PSYCHOSOCIAL CONCERNS AND RELATED BEHAVIOUR OF COLLEGE STUDENTS:

A BASIS IN DESIGNING MY.SUPPORT MOBILE APPLICATION PROTOTYPE

An Undergraduate Thesis

Presented to the Faculty of the

COLLEGE OF NURSING

MSU Iligan Institute of Technology

In Partial Fulfilment

of the Requirements for the Degree

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN NURSING

PASANDALAN, OMAYER S.

MOCORRO, ALESANDRA C.

OCTOBER 2017
 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

Psychosocial support is an essential way to help an individual to deal

and cope with ones encountered. During college, students deal with a unique

amount of stressors. A college student has a lot of psychosocial concerns like

school problems, relationships, financial or family related concerns.

Literatures indicate that some college students do not actively seek aid for

mental issues and that most feel that the treatments are inadequate varying

on where they were treated, (Pineda, M. et.al, 2016). Thus, psychosocial

support and early detection of depression to the students are essential which

can be accomplished through an advance survey and proper intervention

based on scientifically sound evidences.

Stress, anxiety and depression are one of the most prevalent concerns

of a student especially in college. According to one of the guidance

counsellors in MSU-IIT upon exploratory inquiry, most of the students do not

seek for counselling because of the stigma that is brought by different

circumstances, fear and unwillingness to submit for more deep conversation.

A person must have an outlet for his or her problems to be able to handle the

struggle that he/she is confronted. Moreover, counselling plays a major role in

helping the students having personal issues.

Guidance counsellors in each college within MSU-IIT play a major role

in giving psychosocial support to the students. Assessing and counselling

students on the problems that they experienced within and outside of the

university strengthens the student services in campus. Furthermore, the

development of individualized strategies needed to enable students to work

through school life difficulties. Students of MSU IIT are provided with access
to express concerns in a non-threatening, comfortable atmosphere facilitated

by a college counsellor at the universitys guidance counselling office.

Students can avail a one-on-one help from college counsellor, however not all

students take advantage at the services directly to the guidance office. The

guidance counsellors of MSU-IIT have implemented programs such as

college symposia for the freshmen students and conduct standardized tests

administration. There is a need to review and revisit existing programs.

Perhaps, introduce an innovation considering the current needs of the college

students as millennial. The Guidance office is exploring various strategies

delivery of services to the students with the intention of reaching out students

out of campus and even beyond office hours as needed.

The advent of technology in the 21st century offers a promise of

making the world smaller and expanding the reach in communication among

populace. As cited in the Nielsen Company (2017.), millennial age 18-24 is

highest with 98% of whom owns a smartphones. The data implies that a

smartphone is a necessity. According to a 2016 landmark study Connecting

with the millennials sponsored by Visa, one in two Filipino millennial said they

cant live without their personal computers or laptops, while 37% said a

smartphone is a must-have. Furthermore, the study conforms to the need of

students being connected through the use of smartphones. The same study

revealed that Filipino millennial use instant messaging on computers 73% of

the time, as well as social networking sites, 71% of the time. The study further

showed that Filipino millennias set aside 12% of their disposable income on

electronic gadgets. (Tarriela, F. 2016).

Early identification/accommodation from the guidance counselor using

technology will lead to an early intervention. Being able to share ones

thoughts and struggles and having an advice from a guidance counsellor

wherever needed in just one click, a students life can be saved.

Despite of the effort of the university to establish a more efficient

structure and procedures in addressing student issues in campus, there is still

a need to explore for an innovative, need based and up to date mechanisms

in reaching out students, capturing a more holistic approval.

 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM AND RESEARCH QUESTIONS

The number of students with cases of mental and emotional problems is

prevalent and a growing concern among Filipino youth, with the countrys

population estimated about 98 million the number of Filipinos who have

mental problems could reach 28.48 million and only one out of three will seek

the help of a specialist according to World Health Organization and this report

become a critical issue in college universities across the country. As college

calls for a significant transition, psychosocial concerns have become the

contributing factor of stress that leads students to become susceptible to

depression and anxiety. Researchers recognized that some students coping

strategies to these concerns are positive, some engages in negative or

escapist behaviour.

