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Sustainabledevelopmentgoals
Sustainabledevelopmentgoals:allyou
needtoknow
WiththeUNsummitonthesustainabledevelopmentgoalslooming,findoutmore
aboutthe17initiativesthatcouldtransformtheworldby2030
TheSDGs:changingtheworldin17stepsinteractive
ActivistspushaninflatableglobeonamarchduringRio+20,inRiodeJaneiro,Brazil,June2012.
Photograph:FelipeDana/AP
Globaldevelopmentissupportedby:
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Whatarethesustainabledevelopmentgoals?
Thesustainabledevelopmentgoals(SDGs)areanew,universalsetofgoals,targetsand
indicatorsthatUNmemberstateswillbeexpectedtousetoframetheiragendasand
politicalpoliciesoverthenext15years.
TheSDGsfollowandexpandonthemillenniumdevelopmentgoals(MDGs),which
wereagreedbygovernmentsin2001andareduetoexpireattheendofthisyear.
Whydoweneedanothersetofgoals?
Thereisbroadagreementthat,whiletheMDGsprovidedafocalpointforgovernments
aframeworkaroundwhichtheycoulddeveloppoliciesandoverseasaidprogrammes
designedtoendpovertyandimprovethelivesofpoorpeopleaswellasarallying
pointforNGOstoholdthemtoaccount,theyweretoonarrow.
TheeightMDGsreducepovertyandhungerachieveuniversaleducationpromote
genderequalityreducechildandmaternaldeathscombatHIV,malariaandother
diseasesensureenvironmentalsustainabilitydevelopglobalpartnershipsfailedto
considertherootcausesofpovertyandoverlookedgenderinequalityaswellasthe
holisticnatureofdevelopment.Thegoalsmadenomentionofhumanrightsanddid
notspecificallyaddresseconomicdevelopment.WhiletheMDGs,intheory,appliedto
allcountries,inrealitytheywereconsideredtargetsforpoorcountriestoachieve,with
financefromwealthystates.Conversely,everycountrywillbeexpectedtowork
towardsachievingtheSDGs.
AstheMDGdeadlineapproaches,about1billionpeoplestillliveonlessthan$1.25a
daytheWorldBankmeasureonpovertyandmorethan800millionpeopledonot
haveenoughfoodtoeat.Womenarestillfightinghardfortheirrights,andmillionsof
womenstilldieinchildbirth.
Whataretheproposed17goals?
1)Endpovertyinallitsformseverywhere
2)Endhunger,achievefoodsecurityandimprovednutrition,andpromotesustainable
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11/18/2015 Sustainabledevelopmentgoals:allyouneedtoknow|Globaldevelopment|TheGuardian
agriculture
3)Ensurehealthylivesandpromotewellbeingforallatallages
4)Ensureinclusiveandequitablequalityeducationandpromotelifelonglearning
opportunitiesforall
5)Achievegenderequalityandempowerallwomenandgirls
6)Ensureavailabilityandsustainablemanagementofwaterandsanitationforall
7)Ensureaccesstoaffordable,reliable,sustainableandmodernenergyforall
8)Promotesustained,inclusiveandsustainableeconomicgrowth,fullandproductive
employment,anddecentworkforall
9)Buildresilientinfrastructure,promoteinclusiveandsustainableindustrialisation,
andfosterinnovation
10)Reduceinequalitywithinandamongcountries
11)Makecitiesandhumansettlementsinclusive,safe,resilientandsustainable
12)Ensuresustainableconsumptionandproductionpatterns
13)Takeurgentactiontocombatclimatechangeanditsimpacts(takingnoteof
agreementsmadebytheUNFCCCforum)
14)Conserveandsustainablyusetheoceans,seasandmarineresourcesforsustainable
development
15)Protect,restoreandpromotesustainableuseofterrestrialecosystems,sustainably
manageforests,combatdesertificationandhaltandreverselanddegradation,andhalt
biodiversityloss
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16)Promotepeacefulandinclusivesocietiesforsustainabledevelopment,provide
accesstojusticeforallandbuildeffective,accountableandinclusiveinstitutionsatall
levels
17)Strengthenthemeansofimplementationandrevitalisetheglobalpartnershipfor
sustainabledevelopment
Withinthegoalsare169targets,toputabitofmeatonthebones.Targetsundergoal
one,forexample,includereducingbyatleasthalfthenumberofpeoplelivingin
povertyby2030,anderadicatingextremepoverty(peoplelivingonlessthan$1.25a
day).Undergoalfive,theresatargetoneliminatingviolenceagainstwomen,while
goal16hasatargettopromotetheruleoflawandequalaccesstojustice.
Howwerethegoalschosen?
UnliketheMDGs,whichweredrawnupbyagroupofmeninthebasementofUN
headquarters(orsothelegendgoes),theUNhasconductedthelargestconsultation
programmeinitshistorytogaugeopiniononwhattheSDGsshouldinclude.
