watery ; thin,
sion ; a drunken bout ; a liquor made of roasted watering-place, waw'ter-ing-plSs,
apples, sugar, nutmeg, toast, and ale, once much water may be obtained ; a placeit, toa which place where
people
used on festive occasions.v.i. to hold a wassail resort to drink mineral water, or bathe, &c
or merry drinking-meeting. [A.S. was-hael, l>c water-level, waw'ter-lcv-el, . the level formed by
in health, health to you, the Saxon salutation the surface of still water; a level or instrument
on pledging another.] in which water is used,
wassaUer, wos il-er, n., one who wassails or drinks water-lily, waVter-lil-i, n. a water plant like a
wassail ; a reveller. lily, with large floating leaves,
Waste, wast, adj., empty, desert desolate ; water-line, waw'ter-lTn, n. the line on a ship to
stripped : lying unused : unproductive ; value which the water rises,
less. v.t., to lay waste or make desolate ; to water-logged, waw'ter-logd, adj. rendered log-WVe,
destroy; to wear out gradually; to squander; or unmanageable from being filled with water.
lo diminish ; to impair.v.i. to be diminished ; water-man, waw'ter-man, w. a man who plies a
to be consumed :~pr.p. wast'ing ; Pa.p. wast'ed. boat on water for hire ; a boatman ; a ferryman,
fA.S. weste ; old Ger. wast, Ger. wiist, desert; water-mark.waw'ter-rnark, n. a mark shewing the
fate, fir; mfi, her; mine; mOte ; mute; moon; then.
 water-mill Weasel
height to which water has risen ; a tide-mark : a waylay, wSla", v.t., to lie in the way for ; to watch
or lie in ambush for.
mark wrought into paper,
water-mill, waw'ter-mil, n. a mill driven by water. ay-mark, wa'ward, w.V-mark, ., in B., a guide-post,
water power, waw'ter-pow-er, . the power of wayward, froward ;
adj. taking one's own way;
wilful.n. way wardneu.
water, employed to move machinery, &c.
water-proof, waw'ter-prGOf, adj., proof against wayworn, wa'wOrn, adj., worn out by travel.
water; not permitting water to enter, We, we, pron , pi. of I ; I and others. [A.S. we;
water-abed, waw'ter-shed, . a range of high land Dutch, vij; Ice. ver; Ger. wir; Goth, vets.)
from which water is shed or made to flow in Weak, wk, adj. lit. yielding ; soft ; wanting
opposite directions, strength ; not able to sustain a great weight :
water-ipout.waw'ter-spout, . a moving spout or col wanting health : easily overcome : feeble ofmind ;
umn of water, seen at sea and sometimes on land, wanting moral force : having little of ingredient :
water-tight, waw'ter-tTt, adj. so tight as not to impressible : inconclusive.adv. weak'Iy.n.
admit water, nor let it escape. weak'nee*. [A.S. wac, pliantwican, to yield;
w*U?r-wheel, waw'ter-hwl, n. a wheel moved by Dutch, week, Ice. veikr, Ger. weic/i,]
water; an engine for raising water, weaken, wek'n, v.t., to make weak; to reduce in
water-work, waw ter-wurk, n. any work or engine strength or spirit.v.i. to grow weak;;Pr.p,
by which water is furnished, as to a town, etc. weakening; fa.p. weak'ened.
watery, vfO-v/lcT-'i, adj.,pertainingto or WVctvater ; weakling, weVlmg, n.t a weak or feeble creature,
thin or transparent; tasteless; containing or weakly, wik'li, adj., weak in body or mind.
abounding with water.n. wat'erineai. Weal, w5l, ., state ofbeing well; a sound or pros
Wattle, wot'l, . a twig or flexible rod ; a hurdle ; perous state ; welfare. [A.S. and old Ger. wela,
the fleshy part under the throat of a cock or a wealth, abundance
welth,; n.A.S.lit. wela, welig, rich.]
state oj'being well orSee Well,
prosper
turkey.vJ. to bind with wattles or twigs ; to
form by plaiting twigs '.pr.p. wattling ; Pa.p. ous: large possessions of any kind ; riches,
wattled. [A.S. watel, akin to L. vitilis, plaited wealthy, welth'i, adj. lit. welloff: in 2?., prosper
vied. Sans, ve, to plait.] ous; havinggreat wealth ; rich.adv. wealth
Wave, wiv, . a ridge on the surface of water ily n. wealth'inese.
swaying or moving backwards and forwards ; wealthiest, welth'i-est, adj., most wealthy z in Pr.
Bk.( Ps. lxxviii. 31, fattest, [superl. of wealthy.]
inequality ofsurface ; a line or streak like a wave.
v.i. to move like a wave ; to play loosely ; to Weald, weld, ., a woodorforest ; a wooded region :
be moved, as a signal ; to fluctuate.v.t. to an open country. [A.S. weald, Ger. wald, wood.]
move backwards and forwards : to brandish ; to wealden, weld'n, adj. in geol., pertaining to the
raise into inequalities ofsurface, (old . waive upper oolitic series of rocks, [so called because
A.S. wag; Ger. wage ; A.S., old Ger, wegan,
to move ; prob. allied to Waff. Waggle J [curbed, Wealth, Wealthy.in theSeewealds
first studied in S. of England.]
under Weal.
waveleaa, wav'les, adj., free from waves; undis- Wean, wen, v.t., to accustom to do without the
wavelct, wavlet, ., a little wave. [dim. of Waw.] breast : to reconcile to the want of anything : to
wave-offering, wav'-of-er-ing, w. in B., an offering estrange the affections :Pr.p. wean'ing ; pa.p,
waved towards the four points, weaned'. [A. S. wenian. Ice. venja, Ger.
wavy- wav'i, adj.,full ofor rising in waves; play gew5hnen, to accustom.]
ing to and fro : undulating.
Waver, wa'ver, v.i., to move to andfro ; to shake ; Weapon, wep'un, n. an instrument of offence or de
to be unsteady or undetermined ;Pr.p. wa'ver- fence. [A.S. warpen; Ice. vapn; Goth, vepna,
arms ; Dutch, wapen, arms, tools.]
ing ; Pa.p. wS vered.n. waVerer. [A.S. waftan , weaponed,
old Ger. waberen, to move to and fro; Dutch weaponleee,wep'und, adj., having weapons; armed,
wep'un-les, adj., having no weapons.
weifelen, to totter, hesitate ; allied to Wave.]
Wax, waks, n. a fat-like yellow substance pro Wear, war, v.t. lit. to cover; to carry on the
duced by bees ; any substance like it, as that body: to have the appearance of: to consume
by use ; to waste by rubbing ; to do by degrees ;
in the ear ; the substance used to seal letters, to put a ship on another tack (prob. a corr. of
p./. to smear or rub with wax 'pr.p. wax'ing Veer).v.i. to be wasted by use or time; to be
pa.p. waxed'. [A.S. weaxtwa?x; Ice. vax; Dutch spent tediously; to consume slowly: to last under
was; Ger.waks'-kloth,
wax-cloth, wachs.] n., cloth covered with a use :Pr.p. wearing ; pa.t. wOre ; Pa.p. wOrn.
coating of wax, used for table-covers, &c. . wearer. [A.S. werian, werigean. Ice. verja,
wax-work, waks'-wurk, n., work made of wax, esp. wear, to cover ; old Ger. werihan, to clothe.]
figures or models formed of wax. war, ., act ofwearing; lessening or injury
waxy, waks'i, adj., resemblingwax ; soft ; adhesive. wearable, by use or friction,
Wax, waks, v.i., to grow or increase ; to pass into Wear, wCr.war'a-bl, adj.,fit to wear.
another state '.fr.p. wax'ing ; pa.p. waxed'. Weary, we'ri,Sec Weir.
adj., worn out; having the strength
[A.S. weaxan; Ice. vaxa ; Ger. xvachsen ; L. or patience exhausted ; tired : causing weariness.
augeo, Gr. auxand ; Sans, vak, to grow.] adv. wea'rlly.. wea'rlneai.v.t. to wear out
, waks'n, in B.t pa.p. of Wax, grown.
Way, wa, n. lit. a moving: passage ; road ; length or make weary ; to reduce the strength or
patience of; to harass '.pr.p. wearying; pa.p.
of space ; distance ; direction : manner of life ; wea'ried. [A.S. Wtrig; from Wear.]
general manner ofacting; means; manner; will. wearisome, wc"ri-sum, adj., making weary; tedious.
[A.S. wegwegan, to move; Ger. weg, Sans. adv. wea'rlsomely.n. wea'riMmeneu.
vaha, L. via, a way, akin to veko, to carry.]
it, wi'far-er, n. one whofares or goes on his Weasel, body
we"zl, n. a small animal with a slender
and short legs, living on birds, mice, &c.
a traveller or passenger. _
if, wa'far-ing, adj. travelling or passing. [A.S. wesle; Dutch, wezel; Ger. wiesel.]
fate, far ; mi, her ; mine ; mate ; mate ; mGOn ; then.
 Weather Well
Weather, weM'er, n. lit. wind; state of the air as to week-day, wck'-da, n. any day of the w
heat, wetness, &c.v.t. to affect by exposing to weekly, Sunday.
the air : to sail to the windward of :~Pr.p. once aweklt, adj. coming, happening, or done
weathering ; pa.p. weath'cred [A.S. wider; week.adv. once a week.
Ger. wetteri Slav, wia.tr, wind ; Sans, wa, Ween, wen, v.L lit. to expect; to think or fancy.
gra5, bound,
to blow.]we/A'er-bound, adj., bound or de [A.S. wenanwen. Ice. van, hope.]
weather Weep, wep, v.i. lit. to express grief by crying; to
layed by bad weather.
weather-cock, weM'er-kok, n. a vane (often in the wail or lament; to shed tears.v.t. to lament;
form of a cock] to shew the direction of the wind; to pour forth \pr.p. wecp'ing : Pa-P. wept. [A-S.
wepan, old Ger. wnofan, to lament, call; A.S.
anything turning easily and often ; a fickle state.
weather-gage, werA'er-gai, n. a gage of, or that wop, hveop, outcry, allied to Whoop, and Gr. opt,
opos,
which shews the weather: the position of a ship weeper, wCp'er, the voice.]
one who weeps ; a white border
to the windward of another. round the cuff of a mourning dress,
weather-side, we/A'er-sTd, n. the windward side. weeping, wep'ing, adj. bending, like one wrey^ttg,
Weave, wv, v.t. lit. to wave or twine threads to or drooping the branches.
gether ; to unite threads in a loom to form cloth ; Weevil, weVil, n. a small kind of beetle very de
to work into a fabric ; to unite by intermixture. structive to grain. [A.S. wifet; perh. allied to
v.i. to practise weaving '.pr.p. weav'ing ; Weave, from the larva being woven round the
Pa.p. wov'en ; Pad. wove, rarely weaved'.n. insect)
weaVer. [A.S. we/an; Ger. weben, to weave, to
wave ; allied to Gz.huphad; perh.conn,withWave.] Weft. Sec under Weave.
Weigh, wl, v.t. lit. to wag or sway up and down
weaving, wcVing, w. act or art of forming cloth.
web, web, ., that which is woven; a film over equal tobalancelike a ; to find the heaviness of ; to he
the eye ; the skin between the toes ofwater-fowls. ponder inintheheaviness mind
; to bear up, to raise : to
; to consider worthy of notice.
[A.S. webb; Ice. wfr.] [web or skin.
webbed, webd, adj. having the toes united by a v.i, ; to press heavily to:~Pr.p.
to have weight : be considered of import
webbing, wcblng, n. a narrow woven fabric of ance weighed'. [A.S. wegan, to move
weigh'ing
; A.S.
; /-./.
ruarge,*.
hemp, used for chairs, &c. balance; Dutch, wargen, to sway up and down,
web-footed, web'-foot-ed, adj., having webbedfeet.
weft, weft, . the threads woven into and crossing wage, Wag;
a balance : acc. to Wedgwood conn, with
perhaps with L. veko, to Dear.]
the warp. weight, wat, n. the heaviness of a thing when
Wed, wed, v.t., to engage or bind by a wager or weighed or the amount which anything weighs;
promise; to marry; to join in marriage; to a mass of metal for finding weight ; anything
unite closely.v.t. to marry :pr.p. wedd'ing ; heavy ; a ponderous mass : pressure : importance.
Pa.p. wedd'ed. [A.S. weddian, to engage, wed ; [A.S. wiht; low Ger. wicnt.]
Dutch, wedden, Ger. wetten, to bet ; Ice. vedhja, weighty, wat'i, adj., having weight; heavy: im
to bind ; W. gweddawg, yoked, wed : conn, with portant; forcible.adv. weightily.m,
Bet, Gage, Wager.]
wedded, wed'ed, adj. married ; belonging to mar Weir, Wear, wfcr, w. a ward or dam in a river ; a
riage.
wedding, wed'ing, n. marriage ; marriage-ceremony, fence of stakes for catching fish. [A.S. war, an
enclosurewerian, to protect ; Ger. wehr, a dam
wedlock, wed'lok, . a gift when wed; marriage. weAren, to ward.]
[A.S. wedlacwed, and lac, a gift.]
Wedge, wej, n. a piece of wood or metal, thick at Weird, wcrd, . lit.fate, destiny; a spell or charm.
one end and sloping to a thin edge at the other; wyrd, fate, Ger.in werden,
adj. skilled witchcraft : unearthly. [A.S.
a mass of metal.v.t. to cleave with a wedce ; Welcome, welTcum, adj. lit.towell happen.]
to force or drive with a wedge ; to press closely ; with gladness ; admitted willinglycome; received
; causing glad
to fasten with a wedge :pr.p. wedg'ing ; Pa.p.
wedged'. [A.S. wecg; Ice. veggr; Ger. week, ness ; free to enjoy.n. kindly reception.v.t.
to receive with kindness ; to entertain hospitably :
a wedge, an oblong mass.] ~Pr.p. welcoming ; Pa.p. welcomed. [Well,
Wedlock. See under Wed. and Come.]
Wednesday, wenr/da, n. lit. Woden's day, the Weld, weld, n. a plant, allied to mignonette, common
fourth day of the week, dedicated to Woden, the in Europe, and used to colour yellow. [Scot.
chief Scandinavian deity. [A.S. Wodensdag.] wald; low Ger. waide; Ger. wau, woad.]
Weed, w5d, n. orig. low shrubs; any useless plant ; Weld, weld, v.t. to beat together when heated al
anything useless or troublesome.v.t. to free most to melting:pr.p. weld'ing; Pa.p. weld'ed-
from weeds; to remove anything hurtful or offen [Ger. wellen, waJten, A.S. weallen% to boil.]
sive '.Pr.p. weed ing : wecd'ed.n. weed'er.
[A.S. weed, an herb ; W. gwydd, shrubs ; Dutch, Welfare.Welkin,
See under Well.
welTiin, n. the sky or region of clouds.
iviedm, to cleanse.] [A.S. wolcen, welcn, cloud, air, sky; Ger. voolke,
weedy, wcdl, adj., consisting of weeds; full of Sans, balahaka, a cloud.]
weeds. Well, wel, v.t., to boil up; to issue forth, as water
Weed, we'd, n. lit. that which b woven ; a garment : from the earth ; to spring pr.p. well ing ; Pa.p.
esp. in //. a widow's mourning apparel. [A.S. welled'.n. a rise of water from the earth ; a
wad, clothing; old Ger. wat, Ger. wand, cloth, spring ; a pit in the earth whence a supply of
connected with Weave.) water is obtained ; an enclosure in a ship's hold
Week, wfik, n. seven days, esp. from Sunday to round the pumps. [A.S. weallcn, Dutch, wellen,
Sunday. [A.S. weoce; Ice. vika ; Dutch, week; to boil, spring; A.S. well, a well.]Well-spring,
Ger. woche.] i;i />'., a fountain.
0te, far ; mC, her ; mine ; mote ; mute ; mOon ; Men.
 Well
Wall, wel, adj., in a desirable or good state ; good
in condition; fortunate: in health.adv. in a
proper manner; rightly; thoroughly; favour
ably; conveniently. [A.S. wela, Ice. vel ; W.
gwell, better ; Ice. velja, to choose ; akin to
W1U.P-Well-favoured, in ., good-looking, so as
to drawfavour.
well-being, wel'-b-ing, ., state ofbeing well.
well-born, wel'-bawm, adj., bom of a good or re
spectable family ; not of mean birth.
well-bred, wcl'-bred, adj., bred or trained well;
educated to polished manners.
welfare, wel'far, n. state of faring ox doing well;
freedom from any calamity, &c. ; enjoyment of
health, &c. ; prosperity.
well-nigh, wcl'-nl, adv. , nearly as well; almost.
Welsh, welsh, adj., Pertaining to Wales or its in
habitants.n.i>l. the inhabitants of Wales :
in sing, their language. [A.S. wdlscwealh, a
stranger, Welshman, so named by the Saxons ;
prob. from Sans, mlech, dumb, unintelligible.]
Welsh-rabbit, welsh-rab'it, w. cheese melted on
toasted bread, [corr. from Welsh rare bit.]
Welt, welt, n. lit. a wall; a kind of fam or edging
round a shoe.v.t. to furnish with a welt:
Pr.p. welt'ing ; Pa.p. welt'ed. [W. gwald, a hem
gwal, a wall, gwaliaw, to enclose.]
Welter, wel'ter, v.i., to wallow or roll about, esp.
in dirt :pr.p. wel'tering ; pa.p. wel'tered. [low
Gcr. weltem, to roll ; A. S. weltan, to roll, wal
low ; Ice. vella.]
Wen, wen, a wart; a fleshy, pulpy tumour.
[A.S. wenn, a swelling, a wart.]
Wench, wensh, n. orig. a young woman ; a low,
coarse woman ; a strumpet.v.i, to frequent the
companyofwenches or strumpets :pr.p. wench'-
ing ; pa.p. wenched'. [A.S. wencle, a maid;
perhaps from root of Queen. ]
Wend, wend, v.i. lit. to wind or turn; to go. [A.S.
wendan, Gcr. wenden, Ice. venda, to turn.]
went, went, properly pa.t. of Wend, but now used
as pa.t. ofOo.
Wept, wept, pa.t. and fa.p. of Weep.
Were, wer, v.t. the of Was, used as Pa.t. of Be.
[A.S. ware; Gcr. war, Ice. vera, to be.] Sec
Was.
Wesleyanlsm, wcsle-an-irm, n. the system of doc
trine and church-polity of John Wesley, the
founder of the Methodists ; Methodism.
Wealeyaa, wesle-an, adj.,pertaining to Wesleyan-
ism.n. one who adopts Wesleyanism.
West, west, . the quarter where the sun sets ; one
of the four chief points of the compass ; the
countries to the west of Europe.atii. situated
towards the west. [A.S., Ger. west; Ice, vestr;
Sans, vasatis, nightvas( to cover.]
westerly, wcst'er-li, adj. lying towards the west;
from the west.adv. towards the west.
western, western, adj. situated in the west; moving
towards the west.
westward, west'ward, adj. and adv., toivards the
west.adv. weatwardly, towards the west
Wet, wet, adj. containing water; having water on
the surface ; rainy.n. water or wetness ; mois
ture.v.t. to make wet; to soak with water;
to sprinkle :pr.p. wett'ing ; pa.p. wet, rarely
wetted. [A.S. wat ; Ice. vatr, wet, vain,
water ; L. udus, wet ; from root of Water.]
wetneas, wct'nes, ., state ofbeing wet ; moisture ;
a watery or moist state of the atmosphere.
fate, far ; me", her ; mine ;
Whelp
wettlah, wet'ish, adj., somewhat wet.
Wether, weM'er, n. a castrated ram. [A.S. wedher ;
Ice. vedher; Dutch, wedder; Ger. widder.]
Wey, wa, n. a measure or weight different with
different articles = 182 lbs. of wool, 40 bushels of
salt or corn, 48 bushels ofoats, &c. [from Weigh.]
Whale, hwal, n. the common name of an order of
mammalia ; the largest of sea-animals. [A.S.
hwal; Gcr. walljisch; allied to Gr. phali, L.
balana,\
whalebone, hwaTbOn, . an elastic substance like
bone, from the upper jaw of the whale.
whaler, hwal'er, n. a ship or a person employed in
the wA&-nshing.
whaling, hwal'ing, adj., connected with whale-
catching.n. the business of catching whales.
Wharf, hworf, n. a bank of timber or stone on the
shore of a harbour or river for lading and unlad
ing vessels.v.t. to secure by a wnarf. [A.S.
hwarfhweorfan, to turn ; low Ger. warf a
raisedplace; peril, conn,with Ger.werfen, tocast.]
wharfage, hworf'aj, n., thefee for using a wharf.
wharfinger, hworf m-jer, n., one who has the care
of, or owns a wharf.
What, hwotfPron. used in asking questions ; that
which ; how great ; something. [A. S. hwa>tt
neuter of hwa, who; Ger. was; Ice. hvad;
allied to L. quid. Sec Who.]What Urn*, in B.
= at what time, when.
whatever,hwot-ev'er,/n7>i.,<WT7thingwA;M;being
this or that; all that: one thing or another,
whatsoever, hwot-sO-ev'er, pron. same as Whatever,
whatnot, hwot/not, n. a piece of furniture with
shelves for books, &c. so called because used to
hold anything.
Wheal, hwd, n. a Wale, which see.
Wheat, Wet, n. a grassy plant, the seed of which
furnishes a white flour for"bread. [A.S. hwa-te;
Ger. weisen; allied to White.]
wheaten, hweVen, adj., made ofwheat.
wheat-fly, hweV-tii, n. the name of several flies or
insects injurious to wheat.
Wheedle, hw6d'l, v.t. to entice by soft words; to
flatter :Pr.p. wheedling ; pa.p. wheedled,
n. wheed'ler. [A.S. wadliau, to beg; Ger.
wedelen, to wag the tail, as a dog.]
Wheel, hwel, n. lit. that which whirls; a circular
frame turning on an axle : an old instrument of
torture.v.t. to cause to whirl ; to convey on
wheels.v.i. to turn round or on an axis; to roll
forward :Pr.p. wheel'ing ; pa.p. wheeled'. [A. S.
hweol ; Dutch, wiel, a wheel, whirlpool; allied
to L. volvo, to roll.]
wheeler, hweTer, one who wheels; the horse
nearest the wheels of a carriage,
wheel-wrlght, -hwcl'-rlt, ., a wright who makes
wheels and wheel-carriages.
Wheeze, hwez, v.i., to breathe with a hissingsound;
to breathe audibly or with difficulty '.Pr.p.
wheer/ing ; pa.p. wheezed'. [A.S. hweosan ;
Ice. hz'itsa, to wheeze, to hiss; from the sound.]
Whelk, hwellc, . a mollusc having a turned or
spiral shelL _ [A.S. weoloc, hwylca, a whelk,
hylca, a turning.]
Whelm, hwclm, v.t., to cover completely; to plunge
deep ; to overburden .pr.p. whelm'ing ; pa.p.
whelmed'. [A.S. for-welman, to overwhelm;
Ice. hvelfa, to overturn ; allied to Scot, whummle,
to turn upside down.]
Whelp, hwelp, n. the young of the dog kind and of
mOte ; mute ; mCOn ; Men.
 When whirlpool
lions, &c. ; a puppy ; a cub : a young man fin sound whig, used in the S.W. of Scotland in
contempt).v.i. to bring forth young. [A.S. driving horses, the Covenanters being most
hwelp; Ice. hvelpr; old Ger. hvelf welf, wel- numerous there.]
fen, to bear young.] whiggish, hwig'ish, adj., pertaining to the Whigs;
partaking of their principles.adv. whlgg'lnhly.
When, hwen, adv., at what time ? at which time ; at whlgglsm,
or after the time that; while. [A.S. hwenne, principleshwiVizm, whlggery, hwig'er-i, sr., the
of the Whigs.
accusative of w/ia, who ; Ger. wenn.]When ai
('az), in B., when. While, hwil, n. lit. leisure; time.adv. during
whenever, hwen-ev'er, adv., at every time when. the time that; at the same time that.v.t. to
whensoever, hwen-so-ev'er,"*n/V., at what time so cause to pass without irksomeness :Pr.p. whU'-
ever; whenever. ing ; pa.p. whlled'. [A.S. hwil, Goth. hveiU,
whence, hwens, adv., from what place : from hour, timehveilan. Ice. hvild, to rest]While*,
which things; wherefore. ("A.S. hivana, hwa' genitive form of while : in B. , while.
turn ; old E. whennts, whens, genitive form of whilst, hwilst, adv. same as While. [superL form
When.] of While.]
wheacesoever, hwens-sO-ev'er, adv., from what Whim, hwim, n. a sudden turn of the mind ; a
place, cause, or source soever. fancy. [Ice. hvim, a quick movement ;W. ckwim,
When, hwSr, adv., at which place, at what place ? motion, chwimio, to move round quickly.]
to what place, to which place. [A.S. hwa'r, gen whimsey, hwim'si, n., a whim ; a freak, [from Whim.]
itive of wha, who; Ice. Avar.]Whereabout', whimsical, hwim'sik-al, adj.,fullofwhims ; having
about where; near what ?Whereaa', as or on odd fancies; fantastical.adv. whim'sically.
account of which; since; when in fact; near. Whimper, hwim'pcr, v.i. to cry with a low, Tvhiminr
Whereat', at which; at what ?Whereby', by voicepr.p. whim'pering : pa.p. whim'pered.
which. Wherein', in which ; in what ?Whereof n.
(of), of which ; of what fWhereon', on which ; mem.]whimperer. [Scot, whimmer; Ger. wim-
on what ?Whensoever, in what place soever. Whin,
Whereto', to which; to what ?Wherennto', in B., furze.hwin,[W..chwyn, lit. weeds or waste growth ; gone,
weeds.]
whereto; for what purpose ?Whereupon', upon whinny, hwin'i, adj., abounding in whins.
Or in consequence of which.Wherev er, atwhat- Whine, hwTn, v.i.,
riwplace.Wherewith' (with), with which; with cry; to complain in utter to a plaintive, shrill
an unmanly way :prf.
what ?Wherewithal', same as Wherewith. whln'ing ; Pa.p. whined'.n. a plaintive cry;
Wherry, hwer'i, . a shallow, light boat, sharp at an affected nasal tone ofcomplaint.
both ends for speed, [probably a corn of Perry.] to weep, A.S. cwanian, to howl ; W.[Ice, kvina,
cwyno, to
Whet, hwet, v. t., to sharpen by rubbing : to make howl : from sound.]n. whin'er.adv. whin ing!?.
keen ; toexcite :pr.p. whett'ing ',pa.p. whett'ed. whinny, hwin'i, v.i., to neigh or cry like a horse:
n. act of sharpening ; something that sharpens fir.p. whinn'ying ; pa.p. whinn'ied. [L. hi*-
the appetite.. whett'er. [A.S. hivettan ; Ger. nto ; dim. from Whine, from the sound.]
wetzen ; A.S. hwat, sharp.]
whetitone, hwer/stan, n. a stone used for whetting Whip, hwip, v.t. lit. to strike with a short, quick
movement; to strike with a lash; to drive or
or sharpening edged instruments. punish with lashes : to lash with sarcasm ; to
Whether, hweth'er, pron. orig. which of two, so sew lightly : to snatch.v.i. to move nimbly :
in B.conj. which of two alternatives. [A.S. fr.f. whipp'ing ; pa.p. whipped'. . that which
hweether; A.S. hwa, who and Either.] whips ; a a lash
driving: driver.with [A.S.
a handle
hweopfor; Ice.
punishing
<'. - or.
Whey, hwil, . the watery part of milk, separated quick
from the curd, esp. in making cheese. [A.S. cuip, amovement whip.]
; W. chwip, a quick turn ; GacL
hwmg; low Ger. wey.~\
"h*7*y. hwa'i, wheyish. hwa'ish, adj., partaking of whip-cord,
whip-hand,
hwip'-kord, cord for makingwhi/s.
hwip'-hand, n. lit. the hand that holds
or like whey ; having the qualities of whey. the whip: advantage over.
Which, hwich, pron. lit, who or what like; a rela whlpper, hwiper, n.t one who whips; an officer
tive pron. used of all but persons ; that or those who inflicts the penalty of whipping.
which ; an interrogative pron. : in B., = who : whipper-in,
The which, in B., which, [old E. whilk, whichi; from wandering, andn.whips
hwip'er-in, one who keeps the hounds
them in to the line
A.S. hivylichwa, who, and He, like.] of chase : one who enforces the discipline of a
whichever, hwich-cv'er, whichsoever, hwich-sfl-ev'er, party,
pron., every one which; whether one or other. whipping,and secures attendance when necessary.
Whiff, hwif, n. a sudden puffofair from the mouth : ment withhwip'ing, n., act of whipping; punish
a slight blast.v.t. to throw out in whiffs; to whipping-post,triehwip'mg-post,
whip or lash.
n. a Post to which
puff:pr.p. whiffing; pa.p. whiffed'. [W. offenders are tied to whipped.
chwiffian, to puff ; from the sound.] Whir, hwer, n. a sound from rapid whirling.v.i.
Whiffle, hwifl, v.i. to turn as if by whiffs or gusts to whirl round with a noise '-Pr.p.
of wind; to be fickle: to prevaricate \~pr.p. Pa.p. whirred', [from the sound.] whirring ;
whiff ling ; pa.p. whiffled'.. whuTler. [A.S. whirl, hwer!, v.i. to move round with a whir; to
wa>flian, to Dabble, Ice. veiffa, to shake often: revolve rapidly. v.t. to turn round rapidly:
connected with Whiff.] Pr.p. whirling ; pa.p. whirled'.h. a turning
Whig, hwig, . the name of a political party which with rapidity; anything that turns with velo
advocated the rights of the people in the time of city, [frcq. from Whir, allied toTwlrL]
Charles I, ; the name of one of the great English whirligig, hwer! i-gig, n. a child's toy, which goes
political parties, [from whig, Scot, for Whey, when whirled rapidly round.]
the Covenanters being so called hy their oppo whirlpool, hwerl'pool, . a pool or place where the
nents from their solemn, sour looks : or from a water whirls round rapidly; an eddy. ;
fStef far ; me", her ; mine ; mOte ; mute ; mSDn ; then.