Tendencies on the development of mental illness are possible

especially to those who do not have adequate or prepared to coping

mechanism or low resilience to the stressors of college universities. What

concerns the most is the number of them endeavours to hide, or disguise the

emotional pain; one reason is the stigma surrounding mental illness and

feelings of insufficient support. According to Kadapatti & Vijayalaxmi (2012)

stressors like academics; social, emotional and financial has an impact on the

academic achievements of a college student. College universities guidance

counsellors are developing programs to sort out a solution to break the stigma

in order to explore underlying issues of unhappiness and dissatisfaction of self

and to the environment, this mental health crisis facing college students may

affect students academic performances and ways of thinking. Thus, this study

is designed to determine the psychosocial concerns of college Students and

their related behaviours which will be the basis in designing My.Support

mobile application prototype.

 Research Questions:

1. What is the significant relationship between demographic profile and

psychosocial concerns and related behaviours of the respondents?

2. What are the major psychosocial concerns of the students and their coping
mechanisms?

3. What are the psychosocial concerns of the students and related behaviour of
respondents in terms of:

Accommodation
Finances
Physical health
Family/Relationships
Emotional well-being
School
Others

4. What contents to include for a mobile application design/prototype?

 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

Mental health affects how students think, behave and manage feelings.

It also affects the competency to cope with stress, maintain relationship, and

surmount lapses and adversities of life. The increasing growth of mental

health crisis in college universities across country is very alarming, Thus, this

study is conducted to support the students based on their psychosocial

concerns and related behaviours as basis of an innovative mental intervention

for college students.

The study will be significant to the following:

Students of MSU IIT:

The result of the study will provide a most recent baseline data on the

psychosocial concerns and related behaviours of college students that will

serve as a basis in designing a scientifically-sound and evidence-based

mental health intervention.

Office of the Guidance Councillors:

The findings of this study will provide various psychosocial concerns of

college students and preferred ways student can be reached out as the need

may arise.

Parents:

The findings of this study will be important information for parents to

address college students psychosocial concerns and related behaviour.

Thereby, enhancing parents role towards their children holistic development.

Teachers:

The findings of this study will provide teachers the areas by which

students needs intervention where in the teachers can facilitate and engage

activity for students total human formation

College Executive Council:

The study will benefit the executive officers and members in aligning

year around activities that responds to the needs of the student in general and

in student needing special attention

Future Researchers:

This study will serve as basis towards the development phase of the

projects using the evaluation results gathered and may be also served as

basis for researches for identification of ways to improve students

performances.
 CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter review of related literature and studies which have

significant relation to the present study. The following reviews focused on

psychosocial concerns of college students in the international, national,

regional and local levels, related behaviours, mental health support and

Mobile Application Prototype. This also includes discussions of researches in

the foreign and local settings.

Literature Review:

The National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) defined college as an

exciting time, but it can also be very challenging and that depression is the most

common health problem for college students. World Health Organization predicted

that by 2020, depression will be the second leading contributor to the global

burden of disease across all ages they have also defined that mental health is a

state of well-being in which every individual realizes his or her own potential, can

cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is

able to make a contribution to her or his community. In addition, research has

established that mental disorder has a multifaceted causation: biological (age and

sex), psychological (relationships with caregivers during childhood) and social

factors. (WHO, 2011). The term psychosocial tends to be used in at least three

distinct ways. Firstly, it is still frequently used as synonym for mental health. This

is presumably in the belief that it is a less stigmatic term and is required to

emphasize the influence of social circumstances on psychological well-being.

Secondly, it is often used to describe a wide and diverse range of programs

involving recreational, cultural, informal and some-times formal, educational

activities that in previous decades would have fallen under a child or community

development banner. Thirdly, the term can be used to describe the goal of

enhancing the capacity of a com-munity or individual to engage with their

circumstances, and more effectively identify and mobilize resources.

Furthermore, according to American Academy of Pediatrics, Psychosocial

problems and stresses, such as conflicts with parents, breakup of a relationship,

school difficulties or failure, legal difficulties and social isolation, These

precipitating factors often are cited by youths as reasons for attempting suicide.

