2013-2015 CRS of Selected Commodities

Updated
Republic of the Philippines

Philippine Statistics Authority
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE
Foreword i
Table of Contents ii
List of Figures iii
List of Tables iv
Assumptions and Procedures Used in Updating the
Cost of Production for Other Crops v
Assumptions and Procedures Used in Updating the
Cost of Production for Milkfish
vii
Summary of Findings 1
FRUITS 1
Calamansi 1
Durian 1
Mango 2
Papaya 2
Pineapple 3
Watermelon 3
NUTS 4
Cashew 4
Pili 4
ROOT CROPS 5
Cassava 5
Sweet Potato 5
BULBS 6
Onion (Bulb) 6
Onion (Multiplier) 6
Garlic 7
VEGETABLES 7
Ampalaya 7
Cabbage 8
Carrot 8
Cauliflower 9
Eggplant 9
Habitchuelas 10
Potato 10
Stringbeans 11
Tomato 11
LEGUMES 12
Mongo 12
Peanut 12
COMMERCIAL CROP 13
Coffee 13
FISHERIES 13
Milkfish 13
Tilapia 14
ii
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE NO. TITLE PAGE
Returns on Investment of Selected Fruits, Philippines,

1 18
2014 - 2015
Returns on Investment of Selected Nuts, Philippines,
2 26
2014 - 2015
Returns on Investment of Selected Root Crops,
3 30
Philippines, 2014 - 2015
Returns on Investment of Selected Bulbs, Philippines,
4 34
2014 - 2015
Returns on Investment of Selected Vegetables,
5 39
Returns on Investment of Selected Legumes,
6 50
Returns on Investment of Selected Commercial Crop,
7 54
Returns on Investment of Selected Fisheries,
8 57
iii
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE NO. TITLE PAGE
Summary of Costs of Production, Selected

1 16
Commodities, Philippines, 2015
Calamansi: Updated Average Costs of Production,
2 19
Durian: Updated Average Costs of Production,
3 20
Mango: Updated Average Costs of Production,
4 21
Papaya: Updated Average Costs of Production,
5 22
Pineapple: Updated Average Costs of Production,
6 23
Watermelon: Updated Average Costs of Production,
7 24
Cashew Nuts: Updated Average Costs of Production,
8 27
Pili Nuts: Updated Average Costs of Production,
9 28
Cassava: Updated Average Costs of Production,
10 31
Sweet Potato: Updated Average Costs of Production,
11 32
Onion (Red): Updated Average Costs of Production,
12 35
Onion (Multiplier): Updated Average Costs of
13 36
Production, Philippines, 2013 - 2015
Garlic: Updated Average Costs of Production,
14 37
Ampalaya: Updated Average Costs of Production,
15 40
iv
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE NO. TITLE PAGE
Cabbage: Updated Average Costs of Production,

16 41
Carrot: Updated Average Costs of Production,
17 42
Cauliflower: Updated Average Costs of Production,
18 43
Eggplant: Updated Average Costs of Production,
19 44
Habitchuelas: Updated Average Costs of Production,
20 45
White Potato: Updated Average Costs of Production,
21 46
Stringbeans: Updated Average Costs of Production,
22 47
Tomato: Updated Average Costs of Production,
23 48
Mongo: Updated Average Costs of Production,
24 51
Peanut: Updated Average Costs of Production,
25 52
Coffee: Updated Average Costs of Production,
26 55
Milkfish: Updated Average Costs of Production,
27 58
Tilapia: Updated Average Costs of Production,
28 59
v
ASSUMPTIONS AND PROCEDURES USED IN UPDATING
THE COSTS OF PRODUCTION FOR MILKFISH
ITEM BASIS/PROCEDURE
1. Stocking materials (fry, fingerlings) - movement of farmgate prices
(Cash, Non-cash and Imputed)
2. Fertilizer
Organic - movement of the retail prices of all fertilizer
quantity used from the survey results multiplied by the
Inorganic - current retail price of fertilizer by grade
3. Feeds - movement of CPI for all items
4. Pesticides, other chemicals, other inputs - movement of the retail prices for all types of pesticides
5. Land tax - 1% per annum
6. Rental: Land - movement of farmgate prices
Machine, tools and equipment
7. Labor cost (hired, unpaid operator, family and
movement of agricultural wage rates
exchange labor
8. Fuel and oil - movement of CPI for fuel and oil
9. Transport cost of inputs - movement of CPI for transport
10. Irrigation fee - movement of farmgate prices
11. License/permit - movement of Fishpond Lease Agreement (FLA) rates
12. Interest payment on crop loans - increase of 10.0 percent per annum
13. Electricity - movement of CPI for light
14. Food expense - movement of CPI for food
15. Repairs - movement of CPI for minor repairs
16. Other expense (containers, etc) - movement of CPI for all items
17. Other laborer's share - movement of agricultural wage rates
18. Landlord's share - movement of farmgate prices
19. Harvester's share - movement of gross value of yield
20. Lease rental - movement of farmgate prices
21. Depreciation - increase of 10.0 percent per annum
22. Interest on operating capital - based on Average Lending Rates from BSP
23. Rental value of owned land - movement of farmgate prices
vi
ASSUMPTIONS AND PROCEDURES USED IN UPDATING
THE COSTS OF PRODUCTION FOR OTHER CROPS
ITEM BASIS/PROCEDURE
1. Cost of seeds/planting materials
(Cash, Non-cash and Imputed)
2. Irrigation fee
3. Lease rental movement of the farmgate price
4. Rental value of owned land
5. Landlord's share
6. Harvester/thresher/sheller's share - movement of the gross value of yield
7. Cost of fertilizer - current retail price of fertilizer by grade
8. Cost of pesticides
Solid - movement of the retail price for selected pesticides
Liquid -
current retail price of pesticides
9. Soil ameliorants - movement of the retail price of fertilizer
10. Cost of mulching materials - movement of the retail price of fertilizer
11. Labor costs (hired, unpaid operator, family and number of mandays from the survey results multiplied by
- the current agricultural wage rates
exchange labor
12. Rentals (tools, equipment, machine and animals) - movement of agricultural wage rates
13. Food cost - movement of CPI for food
14. Transport cost - movement of CPI for transport
15. Fuel and oil - movement of CPI for fuel and oil
16. Repair cost - movement of CPI for minor repairs
17. Electricity cost - movement of CPI for light
18. Interest on crop loans - increase of 10.0 percent per annum
19. Other production costs - movement of CPI for all items
20. Depreciation cost - increase of 10.0 percent per annum
21. Interest on operating capital - based on Average Lending Rates from BSP
22. Land tax - increase of 1.0 percent per annum
vii
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS
FRUITS
CALAMANSI
In 2015, production cost of calamansi averaged P59,630 per hectare. Average

yield per hectare was 8,137 kilograms valued at P149,802.
Returns above cash costs amounted to P108,425 per hectare. Returns above cash
and non-cash costs figured to P107,187 per hectare in 2015.
Calamansi production during the reference period netted P90,172 per hectare.
Cost per kilogram averaged P7.33 while farmgate price per kilogram settled at
P18.41.
Calamansi producer earned P1.51 for every peso of investment during the
reference year.
DURIAN
Durian production entailed an average cost of P84,721 per hectare in 2015. Yield
per hectare of 5,257 kilograms generated gross receipts at P158,341.
Returns after deducting cash costs amounted to P135,167 per hectare. After both
cash and non-cash costs were accounted for, returns averaged P89,496 per
hectare. After subtracting all costs, net returns settled at P73,620 per hectare.
On a per kilogram basis, costs averaged P16.12 and the farmers selling price was
P30.12 in 2015.
Net profit-cost ratio stood at 0.87 in 2015.
1
MANGO
The maintenance costs for mango production amounted to P73,572 per hectare.
Average yield per hectare was 4,791 kilograms and corresponded to a gross value
of P130,794 in 2015.
Returns above cash costs averaged P87,824 per hectare while returns above cash
and non-cash costs figured to P82,944 per hectare.
After all costs were deducted, net profit was estimated at P57,223 per hectare.
Per kilogram, production cost amounted to P15.36 and farmers price at P27.30.
Producers earned P0.78 for every peso of investment in mango farming in 2015.
PAPAYA
Producers spent P143,192 for the maintenance of a hectare of papaya production.

