PATIENT MANAGEMENT:

IMPORTANT POINTS:
List of VARIABLES:
Nominal
Ordinal
Interval
Ratio
Norminal:genotype of names ex:gender
Ordinal:gingival index
Kelvin:Ratio
Interval:Celsuis
Ratio:BP,Pulse,Height,Weight
Terms used in Dental Insurance Billing
Some of the most commonly used cost containment
measures are:

Least Expensive Alternative:

Treatment Provision (LEAT) A dental plan may not

allow benefits for all treatment options. A Least
Expensive Alternative Treatment Provision is a
limitation found in many plans which reduces
benefits to the least expensive of other possible
treatment options as determined by the benefit plan,
even when the dentist determines that a particular
treatment is in your best interest. For example, the
dentist may recommend a fixed bridge, but the plan
may allow reimbursement only for a removable
partial denture. The patient may not always
understand the payers least expensive treatment
policy, and what the out of pocket costs are, until
the explanation of benefits (EOB) is received.

out-of-pocket costs:

The health insurance definition of out-of-pocket

costs is any amount of money that will have to come
from you, hence the term "out of [your]pocket".
Two main areas to understand out-of-pocket costs in
insurance are the out-of-pocket costs for services
not covered and the out-of-pocket costs you are
expected to pay before your insurance will pay.

Out-of-pocket costs include expenses that your

insurance company does not feel are covered
services included in your plan. Some examples
would be elective procedures, such as cosmetic
surgery or procedures specifically excluded by your
insurance company. If you don't want to have to pay
for something out-of-pocket, you can easily find out
what services are not covered by your insurance
company by calling them and asking.

Another main out-of-pocket cost in health insurance

are the costs you are expected to pay for covered
procedures before your insurance will pay. The two
primary ones are your deductible and co-insurance.
The deductible is the amount you have to pay, out-
of-pocket, before your insurance company will start
paying.The co-insurance amount is the percent you
are required to pay towards a covered procedure.
For example, your insurance company may cover
80% of your surgery and you have to pay the
remaining 20% out-of-pocket. There is usually an
out-of-pocket maximum and once that is reached
the insuran
ce company will cover 100% of the costs and the
deductible and co-insurance payments count
towards the out of pocket maximum.

coinsurance:

Most health insurance policies have a coinsurance,

or sometimes misspelled as co insurance, clause.
This simply is the percentage amount you are
required to pay towards your health insurance bill
when
you file a health insurance claim. The coinsurance
percentage is usually in addition to the deductible,
that would need to be paid first before the insurance
company would pay anything.
Example

Mary Jo had a 20% coinsurance clause on her new

health insurance policy. She just got a bill, for her
recent surgery, from her health insurance company.
The total of the bill was $2000. Her health insurce
deductible was $200 for the year and none of her
deductible was paid yet since this was her first
claim. This means that Mary Jo would need to pay,
out of her own pocket, her full deductible ($200),
and then 20% of the remaining amount of the
insurance bill ($360). So, her total out of pocket
expense for her surgery was $560 ($200+$360).

copayment:

The copayment is a fixed amount the insured is

required to pay to the provider. Some call it the co-
payment or copays since there can be different
copayment amounts for different services.
Copays are usually what one pays when they visit a
doctor or purchase a prescription. The copayment is
almost always required at the time of service or at
the time one would purchase their prescription
medication. Then the doctor or pharmacist will bill
the insured's insurance company for the remaining
amount due.

Sometimes copays are confused with the co-

insurance payment. The co-insurance payment is
different as it is a percentage that the insured is
required to pay and is usually due for larger
procedures such
as a surgery.
Examples: Dean needed to go see his doctor for a
lingering cough. When he went to his visit, he was
1required to pay a $40 copayment to the doctor at
the time of service. The doctor's office then billed
the remaining amount due to Dean's insurance
company.

Downcoding:

Downcoding is a practice of third-party payers in

which the benefits code has been changed to a less
complex and/or lower cost procedure than was
reported except where delineated in contract
agreements.