Thus, this points out the goals of counseling as facilitating behavior change,

enhancing coping skills, promoting decision-making, improving relationships and

facilitating the clients potential (Fuster, 2002).

With the promulgation of the 20/20: A Vision for the Future of

Counseling consensus definition of counseling, Counseling is a professional

relationship that empowers diverse individuals, families, and groups to

accomplish mental health, wellness, education, and career goalsand

counseling also provides educational services to the students to help them

solve their study needs and the school counselor must understand what the

student wants and offer counseling assistants to help he/her solving the

problems. Despite of the significance of mental health for the overall wellbeing

of individuals and societies, it has been largely neglected, or even ignored in

many developing countries (WHO, 2001), while it has also been absent from

the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and other development-related

health agendas (Miranda JJ, 2005). Studies and national survey indicated that

suicide remains the one of the three leading causes of death for youths

between ages of 15 and 24 years as it reflects to the survey of National

Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI) on 2010 which revealed that more than 62

per cent of survey respondents are no longer attending school for a mental

health related reason.

 Adaptation of College Life

Adjusting to college life often means dealing with many things for the

first time all at the same time: learning to live with roommates, handling

finances, taking care of household chores, interacting with people from other

cultures with other beliefs, trying out romantic partnerships. This is in addition

to new academic demands, such as learning how to study effectively and

getting work done on time. Coping skills and related behaviours can help the

youth to navigate through these challenges. Therefore ineffective coping can

lead to anxiety, drinking problems, depression and a multitude of other mental

health problems amongst college students. In an article for Psychology

Today, Gregg Henriques, Ph.D. (2014), notes that an increasing number of

college students experience mental illness and he cites data from an 2012

National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI) survey, which found that half of all

respondents did not receive any mental health education or evaluations prior

to enrolling in college. A study by the Higher Education Research Institute at

University of California, Loa Angeles, emotional health issues have become

more common among entering freshman. Students experience many firsts,

including new lifestyle, friends, roommates, exposure to new cultures and

alternate ways of thinking. (Silver, 2010).

A remarkable study conducted at a university campus in the north-

eastern Unites States, aimed to address the perception amongst college

counsellors that college students nowadays experience more mental illness

than in the past. Across the country, college counselling centers and mental

health clinics are reporting record numbers of students seeking help for issues

such as anxiety and depression. Similar study in by the Association for

University and College Counselling Centre Directors survey on 2014-2015

found that 73.1 per cent of counselling centre directors reported an increase
in the severity of student mental health concerns and related behaviour on

their campuses, while only 1.4 per cent saw a decrease and 25.5 per cent

were unsure. In Europe, Mental health disorder are major health challenge as

each year, nearly 40 per cent of the population suffers from a mental disorder

this include anxiety disorders, depression and other mental health disorders

and experts from the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology

reported that the majority of the mental disorders are untreated (Nauert,

2011). with the annual national online survey of college students about mental

health issues created by the University of Michigan, found that 67 per cent of

2015-2016 BU students reported that there had been at least one day in the

past month when emotional difficulty had impaired their academic

performance, up from 53 per cent in 2012, and 32 per cent reported three or

more such days. About 44 per cent said they thought theyd needed mental

health help in the past year, but only 48 per cent of that group said they had

received help which lead the World Health Organization to predict that by

2020, depression will be the second leading contributor to the global burden

of disease across all ages. In Australia, Based on the study of Forbes-

Mewett, H. and Sawyer which is about Mental Health Issues amongst

International Students in Australia: Perspectives from Professionals at the

Coal-face The 2011 National Summit on the Mental Health of Tertiary

Students draws attention to an increasing incidence of mental health

problems amongst this population. Within this context, they note that Australia

is host to many thousands of international students of an age when mental

illnesses are most likely to surface. Participants reported a significant increase

in the numbers of both international and local students presenting with mental

health problems, together with an increase in the severity of these problems.