Yield per hectare in 2015 at 22,284 kilograms was valued at P216,823.
After cash expenses were deducted, returns averaged P108,748 per hectare.
Subtracting cash and non-cash costs, returns amounted to P108,497 per hectare
during the reference year.
Net profit was estimated at P73,632 per hectare in 2015.
Cost of production per kilogram averaged P6.43. Meanwhile, farmgate price was
P9.73 per kilogram.
The net profit-cost ratio for papaya production was 0.51.
2
PINEAPPLE
The cost of producing a hectare of pineapple averaged P67,318 in 2015. Yield per
hectare at 41,118 kilograms amounted to P333,467.
Returns after cash costs amounted to P272,266 per hectare. After all cash and
non-cash costs were deducted, returns reached P271,382 per hectare.
Net of all costs, profit averaged P266,149 per hectare during the reference year.
Per kilogram, production cost was P1.64 while farmgate price was P8.11.
Producers gained P3.95 for every peso invested in pineapple production.
WATERMELON
Production of watermelon incurred an average cost of P62,622 per hectare in 2015.

At a yield of 20,122 kilograms per hectare, gross earnings amounted to P237,238
during the year in review.
Per hectare, returns above cash costs stood at P195,417 and returns over the
combined cash and non-cash costs figured to P194,882.
Net returns settled at P174,616 in 2015.
The cost of producing per kilogram of watermelon was P3.11. Price received by
farmers averaged P11.79 per kilogram.
For every peso invested in watermelon production, growers earned P2.79.
3
NUTS
CASHEW NUTS
The maintenance costs incurred for producing a hectare of cashew nuts averaged
P6,519 in 2015. Gross earnings amounted to P21,282 with a yield of 718 kilograms
per hectare.
Less of cash costs, cashew farmers generated average returns of P20,320 per
hectare. Subtracting both the cash and non-cash costs, returns settled at P19,883
per hectare.
After all costs were deducted, cashew nut producers netted P14,763 per hectare
during the same period.
Production cost per kilogram was P9.08. Producers price was P29.64 in 2015.
For every peso invested in cashew nut farming, farmers net gain was P2.26 in
2015
PILI NUTS
The cost of pili nut production averaged P35,589 per hectare. With an average
yield per hectare of 3,218 kilograms in 2015, gross receipts amounted to P125,985.
Returns above cash costs amounted to P118,357 per hectare. Returns of P99,173
per hectare were realized when cash and non-cash costs were deducted.
After all costs were accounted for, net returns figured to P90,396 per hectare.
Per kilogram, production cost was P11.06 while selling price of farmers was P39.15
Net profit of P2.54 was generated per peso invested in pili nut production in 2015.
4
ROOTCROPS
CASSAVA
Production cost per hectare of cassava averaged P22,349 in 2015. Yield per
hectare was 12,157 kilograms equivalent to gross receipts of P66,256.
Less of cash costs, returns amounted to P57,123 per hectare. After subtracting
cash and non-cash costs, returns settled at P55,809 per hectare.
Net profit of P43,906 per hectare was generated after accounting for all costs.
Production cost per kilogram of cassava was P1.84. Farmers price was quoted at
P5.45 per kilogram.
Net profit-cost ratio was 1.96 in 2015.
SWEET POTATO
Sweet potato farmers incurred an average production cost of P30,615 per hectare
in 2015. Yield per hectare at 6,244 kilograms generated gross earnings of
P90,538.
Returns above cash costs amounted to P76,592 per hectare. Returns above cash
and non-cash costs averaged P72,927 per hectare in 2015.
Considering all costs, sweet potato producers netted P59,923 per hectare during
the reference year.
On a per kilogram basis, production cost was P4.90 and farmgate price was
P14.50.
For every peso of investment in sweet potato production, farmers earned P1.96 in
2015.
5
BULBS
ONION (RED)
The cost of producing red onion averaged P129,520 per hectare in 2015. With a
yield of 13,253 kilograms per hectare, gross value of production amounted to
P416,542.
Returns after cash costs were deducted amounted to P314,458 per hectare while
returns above cash and non-cash costs figured to P306,700 per hectare.
Net returns settled at P287,022 in 2015.
The average production cost was P9.77 per kilogram and the farmers price of
onion was P31.43 per kilogram.
For every peso of investment in onion production, farmers netted P2.22.
ONION (MULTIPLIER)
For the multiplier type of onion, the average production cost was estimated at
P96,314 in 2015. Yield per hectare at 9,385 kilograms generated gross earnings of
P190,140.
After subtracting cash costs, returns amounted to P134,248 per hectare. Less of
cash and non-cash costs, returns settled at P114,293 per hectare.
Accounting for all costs, net returns amounted to P93,826 per hectare in 2015.
On a per kilogram basis, production costs averaged P10.26 while the farmgate
price was P20.26.
Farmers realized a net gain of P0.97 for every peso of investment in the production
of this type of onion.
6
GARLIC
Garlic farmers incurred an average production cost of P108,040 per hectare in

2015. Gross receipts amounted to P309,380 from an average yield of 3,797
kilograms per hectare.
Net of cash costs, returns amounted to P260,846 per hectare. After subtracting
cash and non-cash costs, returns settled at P240,250 per hectare in 2015.
Garlic production in 2015 netted an average of P201,340 per hectare.
The cost of producing garlic per kilogram was P28.45. Farmgate price per kilogram
was P81.48.
Farmers realized a net gain of P1.86 for every peso of investment in garlic
production.
VEGETABLES
AMPALAYA
Ampalaya production in 2015 recorded an average cost of P155,452 per hectare.

Yield per hectare at 8,362 kilograms corresponded to gross value of P256,881.
Returns above cash costs amounted to P177,853 per hectare while returns above
cash and non-cash costs figured to P174,648 per hectare.
After all costs were deducted, ampalaya producers netted P101,429 per hectare.
Per kilogram, production cost stood at P18.59 while farmgate price settled at
P30.72 in 2015.
The net profit-cost ratio for ampalaya production was computed at 0.65 in 2015.
7
CABBAGE
The cost of producing cabbage in the country averaged P126,855 per hectare in
2015. With a yield of 15,374 kilograms, gross earnings amounted to P309,786.
When cash costs were deducted from gross returns, farmers earned an average of
P233,384 per hectare. Less of cash and non-cash costs, returns reached
P233,251 per hectare.
After all costs were accounted for, net returns amounted to P182,931 per hectare in
2015.
Production cost per kilogram was estimated at P8.25 while farmgate price was
P20.15 per kilogram during the reference year.
In 2015, producers earned P1.44 per peso of investment in cabbage production.
CARROT
Carrot production incurred an average cost of P93,819 per hectare in 2015. Yield
per hectare of 14,344 kilograms corresponded to gross receipts of P370,936.
Returns above cash costs averaged P312,074 per hectare while the returns above
the combined cash and non-cash costs figured to P312,050 per hectare.
Carrot production netted an average of P277,117 per hectare in 2015.
On the average, cost of producing a kilogram of carrot was P6.54 in 2015.

