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PUHSD Curriculum
Students bring many geometric experiences with them to high school; in this course, they begin to use more precise definitions and develop
careful proofs. Although there are many types of geometry, this course focuses on Euclidean geometry, studied both with and without
coordinates. This course begins with an early definition of congruence and similarity with respect to transformations, then moves on through the
triangle congruence criteria and other theorems regarding triangles, quadrilaterals and other geometric figures. Students then move on to right
triangle trigonometry and the Pythagorean theorem, which they may extend to the Laws of Sines and Cosines (+). An important aspect of the
Geometry course is the connection of algebra and geometry when students begin to investigate analytic geometry in the coordinate plane. In
addition, students in Geometry work with probability concepts, extending and formalizing their initial work in middle school. They compute
probabilities, drawing on area models. Area models for probability can serve to connect this material to the other aims of the course.
To summarize, high school Geometry corresponds closely to the Geometry conceptual category in the high school standards. Thus, the course
involves working with congruence (G-CO), similarity (G-SRT), right triangle trigonometry (in G-SRG), geometry of circles (G-C), analytic geometry
in the coordinate plane (G-GPE), and geometric measurement (G-GMD) and modeling (G-MG). The Standards for Mathematical Practice apply
throughout the Geometry course and, when connected meaningfully with the content standards, allow for students to experience mathematics
as a coherent, useful and logical subject. Details about the content and practice standards follow in this analysis.
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Geometry 1-2 2014-2015
PUHSD Curriculum
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Geometry 1-2 2014-2015
PUHSD Curriculum
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Geometry 1-2 2014-2015
PUHSD Curriculum
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Geometry 1-2 2014-2015
PUHSD Curriculum
defined by four given points in the coordinate plane is a e.g. slope and distance. alternate exterior angles
rectangle; prove or disprove that the point (1, 3) lies on the I can generalize the following criteria corresponding angles
circle centered at the origin and containing the point (0, 2). for parallel and perpendicular lines by same side/consecutive interior
G-GPE.B.5 Prove the slope criteria for parallel and perpendicular lines investigating multiple examples. angles
and use them to solve geometric problems (e.g., find the I can use the slope criteria for parallel quadrilateral
equation of a line parallel or perpendicular to a given line and perpendicular lines to solve triangle
that passes through a given point). geometric problems. construction
I can write the equation of a line proof
parallel or perpendicular to a given a conjecture
line, passing through a given point. counterexample
statement , negation
inductive reasoning
proof, theorem
deductive argument
paragraph proof
informal proof
algebraic proof
two-column proof
formal proof
coordinate proof
indirect proof (proof by
contradiction)
flow proofs
conclusion
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Geometry 1-2 2014-2015
PUHSD Curriculum
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Geometry 1-2 2014-2015
PUHSD Curriculum
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Geometry 1-2 2014-2015
PUHSD Curriculum
straightedge, string, reflective devices, paper congruence criteria for triangles. centroid
folding, dynamic geometric software, etc.). I can solve real world problems involving right scalene triangle
Copying a segment; copying an angle; bisecting a triangles using the Pythagorean Theorem. isosceles triangle
segment; bisecting an angle; constructing I can construct inscribed and circumscribed circles of equilateral triangle
perpendicular lines, including the perpendicular a triangle equiangular triangle
bisector of a line segment; and constructing a line acute triangle
parallel to a given line through a point not on the obtuse triangle
line. right triangle
G-CO.D.13 Construct an equilateral triangle, a square, and a
regular hexagon inscribed in a circle.
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Geometry 1-2 2014-2015
PUHSD Curriculum
Unit 4: Quadrilaterals
Enduring Understandings: Essential Questions:
Polygons can be classified using properties of sides and angles. How are quadrilaterals classified according to sides?
Special quadrilaterals are classified based on different What is the difference between concave and convex?
properties. What are the properties of quadrilaterals?
How are quadrilateral classified?
How do you inscribe a triangle, square or regular hexagon into a circle?
How are polygons used in real- world situations?
Standard Learning Targets Technology Standards
B. Use coordinates to prove simple geometric theorems algebraically I can demonstrate and draw Geogebra
G-GPE.B.4 Use coordinates to prove simple geometric theorems transformations using tools. Key Vocabulary
algebraically. For example, prove or disprove that a figure I can find a sequence of transformations Polygon
defined by four given points in the coordinate plane is a that will carry a shape onto another. Convex
rectangle; prove or disprove that the point (1, 3) lies on I can prove the following theorems in Concave
the circle centered at the origin and containing the point (0, narrative paragraphs, flow diagrams, in two Regular polygon
2). column format, and or using diagrams Triangles
without words: opposite sides are Quadrilateral
A. Experiment with transformations in the plane congruent, opposite angles are congruent, Parallelograms
G-CO.A.5 Given a geometric figure and a rotation, reflection, or the diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each Rectangles
translation, draw the transformed figure using, e.g., graph other, rectangles are parallelograms with Trapezoid
paper, tracing paper, or geometry software. Specify a congruent diagonals. Rhombus
sequence of transformations that will carry a given figure I can make the following formal Kite
onto another. constructions using a variety of tools Squares
(compass and straightedge and geometric Hexagon
C. Prove geometric theorems software): an equilateral triangle, a square, Diagonals
G-CO.C.11 Prove theorems about parallelograms. Theorems include: a regular hexagon inscribed in a circle. Opposite sides
opposite sides are congruent, opposite angles are I can use coordinates to prove properties Opposite angles
congruent, the diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each of quadrilaterals. Bisect
other, and conversely, rectangles are parallelograms with I can demonstrate the rotations and Equilateral
congruent diagonals. reflections that carry a rectangle, Inscribed
D. Make geometric constructions parallelogram, trapezoid, or regular polygon
G-CO.D.13 Construct an equilateral triangle, a square, and a regular onto itself.
hexagon inscribed in a circle.