Predetermination:

Predetermination of benefits is an administrative

procedure that may require the dentist to submit a
treatment plan to the third party before treatment
begins. The third party usually returns the treatment
plan indicating one or more of the following:
patients eligibility, covered services, benefit
amounts payable, application of appropriate
deductibles, co-payment and/or maximum limitation.
Under some programs, predetermination by the
third party is required when covered charges are
expected to exceed a certain amount.

Claims Bundling:

Claims bundling is the systematic combining of

distinct dental procedures by third-party
payers that results in a reduced benefit for the
patient/beneficiary. The ADA considers bundling of
procedures to be potentially fraudulent.

Bundling: What is often described as bundling is the

effort of payers to follow guidelines established in
the Code. For example, payers commonly see claims
submitted with the following combinations of
services that are not consistent with the Code:
Pins reported as a separate service from a core
buildup (the D2950 buildup code includes pins);
Adhesives, bases or liners as a separate service from
the restorations (the Code defines these to be
included as part of the restoration);
Occlusal adjustments and minor adjustments to
prostheses as a separate service, when the
prosthetic service includes routine post-delivery
care;
Suture removal, as a separate service from the
extractions, which include suturing and
postoperative q; and
X-rays taken during the course of root canal therapy
as a separate service from the root canal, which by
definition, includes intra-operative X-rays. For the
examples above, payers will often
consider these component services as part of the
main procedure inaccordance with the Code and pay
benefits accordingly.
Reinforcement:
Positive reinforcement occurs when an event or stimulus
is presented as a consequence of a behavior and the
behavior increases. Example: A father gives candy to his
daughter when she picks up her toys. If the frequency of
picking up the toys increases, the candy is a positive
reinforcer (to reinforce the behavior of cleaning up).
Negative reinforcement occurs when the rate of a
behavior increases because an aversive event or stimulus
is removed or prevented from happening. Example: A
person puts ointment on a bug bite to soothe an itch. If the
ointment works, the person will likely increase the usage
of the ointment because it resulted in removing the itch,
which is the negative reinforcer.
Punishment:

Positive punishment occurs when a response produces a

stimulus and that responses decreases in probability in the
future in similar circumstances. Example: A mother yells
at a child when he or she runs into the street. If the child
stops running into the street, the yelling acts as positive
punishment because the mother presents (adds) an
unpleasant stimulus in the form of yelling.
Negative punishment occurs when a response produces
the removal of a stimulus and that response decreases in
probability in the future in similar circumstances.
Example: A teenager comes home after curfew and the
parents take away a privilege, such as cell phone usage. If
the frequency of the child coming home late decreases,
the removal of the phone is negative punishment because
the parents are taking away a pleasant stimulus (the
phone) and motivating the child to return home earlier.
Aversive
Pleasant
(unpleasant)
Stimulus
Stimulus
Positive Positive
Adding/Presenting
Reinforcement Punishment
Removing/Taking Negative Negative
Away Punishment Reinforcement

5 year survival rate

90% in lip cancer
50% in oro pharyngeal cancer
45% in tongue cancer
20% in africal American oro pharyngeal cancer
whose oral hygiene is badp
Biostatistics in Pt management
* Validity....> should be compared to gold standard
and should be high sensitive,B and unbiased
*Realibility....> should be reproducible and
repeatable with same value means produce similar
results
* Sensitivity....> % of persons having the disease
TP/TP+FN X 100%
* Specificity ....> % of persons not having the
disease TN/TN+FP X 100%
* predictive value positive....> TP/TP+FP X 100%
* predictive value negative....> TN/TN+FN X 100%
Highest prevalence of caries = Hispanics
Highest DMFT = White (caucasian) (highest amount
of restored teeth)
Highest untreated primary teeth = Hispanic
Highest untreated perm teeth = Black (African
American)
Moderate periodontitis = Black males ( African
American)
Class II caries = Whites (caucasian)
Class III caries = Blacks (African American)
Cleft lip/palate w/ Class III occlusion = Native
American
Cleft lip alone = Asian
Cleft lip in USA = 1:700 to 1:800
class 2 malocclusion : whites of northern European
descent
class 3 malocclusion : Asian
Caucasians have more lip cancer while African
american have more oropharyngeal carcinoma.
Anterior open bite: African American(blacks)
Deep bite: cuacasian( whites)
Cemento osseous dysplasia - black middle aged
women