Farmers selling price was P25.86 per kilogram.
For every peso of investment in carrot production, farmers had a net gain of P2.95.
8
CAULIFLOWER
The cost of cauliflower production in 2015 averaged P108,997 per hectare. Yield
per hectare was 10,997 kilograms equivalent to gross earnings of P371,039 during
the period.
After cash costs were deducted, returns averaged P295,332 per hectare. After
deducting cash and non-cash costs, returns reached P290,280 per hectare.
Net returns from cauliflower production averaged P262,042 per hectare in 2015.
Per kilogram, production cost averaged P9.91 while farmgate price was quoted at
P33.74.
Net profit-cost ratio of 2.40 was realized in 2015.
EGGPLANT
Eggplant farmers incurred an average cost of P126,847 per hectare in 2015. With
an average yield of 11,084 kilograms per hectare, gross output value amounted to
P196,741 during the reference year.
After subtracting cash costs, returns amounted to P113,122 per hectare. Less of
cash and non-cash costs, returns averaged P109,603 per hectare.
After all costs were accounted for, eggplant farmers netted P69,894 per hectare.
On a per kilogram basis, production cost was estimated at P11.44 and farmgate
price was P17.75 in 2015.
For every peso of investment in eggplant production, farmers earned P0.55.
9
HABITCHUELAS
The cost of producing a hectare of habitchuelas amounted to P81,513 in 2015.

Gross earnings reached P107,062 from an average yield of 4,550 kilograms per
hectare.
Returns above cash costs averaged P63,970 per hectare while returns above cash
and non-cash costs figured to P62,259 per hectare.
Net returns settled at P25,548 per hectare in 2015.
On a per kilogram basis, the cost of habitchuelas production amounted to P17.92

while farmgate price stood at P23.53.
The net profit-cost ratio for habitchuelas production was 0.31.
WHITE POTATO
Production cost of white potato averaged P158,858 per hectare in 2015. Yield per
hectare was 15,107 kilograms which corresponded to gross earnings of P320,722
Less of cash costs, returns amounted to P218,461 per hectare. When both cash
and non-cash costs were deducted, returns figured to P211,035.
Net profit from potato production was estimated at P161,864 per hectare in 2015.
The average production cost of potato was P10.52 per kilogram. Farmers sold
potato at P21.23 per kilogram in 2015.
A peso invested in potato production generated net gain of P1.02.
10
STRINGBEANS
Production cost of stringbeans averaged P142,421 per hectare in 2015. Yield per
hectare was 18,386 kilograms and grossed P453,399 during the year.
After deducting cash costs, returns amounted to P384,346 per hectare. Accounting
for both cash and non-cash costs, returns settled at P380,874 per hectare.
Net gain averaged P310,978 per hectare.
Production cost per kilogram averaged P7.75. Farmgate price was P24.66 per
kilogram.
Net profit-cost ratio stood at 2.18 in 2015.
TOMATO
Tomato producers incurred an average production cost of P92,257 per hectare.

Yield per hectare was 13,286 kilograms corresponding to gross earnings of
P202,877 in 2015.
Subtracting cash costs, returns amounted to P132,448 per hectare. Net of cash
and non-cash costs, returns averaged P129,088 per hectare during the reference
period.
After all costs were deducted, net returns averaged P110,620 per hectare.
The cost of producing a kilogram of tomato was P6.94 while price received by
farmers was P15.27 per kilogram.
A peso invested in tomato production generated net earnings of P1.20 in 2015.
11
LEGUMES
MONGO
The cost of producing mongo averaged P17,858 per hectare in 2015. At yield of
812 kilograms per hectare, mongo farmers grossed P46,162.
Returns after deducting cash costs amounted to P39,261 per hectare while returns
less of cash and non-cash costs stood at P36,036.
Net of all costs, returns settled at P28,305 per hectare in 2015.
Production cost per kilogram for mongo was P21.99. Farmgate price was P56.85
per kilogram.
For every peso invested in mongo production, a net gain of P1.59 was realized in
2015.
PEANUT
Peanut production incurred an average cost of P32,383 per hectare in 2015. Yield
per hectare at 1,643 kilograms generated gross earnings at P66,788 during the
reference year.
Net of cash costs, returns amounted to P48,615 per hectare. After cash and non-
cash costs were considered, returns reached P44,579 per hectare in 2015.
A net gain of P34,405 was generated after accounting for all costs.
Per kilogram, production cost averaged P19.71 while price received was P40.65 in
2015.
A farmer earned P1.06 for every peso invested in peanut production.
12
COMMERCIAL CROP
COFFEE
The maintenance cost in coffee production averaged P31,727 per hectare in 2015.
Yield per hectare averaged 636 kilograms equivalent to gross receipts of P51,344.
Returns after cash costs were deducted amounted to P29,689 per hectare. Net of
cash and non-cash costs, returns averaged P28,545 per hectare.
Net profit was estimated at P19,617 per hectare in 2015.
Production cost per kilogram averaged P49.89 while farmers price was quoted at
P80.73 per kilogram.
Per peso of investment in coffee production, farmers netted P0.62 in 2015.
FISHERIES
MILKFISH
The cost of producing a hectare of milkfish in brackishwater fishpond amounted to

