Kompong Thom Provincial Training Centre Major: English

Weeks Topics Description

A. Sentence Structures of the Present Continuous

Tense.
1. Positive
Sub + am/is/are + V1 + ing + Obj

2. Negative
Present Sub + am/is/are + not + V1 + ing + Obj
Week 1 Continuous
Tense
3. Question
Am/is/are + Sub + V1 + ing + Obj?
B. Usage:
We use the Present Continuous when we talk about thing
happening in a period around now.
E.g: You’re working hard today. Yes, I have a lot to do.
We use the Present Continuous when we talk about
changes happening around now.
E.g: The population of the world is rising very fast.

A. Sentence Structures of the Present Simple Tense.

1. Positive
Sub + V1 + Obj

2. Negative
Sub + Don’t/ Doesn’t + V1 + Obj
Week 2 Present
Simple
3. Question
Do/Does + Sub + V1 + Obj?

B. Usage: We use the Present Simple when we say how

often we do things.
E.g: I get up at 8 o’clock every morning.

A. The Comparison of Present Continuous (I am doing)

and Present Simple (I do).

1. Present Continuous (I am doing)

I am doing

Past now Future

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Present 2. Present Simple( I do)

Week 3 Continuous
and Present I do
Simple
Past now Future
E.g: My parents live in London. They have lived there all
their lives.
B. I always do and I am always doing.
Usually we say “I always do something” (I do it every
time)
E.g: I always go to work by car.
You can also say “I am always doing something” (But
this has a different meaning)
E.g: You’re always watching TV. You should do something
more active.

A. Sentence Structures of the Past Simple Tense.

1. Positive
Sub + V2 + Obj

2. Negative
Sub + didn’t + V1 + Obj
Week 4 Past Simple
3. Question
Did + Sub + V1 + Obj?

B. Usage:
Very often the Past Simple ends –ed (Regular Verbs)
E.g: We invited them to our party last week.
But many verbs are irregular, the Past Simple does not
end -ed
E.g: I went to the cinema last week.

A. Sentence Structures of the Past Continuous

Tense.
1. Positive
Sub + was/were + V1 + ing + Obj

2. Negative
Sub + wasn’t/weren’t + V1 + ing + Obj

Week 5 Past 3. Question

Continuous Was/were + Sub + V1 + ing + Obj?

B. Usage:
We use the Past Continuous to say that somebody was in the
middle of doing something at a certain time. The action or

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situation had already started before this time, but had not
finished yet.

I started doing I was doing I finished doing Now

E.g: This time last year I was living in Brazil.

Compare the Past Continuous and the Past Simple

1. Past Continuous (in the middle of an action)
E.g: I was walking home when I met Dave.
2. Past Simple (Complete action)
E.g: I walked home after the party last night.
 We often use the Past Simple and the Past Continuous
together to say that something happened in the middle of
something else.
E.g: Tome burnt his hand when he was cooking the
dinner.

A. Sentence Structures of the Present Perfect Tense.

1. Positive
Sub + have/has + V3 + Obj

2. Negative
Sub + haven’t/hasn’t + V3 + Obj

3. Question
Have/has + Sub + V3 + Obj?
Week 6 Present
Perfect B. Usage:
When we use the Present Perfect there is always a connection
with now. The action in the past has a result now.
E.g: Where is your key? I don’t know. I’ve lost it.
We often use the Present Perfect to give new information or
to announce a recent happening.
E.g: Ow! I’ve cut my finger.
You can use the Present Perfect with just, already and yet.
E.g: Has it stopped raining yet?

A. Sentence Structures of the Present Perfect

Continuous Tense.
Positive
Sub + have/has + been + V1 + ing + Obj

2. Negative
Sub + haven’t/hasn’t + been + V1 + ing + Obj

3. Question
Have/has + Sub + been + V1 + ing + Obj?

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B. Usage:
We use the Present Perfect Continuous for an activity that
has recently stopped or just stopped. There is a connection
with now.
E.g: You are out of breath. Have you been running?
 We can use the Present Perfect Continuous for
Present actions repeated over a period of time.
Week 7 Perfect E.g: Debbie is a very good tennis player. She’s been
Continuous playing since she was eight.

 Compare “I am doing” and “I have been doing”

I am doing I have been doing

Present Continuous Present Prefect Continuous

Now
- Don’t disturb me now. - I’ve been working hard.
I’m working. So I’m going to have a rest.

A. Compares these examples.

My hands are dirty. I’ve The car is ok again now.

been repairing the car. I’ve repaired it.
Where have you been? Have Have you ever played tennis?
you been playing tennis?
Present B. Compare the usages:
Week 8 Perfect We use the Continuous to ask or say ‘How long..?”(For
Continuous an action that is still happening)
and Simple E.g: How long have you been reading that book?
We use the Simple to ask or say how much, how many
or how many times (Completed actions)
E.g: How many pages of that book have you read?

A. Compare
- When..? (+Past Simple)
A: When did it start raining?
B: It starts raining an hour ago.
- How long..? (+ Present Perfect)
A: How long has it been raining?
B: It has been raining for an hour.
B. Compare For and Since
We use both For and Since to say how long
When..? How something has been happening.
Week 9 long..? For We use For when we say a period of time.
and Since E.g: I’ve been waiting for an hour.

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For an hour

Two hours ago now

We use “Since” when we say the “start” of a period.

E.g: I’ve been waiting since 8 o’clock.