LEGEND of materials and equipment safety in

PT management
*Air born particlesp1) Spatter....>large visible
particles 50um or larger and its the route of
infection of blood borne pathogens
2) MIST....> settle from air after 10-15 mins and is
produced by cough
3) Aerosol....>invisible particles between 5-50um
floating in air for hours

* Current OSHA standard for mercury is 0.1mg /m3

over an 8 hours work shift
*Noise inducing hearing loss....> above 90db and
protection recommended when noise reaches 85db
(Autism pts are very sensitive to loud sounds,,,,put
muffler on ur turbine and work!!!!!!!)
* during photopolymerization of composite or any
resin material (bridge to operative....> 1-1.5mm
from restoration and use of VLC and alpha diketone
with camphor quinone to initiate the polymerization)
always wear eye protector to avoid retinal damage
*before starting any clinic flush all dental
instruments including handpiece for several mins to
ensure that the waterline is < 500CFU/mL.
*MSDS is regulated by manufacturers for employees
and use colors to notify the employees as follows:
1) blue....> health hazard
2) red....>fire hazard
3) yellow....>reactivity and stability of chemicals
4)white....> use PPE
LEGEND of Organization in Pt. management
* ACF....> associated with economy and social well
being ex.low income children get free food meal in
school
*CMS....> medicaid and medicare
*Medicare....> for elderly and disabled people
*Medicaid.....> for low income people elderly and
children
*EPSDT program....> dental services for children
*CHIP program....> offers basic preventive and
diagnostic services ex.vaccinations
*HRSA....> offers health care services for uninsured
live in rural areas and urban neighborhoods plus
dental services for HIV pts
*CDC....> prevent outbreak of disease and dental
infection control ex.community water fluoridation
*FDA....>protecting health against impure and
unsafe foods plus temp. of autoclave
*NIH....> deals with supporting medical researches
*NIDCR....> branch of NIH deals with dental
researches
*AHRQ....>support health care system and quality

*HHSA.....> provides a broad range of health and

social services, promoting wellness, self-sufficiency,
and a better quality of life for all individuals and
families
*DEA....>combatin g drug smuggling and deals and
also has sole responsibility for coordinating and
pursuing U.S. drug investigations abroad.
J*NHANES.....>a program of studies designed to
assess the health and nutritional status .
QUESTIONS:
Q. Through the bloodborne pathogen standard, the
occupational safety and health administration directs
activity for each of the following except one. Which
one is the exception?
a. Using barrier techniquesgg,
b. Using material safety data sheets
c. Obtaining hepatitis B vaccines
d. Communicating hazards to employees
e. Performing housekeeping Ans.B
(material safety data sheets are now called safety
data sheets. I was asked this in the exam.)
Q. Stress and illness are often related. The best
description of their relationship is which of the
following?
a. Stress is primary cause of illness
b. Illness is adaptation to stress
c. Stress is a psychological reaction
d. They often occur together but are casually
unrelated
e. Stress is contributory to illness and illness is
usually stressful Ans.E
Q. On the basis of diagnostic test results, a dentist
classifies a group of patients as being free from
disease. These results possess high
a. Sensitivity
b. Specificity
c. Generalizability
d. Repeatability Ans.B
Q. In pursuit of what the dentist believes is best for
the patient, the dentist attempts to control patient
behavior. This is known as
a. Autonomy
b. Competence
c. Maleficence
d. Paternalism Ans.D
Q. Ans.B
Q. Most epidemiologic studies indicate that gingivitis
in children is relatively common. A strong positiv
association between specific nutritional deficiencies
and the presence of periodontal disease in children
and adults has been demonstrated.
1. both r true
2. both r false
3. 1st true, 2nd false
4. 1st false , 2nd true Ans.3
Q. In assessing patients dental fears, the dentist
should use each of the following factors except one.
Which one is the exception?
a. Verbal statements
b. Physiological responses
c. Behavior
d. Personality Ans.D
Q. HIPAA was designed to
A) ensure the security and privacy of health
information
B) provide insurance coverage for providers
C) increase hospital testing ability
D) encourage employees to stay in their jobs to
retain insurance coverage Ans.A
Q. information about subjects in a study included
their ethnicity. what level of measurement is
ethnicity?
1. ordinal
2. nominal
3. ratio
4. Interval Ans.B
Q. MOST APPROPRIATE TEST TO DETERMINE THE
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN TWO MEANS?(Answer
giving examples on BOTH)
CHI SQUARE TEST
T TEST Ans.B
Q. What's the prophylactic regimen for patients with
prosthetic joints.
Ans. Antibiotic prophylaxis guidelines also have been
developed for people who have orthopedic implants
such as artificial joints. In 2012, the ADA and
American Association of Orthopedic Surgeons
updated the recommendations and no longer
recommend antibiotics for everyone with artificial
joints. As a result, your healthcare provider may rely
more on your personal medical history to determine
when antibiotics are appropriate for people with
orthopedic implants. For example, antibiotic
prophylaxis might be useful for patients who also
have compromised immune systems (due to, for
instance, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, cancer,
chemotherapy, and chronic steroid use), which
increases the risk of orthopedic implant infection.
Q. A patient after extraction says"Thank you,that
wasent as bad as i expected,but my sister told me
that the first night after having a tooth pulled is very
painful.What if the medication u gave me isnt strong
enough!?Choose the most appropriate answer.

