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Average Bulk Specific Gravity of Blended Aggregate

P +P +P Gsb = bulk specific gravity of the blended mineral aggregate in the mix
ca fa mf
G = Pi = percent of total aggregate mass composed of aggregate i, (ca for coarse
sb P P P
ca + fa + mf aggregate, fa for fine aggregate and mf for mineral filler)
G G G Gi = bulk specific gravity of aggregate i, (ca for coarse aggregate, fa for fine
ca fa mf aggregate and mf for mineral filler)

Bulk Specific Gravity of Compacted Mix, Gmb

V =M M Vmb = bulk volume of the specimen (cm3)


mb mb mbw
Mmb = mass of the specimen in air (grams)
Mmbw = mass of the specimen in water (grams)
M Gmb = bulk specific gravity of compacted mix
G = mb
mb V w = the density of water (g/cm3)
mb w

Percent Voids in the Mineral Aggregate, VMA

M = P M
b b mb Mb = mass of asphalt cement in the specimen (grams)
M =M M Pb = percent asphalt content (grams of asphalt cement per gram of total mix)
sb mb b
M Mmb = mass of the specimen in air (grams)
V = b Msb = mass of aggregate in the specimen (grams)
b G Vb = volume of asphalt cement in each specimen (cm3)
b w
M Gb = specific gravity of the asphalt cement used in the mix
V = sb w = the density of water = 1.0 g/cm3
sb G Vsb = volume of mineral aggregate in each specimen (cm3)
sb w
V = V V Gsb = bulk specific gravity of the blended mineral aggregate in the mix
vma mb sb Vvma = volume of voids in the mineral aggregate (cm3)
V Vmb = bulk volume of the specimen (cm3)
VMA = vma 100% VMA = voids in the mineral aggregate in each specimen (percent of bulk volume)
V
mb

Maximum Specific Gravity, Gmm

M Gmm = maximum specific gravity of the voidless mix


G = mm
mm M +M M Mmm = mass of loose mix sample (grams)
mm pw pws Mpw = mass of the pycnometer filled with water (grams)
Mpws = mass of pycnometer + sample + water (grams)
Mmb = mass of the specimen in air (grams)
Vmm = volume of the voidless mix (cm3)

1
Percent Air Voids, Pa

A. Where Gmm is Known B. Where Gmm is NOT Known


M M
V = mb V = sb
mm G se G
mm w se w
V =V V V = V +V
se mm b mm se b
M M
G = sb G = mb
se V mm V
se w mm w
V = V V
a mb mm
V = V +V V
ba b sb mm
M = V G
ba ba b w
M
P = ba 100%
ba M
sb
V
P = a 100%
a V
mb

Vmm = volume of the voidless mix (cm3)


Mmb = mass of the specimen in air (grams)
Gmm = maximum specific gravity of the voidless mix
w = the density of water (g/cm3)
Vse = effective volume of the mineral aggregate (cm3)
Vb = volume of asphalt cement in each specimen (cm3)
Gse = effective specific gravity of the blended mineral aggregate in the mix
Msb = mass of mineral aggregate in the specimen (grams)
Va = volume of air in the compacted mix (cm3)
Vmb = bulk volume of the specimen (cm3)
Vba = volume of asphalt absorbed by aggregate in the compacted mix (cm3)
Mba = mass of asphalt absorbed by aggregate in the compacted mix (grams)
Pba = percent asphalt absorbed by the aggregate in the mix
Pa = percent air voids in the compacted mix

M fa
Effective Asphalt Content, Pbe Pbe = 100%
M mb
V fa
%Voids Filled with Asphalt, VFA VFA = 100%
Vvma
where Mfa & Vfa = mass and volume of asphalt in the voids, respectively

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