The manager of a range of support services, including counselling and health,

argued that a far broader spectrum of university students today accounted

for the bigger variety of problems. The manager also saw the present-day

lives of students as a lot more difficult, with greater pressures to succeed,

than in previous decades, thus leading to increased levels of distress and

anxiety. In South Africa, there are 12% of students in the university

experiences anything from moderate to severe symptoms of depression. And

15% report moderate to severe symptoms of anxiety. One study found that as

many as 24.5% of a large sample of South African students reported some

form of suicidal ideation in the two weeks before they were interviewed.

Although rates of psychological distress are high among university students,

evidence suggests that only one in six students receive minimally adequate

mental health treatment. Even in high income countries theres a significant

mental health treatment gap. About 24% of students in high income countries

receive the care they require. In low and middle income countries the

numbers are much more abysmal. Studies show that in low and middle

income countries between 8% and 11% of students with mental health

problems receive psychological care. The large mental health treatment gap

on university campuses raises questions about whose responsibility it is to

take care of students psychological well-being. Should it be the department of

health, parents or university administrators In South Africa most universities

have student counselling services staffed by professionals who try to meet the

psychological needs of the students who consult them. But these services are

often oversubscribed. That forces administrators to curtail the amount of care

each student can access. As a result many students cannot access even

minimally adequate care to support their on-going psychological health. In the

Philippines, Jean Goulbourn, president of the mental health advocacy group

Natasha Goulbourn Foundation, explained that many Filipinos do not

understand depression. As stated in Bedan Journal of Psychology (2016)

what concerns most is some college students do not actively seek aid for
mental issues and that most feel that the treatments are inadequate varying

on where they were treated. On the Filipino youths views on mental health

revealed that the problems confronting the youth include lack of resources

and conflict within themselves or with other (Lapena, et. Al 2009). From

Philippine Daily Inquirer report, from consecutive months more friends and

fellow students from the university have confided their struggles with

depression and anxiety. Still, a number hide them. Some had themselves

diagnosed, some fear to do so. In year 2017 Senator Joel Villanueva stated

that the access to healthcare and support system are very limited and we

should intensify public education and mandate the setup of support system in

schools and communities to help prevent suicide and this should be

mandated. According to the World Health Organization, the Philippines have

the lowest suicide records among ASEAN countries but most number of

people suffers depression. Suicide rates in Pakistan has the lowest estimated

prevalence of less than 3 per 100,000, followed by Thailand at 7.3 per

100,000. Australia, Malaysia, New Zealand and Singapore have low to

medium rates of between 9.9 and 13.1 per 100,000. Higher rates of above 15

per 100,000 are seen in China, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region

(Hong Kong SAR), and India and still higher rates of above 20 per 100,000

are seen in China, Japan, the Republic of Korea, and Sri Lank (Herbert

Hendin, Lakshmi Vijayuakumar, Jos M. Bertolote, Hong Wang,) The World

Health Organization also noted that because of stigma surrounding suicide, it

is difficult for many people to seek help. "Raising community awareness and

breaking down taboos are important for countries making efforts to prevent

suicide.

Information Communication technology in Health Aspect

The growth in information and communication technologies (ICTs) has

led to rapid innovation in methods for providing behavioral health care, a wide
 field of services including prevention and treatment of both substance use and

psychiatric disorders. Innovations range from updating and enhancing older

technologies, such as electronic health records and telemedicine, to the

thousands of mental healthrelated applications now available on

smartphones. These innovations have created new opportunities to improve

the quality of mental health care, expand access to mental health information,

enable new methods for providing care, encourage patient adherence to

treatment, and even reduce the stigma often associated with seeking

treatment (Breslau et. al 2016)

The use of ICT should be encourage in secondary education because

it can be used to improve the educational programs of guidance counselors

work as well as human capacity in other fields of human endeavors such as

business transactions, industrial operations, among others (Ofodu, 2007;

Bandele, 2006)