P39,087 in 2015. Yield of 988 kilograms per hectare grossed P88,594.
After deducting cash costs, returns averaged P58,449 per hectare. Returns
above cash and non-cash costs amounted to P57,756 per hectare in 2015.
Milkfish producers netted P49,507 per hectare in 2015.
Per kilogram, production cost was P39.56 while farmgate price was P89.67.
For every peso invested in milkfish production, growers earned P1.27 in 2015.
13
TILAPIA
In 2015, tilapia production incurred an average cost of P262,704 per hectare. Yield
per hectare of 5,613 kilograms generated gross earnings of P416,653 during the
year.
When cash costs were deducted, returns amounted to P188,497 per hectare.
Returns above cash and non-cash costs were P186,187 per hectare.
Net returns after deducting all costs amounted to P153,949 per hectare in 2015.
Per kilogram, cost was estimated at P46.80 and farmgate price was P74.23.
For every peso of investment in tilapia production, net gain was P0.59 in 2015.
14
TABLES
AND
FIGURES
15
TABLE 1. SUMMARY OF COSTS OF PRODUCTION, SELECTED AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES, PHILIPPINES, 2015
Commodity Gross Total Net Net Profit- Return on Yield per Farmgate Cost per
Returns Costs Returns Cost Ratio Investments Hectare Price Kilogram
(in pesos/hectare) (in percent) (kg/ha)
FRUITS
Calamansi 149,802 59,630 90,172 1.51 151 8,137 18.41 7.33
Durian 158,341 84,721 73,620 0.87 87 5,257 30.12 16.12
Mango 130,794 73,572 57,223 0.78 78 4,791 27.30 15.36
Papaya 216,823 143,236 73,587 0.51 51 22,284 9.73 6.43
Pineapple 244,062 67,058 177,004 2.64 264 38,435 6.35 1.74
Watermelon 237,238 62,635 174,603 2.79 279 20,122 11.79 3.11
NUTS
Cashew 21,282 6,519 14,763 2.26 226 718 29.64 9.08
Pili 125,985 35,589 90,396 2.54 254 3,218 39.15 11.06
ROOT CROPS
Cassava 66,256 22,349 43,906 1.96 196 12,157 5.45 1.84
Sweet Potato 90,538 30,615 59,923 1.96 196 6,244 14.50 4.90
BULBS
Onion (Red Creole) 416,542 129,520 287,022 2.22 222 13,253 31.43 9.77
Onion (Multiplier) 190,140 96,314 93,826 0.97 97 9,385 20.26 10.26
Garlic 309,380 108,040 201,340 1.86 186 3,797 81.48 28.45
VEGETABLES
Ampalaya 256,881 155,452 101,429 0.65 65 8,362 30.72 18.59
Cabbage 309,786 126,855 182,931 1.44 144 15,374 20.15 8.25
Carrot 370,936 93,819 277,117 2.95 295 14,344 25.86 6.54
Cauliflower 371,039 108,997 262,042 2.40 240 10,997 33.74 9.91
Eggplant 196,741 126,847 69,894 0.55 55 11,084 17.75 11.44
Habitchuelas 107,062 81,513 25,548 0.31 31 4,550 23.53 17.92
White potato 320,722 158,858 161,864 1.02 102 15,107 21.23 10.52
Stringbeans 453,399 142,421 310,978 2.18 218 18,386 24.66 7.75
Tomato 202,877 92,257 110,620 1.20 120 13,286 15.27 6.94
LEGUMES
Mongo 46,162 17,858 28,305 1.59 159 812 56.85 21.99
Peanut 66,788 32,383 34,405 1.06 106 1,643 40.65 19.71
COMMERCIAL CROP
Coffee 51,344 31,727 19,617 0.62 62 636 80.73 49.89
FISHERIES
Milkfish 88,594 39,087 49,507 1.27 127 988 89.67 39.56
Tilapia 416,653 262,704 153,949 0.59 59 5,613 74.23 46.80
16
FRUITS
17
Figure 1. Returns on Investment (ROI) of Selected Fruits,
Philippines
(in percent)
395
400 381
350
300 279
250 232
188 2014
200
152 2015
150
87
100 77 78
49 51 51
50
18
TABLE 2. CALAMANSI: UPDATED AVERAGE COSTS OF PRODUCTION, PHILIPPINES, 2013 - 2015
ITEM 2013 2014R 2015P

(in pesos per hectare)
CASH COST 39,820 40,859 41,377
Fertilizer 6,046 5,467 5,223
Pesticides 920 921 915
Hired labor 27,822 29,227 29,975
Wages for overseer 593 623 639
Land tax 426 430 434
Rentals 105 120 111
Fuel and oil 622 636 580
Transport of inputs 574 579 579
Interest on crop loan 41 45 50
Food expense 1,204 1,289 1,323
Repairs 1,455 1,507 1,535
Irrigation fee 12 15 13
NON-CASH COST 1,185 1,358 1,238

Hired labor paid in kind 84 86 88
Wages for overseer (paid in kind) 313 321 329
Landlord's share 102 124 106
Harvester's share 386 463 403
Lease rental 300 364 312
IMPUTED COST 15,868 17,590 17,015

Operator and family labor 5,759 6,050 6,204
Exchange labor 12 12 13
Depreciation 2,207 2,428 2,671
Interest on operating capital 2,038 2,004 2,051
Rental value of owned land 5,852 7,096 6,076
TOTAL COSTS 56,873 59,807 59,630
GROSS RETURNS 143,578 172,237 149,802

RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS 103,758 131,378 108,425
RETURNS ABOVE CASH & NON-CASH COSTS 102,573 130,020 107,187
NET RETURNS 86,705 112,430 90,172
NET PROFIT- COST RATIO 1.52 1.88 1.51
Cost per kilogram (peso/kg) 7.02 7.47 7.33

Yield/hectare (kg/ha) 8,098 8,011 8,137
Farmgate price (peso/kg) 17.73 21.50 18.41
* - Refers to maintenance costs only
R - Revised estimates
P - Preliminary estimates
19
TABLE 3. DURIAN: UPDATED AVERAGE COSTS OF PRODUCTION, PHILIPPINES, 2013-2015
ITEM 2013 2014R 2015P

CASH COST 23,626 23,206 23,174
Fertilizer 13,229 12,487 12,150
Other material inputs 16 15 15
Hired labor 5,181 5,442 5,582
Land tax 1,136 1,147 1,158
Land rental 449 446 565
Transportation of inputs 1,190 1,201 1,201
Food expense 590 631 647
Repairs 1,230 1,274 1,297
NON-CASH COST 40,881 40,248 45,671

Hired labor (paid in kind) 26,150 27,471 28,174
Harvester's share 14,441 12,489 17,132
IMPUTED COST 13,769 14,152 15,876

Operator/family labor 5,111 5,369 5,506
TOTAL COSTS 78,276 77,606 84,721
GROSS RETURNS 133,473 115,427 158,341

RETURNS ABOVE CASH AND NON-CASH COSTS 68,966 51,973 89,496
NET RETURNS 55,197 37,821 73,620
NET PROFIT-COST RATIO 0.71 0.49 0.87

Yield per hectare (kg/ha) 5,573 4,856 5,257
*- Refers to maintenance costs only
20
TABLE 4. MANGO: UPDATED COSTS OF PRODUCTION, PHILIPPINES, 2012-2015 *
ITEM 2013R 2014R 2015P

CASH COST 43,320 43,041 42,970
Fertilizer 15,705 14,981 14,606
Pesticides 7,823 7,269 7,220
Hired labor 11,009 11,565 11,861
Land tax 807 815 823
Rentals 1,819 1,922 1,957
Water/electric bills 304 307 280
Fuel and oil 1,867 1,923 1,753
Interest on crop loan 1,371 1,508 1,659
Food expense 1,227 1,313 1,347
Repairs 1,388 1,438 1,464
NON-CASH COST 4,484 4,815 4,880

Rentals (machine and vehicle) 129 136 139
Landlord's share 3,023 3,215 3,239
Harvesters' share 640 737 756
IMPUTED COST 22,540 24,127 25,722

Depreciation 12,918 14,210 15,631
TOTAL COSTS 70,344 71,983 73,572
GROSS RETURNS 110,685 127,506 130,794

NET RETURNS 40,341 55,523 57,223

21
TABLE 5. PAPAYA: UPDATED AVERAGE COSTS OF PRODUCTION, PHILIPPINES, 2013-2015
ITEM 2013 2014R 2015P

CASH COST 108,089 107,871 108,075
Fertilizer 34,287 31,197 30,439
Pesticides 4,476 4,480 4,450
Hired labor 34,698 35,409 36,315
Land tax 306 309 312
Rentals 4,024 4,659 4,679
Fuel and oil 10,583 10,900 9,939
Transport cost of inputs 5,655 5,709 5,707
Food expenses 1,769 1,893 1,942
Repairs 1,347 1,395 1,421
Electric bill 543 555 506
Other costs 1,276 1,328 1,347
NON-CASH COST 211 249 251