1)Did she make you feel worried about that?

2)It sounds like you are worried that you might not
have enough pain relief when ur home.
3)I understand your concern
4)Dont worry i'll give you plenty of pain medication
5)it sounds like your sister had a unusually bad
experiance.Dont let other worry you,you'll be just
fine. Ans.B
Q. The most important concept of C.E.A. Winslows
definition of public health is:
To encourage mental and physical efficiency
Promotion through organized community effort
Individuals acting alone can solve any problem
The science and art of preventing disease
Ans.B
( C.E.A. Winslow, characterized public health
practice as the science and art of DISEASE
PREVENTION, prolonging life, and promoting health
and well-being THROUGH organized community
effort..So Answer is D!)
Q. A moderately mentally challenged 5-year-old
child becomes physically combative. The parents are
unable to calm the child. Which action should the
dentist take?
Force the nitrous oxide nosepiece over the childs
mouth and nose.
Hand over mouth exercise (HOME).
Discuss the situation with the parents.
Firm voice control.
Ans.C
Q. Which of the following is the principal nonverbal
cue that two or more people can use to regulate
verbal communication?
eye contact
gentle touch
facial expressions Ans.A
Q. In an experiment comparing the effectiveness of
new flouride gel verses an older flouride gel, a null
hypothesis is rejected when

1) a chi square is zero

2) a chi square is high
3) a chi square is low
4) the experimental and control groups have similar
results Ans.B
( If you have higher chi-square, there is a high likely
chance of your p-value being less than 0.05, so in
that case you reject your null hypothesis.)
Q. On a prepayment basis, dental patients receive
care at specified facilities from a limited number of
dentists. This practice plan is classified as which of
the following?