Since 8 o’clock
8 o’clock now

A. Compare the Present Perfect and Past Simple

1. Present Perfect (have done)
E.g: I’ve done a lot of work today.
unfinished

Past now
2. Past Simple (did)
E.g: I did a lot of work yesterday.
Finished
Present Yesterday
Week 10 Perfect and
Past Simple Past now
B. Compare the usages of the Present Perfect and the
Past Simple.
1. We use the Present Perfect for a period of time that
continuous from the past until now. (today, this week,
since 1998…)
E.g: It hasn’t rain this week.
2. We use the Past Simple for a finished time in the past.
(yesterday, last week…)
E.g: It didn’t rain last week.

A. Sentence Structures of the Past Perfect.

. Positive
Sub + had + V3 + Obj

3. Negative
Sub + hadn’t + V3 + Obj

4. Question
Had + Sub + V3 + Obj?

B. Usage:
Week 11 Past Perfect Past Perfect (had done), Present Perfect (have done)
1. Past Perfect (had done)
had done

past now
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E.g: I didn’t know who she was. I’d never seen her before.

2. Present Perfect (have done)

Have done

Past now

E.g: Who is that woman? I’ve never seen her before.

A. Sentence Structures of the Past Perfect Continuous.
. Positive
Sub + had been + V1 + ing + Obj

4. Negative
Sub + hadn’t been+ V1 + ing + Obj

5. Question
Had + Sub + been + V1 + ing + Obj?

B. Usage:
Compare the Past Perfect Continuous (Had been-ing) and the
Present Prefect Continuous (have been-ing)

1. Present Perfect Continuous (have been-ing)

Week 12 Past Perfect
Continuous I have been-ing

Past now
E.g: I hope the bus comes soon. I’ve been waiting for 20
minutes. (before now)
2. Past Perfect Continuous (had been-ing)

I had been-ing

Past now
E.g: At last the bus came. I’d been waiting for 20 minutes.
(before the bus came)

 Compare “had been doing” and “was doing”

- It wasn’t raining when we went out. The sun was
shining. But it had been raining, so the ground was wet.
 Some verbs (know, want…) are not normally used in the
Continuous.
- We were good friends. We had known each other for
years. (not had been knowing)

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A. In Question and Negative sentences there are 3

possible forms.

Have you got any money? I haven’t got any money.

Do you have any money? I don’t have any money.
Have you any money? I haven’t any money.
(less usual) (less usual)
A. “Have” and “Have got”. (process, own etc..)
“Have” and  We often use “Have got” rather than “Have” alone.
Week 13 ‘Have got” E.g: We’ve got a new car. Or we have a new car.
 We use “Have got” for illness, pain etc…
E.g: I’ve got a headache. Or I have a headache.
When “Have” means process: we cannot use continuous
forms.(is having or are having)
E.g: I have/ I’ve got a headache.
For the Past we use “Had” (usually without “got”)
“Have” (but not “have got”) is also use for many actions
and experiences.
E.g: Have breakfast, a cigarette…
a bath, a look….

A. Study this example situation.

Denis stopped smoking two years ago. He doesn’t smoke
anymore. But he used to smoke. He used to smoke 40 cigarettes
a day.
- “He used to smoke”= He smoke regularly for some time in the
past, but he doesn’t smoke now.

He used to smoke he doesn’t smoke

Week 14 Used to (do)
Past 2 years ago now
We use “used to” for something that was true but is not
true anymore.
E.g: This building is now a furniture shop. It used to be a
cinema.
+ Question form is “did”
E.g: Did you used to eat a lot of sweets when you were a
child?
+ Negative Form
E.g: I didn’t use to like him.

A. Sentence Structures of Future (Going to)

1. Positive
Sub + am/is/are + going to + V1 + Obj

2. Negative
Sub + am/is/are + not + going to + V1 + Obj

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3. Question
Am/is/are+ Sub + going to + V1 + Obj?

B. Usage:
I am going to do something= I have already decided to do it, I
Week 15 Future(Going intent to do it.
to) A: I hear Ruth has won some money. What is she going
to do with it?
B: She’s going to buy a new car.
 Compare “I am doing” and “I am going to do”
- We normally use “I am doing” (Present Continuous)
when we say what we have arranged to do.
E.g: I’m leaving tomorrow. I’ve got my plan ticket.
- I am going to do something= I’ve decided to do it.
E.g: I’ve decided not to stay here any longer. Tomorrow I
am going to look for somewhere else to stay.
 We can also say that something is going to happen in the
future.
E.g: I feel terrible. I think I am going to be sick.

A. Sentence Structures of Future (Will/Shall)

1. Positive
Sub + will/shall + V1 + Obj

2. Negative
Sub + will/shall + not + V1 + Obj

3. Question
Will/Shall+ Sub + V1 + Obj?

B. Usage:
The usages of “Will/Shall”
We often use “will” in these situations:
- Offering to do something
Future E.g: That bag looks heavy. I’ll help you with it.
Week 16 (Will/Shall) - Agreeing to do something
E.g: A: You know that book I lent you. Can I have it back?
B: Of course. I’ll give it to you this evening.
- Promising to do something
E.g: thanks for lending me the money. I’ll pay you back on
Friday.
- Asking somebody to do something
E.g: Will you shut the door please?
+ “Shall” is used mostly in the questions. “Shall I..? Shall we?”
We use “Shall I..?, Shall we..?” to ask somebody’s opinion.
E.g: Shall I open the door?
 Compare “Shall I..?” and “Will you..?”
- Shall I shut the door? (= do you want me to shut the
door?)
- Will you shut the door? (= I want you to shut it.)
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