IMPUTED COST 31,024 32,899 34,866

Depreciation 15,344 16,878 18,566
TOTAL COSTS 139,324 141,019 143,192
GROSS RETURNS 159,050 212,797 216,823

NET RETURNS 19,726 71,778 73,632

Yield per hectare(kg/ha) 19,807 21,803 22,284
22
TABLE 6. PINEAPPLE: UPDATED AVERAGE COSTS OF PRODUCTION, PHILIPPINES, 2013 - 2015
ITEM 2013R 2014R 2015P

CASH COST 58,789 60,516 61,201
Seeds/planting materials 17,861 19,829 20,460
Fertilizer 16,705 15,323 14,780
Pesticides 1,615 1,617 1,606
Other material inputs 1,101 1,010 975
Hired labor 12,032 12,640 12,964
Land tax 318 321 324
Rentals 2,936 3,254 3,357
Food expenses 463 496 509
Repairs 2,203 2,282 2,324

Hired labor (paid in kind) 5 5 5
IMPUTED COST 4,970 5,101 5,233

Operator and family labor 186 172 87
Rental value of owned land 485 538 555
TOTAL COSTS 64,531 66,474 67,318
GROSS RETURNS 286,485 319,682 333,467

NET RETURNS 221,954 253,208 266,149

23
TABLE 7. WATERMELON: UPDATED AVERAGE COSTS OF PRODUCTION, PHILIPPINES, 2013-2015
ITEM 2013 2014R 2015P

CASH COST 40,920 41,545 41,821
Seeds/planting materials 645 667 721
Fertilizer 14,025 13,443 13,122
Pesticides 3,362 3,365 3,343
Hired labor 16,975 17,833 18,289
Land tax 289 292 295
Rentals 1,794 1,872 1,965
Fuel and oil 996 1,026 936
Transport cost of inputs 327 328 328
Food expenses 1,209 1,350 1,385
Repairs 730 756 770

Seeds 62 64 69
IMPUTED COST 18,689 19,559 20,266

Rental value of owned land 910 941 1,018
TOTAL COSTS 60,090 61,602 62,622
GROSS RETURNS 197,899 204,222 237,238

NET RETURNS 137,809 142,620 174,616

24
NUTS
25
Figure 2. Returns on Investment (ROI) of Selected Nuts,
Philippines
(in percent)
300
249 254
226
250
175
200 2014
2015
150
100
50
0
Cashew Nuts Pili Nuts
26
TABLE 8. CASHEW NUTS: UPDATED AVERAGE COSTS OF PRODUCTION, PHILIPPINES, 2013 - 2015
ITEM 2013 2014R 2015P

(in pesos/hectare)
CASH COST 903 943 962
Fertilizer 2 2 2
Hired labor 395 415 426
Land tax 233 235 237
Repairs 174 180 183

IMPUTED COST 4,787 4,983 5,120

Depreciation 254 279 307
Interest on operating capital 23 23 24
TOTAL COSTS 6,073 6,335 6,519
GROSS RETURNS 14,839 17,414 21,282

NET RETURNS 8,767 11,079 14,763

Yield per hectare (kg/ha) 511 597 718
27
TABLE 9. PILI NUTS: UPDATED AVERAGE COSTS OF PRODUCTION, PHILIPPINES, 2013 - 2015
ITEM 2013 2014R 2015P

(in pesos/hectare)
CASH COST 7,093 7,443 7,628
Hired labor 5,318 5,587 5,730
Land tax 543 548 553
Repairs 461 478 487
NON-CASH COST 17,674 17,993 19,184

Hired labor in kind 130 137 141
IMPUTED COST 7,765 8,389 8,777

TOTAL COSTS 32,532 33,825 35,589
GROSS RETURNS 117,628 118,058 125,985

NET RETURNS 85,096 84,233 90,396

* - Refers to maintenance cost only
28
ROOT CROPS
29
Figure 3. Returns on Investment (ROI) of Selected Root Crops,
Philippines
245
(in percent)
250
196 196
200
171
2014
150
2015
100
50
0
Cassava Sweet Potato
30
TABLE 10. CASSAVA: UPDATED AVERAGE COSTS OF PRODUCTION, PHILIPPINES, 2013 - 2015
ITEM 2013 2014R 2015P

(in pesos/hectare)
CASH COST 8,713 8,956 9,133
Fertilizer 2,305 2,240 2,213
Hired labor 3,904 4,101 4,206
Land tax 27 27 27
Rentals 550 536 515
Repairs 229 237 241
NON-CASH COST 1,799 1,554 1,314

Seeds/planting materials 1,263 1,079 902
IMPUTED COST 11,173 11,643 11,902

TOTAL COSTS 21,685 22,153 22,349
GROSS RETURNS 82,976 76,401 66,256

NET RETURNS 61,291 54,248 43,906

Average yield per hectare (kg/ha) 10,875 11,718 12,157
31
TABLE 11. SWEET POTATO: UPDATED AVERAGE COSTS OF PRODUCTION, PHILIPPINES, 2013 - 2015
ITEM 2013 2014R 2015P

(in pesos/hectare)
CASH COST 13,039 13,656 13,946
Fertilizers 2,467 2,322 2,256
Hired labor 4,915 5,163 5,295
Land tax 150 152 154
Rentals 1,670 1,864 1,964
Repairs 237 245 250
NON-CASH COST 3,004 3,428 3,665

IMPUTED COST 11,770 12,501 13,004

TOTAL COSTS 27,813 29,585 30,615
GROSS RETURNS 65,143 80,166 90,538

NET RETURNS 37,330 50,581 59,923

32
BULBS
33
Figure 4. Returns on Investment (ROI) of Selected Bulbs,
Philippines
(in percent)
298
300 281
250
222
186
200
2014
150
2015
103
97
100
50
0
Onion (Red) Onion (Multiplier) Garlic
34
Table 12.1. ONION (RED): UPDATED AVERAGE COSTS PRODUCTION, PHILIPPINES, 2013-2015
ITEM 2013 2014R 2015P

(in pesos/hectare)
CASH COSTS 103,604 104,735 102,084
Planting materials 14,418 14,033 12,204
Fertilizers 19,048 18,143 17,647
Mulching materials 9 9 9
Pesticides 9,600 9,605 9,541
Hired labor 32,429 34,067 34,939
Caretaker/overseer's/employee's salary 1,626 1,708 1,752
Land tax 421 425 429
Rentals 1,118 1,137 1,093
Fuel and Oil 7,366 7,587 6,918
Interest payment on crop loan 3,034 3,337 3,671
Landowner's share 6,656 6,478 5,634
Storage cost 802 781 679
Electricity 69 71 65
Food expense 2,876 3,078 3,158
Repairs 2,456 2,544 2,591
Other costs 937 975 989
NON-CASH COSTS 8,382 9,532 7,758

Fertilizers 62 59 57
Harvesters' share 5,838 7,042 5,492
Caretaker/overseer's wages 256 269 276
Rentals 1,430 1,392 1,211
Landowner's share 288 280 244
IMPUTED COSTS 19,520 19,757 19,678