Information and communication technologies (ICTs) embody all digital

technologies that support the electronic capture, storage, processing, and

exchange of information in order to promote health, prevent illness, treat

disease, manage chronic illness, and so on. In the health sector, ICTs refer to a

set of projects or services that allow for remote care (telehealth),

interdisciplinary clinical support, as well as knowledge transfer . The use of

ICTs has the potential to promote patient-centered healthcare at a lower cost,

improve quality of care and information sharing, educate health professionals

and patients, encourage a new form of relationship between patients and their

health providers, reduce travel time, etc. Despite these well-known advantages,

the implementation of ICTs in practice remains difficult and involves changes at

different levels, including with respect to patients, healthcare providers, and

healthcare organizations. Nurses constitute the largest health provider group of

the healthcare workforce and as such represent an important target for the ICT
implementation process. Nurses are compelled to deal with the introduction of

ICTs within nursing care, such as telecare technology, which can have impacts

on nursing practices (Rouleau, et. al, 2015).

Mobile Health Application

The world has responded through various innovation and intervention.

The widespread adoption of information technologies and use of mobile

application is opening new and innovative ways to improve health and health

care delivery (Foreman, 2013). As the study of Wyatt, T. & Krauskopf, P.

(June 2012) E-health and Nursing: Using Smartphones to Enhance Nursing

Practice which explains the greatest advantages of using healthcare

applications on smartphones is convenience. Smartphones even assist

healthcare workers with completing their daily tasks and varieties of

applications are available for managing chronic disease, diet, exercise and

lifestyle choices.

ACCESS Health International, an international not for profit think tank

and consulting group, launched a mobile health project to improve maternal

and child care in the Caloocan, Philippines. (Schwarz 2014). The e-AKaP

Project trains and equips frontline community health workers with a mobile

application and tablet to help them monitor and communicate information to

expectant mothers and families. The application identifies health risks and

expedites the development of household profiles and individualized health use

plans. It also delivers targeted multimedia health messages to families and

helps community health workers manage follow up visits. The project and

application make it easier for community health workers to track health

progress. They also facilitate electronic reporting to the City Health Office,

healthcare facilities, and national government offices. e-AKaP is a Tagalog

acronym that stands for e-Action for Universal Health. The project is being

piloted with one hundred community health workers covering about six
thousand households in Caloocan City. It will later expand to other locations.

The e-AKaP project is designed to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of

these health workers. According to Dr. Celino, information stored in the tablets

is updated on a daily basis at the community health centers. There, doctors

validate the data and are able to quickly identify those in need of medical

attention

The e-AKaP Project trains and equips frontline community health

workers in the Philippines with mobile applications and tablets to help monitor

and communicate information to expectant mothers. e-AKaP is a Tagalog

acronym that stands for e-Action for Universal Health Coverage. e-AKaP

addresses many of the daily challenges the community health workers

face.The mobile application expedites the development of individual

household profiles, formulates individualized health use plans for household

members, delivers targeted multimedia health messages, and helps workers

manage follow up and tracking of household members progress with health

use plans. The e-AKaP Project also facilitates electronic reporting on the

health status of households to the City Health Office, healthcare facilities, and

national government offices.

ISO/IEC 9126

The fundamental objective of the ISO/IEC 9126 standard is to address

some of the well known human biases that can adversely affect the delivery

and perception of a software development project. These biases include

changing priorities after the start of a project or not having any clear

definitions of "success". By clarifying, then agreeing on the project priorities

and subsequently converting abstract priorities (compliance) to measurable

values (output data can be validated against schema X with zero

intervention), ISO/IEC 9126 tries to develop a common understanding of the

 project's objectives and goals. The standard is divided into four parts: quality

model, external metrics, internal metrics and quality in use metric.

Function

The quality model presented in the first part of the standard, ISO/IEC 9126-1,

classifies software quality in a structured set of characteristics and sub-

characteristics as follows:

Functionality - "A set of attributes that bear on the existence of a set of

functions and their specified properties. The functions are those that satisfy

stated or implied needs."

Reliability - "A set of attributes that bear on the capability of software to

maintain its level of performance under stated conditions for a stated period of

time."

Usability - "A set of attributes that bear on the effort needed for use, and on

the individual assessment of such use, by a stated or implied set of users."

Efficiency - "A set of attributes that bear on the relationship between the level

of performance of the software and the amount of resources used, under

stated conditions."