 Whisk
VTMsk, hwisk, v.t., to move with a quick, whizzing
motion; to sweep, or stir rapidly.v.i. to move
nimbly and rapidly :pr.p. whisk'ing ; pii.p.
whisked'.. a rapid sweeping motion ; a small
bunch of anything used for a brush; a small
instrument fur beating or whisking, esp. eggs.
[Dan. viske, Sw. viska, to whisk, dust, wag:
from the sound.]
whisker, hwisk'er, . lit. he who, or that which
whisks: the hair on the sides of a man's face;
the bristle on the face of a cat, &c. [from Whisk.]
whiskered, hwisk'erd, adj., having -whiskers.
Whiskey, Whisky, hwisk'i, . lit, water; a spirit
distilled from grain, and other materials. [Celt.
uisge, water : connected with Esk, a river name.]
Whisper, hwis'per, v.i., to speak with a lew, hissing
sound; to speak very softly ; to plot secretly.
v.t. to utter in a low voice or under the breath :
Pr-P- whis'pering ; Pa.p, whis pered.n. a low,
hissing voice or sound; cautious or timorous
speaking. [AS. hwispridn ; Gcr. wispern, Ice.
hviskra, to whisper : allied to Whistle.]
wliisperer, hwis'pcr-er, ., one wJio whispers : in B.,
a secret informer.
Whist, hwist, n. a game at cards, so called from
the silence it requires, [conn, with Hash, Hist I]
Whistle, hwisl, v.i. to make a shrill sound by for
cing the breath through the bps contracted ; to
make a like sound with an instrument ; to sound
shrill.v.t. to form or utter by whistling ; to call
by a whisde :Pr.p. whistling ; Pa.p. whis'tlcd.
n. the sound made in whistling ; a small wind
instrument. [A.S. hwisile ; Sw. hwissla, to hiss,
whistle; L. fistula, a whistle ; from the sound.]
Whit, hwit, n. lit. a thing; the smallest particle
imaginable ; a bit. [A.S. wiht, a creature, thing ;
old Ger. iowiitt, aughc : see Wight, Aught.]
White, hwit, adj. of the colour of snow ; pale ;
colourless: pure; unblemished: in B., purified
from sin.n. the colour ofsnow ; anything white.
X'.t. to make white '.Pr.p. whlt'ing; Pa.p.
whTt'ed.n. white'ness. [AS. hwit, Ger. weiss,
Sans, cveta ; evil, to be white, to shine.]
white-bait, hwIt'-Dlt, n. a very small, delicate white
fish of the herring kind.
white-frisx, hwit'-frl-ar, n. one of the Carmelite
order offriars, so called from their white dress.
white-heat, hwlt'-h6t, n. a degree of heat raised tu
whiteness.
white-lead, hw7t'-lcd, . a carbonate of lead used in
painting white.
white-livered, hwlt'-liv-erd, adj. having a pale look,
so called because thought to be caused by awhite
liver: cowardly; malicious,
whiten, hwTt'en, v.t., to make white; to bleach.
jew. to become or turn white :Pr.p. whlt'en-
ing ; Pa.p. whTt'ened.n. whlt'ener.
whitewash, hwlt'wosh, n., a wash, or mixture of
whiting or lime and water, to whiten ceilings, &c.
v.t. to cover with whitewash; to give a fair
appearance.
white-wine, hwTt'-wTn, . any wine of a clear, trans
parent colour, bordering on white.
whiting, whit/ing, n. a smalt sea-fish allied to the
cod, so called from its white colour: ground
chalk free from stony matter.
whitish, hwlt'ish, adj., somewhat white.n. whit'-
iThltTW.
whitlow, hwltlo, n. lit. a whiteflame; a painful
inflammation tending to suppurate in the fingers
or toes, mostly under the nails. [White, and A.S.
late, far ; me, her ; mine ;
2J
whorish
law, flame : or a corr. of prov. which/law, whit-
flawwhich, quick, living, and Flaw.]
Whitsun, hwit'sun, adj. pertaining to or observed
at Whitsuntide.
Whitsunday, hwit/sun-d.i, Whitsuntide, hwTt'sun-tid,
n. the seventh Sunday after Easter, commemor
ating the day of Pentecost, when the converts in
the primitive church wore white robes.
Whither, hwiM'er, adv., to what placet to which
place; to what. [A.S. hwa-derhwa, who.]
whithersoever, hwiM-er-sG-ev'cr, adv., to whatever
place.
Whittle, hwitl, v.t. lit. to cut into whits or bits ;
to pare or cut with a knife :pr.p. whittling;
pa.p. whitt/lcd.n. a small pocket-knife. [AS.
hwitle, a small knifefrom Whit.]
Whiz, hwiz, v.i. to make a hissing sound, like an
arrow or ball flying through the air '.pr.p. whizz'-
ing ; pa.p. whizzed'. . a hissing sound, [front
the sound.]adv. wbjzz'lxtgly.
Who, hOO,/n>. both a rcl. and interrog., always
for persons ; what person ? which person. [AS.
hwa; Goth, hvas ; Ice. liver; Ger. wer; Sans.
kas ; L. quis, qui.]
whoever, ho"&-ev'cr, pron., every one who; what
ever person.
whom, hoTJm,A.S.
pron. objective
wham; hwam, orig. case of who.
dative of wha,[oldwho,
E.
now used as objective of who.]
whomsoever, hO"Om-sO-ev er, pron, objective case of
whosoever.
whose, hOTjz, pron. the possessive case of Who or
Which. [A.S. hwtes.JWhosesoever, in ., of
whomsoever.
whoso, hoo'sG, whosoever, hoU-s3-ev'6r,/nw<., every
one who ; whoever.
Whole, hot, adj., hate, sound, so in B. ; containing
the total amount, number, &c. ; all : not defect
ive : complete : unimpaired ; being in sound
health.n. the entire thing ; a system or com
bination of parts.n. whole'ness.adv. wholly.
[AS. hal, healthy; Gcr. heil; W. Itall; Gr.
holes.\ See Hale.
wholesale, hoTsal, ., sale of goods by the whole
piece or large quantity.adj. buying and selling
in large quantities.
wholesome,hoTsum, a<tj. keepingone whole; healthy:
favourable to morals, &c. ; sound.adv. whole'-
eomely.n. whole somaneu.
Whom, &c- See under Who.
Whoop, hwCop or hOOp, v.i. to give a clear, sharp
cry; to shout in scorn, eagerness, &c.v.t. to
insult with shouts :Pr.p. whdOp'ing ; pa.p.
whoDpcd'.n. a loud cry of pursuit, war, eager
ness, &c. [AS. hwopan, to cry out ; Goth. vop~
jan, to call ; perhaps allied to Gr. cps, the voice :
from the sound.]
whooping- or hooping-cough, hf3o[/mg-kof, n. a con
vulsive cough of children, like a whoop.
Whore, h&r, . a woman who practises unlawful
sexual intercourse, esp. for hire ; a harlot ; an
adulteress. [AS. hare ; Sans, jara, a lover; W.
kurcn, a whore ; probably from root of Hire.]
whoredom, hOr'dum, the habits of, or connection
vrithaiuhore; lewdness; adultery: in />., idolatry.
whoremonger, hor'mung-ger, n. one who procures
whores for others ; one who practises lewdness.
[Whore, and Konger.]
whorish. hoVish, adj., like a whore; lewd.adv.
whorishly.n. whor'ishnesa.
mOte ; mute ; mOun ; then.
561
 Whorl
Whorl, hworl, n. a number of leaves in a whirl or
circle round the stem, [allied to Whirl.]
Whose, &c. See under Who.
Why, hwT, adv.,for what cause or reason? on which
account; wherefore. [A.S. hwy, ablative case
of hwa, kvxtt, who, what.]
Wick, wik, . the threads of cotton or other sub
stance in a candle or lamp which burn, fA.S.
weoca ; prov. E. which, a line ; acc to Wedg
wood, orig. = a bunch, and allied to Gcr.
wicheln, to wrap up. J
Wicked, wik'ed, adj. lit. spotted, faulty ; evil in
principle or practice ; deviating from morality ;
sinful ; ungodly ; naughty.. in IS., a wicked
person.adv. wickedly.n. wick'edness. [perh.
participle from Goth, vcikan, Ger. weihan, to
do, consecrate, A.S. iviccian, to bewitch, whence
Witch ; therefore = one bewitcJied, accursed :
prob. conn, with Finn, wiha, Lapp, wikhe, fault.]
Wicker, wik'er, n. a small pliant twig or osier.
adj. made of twigs or osiers. [Sw. wiha, to
plait ; Dan. vegre, a pliant rod ; v&gert a willow
veg, pliant.]
Wicket, wik'ct, n. lit. a comer; a small gate ; one of
three upright rods bowled at in cricket, [old Fr.
wikct; Fr. guichet; Ice. wik, AS. wic, corner.]
Wide, wld, adj. lit void or empty ; extended far ;
having a considerable distance between ; broad ;
distant.adv. widely.. wide'new. [A.S. wid;
Ger. weit; allied to Fr. vuide, empty, and Void.]
widen, wtd'n, v.t. or to make or grow wide or
wider :Pr.p. widening ; pa.p. wid'encd.
width, width, ., wideness.
Widgeon, wid'jun, . a water-fowl allied to, but
smaller than, the duck. [Fr. vingeon, gingeon.]
Widow, wido, a woman without or bereft of her
husband by death.v.t. to bereave ofa husband :
to strip of anything valued :Pr-P- wid'owing ;
Pa.p. widowed. [AS. weoduwe; Goth, viduvo ;
L. vidua, bereft of a husband ; Sans, vidhava
vi, L. ve, without, and dhava, a husband.]
widower, wid'6-er, n. a man whose wife is dead.
widowhood, wid'o-hood, ., state ofbeing a widow,
or (rarely) of a widower.
Width. See under Wide.
Wield, weld, v.t. to use with full command; to
manage ; to use :Pr.p. wield'ing ; Pa.p. wielded.
n. wleld'er. [A.S. wealdan, Ger. walten, to
rule; Ice. valda, to effect.]
wieldy, wCld'i, adj., capable of being wielded;
manageable.
Wife, wif, n. a woman ; a married woman. [A.S.
wif, \zt.vif, Ger. weib; prob. fromroot ofWoman.]
wifeless, wlfles, adj., without a wife.
Wig, wig, . an artificial covering of hair for the
head, [contr. of Periwig ]
wigged, wigd', adj., wearing a wig.
Wight, wit, . a creature or a personused chiefly
in sport or irony. [A.S. wiht, a creature, animal ;
Ger. wicht; Ice. vatt ; see Whit.]
Wigwam, wigVam, n. an Indian hut. [from N.
American Indian, wih, house.]
Wild, wild, adj., following one's own will; being
in a state of nature ; not tamed or cultivated ;
uncivilised: desert ; unsheltered : violent ; licen
tious.n. an uncultivated region ; a forest or
desert.adv. wlld'ly.. wildnee*. [AS., from
root of Will.]
wilder, wil'dfcr, v.t., to bewilder. See Bewilder.
fate, far; mi, her; mine;
Wind
wilderness, wil'der-nes, n., a wild at waste place ;
an uncultivated region,
wild-fire, wlld'-flr, n. a composition of iuflaramib'.;
materials ; lightning flitting at intervals,
wilding, wTld'ing, that which grows wild cr
without cultivation ; a wild crab-apple.
Wile, wTl, n. a guile or trick ; a sly artifice. [A.S. ;
Ice. viel, fraud ; old . wigele, trick ; . (Mia]
wily, wll'i, adj., full of wiles or tricks; using
craft or stratagem; artful; sly.adv. wiTfly.
n. wil'lneoc, cunning.
Wilful, &c. See under Will.
Will, wilf k. power of choosing or determining ;
choice or determination ; pleasure ; command ;
arbitrary disposal : disposition of one's effects it
death.-^r.i. to exercise the will ; to decree : in B.,
to be willing.v.t. to determine ; to be resolved
to do ; to command ; to dispose of by will :pr.f-.
will'ing; p*-P- willed'. [A.S. wills ; Ice. vtii;
Gr. bottle, will, purpose ; L. volo, to wilL]
wUfhl, wil'fool, adj., governed solely by the will;
obstinate.adv. wilfully.n. wU'faJneea.
willing, wil'ing, adj., having the will inclined;
desirous ; disposed ; chosen.adv. will ingly..
will'ingness.
will-worship, wil'-wur-ship, #*. in B.,worshipotwhat
one wills or wishes ; superstitious observance.
Willow, wil'O, n, a tree of several species, with
slender, pliant branches. [A.S. wilig; low Ger.
wilge, -wtchel.]
Wilt, wilt, 2d pers. sing, of WilL
Wily. See under Wile.
Wimble, wim'bl, v.t., to whirl, to turn; to bore
with a wimble.. an instrument for bonng
holes turned by a handle. [Dutch, wtnselen, to
turn, bore.J See Glmblet, Whim.
Wimple, -wim'pt, . a veil whirled, or folded round
the neck and face ; a flag, [old Gcr. wimfel, a
veil, wimpel, a streamer ; Fr. guimpe; allied to
Wimble.] See Simp.
Win, win, v.t. lit. to strive; to get by labour; to
gain in contest ; to obtain by victory ; to allure
to kindness, to gain ; to obtain the favour of.
v. i. to gain the victory ; to gain favour :
pr.p, winn'ing; pa.t. and Pap. won (wnl
[A.S. winnan, to struggle; Goth, vinnom, to
suffer ; Ice. vinna, to geL]
winner, win er, n., one who wins in contest.
winning, win'ing, adj., gaining or adapted to gain
favour: attracting.. what is gained in con
test, labour, &c.adv. winn'lngly.
Wince, wins, v.t'., to make a slight, sudden move
ment like winking: to shrink or start back ;
Pr.p. winc'ing; Pa.p. winced'. [A.S. wind**,
to nod ; Ice. vik, a start, vikja, to turn aside.]
winch, winsh, n. , that which winces or turns : an
instrument to turn and pull a rope ; the crank of
a wheel or axle.v.i. to wince. [A.S. wince.']
wink, wingk, v.i., to wince with the eyes ; to move
the eyelids quickly ; to give a hint by winking ;
to avoid taking notice, so in B. :pr.p. wink'-
ing ; pa.p. winked'.n. act of winking ; a bint
given by winking. [A.S. wincian.)
Wind, wind, n. lit. that which blows ; air in motion :
breath ; breath modulated by the vocal organs or
by an instrument : flatulence ; anything insigni
ficant.v.t. {wind) to sound by blowing : ;wutd)
to expose to the wind ; to winnow : to drive hard,
so as to put out of breath ; to allow to recover
wind :~pr^p. wlnd'ing and wind'ing ; wound
mute ; mute ; moon ; Men.
 windage Witch
and wind'ed. [A.S., Ice. vindr, W. gwynt, L. Wipe, wTp, v.t., to sweep or move quickly; to clean
ventus; Gr. citesad, to blow; Sans, vata by nibbing ; to rub off :pr.p. wiping ; pa.p.
z'a, to blow.] wiped'.. act of wiping or cleansing by rub
wia-lige, wind'aj, . the difference between the bing : a sarcasm.. wiper. [A.S. wipian. Ice.
size of the bore of a gun and that of the ball. svipr, a short movement ; allied to Wisp, Wait*,
[from Wind, because the space is filled with it.] Sweep.]
wind-bound, wind -bound, adj., bound or hindered Wire, wtr, n., something turned or twisted ; a
from sailing by the wind. thread of metal. v.t. to bind or supply with wire:
windfall, wind'fawl, n. anything made to fall by fr.p. wiring; wired'. [A.S. wir; Ice.
the wind; unexpected money or other good, vir, to twist ; Dutch, wieren, to whirl.]
wind-gage, wind'-gaj, n. an instrument for gagingor wire-draw, wit-draw, v.t., to draw into wire: to
measuring the velocity of the -wind. draw or spin out to a great length.
windmill, wind'mil, n. a mill driven by the wind. wiry, wlrt, adj., made ofor like wire ; flexible and
window, wind's, n. lit an eye or opening for the strong.
wind; an opening in the wall of a building for Wisdom. See under Wise.
air and light ; the frame in the opening. [Ice. Wise, wTz, adj., having wit or knowledge ; able to
vindaugavindr, and auga, eye.] make use of knowledge well ; judging rightly ;
windpipe, wind'pTp, . the pipe or passage for the discreet : learned ; skilful : dictated by wisdom ;
wind or breath, to and from the lungs,
windward, wind'ward, adv., toward where the containing Ice. vis;
wisdom.adv. wisely. [A.S. twj;
Ger. weise ; from root of Wit.]
~.uind blows from.adj. towards the wind. . wisdom, wiz'dum, n., quality of being wise; judg
the point from which the wind blows, ment ; right use ofknowledge : in/?., piety. [A.S.]
windy, wind'i, adj., consisting of wind; next the wiseacre, wlara-ker, . lit. a wise sayer; one who
wind ; tempestuous : empty.. wind'ineas.
Wind, wind, v.t., to turn round, to twist; to coil : pretends to great wisdom ; a simpleton. [Ger.
weissager, a prophetweise, wise, sagen, to say.J
to encircle ; to change.v.i. to tum completely Wise, wTz, way, manner. [A.S. wise; Ger.
or often ; to turn round something ; to twist ; to weise, wise, weisen, to point out ; allied to Galio
move spirally : to meander :pr-P- wlnd'ing ; and Guide.]
Pa.p. wound. [A.S. windan, Ger. winden. Ice. Wish, wish, v.i. to have a desire ; to long, so in B. ;
uinda, Goth, vt'ndan.] to be inclined.v.t. to desire or long for ; to
winding, wlnd'ing, n., a turning; a bend.adj. ask ; to invoke :pr.p. wish ing ; Pa.p. wished'.
twisting, or bending.adv. wind ingly. . desire, longing ; thing desired ; expression
windlass, wind l.i s, n. an axle for winding" on ; a of desire.. wisher. [A.S. wyscan, Ger. wUn-
machine for raising heavy weights, consisting of schen, Ice. oska; Sans, vdnksh.]
a revolving cylinder. [Fr. vindas; Dutch, wishful, wish'fool, adj., having a wish or strong
windas; Ger. wind-achseackse, an axle.]
Wine, wTn, n. the fermented juice of the vine; a Wisp, wisp, n. a whisk ; wish'fully.n.
desire ; eager.-adv. wish/fulness.
liquor made from other fruits : fig. intoxication. hay. [Ger. wisch; Ice.small a
visk.
bundle of straw or
See Whisk.]
[A.S. win; Ice. vin ; Ger. wein; W.gwin; allied Wist, wist, in ., knew. [pa.p. of A.S. witan, to
to L. vinum ; Gr. oinos.] know.] See Wit, Wise.
wine-blbber, win'-bib-er, n., a bibber or drinker of wistful, wist'fool, adj. lit, fullofthought ; thought-
wine, a drunkard.
Wins, wing, n. lit. that which waves; the limb of Wit,fulwit, ; earnest.adv. wistfully, [from root of Wit]
n. lit. insight, understanding, so in B. ; a
a bird or other animal by which it flies : flight:
any side-piece ; side of an army, ship, building, mental bining
faculty (chiefly in ) ; the power of com
ideas with a ludicrous effect ; the result
&c. : fig. protection.v.t. to furnish or transport of this power : one who has witTo wit, namely,
with wings : to supply with side-pieces :/r./. that is to say. [A.S. witt, Ice. vit, Ger. wits;
winging ; pa.p. winged'. [Sw. vinge, wing, from A S. witan, Ice. vita, Ger. wissen, to know :
swtenga, to wave; Ice. vingsa, to swing; \v. prob. conn, with L. video, to see ; Gr. eidon
gwingo, to spring : allied to Wince, Wink.] root id, Sans, vid, to know.]
winged, wingd, adj.,furnished with wings ; swift : witless, witles, adj., wanting wit or understand
wounded in the wing, ing ; thoughtless.adv. wit lesaly.. wit'lessneit.
wingleas, wing'les, adj. , without wings. witling, wit'Ting, n. one who has little wit ; a pre
Wink. See under Wince. tender to wit.
Winner, &c See under Win. witness, wit'nes, n., knowledge brought in proof;
Winnow, win'O, v.t. to separate the chaff from the testimony of a fact ; that which furnishes proof :
grain by wind; to fan: to examine.v.i. to one who sees or has personal knowledge of a
separate chaff from grain :pr.p. winn'owing ; thing ; one who attests.-^v.t. to have direct know
pa.p. winn'owed.n. winnower. [A.S- wind- ledge of : to see ; to give testimony to.v.i. to
wian; old Ger. winta, a fan ; from Wind.] give evidence :fr.p. witnessing; Pa.p. wit
Winter, win'tcr, n. the windy or cold season of the witted, nessed. [A.S. witnessWit]
year; the fourth season, after autumn.v.i. to witticism,wited, adj., having wit or understanding.
pass the winter.v.t. to feed during winter: or phrasewiri-sizm, n. a witty remark ; a sentence
affectedly witty ; a low kind of wit.
pr.p. wintering; Pa.p. win'tered. [A.S., Ger. wittingly, wit'ing-li, adv., knowingly; by design.
winter, old Ger. wintar, winder, prob. allied to witty, witi, adj., possessed ofwit ; amusing ; droll :
Wind.]
winter-quarter*, win'ter-kwawr-t6rz, n.pl. the in B., ingenious.adv. wittily.*, wittiness.
quarters of an army during winter; a winter Witch, wich, n. a woman regarded as having super
residence. natural or magical power \pr.p. witch ing ;pa.t>.
wintery, win'ter-i, wintry, win'tri, adj., resembling, witched'. [A.S. wicce; Dutch, wikken, to sooth
or suitable to winter; stormy. say ; A.S. wiglere, enchanter, wiglian, to divine:
fate, fir ; me", her ; mine ; mote ; mOte ; rnOTn ; Men.
 witchcraft woodman
acc. to Wedgwood, from D. wikken, to weigh, in wolverine, w5~oTve>-en, n. a name given to the
the hand, to tell fortunes, but see Wicked.] glutton, from its rapacity, [dim. of Wolf.]
witchcraft, wichTcraft, . the craft or practice of Woman, woo'man, n, lit. wifeman ; the female of
"j}itekes ; sorcery; supernatural power. man ; a grown female ; a female attendant.^.
witchery, wich'er-i, ., witchcraft ; fascination. Woman, wim'en. [A.S. ivifmann, tuttnmaun;
With, . same as Withe. perhaps connected with Womb.]
With, with, pr?p. denoting nearness or connection ; womanhood, woom'an-hood, . the state, charac
by : in competition or contrast : on the side of: ter, or qualities ofa woman.
immediately after: among. [A.S. widf with, womanish, woom'an-ish, adj., likeof ora woman
suitable; femi
to a
with, at ; Ice. vidhr, Ger. wider, against : conn, woman; having the qualities
with Gr. ?neta, with. J nine.adv. wom anishly.n. wom'aniahness.
withal, wiM-awl', adv., with all or the rest; like womankind, woom'an-klnd, women taken to
wise ; at the same time, gether ; the female sex.
within, wi/A-in", Pre/., in the inner part; inside ; womanlike,
in the reach of; not going outside of.adv. in womanly, woom'an-li, adj., like aorwoman.
woom'an-lik, adj., like
becoming a
the inner part ; inwardly. [With, and In.]
without, wi/A-our/, prep, outside or out of; beyond : woman;woman..
feminine.adv. in the manner of a
womanliness.
not with ; in absence of; not having : except.
adv. on the outside : out ofdoors. [With, and Out] Womb, wfJom, . orig. the belly ; the place where
the young are conceived and kept till birth : the
Withdraw, wiM-draw', v.t., to draw back or away ; place
to take back ; to recall.v.i. to retire ; to go cavity.where anything is produced ; any deep
[A.S- ivamb, womb; Goth, famba; Ger.
away, (prefix with, against, and Draw.]
withdrawal, wi/A-draw'al. withdrawment, wiM-draw'- wamme, watnpe, paunch ; Ice. ventbili, the
ment, n., act ofwithdrawing-; taking back. belly; Sans, vdma, an udder.]
Withe, With, with, . a flexible twig, csp. ofwillow; Wombat, wom'bat, n. an Australian marsupial mam
mal ofthe opossum family, said to be named from
a band of twisted twigs. [A.S. widhig, Ice. the womb or pouch in which it carries its young.
vidhir, Ger. weide, willow : perhaps connected Won, wun,/a./. andpa.p. ofWin.
with L. vitilisvieo, to plait.]
Wither, wi/A'er, v. i. to fade or become dry in the Wonder, wun'der, n. the state of mind produced by
weather; to lose freshness ; to shrink ; waste. asomething strange
new, unexpected, or extraordinary :
thing; a prodigy.v.i. to feci won
v.t. to cause to dry up ; to cause to decay,
waste '.Pr.p. with'cring ; Pa.p. with'ered. [A.S. der ; to be amazed :pr.p. won'dering ; /*./.
won'dered. [A.S. and Ger. wunder.]
wydem, withering, dryness ; gewyder, the wonderful, wun'der-fool, adj., full ofwonder; ex
weather ; Ger. wittern, to weather.] citing wonder: strange: in B., wonderfully.
Withers, wi/A'erz, tt.pl. the ridge between the adv. wonderfully.n. won'derfolnass.
shoulder-bones of a horse. [Ger. widerrist wondrous, wun'drus, adj., wonderful; such as may
wider, against, and rist, a rising, conn, with Rise.] excite wonder; strange.adv. won'dronBly.
Withhold, wi/A-hOld', v.i., to hold back; to keep Wont, wunt, adj. used or accustomed.n. habit.
back, [prefix with, against, and Hold.] v.i. to be accustomed, [pa.p. of old E. won,
Within, Without. Sec under With. wane, A.S. wunian, Ger. wohnen, to dwell.]
Withstand, wi/A-stand', v.t., to stand against; to wonted,
oppose orresist. [prefix With, against, and Stand.] Woo, w50, v.t. lit. to bend; to ask in usual.
wunt'ed, adj., accustomed;
order to mar
Witless, Witling, Witness. Sec under Wit. riage; to court.v.i. to court or make love:
Witticism, Wittingly, Witty. See under Wit. Pr.p. wCRJ'ing ; pa.p. w55ed'.. woo'er. [A.S.
Wizard, wiz'ard, . lit. a wise man ; one who prac wogtanwog, wo, a bending, woh, bent.]
tises witchcraft, or magic [Fr. from Wlee.]
Woad, wOd, n. a plant used as a blue dye-stuff. Wood, wood, n. a collection of growing trees ; the
[A.S. wad; Ger. waid; old Fr. waide; low L. solid part of trees; trees cut or sawed ; timber.
v.t. to supply wood:Pr.p. wood'ing ; pa.p.
gnasdium, connected with Wold.] wooded. [A.S. xvudu, weald; Ger. wald; W.
Woe, Wo, wO, . grief ; misery ; a heavy calamity ; gwydd, trees.]
a curse : an exclamation ofgrief. [A. S. wa ; Ice. woodbine, wood'bln, woodbind, woodTjind, . the
va, vo; Ger. weh ; Goth, vai; L. vat (interj.) ; honeysuckle, so called because it twists and
Gr. ouai; from the sound.] binds the trees together,
woe-begone, wO'-bc-gon, adj.,fargone in or over wood-coal,
whelmed with woe. [Woe, and old E. begone charcoal wood'-kOl, ., coal like wood in texture ;
; lignite or brown coal,
be, intensive, and gone.]
woe worth, in B., woe be to. [worthA.S. which frequents woods.a bird, allied to the snipe,
woodcock, woodTcok, n.
weorthan, Ger. werden, to be. See Was.]
woful/wO'fool, adj.,full ofwoe ; sorrowful : bring wood-cut, wood'-kut, n. an engraving cut on wed;
an impression from it.. wood'-cutter,
ing calamity : wretched.adv. wo'folly.. wo'- wooded, wood'ed, adj.t supplied with so^vi";
fulness. covered with wood,
Wold, wold, n. same as Weald. wooden, wood'n, adj., made ofwoodI hard ; clumsy,
Wolf, woolf, . a rapacious animal allied to the dog : wood-engraving, wood'-en-grav-ing, n. the act or
anything very ravenous. [A.S. wulf; allied to art of engraving on wood; an engraving on, or
L. lupus ; Gr. lukos ; Sans, vrika, a wolf ; L. taken from wood,
vulpes, a fox : from the cry.] woodland, woodland, ., land covered with uwd.
wolf-dog, wOOlf-dog, n. a dogof large breed kept to woodlark, wood'lark, n. a species of lark, found in
guard sheep, especially against wolves. or near woods, singing chiefly on the wing,
wolfish, wdoif ish, adj., like a wolfcither in form or woodman, wood'man, n. a man who cuts down
quality ; rapacious.adv. wolfIshly. trees: a forest officer: a huntsman.
fate, far ; mc, her ; mine ; mote ; mate ; mOTn ; thexu
 wood-nymph Worth
wood'-nimf, n. a nymph or goddess of werold, worold, world; Ice. verSlld; from Sldp
ihe woods. age, course of time, lifetime, and ver, A.S. wer,
woodpecker, wood'pek-er, n. a bird that pecks holes a man, and so = age or life ofman.]World with
in the wood or bark of trees for insects. out end, eternally.
wood-pigeon, wood'-pij-un, n. the wild pigeon which worldling, wurldling, n. one who is devoted to
lives in woods, the ringdove. worldly or temporal possessions.
woodruff, wood'ruf, n. a plant, found in woods and worldly, wurld'li, adj., pertaining to the world,
shady places, with its leaves in whorls like ruffs. esp. as distinguished from the world to come ;
woody, wood'i, adj., abounding with woods; per devoted to this life and its enjoyments ; bent on
taining to woods ; consisting of wood. gain.n. world line*
Wooer. See under Woo. worldly-minded, wurld li-mTnd-ed, adj. having the
Woof, w5of, n. same as Waft, [from Wwure,] mind set on the present world.. worldly-
mindedneaa.