Seeds 195 190 165
Mulching material 21 20 19
Pesticides 1 1 1
Operator labor 6,404 6,727 6,899
Family labor 2,993 3,144 3,224
TOTAL COSTS 131,506 134,024 129,520
GROSS RETURNS 442,747 534,077 416,542

NET RETURNS 311,240 400,053 287,022

35
Table 12.2. ONION (MULTIPLIER): UPDATED AVERAGE COSTS OF PRODUCTION, PHILIPPINES, 2013-2015
ITEM 2013 2014R 2015P

(in pesos/hectare)
CASH COSTS 58,597 57,033 55,892
Fertilizers 13,292 12,538 12,136
Pesticides 5,125 5,128 5,094
Hired labor 18,493 19,427 19,924
Other permanent employee's salary 287 301 309
Land tax 91 92 93
Rentals 564 427 379
Fuel and Oil 5,390 5,552 5,062
Interest payment on crop loan 1,113 1,224 1,346
Electricity 1,297 1,326 1,209
Food expense 2,641 2,827 2,901
Repairs 2,160 2,237 2,278
NON-CASH COSTS 33,008 23,443 19,955

Fertilizer 15 14 14
Mulching materials 3,652 3,445 3,334
Rentals 299 314 322
IMPUTED COSTS 20,610 20,312 20,467

Planting materials 80 54 45
Mulching material 166 157 152
Family labor 4,564 4,794 4,917
TOTAL COSTS 112,215 100,788 96,314
GROSS RETURNS 304,659 205,034 190,140

NET RETURNS 192,444 104,246 93,826

36
Table 13. GARLIC: UPDATED AVERAGE COSTS OF PRODUCTION, PHILIPPINES, 2013 - 2015
ITEM 2013 2014R 2015P
(in pesos/hectare)
CASH COSTS 46,861 53,836 48,534
Planting materials (cloves) 4,413 9,555 5,108
Fertilizers 9,617 9,168 8,912
Pesticides 4,128 4,130 4,102
Hired labor 16,066 16,877 17,309
Land tax 323 326 329
Rentals 262 371 289
Fuel and Oil 4,498 4,633 4,224
Interest payment on crop loan 762 838 922
Landowner's share 684 1,473 849
Food expense 2,400 2,569 2,636
Repairs 2,615 2,709 2,759
NON-CASH COSTS 18,445 35,691 20,596

Mulching materials 3,128 2,982 2,899
Pesticides 5 5 5
Rentals 440 909 506
IMPUTED COSTS 35,306 51,274 38,910

Pesticides 7 7 7
Operator labor 10,715 11,256 11,544
Family labor 7,207 7,571 7,765
TOTAL COSTS 100,612 140,801 108,040
GROSS RETURNS 249,146 536,518 309,380

NET RETURNS 148,534 395,718 201,340

P-Preliminary estimates
37
VEGETABLES
38
Figure 5. Returns on Investmens (ROI) of Selected Vegetables,
Philippines
(in percent)
300 293 295
250 240
218
195
200
183
2014
144 147 2015

150
120
100 102
100 82
65
57 55
42
50 31
20
39
TABLE 14. AMPALAYA: UPDATED AVERAGE COSTS OF PRODUCTION, PHILIPPINES, 2013 - 2015
ITEM 2013 2014R 2015P

(in pesos/hectare)
CASH COST 77,388 77,263 79,028
Fertilizers 19,836 18,699 18,151
Pesticides 12,844 12,856 12,770
Hired labor 19,535 20,522 21,047
Land tax 239 241 243
Rentals 3,055 2,966 3,379
Fuel and oil 3,566 3,673 3,349
Transport of inputs 1,839 1,856 1,855
Food expense 1,652 1,768 1,814
Repairs 3,089 3,200 3,259
Other costs 2,697 2,808 2,847
NON-CASH COST 2,899 2,794 3,205

IMPUTED COST 66,249 69,683 73,219

Exchange labor 2,457 2,581 2,647
Depreciation 14,904 16,394 18,033
TOTAL COSTS 146,536 149,740 155,452
GROSS RETURNS 226,923 212,925 256,881

RETURNS ABOVE CASH COST 149,535 135,662 177,853
NET RETURNS 80,387 63,185 101,429

40
TABLE 15. CABBAGE: UPDATED AVERAGE COSTS OF PRODUCTION, PHILIPPINES, 2013 - 2015
ITEM 2013 2014R 2015P

(in pesos/hectare)
CASH COST 73,758 74,415 76,402
Fertilizers 26,748 25,833 25,342
Pesticides 5,736 5,329 5,294
Hired labor 19,033 19,994 20,507
Land tax 232 234 236
Rentals 2,581 2,711 2,780
Food expense 2,867 3,069 3,149
Repairs 5,955 6,168 6,281
Other costs 1,099 1,144 1,160

IMPUTED COST 42,015 44,403 50,320

TOTAL COSTS 115,883 118,934 126,855
GROSS RETURNS 217,800 238,269 309,786

NET RETURNS 101,917 119,335 182,931

41
TABLE 16. CARROT: UPDATED AVERAGE COSTS OF PRODUCTION, PHILIPPINES, 2013 - 2015
ITEM 2013 2014R 2015P

(in pesos/hectare)
CASH COST 56,663 58,103 58,862
Fertilizers 18,480 17,893 17,596
Pesticides 3,173 2,948 2,928
Hired labor 16,341 17,167 17,606
Land tax 92 93 94
Rentals 4,016 4,218 4,326
Food expense 1,610 1,723 1,768
Repairs 5,801 6,009 6,119
IMPUTED COST 31,279 33,870 34,933

TOTAL COSTS 87,962 91,996 93,819
GROSS RETURNS 285,305 361,534 370,936

NET RETURNS 197,343 269,538 277,117

Famgate price (peso/kg) 20.19 25.18 25.86
42
TABLE 17. CAULIFLOWER: UPDATED AVERAGE COSTS OF PRODUCTION, PHILIPPINES, 2013 - 2015
ITEM 2013 2014R 2015P

( in pesos/hectare)
CASH COST 72,006 72,966 75,707
Fertilizers 22,882 21,909 21,547
Pesticides 5,919 5,924 5,883
Hired labor 12,487 13,117 13,453
Land tax 1,002 1,012 1,022
Rentals 10,300 10,820 11,097
Repairs 1,438 1,489 1,516
NON-CASH COST 3,881 4,110 5,052

IMPUTED COST 25,622 26,764 28,238

TOTAL COSTS 101,509 103,840 108,997
GROSS RETURNS 276,359 294,182 371,039

NET RETURNS 174,850 190,342 262,042

R- Revised estimates.
43
TABLE 18. EGGPLANT: UPDATED AVERAGE COSTS OF PRODUCTION, PHILIPPINES, 2013 - 2015
ITEM 2013 2014R 2015P

(in pesos/hectare)
CASH COST 82,560 83,576 83,619
Fertilizer 24,493 23,101 22,434
Pesticides 11,639 10,814 10,741
Hired labor 18,108 19,022 19,509
Land tax 87 88 89
Rentals 3,657 4,074 3,945
Fuel and oil 3,878 3,966 3,616
Food expenses 5,238 5,606 5,752
Repairs 2,357 2,441 2,486
NON-CASH COST 3,171 3,617 3,519