Maintainability - "A set of attributes that bear on the effort needed to make

specified modifications."

Portability - "A set of attributes that bear on the ability of software to be

transferred from one environment to another."

Each quality sub-characteristic (e.g. adaptability) is further divided into

attributes. An attribute is an entity which can be verified or measured in the

software product. Attributes are not defined in the standard, as they vary

between different software products.

Software product is defined in a broad sense: it encompasses executables,

source code, architecture descriptions, and so on. As a result, the notion of

user extends to operators as well as to programmers, which are users of

components such as software libraries.

The standard provides a framework for organizations to define a quality model

for a software product. On doing so, however, it leaves up to each

organization the task of specifying precisely its own model. This may be done,

for example, by specifying target values for quality metrics which evaluates

the degree of presence of quality attributes.

 Underpinning Theory

This study is anchored on Hildegard Peplaus Interpersonal theory

(1952) and and Lazarus & Folkman Transactional Model of Stress and Coping

(1984). In this study, the use of advanced technology was used to facilitate

communication among students in order to improve the process of the

guidance counselor and student counseling sessions in the university and

even out of the university.

Peplau emphasized the significance of therapeutic nurse-client relationship.

According to Peplau (1952/1988), nursing is therapeutic because it is a

healing art, assisting an individual who is sick or in need of health care.

Nursing can be viewed as an interpersonal process because it involves

interaction between two or more individuals with a common goal. In nursing,

this common goal provides the incentive for the therapeutic process in which

the nurse and patient respect each other as individuals, both of them learning

and growing as a result of the interaction. Peplau conceptualized clear sets of

nurses roles that can be used by each and every nurse with their practice. It

implies that a nurses duty is not just to care but the profession encompasses

every activity that may affect the care of the patient.

Lazarus stressed appraisal to evaluate harm, threat and challenges,

which results in the process of coping with stressful events (Lazaurus, 1966;

Lazarus & Folkman, 1984). The level of stress experienced in the form of

thoughts, feelings, emotions and behaviors, as a result of external stressors,

depends on appraisals of the situation which involves a judgment about

whether internal or external demands exceed resources and ability to cope

when demands exceed resources (Lazarus & Folkman, 1984.) Lazarus

concluded that the way a person appraises a situation directly influences the
coping process and their emotional reaction, showing that cognitive appraisal

is important in mediating thoughts, feelings and action and is central in

identifying different coping styles.

The first concept in Transactional model of stress and coping process

is the Primary appraisal. In this concept, evaluation of the significance of and

judgement of whether the encounter is irrelevant, benign or stressful. The

designed application prototype will consist a survey to determine what level of

stress the student experiencing. A prototype is an early sample, model, or

release of a product built to test a concept or process or to act as a thing to be

replicated or learned from. It is a term used in a variety of contexts, including

semantics, design, electronics, and software programming. A prototype is

generally used to evaluate a new design to enhance precision by system

analysts and users. Prototyping serves to provide specifications for a real,

working system rather than a theoretical one. In some design workflow

models, creating a prototype (a process sometimes called materialization) is

the step between the formalization and the evaluation of an idea.

The secondary appraisal is the evaluation of controllability of the

encounter in relation to coping resources, and what can be done. After the

survey, there will be options on what type of counseling will be done by the

guidance counselor. The student can choose what type of counseling he/she

wants. It can be thru video chat, voice call, chat or one-on-one counseling.

Strategies used to mediate primary and secondary appraisals evaluating

whether any given option will achieve the desired outcome in the context of

both the individual and the encounter refer to the coping efforts. The coping

strategies will be given to the student during the counseling.

 RESEARCH PARADIGM

INPUT OUTPUT

Demographic profile of the

respondents.