Wool, wflol, n. the soft, curled hair of sheep and Worm, wurm, n. any small creeping animal : any
other animals ; short thick hair. [A.S. wall, Ger. thing that gnaws or torments ; remorse : a de
wolU ; W. gwlan; L. vellus. a fleece, villus, based being ; anything spiral ; the thread of a
shaggy hair ; Gr. oulos, curled.]
wool-gathering, wOoT-gaM-cr-ing, n. idle fancies, as screw: a spiral pipe used in distilling. v.t'. to
ifgathering wool on the hills, which brings small and secret ormeans:fir.p,
work slowly secretly.i/./. to effect by slow
worm'ing; Pa.p.
gain. wormed'. [old E. wrim, A.S. wurm, worm;
wool-grower, wOol'-grO-er, n. one who raises sheep Ice. ormr, serpent, worm; L. vermis; Sans.
for the production of wool. krimi: acc. to Wedgwood, allied to Dutch,
woollen, wuol'en, adj., made of, consisting of, or wremelen, Dan. vrimle, to swarm.]
pertaining to wool. wormwood, wurm'wood, n. a very bitter plant, for
woolly, wOoTi, adj., consisting of or like wool; merly supposed to be good against worms. [A.S.
clothed with wool.n. wool lneM.
woolsack, wOol'sak, . , a sack of wool*, the seat of wermod; Ger. wcrmuth, conn, with wood: acc.
to Wedgwood, a corr. of wormwortWorm, and
the lord chancellor in the House of Lords, being wyrt, a plant.]
a large square sack ofwool covered with scarlet.
Word, wurd, n. an oral or written sign expressing a wormy, wurm'i, adj., like a worm; grovelling;
containing a worm ; abounding with worms.
thought ; talk, discourse ; signal or sign : mes Worn, worn, /a./, of Wtax,
sage ; promise, declaration.The Word, the Scrip
ture ; m It., Christ.v.t. to express in words : Worry, wur'i, v.t. lit. to choke; to tear with the
Pr.p. word'ing ; pa.p. word'ed. [A.S. word. Ice. teeth ; to harass ; to tease ;pr.p. worrying ;
ora, Ger. wort : allied to L. verbum, word.] Pa.p. worried. [Dutch, worgen, to strangle ;
word-book, wurd'-book, n. a booh with a collection Ger. wilrgen, to choke: from the sound ofchoking.]
of words ; a vocabulary. Worse, wars, adj. {used as comp. of Bad), more bad
wording, wurd'ing, n. act, manner, or style of ex or evil: more sick.adv. in a manner more evil
pressing in words. or bad. [A. S. wyrse, old comp. of weorr, bad ;
wordy, wurd'i, adj., full of words ; using or con
taining many wordsadv. werd'lly.n.wordiness. wont, Ger. old wirser; Goth, vairs.]
wurst, adj. , bad or evil in the highest degree.
Wore, wOr,pa.t. of Wear. . the highest degree of badness ; the most evil
Work, wurk, v.t. to make efforts to attain any Pr.p. state.v.t. to bring to the worst ; to defeat :
thing ; to perform ; to be in action ; to be occu worsting ; Pa.p. worst'ed.
pied in business or labour ; to produce effects ; Worship, wur'ship, n. lit. state of having worth or
to strain or labour ; to ferment.v.t. to make by worthiness: in B., honour, respect: a title of
labour; to bring into anystate by action ; to effect; honour : submissive respect ; religious service ;
to influence ; to manage : to solve : to cause to adoration paid to God.v.t. to respect highly;
ferment : to embroider :pr.p. work'ing ; Pa.p. to treat with civil reverence ; to pay divine
worked' or wrought (rawt).n. effort directed honours to; to adore. v.t. to perform acts of
to an end : the result of work ; that on which one adoration ; to perform religious service :Pr.p,
works ; anything made or done ; deed ; effect : a wor'shipping ; pa.p. worshipped.. wor'ablpper.
literary composition ; a book : management ://. [A.S. ivcordhicipeWorth, and affix ship.)
infort., walls, trenches, &c.n. worker. [A.S. worshipful, wur'ship-fool, adj., worthy of worship
weorcan, Ice. verka, Ger. wirken; allied to Gr. or honour, used as a term of respect.
ergd, to work, A.S. weorx, work.]
workable, wurk'a-bl, adj., capable ofbeing worked. Worst. Sec under Worse.
workhonie, wurk'hous, n. a house where any work Worsted, woost'ed, n. twisted thread or yarn spun
or manufacture is carried on : a house of shelter sted, a villagecombed
out of long, wool, [so called from Wor
near Norwich in England.] *
for the poor, who are made to work.
workman, wurk'tnan, n., a man who works or Wort, wurt, n. lit. a root ; a plant of the cabbage
labours, csp. manually; a skilful artificer. kind. [A.S. wirt, wart; Goth, vaurts, a root;
workmanlike, wurk'man-llk, adj., like a %vorkman; Ger. wurz, wurzel; Ice. urt, a plant.]
becoming a skilful workman ; well performed.
workmanship, wurk'man-ship, n., the skill of a Wort, wurt, . new beer unfermented or in the act
of fermentation ; the sweet infusion of malu
workman; manner of making ; work done.
workshop, wurk'shop, *i. a shop where wwrvfrisdone. gewUrz,wirt,
[A.S. wert; w&rze, sweet herbs; Ger.
spice.]
World, wurld, n. the earth and its inhabitants; the Worth, wurth, w. lit. being, substance ; value ; that
system of things : present state of existence : any quality which renders a thing valuable: price:
planet or heavenly body : public life or society ; moral excellence : importance.adj. equal in
business; the public: a secular life: course of
life : a great quantity : in B., the ungodly. [A.S. value to: deserving of.in B., v.u be. [A.S.
weordJiweordhan, to be, connected with Were.]
fate, far ; mc, her ; mine ; mote ; mute ; mOon ; Men.
5<5
 worthless
worthies!, wurthles, adj., of no worth or value ;
having no value, virtue, excellence, &c ; useless.
adv. worthlessly.n. worth'Iessneas.
worthy, wur'Mi, adj., having worth ; valuable ; de
serving: suited to: in B.t deserving (either of
good or bad).n. a man of eminent worth :pl.
wor'thiea.n. wor thineo.
worthily, wur'Mi-li, adv., in a worthy manner I in
Pr. Bk., justly ; truly.
Wot, wot, Wotteth, wot'eth, v.t. in ., prd. of obs.
wit, to know. See Wit.
Would, wood, pad. of W11L [A.S. wolde.]
Wound, wownd, fa.t. and Pa.p. of Wind.
Wound, wOTnd, . a cut or bruise ; hurt ; injury.
vd. to make a wound ; to injure '.pr.p. wound'-
ing; pa.p. wounded. [A.S. wund; Ger. wunde;
Ice. vnd; perh. allied to L. vulnus, a wound.]
Wove, Woven, pa..t. and Pa.p. of Weave.
Wrack, rak, n. sea-weed cast up on the shore used
for making kelp. [Fr. varec, vrac, anything
cast up by the sea ; prob. from root of Wreak.]
Wrangle, rang'gl, v.t. to make a disturbance; to
dispute ; to dispute noisily or peevishly :pr.p.
wrangling ; Pa.p. wrangled.. a noisy dispute,
[low Ger. wrangen, to wrestle ; A.S. wringan,
to wring ; Ice. hrang, noise, from the sound.]
wrangler, rang'gler, n., on* who wrangles or dis
putes angrily : in the university of Cambridge
one of those who pass the best examination for
the degree of B.A.ft. wrangiersbip.
Wrap, rap, vd., to warp or fold together ; to infold ;
to cover by winding something round -~Pr.p.
wrapping ; Pa.p. wrapped', [probably from root
of Warp.]
wrapper, rap'er, n., one who or that which wraps;
a loose outer garment of a woman.
Wrath, rath, n. lit. a twist in the temper: violent
anger; the effects of anger: in B., holy indigna
tion. [A.S. wtredh, wrath, wradh, sour, bitter,
angry: Dutch, wrred, violent; old Ger. reid,
curled, twisted ; allied to Writhe.]
wrathful, rath'fool, adj., full of wrath; very
angry ; springing from or expressing wrath,
adv. wrath folly.. wrath fulneas.
wroth, rawth, adj.,full ofwrath. [A.S. wradh,]
Wreak, rek, v.t. lit. to drive. Pursue; to revenge :
to inflict \~pr.p. wreak'ing ; pa.p. wrecked'.
[A.S. wrecan, to exert, revenge; Ice. reka, to
drive, pursue ; old E. wreke, to cast out.]
Wreath, rSth, n. that which is writhed or twisted ;
a garland. [A.S. ivrxedh.\ See wreathe.
wreathe, re7A, v.t. lit. to cause to writhe or to
twist ; to twine about or encircle.v.t. to l>c in
terwoven :Pr.p. wreathing ; pa.p. wreathed', in
B., wrcath'en. [A.S. wredhan ; old Ger. ridan;
Ice. ridha ; from root of Writhe. ]
Wreck, rek, n. lit. a breaking; destruction ; destruc
tion of a ship ; ruins of a destroyed ship ; remains
of anything ruined.v.t. to destroy or disable :
to ruin.v.t. to suffer wreck or ruin :/r./.
wrecking ; pa.p. wrecked', [old Fris. wrak,
hurt; Dutch, wrak, damaged, a wreck; conn,
withfrag, root offrango, to break.]
wrecker, rek'er, ., one who plunders wrecks.
Wren, ren, n. a small,playful bird. [A. S. wrenna ;
Gael, dreadhan; It. drean; perhaps allied to
A.S. wrame, playful.]
Wrench, rensh, v.t., to wring or pull with a twist;
to force by violence ; to sprain '.pr.p. wrench'-
fate, far ; me, her ; mine ;
566
Writhe
Ing ; Pa.p. wrenched'.n. a violent twist: a
sprain : an instrument for turning bolts, &c
[old Ger. renken, to turn ; Ger. verrenien, to
sprain ; from root of Wring- ]
Wrest, rest, v.t., to twist from by force : to twist
from truth or from its natural meaning :pr.p.
wresting; pa.p. wrest'ed.. violent pulling
and twisting; distortion.. wreat'er. (A.S.
wrastan; Dan. vriste; allied to Writhe.]
wrestle, resT.p.i. to contend by grappling and twist
ing together ; to struggle :J***-A wrestling ;
pa.p. wrestled.n. wraafler. [A.S. wratstiian :
allied to Wrest, Writhe, and perhaps to Wriggle.]
Wretch, rcch, n. lit, an exile or outcast .- a most
miserable person ; one sunk in vice ; a worthless
person. [A.S. wrecca, Ice. refer, an exile,]
wretched, rech'ed, adj. lit, like a wretch; very
miserable : worthless.adv. wretch edly..
wretchedness.
Wretchlese, rechles, (obs.) adj., reckless. fA.S-
receeleas, recklessrec, care. See **ck_]n,
wretch'lesoneis.
Wriggle, rigl, v.i., to twist to andfro.v.t. ta
move by wriggling \pr.p. wriggling ; pa./.
wriggled.ft. wriggler, [low Ger. wnggeln, to
loosen by shaking to and fro ; allied to A.S.
wrigian, to bead, and to Bock.]
Wright, rlt, . lit a workman ; a maker (chiefly
used in compounds, as ship-ien^Ar, &c). [A.is.
wyrhtaworhte, pa.p. of Work,]
Wring, ring, v.t., to twist; to force by twisting ; to
force or compress ; to pain : to extort ; to bend
out of its position.v.i. to writhe; to twist:
Pr.p. wringing: pa.t. and P&-P- wrung, in ..
wnnged'. [A.S. wringan ; Ger. ringen, to
wriggle, twist ; allied to Wriggle.]
wrinkle, ringlet, n. lit. a twist ; a small ridge on a
surface from twisting or shrinking ; unevenncss.
v.t. to contract into wrinkles or furrows; to
make rough,v.i. to shrink into ridges:Pr-P-
wrinkling ; Pa.p. wrinkled. [A.S. wrinctc
wringan, to wring : Dutch, wronckel, a twist
ing ; dim. ofWring.] [be wrinkled.
wrinkly, ringkli, adj.,full of'wrinkles ; liable to
Wrist, rist, n. lit. that which twists or turns ; the
joint above the hand. [A.S. wrist; Dan. wrest;
from root of Wrest.] [which covers the wrist.
wristband, rist'band, n. the band or part of a sleeve
Write, rlt, v.t. lit to scratch, to score; to fom
letters, with apen or pencil ; to express in writing :
to compose : to engrave : to record ; to commun
icate by letter.v.i. to perform the act of writ
ing ; to be employed as a clerk : to compose
books: to send letters ipr.p. writing; pa.t.
wrOte ; pa.p. written. [A.S. writan. Ice. writa,
to draw, trace, rista, to score ; Goth, writs, a
stroke : from the sound of the pen.]
writ, rit, ft., a writing; in law, a written docu
ment by which one is summoned or required to
do something.Holy Writ, the Scriptures.
writer, rit'er, ., one who writes ; a scribe or clerk :
an author.
writerahip, rit'er-ship, ., the office ofa writer.
writing, rlrlng, . act of forming letters with a pen ;
that which is written ; a document ; a Look ;
an inscription.
Writhe, iltk, v.t., to turn to and fro; to twist
violently; to wrest.v.i. to twist :pr.p, writh
ing ; pa.p. writhed'. [A.S. writkan ; Sw. wri*ia,
to twist ; Fris. wridde, to turn to and fro, to twurf.]
mute ; mQte ; mCOn ; thesu
 Writing Yoke
Writing. See under Writ*. age. [A.S. gear; Dutch,/a*jr; Goth, ier; Ger.
Wrong, rong, adj. lit. -wrung at turned aside ; not jahr; Ice. ar: perhaps connected with Go.]
according to rule or right; not fit or suitable ; yearling, yeVling, . an animal a. year old-
incorrect ; not right or true.n. whatever is not yearly, yer'lk, adj., happening every year; lasting
right or just ; any injury done to another.-adv. a year.adv. once a year ; from year to year.
not rightly.v.t. to do wrong to; to injure: Yearn, yern, v.i. to feel earnest desire; to feel
Pr.p. wrong'ing ; Pa.p. wronged'.adv. wrongly. uneasiness, as from longing, or pity \~Pr.p.
IDan. vrang, wrong, vrcenge, to twist; A.S. yearn'ing; pa.p. yearned. [A.S. geornian
wrong, injury; from Wring.] gcorn, desirous ; Ice. girna, to desire ; giartt,
wrongful, rongTool, adj., full of wrong; unjust; desirous : connected with Earnest. ]
injurious.adv. wrong fully, n. wrong-fulneis. yearning, yearn'ing, n., earnest desire, tenderness,
wrong-headed, rong'-hed-ed, adj., wrong in head or pity.adj. longing.adv. yearn'ingly.
ormind; wrong in principle..wrong'-headedneaa. Yeast, yest, . the froth of malt liquors in fermenta
Wrote, J>ast tense ofWrite. tion ; a preparation which raises dough for bread.
Wroth. Sec under Wrath. [A.S. gist; old Ger. jest, gis ; Ger. gascht ;
Wrought, vo.wt,pa.t. and pa.p. of Work. gaJiren, to ferment, froth ; lec.jastr, yeast]
Wrong, rung, pa.t. and pa.p. of Wring. yearty, yesr/i, adj., like yeast; frothy; foamy.
Wry, rX, adj., writhed, twisted, or turned to one Yelk, same as Yolk.
side ;not in the right direction.n, wry'neia. [Dan. Yell, yel, v.i. to howl or cry out with a sharp noise ;
vrie, vride, to twist ; from root of Writhe.] to scream from pain or terror \pr.p. yell'ing;
wryneck, ri'nck , n. a twisted or distorted neck ; a Pa.p. yelled'.. a sharp outcry. [A.S. gellan ;
smalt bird allied to the woodpecker, which twists Ger. gellen ; Ice. gella, gjalla, to shriek ; L.
round its head strangely when surprised. ululo: from the sound, like HowL]
Yellow, yel'o. adj. of a bright gold colour.n. a
bright golden colour.n. yellowness. [A.S. gelu,
Y geolu, Ger. gelb; allied to 1*. galbus, yellow;
also to Gold, Yolk.]
Yacht, yot, . lit. a swift ship; a light vessel for yellow-fever,
pleasure or state. [Dutch, jagt ; Ger. jagd, a warm climates, yel'o-ffi-ver, n. a malignant fever of
often making the skin yellow.
chase, hunting; Gvr.jagen, to chase.] yellow hammer, yel'fi-ham-er, n. a song bird, so
yachter, yot'er, n., one engaged in sailing ayacht. named from its yellow colour,
yachting, yot'ing, . sailing in a yacht. yellowish, yel'o-ish, adj., somewhat yellow..
Yam, yam, n. a Urge root like the potato growing yelTowiahnesa.
in tropical countries. [West Indian, ihame.] Yelp, yelp, v.i. to utter a sharp yell or bark; to
Yankee, yang^e, n. Ht. English; a citizen of New bark shrilly :pr.p. yelp'ing \pa.p. yelped'. [A.S.
England, United States ; an inhabitant of the gealp, aloud sound; Ice. gmlpa, to make a noise;
United States, [corr. ofEnglish, or Fr. Anglais, akin to Yell.]
by the N. American Indians.] Yeoman, yO'man, n. lit a villager or countryman;
Yard, yard. n. lit. a rod; an E. measure of 3 feet a man of common rank next below a gentleman ;
or 36 inches : a long beam on a mast for spreading a man of small estate : an officer oi the royal
square sails. [A.S. geard, gird, a rod, measure ; household. [Fris. gasman, villagergoo, gae,
Dutch, gard; Ice. girdi, osier.] district, village : or a mean or common man, A.S.
yard-arm, yard'-arm, n. the half or arm of a ship's gemene, Ger. genuine, mean, common.]
yard from the centre to the end. yeomanry, y6'man-ri, . the collective body of
Yard, yard, n. a place guarded or enclosed, csp. Yea, yeomen or freeholders.
near a building. [A.S- geard, hedge, inclosurc ; [A.S. yes, adv. ay ; a word of affirmation or consent
Ice.gardr, a fence, inclosuxe ; W. gardd, a yard. gesegea, yea, and $e, let it bewesan,
See Garden.] to be.]
Yarn, yarn, n. spun thread ; one of the threads of Yerter, yes'ter, adj., relating to yesterday ; last.
a rope. [A,S.g*r*,* Ice. and Ger, gam; Dutch, [A.S. gistran, yesterday ; Ice. ges, L. hen, orig.
garen, garen.\ hes, Gr. chthes, Sans, hyas.]
Yarrow, yar'6, . the plant milfoil. [A.S. gearwe ; yesterday, yes'ter-da, n. the day last Past.
yesternight, yes'ter-nlt, . the night last past.
Ger. garbe.] Yet, yet, adv. in addition ; besides : at the same
Yawl, yawl, n. lit ajolly boat ; a small ship's boat, \ time ; up to the present time ; hitherto : even :
with 4 or 6 oars. [Dutch, jol; Sw.julle; Dan. I however.conj. nevertheless ; however. [A,S.
jolle, to row. See Jolly-boat] yet; Gcv.jetzt; allied to Gr. eti, yet.]
Yawn, yawn, v.Lt to gape ; to open the jaws from Yew, u, n. an evergreen
drowsiness :pr.p. yawn ing ; pa.p. yawned'.. quent in churchyards. tree, allied to the pine, fre
[A.S. cow; old Ger. iwa;
the opening of the mouth from drowsiness. [A.S.
ginian ; Scot, gant ; Ger. g&hnen ; allied to Gr. Ger, rib*; Sw. id; W. yw.]
cliaino", L. hio, to gape ; sec Hlatm.] Yield, y5ld, v.t. lit. to pay, give up ; to resign ; to
yawning, yawn'ing, adj., gaping; opening; wide: grant: to expend ; to produce.v.i. to submit ;
drowsy.n. act of opening wide or gaping. to comply with ; to give place :Pr.p. yielding ;
Ye, yc.pron. the nom. pi. of the ad person. [A.S. Pa.p. yicld'ed.n. amount yielded ; product.
ge; Dutch, gij, jou, u; Dan. 1; Goth, jus; [A.S. and Goth, gildan, to pay ; Ger, gelten ;
Ice. gjalda, to pay. Sec Guilt]
Ger. ihrl perhaps connected with Thon, These.] yielding,
Yea, ya, adv., yes; verily. [A.S. gea, iagese; Ice., complyyield'ing, adj. inclined to give way or
; compliant.adv. yieldingly.
Ger., and Goth, ja.]
Year, y :r, n. the time the earth takes to go round Yoke, yOk, that which joins together; the frame
the sun . 365 days or 12 months '.pi. age or old of wood joining oxen for drawing ; any similar
file, far ; mS, her ; mine ; xnOte ; mate ; mOTm ; Men.
567
 yoke-fellow
frame, as one for carrying pails ; a mark of ser
vitude ; slavery : in />., a pair or couple.v.t. to
put a yoke on: to join together: to enslave :
/r./. yOk'ing ; /a./, yoked'. [A.S. ioc; Goth.
j'uk; Ger. jock; h. jugumjungo, to join; Gr.
zugonzeugnnmi, to join; Sans, yudj, to join.]
yoke fellow, y0k'-fel-l5, yoke-mat*, yOk'-mat, . an
associate ; a mate or fellow.
Yolk, yOk, Yelk, yelk, n. the yellow part of an egg.
[A. S. geolcafrom root of Yellow. )
Yon. yon, Yonder, yon'der, adv. at a distance within
view.-adj. being at a distance within view.
[A.S. gcond, thither, yonder ; Goth. jai$td,
thither,jainar. therejains, that; Ger. jener,
that, connected with That ]
Yore, yOr, n. in old time, (from A.S. genre, allied
to gear, a year : or from geo, formerly r, ere,
before.]
You, 0, firon. 2d pers. pron. pi., but also used in
the sing. [A.S. tow; Ger. ruck; sec Ye.]
yonr, Qr, pron. poss. of Yoa ; belonging to you.
[A.S. eower.]
youre, flrz.pron. poss. ofYou, not followed by a noun,
yowielf, Gr-self, pron., your own selfor person.
Young, yung, adj. not long born; in early life ; in
the first part of growth: inexperienced.n. the
offspring of animals. [A.S. geong, inng, Ger.
jung ; allied to L. juvenis, Sans, yuvan!]
youngish, yung'ish, adj., somewhatyoung.
youngling, yung'ling, n., a youngperson or animal,
youngiter. yung'stcr, ., a youngperson ; a lad.
youth, yCTjth, ., state 0/ being young; early life;
a young person ; young persons taken together.
[old K. yongth; A.S. geogudkgeong, young;
Ger. j'ugena; Goth, junda.]
youthful, yoUth'fool, adj., pertaining to youth or
early life; young; suitable to youth; fresh;
vigorous,adv. youth fully.n. youth'fnlnei*.
z adv. zoolog ically.
Zany, zu'ni, . a mcrry-andrew ; a buffoon. [Fr.
zani ; It. zanni, orig. the same as Giovanni,
John : or from L. sannio, a buffoon.]
Zeal, zel, ., boiling or passionate ardour for any
thing. [L. zelus ; Gr. zeloszed, to boil.]
zealot, zel'ot, ., onefull ofzeal; an enthusiast ; a
fanatic. [Gr. zlldtes.]
ze&loui, zcl'us, adj.,full of zeal; warmly engaged
or ardent in anything.adv. zeal'oualy.
fate, fTir ; me, her ; mine ;
Zymotio
Zebra, zCora, n. an animal of the horse kind, beau
tifully striped. [Sp. zebra, cebra; Fr. sebre.]
Zend, zend, n. an ancient Persian dialect.
Zenith, ze'nith, n. lit. the place above tke head;
the point of the heavens directly overhead ; great
est height. [Fr. ; Sp. zenit ; from Ar. semi-ar
rassemt, quarter, ar or al, the, ras, head.)
Zephyr, zef'ir, n., the ivest wind; a soft, gentle
breeze. [Gr. zephyroszophos, darkness, we%t ]
Zero, ze rO, . cipher ; nothing : the point froei
which a thermometer is graduated. [Fr., It
Sp. zero, perhaps from root of Cipher : m-j.-j
probably from Ar. zaro, a seed. ]
Zest, zest, . orig. a piece of lemon or orange peel
used to give a flavour ; something that gives a
relish: relish. [Fr. seste, tbe inner skin of a
walnut, and alsoofa lemon, perh. from L. schistus,
Gr. sckistos, cleft, dividedGr. sckizd, to cleave,]
Zigzag, zig'zag, adj. having short, sharp turns.v.t,
to form with short turns. [Fr. ; Ger. zikzack;
an imitation of a short angular movement.]
Zinc, zingk, . a bluish-white metal, somewhat like
tin. [Fr. ; Ger. zinJc, prob. allied to zinn, tin.]
Zodiac, zO'di-ak, . lit. the circle of animals ; an
imaginary belt in the heavens containing the
twelve constellations, called signs of the zodiac
[Gr. zddiakos, of animals {teyklas, a circle)
zodion, dim. of zdon, an animal, zoo, to live.)
zodiacal, zc-dl'ak-al, adj. , pertaining to the zodiac.
Zone, zOn, ., a girdle ; one of the five great divi
sions of the earth. [Gr. zdn?, a girdlezdnnumi^
to gird ; connected with the root of Join, Yoke]
zoned, zOnd, adj. , wearing a zone or girdle ; having
zones or concentric bands.
Zoology, zo-ol'o-ji, ., discourse on animals; that
part of nat. hist, which treats of animals. [Gr.
zdon, an animal, and logos, a discourse.]
zoological, ztV-o-Ioj'ik-al, adj., pertaining ta zoology.
zoologlit, zo-ol'o-jist, ., one versed in zoology.
zoophyte, zO'o-fIt, n. lit. an animal plant, a term
now applied to true polyps, as corals, &c. [Gr.
zdophytonzdon, an animal, zndphyton, a plant.]
Zymotic, zT-mot'ik, adj. , pertaining to or caused by
fertnentation : denoting all diseases, as cholera,
typhus, &c. in which a poison works through the
body like a ferment. [Gr. zymod, to ferment
zymd, ferment.]
mote ; mute ; mOOn ; then.
GLOSSARY of Obsolete and Rare Words and Meanings in
Milton's Poetical Works not given in the Dictionary.

[Many words not obsolete are used by Milton in their strictly literal sense. These meanings will
be found in the Dictionary.]
Abortive Cedarn
Abortive, a-bor*tiv, adj. rendering abortive. Balmy, b3m7, adj. bearing balm.
Abrupt, ab-rupt', n. an abrupt place. Bandlte, ban'dit, n. bandit.
Absolve, ab-zolv', v.t. to finish, accomplish. Base, bas, . a skirt which hung down from the
Aequlst, nk-kwist', n. acquisition. waist to the knees of a knight when on horse
Adjun&ntean, ad-a-man-te'an, adj. hard as adamant. back, so called from its base or low situation.
AdM, a'dSz, n. Hades. Battalions, bat'til-us, adj. arrayed /or battle, er
Admonishment, nd-mon'ish-mcnt, . admonition. appearing to be so. [old Fr. bataillous, from
Adorn, a-dorn, Pa.p. adorned. root of Battle.]
Adust, a-dust', Adusted, a-dust'cd, adj. burned up; Battle, bat'tl, . the body of an army.
dried up. [L. adustus, pa.p. of aduro, to burn Bank, bawk, v.t. to balk.
upad, inten., and vro, conn, with Sans, ush, Bedropt, be-dropt', pa.p. of Bedrop, v.t. to cover, as
to burn.] ivith drops, [prefix be, and Drop.]
Advise, ad-vlr/, v.t. to take advice, to be advised. Behemoth, be'hc-moth, . the elephant.
Advised, ad-vird', adv. advisedly. Belike, hi-llk', adv., it is likely ; probably, [pre
Afield, a-fcld', adv., onjteld; to the field. fix be, and Like.]
Ake, ak, n. ache. Eespake, be"-spak', pa /. of Bespeak.
Alchymy, al'ki-mi, n. alchemy. Bespeak, bc-spek', v.t. to speak, or speak to. [pre
Aloof, a-lCOf, Prep- away or at a distance from. fix be, and Speak.]
Alton, al-tern , adj. alternate.adv. alternately. Besprent, be"-sprent', adj., sprinkled over* [old E.
Ammiral, am'mi-ral, ft. admiral ; also, a ship. bespreint, besprengyd, pa p. of besprenge, A.S.
Ampnisbana, am-fis-be'na, n. a serpent that can go besprengan, to besprinkle.]
both ivaysforwards or backwards. [L.Gr. Bestead, Bested, b6-sted', v.t., to place or dispose:
ampkis, ampki, on both sides, baind, to go.] to assist, to serve, [prefix be, and Stead, a place.]
Anarch, anark, n. anarchist. Bestick, be-stik', v.t., to stick over, as with sharp
Apostasy, a-pos'ta-si, *. apostates. points. Tprcfix be, and Stick.]
Appald, ap-pfid', A?./, ofAppay, v.t., to appease or Bestrew, bfi-strOO', v.t., to stre-.u or scatter over*
satisfy, [old Fr. appayer, low L. appacareL. [prefix he, and Strew.]
ad, inten., and paco, to pacify-Pax, peace. Sec Bestrown, be*-strOn', Pa.p. of Bestrew.
?y-] ap-pel'ant, n. a challenger. Bestuck, bC-stuk', jia.t. and Pa.p. of Bestick.
Appellant, Biding, bTd'ing, ., abiding; stay.
Arbitrament, ar-bit'ri-mcnt, . arbitrament. Blanc, blank, adj., white, [a form of Blank.]
Arboret, aVbor-et, ., a small tree or shrub, [old Bloom, bluuin, v.t. to produce in full bloom or
Fr.L. arbor, a tree. ] beauty.
Arboroni, ar'bur-us, adj. , like an arbour. Budge, buj, n. Iamb-skin fur, formerly used as an
Arch-chymlc, arch-kim ik, adj., of supreme cJumi- edging for scholastic gowns.adj. lined with
calpirzvers. [Arch, chief, and Chemic] budge ; scholastic, [old E. budge. Iamb-skin ;
Ardor, Ardour, aVdor, n. a spirit old Fr. boge, a leather sack ; It. bolgia, L.