Closed panel
Open panel
Group practice
Solo practice Ans.1
Q. can some one please explain deductible ,
copayment, coordination of benefits, co insurance??
Ans. A co-payment, is a flat fee that the patient
pays at the time of service. The fee is usually small,
such as $10 or $15.
Co-payments are common in capitation plans (e.g.
DHMO), and less common in Preferred Provider
Organization
plans (PPOs).
 A deductible is a flat amount that the employee
must pay before they are eligible for certain
benefits. The deductible may be an annual or a one-
time charge.
co insurance -patients must pay a portion of the
services they receive
Q. Which of the following computer databases
contain references to dental literature electronically
?
1)LEXUS
2)OVOID-MEDLINE
3)Dental Abstracts
4)Index to dental Literature Ans.B
Q. The measure of the quality of care provided in a
particular setting is called:
Quality assurance
Quality evaluation
Quality assessment
Quality inspection Ans.3
( and the steps taken to improve deficiencies is
quality assurance)
Q. Which of the following is a social enforcer for a
child?
a. Dentist provides toothbrush kit
b. Allows child to watch his favorite tv show
c. Provide the child with stickers of his best cartoons
d. Pat on the back of the child's shoulder
Ans.D
Q. Which is not a part of classical conditioning:
1. Acquisition
2. Equilibration
3. Discrimination
4. Generalization
5. Extinction
6. Spontaneous recovery Ans.2
Q. The following were the scores for six dental
students in their restorative dentistry exam :
56, 64, 68,46, 82,86.
Therefore the median is_____________
68
64
67
40
66 Ans.66
( whnever thr is even number of figures like here 6
figures are. always take 2 middle, add these 2, and
thn divide it by 2 if the given set of nos are even
then you have to add the two middle numbers and
divide by 2. If the given set is odd then just pick the
middle one. have to order data in an ascending way
first, so that will be 46, 56,64,68,82,86,)
Q. Which of the following may be used to disinfect
gutta percha points?
1)Glass bead
2)Autoclave
3)Chemical solutions
4)Dry heat Ans.3
Q. Correlation analysis shows that as the income of
population increases, the number of decayed teeth
decreases. Therefore, an expected value for this
correlation coefficient (r) would be -1,
Ans.YES
Q. Which federal agency protects the health of
Americans and provides essential human services?
NIH
HRSA
DHHS
AHRQ
None of the above Ans.DHHS
Q. Which is the most important feature of
systematic desensitization?
Muscle relaxation
Diaphragmatic breathing
Cognitive restructuring
Exposure
Education Ans.Exposure
Q. Which statement is incorrect about behavior
change?
a.Shaping is a behavior change strategy in which the
patient learns though demonstration.
b.The behavioral model consists of antecedents,
behaviors, and consequences.
c.Goals are long-term targets, whereas objectives
are reachable steps along the way.
d.Positive consequences will strengthen a behavior
and negative consequences will weaken it.
e.Consequences of todays behavior will affect
behavior tomorrow. Ans.A
Q. network model is often used in
1. D-IPA
2. D-HMO
3. D-PPO Ans.1
( it follows the fee for service plan)
Q. If a dentist is stuck with a needle while treating
an HIV-infected patient, which should he perform?
a.Stop work and apply hypochlorite 1:10 to the
finger for 5 minutes
b.Stop work, compress the affected area, and apply
hypochlorite
c.Antiretroviral therapy
d.Stop work, compress the affected area, and wash
with soap and water Ans.C
( its given as C , compressing or squeezing the
affected area is not recommended)
Q. The substitution of a relaxation response for an
anxiety response using a relaxation strategy such as
diaphragmatic breathing when one is exposed to a
feared stimuli is called?

1)Progressive muscle stimulation

2)Habituation
3)Flooding
4)Systematic desensitization
5)Biofeedback Ans.4
(Yup 4 its.. flooding is just a branch from
desensitization which works on treating patient by
repeating the fearful response till he gets used to it.)
Q. When a patient expresses anger about a
physicians colleague,
which of the following statements would be the
most appropriate
response?
a. Why are you so aggravated over something so
trivial?
b. Before I ask any questions, please calm down.
c. What concerns do you have about how you were
treated?
d. Why dont we go talk to Dr. X about your anger?
Ans.C????
Q. A patient has difficulty inhibiting the gag reflex
during x-ray procedures. The patient is asked to
take an x-ray packets home and practice holding the
packet in his mouth for increasingly longer periods.
Which technique is being used?
Graded exposurePP
Modeling
Reinforcement
Behavioral control
Systematic desensitization Ans.A
Q. Which is not correct about stress?
a. Predictability-less predictability causes more
stress.
b. Controllability - less controllability causes the
more stress.
c. Familiarity-less familiarity causes more stress.
d. Positive situations are less stressful than negative
situations.
e. Imminence-more imminent situations are more
stressful. Ans.D
Q. The following component of a scientific article
provides the reader with detailed information
regarding the study design:
A. Introduction
B. Background
C. Literature review
D. Methods
E. Abstract Ans.D
Q. Ans.D
Q. incidence of untreated coronal caries is higher in
causcasians or african american or identical for both
Ans.African
(Adult untreated caries--- African Anerican
Pediatric untreated caries--- Hispanics)
Q. A patient says that, Even if there is some pain, it
will be brief. I have effective methods of coping.
The patient reminds himself of this during dental
procedures. This patients statement exemplifies
which strategy?
Self-efficacy induction
Relxation statement
Rational response
Imagery
Systematic desensitization
Ans.C
Q. Ryan white care act provides dental care to HIV
+ / AIDS individual. They get their funds via
1. NIH
2. AHRO
3. HRSA
4. NIDCR Ans.3
Q. A student performs a complicated symphony, and
he becomes less anxious each time he performs.
Which phenomenon is this?
Systematic desensitization
Habituation
Covert conditioning
Cognitive restructuring
Psychoeducation Ans.B
Q. 5 year survival rate of oropharyngeal cancer is
1-25%
2-50%
3-60%
4-75% ans.2 ( lip.CA...> 90% Tongue
CA.....>45%)
Q. OSHA standard for mercury is
1. 1mg per cubic meter for 8 hr work shift
2. 0.1 mg cubic meter for 4 hrt work shift
3. 0.5 mg cubic meter for 8 hr work shift
4. 0.05 mg cubic meter for 4 hr work shift
Ans.4
(well right value is 0.1 mg percubic meter in 8 hrs of
working ... but not in options so next appropriate
will be option 4 )
Q. Percentage of USA with Community water
fluoridation
a. 40%
b. 60%
c. 80% Ans.B ( 65-70%...67% is average
but nearest option given is 60%)
Q. Prevalance of subgingival calculus in US ADULTS
as suggested by surveys is