Establishingpost2015goalswasanoutcomeoftheRio+20summitin2012,which
mandatedthecreationofanopenworkinggrouptocomeupwithadraftagenda.
Theopenworkinggroup,withrepresentativesfrom70countries,haditsfirstmeeting
inMarch2013andpublisheditsfinaldraft,withits17suggestions,inJuly2014.The
draftwaspresentedtotheUNgeneralassemblyinSeptemberlastyear.Memberstate
negotiationsfollowed,andthefinalwordingofthegoalsandtargets,andthepreamble
anddeclarationthatcomeswiththem,wereagreedinAugust2015.
Alongsidetheopenworkinggroupdiscussions,theUNconductedaseriesofglobal
conversations.Theseincluded11thematicand83nationalconsultations,anddoorto
doorsurveys.TheUNalsolaunchedanonlineMyWorldsurveyaskingpeopleto
prioritisetheareastheydliketoseeaddressedinthegoals.Theresultsofthe
consultationswerefedintothetheworkinggroupsdiscussions.
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Aregovernmentshappyabouttheproposed17goals?
Themajorityseemtobe,butahandfulofmemberstates,includingtheUKandJapan,
arentsokeen.Somecountriesfeelthatanagendaconsistingof17goalsistoounwieldy
toimplementorselltothepublic,andwouldpreferanarrowerbrief.Orsotheysay.
Somebelievetheunderlyingreasonistogetridofsomeofthemoreuncomfortable
goals,suchasthoserelatingtotheenvironment.Britainsprimeminister,David
Cameron,haspubliclysaidhewants12goalsatthemost,preferably10.Itsnotclear,
though,whichgoalstheUKgovernmentwouldliketakenoutiftheyhadthechoice.
AminaMohammed,theUNsecretarygeneralsspecialadviseronpost2015
developmentplanning,saidithadbeenahardfighttogetthenumberofgoalsdownto
17,sotherewouldbestrongresistancetoreducingthemfurther.
SomeNGOsalsobelievetherearetoomanygoals,butthereisageneralconsensusthat
itisbettertohave17goalsthatincludetargetsonwomensempowerment,good
governance,andpeaceandsecurity,forexample,thanfewergoalsthatdontaddress
theseissues.
Howwillthegoalsbemeasured?
Theindicatorsarestillbeingthrashedoutbyanexpertgroup.Eachindicatorisbeing
assessedforitsfeasibility,suitabilityandrelevance,androughlytwoforeachtargetare
expected.TheindicatorsareduetobefinalisedinMarch2016.
Howwillthegoalsbefunded?
Thatsthetrilliondollarquestion.Roughcalculationsfromtheintergovernmental
committeeofexpertsonsustainabledevelopmentfinancinghaveputthecostof
providingasocialsafetynettoeradicateextremepovertyatabout$66bn(43bn)a
year,whileannualinvestmentsinimprovinginfrastructure(water,agriculture,
transport,power)couldbeuptoatotalof$7tnglobally.
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Initsreportlastyear,thecommitteesaidpublicfinanceandaidwouldbecentralto
supporttheimplementationoftheSDGs.Butitinsistedthatmoneygeneratedfromthe
privatesector,throughtaxreforms,andthroughacrackdownonillicitfinancialflows
andcorruption,wasalsovital.
AmajorconferenceonfinancingfortheSDGs,heldintheEthiopiancapitalAddis
AbabainJuly,failedtoeaseconcernsthattherewillnotbeenoughcashtomeetthe
aspirationalnatureofthegoals.TheUNsaidtheAddisAbabaactionagenda(AAAAfor
short)containedboldmeasurestooverhaulglobalfinancepracticesandgenerate
investmentfortacklingthechallengesofsustainabledevelopment.Itincludeda
recommitmenttotheUNtargetonaidspending0.7%ofGNIsetmorethan40
yearsagoandpledgestocollectmoretaxesandfighttaxevasion.Butcivilsociety
groupswerelessimpressed,sayingthesummithadfailedtoproducenewmoneyto
fundthegoals,orofferwaystotransformtheinternationalfinancesystem.Callsfora
newinternationaltaxbodyfellondeafears.
Whenwillthenewgoalscomeintoforce?
TheSDGswillbeofficiallyadoptedataUNsummitinNewYorkinSeptember,andwill
becomeapplicablefromJanuary2016.ThedeadlinefortheSDGSis2030.
Thisarticlewasupdatedon3September2015
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comments(8)
Thisdiscussionisclosedforcomments.
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RogerHudson 3
19Jan201522:02
Humans,stillwantingtoeattheircakeandhaveitforlateraswell.
Inthefaceofclimatechange,whateverthecauses,thewholeideaof'development'ispathetic.
Report
RakibMohammadAvi 0
19Jan201523:04
Ithinkfundingisthekeyissueinhereaswellashowtoactuallymeasuretheprogress.Lackof
clearandmeasurablegoalswouldonlyalienatetheSDGstogovernmentsresponsibleof
implementingthem.
Report
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