Aread, Areed, Arreed, a-rCd', v.t., to read: to Imlga, a leather bagCelt. bolg. Sec Budget,
counsel, [from root of Read.] Bulge.]
Armoury, arm'or-i, . armour. Bordenous, burMn-us, adj. burdensome.
Artful, art'fool, adj., relating to art* *
Assassinated, as-as'sin-ut-ed, Pa.p. taken by treach Captive, kap'tiv, v.t., to take captive ; to capture.
ery. Career, ka-reV, . onset.
Atheist, ,1'the-ist, adj., godless. Catsphract, kat'a-frakt, n, a piece of cloth or
Atheous, a'the-us, adj., without God, ungodly. leather armour to cover or defend the breast, or
Attend, at-tend', v.t. to wait for. the whole body, of a horseman, or even of tha
Attest, at-test', . attestation. horse ; a man and horse in armour. [Gr. kata-
Attrite. at-trlt', adj. worn by rubbing* [L. attri- phraktos, coveredkatafhrassd, to coverkata,
tus, pa.p. of attero, to rub.] quite, phrassd, to enclose.]
Auxlllar, awg-zil'yar, adj. auxiliary. Cates, kats, rt.pl,, food; provisions; delicacies,
Axurn, a'zhurn, adj., azure, of a blue colour, [old [old Fr. acat, from root of Cater.]
Fr. azurin, It. azzurino. See Autre.] Cedarn, sS'darn, adj., ofcedar.
fate, far; me, her; mine; mute; mute; moun ; then.
36,
 Cerastes
Cerastes, se-ras'tez, n. a genus of poisonous African
serpents, having a horny scale over each eye.
[L.Gr. kerastis, hornedkeras, horn. J
Chalybean, ka-lib'e-an, adj. forged by the Chalybes
of Pootus, noted for their preparation of steel ;
well-tempered. [Gr. chalyps, chaJybos, iron,
steel, so called from the Chalybes; but some
say they were named from the steel.]
Chamberlin, cham'ber-lin, n. a servant in an inn, in
olden times, who united in himself the offices of
chambermaid, waiter, and boots, [a form of
Chamberlain]
Giampain, sham-pan', adj. champaign.
Chariot, chariot, v.t. to convey m a chariot
Ciellng, seTing, . ceiling, used by Milton as if de
rived from L. caelum, heaven.
Civil-suited, si/il-sflt-ed, adj., suited or attired like
a civilian or citizen, as opposed to the gay
dresses of courtiers, &c.
Clamour, klam'ur, v.t. to salute with clamour or
notse.
CIom, klos, adj. crafty.
Commercing, kom-mers'ing, pr.p. of Commerce, v.i.
to hold intercourse with.
Compact, kom-pakt', adj. composed or made of.
Composure, kom-pfl'zhur, n. composition; agree
ment.
Concent, kon-sent', ., a singing together ; concert ;
harmony. [L. concerttuscon, together, and
cano, cantum, to sing.]
Concernment, kon-sern'ment, that which con
cerns one.
Ooncoctfro, kon-kokr'iv, adj. having the power of
digesting or ripening.
Condense, kon-dens', adj., dense; compact; close
in texture. [L. condensescondense. See Con
dense.]
Condolement, kon-doTmcnt, n, condolence.
Confine, kon-fW, v.i. to have the same boundary
with ; to border on.
Connagrant, kon-lla'grant, adj., burning together.
[L. con, together, and Flagrant ]
Conform, kon-form', adj. made like in form;
assuming the same shape ; similar. [L. con-
formiscon, andforma, form.]
Conglobe, kon-glob', v.t. or i. to collect together
into a globe or round mass \-~Pr.p. conglob'ing ;
pa.p. conglObed'. [L. conglobocont together,
and globus, a globe. See Globe.]
Congratulant, kon-grat'O-lant, adj., congratulating.
[L. congratulans, -antis, pr.p. of congratulor.}
Consolatory, kon-sol a-tor-i, n., that which consoles;
a speech or writing intended for consolation.
";, kon'sort, ., concert: harmony ofsounds.
, kon-sult', . a consultation ; a council.
kon-tra'ri-us, adj., shewing contra
riety; repugnant; opposite.
Convene, kon-yers', v.i. to be alternated or mixed.
Convict, kon'vikt, Pa.p. convicted.
Cry, krl, . a pack (of hounds).
Cyprea-lawn, Cypres lawn, sfpres-, sT*prus-!awn, n.
crape, [prob. named from the island of Cyprus,
e first manufactured there.]
Daffodilly, dafo-diM, . daffodil.
Dank, The, dangk, . the waters, [from Bank, adj.]
Debel, de-bel', v.t., to carry on war against ; to
conquer, subdue. [L. debelio, to carry on war
-de, and beHum, war.]
, dfi-fend', v.t. to forbid.
, de-fish ens, n. deficiency.
, de-form', adj. deformed.
late, far ; m?, her ; mine ;
57o
Enterprise
Deject, de'-jekt', adj., dejected, cast down.
Democratic, -ty, de-mok ra-ti, . democracy.
Demonian, de-mO'ni-an, adj. having the nature ej
a demon.
Deport, de-port', n. deportment.
Descry, de-skrt', v.t. to describe.
Devoted, de-vOt'ed, adj. doomed to evil or destruc
tion.
Dight, dTt, v.t., to arrange, array, prepare, adorn:
fa.t. and Pa.p. dight, dight'ed. [A.S. diktan
L. dicto, to order, to dictate, freq. of to
say.]
Dlmenstonless, di-men'shun-les, adj., without di
mensions.
Dlsally, dis-al-ll', v.t., to part as an alliance ; to
separate. (L. dis, asunder, and Ally.]
Discontinuous, dift-kon-tin'u-us, adj., not continuous.
Discourse, dis-kors', n. the power of the mind to
reason by running, as it were, from one fact or
reason to another, and gathering them into a
conclusion; an exercise of this power.
Disespouse, dis-es-pour', v.t., to release from es
pousal or plighted faith. [L. dis, asunder, and
Espouse.]
Dinordinate, dis-oKdin-ZLt, adj., not ordinate or in
order; irregular. [L. dis, neg. and Ordinate.]
Dispense, dis-pens', . dispensation.
Dlrplode, dis-plGd', v.t. lit. to beat asunder, hence,
to spread out ; to discharge :Pr.p. displadlng ;
/<*./. displOd'ed. [L. aisplododis, asunder,
Plaudo, to beat.]
Dispose, dis-poV, n. disposal.
Disputant, dis'pO-tant, adj. disputing. "I. dis-
putans, -antis, pr.p. ofdisputo. See Dtspwnt.]
Disrelish, dis-rel'isn, v.t., to take away the relish
for.
Dissent, dis-sent', v.t. to cause difference.
Distract, dis-trakr/, adj. distracted.
D1strest, dis-trest/, adj. distressed.
Disturb, dis-turb', n. disturbance.
Dividual, di-vid'Q-al, adj., divided or shared ia
common with others.
Drench, drensh, v.t. to close, as with a sleeping
potion.
Drouth, drouth, n. drought.
Drugged, drugM, adj. nauseated, as people are with
drugs.
Easy, cz'i, adj.. having ease.
Eclipse, ek-lips, v.i. to suffer an eclipse.
Eld, eld, n. old age. [A.S.]
Elevate, cl'6-v5t, adj. elevated.
Ellops. Elops, el'ops, n. lit. the mute one ; a serpent
that does not hiss. [Gr.r mute.]
Emblaze, em-blaV, v.t. to emblazon.
Embost, cm-bost', Pa.p. embossed.
Embost, cm-bost', pa.p. hid or sheltered in a bush
or wood. [Fr. embosguer, It. imboscart ; from
root of Bosh.]
Emprise, em-prlr*, ., an enterprise, an tinder-
taking, [old Fr.en, and prise, a taking
Prendre, L. prehendere, to take. Sec Prison.]
Encrease, en-kres', a form of Increase.
Enerve, e-ner/, v.t. to enervate.
Enginery, en'jin-ri, n. engines or instruments ofwar.
Enow, g-now, adj. a form of Enough.
Ensanguined, cn-san'gwind, adj.,
blood, [prefix en, in, and L. s
blood.]
Enterprise, en'ter-prlz, v.t. to undertake; to rcn-
ture upon :pr.p. en'terprlsing ; pa./, en'ter-
prlsed.
mOte ; mQte ; mCon ; then.
 Envermeil Interveined
EnvermeU, en-ver'mil, v.t. to give a red colour to. Gyves, jTvr, n.pl. shackles, fetters. [W. gyfyn.}
adj. having a red colour. (Fr. en, in, vermeil,
vermilion, red; from root of Vermilion.] Habitant, hab'i-tant, n. an inhabitant. [Fr.L.
Trr, er, v.t. lo mistake '.pr.p. erring '.pa.p. erred'. hjzbitans, -antis, pr.p. of habito, to dwell. See
Ethereous, e>thc"rc-us, adj. ethereal. Inhabit.]
Eyn, in, old plural of Eye. Hamony, h'mon-i, n. a plant, probably so named
from Htrmonia or Thcssaly, the land of magic.
Fantastic, fan-tas'tik, a fantastic person, cox Handed, handed, adj. with hands joined ; hand in
comb, fop. hand.
Fufet, farTet, adj. far-fetched. Hap, hap, v.i. to happen.
Feed, fed, . a meal . act of feeding. Harass, har'as, . devastation.
Firry, ferVi, v.t. to pass over in a Boat. Haut, hawt, adj. haughty.
Fitly, fit'li, adv., in a fitting manner.suferl. Herdman, herd man, . a shepherd ; a pastor.
fltllest, most fitly. Highth, htt'th, m. a form of Height.
Fledge, flej, adj. feathered ; furnished with wings. Highthen, hlt'thn, v.t. a form of heighten.
Flowery-Urtled, flow'er-i-ker'tld, adj. having kirtles Hist, hist, v.i. to come stealing along crying hist I
flowered or adorned with figures of flowers. Hosting, hosting, n. an encounter of two hosts; a
Flown, Hun, adj. overflown. battle.
Forblddance, for-bid'danx, ., act offorbidding', Hutch, huch, v.t., to put in a hutch or box.
condition of being forbidden : prohibition. Hydros, hl'drus, n. a hydra.
Forgery, fOrj'er-i, act offorging or working into
shape. Zdollst, iMul-ist, v. an idolater.
Forgetful, for-getTool, adj. causing forgetfulness. Etlaudable. il-lawd'a-bl, adj., not laudable or praise
Foughten, faw t'n, f-.i /. (.f Fight. worthy. [L. in, not, and laudable.]
Founder, foun'der, v.t. to fail, to miscarry.night- Imblaze, im-bllr/. v.t. a form of Emblazon.
foundered, having lost the way by night. Imblazonry, im-bla'zn-ri, n. same as emblazonry.
Frame, frSm, v.i. to agree. Imbost, im-bost', same as Embost.
Fraud, frawd, . error, mistake, crime. Xmbrnte, im-brODr*, v.t. to reduce to the state ofa
Fraught, frawt, n. freight. brute:pr.p. imbrut'ing ; pa.p. imbrut'ed. [L.
Frequence, frC'kwens, n. a crowd, throng, attend in, into, and Brute.]
ance. Xnunanacle, im-man'a-kl, v.t., to Put in manacles ;
Frequent, fr*Tcwent, adj. full, crowded. to fetter or confine '.J>r.p. imman'acling ; pa p.
Frequent, fre-kwent', v.t. to nil. imman'acled. [L. in, into, and Manacle.]
Freahet, fresh'ct, n. a fresh-water stream. Immedicable, im-med'i-kabl, adj., not medicable or
Frier, frfer, . a friar. able to be healed. [L. in, not, and Medicable.}
Frore, frflr, adj., frozen, frosty. [A.S. frortn, Immix, im-miks*, v.t., to mix. [L. in, and Mix.]
pa.p. offrcosan, to freeze. See Freeze.] Imp, imp, v.t. lit. to graft ; to insert feathers into,
Fuel, fuel, v.t. to fill or supply with fuel :fr.J>. as into a broken wing ; to mend or extend, as a
fu'elling ; pa.p. ftt'elled. broken or short wing. [Sec Imp, .]
Fulmlne, ful'min, v.i., tofulminate, to thunder. Imparadlse, im-par'a-dls, v.t., to put in a paradise
Full, fu'zil, adj., capable of being melted. [L. or place of extreme felicity ; to make perfectly
fusilisf*ndo. Sec Fuse, to melL] happy '.pr.p. impar'adlsing ; Pa.p. impaVadlscd.
[L. inf into, and Paradise.J
Gad, gad, v.i. to rove about; of a vineto creep Import, im-port', v. i. to be of importance.
in all directions. Importune, lm-por-tur/, adj. importunate.
Can, gan, a contraction of Began. Impregn, im-pren', v.t. to impregnate :Pr.p. ira-
Gem, jem, v.t. to form into round knots. pregn'ing ; Pa.p. irnpregnecf.
Glib, glib, v. t. to make glib :pr.p. glibblng ; Pa.p. Incentive, in-sen'tiv, adj. serving to kindle. [L.
glibbed'. incendens, pr.p. of incendo. See Incendiary. ]
Gonfalon, gon'fa-lon, Gonfinon, gon'fa-non, n. lit. a Incompoeed, in-kom-pozd', adj., not composed; dis
warflag; an ensign or standard. [Fr. ; It. gon- ordered. [L. in, not, and composed.]
falone ; old Fr. gonfanonold Ger. gundfano, Indamage, in-dam'^j, same as Endamage.
war-flaggund, vrar,fano, cloth, flag.] Individual, in-di-vid'fl-al, adj., not to be divided.
Grand, The, n. the great ones, the grandees. Infamed, in-famd', adj., notfamed; uncelebrated.
Gray-fly, Grey-fly, gra'-lli, n. the trumpet-, or gad [L. inf not, and famed ]
fly. Inform, in-form', v.t. to direct: to animate.
Greves, gr?vz, .//. a form of Greaves, armour for Ingrateful, in-grat'fool, adj., not grateful; not
the legt. pleasing. [L. in, not, and Grateful, j
Gride, grid, v.i. to cut with a grating sound ; to Innumerous, in-nu'mer-us, adj. innumerable.
pierce harshly :pr.p. grid'ing ; P*t.p. grTd'ed. Inoffensive, in-of-fen'siv, adj. presenting no impedi
[from root of Cry.] ment.
Gria-amber, gris'-am-bcr, n. ambergris. Insphered, in-sferd', adj. placed in a sphere.
Gronndxell, ground'scl, Groundsill, ground'sil, fr., Instinct, in-stingkt'f adj. inflamed,opposed to
the sill or timber of a building which lies next to Extinct.
the ground. Instinct, in-stinglcr*, adv. instinctively.
Gruntel, grun'sel, a form of Groundsel. Initruct, in-strukt', fa.p. instructed.
Gryphon, grif'un, n. a form of Grunn. Intend, in-tend', v.i. to consider.
Gorge, ecrj, n. a whirlpooL [L. gurges. See Interrupt, in-ter-mpt*, adj., interrupted; broken.
Gorge.J [L. interruptus, pa.p. of interrumpo. See Inter
Gymnlc, jim'nik, adj., pertaining to or performing rupt.]
athletic exercises* [Gr. gymnihosgymnos. Interveined. in-ter-vJind', adj. intersected, as with
See Gymnastic.] veins. [L. inter, between, through, and Vein,]
fate, far ; mC, her ; mine ; mOtc ; mute ; mOOn ; then.
 Intoxicate
Intoxicity in-toksl-kat, intoxicated.
Invisible, in-viz'i-bl, n, invisibility.
Jaculatlon, jak-O-la'shun, n. the act of darting or
throwing out. [h. jacular, -atus, to throw, as a
dartjaculum, a dartjatio, to throw.]
Jut, just, a. justice.
Eerchiefed, kcrVhcft, adj. covered as with a ker
chief.
Kin, kist, a form of kissed.
Xzar, zar, k. a form of Czar.
Labour, la'bur, v.t. to work at, to till.
Landslip, land'skip, n. landscape.
Lax, laks, adv. at large, with abundance of room.
Llbbard, lib'bard, n. a form of Leopard.
Limbeck, lim'bek, n. a corr. of Alembic.
Umber, lirn'oer, adj.)flabby; limp ; flexible ; pliant
[W. llibin, lleipr, flaccid, drooping; Ice. tim*
piaz, to become slack.]
Limitary, lim'it-ar-i, adj., placed at the limit as
a guard ; confined s.within limits ; limited in
extent, &c.
Lubbar, lub'ar, adj. lubberly, same as Lubber.
Mad, mad, v.t. to make mad:/r./. madding;
Pa.p. madd'ed.
Magnetic, mag-nct'ik, . the magnet.
Marasmus, ma-rar/mus, ., a wasting of flesh with
out apparent disease. [Gr. marasmosmaraind,
(in passive) to waste away.]
Margrnt, m:'ir jent, n. a form of Margin.
Marisb, mar'ish, . a form of Maimh.
Marie, marl. . a form of Marl.
Matron, mitrun, adj. matronly.
Meath, me/A, n. a form of Mead, the liquor.
Meteoroue, mtE-te'or-us, adj., of the nature of a
meteor.
Mickle, mik'l, adj. a form of Much.
Miscreated, mis-kre-at'ed, adj., wrongly created;
deformed. [A.S. mis, ill, wrongly, and Create.]
Misdeem, mis-dGm', v.t., to deem or think "wrongly.
[A. S. mis, ill, wrongly, and Deem.]
Mislike, mis-Ilk', v.t., to dislike; to hate. [A.S.
mis, wrongly, and Like.]
Misthought, mis-thawt', n., a wrong notion, [pa.p.
of mistliinK; to think wronglymis, wrongly,
and Think.]
Mistook, mis-took', mistaken, Pa.p. of Mistake.
Moly. mo'li, n. a fabulous herb of secret power
said by Homer to have been given by Mercury
to Ulysses as a counter-charm against the spells
of Circe. [Gr.]
Murren, murren, n. murrain.
Murrbine, murVin, or -'rln, adj., relating to, or
made of murrha, a kind of stone, of which
costly vessels were made by the ancients. [L.
murrhinusmurrha.]
Muse, muz, v.t. to think or meditate on ; to brood
over.
Myrrhine, a form of Murrbine.
Katbless, nathles, adv., not the less, nevertheless.
[A.S. nathelessna, not, the and less.]
Heed, nd, v.i. to be required.
Night-foundered. See Foundered.
Hocent, nO'scnt, adj., hurting; mischievous. [L.
nocens, -entis, pr.p. o( naceo, to hurt.]
notion, nu'shun, n. sense, understanding, intellec
tual power.
Null, nul, v.t. a form ofAnnul.
fate, far; inc. her; mine;
573
Purpose
numbered, nun/herd, adj. numerous.
Numerous, nu'mer-us, adj. measured ; melodious.
Oary, oVi, adj., having the form or use of an
oar.
Obdured, ob-durd', adj. hardened. [See Obdurate.}
Oblige, O-btlj', v.t. to render liable to punishment.
Obscure, ob-skQY, . obscurity.
Observe, ob-zerv', v.t. to watch and obey.
Officiate, of-fish'i-at, v.t. to dispense in virtue of an
office.
Officious, of-fish'us, adj. ministering.
Omniflc, om-niftk, adj., all-creating. [L. as if
omniflcusomnis, all, andfacia, to do or make.]
Opacou, S-pak'us, adj. opaque.
Oraculous, o-rak'u-lus, adj. oracular.
Ore, ork, n. a kind of whale. [L. orca.]
Orient, O'ri-cnt, adj. splendid.
Overwatch, 6-ver-wocn, v.i., to watch or keep
awake overmuch.
Pale, pal, n. paleness.
Paragon, par'a-gon, v.t. to compare, to parallel.
Paranymph, para-nimf, n. a bride-min or bride-
maid. [Gr. Para, beside, nymphi, a bride.]
Pari, Parle, pari, n. parley.
Passion, pasfi'un, n. compassion.
Paven, pav'n, a form of Paved.
Pen, pen, ., afeather, a wing.
Pennon, pen'un, n. a pinion, a wing.
Phrenzy, fren'zi, . a form of Frenay.
Pinfold, pinTuld, n. a pen or fold in which animals
are enclosed.
Plain, plan, v.t. to complain, to lament. [See
Plaint.]
Plenipotent. plc-nip'o-tent, adj., possessing full
power. [L. plenus, full, potens, -entis, powerful.
See Potent.]
Plumb, plum, adv. perpendicularly.
Plume, pluom, v.t. to place as a plume.
Pollute, pol'Qt, P&-P- polluted.
Pontifical, pnn-tink-al, adj., pertaining to the
building of bridges. [L. pontifcatispons, a
bridge, andfacto, to make. See Pontage.]
Pontlflce, pon'ti-fis, n. , bridge-work ; a bridge. [L.
pons, a bridge, andfacie, to make.]
Possess, poz-zes', v.t. to occupy.
Pourlieo, a form of Purlieu.
Pravity, pravl-ti, n. , depravity, moral perversion.
W>. pravitaspravus, crooked.]
Presentment, pre-zent'ment, . representation,
appearance.
Prevenient, pre-vcnl-ent, adj., going before. [L.
Prarvenicns, -entis, pr.p. of prarvenio. Sec
Prevent.]
Prick, prik, v.t., to spur onward ; to ride forth on
horseback.
Prlntlesj, printles, adj., leaving no Print or mark.
Procinct, prO-singkt', . complete preparation for
battle. [L. procinctuspro, before (one), and
cingo, cinctum, to gird up the clothes.]
Profluent, proflJEJ-ent, adj.,flawingforward. [L.
pro, forward, and fluent.]
Fropense, pro-pens', adj. lit. hanging forward:
inclined; prone. [L. propensus, pa.p. of pro-
pendeopro, forward, Pcndeo, pensum, to hang. ]
Punctual, pungk'tQ-al, adj. being merely a point.
Pure, pur, n. purity.
Purfled, pur'fld, Pa.p. of purfle, to work with gold
thread; to embroider ; to fringe, [old Fr.
Pourfiterpourt for, and fil, h.fltum, a thread.]
Purpose, pur'pos, n. discourse ; conversation.
mOte; mate; mOOn; then.
 Quip
Quip, kwip, ., a smart, sarcastic turn, a taunt,
jibe, jeer. [W. c/twip, a quick turn, chwtpio,
to move briskly.]
Quit, kwit, fa.p. quitted.
Rathe, rath, adj., cuick; coming before others;
early. [A.S. rath, swift, early. J
Ravin, Ravine, rav'n, n. a form of raven, plunder.
Realty, rfi'al-ti, n. royalty.
Rebec, Rebeck, re"bek, n. a kind of fiddle. [Fr.
rebec, rtbegue, It. rebeba, Ar. rubabah.\
Recline, re-klla', adj. reclining.
Recorder, rc-kord'er, n. a kind of flute.
Recnre, re-kOV, v.t., to cure again; to hcaL
Religions, re-ltj'uns, n.pl. religious rites.
Repeat, re-pet', n. repetition.
Respiration, res-pi-ri shun, #*. refreshing ; resurrec
tion.
Retire, re-tTr', n. retirement.
Revolve, re-volv/, v. t. to roll and unroll.
Rheums, roOinz, . rheumatism.
Robustious, ro-bust'i-us, adj. robust.
Ruin, ruO'in, v.i. to fall down with ruin and preci
pitation.v.t. to tumble down.
Ruinous, rGO'in-us, adj. crashing, like the fall of a
house.
Ruth, rOOth, n. pity ; grief for the distress of
another. See Sue.
Sadly, sadli, adv. seriously, soberly, truly.
Sail-broad, sal'brawd, adj., bread or spreading like
a sail.
Baw, saw, n., a saying; a maxim, [from root of
Bay]
Scape, skSp, . escape, escapade-
Scath, skatli, ., damage, injury, hurt. [A.S.
sceatha, Ger. schade. Ice. skadt.]
Scath, skath, Scathe, skath, v.t, to damage, hurt,
injure '.pr.p. scath'ing.scath'ing iPa.p. scathed',
scathed'. [A.S. scathiatt, Ger. schaden, Goth.
skathjan, to damage.]
Sciential, sl-en'shal, adj. producing science, [low
L. scisr.ttalis Y,. scientia. Sec Science.]
Scrannel, skran'L, adj. producing a weak, screeching
noise, [from the sound.]
Scull, skill, . a form of Shoal, a multitude.
Sdaln, Sdeign, Bdeln, sdan, v.t. to disdain, [contr.
of Disdain, It. sdegnar, j
Sensible, sens'i-bl, is. sense, sensation.
Bent, sent, n. a form of Scent.
Sentery, sen'ter-i, n. a form of Sentry.
Septentrlon, scp-ten'tri-on, Septentrional, sep-ten'tri-
on-al, adj., of or pertaining to the north. [L,
septentno, the northseptem, seven, and trio,
a plough-ox ; from Charles's Wain, the seven
stars near the North Pole.] [bury.
Sepulchre, se-pulTter, v.t., to put in a sepulchre, to
Serenate, scr-e-nat', n. a form of Serenade.
Bervily, serv'il-i, adv. a form of Servilely.
Servitude, serVi-tud, 8errlture, scrv'i-iur, . ser
vants.
Sewer, sfl'er, n. an officer who set on and removed
the dishes at a feast, [old Fr. asseourasseoir,
to set down. See Asses*.]
Sextlle, seks'til, n. in astrol. the aspect or position
of two planets when distant from each other
sixty degrees. [L. sextus, sixthsex, six.]
Shade, shad, n. shadow, companion.
Snaked, shakt', pa.f. of Shake.
Sheeny, shen'i, adj., shining, bright
Bhined, shind', pa.t. of Shine.
Blderal, sid'er-al, adj. a form of Sidereal.
fate, far , inC, her ; mTne ;
Torment
Slope, slop, adj., sloped.
Sluice, slCJOs, v.t. to convey by sluices: to wet
copiously '.pr.p. sluicing ; pa.p. sluiced'.
Smlt, smit, p.-t.t. and pa.p. of Smite,
Smote, smut, pa.p. of Smite.
Solution, sol-u'shun, n. termination, decision.
Bophl, sO'ii, n. a title of the king of Persia. [Pers.
sujt, wise, pious.]
Sord, sflrd, . a form of Sward.
Sovran, so/ran, n. a form of Sovereign.
Specular, spck'Q-lar, adj. affording a view.
Speculation, spek-u-li'shun, ., a "watching oh a
high place.
Spell, spel, v.i. to read or learn to read, [from
Spell, to tell the letters of.]
Epet, spct, a form of Spit, v.U
Sphere metal, sfer'-mct-al, ., metal like that of
which the celestial spheres were anciently sup
posed to be made.
Sphery, sfeVi, adj. belonging to the spheres, or the
revolving, transparent, spherical shells, in which
the sun, moon, and stars were, in ancient times,
supposed to be set.
Spirltoui, spir'it-us, adj., like spirit; refined: pure.
Spring, spring, n., that which springs from a
source ; a race of men : a shoot ; a grove of
shrubs.
State, stat, n. canopy, covering://, governors,
chiefs.
Stay, sta, v.t. to wait for.
Storied, sto'rid, adj. representing personages and
events of the Bible.
Strait, strat, adj. close, intimate.
Strength, strength, n. a stronghold.
Btrook, strook, pa.t. and pa.p. of Strike.
Btrucken, strukn, fa.t. and pa.p. of Strike.
Buage, Swage, swaj, v.t. or t. a form of Assuage.
Subscribe, sub-skrlb', v.i. to consent ; to assent.
Bum, sum, v.t. to complete the full growth of, as
feathers :pr.p. summ'ing ; Pap. summed'.
Suspect, sus-pekt', Pa.p. suspected.. suspicion.
Suspense, sus-pens , adj., suspended, in suspense.
[L. suspensus. pa.p. of suspendo. See Suspend. |
Sustain, sus-tan , . that which sustains, a support
Bwart, swawrt, adj. a form of Swarthy.
Swindge, Swinge, twin'), v.t., to swing, lash or wave
to and fro. [a form of Swing.]
Swlnked, swinkd', adj. wearied with labour,
fatigued. [AS. swincan, to Labour ; allied to
swingan, to swing, a swinging movement being
taken as the type of violent exertion.]
Synod, sin'od, n. in astron. conjunction.
Syrtis, ser'tis, . a quicksand. [L. and Gr.Cr.
syred, to draw along.]
Tempest, tem-pest', v.t. to agitate, as by a tempest.
Tendance, tena'ans, n., attendance.
Terrene, ter-cn', . the earth.
Terrour, ter'or, . a form of Terror.
Thrones, thrOnz, n. pi. angelic beings.
Thunderous, thun'der-us, adj., producing thunder;
sounding like thunder.
Thwart, thwawrt, adv., thwartly.
Tiar, tl'ar, n. a form of Tiara.
Tilth, tilth, ., state of being tilled: that which is
tilled. [A.S. tilian. See Till.]
Tunelessly, tlmles-li, adv., untimely, before due
time or season.
Tlnd, tind. Tine, tTn, v.t., to kindle. [A.S. tendon*
tynan, Ice. tendra.]
Tire, tTr, n. a row or rank, [a form of Tier.]
Torment, tor-ment', v.t. to agitate violently.
mOtc ; mute ; mOUn ; Men.
171
 Tomeament Ypointing
Torneament, tor-n5'a-mcnt, n a form of Tourna Unvalued, un-val'Od, adj. invaluable.
ment. Unweetlng, un-wgr/ing, adj., not weeting or know
Torrent, tor'ent, adj. boiling, rushing. ing ; ignorant. [A.S. un, not, and wceting; see
Torture, tor'tur, n. an instrument oftorture. Wit.]
To-ruffled, too-rufld, adj. ruffled. [A.S. prefix to, Unweetingly, un-w5t'ing-li, adv. ignorantly.