A-0-0.25
B-0.25-0.5
C-0.5-0.75
D-0.75-1.0 Ans.C
Q. percentage of DFS is more in - cacucasians ,
hispanics , blacks, asians???
Ans. causacians...(WHite people are more conscious
to dental treament and get more caries...the more
caris they get the more filled it will be...so
prevalence and filled surfaces are high in whits or
causacians...Black people are mostly poor and
couldnt afford dental services. So they have high
chances of Untreated caries..)
Q. outliers control
mean
median
mode
standard deviation Ans.D
(an outlier is an observation point that is distant
from other observations. An outlier may be due to
variability in the measurement or it may indicate
experimental error; the latter are sometimes
excluded from the data set.)
Q. incidence of coronal caries is higher in
causcasian or african american or identical for both
Ans.A
Q. Contaminate sharps must be handled in such
ways except for
a.The container must be labeled
b.The container has a metal case
c.The container has to be non puncturable
d.The container must be closable.
Ans.B (yellow plastic disposable can with lid)
Q. Which is the acceptable CDC water quality in a
dental office
<250 CFU/mL
<500 CFU/mL
<125 CFU/mL
<700 CFU/mL
<1000 CFU/mL Ans.B
Q. Which is the best qSuestion to ask a slightly
nervous child?
1.Are you worried about pain?
2.Are you nervous? 3."Why can't you be quiet?"
4."Can you tell me what is bothering you?" Are you
worried about the needle?" Ans.4
Q. Test result which erroneously assigns an
individual to a specific diagnostic or reference group,
due particularly to insufficiently exact methods of
testing is known as:
A false negative test
A true negative test
A false positive test
A true positive test Ans.3
Q. Gi index - ordinal , right? Ans.YES
Q. Which term listed below measures the proportion
of those without disease who
are correctly identified by a negative test:
Specificity
Sensitivityp
Reliabilty Ans.A
Q. A 38-year-old man is fearful of injections. First,
you show him the syringe. You talk about the
characteristics of the needle. You then place the
needle in his mouth with the cap on and simulate
the procedure with the cap on. You then simulate
the procedure with the cap off. Eventually, you
proceed with the injection. What method is being
used to reduce fever
1.Cognitive control
2.Systematic desensitization
3.Habituation
4.Flooding
5.Behavior modification Ans.2
Q. Ans.D
(the thing we can change by changing other factors
is dependent variable, u see which can be changed
out of of 4 options by self instruction and lectures?
this is only D)
Q. if there is an article and if you want to
underatand the definition of
Dependent and independent, which part of the
article you look:
Introduction
Method
Body
Result
Summary Ans.A
(its introduction or background in which u describe
ur hypothesis definitions of dependant and
independant variables, innovations, specific aims...
define variables in introduction, methods of variable
recording is in method section)
Q. Researches showed to remove plaque from the
residents teeth more effectively with mechanical
toothbrushes than with manual ones. What is the
independent variable in this study?
1) The gingival health of the residents
2) The amount of plaque present on the residents
teeth
3) The type of toothbrush used
4) Time of day that brushing took place
5) How long teeth were brushed
Ans.3
(Independent variable can be changed so tooth
brushes design could be changed 3, independent
variables, 2 is dependent variable)
Q. Ans.B
(those who donot smoke and having lung cancer is
C, those dont smoke and haelthy is D. sum these to
get total non smokers, (healthy and cancered) thn
devide cancered non smoker(c) with total(c+d), u
will get ratio of lung cacer in non smokers. if u
multiply it by 100, u will get percentage of lung
cacer in non smokers.)
Q. 70 percent dentists become anxious with anxious
dental patients.

