petroleum consumer

resources products

upstream midstream downstream

the three sectors of

exploration
appraisal transportation of raw
refining and
processing
transportation of
petroleum value chain
development commodity (usually

products
production pipeline or ship) retail sales of
abandonment
products

2
3
 seismic survey
high intensity sound discharges
physical presence of the vessel
waste discharges
ballast water discharges
hydrocarbon or chemical spills

3
 seismic survey exploration drilling
high intensity sound discharges noise emissions
physical presence of the vessel physical presence of the drill rig
waste discharges light emissions
ballast water discharges drilling waste discharges
hydrocarbon or chemical spills turbidity
burial or smothering effect
toxicity
bio-accumulation

3
 seismic survey exploration drilling
high intensity sound discharges noise emissions
physical presence of the vessel physical presence of the drill rig
waste discharges light emissions
ballast water discharges drilling waste discharges
hydrocarbon or chemical spills turbidity
burial or smothering effect
toxicity
bio-accumulation

field development
offshore facility construction
noise
location disturbance
pipe laying
longterm smothering and barrier
effects
pipeline corrosion

3
 seismic survey exploration drilling
high intensity sound discharges noise emissions
physical presence of the vessel physical presence of the drill rig
waste discharges light emissions
ballast water discharges drilling waste discharges
hydrocarbon or chemical spills turbidity
burial or smothering effect
toxicity
bio-accumulation

field development
offshore facility construction
noise operation/production
location disturbance physical presence of the platform
pipe laying physical artificial reef habitat
longterm smothering and barrier light emissions
effects production operations
pipeline corrosion noise emissions
produced formation water
disposal
other waste disposal
atmospheric emissions
subsidence
hydrocarbon or chemical spills

3
 seismic survey exploration drilling
high intensity sound discharges noise emissions
physical presence of the vessel physical presence of the drill rig
waste discharges light emissions
ballast water discharges drilling waste discharges
hydrocarbon or chemical spills turbidity
burial or smothering effect
toxicity
bio-accumulation

field development
offshore facility construction
noise operation/production
location disturbance physical presence of the platform
pipe laying physical artificial reef habitat
longterm smothering and barrier light emissions
effects production operations
pipeline corrosion noise emissions
produced formation water
disposal
other waste disposal
decommissioning atmospheric emissions
removal of structures subsidence
waste disposal hydrocarbon or chemical spills
beneficial impacts and recycling
3
 human, socio-economic and cultural impacts
land-use patterns
local population levels
local production levels
socio-economic systems
socio-cultural systems
availability of, and access to, goods and services
planning strategies
aesthetics
transportation

4
 atmospheric impacts
flaring, venting and purging gases
combustion processes
fugitive gases
airborne particles
particulates

5
 aquatic impacts
produced water
drilling fluids, cuttings and well treatment
chemicals
process, wash and drainage water
sewerage, sanitary and domestic wastes
cooling water

6
 terrestrial impacts
physical disturbance
contamination
indirect impact

7
ecosystem impacts

8
 potential emergencies
spillage
well blowout
explosions
fires
unplanned plant upset and shutdown events
natural disasters and their implications
war and sabotage

9
environmental protection
policies and requirements

10


11
12
regulatory framework, institutional
factors and infrastructure

12
regulatory framework, institutional
factors and infrastructure

environmental management

12
 regulatory framework, institutional
factors and infrastructure

environmental management

operational practices and procedures

12
 regulatory framework, institutional
factors and infrastructure

environmental management

operational practices and procedures

environmental protection measures

12
regulatory framework, institutional
factors and infrastructure

13
 regulatory framework, institutional
factors and infrastructure

international and regional frameworks

Montreal Protocol of the Vienna Convention
Basel Convention
Convention of Migratory Species
Framework Convention on Climate Change
Biodiversity Convention
UN Law of the Sea
MARPOL
ASEAN framework(s)?

13
regulatory framework, institutional
factors and infrastructure

14
 regulatory framework, institutional
factors and infrastructure

national frameworks
common legislation
planning laws
environmental protection laws
environmental impact assessment
clean air and water laws
water catchment protection
marine pollution
standards for noise, radiation, chemical exposure
integrated pollution control
discharge and management of wastes
land contamination or land disturbance
permitted chemicals
safety and fire regulations
control of major hazards
storage and usage of chemicals
public and worker health and safety
national park or protected area laws
forest protection laws
protection of indigenous and cultural heritage
fishery protection, marine navigation and safety
14
regulatory framework, institutional
factors and infrastructure

15
 regulatory framework, institutional
factors and infrastructure

national frameworks
infrastructure needed for environmental protection
policy formulation and regulations
baseline environmental surveys
assessment and approvals
inspection, monitoring and enforcement
services
emergency responses
logistics and transportation
external supplies/services
training institutions

15
environmental management

16
 environmental management

systematically integrates environmental issues into business decisions through

use of formal management systems
integrates health, safety and environmental management into a single
programme
considers all environmental components in decision-making at strategic and
operational levels
prevents waste at its source through pollution prevention techniques and making
maximum re-use of waste components, rather than installing expensive treatment
for discharges
evaluates alternatives on a cost/benefit/risk basis that includes environmental
values
aims at minimising resource inputs
innovates and strives for continual improvement

16
environmental management

17
 environmental management

corporate management principles

define corporate strategies and environmental objectives
adopt health, safety environmental management system
pursue technical cooperation and capacity building
develop partnerships and communications
initiate prevention and cleaner production techniques
develop and maintain accident preparedness
ensure proper assessment, evaluation and planning of projects
training
review and audit

17
environmental management

18
 environmental management

management systems
desk studies
aerial survey
seismic survey
exploratory drilling
appraisal
development and production
decommissioning and rehabilitation

18
environmental management

19
 environmental management

leadership and commitment

management commitment
policy and strategic objectives
organisation, resources and documentation
environmental training
evaluation and risk management
environmental impact assessment
risk evaluation and management
environmental plans, programmes and procedures
implementation and monitoring
audit and review

19
operational practices and procedures

20
 operational practices and procedures

operational considerations
footprint
pollution prevention
social/cultural interactions
waste
efficient use of resources
use of local resources
consultation and communication
risks and impacts
secondary and indirect impacts
infrastructure implications
training

20
environmental protection measures

21
 environmental protection measures

operational considerations
pollution prevention and cleaner production
water treatment and disposal techniques
oil spill contingency planning
decommissioning and rehabilitation
environmentally-sensitive areas

21
environmental protection measures

22
 environmental protection measures

technology considerations
atmospheric emissions
produced water
solid wastes
techniques

22
???

23
 References
National Oceans Office, Chapter 4-impacts of
petroleum in South East Regional Marine Plan:
impacts on the natural system (2001) <https://
www.environment.gov.au/system/files/resources/
b885913d-e75d-4433-bc7e-0c763b376091/files/
impacts-petroleum.pdf> at 28 October 2015.

UNEP, Environmental management in oil and gas

exploration and production: an overview of issues
and management approaches (1997) <http://
www.ogp.org.uk/pubs/254.pdf> at 28 October 2015.
24