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Geometry 1-2 2014-2015
PUHSD Curriculum
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Geometry 1-2 2014-2015
PUHSD Curriculum
Unit 5: Similarity
Enduring Understandings: Essential Questions:
Similarity is defines as the result of rigid transformations How is similarity defined by transformations?
and dilations. Similar figures have corresponding angles How can I prove two figures are similar?
that are congruent and corresponding sides that are How are trigonometric ratios used to solve problems involving triangles?
proportional. Trigonometry is a particularly useful How can similar figures model real world situations?
application of similar right triangles. How are trigonometric ratios used to solve problems involving triangles?
What is the relationship between similar right triangles and trigonometric ratios?
Standard Learning Targets Technology Standards
A. Experiment with transformations in the plane I can compare transformations that preserve Use geometry software to
G-CO.A.2 Represent transformations in the plane using, e.g., distance and angle to those that do not. verify theorems about lines,
transparencies and geometry software; describe I can prove the Midsegment Theorem (the segment angles, triangles and
transformations as functions that take points in joining midpoints of two sides of a triangle is parallel parallelograms
the plane as inputs and give other points as to and half the length of the third side) in narrative Key Vocabulary
outputs. Compare transformations that preserve paragraphs, flow diagrams, in two column format, dilation
distance and angle to those that do not (e.g., and or using diagrams without words scale factor
translation versus horizontal stretch). I can use the midpoint formula to calculate midpoint similarity
C. Prove geometric theorems or endpoint coordinates with various unknowns (e.g. similarity transformations
G-CO.C.10 Prove theorems about triangles. Theorems find the other endpoint, etc.) center of dilation
include: measures of interior angles of a triangle I can verify the following statements by making mid-segment
sum to 180; base angles of isosceles triangles are multiple examples; proportional
congruent; the segment joining midpoints of two a. A dilation of a line is parallel to the original line if ratio
sides of a triangle is parallel to the third side and the center of dilation is not on the line and a dilation reduction
half the length; the medians of a triangle meet at of a line is coinciding if the center is on the line. enlargement
a point. b. The dilation of a line segment changes the length cofunction
A. Understand similarity in terms of similarity transformations by a ratio given by the scale factor.
G-SRT.A.1a Verify experimentally the properties of dilations I can extend the properties of dilations to polygons.
G-SRT.A.1b given by a center and a scale factor: I can decide if two figures are similar based on
a. A dilation takes a line not passing through the similarity transformations (rigid motion followed by a
center of the dilation to a parallel line, and leaves dilation.)
a line passing through the center unchanged. I can use similarity transformations to explain the
b. The dilation of a line segment is longer or meaning of similar triangles as the equality of all
shorter in the ratio given by the scale factor.
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Geometry 1-2 2014-2015
PUHSD Curriculum
G-SRT.A.2 Given two figures, use the definition of similarity corresponding pairs of angles and the proportionality
in terms of similarity transformations to decide if of all corresponding pairs of sides.
they are similar; explain using similarity I can establish the AA criterion by looking at
transformations the meaning of similarity for multiple examples using similarity transformations of
triangles as the equality of all corresponding pairs triangles.
of angles and the proportionality of all I can prove the following theorems in narrative
corresponding pairs of sides. paragraphs, flow diagrams, in two column format,
G-SRT.A.3 Use the properties of similarity transformations to and or using diagrams without words: A line parallel
establish the AA criterion for two triangles to be to one side of a triangle divides the other two
similar. proportionally, and conversely.
B. Prove theorems involving similarity Pythagorean Theorem proved using triangle
G-SRT.B.4 Prove theorems about triangles. Theorems similarity.
include: a line parallel to one side of a triangle I can solve problems using similarity criteria for
divides the other two proportionally, and triangles.
conversely; the Pythagorean Theorem proved I can prove relationships in geometric figures using
using triangle similarity. similarity criteria for triangles.
G-SRT.B.5 Use congruence and similarity criteria for triangles I can prove the following theorems in narrative
to solve problems and to prove relationships in paragraphs, flow diagrams, in two column format,
geometric figures. and or using diagrams without words: A line parallel
to one side of a triangle divides the other two
B. Use coordinates to prove simple geometric theorems algebraically proportionally, and conversely.
G-GPE.B.6 Find the point on a directed line segment between
two given points that partitions the segment in a
given ratio.