true
false Ans.TRUE
Q. Obtaining informed consent hold true in each of
the following cases except:
1. A conscious mentally competent patient.
2. A pregnant patient
3. In emergency cases
4. None of the above Ans.3
(In cases of emergency if the pt. Or legally
responsible party is not able to give consent, doctor
may proceed without it.
Q. do you any idea about minors, under 18, in this
regard?Ans. Under 18 can give implied consent but
not actual consent But under 18 can give consent
to their treatment if : they are living independently,
are pregnant, married and an emancipated minor
can give consent for his/her child.

Q. Providing and explaining the informed consent to

the patient in understandable terms is considered a
duty of:
1. The office receptionistu
2. Dental assistant
3. Resident
4. Attending dentist Ans.4
Q.
Ans.A
( he has modified his behaviour by thinking positive
Q. In the section of a scientific aritcle,the researcher
interprets and explains the results obtained in?
1)results
2)summary and conclusion
3)discussion
4)abstract
5)none of the above Ans.3
Q. HOME is an example of:
1. Positive reinforcement
2. Negative reinforcement
3. Positive punishment
4. Negative punishment ans.3
(you add something to decrease the behavior so it
should be positive punishment,.. in negative
punishment, you decrease something to eliminate
undesired behavior)
Q. Restoring a carious tooth relieved the toothache
in a patient which further motivated him to perform
better oral health care. This is a type of
1. Positive reinforcement
2. Negative reinforcement
3. Positive punishment
4. Negative punishment Ans.B
Q. One of your patient is having a dental problem
that is not under your capability and you are
referring that patient to a specialist,this type of
behavior comes under which of the following codes?
1)autonomy
2)beneficience
3)veracity
4)nomaleficience Ans.4

Q. Ans.a

Q. Ans.A
Q. what do we watch in a patient during dental
treatment to find out if he's in pain??

1) saliva
2) hair
3) lips
4) eyes
5) eye brows

1)145
2) 23
3) 345
4) 45
5) none of the above Ans.4
Q. Women have a lower survival rate of cancer of
the lip..T/F? Ans.T
( Women have higher survival rate then men for oral
cancers with exception cancer of the lip..So its rue)
Q. Dental waterline should be flushed at beginning
of day for
1.30 sec
2.45 sec
3.60 sec Ans.A (30 according
decks 60 according mosby)
Q. 1 L of 1 ppm of NaF contains how many G
flouride? Ans.0.5
Q. Statute of limitations- can someone please
explain?
Ans. Minimum 2 years of time from Malfunction
incident by dentist to patient's sue procedure..
time starts when dentists inform the patient about
the incident.)
Q. incidence of cleft lip and palate, 1:1000 and
1:2000, right? Ans.Yes
(1:700 n 1:800 in US)
Q. what is the difference between flooding and
systemic desensitlization?
Ans. Systemic desensitization uses a hierarchy of
slowly increasing the anxiety provoking stimuli like
from least anxiety provoking to most allowing the pt
to use his coping skills.
In flooding there is a intense prolonged exposure to
a feared stimulus at a time wherein the pt uses
coping skills to deal with the exposure.
In simple language systemic desensitization is step
by step increase stimulus
And In flooding, it is everything at a single step
Q. What is bundling, unbundling, upcoding, down
coding
Ans. upcoding - if you treat tooth with one crown
and you get the money for two crown this is
upcoding,
downcoding is the reverse of upcodid, you treated
two tooth, fixed two crowns but you get the money
for one only.
Bundling is when a dentist submits a claim for two
or more procedures performed on a single pt.
During office visit and the ensurer bundles the
services together and only pays for one service.