= L. dis, Ger. scr, and Ruffled.] Urge, urj, v.t. to torment
Trading, trad'ing, adj. frequented by traders ; where Use, us, v.i. to frequent.
the trade-winds blow.
Train, tran, ., that which draws along; allure Vacuous, vak'u-tts, adj., empty. [L. vac***
ment; wile. vaco. See Vacate.]
Transact, trans-akt', v.i. to come to an issue, to Vain, van, adj. useless.
treat. Van. van, . a wing. See Van = Fan.
Transpicuous, tran-spik'O-us, adj., that can be seen Vant-brace, or -brass, vant'-bras, n. armour for the
through, transparent. [L. transpiciotrans, arms. [Fr. avant, before, bras, the arm.]
through, specio, to look.] Verdurous, verd'ur-us, adj., covered with verdure.
Trick, tnk, v.t., orig., to braid or plait tlie hair; Vermeil-tinctured, ver'mil-tingk-tOrd, adj., ver
to dress ; to decorate ; to adorn fantastically, milion-tinted ; tinged of a bright-red colour.
fobs, trick, a braid or plait of hair ; It. treccia, Vernant, vcKnant, adj. flourishing as in spring:
low L. trica, Gr. triks, trickos, a braid of hair.] vernal. [L. vemans, -antis, pr.p. of veme, to
Trtnal, trl'nal, adj., three/old. [L. trinustrts, flourishver, spring.]
three.] Vigilance, vij'i-lans, n, guard, watch.
Trine, trin, adj., threefold. n. a triad : in astrol. VUlatlc, vil-at'ik, adj., belonging to a farm, (I*
the aspect of the planets when distant from each villaticusvilla, a farm.]
other a third of the Zodiac, or 120". [Fr.L. Virtue-proof, vert'Q-proof, adj., proofagainst temp
trinus, ] tation by means ofvirtue.
Tumult, tu'mult, v.i. to cause or make a tumult or Virtuous, vert'u-us, adj., endued with virtue or
uproar. power.
Turtle, turTtis, Turkoli, -koiz* or -key, forms ofTur Volubil, vol'fl-bit, adj. a form of Voluble.
quoise. Voyagable, voy'iij-abl, adj., capable of beingsailed
Turm, term, . a troop (of soldiers). [It. and L. over; navigable.
turtna.] Wander, won'der, v.t. to travel over, without a
Turney, tcVni, n. a form ofTourney.
Tyranny, tir'an-i, n. the government or authority certain course ; to cause to wander.
of one holding unrestricted sway,in an odious Wannish, won'ish, adj., somewhat wan.
sense, when acquired over a state formerly Warp, wawrp, v.i. to turn and wave, like a flock of
free. birds or insects :pr.p. warping.
Wasteful, wast'fool, adj., lying-waste, desolate.
Unapp&rent, un-ap-pai/ent, adj., not apparent; Weanling, wen'ling, adj. newly weaned.
dark ; invisible. Wbereso, hwSr'so, adv. in whatever place.
Unbleached, un'blensht, adj. not startled or con Whilere, hwll'ar, adv., a little while before ;
founded. [A.S. w, not, and blench, to be recently.
afraid, to start backFr. blanchir, to turn pale Whilom, Wbilome, hwTl'om, adv. formerly, of old.
for fear. See Blanch.] [A.S. kwilum, the old dative pL of Aw/'/.]
Unconscionable, un-kon'shun-abl, adj., not conscion- Whist, hwisthushed of old verb Whist,
able or conformed to cpnscience or reason ; inor Hist.
dinate : enormous. Wide, wTd, adv. to its farthest extent.
Undlscordlng, un-dis-kordlng, adj., not discording Wing, wing, v.t. to fly over.
or making discord. Wise, wlz, n. wisdom.
Unessential, un-es-sen'shal, adj., not essential or Won, wun, V.i. to dwell. [See Wont.]
substantial ; not necessary. Wonderous, wun'dcr-us, adj. a form of Wondroua.
Unfounded, un-found'ed, adj., without bottom, Worse, WttTB, v.t. to worst.
bottomless. [A.S. un, not, and Found, to lay the Wove, WOV, Woven, wov'n, pa.p. of Weave.
bottom of.] Wrack, rak, n. and v. a form of Wreck.
Unhappy, un-hap'pi, adj. unlucky. Wreck, rck, v.t. a form of Wreak.
Unkindly, un-klnd'li, adv., not according to kind Writ, rit, /<*./. of Write.
or nature.
Unnumbered, un-num'berd, adj., not to be num Tchsined, i-chiind', Pa.p. chained. [Y from A.S.
bered, innumerable. a participial prefix.]
Unoriginal, un-or-ij'in-al, adj., not original; with Tcleped, i-klpd', Yclept, i-klepr*, Tclopd. i-ldopcT,
out origin, birth, or source. Pa.p. called, named, [from ge, A.S. prefix, and
Unprevented, un-prS-vent'ed, adj., net Preceded by cUpan, cleopian, to call.]
anything. Yean, yCn, v.t. or 1. to brinjj forth young, as a
Unreproved, un-re-prGovd', adj., not liable to re sheep or goat:pr.p. yeaning: Pa.p. yeaned'.
proof; innocent. [A.S. eantan, Gael, uan, a lamb.]
Unaphere, un-sfeV, v.t. to bring out of a sphere. TeanUng, yen'ling, n. a lamb ; a kid.
Unsuspect, un-sus-pekt', adj. not liable to be sus Tpolnting, i-point'ing, adj. pointing. [1", frota
pected. A.S. ge, a participial prefix.]
fute, far; me", h6r; mine; mote; mQte; moon; Men.
574
 PREFIXES AND AFFIXES.

PREFIXES.
A (A.S.), on. See under In, in. syn (Gr.), together, with, asxyntax, rystem, syllable,
Ab, a, aba (L.), off, from, away, as absolve, avert, symbol.
abstract. [L. ab, a, abs, old form of; conn, with De, Dl*. See under DLs.
Gr. apo, Sans, a/, Ger. ab, E. o/foff.] Dli (L.), in two} asunder, as oVrpart, differ, di
apo (Gr.), offffrotn, away, as a/ustle, a/helion. sperse ; negative, as rfurelish ; privative, as dis
oil (A.S.), off, from, away, as <y?shoot, *^set. [a lodge, [dis for dvis, ablative of L. duo, Gr. duo,
form of of. Sec Of in Diet.] Sans, dvi, Goth, and E. two. See Two in Diet.}
A, an (Gr.), not. See under N. Ma [L.), twice, as biscuit, biennial, [corr. of dvis,
Ad \L.), at, to, as aotiere, ascend, arcede, affix, daablative of duo, two.]
(L.), down from, away, as oVscend, oVpart;
aggregate, a/lot, annex, a/prove, arrive, assign,
artract. [L. ad, old form at; perh. contr. from negative, as oWpair; implies underhand, as de-
ceive ; concerning, asoVscribe, lit. to writeflown i
a/ud, near to ; akin to Gr. Epl, Sans, apt, on, privative, as decompose, [conn, with duo, two, as
adhi, at, L. ob, in the way of, E. to and at.]
to (A.S.), to, at, as together, towards. [A.S. to; dl*one(Gr.), of two things may be down from the other.]
two, through, as analogue, a conversa
conn, with at. See To in Diet.] tion between two, diameter. [Gr. dia, from
Ambi, Amb (L.), both, round, about, as ambidexter, duo, two,
ambition, amputate. [ L. ambi, from ambo, both, dis (Gr. ), two,and so, dividing into two, through.]
twice, as oYrsyllable, oVcotyledonous.
Gr. amphi, Sans, ambhi, on both sides.]
ampbi (Gr.), bo/A, round, about, as amphibious, dya[from dvis, ablative of duo, two.]
(Gr.), ill, difficult, as o>xentery. [Gr. dys,
amphitheatre. from avisduo; hence, in two, and so = ill.}
An (A.S.), against. Sec under Ante, En, Enter (Gr.). See under In, in.
An (Gr.), not. See under N. Epl (Gr.), on, as epitaph ; during, as r/hemeral.
Ana (Gr.), away from, up, as analyse, anatomy. ad, [Gr. epi, Sans, api, on ; perh. from particle a,
[acc. to Donaldson, a doubling of the negative conn,to, with and bi place, as in L. ibi, in that place ;
An, hence = separation in any direction; Sans. Eao (Gr.]. SecObunder and Ad, perh. with Ba.]
ana, away : perh. conn, with In, On.] In, in.
Ante (L.), before, as antecedent, anticipate, anccs* Ex {h.),from, out of, as *.rpcl, eject, efflux.
tor. [L. ante, old form anti: conn, with Gr. ex[prob. (Gr.), from, out of from, as exodus, ecstasy,
conn, with Sans, vahis, beyond, ava, on,
anti, opposite, as being before ; Sans, anti, facing ; from, and thus with L. Ab.]
A.S. an.J
anti (Gr.), opposite to, against, as antipathy, anti extra (L), without,
exo (Gr.), aa *-r<?tic. [from ex.]
on the outside, beyond, as <\r/>amural,
podes, an/agonist. rx/raordinary. [contr. of extera ablative femi
an (A.S.), against, in return, as answer. [A.S. nine of externs, beyondEx. See contra.]
and, Ger. ant, Goth, and.]
Apo (Gr.). See under Ab. Ea (Gr.), well, as<r*phony, eulogy. [Gr. en; Sans.
su, beautiful.]
Be (A.S.), by, before, beside, as bystander, bespeaV ; For (A.S.),from, away, against, as forswear, for
intensive, as ^sprinkle; privative, as behead. bid. [Ger. ver; Goth.fuir; conn, with K.from,
[a form of By. See Diet.J L. per,forts, out of doors. To be distinguished
Bis (L.). See under Dl*. from the prep,for and prefix Fore.]
Cat* (Gr.), denvn, downwards, according to, as Fore
cataract, catechism. [Gr. kata, acc. to Donald Gain (A.S.). Sec under Para.
son, from ha = se, that, and termination ta = Gr. See(A.S.), Against
against, as gainsay. [A.S. gaen.
in Diet.]
to, the, that. ]
Clrcorn, circa (L.), circularly, round, as circum Hypo (Gr.), under, as hypotenuse, flit, in a place
scribe, circuit, [accusative of circus, a circle. front under,Sans.
below, as in L. ran, Goth, uf; then
up, above, as in Gr. hyper, L.
Sec Circle, in Diet.] Super, E. Up, Over.]
CU (L.), on this side, as cualpine. [from L. is or rob (L.), under, from under, after, as rject,
hie, this, with ce, Gr. ge = that, prefixed.] /aspect, jwecced, suffuse, suggest, summon,
Con (L.), togetkerl with{ as connect, cohere, collect, support, rwrprisc, jwjpend. [Gr. hypo, strength
correct', often intensive, as commotion, [from ened by s prefixed.]
L. cum, together, old form com ; Gr. syn, Sans. rabter (L.), under, as subterfuge, [from nib, and
sam, with : orig. = one ; conn, with sim, sin, a affix ler, meaning motion. Sec Trans, ]
form of Gr. hen, one, as in L. semel, once, hyper (Gr.), over, above, beyond, as hyperborean,
simul, together, E. simple, Gr. hama, together.) hypercritical, [r may be comp. term. See affix
contra (L.), against, as contradict, controvert. ther.]
[from con, and tra, implying motion, as in trans, roper (L.), over, above, beyond, as w/rrstructure,
from Sans, tri, to cross ; formed like extra, intra, j//matural, jwrmount. [Gr. hyper, strength
supra, &c. which are ablatives of adjectives.] ened by x prefixed.)
counter (L.), against, as counteract, [from Fr. copra [L.J, over, above, as supramlindane, [contr.
centreL. contra.] of ablative fern, of superus, above, from roper ]
575
 Prefixes and Affixes.
nr (Fr.), French form of mper, as nrnnount. round, as in Gr. peri. Sans. Pari; before, as in L.
up (A.S.J, up, as /*hill. [see Tip in Diet.] pre, Sans. pra, Gr. pro, L. pro; to, as Gr. pro*.]
over (A.S.I, over, above, as wArch, overseer, [a per (L.); through, as permit, pellucid, pollute',
form of Tipper.] Sec Over in Diet. thoroughly, as perfect.
In (L.), not. Sec under N. peri (Gr.), round, as perimeter, periphrasis.
In (A.S.), in, on, as inwrap, inward ; to make, as pre (L.j, before, as predict, prefer.
tmbtttef, lit. to put into the state of bitterness. preter, before, beyond, as preterit. Preternatural,
[Sec In in Diet. The root takes the forms below.] propretermit,
(Gr.),
[from pre, and ter, as in inter.]
before, as/rologuc, /Programme,
In (L.), in, into, as infuse, i/Iumine, impel, irrigate. pro (L.), before,forth, as project ; instead of, from
en (A.S.), in, into, as enlist; to make, as enlarge, the idea of being before, aspronoun.
lit. to put into the state of largeness. pol, por, poor, pur (Fr.), other forms of L. pro, a5
en (Gr.), in, on, as energy, endemic, emphasis. pollute, portend, pourtray, purvey.
a, an (A.S.), in, on, at, as abed, anon; intensive, proe (Gr.i, to, as proselyte, prosody, [orig. form
as aloud. [A.S. an, on, in.] proti, Sans, pratt, Slav, proti, to, near.]
on (A.S.), on, as onset, enlooker. fore (A.S.), before, as foretell. [A.S. fort, Ger.
eao (Gr.), in, into, as esoteric, [from Gr. eis, into, vor, old Ger.fora, Goth.Jaura.]
orig. form ens, a strengthened form of en.]
inter (L.), in the midst of, between, as interval, Pene (L.), almost, as peninsula.
intellect. [Sans, ontar, in ; from in, and ter = Per, Peri. See under Para.
motion, from Sans, tri, to cross, as in Trans.]
Intra (L.), in the inside oj, within, as intramural. Pol, por, poor. See under Para.
[contr. of intern, ablative feminine of interns, Port[L.(L.), backwards, behind, after, as Postpone.
post, contr. ofpone est; L.pone, behind, and
withinInter. Sec contra.]
Intro (L.J, into, within, as introduce, [contr. of Pre, Preter,akin
est, is ; to Gr. poti for proe, near to.]
Pro, Pros (Gr.). See under Para.
intero, ablative masculine of intentsinter.]
outer (Fr.); between, among, as entertain, [from Par. See under Para.
Fr. entreL. Inter.] Ee (L.), back, again, as retract, rsound, redeem
Juxta (L.), lit. joined to, near, as /ttrfaposition. {<i euphonic), [pcrh. conn, with para, from being
[from L. jungo,j'ugo, to join, and sto, to stand.] near; Sans, para", back, param, beyond.]
fiteta (Gr.), lit. in themidd/e, with ; after, as being retro (L.), back, backwards, as retrospect, retro
with, as metaphysics ; often implies change, from grade, [from re, and tro, ablative mas. form of
the idea ofone form being after another, as mcta~ ter. See Trans.]
morphose, metonymy, [conn, with Gr. mesas, Be (L.), lit. by itself, without, aside, as separate,
in the middle; Sans, mithu, one ; Goth, milk, Jcrcurc, induce, prelude, [pcrh. the ablative of
Ger. mit, with ; E. Middle, and prep. With.] the 3d per. pron. se, itself.]
BCie (A.S.), lit. amiss, ill, wrong, as misbehave, sine (L.), without, assinecure. [fromse, and ne.not.)
mudeed, mislead, [conn, with Kiss, v.t] Sub, Bubter, Super, Supra, 8or. See under Hypo.
H (A.S.), no, not, as never. [N, the negative Byn (Gr.). See under Con.
particle, appears in various forms, as L. in, ne, To (A.S.), at. Sec under Ad.
non ; Gr. an; A.S., Ger., Goth, un ; Ice. .]
an, a (Gr.), not, without, as anarchy, atom, am ToThe, (A.S.), this, as to-day, /f-morrow, [corr. of
That, or This, which see in Diet.]
brosia. Trans (L.), beyond, across, as transport, traverse.
In (L.), not, as infirm, ignoble, (/legal, immature, [participial form of ter, implying motion, from
irregular,
ne (L.)( not, as wrfarious, nrutcr. Sans, tarn, a crossing, tri, to cross: the same
ne (Gr.), not, as nrpenthe. root occurs in contra, extra, Inter, intra, intro,
nee (L.), not, as neglect, negative, [contr. of ultra preter, retro, lubter, ultra,]
neque, from ne, not, and que, and.] (L.), beyond, as ultramarine, [from pron.
non (L.J, not, as nonsense, nonage, [a doubling of ill*, that, and ter, as in trans ; is ablative fern,
of adj. ulterus, beyond.]
ne; or from ne, unum, not one.]
un (A.S.), not, as unhappy : from the idea of not, U (Gr.). See under Ve.
it has the force of, want of, as unbeliefrevers Un (A.S.), not. See under N.
ing the action, as untieinten. as wnloose.
Ob (L.), in t/ic way of, against, as obstruct, omit, Under (A.S.), under, below, as underprop, under
occur, offer, oppose, (dentation, [akin to Sans. Upsell, [see Under in Diet.]
(A.S.), up. See under Hypo.
itpa, near; conn, with Gr. epl, L. ad.] Ve (L.), no, not, as rrhemcnt. [L. z<e, Gr. on,
Off (A.S.). See under Ab. not ; conn, with Sans, ava, away, ab, apo.j
On (A.S.). See under In, in.
Oat (A.S.), out, beyond, as twrlaw, outbid. [A.S. With {A.S.J,not,against,
u (Gr.), no, as i/topia. [Gr. ou, no.]
back, as wi'Mstand, with*
ut; Ger. aus; Goth, ut: pcrh. conn, with Ex.] draw; with, near, as within (this meaning is
Over (A.S.). See under Hypo.
Para (Gr.), beside, as paragraph, parallel, [from vea, against, near; [A,
very rare as prefix). S. with. Ice. uid, Dan.
A.S. wither, Ice. vidr,
particle /a = place. The root = place near, Ger. wider, against. The
and takes the meanings of through, as in L. per ; hence = against, and mar,rootas idea is looking at.
in the prep. With.]
576
 Prefixes and Affixes.
AFFIXES.
L. and Gr., &c.Jt that which, in nouns sing., as
re, comma, sofa : //. term, of nouns in urn, as
i nata. [L. a, Gr. -]
*, aAte, ^/ te be, as portable. [ble has the forms
kbit, ible, and contr. lie, as in docile. Conn,
with A.S. and Goth, abal, Sans, bala, strength,
L. term, bills, able, and adj. habilis, fit for.]
~c (Gr.), pertaining to, as elegiac. [Gr. aAos ;
conn, with ic, lib, esque ; aceoua, acious j
aceous (L.)> having the qualities of, as herbaceous.
[from ae and out. L. acewj.)
aeioni {L.),fullof, as audac-Kwj-. [from ae and ooi.
L. <jjr, oczr.]
acy (L.), oc* ofdoing or thing done, as conspiracy;
state, as celibacy. [See ce.J
ad (Gr.), /Aa/ wAtcA, as Ilioo*. [Gr. oo*os.]
. ads (Fr.), one who, as comrooV; Ma* which, as
brocooV. [from L. atus.) Sec at*,
ado (It, Sec), that which, asbravooV. [form ofade.]
ago (Fr.), act of doings or thing done\ as passage;
state, as parentage. [Fr. age, from L. ago;
conn. witha^w, to do.]
ago {I,.),feminine term., as virago. [L. o/p.]
J (L.), belonging to, as brida/; Ma/ which, as
anima/, really an adjective. [L. a/is. The same
idea is expressed by other liquids, an, ant, can,
ant, aneoue, &r, ary, en, ene, ent, era, lne, lag.]
an, ane (L.), belonging to, as human, humane;
the doer, as comedian. [L. anus, ants.} See aL
ana (L.)t things belonging to, such as sayings,
anecdotes, &c. as Johnsoniana. [L. neuter pi.
o adjs. in anus.] Sec an, aL
ance, ancy (L.)t state, as abundance, constancy.
[nouns from adjs. in ant.]
aneous (L.), belonging to, as extraneous, [from an
and ou ; L. aneus.) See aL
aatL.(L.),
ans,belonging to, as of
antis, term, elegant.
pr.p. ; [Fr. ant, from
so ent, from
I ens, entis ; A.S. and, end, pr.p. term: Sans.
Ana, mdna, belonging to : from these adjs. come
nouns in ance, once : pcrh. conn, with ens, entis,
being, pr.p. oSsum, to be.]
ar (L.), belonging to, as angular. [L. aris, Sans.
ara.) See aL
ax (A.S.), one who, as liar. [r is the general
term, signifying the agent, and appears in the
forms, ar, ard, art, er, eer, ler, or, our, ter, iter.]
ard (A.S.), one who, as drunkard, [strong form
of ar, one who; A.S. ard, office.]
art (A SO, oru who, as braggart, [a form of ard,
A.S., Ger., Sw., Goth, art.) Sec ar, one who.
ary (L.), belonging to, as tributary; one who, but
really adj. used as noun, as missionary. [L.
arius, belonging to.] See aL
| ary (L.), place where, as library. [L. arimn,
neuter of adjs. in arius (see above} ; so ory, and
I Fr. erla ; akin to A.S. ry.]
aan (Gr.), that which, state, as phantajw. [nn takes
the forms, in, una : asm, &c = that which is
done ; lit = he who does ; 1m = to do.]
3K
aster (L.), one who, dim. and frequentative, as
poetaster. [Fr, astre, It. astro, often implies
contempt: perh. conn, with iter.]
ate (L.), to make, as navigate; made, as desolate;
one who is (passive), as delegate ; office, as elec
torate; denoting metals, as sulphate, [from L.
pa.p. pass, come ate, lte, ute. Being verbal it
always implies making. Sans, ta or ita.]
ble, able. See able.
ce (L.), being, or stale ofbeing, as grace, [the L.
term, tia, cia, sia, and Gr. sis, take the forms
ce, cy, sy, ty, lty, acy.] Sec lis.
ce (A.S.), at, on, as once, [ce = es of genitive]
celli, cello (It), little, dim., as vermicelli, violon-
cello. [It., from L. cuius.) Sec cle.
cy (L.), being, or state ofbeing, as clemency. [L.
tia, cia.) Sec ce.
ch (AS.), little, dim., as blotcA. See ock.
cle, culo (L.), little, dim., as partic/e, animate*///.
[L. cuius : conn, both with ock and el ; becomes
celll, cello.]
d (AS.), order, as thiro*. See th, order.
dom (A.S., &c), dominion, /aver, as kingdom;
state, as freedom ; act, as martyrdom. [the root
dom is found in Doom, L. damns, dom'mus, Gcr.
thum, Sans, dama, and dominion, rule.]
e (Gr.), that which, as epitome. [Gr. e; L. a.]
ean (Gr.), belonging to, as European, cerulean.
[a form of an : Gr. aios, eios, L. <rus, cus.)
ed (A.S.), Pa.p. term., as loveo*, ben/. [A.S. ed,
d, t ; conn, with L. perf. p. itus, Gr. iteos.] See t.
ee (Fr.), one who is (passive), as trustee/ that which
is, as jubilee. [Fr. /.]
eer {Fr.), one who, has frequentative meaning, as
charioteer. [Fr. icrL. or.) See ar.
el (A.S.), that which, ittstrument, as shove/. [A.S.
el, le, els, Gcr. el, E. el, le.]
el (A.S.), Utile, dim., as satche/, nai/. [A.S. el, le,
ol, I; 1 = dim. particle, as in el, ale, erel, le, let,
ling, cle, cule ; Gr. ullion.)
el (Fr.), little, as damse/. [contr. of Fr. elle.) See
el (AS.), little.
en (A.S.), made of, as wooden; belonging to, as
heathen. [A.S.; Goth, en, an, Gcr. en, cm. Sans.
um ; is a genitive term, as in mie; conn, with
an, lne.]
en (A.S.), to make, as whiten. [A.S. tan, an, igan,
ahan; Gr. ainJ, und.)
en (A.S.), /a. part. a*, woven, borne, sworn. [AS.
e, en ; conn, with ant, ent.}
en (A.S.), little, dim., as maiden, chicken, kitten.
[A.S. en, Ger. cAen.]
cn (A.S.),//. term., as oxen, kine. [A.S., Gcr. en,
an: conn, with Heb. im.)
en (A.S.)} feminine term., as vixen. [A.S. en, n
= feminine particle, and takes forms en, lna,
no; L. and Gr. ina, Ger. inn.]
ence, ency (L.), action, state, as penitence, leniency.
[L. entia, from ens, entis, pr.p. term.] See ant.
577
 Prefixes and Affixes.
ene (L.), lelcnging to, as tcTT*w. [L. enus. ] Sec an. hood (A.S.), state, as manhood; place, as neigh
end (A.S.J^^a'Afj, asfruW. [A.S. (Wfa/, Gcr. bourkood; those in the same state, as priesthood.
conn, with ant, ent, lng participle.] See head.
ect (L,), belonging to, as diflcrrnA [L. ens, entis, conn,1 L.\ /.'. term, of nouns in us, as literati [I. i.
A.S. end, pr.p. term., as wnwvi,] Sec mt. with Gr. at, oi; A.S. o, .]
one, same as oq#, as lignAwr. [L. .-.-.'.] 1 {It), pi. as banditti, [from L. L]
eons, corruption of wise, in righteous and courteous. Ible, a/'/r /i7 be, as possi5<V. See able.
er (A.S.), one to/to, agent, as writrr. [A.S. rrr, Gcr. lo science,
(L. and Gr.), belonging to, as cubic ; denoting a
sr.] See ix. but really an adj., as logic. [L. tens, Gr.
r (A.S.), more, used in comp. of adjs., as greater, ikos. Sans. i>fca.] See ac.
mow. [A.S. re, or, L. inr, Gr. Sans. leal (L. ), belonging to, as cubtttt/. [from 1c and aX]
/am ; conn, with E. ere, before, hence = a higher lea , T, and Gr.), lit. things that belongto a science.
degree.] as mathemat/cr. [in imitation of Gr. via, neater
r (Fr.), infinitive term., as cover, encounter. pL of adjs. in ikos.} See le.
[Fr. re, ir, from L. pr. infinitive are, ere, ire.] Id (L.), belonging to, as fervid. [L. idtts.}
er (A.S.), often, frequentative, as glimmrr. [conn, lde (Gr.), used for metals, as oxide*
with tr, more, hencefrequently.] le (A.S.), little, dim., as lassi>. [a form of ock.]
trtl " A.S. \ little, dim., as madccrel. [from er and ler (Fr.), one who, as cavalier. [Fr. ier, from L.
el, diminutives.]
era (A.S.), direction to or from, as southrrw. IBor; changed into eer.] See ar.
(Fr.), one tvlto, as plaint^ [a form of ive.]
[A.S. em; conn, with L. urnal.)
era (L.), belonging to, as modern. [L. emus, an lie (L.), belonging to, as Gent/Zr. [L. His.] See ea. !
other form is urn as in urnal. J
try (A.S.), place where, as brevrery. [y, place, Heto(L.), as duct/Zf. [L. ills, contr. of ibilis:\
be distinguished from lie, belonging to*] See
added to nouns in er.] See y, mry. able.
ert* (Fr.), place where, as menagerie. [Fr. from 1m (Heb.), //. term., as chcrub/wr. [Heb,
L. arium,} See ary. Compare A.S. en, pi.]
erly (A.S.), direction to or from, as southerly. in* (It., &c.),fem. term., as czarina. See m\,fem.
[from era, and ly.]
tore (A-S.),//. term., as fox, hatr. [A.S. as: lneSee(L.), an.
belonging to, as genuiW*. [L. emu.]
s is a general pi. term., as L. and Gr. es.]
es (A.S.), from, arising from, as needf. [es, gen me fL.),), belonging to, as Mine ; that which, as ma-
itive term.] chiw. [L. inus, Gr. inos.] See aL
eseent (L.), growing, becoming, as convalescent. lne (L.),_^w. term., as heroi/. See en,y>. .(
(L. c.fif, , asco, Gr. <wr<5, term, implying lng (A.S.), term, off>r.p., as \oving, [corr. of AS.
becoming, beginning.]
m (L.), belonging to, as Veronw. [L. as, atis.] lngam/; conn, with L. arts, antis. J See ant, I
eaquo (Fr.), belonging to, as picttnMiyW. [Fr. esque. (A.S.), infinitive term., or vei*Jal noun, asread-
It. #wL. iscus: conn, with lsh.] See ac. [corr. of A.S. an, inf. term. ; conn, withv
Gr. ein, inf. : some are from A.S. and Ger. tatg,
esa (Fr.),feminine term., as lioncu. [L. ilr, tct*, term, of verbal noun ; conn, with L. Ion.]