Harvesters' share 1,258 1,462 1,454
IMPUTED COST 36,672 38,544 39,709

Exchange labor 2,019 2,121 2,175
TOTAL COSTS 122,403 125,737 126,847
GROSS RETURNS 170,220 197,867 196,741

NET RETURNS 47,817 72,130 69,894

P- Preliminary estimates
44
TABLE 19. HABITCHUELAS: UPDATED AVERAGE COSTS OF PRODUCTION, PHILIPPINES, 2013 - 2015
ITEM 2013 2014R 2015P

( in pesos/hectare)
CASH COST 43,403 42,957 43,092
Fertilizers 21,668 20,893 20,443
Pesticides 4,254 3,953 3,927
Hired labor 7,602 7,986 8,191
Land tax 204 206 208
Rentals 2,241 2,354 2,414
Repairs 2,422 2,509 2,555
NON-CASH COST 1,535 1,547 1,711

IMPUTED COST 33,883 35,285 36,710

TOTAL COSTS 78,821 79,789 81,513
GROSS RETURNS 92,926 95,883 107,062

NET RETURNS 14,105 16,094 25,548

45
TABLE 20. WHITE POTATO: UPDATED AVERAGE COSTS OF PRODUCTION, PHILIPPINES, 2013 - 2015
ITEM 2013 2014R 2015P

( in pesos/hectare)
CASH COST 108,520 106,181 102,261
Fertilizers 43,692 42,285 41,544
Pesticides 6,930 6,438 6,396
Hired labor 21,245 22,318 22,889
Land tax 612 618 624
Rentals 953 1,001 1,027
Food expense 2,796 2,993 3,071
Repairs 6,456 6,687 6,810
NON-CASH COST 10,760 9,616 7,426

IMPUTED COST 53,868 52,731 49,171

TOTAL COSTS 173,148 168,528 158,858
GROSS RETURNS 458,939 416,281 320,722

NET RETURNS 285,791 247,753 161,864

46
TABLE 21. STRINGBEANS: UPDATED AVERAGE COSTS OF PRODUCTION, PHILIPPINES, 2013 - 2015
ITEM 2013R 2014R 2015P

(in pesos/hectare)
CASH COSTS 68,481 68,469 69,053
Seeds 3,973 4,176 4,624
Fertilizer 12,343 11,768 11,481
Pesticides 17,174 15,957 15,850
Other Material Inputs 384 366 357
Hired labor 11,867 12,466 12,785
Land tax 486 491 496
Rentals 3,893 4,091 4,448
Fuel and oil 5,826 6,001 5,472
Food expenses 1,550 1,659 1,702
Repairs 990 1,025 1,044
Other costs 5,793 6,031 6,115
NON-CASH COSTS 2,991 3,142 3,472

Seeds 2,812 2,955 3,272
Hired labor (in kind) 85 89 91
Lease Rental 42 44 49
IMPUTED COSTS 63,635 66,981 69,896

Depreciation 8,577 9,435 10,379
TOTAL COSTS 135,107 138,592 142,421
GROSS RETURNS 400,639 408,788 453,399

NET RETURNS 265,532 270,196 310,978

P-Preliminary estimates
47
TABLE 22. TOMATO: UPDATED AVERAGE COSTS OF PRODUCTION, PHILIPPINES, 2013 - 2015
ITEM 2013 2014R 2015P

(in pesos/hectare)
CASH COST 69,876 70,008 70,429
Seeds/planting materials 1,118 954 1,137
Fertilizer 23,955 22,814 22,154
Pesticides 8,946 8,950 8,890
Hired labor 22,694 23,841 24,451
Land tax 166 168 170
Rentals 1,943 1,740 2,000
Fuel and oil 1,718 1,770 1,614
Food expenses 2,437 2,608 2,676
Repairs 5,031 5,211 5,307
NON-CASH COST 3,283 2,841 3,360

Hired labor ( paid in kind) 177 186 191
Landlord's share 1,076 918 1,094
Lease rental 1,342 1,145 1,365
IMPUTED COST 17,055 17,582 18,468

Rental value of owned land 1,139 971 1,157
TOTAL COSTS 90,214 90,431 92,257
GROSS RETURNS 181,021 164,176 202,877

NET RETURNS 90,807 73,745 110,620

48
LEGUMES
49
Figure 6. Returns on Investment (ROI) of Selected Legumes,
Philippines
158
(in percent)
160
137
140
120 105 106

2014
100 2015
80
60
40
20
0
Mongo Peanut
50
TABLE 23. MONGO: UPDATED AVERAGE COSTS OF PRODUCTION, PHILIPPINES, 2013 - 2015
ITEM 2013 2014R 2015P

(in pesos/hectare)
CASH COST 6,502 6,765 6,932
Hired labor 2,257 2,371 2,432
Land tax 142 143 144
Rentals 509 535 549
Repairs 970 1,005 1,023
NON-CASH COST 2,695 2,945 3,225

IMPUTED COST 6,834 7,320 7,733

TOTAL COSTS 16,031 17,030 17,890
GROSS RETURNS 36,850 40,399 46,162

NET RETURNS 20,819 23,370 28,272

R- Revised estimates
51
TABLE 24. PEANUT: UPDATED AVERAGE COSTS OF PRODUCTION, PHILIPPINES, 2013 - 2015
ITEM 2013 2014R 2015P

(in pesos/hectare)
CASH COST 16,849 17,621 18,173
Pesticides 36 36 36
Hired labor 10,619 11,155 11,441
Land tax 225 227 229
Rentals 564 590 629
Repairs 1,129 1,169 1,191
NON-CASH COST 3,562 3,730 4,036

IMPUTED COST 9,129 9,642 10,174

TOTAL COSTS 29,540 30,993 32,383
GROSS RETURNS 59,230 63,614 66,788

NET RETURNS 29,690 32,621 34,405

Yield per hectare (kg/ha)* 1,654 1,705 1,643
R - Revised estimates.
* Average of top two (2) producing provinces.
52
COMMERCIAL
CROP
53
Figure 7. Returns on Investment (ROI) of Selected Commercial
Crop, Philippines
62
(in percent)
62
60
2014
58
2015
56 53
54
52
50
48
Coffee
54
TABLE 25. COFFEE: UPDATED AVERAGE COSTS OF PRODUCTION, PHILIPPINES, 2013 - 2015*
ITEM 2,013 2014R 2015P

(in pesos/hectare)
CASH COST 21,027 21,419 21,655
Fertilizer 5,542 5,158 4,970
Hired labor 12,177 12,792 13,119
Land tax 644 650 657
Rentals 47 49 52
Repairs 599 620 631
NON-CASH COST 1,059 1,071 1,144

IMPUTED COST 8,241 8,572 8,928

ALL COSTS 30,327 31,062 31,727
GROSS RETURNS 48,290 47,649 51,344

NET RETURNS 17,963 16,588 19,617

55
FISHERIES
56
Figure 8. Returns on Investment (ROI) of Selected Fisheries,
Philippines
(in percent)
140
129 127
120
100
71
80 2014
59
2015
60
40
20
0
Milkfish Tilapia
57
Table 26. MILKFISH (BRACKISH FISHPOND): UPDATED AVERAGE COSTS OF PRODUCTION, PHILIPPINES, 2013 - 2015
ITEM 2013 2014R 2015P