Age
Sex Psychosocial concerns and
Ethnicity related behaviors of college
Course students.
Year level
GPA
Monthly allowance
Living arrangement
 CHAPTER 3

Research Design and Methodology

Research Design

This research is a mixed method research, represents research that involves

collecting, analyzing, and interpreting quantitative and qualitative data in a

single study or in a series of studies that investigate the same underlying

phenomenon (Leech N, 2008). This research design is used to determine the

psychosocial concerns and related behaviors of the college students of

Mindanao State University Iligan institute of technology and further determine

its relationship according to the demographic profile of the student. The

findings will be utilized to design mobile application prototype and will be

serves as the basis in counseling the students regarding their psychosocial

concerns.

Sampling Method

The study will utilize simple random sampling using a fish bowl technique in

which the prospect sample that will be chosen will represent the entire

population. The first step simple random sampling is determining the

population of the officially enrolled students from each college of Mindanao

State University Institute of Technology and randomly select sample base on

the students ID number.

Criteria for the selection of population sample:

1. He or she must be officially enrolled student of Mindanao State University

Iligan Institute of technology School Year 2017-2018

2. He or she must have a basic knowledge in manipulating smartphones.

3. He or she must be willing to participate.

Research Locale

The study will be conducted within Mindanao State University Iligan Institute

of Technology (MSU-IIT) located on A. Bonifacio Avenue, Tibanga, 9200

Iligan City, Lanao del Norte, Philippines.

Figure 1. Map of Mindanao State University Iligan Institute of Technology

(MSU-IIT) located on A. Bonifacio Avenue, Tibanga, 9200 Iligan City, Lanao

lippines.

(Source:https://www.google.com.ph/maps?dcr=0&biw=1366&bih=624&q=map

+of+msu+iit+iligan+city&um=1&ie=UTF8&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjmxMnB4fDW

AhUBS7wKHcw-Df0Q_AUICygC)

Mindanao State University Iligan Institute of Technology is dedicated to

academic excellence with a commitment for the holistic development of the

individual and the society. Founded in 1968 under the provision of Republic

Act (RA) 5363, MSU-IIT is known for its excellence in science and technology

and its passion for extensive research and community involvement. MSU-IIT

is composed of students coming from different cultures and religions from

Mindanao and all over the country as well as from other countries. They are

committed to gearing up students through education regardless of race,

gender, religion, and financial capacity. MSU-IIT offers the quality education

needed by the students to meet the competitive global standards. The

university has 9 degree-granting schools and colleges in addition to the high

school and the graduates study which offers areas to choose according to the

individual talents and passion of the students.

Respondents of the Study

The respondents of the study will be taken, from different colleges: College of

Arts and Social Studies (CASS), College of Business Administration and

Accountancy (CBAA, College of Education (CED), College of Engineering

Technology (COET), College of Nursing CON), College of Science and

Mathematics (CSM) and School of Computer Studies (SCS).

The respondents will be a bonafide student of MSU-IIT within the academic

year 2017-2018, 1st semester and must have satisfied selection criteria set for

the study.

Research instruments

The study will use instrument titled Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being

Scale (WEMWBS) by Stewart-Brown, S. and Janmohamed, K. (2008).

WEMWBS is a 14 item scale of mental well-being covering subjective well-

being and psychological functioning, in which all items are worded positively

and address aspects of positive mental health was developed by researchers

at the Universities of Warwick and Edinburgh, with funding provided by NHS

Health Scotland. The first section of the questionnaire would like the

respondents to circle the numbers with that honestly reflects how frequently

they experience the statement given about feelings and thoughts. over the

last 2 weeks; (1) None of the time (2) Rarely (3) Some of the time (4) Often

(5) All of the time. The second section provides a space for the respondents

to fill up to according to the current worries/psychosocial concerns in the

following areas of their life, and provides box to be checked on what sort of

help the respondent would prefer. The last section will let the respondents

answer the following questions given.

Methods of Data Collection

The data gathering will start on 2nd week of August until 4th week September

of 2017 after compliance and approval by the MSU IITs Institute Ethics

Review Committee (IERC). The data collection is done according to the

phases of the research process for this study.

Following are the phases that will be done for data collection.

Phase 1: Input

The researchers will use a Student Mental Health Self-Assessment

Questionnaire and a pilot testing will be done for 5 days. After providing the

survey, data processing will be done and will be interpreted and will be

analyze by the reputable statistician from MSU-IIT.