IDENTIFICATION we Oe FIBERS TEXTILE MATERIALS (Replaces Bulletin X-12) Pee St eSTABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION IDENTIFICATION OF LISTED FIBERS Preliminary Inspection Microscopie Examination Solubility Tests Confirmatory Tests A. Stain Test . B. Specific Gravity Test © Melting Point Test D. Moioture Regein Test F, Other Confirmutory Tests 1. Refractive index 2. Infrared spectrum 10 3, Meat discoloration 0 4. Mechanical proportion ceweneene UO IDENTIFICATION OF OTHER FIBERS .. u APPENDIX . 2 A General Table of Solubility for the Qualitative Analysis of Textile Fibers. 12 Photomicrographs of Man-Made and Natural Text sevesenenee 1S Related Literature . 26 LIST OF TABLES Table Titte age ‘List of fibers included in the identification teats. Reaction of textile fibers te heat und flame A 3 B 5 © Microscopie appearance of textile fibers - 6 D_ Chemical solubility of textile bere spine F E_ Specific gravity of textile fibers 8 F Melting point of textile fibers ° © Moiature regain of textile fibers (app.) A general table of solubility for the qualitative analysis of textile Gers 12We believe that this information is the best currently avvilable ow the subject. Whig offered av a possibly helpful masestion in experimentation you may care to wrdertake along these liner, Is is anbjrct to revinion as additional knowledge and experience are gained. Du Pont makei no guarantes of results and assumes no obli- ion or Hiability wharsecorr in connection with thie information. Anyone intending ta use recommendations contained in this publication concerning equipment, proce ossing techniques, 01 chemical products shoutd first «atisfy himself that the recom mustiations are suitable for hie ase and mined atl appropriate safety ond health sondards, Thi jubdlication ic not a license to operate under, or intended to suggest infringeosent of, any existing paivnts. The foloming are registered trademarks of EI du Pont de Nersours a Company (nen): Acne Dacnos omex ‘tarn0n Arrow brea Onr0x SarmveIDENTIFICATION OF FIBERS IN TEXTILE MATERIALS ‘This bulletin suggests vorious methods for the ‘Menifention of fibers in a textile materiel containing ga, weg tne or more of the clases of fibers shown on the sight, MUS Nye A list of the fibers used in our identification tests to ‘Modacrylic Polyester Rylon Hason repretent the various classes is shown in Table A. MaAw-stabe pmeNs eeromAL Pinas TABLE A—LiST OF FIBERS INCLUDED !N THE IDENTIFICATION TESTS NOTE: The Wdemtification of other fibers tha have Tiaiied Dy wellknown prveeduees i discueed in the sel GENEWC TRADEMARK OR TRADENAME, MANMADE Acctate —Acsnt® (secondary acetate) “Arnel”* (triacetate) Acrylic “Acrilan™* regalar ond ‘Type 16 “Courielle”* “Ceeslan”* “Dralon"* OnLon” regular Onon Savete** “Letra” Modacrylie “Dynel”™ * : = & = 3 Lae _ ot Pp tee OR iden “5 ‘Sulfuric Ae aS 1.665, 3 g§ aH _ — 2 om baal Tahal, |i) = os om fala afd etnias etn a tm gaan gn iit arenALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF TEXTILE FIBERS ” : z j i é pwever, if there is ch fibers cnuct be eavefally selected from ace tht specimens of eack flier present are tested. Select Tike whuhle or completely diaimtegrated ss a Sp oe See ee wn pe tne meee meee ye E Ly =a =o Be) a aety [ne coe coms ace cece one cee cae oe . 7 =P, = 3 eee ry a non ‘nn “a no a 2 : z SE FE a = wen ee ee ee ee ee moa a aa a = = es, eeet oe z - wi slim every ease, este war wot deter Peas seit alnath Jr Bicomponent oi far aiuility for quantative analy dea woah Da Pons tre racer forse mlflament poe yePhotomicrographs of man-made textile ibe Acetate Acrylic Modacrylie Nylon Nytril Photomicrographs of natural textile fibers: LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Page 18 6 " 18 v page 4 4 Olefin Polyester Rayon Saran Spandex Silke Wool Page 9 wo a 23————_— PHOTOMICROGRAPHS ¢ Tard Ee EX Bs 5 Sy 4 REA see Levee CS Est Cd semidall luster ageX-156 uta Ye 38 or neta to 98 TLS) MUNE FimeRS (oour a RES ACUYHE FIBENS (contd) Hy a re oe Yi ; x75 SOKA H ieNylon 6 3.1 denier per filament sens] Hester Nylon 6-6 Du Pow Type 501 18 denier per filament ‘emidull luster PHOTOMICROGRAPHSPHOTOMICROGRAPHS Grar Stent Vw 50% onateon Ye ab 250% TAI ptenteenren