(in pesos/hectare)
CASH COSTS 28,349 29,381 30,145
Stocking materials 10,717 11,345 12,012
Feeds 4,039 4,204 4,263
Fertilizers 2,603 2,465 2,373
Pesticides and other chemicals 421 447 444
Hired Labor 3,329 3,497 3,587
Salaries of permanent employees 2,358 2,477 2,540
Land tax 397 401 405
Rentals 3,239 3,253 3,261
License/permit 6 6 6
Interest payment on loan 50 55 61
Repairs 248 257 262
NON-CASH COSTS 645 682 693

Caretakers' share 141 147 149
Other laborers' share 71 73 73
Administrator's share 45 47 48
Lease rental 6 6 6
Rice allowance of overseer 142 159 163
IMPUTED COSTS 7,787 8,069 8,249

Operator labor 155 163 167
Family labor 108 113 116
Rental value of owned fishpond 4,884 5,021 4,994
TOTAL COSTS 36,781 38,132 39,087
GROSS RETURNS 83,919 87,265 88,594

NET RETURNS 47,138 49,133 49,507

58
TABLE 27. TILAPIA: UPDATED AVERAGE COSTS OF PRODUCTION, PHILIPPINES, 2013 - 2015
ITEM 2013 2014R 2015P

(in pesos/hectare)
CASH COSTS 213,622 223,234 228,156
Stocking materials 34,538 37,194 40,173
Feeds 145,079 151,027 153,141
Fertilizers 1,708 1,586 1,529
Pesticides 2,099 2,099 2,084
Hired Labor 6,772 7,114 7,296
Salaries of permanent employees 961 1,010 1,036
Wage of stay-in laborer 5,618 5,902 6,053
Land tax 174 176 178
Rentals 4,541 4,547 4,549
Fuel and oil 6,498 6,693 6,103
License/permit 7 7 7
Interest payment on loan 411 452 497
Food expense 1,379 1,476 1,515
Repairs 2,887 2,990 3,045
NON-CASH COSTS 2,221 2,318 2,310

Stocking materials 302 325 351
Feeds 88 92 93
Hired Labor (in kind) 225 236 242
Caretaker's share 35 37 37
Wage of stay-in laborer 468 490 486
Other laborers' share 416 436 433
IMPUTED COSTS 30,156 31,345 32,238

Stocking materials 319 344 372
Feeds 139 145 147
Fertilizers 1 1 1
Family labor 633 665 682
Rental value of owned aquafarm 11,322 11,853 11,758
TOTAL COSTS 245,999 256,897 262,704
GROSS RETURNS 431,356 440,358 416,653

NET RETURNS 185,357 183,461 153,949

59
UPDATED COSTS OF PRODUCTION OF SELECTED AGRICULTURAL
COMMODITIES 2013-2015
PHILIPPINE STATISTICS AUTHORITY
LISA GRACE S. BERSALES Ph. D.

National Statistician and Civil Registrar General
ROMEO S. RECIDE
Deputy National Statistician
Sectoral Statistics Office
VIVIAN R. ILARINA
Assistant National Statistician
Macroeconomic Accounts Service
AGRICULTURAL ACCOUNTS DIVISION
MARIA CAROL G. DURAN

Officer-in-Charge
CYNTHIA P. DONATO
Supervising Statistical Specialist
MANUELA S. NALUGON
Senior Statistical Specialist
JOSEPH C. EVANGELISTA
Technical Staff
JOYNABEL S. PARAGUISON
Technical Staff

2013-2015 CRS of Selected Commodities

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2013-2015 CRS of Selected Commodities

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Updated

Republic of the Philippines

FIGURE NO. TITLE PAGE

Returns on Investment of Selected Fruits, Philippines,

TABLE NO. TITLE PAGE

Summary of Costs of Production, Selected

TABLE NO. TITLE PAGE

Cabbage: Updated Average Costs of Production,

In 2015, production cost of calamansi averaged P59,630 per hectare. Average

Net profit-cost ratio stood at 0.87 in 2015.

Producers spent P143,192 for the maintenance of a hectare of papaya production.

Net profit was estimated at P73,632 per hectare in 2015.

The net profit-cost ratio for papaya production was 0.51.

Producers gained P3.95 for every peso invested in pineapple production.

Production of watermelon incurred an average cost of P62,622 per hectare in 2015.

Net returns settled at P174,616 in 2015.

For every peso invested in watermelon production, growers earned P2.79.

Net profit-cost ratio was 1.96 in 2015.

Net returns settled at P287,022 in 2015.

For every peso of investment in onion production, farmers netted P2.22.

Garlic farmers incurred an average production cost of P108,040 per hectare in

Garlic production in 2015 netted an average of P201,340 per hectare.

Ampalaya production in 2015 recorded an average cost of P155,452 per hectare.

In 2015, producers earned P1.44 per peso of investment in cabbage production.

Carrot production netted an average of P277,117 per hectare in 2015.

On the average, cost of producing a kilogram of carrot was P6.54 in 2015.

Net profit-cost ratio of 2.40 was realized in 2015.

For every peso of investment in eggplant production, farmers earned P0.55.

The cost of producing a hectare of habitchuelas amounted to P81,513 in 2015.

Net returns settled at P25,548 per hectare in 2015.

On a per kilogram basis, the cost of habitchuelas production amounted to P17.92

The net profit-cost ratio for habitchuelas production was 0.31.

A peso invested in potato production generated net gain of P1.02.

Net gain averaged P310,978 per hectare.

Net profit-cost ratio stood at 2.18 in 2015.

Tomato producers incurred an average production cost of P92,257 per hectare.

A peso invested in tomato production generated net earnings of P1.20 in 2015.

Net of all costs, returns settled at P28,305 per hectare in 2015.

A farmer earned P1.06 for every peso invested in peanut production.

Net profit was estimated at P19,617 per hectare in 2015.

Per peso of investment in coffee production, farmers netted P0.62 in 2015.

The cost of producing a hectare of milkfish in brackishwater fishpond amounted to

Milkfish producers netted P49,507 per hectare in 2015.

ITEM 2013 2014R 2015P

NON-CASH COST 1,185 1,358 1,238

IMPUTED COST 15,868 17,590 17,015

TOTAL COSTS 56,873 59,807 59,630

GROSS RETURNS 143,578 172,237 149,802

NET PROFIT- COST RATIO 1.52 1.88 1.51

Cost per kilogram (peso/kg) 7.02 7.47 7.33

ITEM 2013 2014R 2015P

NON-CASH COST 40,881 40,248 45,671

IMPUTED COST 13,769 14,152 15,876

TOTAL COSTS 78,276 77,606 84,721

GROSS RETURNS 133,473 115,427 158,341

NET PROFIT-COST RATIO 0.71 0.49 0.87

Cost per kilogram (peso/kg) 14.05 15.98 16.12

ITEM 2013R 2014R 2015P

NON-CASH COST 4,484 4,815 4,880

IMPUTED COST 22,540 24,127 25,722

TOTAL COSTS 70,344 71,983 73,572

GROSS RETURNS 110,685 127,506 130,794

NET PROFIT-COST RATIO 0.57 0.77 0.78

Cost per kilogram (peso/kg) 16.19 15.30 15.36