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Actuator Formulas
Variable Word Formula w/ Units Simplified Formula
Cylinder Area - A ( Sq. In.) = Radius (inch)2 A = R2
(Sq. In.) = Diameter (inch)2 / 4 A = D2 / 4
Cylinder Force - F (Pounds) = Pressure (psi) Area (sq. in.) F = PA
Cylinder Speed - v (Feet / sec.) = (231 Flow Rate (gpm)) / v = (0.3208 gpm) / A
(12 60 Area)
Cylinder Volume Capacity Volume = Radius2 Stroke (In.) / 231 V = R2 L / 231
-V
(L = length of stroke)
Cylinder Flow Rate - Q Volume = 12 60 Velocity (Ft./Sec.) Q = 3.11688 v A
Net Area(In.)2 / 231
Fluid Motor Torque - T Torque (in. lbs.) = Pressure (psi) disp. T = P d / 6.2822
(in.3 / rev.) / 6.2822
For every 1 hp of drive, the equivalent of 1 gpm @ 1500 psi can be produced.
To idle a pump when it is unloaded will require about 5% of it's full rated power
Each watt will raise the temperature of 1 gallon of oil by 1 F. per hour.
Pump suction lines 2 to 4 feet per second, pressure lines up to 500 psi - 10 to 15 ft./sec., pressure
lines 500 to 3000 psi - 15 to 20 ft./sec.; all oil lines in air-over-oil systems; 4 ft./sec.