Gr. /.i.'.v, ir, fern, terminations.] lng (A.S.), little, as farthwr^. [A.S. tug, sen of, .
t* (A.S.), superl. term., as smalls/. [A.S. /, hence little, from the idea of infant : conn, with *
in adjs., est in advs. ; h. issimus ; Gr. sr/or, en, little.]
j-.'l-j, tatos ; Sans, ishta.]
rt (A.S.), term, ad sing, in verbsj as bringfj/. Iontouts (L.), being, slate ofbeing, as create*. [L. iott
; conn, with lng, inf. Added to the roof*
[A.S. ast,est; h. es, isti; Gr. , tthon. or whether ending in t, s, jc, ss, c, ch, or sh.]
t = ad per. pron., Gr. xoi*, L. tu, . thou.] lor (L.), more, term, of comp. deg., as superior.
et (Gr.), Tt'/:iJ, as prophc/, pw/. See ete. [L. tor.] See er, more.
t (A.S.), fttffr. dim., as flower**. TA.S. #/, et: lone (Fr.), belonging to, as antique. [L. iquus ;
conn, with <v, /- .* ; It. etta, Fr. cttt. J See ock. conn, with 1c, L. /rMj.j See as.
ete {Gr.), one who, as athlete. [Gr. r/rr; conn. le (Gr.), to make, as equal.>/. [Gr. u^.} See
with Gr. to = the, that, he, 3d per. pron., and lah (A.S.), belonging to, as foolifA. [A.S. mc, Ger.
hence one who does.] See lte.
eth (A.S.), term, yd sing, in verbs, as \oreth. [A.S. lah;'(//,(A.S.),
iVivi, L. iscus.] See ae,
alh ; L. it, at, et ; Gr ti, si, fai, to; t = 3d per. [a form oflittle, ock.]
somewhat, dim., as brownu*.
pron., Gr. to, touto, E. the, that, he.]
tte (Fr.), little, dim., as coquette. See et, ock. lshfrom (L.), to make, as estab1A. Tcorr. of toe: of
Fr. PT-P- term, issant ; used most in words
ever (A.S.), every, any, as whoever, every one who. from the Fr.J
See Ever in Diet,
fol (A.S.),full of as delight/w/. See Full in Diet, lakwith (Gr.), little, dim., as asterisk. [Gr.
lsh, little.] See ock.
fy (L.), to make, as purj^. [Fr. fier, L. facio, 1 (Gr.), <wr, being, or j/aat ^being, as h
fio, to make.] See Faoe in Diet. patrtot/'xm ; opinions of a number, as
hand (A.S.), state. Mature, as Godhead, [from A.S. Gallicitm. [Gr. ismos.] Sec earn.
had, Ger. heit, state ; changed into hood : to be 1st (Gr.), one who, as chenurf; one of a sect, at
distinguished from head of the body.] Calvinsx*. [Gr. istis, conn, with lte.] Sec ua
578
 Prefixes and Affixes.
tte (L. and Gr.), belonging to, as favourite ; one ois (Fr.), that which, as chamois.
who, as hypocrite; one wlu> belongs to (patro oat (AS.), Alau1 which, as bottom. [AS. m.]
nymic), as Israelite; that which, as appetite. [L. om (A.S.), old dative term., now used as objective,
stus, from perfect participle passive of verbs; as whom/ in advs. of time, as seldom. [A.S. m.]
Gr. itis, itosyuiis (patronymic), ites ; conn, with
lie, 1st, ete, et, or u/Ao.J See ate, ete. on (It), large, as milliow. [It and Fr. on^ from
ity (L.), */ate or ort*f, as abil/Vy. [L. iVor, ttotis; as L. o, onis, as nasi, one with a big nose, Gr. Sn,
another form is ty.j Sec ce. gastrin, bjg belly : changed into one, oon.]
Its (L.), belonging to, as natizv; able, as Active; one (It), large, as trombone. See on.
one who, but really an adj., as fugitip*. [L. oon (It), large, as balloow. Sec on.
ivus; Sans, vas, ivas, participial termination.] or ( L. ), one who, as author. [L. or.] See er, ter.
Iz (L.), /em. term., as testatrur. [L. ix, icis.] ory (L.), belonging to, as prefatory. [L. orius,
See asm. Sans, ura; another form is ary.J See at
lxe (Gr.), te make, same as lse. ory ;'L.}, //.jrt- where, as purgatory. [L. orium,
kin (A.S.), /iV/te, dim., as lamb***,* son of, as from neuter of the adj. term, orius.] See ary.
WiLfci*. [A.S. ry, cund, Ger. then; A.S. c;, oee [L.),fitllof, as verbor*. [I*. <uf.] See oas.
kind, from cennan, to beget, hence = ////te, ot (AS.). sVttir, dim., as hallo/. See et
from creature just born.] See Kin in Diet. onr (AS.), state ojbeing, as honour, [from L. or.
kind (A.S.), kind, race, as mankind. [See kin Fr. eur. Seems to have been formed from union
above, and in Diet.] of the L. and Fr. forms.]
le (A.S.), ttr/te, as needte. See eL fftfte. ons (L.),full of, as dubioux; given to, as religiose.
le (A.S.), Mrt/ wtsVA, as settte; * twto, as beadte. [L. us, osus, x, &c ; also takes forms, ons, eous.]
See el, Mnr which, ow (A.S.), little, dim., as shadow, [form of ock]
le (A.S.), o/te, frequentative, as sparkte. [same re tive (A.S.), place, as here. [AS. r, ra is a geni
termination, r being = s, as in their.]
as dim. el to do by littles, hence often.]
lent (L.),fvll of, with o or prefixed, as viotearr, reeden red (A.S.), state, those who, as kindred. [AS.
virulent. [L. olentus, ulentus} from lentits, reason, =counsel.] affix ship, condition, state, from reed,
clinging to, Sans. , to twine ; hence = a rlc (AS.), dominion, power, region, as bishopric,
quantity adhering to.]
lees (AS.), lit. having lost, without, as guiltless ; ry i (A.S.),A.S. ric, power ; conn, with 1>. rego, to rule.]
place, as heronry. See cry.
used as negative and privative. [A.S. Uest Ger.
i\ i.J See Leu in Diet. (AS.}. See ee in both meanings.
let (A.S.), little, dim., as stream///, [some from e (AS.), to make, as cleans, [conn, with tie.]
A.S. lytet, Little: others from el and et.] ship (AS.), state, quality, as friendship: office, as
like (AS.), like, as god/Mr. See Like in Diet stewardship. [A.S. scife, shape, formscapan,
ling (A.S ), little, dim., as darling. (A.S. ling, an scyppan, to shape, Ger. schaftschaffen, to
image, Ger. lein, ling: some take it from el and tiemake.] Sec Shape in Diet
(Gr.), action or state, as thenr. [Gr. sis ; conn,
Ing, diminutives.] with Gr. sou, L. tu, E. thou, ad pers. pron., and
ly (A.S.), like, as manly, [contr. of A.S. lie, in hence that which is done by an actor.] See ee.
advs. -lice", in adjs. -like.] See Like in Diet. im (Gr.), that which, state, as spajw. See asm.
men (L.)t that which, state, as acumen, [only in some (A.S.),full of as gladsome. [AS. sum, Ger.
classical words. L. men, Sans, matt: conn, saw, some, a quantity.] See Some in Diet
with meat, mony.]
' ment (L.), that which, as nourish ment ; act, as son (A.S.), son, as Johorott. Sec Son in Diet
establish//*en/,- state ofbeing, as detriment. [L. iter (A.S.), one who, doer, as gamerter. [AS.
rnentum, Fr. ment, Sans, man.] See men. estre, Dutch, steris feminine term, in AS., as in
mony (L. J, that which, as testimony ; state ofbeing, spinrter, the actions implied being orig. done by
as parsimony. [L. monium, tnonia.) See men. women others
: some consider it made up of 1st and er ;
take it from styran, to steer, rule.]
most (A.S ), most, superl. deg., as endmost. tress (A.S.),feminine term., as songstress, [from
See Meet in Diet, [in most cases this term, is not ster, fern. term, in AS., and L. ess.]
the word most, the m being part of the root, or
an old superl. term., and o*ft the superlative sy (L. and Gr.), state, as plcuriry. [same as ate.]
term., as in inmost m-m-ost \ See eit. See ee.
nee (A.S.),from, as hence, [ee = ee, genitive term, t (AS.), state, act, as migh/; that which is, as
added to A.S. term, on = motion from. J gif/. [A.S. t, d, th; Ger. t. Sans, ta.]
nets (A.S.), being or state of being, abstract idea, teen (A.S.), ten to be added, as fourter*. [Ten
as texxdemess. [A.S. nes, nysse, Ger. niss ; prob. becomes teen, and ty.J See Ten in Diet
conn, with root or Hoes, and = a prominent qual
ity : perh. conn, with Fr. esse = ntm; ness in terSans, (Gr.), that which, as character. [Ger. ter,
tri, L. or, orig. tor; perh. conn, with fter.]
names of places = nose or cafie.)
o (It &c), that which, as stucco. [It. o, L. o, onis.] th (A.S.}, state, act, as mir/A See 1
ock (A.S.), //////, dim., as hilWA. [A.S. ca or uca, th (A.S.), order, as sixth, [becomes also d ; conn,
Sans. ka. k is the dim. particle, and appears in with L. tus, tins, u in L quartus, fourth.]
the forms ock, lih, le, ow, cn, i*k , conn, with ot, et.J ther (AS.), towards, as hiMrr. [A.S. der; conn,
<Ax (Fr.), that which, as memoir, [from L. -cria.\ with er, more, in more motion to.]
579
 Table of Divisions of the Aryan Languages.
tnde (L.), being or stats ofbeing, as grati/W>. [L. nte I. ', belonging to, as acute. [L. v/us, term.
tudo, tudinis.] of pcrf. p. pass, of verbs.] See ate.
ty (L.), being or state 0/being, as dignity : quality, ward, wards (A.S.), towards, as homeward, home-
as honesl>. See c*. wards. [A.S. weard, weardes, Gcr. wdrti;
'ty (A.S.), ten to be multiplied, as sixi>. [A.S. tig, conn, with L. versusverto, to turn.]
Ger. rig.] See teen, ways (A.S.), way, manner, as sideways. See wise
ale (L.). little, dim. as global. [L. ulas, a/a.] wise (A.S.), way, manner, as likewise. [A.S. wis,
See el and cnle. Ger. u/ux. See Wise, way, in Diet,
nit (L.), j/oA or rr, as turns*//. [L. ultus.]
am (L. ), neuter term., as medium. [L. urn, Gr. M ; y (A. S.)../// of, having, as windy, clayo'. [A.S.
and Gcr. ig; conn, with le ; once written ie.\
becomes y sometimes.]
nine (L.)f that whicht as volume. [L. umen, y (L. and Gr.), act or state, as victory; art or
science, as geometry. [L., Gr. a, Gr. f", A.S. e.\
uminis; hence adjs. in uminous.]
uncle (L.), ////&, dim., as pcd;o;</r. [L. unculas, Gr. lim.]Gr.), place, as rectory. [Fr. ie, L. um,
y (L. and
A.S. incle; conn, with en and cnle, diminutives.]
ure {L.),act, as capture; state ofbeing, as verdure. yerprefixed
(A.S.), one who, agent, as sawyer, [y euphonic
to er, one who.]
[L. un ; conn, with or, one who.]
nmal (L.), belongingto, as diurnal. [L. emus, and yte (Gr.), one who, as neophyte, [Gr. ytis, conn,
al ; conn, with em.] I with lte, etc.]

TABLE OF DIVISIONS OF THE ARYAN LANGUAGES.

from 'chambers's exercises on etymology.'
The English languagethe offspring of the Anglo-Saxonis one of the Low-
German dialects which make up the German class of the Teutonic branch of the
Indo-European or Aryan languages.
The Aryan languages may be divided into six principal branches :
I. H. m. IV. V. VL
Indian. Persic. Celtic Gr^eco-Latin. Teutonic Slavonic.
The Teutonic branch is divided into two classes, the German and Scandinavian :
1. Mceso-Gothic, preserved in Ulphilas's
translation of the Gospels.
2. Low-German.
I. Anglo-Saxon,
English.
II. Old Saxon,
f I. German ^ m. Friesian.
IV. Dutch,
v. Flemish.
3. High-German.
I. Old High-German.
Teutonic. i IL Middle High-German.
III. New High-German.
r 1. Old Scandinavian.
L Icelandic
II. Ferroic
(II. Scandinavian.... 2. Modern Scandinavian.
I. Danish.
II. Swedish.
III. Norwegian.
The Celtic branch is divided into :
1. Gadhelic or Erse. 2. Cymric
I. Irish. L Welsh.
il Scottish Gaelic. IL Cornish (now extinct),
III. Manx. in. Armorican.
5&>
 WORDS AND PHRASES FROM THE LATIN, THE GREEK,
AND MODERN FOREIGN LANGUAGES.
AbbS (Fr.), the title of a clergyman.
A'> extra (L.), from without.
Ab initio (L.), from the beginning.
Ab origins (L.), from the origin or beginning.
Ab ovo (L.), from the egg ; from the beginning.
AbrigS (Fr.), abridgment
Ab urbe conditd (L.), from the founding of tbe
Accessit (L.), he came near. [city (Rome).
A comptt (Fr.), on account; in part-payment.
Ad apertwam (libri) (L.), as (the book) opens.
Ad Calendas Qrcecas (L.), at the Greek Calends ;
i.e., never, as the Greeks had no Calends.
Ad eaptandum vulgus (L.), to catch the rabble.
Ad extremum (I*.), to the extreme.
Adfinem {It.), to the end.
Ad infinitum (L.), to infinity.
Ad interim (L.), in the meanwhile.
A discretion (Fr.), at discretion; without restric-
Ad libitum (L.), at pleasure. [tlon.
Ad nauseam (L.), to disgust.
Ad referendum (L.), to be further considered.
Ad rem (L.), to the point; to the purpose.
Ad unum omnes (L.), all to a man.
Ad valorem (L. ; , according to the value.
Ad vitam aut culpam (L.), for life or fault.
jEgis (L.)_, a shield.
j&juq animo (L.), with an equable mind.
AEtatis sua (L.), of his or her age.
Affaire damour (Fr.), a lore affair.
Affaire (Chonneur (Fr.), an affair of honour.
Affaire du caur (Fr.), an affair of the heart.
A fortiori (L.), with stronger reason.
Agenda (L.), things to be done.
Agreement (Ft.), agreeable quality; embellishment.
A la Francaise (Fr.}, after the French mode.
A la mode (Fr.), ace. to the custom; in fashion.
A la Tartuffe (Fr.), like Tartuffe; hypocritically.
Alereftammam (L.), to feed the flame.
At fresco (It.) , in fresco ; in the open air ; cool.
AUez vous en (Fr.), away with you.
AUons (Fr.), let us go ; come on ; come.
Alma mater (L.},lit. a benign motherapplied by
graduates to their university.
Alter ego [L.)t another self.
A'teridem (L.), another precisely similar.
Amende ho?wrabte (Fr.), apology; reparation,
A mensd et thoro (L.), from bed and board.
Amrtr patrias (L.), love of country.
Amour propre (Fr.), self-love; vanity.
AnglicS (L.), in English.
Anno CHristi (L.), in the year of Christ.
Anno Domini (L.), in tbe year of our Lord.
Anno tnundi (L.), in the year of the world.
Anno urbis conditm (L.), in the year the city
(ltomp) was built.
Annus mirabilis (L.), year of wonders.
Ante meridiem (L.), before noon.
Aptrcn (Fr.), survey; sketch.
A point (Fr.), to a point; exactly right.
A posterwri (L.), from the effect to the cause.
A priori (L.), from the caus? to the effVct.
A propos (Fr.), to the point; pertinently.
Aqua citai (L.), water of life ; brandy; alcohol.
Argumentum ad hominem (L.), an argament to
the manthat is, to his Interests and passions.
Argumentum ad ignorantiam (L.), argument
founded on an adversary's ignorance of facta.
Argumentum ad invidiam (L.), an argument ap
pealing to low passions.
Argumentum adjudicium (L.J, argument appeal
ing to the judgment.
Argumentum baculinum (L.\ the argument of the
cudgel ; appeal to force,
Ariston metron (Gr.), the middle course is the
best ; the golden mean.
Arricre pensec (Fr.), a mental reservation.
Ars est celare artem (L.), true art is to conceal art.
Ars longa, vita brevis (L.), art is long, life short.
Artium Magister (L.), Master of Arts.
Audi alteram partem (L.), hear the other aide.
Au fait (Fr.), well acquainted with ; expert.
Au fond (Fr.), at the bottom.
Aupis alter (Fr.), at the worst.
Au reste (Fr.), as for the rest.
Au revoir (Fr.), adieu until we meet again.
Aut Cossar aut nullus (L.), either Caesar or nobody.
Auto da fi (Port.), lit. an act of faithapplied to
the burning of Jews and heretics.
Aux armes (Fr.), to arms I
Avant-coureur (Fr.), a forerunner.
Avant propos (Fr.), preliminary matter; preface.
Atec permission (Fr.), by consent.
A verbis ad verbera (L.), from words to blows.
A votre santi (Fr.), to your health.
Bel esprit (Fr.), a brilliant mind; a person of wit
Bis (li. . twice; repeated. [or genius.
Blase (Fr.), palled; surfeited.
Bona fide (L.), in good faith ; in reality.
Bon ami (Fr.), good friend.
Bonbon (Fr.), a sweetmeat.
Bon gri, mat grt (Fr.)t willing or unwilling.
Bonhomie (Fr.), good-natured simplicity.
Bonjour (Fr.), good-day; good-morning.
Bonne (Fr.), a nurse or governess.
Bonnefoi (Fr.), good faith.
Bon soir (Fr.), good-evening.
Breveti (Fr.), patented.
Brutum fulmen (L.), & harmless thunderbolt.
CaeoWkes toguendi (L.), a rage for speaking.
Cacoethes scribeudi (L.), an itch for scribbling.
Casteris paribus (L.), other things being equal.
Cifc lFr.), a coffee-house.
Canaille (Fr.), the.rabble.
Otp-a-pie [-pC'j (Fr.), from head to foot.
Caput (L.), he:id; chapter.
Caput mortuum (L.), the worthless remains.
Carbonari (It.), members of a secret political
society In Italy,
Carpe. diem (L.), enjoy the present day; seize tho
opportunity. [war.
Casus belli (L.), that which involves or justin>n
Catalogue raisonnS (Fr.), a catalogue of books
arranged according to their subjects.
Ccdant anna toga: IL.), let arms yield to the
5Si
 Words and Phrases from Latin, Greek, &c.
gownI.e., let military authority yield to the Distingue (Fr.), distinguished ; eminent.
civil power. Distrait (Fr.), absent in thought.
Ce n'est que le premier pas qui coCte (Fr.;, it is Divertissement (Fr.), amusement; sport.
only the first step which is difficult. Dolcefar niente (It.j, sweet doing-nothing ; sweet
Centum (L.), a hundred. idleness.
Cest a dire (Fr.), that is to say. Double entendret Double entente (Fr.), double
Ckacun a son gout (Fr.)t every one to his taste. meaning; a word or phrase capable of more
Chanson (Fr.), a song. than one meaning.
Chef (Fr.), the head ; the leading person or part. Douceur (Fr.), sweetness; a bribe.
Chef de cuisine (Fr.), head cook. Dramatis personm (L.), characters in a drama.
Chef-d'oeuvre (Fr.), a master-piece. Dulce * Domum ! ' (L.), sweet * Home I' from the
Chere amis (Fr.), a dear friend ; a mistress. song sung by the students of Winchester Col
Chevalier dindustrie (Fr.), lit. a knight of in lege at the close of the term.
dustry; one who lives by persevering fraud. Dulce est desipere in loco (L.), It is pleasant to
Ci devant (Fr.), formerly ; former. jest, or revel, at the proper time.
Comme itfoul (Fr.), as it should be. Dulce et decorum est pro patnd mori (L.), it is
Compagnon de voyage (Fr.), a travelling companion. sweet and glorious to die for one's country.
Compos mentis (L.), of a sound mind. Dum spiro, spero (L.), while I breathe, I hope.
Comte (Fr.), count. Comtesse (Fr.), countess. Dum civimus vivamus (L.), while we live, let us
Con amore (It.), with love ; very earnestly. live.
Confrere (Fr.), a brother belonging to the same
monastery ; an associate. Eau de Cologne (Fr.), Cologne water, a perfume.
Conge d'Olire (Fr.), leave to elect. [council. Eau de vie (Fr.), wutcr of life ; brandy.
ConseU d'etat (Fr.), a council of state; a privy- Ecce homo (L.), behold the man.
Coram nobis (L.J, before us. Ego et rex meus (L.), I and my king.
Cordon sanitaire (Fr.), a line of troops to prevent El Dorado (Sp.), the golden land.
the spreading of contagion or pestilence. Elece (Fr.) pupil.
Corps diplomatique (Fr.), a diplomatic body. Eloge (Fr.), a funeral oration.
Corpus delicti (L.), the body, substance, or Emeritus (L), one retired from active official
foundation of the offence. Emeute (Fr.), insurrection ; uproar. (dutier.
Oouleur de rose (Fr.), rose colour; hence, an Emigre (Fr.), an emigrant.
aspect of beauty and attractiveness. Empressement (Fr.), ardour; zeal; interest.
Coup eTHaf (Fr.), a stroke of policy ; a violent En avant! (Fr.), forward I
measure of state in public affairs. Enbonpoint (Fr.), in good condition; plump.
Coup de grace (Fr.), the finishing-stroke. En dishabille (Fr.), in undress.
Coup de main (Fr.), a sudden enterprise or effort. En ftmille (Fr.), in a domestic state.
Coup de soleil (Fr.), a stroke of the sun. En masse (Fr.), in a body.
Coup (Cavil (Fr.), a rapid glance of tho eye. En passant (Fr.\ in passing; by the way.
Coupe (Fr.), the front division of a diligence. En rapport (Fr.), In relation ; in connection,
Coupon (Fr.) an interest certificate attached to En regie (Fr.), in order ; according to rules.
transferable bonds. En route (Fr.;, on the way.
Coitie qu'il tot'tte (Fr.), let It cost what it may. En suite (Fr.), in company.
Cm bono! (L.), for whose benefit is it? what Entente cordtale (Fr.), evidences of good-will, ex
good will it doT changed by the chief persons of two states.
Cuisine (Fr.), kitchen; cooking department. Entourage (Fr.), surroundings; adjuncts.
Cut de sac (Fr.), the bottom of the bag; a street En tout (Fr.), in all ; wholly.
or lane that has no outlet. Entrie (Fr.), entry ; a course of dishes.
Cum privilegio (L.), with privilege. Entremets (Fr.), small and dainty dishes set be
Currente caiamo (L.), with a running or rapid pen. tween the principal ones at table.
Castas rotulorutn (L.), keeper of the rolls. Entre nous (Fr.), between ourselves.
Entrepot (Fr.), a warehouse or magazine.
Da capo (It.), from the beginning. I En virite (Fr.), in truth ; verily,
De bonne grace (Fr.), with good grace; willingly. i Errare est humanum (L.I, to err is human.
Defacto (L.), from the fact; really. Erratum^ pi. Errata (L.j, an error.
DSgagi (Ft.), easy and unconstrained. Esprit de corps (Fr.), toe animating spirit of a
Dei gratid (L.), by the grace of God. collective body, as of the army or the bar.
Dejeuner (Fr.), breakfast; a fashionable luncheon. Etats Oenirattx (Fr.], the States-General.
Dejeuner a la fourchette (Fr.}, a meat breakfast Et catera (L.), and the rest ; ore.
Dejure (L.), from the law ; by righU Et hoc genus omne I (L.), and every thing of the
Delenda est Carthago (L.), Carthage must be Et id genus omne J sort.
blotted out, or destroyed. Et sequentes (L.J, and those that follow.
De mortuis nil nisi bonum (L.), say nothing but Et sequentia (L.), and what follows.
good of the dead. Et sic de cceteris (L.), and so of the rest.
De novo (L.J, anew. Et tu. Brute! (L.), and thou also, Brutus!
Deo gratias (L.), thanks to God. Eureka ! (Gr.), I have found it I
Deo volenti (L.), God willing ; by God's will. Ex capite (L.), from the head ; from memory.
De profundus (L.), out of the depths. Ex cathedra (L.), from the chair; with high
Dernier ressort (Fr.), a last resource. authority.
Desagrcment (Fr.), something disagreeable. Excelsior (L.), higher; more elevated.
Desipere in loco (L.J, to Jest at the proper time. Exceptio probat regulam (L.), the exception
De trop (Fr.), too much, or too many. proves the rule.
Dies iraj (L.j, day of wrath. Excerpta (L.), extracts.
Dies non (L.), a day on which judges do not sit. Ex curia (L.), nut of court.
Dieu et mow droit (Fr.), God and my right. Ex dono (L.). by the gift.
Dii penates (L.J, household gods. Exempli gratid (L.), by way of example.
582
 Words and Phrases from Latin, Greek, Ac.
Exequatur (L. ), the writing which recognises a Id est (L.\ that is.
person as consul, die. It penseroso (It.), the pensive man. [lasting.
Exeunt ,L.), they go out. Immortelle (Ft.), the flower commonly called ever-
Exeunt omnes (L.), all go out, or retire. Imprimatur (L.j, license to print a book regis
Exit (L.), he goes out; death. tered on Its title-page; the Imprint.
Ex officio (L. ), by virtue of his office. Inamorata (It.), one in love ; a lover.
Ex parte (L.|, on one side only. In articulo mortis f L.J, at the point of death.
Experlo crede (L.), trust one who has tried, or Index expurpatorius (L.), a list of prohibited
had experience. In esse (I,.), in being. [books.
Expose (Fr.), an exposition ; recital. In extenso (L.), at full length.
Extra muros (L.), beyond the walls. In extremis (L. ), at the point of death.
In forma" pauperis (L.), as a poor man.
Facetice (L.), humorous writings or sayings; Infra dignitatem (L.), below one's dignity.
Jokes. [admitted chief. In limine (L.), at the threshold.
Facile princeps (L.J, evidently pre-eminent ; the In loco parentis (L. ), in the place of a parent.
Faeiiis descensus Avertw (L ), descent to Avernua In medias res (L.J, into the midst of things.
(or hell) is easy ; the road to evil is easy. In memoriam (L.), to the memory of; in memory.
Fait accompli (Fr.), a thing already done. In nubibus (L.), in the clouds.
Fata obstant (U), the Fates oppose it. In pace (L.J, in peace.
Faux pat (Fr.), a false step ; a mistake. In petto (It.), within the breast; in reserve.
Fecit (L.). he made or executed it. In posse (L. , in possible existence ; in possibility.
Feliciter (L.), happily ; successfully. In propria persona" (L.), in person.
Felo de se (L.), a suicide. In puris naturalibus (L.), quite naked.
Femme de chambre (Fr.), a chambermaid. In re (L.), in the matter of.
Fete champetre (Fr.), a rural festival, [a bonfire. In situ (L.), in its original situation.
Feu dejote (Fr.), a firing of guns in token of Joy ; In statu quo (L.), in the former state.
Feuilleton (Fr.), a small leaf; a supplement to a Inter alia (L.), among other things.
newspaper devoted to light, entertaining matter. Inter nos (L.), between ourselves.
Fiatjustitiat ruat coslum (L.), let justice be done, Inter pocula ((,.). stone's cups.
though the heavens should fall. In terrorem (L.), as a warning.
Fidei defensor (L.), defender of the faith. Inter se (L.), among themselves.
Fide* Ptmica (L.), Punic faith ; treachery. In toto (L.), in the whole; entirely.
Fidus Achates (L.), faithful Achates ; i. e., a true Intra muros (L.), within the walls.
Fills de chambre (Fr.), a chambermaid. [frieud. In transitu (L.J, on the passage.
Fib (Fr.), son. Invito" Minerva (L.), without genius.
Finem respiee (L.), look to the end. Ipse dixit (L.), he himself said it ; dogmatism.
Finis (L.), the end. Ipsissima verba (L.), the very words.
Fortiter m re (L.), with firmness in acting. Ipso facto (L.J, In the fact Itself.
FvU Ilium (L.), Troy has been.
Fulmen brutum (L.)t a harmless thunderbolt. Je ne sais quoi (Fr.), I know not what.
Furor loquendi (L.), a rage for speaking. Jet d'eau (Fr.), a Jet of water.
Furor poeticus (L.), poetical fire. Jeu de mots (Fr.), a play on words ; a pun.
Furor scribendi (L.J, a rage for writing. Jeud'esprit (Fr.), a witticism.
Jure divino (L.), by divine law.
Gallic* (L.), In French. Jure kumano (L.), by human law.
Oarcon (Fr.), a boy, a waiter. Juste milieu (Fr.), the golden mean.
Gardes { Fr.), take care ; be on your guard.
Genius loci (L.), the genius of the place. Labors et honore (L.), by labour and honour.
Gens aVarmes (Fr.), armed police. Laissez faire (Fr.), let alone.
Gentilhomme (Fr.), a gentleman. Hallegro (It.), the merry man.
Gloria in exceisis (L.), glory to God in the highest. Lapsus calami (L.), a slip of the pen.
Gloria Patri (L.), glory be to the Father. Lapsus lingua (L.j, a slip of the tongue.
O'nothi seauton (Gr.), know thyself. Lapsus memoriae (L.J, a slip of memory.
Gouvernante (Fr.). a governess. Lares et penates (L.), household gods.
Gradus ad Parnassum (L.), a step to Parnassus, L'avenir (Fr.), the future.
aid in writing Greek or Latin poetry. Laus Deo (L.j. praise to God.
Lazaroni (It.), the poor of Naples, who live In
Hauteur (Fr.), haughtiness. . the streets, and have no regular occupation.
Hie et ubique (L.), here and everywhere. Le beau monde (Fr.), the fashionable world.
Hicjacet [L.), here lies. Le pas (Fr.), precedence in place or rank.
Hie labor, hoe opus est (L.), this Is labour, this ia Lcse majesty (Fr.), high treason.
Hie sepultus (L.), here buried. [work. Le tout ensemble (Fr.), all together.
Hine tllce lacrimal (L.), hence proceed these tears. /. de cachet (Fr.), u scaled letter ; ft royal
Historiette (Fr.), a Utile or short history; a tale. warrant.
Hoi polloi(Gr.)t the many; the rabble ; the vulgar. Lettre de marque (Fr.), a letter of marque.
Iloni soit qui mat y pense (Fr.), evil to him who Lex nan scripta (L.J, the common law.
evil thinks. Lex scripta (L.), statute law.
Honorarium (L.\ a fee paid to a professional man. Lex talionis (L.) the law of retaliation.
Hors de combat (Fr.), out of condition to fight. Lingua Franca (It.), the mixed language spoken
Hortus siccus (L.), a collection of dried plants. by Europeans in the East.
Hotel de ville (Fr.j, a town hall. Locum tenens (L.), one occupying the place; a
Humanum est crrare (L.), to err Is human. deputy or substitute.
Locus standi (L.), a place for standing; a right to
Ibidem (LO, in the fame place, tbing, or case. interfere.
Ich dieu (Uer.)t I serve. Lusus natures (L.), a sport or freak of nature.
583
I
 Words and Phrases from Latin, Greek, &o.
Ma chSre {Fr.), my dear. Non compos mentis (L.), not in sound mind*
Mafois (Fr.), upon my faith. Non mi ricordo (It.), 1 don't remember.