renreauend fit dee) Poet tend dent for eb maaan nye tA 0%NYTRIL HIKER POLYESTER FIBERSPHOTOMICROGRAPHS | POLYESTER FIBERS (cont’d.) Daceon* Type 62 fiMADE TEXTILE FIBERS RAYON FIBERS, “Cowal” 3.0 denier por filament bright lusterPHOTOMICROGRAPHS | eet Laat Vow of 2808 RAYON FIBERS (cont'd)JAN-MADE TEXTILE FIBERS Longe Vow ot 2508 ‘cre Sito View at 800% SARAN Saran 16 denior per filament natural Tnster SPANDEX FIEERS: Lycra 12 denice per filament dull Iuster “Vyren 250 denier per filament dull Tuster: {at pbotonterogcepte reproduced tal salPHOTOMICROGRAPHS (| FLAX FIER Flax, bleached 30° denier per filament natural lusterURAL TEXTILE FIBERSRELATED LITERATURE Anon “A.S.T.M, Standards on Textile Materi American Society for ‘Testing Materials, P Adelphia, Penna, (1960) Anon, “Sdentifeation and Differontiation of ‘Aerilan’ and ‘Acrilan’ Type 16 from Other Acryl ic or Related Fibors”, Technical Information Bul- letin AP-16, The Chemstrind Corporation, De- ceatur, Ala, (1960) Anon, “Identification of Textile Materials", Fourth, Edition, The Textile Institute, Manchester, Eng- andl (1958) Anon, “Method for the Quantitative Chemical Avalysis of Binary Mixtures of Cellulose Trince- tate and Certain Other Fibres", Tentative ‘Tex lard No. 52, Journal Textile Instirae, piss (1959) Anon “Method for the Quantitative Chemical Analysis of Iinary Mixtures of Polyamide Fibres and Corlain Other Fibres", Tentative Textile Stundard No. 48, Journal Textile Institute, 48, 1782 (1957) Anon, “Method for the Quantitative Chemical Analysis of Mixtures of Cellulose Triaeetate and Secondary Cellulose Acetate Fibres", Tentative ‘Tostile Standard No, 58, Journal Teatile Hnstitude, 50, 17759 (1959) Anon, “Method for the Quantitative Chemical Analysis of Mixtures of Viscose Rayon and Cot- ton”, Tentative Textile Standard No. 49, Journat Testile Institute, 48, P74 (1957) “Method for the Quan Aualyeie of Ternary Mixtures of Protein Fi Tentative Standard No. 56, Journal Textite Institute, 50, P692 (1959) Anon, “Rayon dentification” (a reprint from a previous yearbook), American Astociation of Textite Chemists and Colorists, Lowell, Mass. «aga1) Anon, “Technical Manual of AATCC" (Section 1 of Bart JUL covers identification and analysis of teatiles), American Association of Textile Chem 1s and Colorists, Lowell, Mass, (1960) Armfield, W., “The Quantitative Analysis of Binary Fibre Mixtures Containing ‘Courtelle’ (Acrylic Fi bre)”, Journal Testile Institute, 51, P699 (1960) Armfield, W» “The Quantitative Analysis of Binary Fibre Mixtures Containing “Tricel’ (Cellulose Tri- acctate Fibre)”, Journal Textile Institute, 50, P51 (1959) Ashmore, W. G. “Man-Made Fibers and Yams", Textile World, 109, 67 (1959) Banks, J.N. and T. Bembrick, “Identification of Un- ‘dyed Bast and Leaf Fibers", Testile Manufacturer, 80, 375 (1985) Beaman, R, G., “Relation between (Apparent) Sec Order ‘Transition Temperature and Melting Point", Jonrnal Polymer Science, 9,470 (1952) Bringacdner, D. J. and J. F, deBordenave, “How Hight Fibers Compare in Chemical Resistance”, Teatile World, 106, 112 (1956) Bringacdner, D. J. and J, F, deBordenave, “How Hight Fibors Compare in Heat Resistance”, Tex tile World, 106, 68 (1956) Bringurdner, D. }.. J. F. de Bordenave, and H. T. Pratt, “How Eight Fibers Compare in Strece-Strain Properties”, Textile World, 108, 97 (1958) Carroll-Porcaynski, C. Z., “Manual of Man-Made Fibres", Chemical Publishing Company, New York, N.Y. (1961) Cioudelli, J. P,, “Identification of Nylon 6 and Nylon 6.6", Industrial Test Laboratory, Philadelphia ‘Naval Shipyard, Philadelphia, Penna, (1956) Coover, H. W., H.R. Lyon and W. C. Wooten, “Iden- tification and Determination of ‘Vero!’ Fiber in Fabrics”, Textile Research Journal, 28, 530 (1958)Recaro Buiuntins AVAILABLE ROM THE TextiLe Finens DEPARTMENT oF THE DU Pont ComPpant “The Chemieal Resistance of Dackon Polyestor Fiber” “Chemical Analysis of Blends of Dacxon with Gotton or Rayon” “Tho Chemical Resistance of Du Powr Nylon” “Distinguishing Onion from Other Acrylic and Related Fibers” “Properties and Procesing of TEFLON Fiber" “The Flaamability of Textile Fibers” “Tensile Stress Steain: Properties of Fibers” “The Moisture Regain of ‘Textile Fibre”