Working Conditions for Special Groups

A. Women
a. Women under the Constitution-
Art. II, Sec. 14- The State recognizes the role of women in nation-building, and shall ensure the
fundamental equality before the law of women and men.
Art. XIII, Sec. 14- The State shall protect working women by providing safe and healthful working
conditions, taking into account their maternal functions, and such facilities and opportunities
that will enhance their welfare and enable them to realize their full potential in the service of the
nation.
b. Coverage- Omnibus Rules, Book III, Rule XII, Sec. 1- This Rule shall apply to all employers,
whether operating for profit or not, including educational, religious and charitable institutions,
except to the Government and to government-owned or controlled corporations and to
employers of household helpers and persons in their personal service insofar as such workers are
concerned.
c. Equal treatment before the LAW- RA 9710,
Sec. 2 (par.1)-Recognizing that the economic, political, and sociocultural realities affect women's
current condition, the State affirms the role of women in nation building and ensures the
substantive equality of women and men. It shall promote empowerment of women and pursue
equal opportunities for women and men and ensure equal access to resources and to
development results and outcome. Further, the State realizes that equality of men and women
entails the abolition of the unequal structures and practices that perpetuate discrimination and
inequality. To realize this, the State shall endeavor to develop plans, policies, programs,
measures, and mechanisms to address discrimination and inequality in the economic, political,
social, and cultural life of women and men.
Sec. 12- Equal Treatment Before the Law. - The State shall take steps to review and, when
necessary, amend and/or repeal existing laws that are discriminatory to women within three (3)
years from the effectivity of this Act.
d. Prohibited Acts
i. Nightwork/Exception
ART. 130. Nightwork prohibition. - No woman, regardless of age, shall be employed or
permitted or suffered to work, with or without compensation:
(a) In any industrial undertaking or branch thereof between ten o’clock at night and six
o’clock in the morning of the following day; or
(b) In any commercial or non-industrial undertaking or branch thereof, other than
agricultural, between midnight and six o’clock in the morning of the following day; or
(c) In any agricultural undertaking at nighttime unless she is given a period of rest of not
less than nine (9) consecutive hours.
ART. 131. Exceptions. - The prohibitions prescribed by the preceding Article shall not
apply in any of the following cases:
(a) In cases of actual or impending emergencies caused by serious accident, fire, flood,
typhoon, earthquake, epidemic or other disasters or calamity, to prevent loss of life or
property, or in cases of force majeure or imminent danger to public safety;
(b) In case of urgent work to be performed on machineries, equipment or installation, to
avoid serious loss which the employer would otherwise suffer;
(c) Where the work is necessary to prevent serious loss of perishable goods;
(d) Where the woman employee holds a responsible position of managerial or technical
nature, or where the woman employee has been engaged to provide health and welfare
services;
 (e) Where the nature of the work requires the manual skill and dexterity of women
workers and the same cannot be performed with equal efficiency by male workers;
(f) Where the women employees are immediate members of the family operating the
establishment or undertaking; and
(g) Under other analogous cases exempted by the Secretary of Labor and Employment in
appropriate regulations.
ii. Discrimination-
1. Article 135. Discrimination Prohibited. – It shall be unlawful for any employer to
discriminate against any woman employee with respect to terms and
conditions of employment solely on account of her sex.
The following are acts of discrimination:
(a) Payment of a lesser compensation, including wage, salary or other form of
remuneration and fringe benefits, to a female employee as against a male
employee, for work of equal value; and
(b) Favoring a male employee over a female employee with respect to
promotion, training opportunities, study and scholarship grants solely on
account of their sexes.
Criminal liability for the willful commission of any unlawful act as provided in
this Article or any violation of the rules and regulations issued pursuant to
Section 2 hereof shall be penalized as provided in Articles 288 and 289 of this
Code: Provided, That the institution of any criminal action under this provision
shall not bar the aggrieved employee from filing an entirely separate and
distinct action for money claims, which may include claims for damages and
other affirmative reliefs. The actions hereby authorized shall proceed
independently of each other. (As amended by Republic Act No. 6725, May 12,
1989).

B. Minors
C. Househelpers/Caregivers
D. Homeworkers