Magnum bonum (L.), a great good. Non multar sed multum (L.J, not many things, but
Magnum opus (L.), a great work. Non sequitur (L.), it does not follow. [much.
Jfain/un (Fr.), deportment ; carriage; address. Nosce teipsum (L.), know thyself.
Maidfide (L.), with bad faith; treacherously. Nota bene (L.) mark well.
Mai a propos (Fr.), ill-timed. Notre Dame (Fr.), Our Lady.
Malgre nous (Fr.), in spite of as. Nous verrons (Fr.j, we shall see.
Mandamus (L.), we command; a writ or com Novus homo (L.), a new man, or one who has
mand issued by the court of King's Bench. raised himself from obscurity.
Materfamilias (L.), the mother of a family.
MaUriel (Fr.), material objects used in any design, Obiit (L.), he, or she, died.
esp. the baggage and munitions of an army. Odi pro/anum (L.), I loathe the profane.
Mauvaise honte (Fr.), false modesty. [fellow. (Euvres (Fr.), works.
Mauvais syjet (Fr.), a bad subject; a worthless On dit (Fr.), they say ; a flying rumour.
Melange (Fr.)t a mixture. Onus probandi (L.), the burden of proving;.
Melee (Fr.), a fight in which the combatants are Optimates (L.), of the first rank.
mingled together ; a scuffle ; a confused debate. Ora pro nobis (L.), pray for us.
Memento mori (L.), remember death. Ore rotundo (L.), with round, full voiee.
Memorabilia (L. ), things to be remembered. Of si sic omnia (L.), 0 that he had always done
Mens sana in corpore sano (L.), a sound mind in or spoken thus. [manners f
a sound body. [rectitude. 0 temporal 0 mores! (L.), O the times! O the
Mens sibi conscia recti (L.)t a mind conscious of Otium cum dignitate (L.), dignified leisure.
Mesalliance (Fr.), Improper association ; marriage
with one of lower station. Padrone (lU), ruler; protector; :
Messieurs (Fr.), sirs, gentlemen. Palmam qui meruit ferat (L.), let him who has
Meum et tuum (L.), mine and thine. won it bear the palm.
Mtnutia (L.), small parts of a business ; trifles. Par excellence (Fr.), by way of eminence.
Mirabile dictu (L.), wonderful to be told. Pari passu (L.), with equal pace ; together.
MirabUe visu (L.), wonderful to be seen. Pas (Fr.), a step ; action ; precedence.
Mirabilia (L.), wonders. Passim (L.), everywhere.
Mise en seine (Fr.), the getting up, or putting in Paterfamilias (L.), the father of a family.
preparation, for the stage. Pater nosier (L.), Our Father ; the Lord's prayer.
Mittimus (L.), we senda writ to Peccavi (L.), I have sinned.
offender to prison. Penetralia (L.), secret re
Modus (L.), manner, mode. Pensie (Fr.), a thought.
Modus operandi (L.), manner of operation. Per annum (L.), by the year.
Mon ami (Fr.), my friend. Per centum (L.), by the hundred.
Man eher (Fr.), my dear. Per contra (L.). contrariwise.
Monsieur (Fr.), sir, Mr. Per diem (L.), by the day.
Morceau (Fr.), a bit; morsel; fragment. Per saltuni (L.), by a leap or jump.
More majorum (L.), after the manner of our an- Per se (L.), by himself, itself, &c
More suo (L.), in his own way. [cestors. Personnel (Fr.), the persons employed In any
Multum inparvo (L.), much in little. service as distinguished from the matSriei,
Mutatis mutandis (L.), with necessary changes. Petit (Fr.), small.
Petitio principii (L ), a begging of the question.
NSe (Fr.), born ; family name. Petxl-maxtre (Fr.), a fop.
Nemme contradicente (L.)? without opposition; Pwxit (L.), painted it.
no one speaking In opposition. Pis alter (Fr.), the last or worst shift.
Nemine dissentiente (L.), no one dissenting; with Plebs (L.), common people.
out a dissenting voice. Plena jure (L.), with full authority.
Nemo me impune lacessit (L.), no one wounds me Poeta nascttur, non Jit (L.), the poet is bom, not
with impunity. [most point. made; nature, not study, must form the poet.
Ne plus ultra (L.), nothing further; the utter- Point liappm (Fr.), point of support; prop.
Ne tutor ultra crepidam (L.), let not the shoe Pons asinorum (L.), the bridge of asses.
maker go beyond his last. Posse comitatus (L.), the power of the county.
Nihil ad rem (L.), nothing to the point. Posts restante (Fr.), to remain until called for.
Nil desperandum (L.), never despair. Post mortem (L.), after death.
Nimporte (Fr.), it matters not. Pour prendre congi (Fr.), to take leave.
Nisi Dominus frustra (L.), unless God be with Prescriptum (L.), a thin* prescribed.
you, all your toil is vain. Preux chevalier (Fr.), a brave knight.
Nisiprius (L.), unless previouslya name given Prima facie (L.), on the first view.
to the sittings of juries in civil cases. Primo (L.). in the first place.
Nitor in adversum (L.), I strive in opposition, or Primum mobile (L.), the main spring.
against opposition. Pro arts etfocis (L.), for our altars and firesides.
Noblesse oblige (Fr.), rank imposes obligation. Pro bono pitblico (L.), for the public good.
Nolens miens (L.), whether he will or not. Profanum vulgus (L.), the profane vulgar.
Noli me%tangere (L.), don't touch me. Proforma (L.), for the sake of form.
Nolle prosequi (L.), to be unwilling to proceed. Prohpudor! (L.), O, for shame!
Nolo episcoparx (L.), I do not wiBh to bo made a Projet de lot (Fr.j, a legislative bill.
bishop. Pro memorid (L.), for a memorial.
Nom deplume (Fr.), an assumed or literary title. Pro patrid (L.), for our country.
Nom de guerre (Fr.), a war name; a travelling Pro rata (L.), in proportion.
title; a pseudonym. [lessness. Pro re natd (L.), tor a special emergency; accord
Nonchalance (Fr.), coolness, indifference, care- ing to the circumstances.
84
 Words and Phrases from Latin, Greek, Ac.
Pro tempore (L.) 'or tho time being. Spiritual (Fr.), intellectual; intelligent; witty.
Spolia opima ( I), the richest booty.
Quantum (L.), the quantity or amount. Sponte su& (L.), of one's own accord.
Quantum sufficit (L.), a sufficient quantity. Status quo (L.), the state in which.
Quasi (L.), as If; in a manner. Stet (L.), let it stand.
Quidnunc.' (L,), what now ? a newsmonger. Suaviter in modot fortiter in re (L.), gentle In
Quid pro quo (L.j, one thing for another. manners, hut resolute in deed.
Quid rides ML.), why do you laugh T Subjudice (L.), under consideration.
Qui vivef (Fr.), who goes there ihence, on the Sub rosd (L.). under the rose; privately.
qui vive, on the alert. Sui generis (L.), of its own kind.
Quod erat demonstrandum (L.), which was to be Summum bonum (L.), the chief good.
proved or demonstrated. Suum cuique (L.), let each have his own.
Quod erat faciendum (L.), which was to be done.
Quod vide (L.), which see. Tableau vivant (Fr.), the representation of soma-
Quondam (L.j, that was formerly; former. scene by groups of persons.
Tabula rasa (L.), a smooth or blank tablet.
Jtara avis (L.), a rare bird; a prodigy. Tapis (Fr.), the carpet.
Jii-chaujfe (Fr.), warmed over, as food; hence, Te Deum (L.), a hymn of thanksgiving.
stale; old; insipid. (exquisite. Tempora mutattfur, nos et mutamur in illis (L.),
Recherche (Fr.), sought out with care; rare; the times are changed, and we with them,
Reductio adidbsurdum (L.), a reducing a position Tempusfugit (L.}, time flies.
to an absurdity. Terra firma (L.), solid earth ; a safe footing.
Jtegium donum ("L.J, a royal gift. Terra incognita (L.J, an unknown country.
Religieuse (Fr.), a nun. ReUgieux (Fr.), a monk. Tertium quid (L.). a third something. [sation.
Mem acu tetigisti (L.). you have touched the thing Tete-a-tete (Fr.), head to head; a private conver-
with a needle that is, exactly. Toga virilis (L.), the gown of manhood.
Renaissance (Fr.), revival, as of letters or art To kalon ((Jr.). the beautiful ; the chief good.
Rentes (Fr.), funds bearing interest; stocks. Toties quoties (L.), as often as. [cally opposite.
Requiescat in pace (L.), may he rest in peace. Toto ccelo (L.), by tbe whole heavens; diumetri-
Res angusta domi (L.j, narrow circumstances at Tout ensemble (Fr.), the whole taken together.
Res gestae (L ), exploits. [home; poverty. Tu quoque. Brute! (L.), and thou too, Brutus!
RespiceJinetn (L.J, look to the end.
Resume (Fr.), an abstract or summary. Ultima Thule (L.), the utmost boundary or limit.
Resurgam (L.)t I shall rise again. Ultimatum (L.), the last or only condition.
Revenons a nos moutons (Fr.), let us return to our Usque ad nauseam (L.)t to disgust.
sheep ; let us return to our subject. Utus loquendi (L.), usage in speaking.
Ruat caUum (X.), let tbe heavens fall. Ut infra (L.), as below,
Ruse de guerre (Fr.) a stratagem of war. Ut supra {L.j, as above.
Rus in urbe (L.), the country in town.
Yade mecum (L.), go with me; a constant com-
Sanctum sanctorum (L.), holy of holies. Vale (L.), farewell. [panion.
Sangfroid (Fr.), cold blood ; coolness. Valet de chambre (Fr.1, an attendant ; a footman.
Satis cerimonie (Fr.), without ceremony. Variorum notm (L.), the notes of various authors.
Sans peur et sans reproche (Fr.), without fear and Vent, vidi, vici (L.), I came, I saw, I conquered.
without reproach. Verbatim et literatim (L.), word for word and
Sartor resartus (L.), the tailor mended. Versus (L.), against; toward. [letter for letter.
Satis verborum (L.), enough of words. Vestigia (L.), tracks; vestiges.
Sauve qui peut (Fr.), save himself who can. Vexata quatstio (L,), a disputed question.
Savant (Fr.J, a learned man. Via (L.), by way of.
Secundum artem (L \ according to rule. Via media (L.), a middle course.
Secundum naturam (L.J, according to nature. Vice (L.), in the place of.
Secundum ordinem (L.), In order. Vice versa (L.J, the terms being exchanged.
Semper idem (L.), always the same. Videlicet (L.), to wit; namely.
Semper paratus (L.), always ready. Vi et armis (L.), by force and arms; by main
Seriatim (L.), in a series. Vis a vis (Fr.), opposite ; facing. [force.
Sic itttr ad astra (L.J, such is the way to Immor- Vis inertia (L.), the power of inertia; resistance.
Sic passim (L.1, so everywhere. [tality. Vicat regina (L), long live the queen.
Sic transit gloria mundi (L.j, so passes awuy Vivat rex (L.), long live the king. [Umony.
earthly glory, [cured by like.
Simitia simihhus curantur (L.), like things are Vied voce (L.), by the living voice; by oral tea-
Vive Vempereur (Fr.), long live the emperor.
Sine die (L.), without a day appointed. Voila (Fr.), behold ; there is, or there arc. [more.
Sine qua uon (L.), an indispensable condition. Vox, et pratterca nihil (L.), a voice, and nothing
Siste, viator (L ), stop, traveller. Vox populi, vox Dei (U), the voice of the people
Sn-disant (Fr.), seK-called. Is tbe voice of God.
Spero meiiora (L.), I hope for better things. Vulgd (L.), commonly.
3*5
 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS.

A.B., Able-bodied seaman,

A.B., Artium Baccalaureus (L.), Bp., Bishop.
Br or Bro., Brother. D.M. , Doctor of Music.
Do., ditto (It.), the Baid, the
Bachelor of Art*. B.Sc., Bachelor of Science. same.
Abbr., or Abbrev.f Abbreviated, B.S.L., Botanical Society, Lon~ Dr., Debtor, Doctor, Dram.
or Abbreviation. don. D.Sc., Doctor of Sciences
Abp., Archbishop. B. V., The Blessed Virgin. D. V., Deo wienie (L.), God
A.C., ante Christum (L.J, before C, centum (L.), a hundred. willing.
Christ. C, or Cap., caput (L.), chapter. Dwt., denarius (L.), penny, and
Ace., or Acct., Account. C. A., Chartered Accountant. weightpennyweight.
A.D., anno Domini (h.), in the Cam., Camb., Cambridge.
year of our Lord. E., Eo5t.
Cantab., Cantabrigiensis (L.), of B.C., Eastern Central.
Adit., Adjutant.
Ad lib., or Ad libit., ad libitum Cap., Cambridge. K.C., Established Church.
(L.)t at pleasure. caput (L.), capital, chapter. EccL, Eccles., Ecclesiastical.
AS.t or ASt,t aUatis (L.), of age, Caps., Capitals.
Capt., Captain. Ed., Editor, Edition.
aged. Edin., Edinburgh.
A.H., anno Hegirat (L.), in the C.B., Companion of the Bath. E.E., Errors
C.E., Civil Engineer. excepted.
rear of the Hegira, or flight of Cent., centum (L.), u hundred. e.g., exempli gratid (L.), for
example.
Artittm Magistcr (L.) Cf., confer (L.j, compare.
Ch., Church, Chapter. E.I., East Indies.
r of Arts. Emp., Emperor, Empress.
, ante meridiem (L.), before Chap., Chapter.
Chris.. Charles. Ency., Encyc, Encyclopaedia.
Clk Clerk. E.N.E., East-north-east.
A.M., anno mundi (L.), in the CM., Certificated master. E.S.E., East-south-east.
year of the world. CM., Common metre. Esq., Esqr., Esquire.
Anon., Anonymous. Esqs.,
CM., Chirvrgiw Magister (L.), et at. , et alibi (L.)Esqrs., Esquires.
Ant., or Antiq., Antiquities. and elsewhere.
App.t Appendix. Master in Surgery. ft al., et alii or alia (L.), and
A . A'., anno regni (L.), in the year Col., Colonel, Column.
Collog., Colloquially. others.
of the reign. Con., contra (L.), against. etc., $c, et cecteri, catera, or
A.li.A , Associate of the Royal Con. Cr., Contra credit. caAera (L.), and others, and so
Academy.
A.R.H.A., Associate of the Royal Cor. Contr., Contracted, Contraction. et forth. teq., et sequentes or sequentia
Hibernian Academy. Mem., Corresponding Mem (L.), and the following.
A.R.R., anno regni regis or ber.Oar. Scc.t Corresponding Ex., Example, Exception,
regina (L.), in the year of the Cr.,Secretary.
Credit, Creditor. .v O.E , Errors and <
king's or queen's reign. excepted.
A.R.S.A., Associate of the Royal Crim. con., Criminal conversa Fahr., Fahrenheit.
tion, or adultery.
Scottish Academy. of Session, Clerk to F.A.S., Fellow of the Society of
A.R.S.8., Antiquarionim Regiat CS.theCourt Arts.
Societatis Socius (L.), Fellow C.S.L,Signet.
of the Royal Society of Anti India.Companion of the Star of F.B.S.E., Fellow of the Botanical
Society of Edinburgh.
quaries. Ct., centum (L.), a hundred. F.C, Free Church of Scotland.
A.8., Anglo-Saxon. C.T., Certificated teacher. Fcp.f Foolscap.
Asst., Assistant. Curt., Currentthis month. F.D., Fidei Defensor (L.), De
A.U.C., anno urbis conditw, or Cur., Cirf., centum (L.), a hundred, and fender of the Faith.
ab urbe conditd (L.), in the year weighta hundredweight. Fee, fecit (L.), he did It.
from the building of the city- Oyc.t Cyclopaedia. F.E.I.S., Fellow of the Educa
Rome. tional Institute of Scotland.
A. V., Authorised rersion. d., Died. F.E.S., Fellow of the Entomo
6., Born. </., denarius or denarii (L. , a logical Society.
penny or pence.
S.A., Bachelor of Art*. See A.B. D.C.L.,
Bart., or Bt., Baronet. Doctor ofCivil (or Canon) F.E.8., Fellow of the Ethnolo
gical Society.
B. C., Before Christ. Law. F.G.S., Fellow of the Geological
B.C.L., Bachelor of Civil Law. D.D., Divinitalis Doctor (L.), Society.
Doctor of Divinity. F.U.S., Fellow of the Horticul
B.D., Bachelor of Divinity. Deft., Defendant. tural Society.
Beds., Bedfordshire. Beg., Degree, Degrees. Ftff t Figure, Figurativelv.
Berks., Berkshire. D.F., Dean of the Faculty, F.L.S., Fellow of the "
B.L., Bachelor of Laws. Defender of the Faith. Society.
/'././.., Baccalaurcus Legum (L.)( D.G., Dei gratia (L.J, by the F.M., Field-marshal.
Bachelor of Laws. grace of God. Fo.. FoL, Folio.
B.M., Baccalaureus Medicince D.Lit., Doctor of Literature F.O., Field-officer.
(L.), Bachelor of Medicine. D.L.Q., Dead-letter Office. F,P.t Fire-plug,
586
 List of Abbreviations.
F.P.S., Fellow ofthe Philological Jl.s.lf., His or Her Serene High M., Mnrried. mille (L.)t a thousand,
Society. ness ffistoria Societatis Socius m.,
F.R.A.8, Follow of the Royal (L.), Fellow of the Historical Mad., Master
H.S.S., M.A., of Arts.
Madm., Madam.
Astronomical Society. Maj'., Major.
F.R.C.P., Fellow of the Eoyal Society. Mnrq., Marquis.
College of Preceptors.
F.R.C.P.E., Fellow of the Royal Ib.,same Ibid., ibidem (L.), in the M.B., Medtcina Bacealaureus
(L.), Bachelor of Medicine.
College of Physicians, Edin Id., idemplace. (L.), the same. M.B., Mustea Bacealaureus (L.)f
burgh. i.e., idett (L.), that is.
F.R.C.S., Fellow of the Royal LH.S., Jesus Homimtm Salcator M.D., Medicinal Bachelor of Music
College of Surgeons. Doctor (L.),
(L.),
F.R.C.8.E., Fellow of the Royal Imp., Imperial. Jesus the Saviour of Men. Doctor of Medicine.
CollegeofSurgeons,Edinburgh. Imp., imperator (L.), emperor. Mdtle., Mademoiselle (Fr.), Miss.
F.R.C.S.I., Fellow of the Royal Incog., incognito (It.), unknown. M.E., Most Excellent.
College of Surgeons, Ireland. In am., in limine (L.), at the Mem., Mem.,
Memorandum.
memento (L.), remember.
F.R.C.SL., Fellow of the Royal outset.
College of Surgeons, London. In loc, in loco (L.), In Its place. Messrs, Gentleman.
Messieurs (Fr.), Sirs,
F.R.G.8., Fellow of tho Royal Inst.,Instantthepresentmonth M.H.S., Member of the His
Geographical Society.
F.R.S., Fellow of the Royal Inthetrans., passage.
in transitu (L.)> or. torical Society.
Mile., Mademo\selle (Fr.), MUs.
Society. IO.U., I owe yon. MM., Their Majesties.
F.R.S.E., Fellow of the Royal /.P.D., in profsentia Dominorum MM., Messieurs (Fr.), Gentlemen
Society, Edinburgh. (L.), in presence of the Lords or Sirs.
F.R.8.L\, Fellow of the Royal (of Session). Mine., Madame (Fr.), Madam.
Society of Literature.
F.RS.L., Fellow of tho Royal i.q., idem quod (L.), the same as. M.N.8., malical
Member of tho Numis-
Society.
Society, London.
F.S.A., Fellow of the Society J.H.S., (L.),
Jesus Homimtm Salvator Mons., Monsieur
Jesus the Saviour of M.P., Member
(Fr.), Mr or Sir.
of Purliament.
of Arts, or of Antiquaries.
F.8.A.Scot., Fellow of the Jno., John.
J.P., Justice of the Peace.
M.P.S., Member of the Philo
logical Society.
Society of Antiquaries of Jr., Junr., Junior. M.P.S., Member of the Pharma
Scotland. ceutical Society.
F.S.S., Fellow of the Statistical K B., Knight of the Bath. Mr, Master or Mister.
Society. K.B., King's Bench. M.R.A.S., Member of the Royal
Ft., Foot, Feet, Fort. K.C.B., Knight Commander of Asiatic Society.
F.T.C.D., Fellow of Trinity Col the Bath. M.R.A.8., Member of tho Royal
lege, Dublin. E.G., Knight of the Garter. Academy of Sciences.
F.Z.8., Fellow of the Zoological E.Q.C., Knight of the Grand M.R.C.C,
Society. Cross. Knight of tho Grand College ofMember
K.G.C.B.,
of the Royal
Chemistry.
O.A., General Assembly. Cross of the Bath. M.R.C.P., Member of the Royal
G.B , Great Britain. K.L.U., Knight of the Legion of MR.C.S., College of Preceptors.
G.C.B., Grand Cross of the Bath. Honour. Member of tho Royal
G.C.L.H., Grand Cross of the Knt Knight. College of Surgeons.
Legion of Honour. K.P., Knight of St Patrick. M.R.G.S., Member of the Royal
Gen., Gent., General. Kt. Knight. Geographical Society.
Gent., Gentleman, Gentlemen. E.T., Knight of the Thistle, M.R.I., Member of the Royal
G. P.O., General Post-office. Institution.
<!.}{., Gcorgius Rex (L.), George L.A.C., Licentiate of the Apo MIrish R.I.A , Member of the Royal
the King. thecaries' Company. Academy.
Lat., Latitude. Mrs, Mistress.
lb., libra (L.), a pound. M.R.S.L., Member of tho Royal
A., Hour. I.e., Lowercase (in printing). M.S., Society of Literature.
Hants., Hampshire. loco citato (L.), in the place sacredmemoriat sacrum (L.)
H.B.M., His or Her Britannic I.e.,cited. to the memory.
Majesty. L.C.B., Lord
H.C.M., His or Her Catholic L.C.J., Lord Chief-justice. Chief-baron. MS., Manuscript.
Majesty. MSS., Manuscript*.
Bf. bd., Half-bonnd. Ld., Lord. Mt., Mts., Mount, Mountains.
H.G., Horse Guard". Lib., liber (L.), book. Mus., Music.
H.H., HI* or Her Highnos. Lieut., Lt., Lieutenant. Mus.B., Buchelor of Music.
U.H., His Holinessthe Pope. Lit., Literally. Mus.D, Doc., Doct., Doctor of
LL.B.s
H.I.H., His or Her Imperial Bachelor of Laws. Legum Bacealaureus (L.), Music.
Highness. X.,
LL.D.,
U.J.8., hie jacet sepultus (L.), Doctor of Laws.
here lies buried.
Legum Doctor (L.), N.B.,North.
North Britain,
H.M., His or Her Majesty. Lon., Long., Longitude. N.B., nota bene (L.), note well,
H.M.P., hoc monumentttm posutt Iao., loquitur (L.), speaks. or take notice.
(L.), erected this monnment. L.P., Lord Provost. tf.E., North-east.
H.M.S., Hit or Her Majesty's L.8, mi. con., tiemine eonlradi-
Ship or Service. L.8., Left
locusside.
sigilli (L.), place of Nem. c-nte (L.), no one contradicting.
diss., nemine dissentients
Hon., the sesL
H.R.H.,Honourable.
His or ner Royal L.s.d., pounds,
libra, solidi, denarii ,Xi.) yew
shillings, pence.
(L.), no one dissenting.
Test., New Testament.
Highness.
S.R.I. P., hie reguiescit in pace M., Monsieur (Fr.), Mister. N.&.E., Norih-north-east.
(L.), here rests In peace. N.NW.t North-north-west
587

Wo., numero (L.), number.
Won eon.. Non-content.
Won obat., non obstante L.\
notwithstanding.
Won proa., non prosequitur (L.)(
he does not prosecute.
Won seq., non sequilur (L.), it
does not follow.
Wos., Numbers.
Wotts., Nottinghamshire.
W.S., New StTle.
W.S.J.C., Wo'ster Salcator Jesus
Christus (L.)( our Saviour
Jesus Christ.
WT.t New Testament.
JVjr., North-west.
06., obiit (L.), died.
Obdt., Obedient.
O.M., Old measurement.
O.S., Old style.
0.7*., Old Testament.
Oxotu, Oxonia (L.), Oxford.
Oz.t Ounce.
P., Page.
Par., Paragraph.
P.B., Philosophic Baeealaureus
(L.), Bachelor of Philosophy.
P.C., Privy Councillor.
P.O., Patres Conscripti (L.),
Conscript Fathers,
P.D, Philosophies Doctor (L.),
Doctor of Philosophy.
Per an., per annum (L.), per
year; by the year.
Per cent., per centum (L.)t by
the hundred.'
Ph.B., Philosophic Baeealaureus
(L.), Bachelor of Philosophy.
Ph.D., Philosophies Doctor (I*.),
Doctor of Philosophy.
Phil. Ti ans., PhilosophicalTran
sactions.
Pinx., Pxt., pinxit (L.), he or
she painted.
P.M., post meridiem (L), after
noon.
P.O., Post-office.
P.O.O., Pout-office order.
Pop. , Population.
pp., Pages.
P.P.C., pour prendre conge"
(Fr.). to take leave.
P.R., Prize-ring.
P.R., Populus Romanus {h.\ the
Roman People.
P.R.A., President of the Royal
Academy.
Pres., President.
Pro/., Professor.
Pro tern., pro tempore (L.)f for
the time being.
Prox., proximo (L.), nest.
P.R.S., President of the Royal
Society.
P.S., post scriptum (L.), post
script, written after.
Pub. Doc., Public document.
Q.t Qu., Query, Question.
Q.B., Queen's Bench.
Q.C., Queen's Counsel.
588
List of Abbreviations.
Q.d., quasi dicat (L.), as if he
should say.
Q.e.,quad est (L.), which is.
Q.E.D., quod erat demonstran
dum (L.), which was to be
demonstrated.
Q.E.F,, quod erat faciendum
(L.), which was to be done.
Q.E.I., quod erat inveniendum
(L.), which was to be found out.
Qj.t quantum libet (L.), aa much
as you please.
Qr Quarter.
Q.S., Quarter Sessions.
Q.s., Quantum suff., quantum suf-
JUHt (L.), a sufficient quantity.
Q.c, quod vide (L.), which see.
R., rex, regina (L.), king, queen.
R., recipe (L.), take.
R.A., Royal Academy, Academi
cian, or Artillery.
R.C., Roman Catholic.
R.E., Royal Engineers.
Rcc, Recipe.
Reed., Received.
Recpt., Receipt.
Ref. Ch., Reformed Church.
Reg. Pro/., Regius Professor.
Regt., Regiment.
Retd., Returned.
Rev., Revd., Reverend.
Revs., Reverends.
R.H.A., Royal Horse Artillery.
R.H.G., Royal Horse Guards.
S.J/.,Royal Mail ; Royal Marines.
R.M.A., Royal Military Asylum.
R.N., Royal Navy.
Rom. Cath., Roman Catholic.
R.S.A., Royal Society of Anti
quaries ; Royal Scottish Aca
demy.
R.S.D., Royal Society of Dublin.
RS.E., Royal Society of Edin
burgh.
R.S.L., Royal Society of London.
R.S.S., Regia* Socictatis Socius
(L.), Fellow of the Royal
Society.
Rt,, Right.
Rt. Hon., Right Honourable.
Rt. Rev., Right Reverend.
Rt.W., Tf>/u/.,Right Worshipful
S., South.
S.A.S., Socictatis Antiquariorum
Socius (L.), Fellow of the
Society of Antiquaries.
S B., South Britain.
Sc., Soil., scilicet (L.)t to wit;
namely; being understood.
Sc., Sculp., Sculpt., sculpsit (L.),
he or she engraved it.
Sc. B., Scietitia> Baeealaureus (L.),
Bachelor of Science.
Sc.D., Scientice Doctor (L.J, Doc
tor of Science.
S.E., South-east.
Sec, Secy., Secretary.
Seq., seattentes or scquentia (L.),
tho following.
Serg., Serg*.; Serj. SerJ*.$ Ser
geant, Serjeant.
S.H.S., SoneiatisHistoriaSocius)
(L.), Fellow of the Historical
Society,
S.M.I., Sa Majestf Imperial*
(Fr.)f His or Her Imperial
Majesty.
S.M. Lond. Sac., Societatis Medi
cos Londiniensis Socius (I*.),
Member of the London Medical
Society.
Sbl.-Gen., Solicitor-general.
S.P.C.K., Society for the Promo
tion of Christian Knowledge.
S.P.G., Society for the Propa
gation of the Gospel.
S.P.Q.R., Senattts Populusqve
Romanus (L.), the Senate and
People of Rome.
Sq , Square.
S.R.S., Societatis Regiat Sarins
(L), Fellow of the Royal
Society.
S.S.C., Solicitor before the Su
preme Courts.
S.S.E., South-south-east.
S.S. TT., South-south-west.
St., Saint.
S.T.P., Sa.nct(r Theologian Pro
fessor (L.), Professor of Theol
ogy-
Sum. Gen., Surveyor-general.
S.v., sub voce (L.), under the
word or title.
S.fr., South-west.
Tal. anal., talis qualis (L.), Ju*t
as they come, average quantity.
Text Rec, The received text.
T.O., Turn over.
Tom., Tome or volume.
T.T.L., To take leave.
U.K., United Kingdom.
Ult., ultimo (L.), last.
U.P., United Presbyterian.
u.s., ut supra (L.), as above.
U.S., United States.
T.C., Vice-chancellor.
Ten., Venerable.
v.g., verbi gratia (L.), for ex
ample.
Vis., Vise, Viscount.
Viz., videlicet (L.), namely.
Vol., Vols., Volume, Volume*.
V.R., Victoria Regina (L.),
Queen Victoria.
TP., West.
W.C., Western Central.
W.W.W., West-north-west.
fTp., Wft., Worshipful.
W.S., Writer to the S^net.
W.W.t West-aouth-wcct.