Unbundling is the practice abused by dentist to get a

program to pay more than the actual benefits by
charging a separate fee for each component. Eg if
the service for a crown was unbundled the dentist
would send separate fees for temp. Crown, tissue
prep, occlusal correction etc instead of charging one
fee for the crown.
Q. While extracting a maxillary molar, you lose a
root down the maxillary sinus which cannot be
retracted at the moment. You do not inform the
patient of the incident. Which code of ethical
principle did you break?
1. Beneficence
2. Non malifecence
3. Patient Autonomy
4. Veracity
5. Justice Ans.4
Q. Which will aid in the cognitive appraisal of a
threat?
1.Adaptability, preventability, inevitability, and
constancy
2.Controllability, familiarity, predictability, and
imminence
3.Interference, adaptability, longevity, and
reactance
4.Validity, reliability, adaptability, and predictability
5.Accountability, reliability, validity, and familiarity
Ans.2
Q. Can you please clarify that confusion between
HMO, PPO,?
HMO -- Health Maintenance Organization. You have
one primary care physician through whom all your
health care services go. If you need to see a
specialist you have to first see your primary health
care provider, who if can't help you will provide you
with a referral. Also the visits to doctors outside your
network won't be covered by insurance.
PPO- preferred provider organization
You don't need a primary care physician . You can
go to any health care provider you want without a
referral - outside or inside your network
Hmo: Dentist getts fixed monthly amount for each
patient or family. They gets paid irespective of the
no. of treatment provided whether they provide
treatment more than the fee they get from
insurance or they provide less valuable treatment as
compared to their fix amount which they get from
insurance monthly... dentist will get fixed amount
anyway
Q. Which of the following are necessary for a test
to be accurate?
1)specificity
2)reliability
3)validity
4)sensitivity Ans.3
Q. when patient have to pay from his pocket??
deducible
copay
third party payment Ans. A and B
Q. A dentist is doing research on 5 unrelated patient with
different background. He record data etc.dentist is
doing what kind of research?
a. clinical trial
b. cohort
c. sectional Ans.Cross sectional
Q. how does parent of special needs child feel most of
the time?
a.Hopeless
b.depressed
c.agitated Ans.C
Q. which of the following MOST accurately explains how
biofeedback works
a. it reduced cognitive dissonance
b. it stimulates the sympathetic nervous system
c. it relax and to some extent hypnotizes the patient
d. it distracts and engages the patient in an active coping
task.
e. it enables the patient to gain control of certain
physiological function Ans.e

(Biofeedback therapy involves training patients to

control physiological processes such as muscle tension,
blood pressure, or heart rate.
These processes usually occur involuntarily, however,
patients who receive help from a biofeedback therapist
can learn how to completely manipulate them at will.
Biofeedback is typically used to treat chronic pain,
urinary incontinence, high blood pressure, tension
headache, and migraine headache. )
Q. According to ADA publication entitled principles of
ethics and code of professional conduct, a dentist can
announce specialization in which of the following?
a. implantology
b. hospital dentistry
c. aesthetic dentistry
d. dental public health
e. geriatric dentistry Ans.D
Q. What does the Weight and height stand for in
recordings?
* Ordinal
* Nominal Ans. Ratio scale
Q. where you can find dental literature online?
a. MEDLINE
b. lexus
c. Dental town
d. google Ans.A
Q. Which of the following exhibits the MOST personal
behavior by the dentist
A. leaning toward the patient
B. facing directly toward the patient
C. being seated 2 feet from the patient
D. touching the patient gently on the arm
Ans.D
Q. which is the acronym for a patient management
system?
a. recrui
b. success
c. optimum Ans.C
Q. persistent and repetitions questions asked by an 8 years
old patient during treatment are ?
a. attempted to delay treatment
b. medication of hyperactivity
c. sign that child may be autistic
d. expression of the childs curiosity about the dental
treatment Ans.A