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SINGLE PHASE CYCLO CONVERTER

AIM : Following experiments can be performed with this kit.

1. Theoretical Study Of 1-Ph Cycloconverter Control Circuit Pulse Gen. Line Synchronized.

2. Study of Frequency & Amplitude Control with Resistive Load.

APPARATUS: (1) Trainer kit single phase to single phase cycloconverter

(POWERCON make).
(2) Connecting Links.
(3) Isolation Transformer(0-180V/200V/210V)
(4) 40W/60W/100W Lamp.
(5) Inbuilt resistive load of 5k20W.
(6) C.R.O.20MHz (Unearthed).
(7) 1:10 probe.

PROTECTION:
I/P FUSE- 1A
O/P FUSE- 1A

THEORY:
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Cyclo-converters are A.C. to A.C. converters without any D.C. link in between. They convert

an A.C. I/P. Supply at fix frequency and voltage to an O/P supply whose frequency and O/P

voltage both are variable. The O/P frequency is lower than the I/P frequency and it is an

integral sub-multiple of I/P frequency. Cycloconverter can be classified according to number

of I/P. Supply phases as (1) Three phase to single phase cycloconverter, (2) Single phase to

single phase cycloconverter.

They can also be classified as mid point type of cycloconverter where a center-tapped

transformer is used or as bridge type cycloconverter, where two anti-parallel bridges are

used.

They can also be classified as non-circulating current made depending on mode of operation.

The one that is to be studied here is Bridge type single phase to single phase non-

circulating current mode cycloconverter.

OPERATION OF THE CONTROL CIRCUIT:

Refer to FIG. of the Block Schematic with associated waveforms.

The A.C. I/P is step down and given to the ZCD (zero Crossing Detector ). The ZCD

produces short pulses at every zero crossing instant of A.C. supply. Thus we get ZCD

pulses at positive as well as negative zero crossing instant. If A.C. I/P supply frequency is

F than ZCD pulse frequency is 2f. This ZCD pulses are given to COUNTER as CLK I/P.

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This COUNTER is designed by using IC 4017 which can be configured to give divide by

2,3,4,or 5 O/P. The O/P frequency of COUNTER is selected by rotary switch positioned

above the counter. Thus for divide by N position O/P frequency of COUNTER is 2F/N. The

O/P of counter drives the FLIP FLOP CLK which is set in TOGGLE MODE. The FLIP FLOP

is used in toggle mode , as to give same duration for O/P positive and negative cycles. The

FLIP FLOP divides the frequency by two because of toggle mode and thus O/P frequency at

Q (Q) is F/N as desired, where F is I/P A.C. supply frequency and N is desired division

factor. The Q O/P FLIP FLOP controls closing and opening of switches SW1 and SW2

While Q controls SW3 and SW4. Switches are closed when or is high and vice versa.

The Blocks P- TPG and N-TPG produce firing pulses in the positive and negative half cycles

of a.c. I/P supply respectively. P-TPG supplies pulses to SCR1 and SCR2 via Switch SW1

and PAC 1 and to SCR5 and SCR6 via SW3 and PAC-3

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OPERATION:
Refer Front Panel Diagram on the cycloconverter kit.

Operation of the power circuit: Refer to Figure-2 for the power circuit consisting of BRIDGE-2

connecting in anti-parallel configuration across the load (i.e. positive o/p terminal of one

bridge to negative of other and vice- versa). The wave forms across load are shown in fig.3.

Also a series lamp is connecting in the a.c. line supplying power to the two bridges whose

function will be explained latter on. When we positive cycle of the o/p, Bridge-1 is enabled. In

the positive half cycle of A.C. i/P supply SCR1 and SCR2 are fired while in negative half cycle

of SCR3 and SCR4 are fired This is continued till end of positive cycle of output. At the end of

positive cycle of O/P , Bridge 1 is disabled and Bridge 2 enabled. Now in the positive half

cycle of a.c. I/P, SCR5 and SCR6 are fired and in the negative half cycle SCR7 and SCR8

are fired. At the end of negative half cycle of O/P Bridge 1 is re- enabled and the cycle is

repeated. Thus following table can be prepared for designing control circuits logic.

O/P A.C. CYCLE I/P A.C. CYCLE SCR TO BE FIRED

Positive Positive SCR1 and SCR2

Positive Negative SCR3 and SCR4
Negative Positive SCR5 and SCR6
Negative Negative SCR7 and SCR8

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It can easily be observed that the two Bridges should never be enabled at the same time

otherwise a short circuit across A.C. I/P supply will be created. This is assured by enabling

two bridges with Q & Q-bar O/P of a flip is CONNECTED SO THAT EVEN IF IS

ACCIDENTAL SHORT CIRCUIT. IT WILL LIMIT THE CIRCULATING CURRENT. The

demonstration of this short circuit condition is given in Expt.2

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PROCEDURE:

1. Keep the frequency pot to position F 2.

2. Switch on the mains S1, and observe the test points TP1 TP12 WRT GND, for

observation of TP4 vary the frequency selector switch from minimum to max position

and note down the change in frequency.

3. For observation of TP3 to TP11 w.r.t. to GND, connect one channel to TP 2 or TP1

and use it in trigger mode. Due to low freq. the CRO may not get triggered easily.

Therefore use one signal for triggering as well as observation in synchronized

manner.

4. Observe TP5-TP6 w.r.t. GND. Simultaneously to confirm opposite ON-OFF periods.

5. Switch on the load switch S2.

6. Connect a lamp of 40W/60W/100W in between TP13 and TP14.

7. Connect CRO probe (1:10 probe) in TP13-TP14.

8. Observe TP13 wrt TP14 as load waveform on CRO.

9. Vary the FREQUENCY SELECT & note the o/p wave-forms. Also vary the FIRING

ANGLE pot and note the variations.

9. Observe the firing angle variation for each frequency. Carefully observe the firing

angles corresponding to maximum o/p positions.

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TEST POINT :( USE UNEARTHED C.R.O. ONLY)

TP1 WRT TP2 : AC input reference signal.

TP3 WRT GND : ZCD output (100Hz).

TP4 WRT GND : Counter output [10-50Hz] [5V peak].

TP5 WRT GND : Enabling signal for bridge 1[FWD] Q [12V peak]

TP6 WRT GND : Enabling signal for bridge 2 [REV] Q bar [12V peak]

TP7 WRT GND : P- TPG output

TP8 WRT GND : N TPG output

TP9 WRT GND : Gate pulse for SCR 1 & 2

TP10 WRT GND : Gate pulse for SCR 3 & 4

TP11 WRT GND : Gate pulse for SCR 5 & 6

TP12 WRT GND : Gate pulse for SCR 7 & 8

TP13 WRT TP14 : HIGH VOLTAGE O/P

TP15 : GND with which respect all test points TP3- TP12 to be observed

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TEST POINTS

TP1-
TP2

[ZCD]
TP2

COUNTER
TP3

Q
TP4

Q bar
TP5

(P- TPG)
TP6

(N- TPG)
TP7

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(G1 K1) (G2 K2)

T8

(G3 K3) (G4 K4)

T9

1, 2 3, 4 1, 2 3, 4
TP13 ~ TP14
5, 6 7, 8

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