X., Christ
Xm., Xnuis., Christmas
Xn.t Xtian,, Christian.
Xt., Christ.
Tr., Tear.
y, The, thee.
Tr., Your, younger.
 ETYMOLOGY OF NAMES OF PLACES, &c
ABRIDGED FROM CHAMBERS'S 'EXERCISES ON ETYMOLOGY.'
The following are the more important significant syllables or words that enter into
the composition of the names of rivers, mountains, towns, &c :
A, ay, ay, <a (A.S. ea, Norse er)an island : as Church, in the Saxon part of England ; Kirk in the
Faroe, Staff**, Cumbny, Bermondso', Putnry, -Danish and in Scotland ; as Church Siretton ;
Chelsea, the shingle island. AVrAcudbright, the church of St Cuthbert ;
A, aa, ey (A.S. and Norse)water ; as Greta. AVrby = church town,
dian)an abode ; as DowlatoAja*.
1 (India artta' (It.), Cindad (Sp.), Clvitaa (L.)a city: as
Aber (Welsh)a confluence of two waters; as Civita Vecchia, the old town ; Ciudad Rodrigo,
Aberdeen. the city of Roderick.
All (Gael.)white ; al-ian, white water; so the Clyd (Celt.), warm, ) as Clyde, Cluden, Chvyd,
rivers Alien, Ellen, AIn, Lune, Alhven, Elwin. Clyth (Celt.), strong, j Cloyd, &c.
Ard (Celt. ^high; as broach. An/glass, Ard- Coad (Celt.)a wood ; d/rwold Hills, C/tarmoss.
rossan, Dysar/, Lizard Point ; Arran Islands. Coin (L.)a colony ; as Lincoln, Cologne.
Arw (Celt.)violent, a rushing stream; Aire, Combe (Celt, and Sax.), Cwm (Welsh)a bowl-
Aar, Arro, Arrow, Arricge, Arvet Arveiron. shaped valley ; as Wycombe, Compton.
Ath (Irish)a ford ; as AtMonc. Craig, Carrick, Crag (Celt)a rock ; as Craigdu,
Auch (Gael.), Agh (Irish)a field; .^KfAinleck, Craigdorx, Crick, Cricklnde, Carrt'chfcrgus.
Aughrim. Dal or Dol (Celt.)a plain; as Dairy, the king's
Avon (Celt.)a river. It has many forms, as plain ; Z>oVkeith, DolgeWy.
Aune, Inn, Aven, Aff, Wan; ab, in Punjab, Dal and Dall (Teut.)a valley; as Dovcda/e,
the five rivers. Twccddale, Arundel, the Rhein-Ma/.
Bab (Ar.)a gate ; as Z?a-el-mandeb. Den or Dean (Teut.)a deep valley; as Tcndcr-
Bad (Teut.)a bath ; as Bath, Baden. den, SouthaVa*.
Bala (Celt.)the issue of a river from a lake ; as Dhn (Gael.)black ; as the DougX&s ; the rivers
Bala, Balloch. Z>*<las, Z>^Mlas, Dowlas, Digglcs ; Dublin, the
Bally (Irish), Vaila (Gael.)a village or town; as dark pool.
BaJlymore, a large village ; Balbriggan. Don or Dan (derivation not ascertained)water ;
Ban (Celt.)white, as Banna, Banon; Bann-ac- as the Don, Handon, Dane, Dun, Doon, Davon,
burn ; the rivers Ben, Bonn, Bane, Bain, Devon, Tyne, Teign, Tian, Teyn, Tone; so in
Bandon, Banney, &c. the Danube, Dniester, Z?icpcr, 7o*ais, Dottciz,
B*rrow' 1 A.S. burn, an earthwork, a place of DwiuA,
Borough, defence, a town. Barrow is usually Dour (Celt.)water; as the Dour, Adur, Dcurry,
Brough, to funeral mounds ; wrvisthc Dore, Thur, Doro, Adder, Derwcnt, Darwin,
Burg, r applied Dareni, Dart, Dordogne.
more usual form, as Sudbury a South- Drum
town, or Sutton. (Celt.)a ridge ; as Dromore, DunoVww.
Dun (Celt.)a hill-fortress; as Dunmore, Dum-
Back or Batch (Teut.)a brook ; as Hoibech, blane, >*keld, the fort of the Celts ; Dum
Snzilbatch. the swift brook. barton, the fort of the Britons ; Z>wdalk,
Bag (Celt.)little ; as Ballybeg, the little village. Z?gannon, Z>#stable, Dunmow.
Ban (Gael.), Pan (Welsh)a head ; hence, a moun Ecclas, Eglea (Fr. fglise, from Gr. eccUsia)a
tain ; as Pennigent, the hill in the plain ; Pen- church ; as Eccleston, Tcrrrgles (Dumfries] =
hill, /Vndleton, /Vwshtirst, /Vwtland ; the pen Kirklands.
of Eskdalcmuir, /Vwcraig, Apennines, Hindus, Eik (Gael, and Irish uisge, Welsh ivysg)a current ;
Ben Nevis, the snowy hill, &c. as the Esk, Usk,- Esky, Esker, Ajthwaite, fsr,
Berg, I A.S. beorh, a hill; as \ng\eborough, Easebum, Ashbourne, Is, /ris, Exe, Ux, Ouse,
Borough, f Quecns^rrry, Browy Hill. IVisk, \Vash, Wis, /sere, Aisne, A wjonne,
Bath (Heb.)a house ; as Bethel, house of God. Oise.
Blair (Gael.)a plain clearofwoods; as BlairAthole. Fell (Norse fjeld)* hill ; as Cartcr/W/,- Sna>/,
Bottle or Battla, Battel (Teut.)a dwelling; as the snowy mountain.
Hewbattle, Wolfenbattel. Fleet (Norse fleot, E. Jfood)a small river or
Broad (Teut.)Braddon, Bradsh&w, Bradford. channel, as Pur/feet ; in France it is Jleur, as
By (Norse Ayr)a single farm, then a village ; as Har/flcwr, anciently Harvo/friV.
KirkAy, xLlbctttf, Nether^yrw, NethcrAy. Folk (A.S.)people ; t&Norfolk, the north people ;
:r. Car (Welsh), or from L. castran. fortified Suffolk, the south people.
place ; as CVwrleon, the camp of the legion ; Garth (Norse)yard ; Oorod, Qrod, Orade, Grata
Cardiff. (Slav.), an enclosure ; hence, a town ; as Apple-
Cain (Celt.)white ; as the Ken, Kennet. garth, Fishguard, "Novgorod = Newton, Bel-
Cam (Celt.)crooked ; as Camlin, Cambeck, Cam- grade = Whitton, K.&nigsgrat* = Kingston.
buskenneth. Oarer (Celt.)rough ; hence Garry, Garonne,
Caster, Chester, Carterfrom L. caslra, a camp ; Varrow.
as iyoncasler, Winchester, "Leicester, Gate, Ghauta passage or road ; as Canongate,
Cant (Welsh)a back, the chine; common in Weigate = Kidgegate, Gatton, Cattegat, the
Wales ; Chevin, Keynton, Chevington, Cheviot; Ghauts in India.
Cevennes, Cape Chien, Glen (Gael.), Glyn (Welsh)a narrow valley; as
Cheap and Chipping (A. S. crap)price, a market; G/enXyon, Glynnrath.
as Chipping--Norton, Chepstow, Cheapivde, Gorm (Gael.)blue ; as Cairnxwrn in Scotland,
Copenhagen, the haven of merchants. Ben Gorm in Ireland.
589
 Etymology of Names of Places, &a
Gwent (Celt)a plain; Latinised into venta, as Polls (Gr.)a city ; as Grenoble, Na&*tr, Naples.
Vcnta Belgarum (now IKmchester), Caerwent Pont (Welih and L.)a bridge ; as /V*/ypool,
in Wales, NanigXyn in Derby, Nantuates (now PonteSract.
Nantz), and Nanci in France. Poor and Pore (Indian)a city ; as "SagPore.
Qwy. See Wy. Has A r. )a cape ; Aaj-al-had.
Hall and Balla stone house ; as Coggcshall, Hath (Irish)a mound ; RathXxn.
Walra//; in Germany, a *a#-work, as Halle. Kbea root found in many languages, meaning to
Ham (A.S.), Ger. heima home; as Buckingham, run; Rhine, Phone, Khz, Reno, Rye, Ray,
HochA'/. Rhee, Wrey, Roe, Roe.
Hay, Halgha place surrounded by a hedge ; as Ridgein Scotland, rigg (A.S. hrycg, Ger. r&cke},
Rothwell Hatgk, the Hague. a back ; as Reigate, Rugeley, hongridgo, Lang-
Hithe (AS.)a wharf; as Hythe in Kent; Lam- rigg.
beth Loam-hithe, the muddy wharf. Hin (Celt.)a promontory; Rt'ns of Galloway;
Holm (Norse, &c.)an island in a lake or river, a Yesxrkyn in Wales.
plain near a river ; as SiocVJiolm ; \a\Aolm in Ross (Celt.)a promontory; Kinross, Melrvse,
the Severn. Rosencath.
Holt (Ger. hols)a wood ; as Bagskot, Aldzrshot, Scale (Norse)a shealing; Porting& and pos
Holstein. sibly Shields, Galashiels.
Horn (Teut,)a peak; as SchreclcA^rw, the peak Bear (Norse)a cliff ; Scarborough, the Sherries.
of terror. Set (A.S.) and SUr =e seter (Norse)a seat ; Dor-
Hurrt (A.S. hyrs/)a wood ; as "Lyndhurst. set, Ulster.
Tag (A.S.)an affix denoting son ; as Warri'/r.fton, SexSaxons : E&rrr, East Saxons ; Sus-rr-r, South
Haddi/r^ton. Saxons.
Innls or Ennis (Celt.)inch in Scotland, an island; Sierra (L. terra)a saw; or Ar. sekrak, an un
as Inchcolm, the island of St Columba ; Ennis- cultivated tract.
killen, Enntsmore, in Ireland. Sllevh (Irish)a mountain; Slievh Beg, the little
Inver (Gael.)the mouth of a river, a town at the mountain.
mouth of a river ; as Inverness. Southis found in Suffolk, Sussex. .S>Mamptanr
Kenn (Gael.), Kin (Irish)a head; as JtVwmore, 5*7/Mfrland, Sutton, Sudbury, Sudley.
Cawtire, A7aird ; Across, A7/:salc, AVmare, Stan (Pers.)aland: Hindustan.
Kent, Rennedon. Staple (A.S.)a store; Dunstable, Barnstaple.
Kil (Celt.), L. cellaa cell, chapel, of church ; as Stead (A.S.), Stadt (Ger.)a. town; Hampstead,
AY/conquhar, Fife, the chapel at the head (cean) Keustat/t.
of the fresh-water lake [iuchair], \co\mkult the Stoke and Stow (A.S.)a stockaded place ; Bristtmr,
island (I) of Columba of the church. or Bristol; Tavistock ; Stockholm.
Lax (Norse), Ger. lochsa salmon ; Loch Laxford Stonea stone, used as a boundary ; confounded
in Sutherland ; the Laxay in the Hebrides, in sometimes with ton ; Stanton, Godstone.
Cantirc. and in Man; Laxweir on the Shannon. Strath (Gael.)a broad valley ; Strathmoze,
Ley (A.S. leak)an open place in a wood ; Leigh- Stratheam.
ton, Wadleigh; Waterloo. Street (L. stratum)a Roman road; Stratford,
Linna water-fall; as Lynn Regis in Norfolk; Stratton, Streatbam.
Woslin, the promontory {ross) at the fall. Tain (Gael.)a river; the Tyne, probably a form
Lis (Celt.)a mound ; as Lismore. of Don or Dan.
Llan (Welih)an enclosure, a church; Z/mcdaff, Tam (Celt, tan)'spreading,' broad, still; the
the church on the TafF. Thamesis, the broad Isis ; the TemOy Tame,
Ueven (Celt.)smooth ; as the Leven; under Tamar, Teme ; Tay.
various forms, as Lyon, Loin, Leant, Line, Thorpe, Throp (Norse), Dorf (Ger.)a village;
Lane, Lain, and Lune; some of these may be Burnam Thorpe, HeythroP, TJusseldorf.
connected with Linn. Toft (Dan.)an enclosure ; Lowes/^/j?.
Low and Law (A.S. hlaw)a rising ground ; Toa (A.S.)an enclosure; hence, a village ; the
Hounds/ore, "Ludlow, and the numerous laws in most common of English local names.
Scotland. This word is allied to L. ctivus, a Tor (Celt.)found in L. turris, a tower-Uke rock ;
slope, either up or down ; so that law, a hill, the Tors in Derby and Devon ; Mount Taurus,
may be from the same root as low. Tre (Welsh)a place or dwelling ; Oswesrrr,
Magh (Celt.)a plain; Armagh, Maynootb. TVrtown, Uchil/r*, the high dwelling.
Mark or Marcha boundary ; as Denmark. Uchel (WelstOhigh ; uachier (Gael.), a height ;
Mere, Moor (A.S.)a lake or marsh; Mersey, the Ochil Hills, A uchteraxder.
Black/m?rv. Wallfound in many names of places on the
Mor (Celt.)great ; Benmore, the great mountain. Roman Wall from Newcastle to Carlisle; as
Mor (Celt,)the sea ; as Moray, Armorica, Gla JfW/send, Wn//head.
morgan, Pomrrania. Well, VUle (Ger. weiler, L. villa)an abode :
Mull (Gael.)a headland ; as Mull of Galloway. Tankerr'/V/e, Kettlewell, Bradwell, Max-zvr/fton.
Hess or Naze (Norse)a nose or promontory ; Wick, Wich (A.S. vie, Norse, vik)with the
Caith*r.r, Sheerr, Cape Gristles; the Naze. Anglo-Saxons, a village ; with the Norse, a bay
Old, Eld, Alt (Teut.)old; as Althorp, Elton, or creek ; Alnwick, SandWcA.
Ellbum, Aldbury, Abury. Wood. Wold, Weald (Ger. waJdV-a wood; Walt-
Fatam (Indian)a city ; Seringn/Waw. ham, IValdcn, the Cotswolds; Schwartnewi/,
Peak, Pikeconnected with the Ger. spits, the Fr. the Black Forest.
fiic and pny ; the Peak in Derby; the Pikes in Worth (A.S. weorthig)an enclosure ; Tamworth,
Cumberland ; *S"/i/bergcn ; Pic du Midi, Puy on the Tame.
de Dome. Wy or Qwy (Welsh)water; the Wye ; used as aa
Peel (Celt.)a stronghold; as'Peel la Man; and affix to many streams, as Garawor, Conway,
the numerous pceU in Scotland. t\edwayt Solway.
59
 PRONOUNCING VOCABULARY OF SCRIPTURE
PROPER NAMES.
[This vocabulary contains all common Scripture Names except monosyllables and dissyllables, th
latter being always accented fen the first eyllablc. C and ch have the sound of *, except when marked
9, to indicate the sound of .']
A-bad'don. An'a,-idm. Bar'sa-bas. Cy-re'nl-us. EQ-rocly-don.
Ab'a-na. A-natn'e-lech. Bar-thol'o-mew. Eu'ty-chus.
Ab'a-rlm. An-A-nTa*. Bar-ti-mg'ua. Dal-ma-nQ'tba. E-vil-me-ro'dach.
A-bod'ne-go. An'a-thoth. Bar-zil'la-T. Dal-ma ti-a ('ahi). Ex'o-dua.
A-bel-Me-ho'lath. An-dro-iU'cus. Bath'she-ba. Dam'a-ria. E-ze'ki-el.
An'ti-octa.
A-bel-Miz'ra-im 'An'ti-pa*. Be-el'ze-bub. Da maa'cus. E-zi-on-gi'ber.
Be-cr-la-hai'roi. Ban'i-el.
A-bel-Shlt'tim. An-tip'a-trii. Be-e'roth. Da-rl'us. For-tu-na'tas.
A-Wa. A-pel'le* fl6z). Be/et-ahe-ba. Deb'o-rah.
A-bl'a-thar. Ap^ol-lfl'ui-a. Bo'he-moth. De-cap'o-lls. Gab'ba-tha.
A-bi-'zer. A-pol'loa, BiS'U-al. Del'i-lab. Ga'bri-el.
AVi-gail. A-pol'ly-on. Bel-shaz'zar. De-me'tri-us. Gad-a-r6nes'[-r6nz')
A-bVhu. Ap'pl-I Fo'riun. Bel-te-shaz'zar. DT-a'na, or Dl-an'a.
A-M'Jah. ' Aq'ui-Ia. Be-na'iah fya). Dl-o-nya'i-uii(nizh') Ga-la'ti-a Ga\'e-ed.
(-la'abi-a).
A-bl'jam. A-rabi-an. Ben-haMaa. DT-ot're-phs (-fez). Gal-i-16'an,
e,b-i-le'ne.f Ar'a-rat, Een'ja-min. DrQ-ell'la. Gal'l-lee.
A-blm'e-lc'ch. A-rau'nah. Be-re'a. Gal'li-o.
A-bin'a-dab. Ar-che-ia'us. Ber-nVce. Ga-ma'U-el.
A-Wrani Are-tu'ros. Be-ro'dach-bal'adan E-bed-mC'lech. Ged-a-U'ah.
Ab'i-thafr. Ar-c-op'a-gUB. Bcth-ab'a-ra, Eb-eu-'zer. Ge-de'roth.
A-biah'a-n. Ar'e-taa. Beth'a-ny. E'tlom-Tte. Ge-ha'zT.
A'bra-ham. A'ri-el. Belh-ar'bel. Ed're-I. Gem-a-rrah.
Ab'sa-lom. Ar-i-ma-thg'a. Beth-a'ven. E-le-a'leb. Ge-nea'a-reth.
A-ccl'dt-ma. A'ri-och. Be-tbet'da (-thez'). E-le-u'zar. Gen'e-sia (jenl.
A-chi'lk ('ya). Ar-ls-tar'ehnfl. Beth-ho'ron. El-e-16'he-Is-ra-el Ger-ge-f6neVl-eSnzO.
A-dI'n6. Ar-Ifi-to-bu'lcs. Bethle-hem. El-ha'nan. Ger'i-zim.
A-don/i-bc'zek. Beth-ma'a-chah.
Ar-ma-ged'don. Beth-pe'or. E-ltab. Geth-sem'a-nc.
Ad-o-fcl'Jah. Ar-mC'nl-a. Beth'pha-gS. E-lT'a-klm. Gib'be-thon.
Ad-onI'ram. Ar'o-er. Beth-pai'da. E-lI'a-ahib. Gib'e-ah.
A-dom-i-z6'dek. Ar'te-mas. Beth-nhc'mesh. E-li-6'zcr. Gib'-e-on.
A-dtam'me-iech. A-ru'mah. Be-tha'el. E-irhO. Gideon.
Ad- ra-myt'tl-um As'a-hel. Be-zal'e-el. E-lTjah. Gil-boa, or GilTw-*-
A'dri-a. As'e-nath. Bi-thyn'i-a. E-lim'e-lcch. Gil'e-ad.
A'dfi-el. Aah'ke-naz. B5-a-ner'gea ('JCz). El'i-ptaaz. Gir'ga-Bhlte.
A-dlul'lam. Aah'ta-roth. Gol'go-tha.
Ae/ja-bus. A'si-a (a'shi-a). Ca'ia-phaa (-ya-fas). E-lI'tha.
E-lish'e-ba. Go-lT'ath.
A-arip'pn. As'ke-lon. Cal'Ta-ry. El'ka-nah. Go-mor'rah.
A-nbs-u-e'rus. As-atr'i-a. Ca'naan-lte. El'la-Bar.
A-na-zfah. Ath-a-ll'ab. Can'da-ce. El'na-thaD. HaVak-kak.
A-l'jah. Ai-ta-lT'a. Ca-per'na-um. E-10'i. Hach'i-lnh.
A -nim'a-az. AU-gUS'tQ9. Cap-pa-do'cl-a ('ahi) Ery-maa. Ilad-ad-e'zer.
Ai-him'e-lech. Az-a-iTab. Car'che-mtoh. Em raa-us. Ha-dad-rim'mon.
Avhin'o-am. A-zo tua. Cen'cbre-a (sen') K'ne-aa. Ha-gar-enes't-SniO
AVhith'o-phcl. Cea-a-re'a (*ea-) En-efr-la'im.
A-Wtnb. Ba'al-ah. Chal-d6'an. Ha-nan'e-l.
A-hSH-ab. Ba-al-bC-'rlth. Cheti-or-liVo-iner. Kn-g6'dl.
Eu-r6'^el. Han'a-nl.
Ahol'i-bah. Bilal-gnd. Chem'a-rims. Ep'a-phras. Han-a-nl'ab.
Aj'a-lon. Bi-al-ha'zor. Cher'elh-Tien. E-paph-ro-dl'tUf. Ha-rd'slieth.
Al-ex-an'dri-fl. Ba-al-hei'mon. Chin'ne-reth. Eph'fr-sua. Hav'i-iah.
Al-phaVus (-fe'). Ba-al-mC on. Cho-ra'zin. E'phra-im. lia-Toth-ja'lr.
Al-tas'chith. Ba-al-p'or. Chft-fhan-rish-a- Eph'ra-tah. Haz'a-el.
Ajn'a-lfk-Uc. BA-al-per'a-zim. tba'im. Ep-icfl-r6'ans. Heph'zlbah.
Akn'a-na. Ba-al-ohuli-sha. Ci-li'ci-a(ni-lish'i-a) E-raa'tas. Iler-mog'e-nga
AWa-sa, or Ba-l-ta'mar. Cln'ne-roih (in'). E-f>ur-had'don (-moj'e-n6).
A-ma>a. Ba-al-zfi'bub. CTan'dl a. He-rd'di-ans.
Am-a-zTab. BtVut-ze'pbon. Clau'dl-na* Ea-drft'lon. Ile-r6'di-a.
A-min'a-dib. B.Va-aha. C16'o-phaS. Evb'ta-ol* He-r6'di-on,
Am'mon-llc. Baby-Ion. Co-loa'ae. E-thi-o'pi-a. Hez-e-kl'ah.
Am'o-rlte. Ba-hO'rim. Co-nTah. Ku-nl'ce. Hid'de-kel.
\m-phip'o-lls. Ba-rab'baa, Cor-n*5'U-na. EQ-O'dl-as. HT-o-rap'o-lia.
" n'ra-phel. Bar'ua-baa. Cy-rt'na (al-). Eu-phra'ics ('tcz). Hig-ga'ion I'yon).
591
 Pronouncing Vocabulary of >
Hil-kl'ah. KIr-he'res. Mor'de-cai. Bftfa-ter.
IIo-she'a. Klr-Jath-a'im. Mo-rT'ah. jW^ip'a-ter.
Hy-me-ne us. Kir-jath-ar'ba, My'si-a (mizh'i-a). htj-nes (-nC-z).
Kir-jath-taQ'zoth. a-iias.
Ich'a-bod. Kir-jatb-je'a-rim, Na'a-man. i-ims (-Imz).
I-co'ni-um. Na'ioih ('yothj. 'na.
Id-u-me'a. La-hat'rof. Na'o-mT. Sy-*ne.
li-lyr'i-cum. La-od-i-^fi'a. Naph'ta-ll. clu".
Im-man'u-cl. La-sc'a. Na-than'a-el. 'in Clse.
I-sa'iah (I-zu'ya). Laz'a-rua, Naz-a-rene'.
la-car'l-ot. Leb'a-non. Naz'a-reth. " e-nl'd-an
Ish-bo'eheth. Leb-WS'us. Naz'a-rlte. Ra'a-mah. ;-ni*Vi-an),
I-h'riKi-ti. Lem'fl-el. Ne-ap'o-lis. Ra-am'sc**
Jsh'ma-el-Tte. Le-vra-tban. Ne-ba'ioth ('yoth). Itab'sha-kal
Is'ra-el (iz'). Neb-u-cbad-nez'zar. Ra-gu'el. V
Lib'er-tinea (-tinz). Neb-u-zar-a'dan.
Is'ra-eMte {iz'). Lib'y-a. Ra-math-a'lat
Is'na-char. Lo-am'ml. Neg'i-noth. Ka-niath-le'kl - i-T.Vl).
Ith'a-mar. Lo-rQ'ha-mah. Ne-he-ml'ab. lla-me'ses ('tzV
Ra-moth-gilf
lt'ta-l. Lu'ci-fer. N6'hi-loth.
It-u-re'a. Lu'ci-us (lu'shi-us). Ne-hush'tan. He-bck'ah.
Lyc-a-O'ni-a. Neth'i-nims. Be'cbab-ltes.
M-ca'nor.
L/ci-a (lish'i-a). Ntc-o-d5'mus.
Ju-besh-gil'e-ad. Lyd'i-a. Kc-ho-bo'am.
Jab'ne-el. Rc-bo'both.
Ja-T'rus. Ly-sa'ni-as. Nic-o-la'i-tans. Reph'a-im.
/eb'ii-slte. Ly'i-as (liah'i-asj. Nic'o-las.
Nl-cop'o-Us.
Rcph/i-dim.
Kb6'gi-nm (re'j:
-Jec-o-nl'ah. Nin'e-veh.
Jeu'u-tbun. Ma'a-cab. Sab'a-oth, or
Jo-gar-pa-ha-dti'tha Macj-e-do'ni-a, Ob-a-dfah. Sa-ba'oth.
Je-ho'a-haz. SJach-pe'lah. Sa-bc'ans.
Je-ho'ash. Mag'da-la, - O-bed-e'dom, Sad'du-cees (-scz).
Je-boi'a-cMn. Ma'ha-lath. O'me-ga. Sal'a-mis.
Je-hoi'a-da. Ma-ha-nu'im. O-nes'i-mus. Sal-mo'ne.
Je-hoi'a-kim. Mu-hcr-Bhal-al- On-e-Riph'o-rus. Sa-ma'ri-a.
Je-hon'a-dab. hash'baz. O-rron. Sa.mar'i-tan.
Je-hu'ram. Mak-be*'dah, Oth'ni-el. Sam-o-thra'ci-a
Je-hosh'a-phat. Mal'a-chT. (-thra'sbi-a).
Je-hosh'e-ba. 3Ian'a-en. Pa-dan-a'ram. Sam'u-el.
.Ie-ho-vah-jl'reh. Ma-nas'seh. Pal'es-tlne. San-bal'lat.
Je-ho-vah-nis'al. Ma-n5'ah. Pam-phyl'l-a, Sap-pbrra (saf-fi").
Je-hu-vah-Bha'lom. Mar-a-nath'a, Par'me-nas, Sa-rep'ta.
Jcr-e-mrah. Ma-re'shah. Par'thi-ans. Scytb'i-an (sith').
Jer'i-chd. Mat-ta-nl'ab. Par-va'im. Se-cun'dua.
Jcr-o-bo'am. Mat-tM'as
MazJza-rotb. (math-). Pat'a-ra. Se-leu'ci-a (-8bi-a). i'v .
.Ie-rub'ba-al. Pek-a-hl'ah, Sen-nacb'e-rib.
*T-ru'sa-lem. Med'e-ba. Pel-a-tl'ah. Seph'a-rad.
Jesb'i-mon. Me-gid'do, PS'leth-Itcs. Seph-ar-va'im.
Jesb'Q-run. Mel-chiz'e-dek, Pe-nrel. Ser-a-I'ah.
Jez'e-bel. Mel'i-ta. Po-nQ'el. Ser'gi-us ('jl-J. U-rT>a
Jez're-el. Men'a-hem. Per'a-zlm. Shal'i-sha. Uz-tr*
Jo-an'na. Me-phib'o-sheth. Pe-rez-uz'zah. Shal-ma-n5'aer('zer) Zac-cb'
Jocb'e-bed, Mer'a-rT. Per'ga-mos. Sha-rS'zer. Zach-a
Jo-ba'nan. Mer-a-tha'im, Per'iz-zlte. Sbem-a-I'ah. Zach-a
Jon'a-dab. Mer'i-bah. PcrVi-a (per'sM-a). Shem'i-nith. Zal-mu:?;-
Jon'a-than. Jle-ro-dach-bal'a- Phalli-el. Shcph-a-tT'ah. Zam-zuaMlt
JoBb'Q-a. dan. Pha-raoh-hoph'ra. Shcsh-baz'zar. Zar'e-pbflK
Jo-sT'ab. Mes-o-po-ta'mi-a. (fa'ro, or f&'ra-o). Shc'thar-boz'na-I. Zar'e-tan .
Joz'a-char. Mes-sl'ah. Pba-raob-nu'cbob. SbibTjo-leth. Zcb'c-decu
Ju-dii'a. Me-theg-am'mah. Phar'i-sce. Sliig-ga'ion (-yun). Ze-bO'lm. '
JQ'li-un. Me-thQ'se-lah. Phe-nl^e. Shim'e-I. Zeb'Q-lun.
JQ'pi-ter. MT-ci'iah fya). Phe-nic'i-a f-nish'). Slio-Bhan'nlm. Zech-a-rrA,
Hfcba-eL Phll-a-del'ptai-a. Shu'lam-Ite. Zed-e-kl'att,
Kad'mon-Ttes. Ml-cba'iah ('ya). Phl-le'mon. Si-10'aro, or Sil'o-am Zfr-16'phe-hfc J
Kcd'c-moth. Mid'i-an-Ite. Phl-lG'tus. Sil-va'nus. Zem-a-ra'im.
Ken'niz-zltes. MMG'tus. Phi-lip'pl. Sim'e-oo. Zeph-a-nfah.
KS'ri-oth. Jlir'i-ara. Phi-lis'tlne ('tin). Sir'i-on. Zeph'a-thah.
Ke-tQ'rah. Mit-y-le'ne. Phin'e-as. Sis'e-ra. Ze-rnb'ba-beU
Kib-rotb-bat-ta'a- Miz'ra-im, Phryg'i-a (fry), Sod'om-ltei, Zer-fl-I'ah.
vah. Mo'ab-Ite,. Pl-ha-hl'roih. Sol'0-moa. Zip-po'mh.
592

Edinburgh : Printed by W. and R, Chanibtn.

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