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Geometry 1-2 2014-2015
PUHSD Curriculum
Unit 6: Trigonometry
Enduring Understandings: Essential Questions:
Similarity is defines as the result of rigid transformations How are trigonometric ratios used to solve problems involving triangles?
and dilations. Similar figures have corresponding angles How are trigonometric ratios used to solve problems involving triangles?
that are congruent and corresponding sides that are What is the relationship between similar right triangles and trigonometric ratios?
proportional. Trigonometry is a particularly useful
application of similar right triangles.
Standard Learning Targets Technology Standards
C. Define trigonometric ratios and solve problems involving right I can: Use geometry software to
triangles Discover the relationship between the sides and verify theorems about lines,
G-SRT.C.6 Understand that by similarity, side ratios in right angles of a right triangle and be able to state the angles, triangles and
triangles are properties of the angles in the triangle, sine, cosine, or tangent of a reference angle given parallelograms
leading to definitions of trigonometric ratios for acute a right triangle. Key Vocabulary
angles. Be able to find the three basic trig ratios given a 45-45-90 triangle
triangle. 30-60-90 triangle
Understand the sine and cosines of trigonometry
G-SRT.C.7 Explain and use the relationship between the sine complementary angles are equal. trigonometric ratios:
and cosine of complementary angles. Use a trig table. sine
Have a basic understanding of how to use trig to cosine
solve a real world problem. tangent
Set up a trig equation and solve for a missing inverse trigonometry
G-SRT.C.8 Use trigonometric ratios and the Pythagorean side.
Theorem to solve right triangles in applied problems. Read an application problem, set up a trig
equation, and solve for a missing side length.
Simplify a square root and rationalize the
denominator with a square root.
Discover the pattern of a 45-45-90 triangle and
use the pattern to find the missing sides of a
triangle.
Discover the pattern of a 30-60-90 triangle and
use the pattern to find the missing sides of a
triangle
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Geometry 1-2 2014-2015
PUHSD Curriculum
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Geometry 1-2 2014-2015
PUHSD Curriculum
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Geometry 1-2 2014-2015
PUHSD Curriculum
Unit 9: Circles
Enduring Understandings: Essential Questions:
Properties of circles can be explained and How are theorems for circles applied and proven?
applied algebraically and geometrically. How are geometric properties of circles embedded in equations?
How is proportion used in arc and sector measurements?
How are real world situations modeled with circles?
Standard Learning Targets Technology Standards
A. Understand and apply theorems about circles I can prove all circles are similar to each other Geogebra
G-C.A.1 Prove that all circles are similar. based on similarity transformations (rigid Key Vocabulary
motion followed by a dilation.) Circle, center
I can identify inscribed angles, radii, and chord
G-C.A.2 Identify and describe relationships among inscribed angles, chords. secant, tangent
radii, and chords. Include the relationship between central, I can describe relationships between segment minor arc, major arc
inscribed, and circumscribed angles; inscribed angles on a lengths intersecting inside and outside of the arc length
diameter are right angles; the radius of a circle is circle. inscribed angle/triangle
perpendicular to the tangent where the radius intersects I can describe relationships between angles circumscribed
the circle. formed inside and outside of the circle. angle/triangle
I can construct inscribed and circumscribed central angle
G-C.A.3 Construct the inscribed and circumscribed circles of a circles of a triangle. intercepted arc
triangle, and prove properties of angles for a quadrilateral I can prove the following properties for diameter
inscribed in a circle. radius
quadrilateral ABCD inscribed in a circle; (i.e) A
semi-circle
B. Find arc lengths and areas of sectors of circles + C =B +D =180o point of tangency
G-C.B.5 Derive using similarity the fact that the length of the arc I can use similarity to logically arrive at the circumference
intercepted by an angle is proportional to the radius, and following; the length of the arc intercepted by area
define the radian measure of the angle as the constant of an angle is proportional to the radius, the inscribed polygon
proportionality; derive the formula for the area of a sector. definition of radian measure of the angle as the locus
constant of proportionality, the formula for the chord
A. Translate between the geometric description and the equation for a conic area of a sector. inscribed quadrilateral
section I can create the equation of a circle of the
G-GPE.A.1 Derive the equation of a circle of given center and radius given center and radius based on the definition
using the Pythagorean Theorem; complete the square to of a circle.
find the center and radius of a circle given by an equation. I can complete the square in terms of x and y
to find the center and radius of a circle.
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Geometry 1-2 2014-2015
PUHSD Curriculum
A. Explain volume formulas and use them to solve problems I can explain the formulas for the
G-GMD.A.1 Give an informal argument for the formulas for the circumference of a circle and area of a circle by
circumference of a circle, area of a circle, volume of a using:
cylinder, pyramid, and cone. Use dissection arguments, -Dissection arguments, separating a shape into
Cavalieris principle, and informal limit arguments. two or more shapes.
-Informal Limit arguments, find the area of
A. Apply geometric concepts in modeling situations curved shapes using an infinite number of
G-MG.A.3 Apply geometric methods to solve design problems (e.g., rectangle.
designing an object or structure to satisfy physical
constraints or minimize cost; working with typographic
grid systems based on ratios).
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