Unit 4: Integration and Its Applications

Introduction

Mathematics 53

Institute of Mathematics - UP Diliman

7 February 2013

Math 53 (Unit 4) Integration and Applications 7 February 2013 1 / 7

Unit 4: Integration and Its Applications

Math 53 (Unit 4) Integration and Applications 7 February 2013 2 / 7

Unit 4: Integration and Its Applications

Units 1-3:
Differential Calculus (Derivatives and Differentiation)

Math 53 (Unit 4) Integration and Applications 7 February 2013 2 / 7

Unit 4: Integration and Its Applications

Units 1-3:
Differential Calculus (Derivatives and Differentiation)

Unit 4:
Integral Calculus (Integrals and Antidifferentiation)

Math 53 (Unit 4) Integration and Applications 7 February 2013 2 / 7

Part 4: Integration and Its Applications

1 Antiderivatives or Indefinite Integrals

2 The Definite Integral

3 The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus

4 Applications of Integration

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The Area Problem
PROBLEM: Find the area of a region R bounded above by a curve with equation
y = F (x), the x-axis and the vertical lines x = a and x = b.

Math 53 (Unit 4) Integration and Applications 7 February 2013 4 / 7

The Area Problem
Use a method similar to the Method of Exhaustion used by the Greeks to find
the area of shapes with curved boundaries such as the circle.

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The Area Problem
Illustration:

The area of the triangle under the curve f (x) = 2x in the interval [0, x] is a
function of x

Math 53 (Unit 4) Integration and Applications 7 February 2013 6 / 7

The Area Problem
Illustration:

The area of the triangle under the curve f (x) = 2x in the interval [0, x] is a
function of x
1
F (x) = x 2x = x2
2

Math 53 (Unit 4) Integration and Applications 7 February 2013 6 / 7

The Area Problem

The area of the triangle under the curve f (x) = 2x in the interval [0, x]:

F (x) = x2

Math 53 (Unit 4) Integration and Applications 7 February 2013 7 / 7

The Area Problem

The area of the triangle under the curve f (x) = 2x in the interval [0, x]:

F (x) = x2

Can you find a relationship between the function defining the curve f (x) = 2x
and the area function F (x) = x2 ?

Math 53 (Unit 4) Integration and Applications 7 February 2013 7 / 7

The Area Problem

The area of the triangle under the curve f (x) = 2x in the interval [0, x]:

F (x) = x2

Can you find a relationship between the function defining the curve f (x) = 2x
and the area function F (x) = x2 ?

F 0 (x) = f (x)

Math 53 (Unit 4) Integration and Applications 7 February 2013 7 / 7

The Area Problem

The area of the triangle under the curve f (x) = 2x in the interval [0, x]:

F (x) = x2

Can you find a relationship between the function defining the curve f (x) = 2x
and the area function F (x) = x2 ?

F 0 (x) = f (x)

The derivative of the area function is the function defining the curve!

Math 53 (Unit 4) Integration and Applications 7 February 2013 7 / 7