Research Report On Shortage of Wheat in Pakistan

Causes of wheat Shortage in Pakistan
Researched By;
Group # 04
Najam- us- Sehar 10
Muhammad Anis 15
Sajjad Hussain 24
Shakir Rashid 27
Waseem Iqbal 33
Sadia Zahoor 38
Muhammad Ramzan 43
M.Com 2nd
(2007-2009)
Business Research Method 1



Presented to
Mr.
Azhar Sheikh
TO OUR
PARENTS
& TEACHERS
Our kind Teacher Mr. Azhar Sheikh

By virtue of who’s Prayers, We have been able to reach at this position and
whose hands always rose for prayers and wellbeing.
We feel proud by having guideline from our teacher. Mr. Azhar Sheikh. We
cannot forget their cooperation.

We certified that our group session 2008-2010 has carried out this report
titled “Causes of Wheat Shortage in Pakistan”.
Under the supervision of Sir Azhar Sheikh Department of Commerce The Islamia
University of BWP.
Name of Group
Group # 4
Roll No.
(10, 15, 24, 27, 33, 38, 43)
M. Com (2nd Morning)
The Islamia University BWP

The supervisory committee certificates the contents and corms of report

submitted by group # 4 Roll no. 10, 15, 24, 27, 33, 38, 43 have been found
satisfactory and recommend that it be processed for evaluation, by the 3
external examiner for the award of passing BRM.
Supervisor ______________.

All praises for ALLAH, the Almighty, who guides us in the darkness and
help in difficulties and all respect, and for Holy Prophet Hazrat Muhammad
(Peace Be Upon Him) who enables us to recognize our creator, who enlightens
our minds to choose the right path of life.
The words are meaning less to express our heartful to Mr. Azhar Sheikh
for his outstanding suggestions and kind help at each and every step. It was
very difficult we want to say impossible to complete this research report in such
a good manner.
We feel honor to express our sincere gratitude to Mr. Azhar Sheikh for
this supervision, guidance and encouragement throughout this research. We
always found him very much alive, full of zeal, vitality and intellectual curiosity.
With out his ideas, remarks and endless interest out and completed and
thanks to all teachers.
Special ovation to our parents they cherished us from our childhood and
reminded a source of strength during our studies. We want to thanks our
parents for there prays valuable guidance, suggestion and assistance in every
moment of life.

In the Business environment before putting any decision regarding any

thing into action, one must have conduct research to anticipate the strength
and weaknesses of business. In our M.com programme, theory with practical is
like body with soul. As the part of our subject “Business research Methods” We
selected the topic “Causes of Wheat Shortage in Pakistan” for research
purpose. Conducting research on this topic has broadened our horizons of
knowledge about subject of business research.
We come across different problems why conducting the research and

also when analyzing the data, but this develop our ability to handle the
problems effectively and efficiently. Please keep in view our impulses of
passion, quest and enthusiasm consisting behind this publication. We people
have made best of our efforts to design the final report of research complete,
concise and comprehensive.
We presented the material in such a form that can easily be grasped. We

accept that the information provided in this report is not final; there may be
some deficiencies in this research report. But we have expectation from our
Teachers that they will ignore our deficiencies as it our first fieldwork
experience. However we will appreciate all suggestions for the improvement of
our report from our respectable teachers as well as from our senior fellows.
Researchers….

CHAPTER NO DETAIL PAGE No.

Chapter no. 1 Executive Summary 12
Chapter no. 2 Introductions 15
2.1 What is research? 16
2.2 Selection of topic 16
2.3 Selection of area 17
2.4 Purpose of study 17
2.5 Objectives 17
2.6 Scope of study 18
2.7 Problems faced during survey 18
Chapter no. 3 Literature Review 24
3.1 History 24
3.2 Wheat Shortage in Pakistan 26
3.2.1 1st Time 26
3.2.2 2nd Time 26
3.2.3 3rd Time 27
3.2.4 4th Time 27
Chapter no. 4 Data Analysis 28
4.1 Methodology 28
4.2 Sample size 28
4.3 Sampling techniques 28
4.4 Problem statement 29
4.5 Primary data collection 29
4.6 Secondary data collection 29
4.7 Data processing 29
4.8 Questionnaires 29
Chapter no. 5 Variables 43
5.1 Independent variable 43
5.2 Dependent variable 43
5.3 Moderating variable 43
Chapter no. 6 Findings 44
Chapter no. 7 Conclusions 45
Chapter no. 8 Suggestions & Recommendations 46
Chapter no. 9 Limitations 47
Chapter no. 10 References 48

Chapter
Executive Summary
Wheat is a staple food of people of Pakistan and the largest grain crop
of the country. The average yield of wheat in Pakistan is far less than the
potential yield and yield realized by the progressive farmers and research

stations. The purpose of present study is to estimate the average wheat yield
and forecast the future wheat production in Bahawalpur (Pakistan).
Pakistan is an agricultural country and almost 70% of its population living

in rural areas. Pakistan is a nation of over 170 million people who consume 25
million tones of wheat every year. Government of Pakistan is trying to
overcome this shortage but all the acts are going in vain. Our research will
comprise to find out the reasons for this shortage of flour in Pakistan.
To cover the shortfall the government has resorted to importing wheat from
Australia and Russia at 70% higher prices.
We have collected the data from two tehsils (Yazman & Ahmed pur East)
of district Bahawalpur and finding the reasons for wheat shortage in Pakistan.
The data used in the present study were collected from 2 tehsils of Bahawalpur
district i.e. 1st Ahmed pur East & 2nd Yazman of the Punjab province. We have
interviewed 100 farmers from above mentioned tehsils and have taken 2
villages from each tehsil and interviewed 25 farmers from each village.
We have used SPSS software for data analysis and also took help from
excel. We used z-test, arithmetic mean for data analysis. According to our
research most of the farmers were facing so many difficulties such as high
prices of pesticides, fertilizers and shortage of canal water.
There are two main problems, which the farmers are facing now days
such as unavailability of quality seeds and Government does not provide any
information related to ploughing and cultivation. Due to low prices of wheat,

farmers are discouraged and are using less area for wheat production.
According to the FAO survey, Pakistan ranks 9th in wheat production among
121 wheat producing countries.
In most of the cases such as new diseases Government does not provide
any up-to-date information and if they do so it is done of that stage when the
crops are totally destroyed. Rising inputs prices for farmers has also added to
escalating foods prices. The previous Government has also reduced wheat
subsidies that had a negative impact on farmers. Farmers always produce
commodities that have an attractive price with the reduced subsidies; they
switched to others cash crops such as sunflowers etc.
The previous Government blames the wheat shortage on illegal smuggling to
Afghanistan, Central Asia and Russia. However the black market is a weak
excuse by the Pakistani Government. Nevertheless, all is not lost. Pakistan is a
rich land. Currently the Punjab province 17 million tones of wheat annually. So
Government should takes steps to overcome such obstacles and reduce the
wheat shortage in Pakistan.

Chapter
2
Introduction
Agriculture sector is the backbone of Pakistan economy. It

provides livelihood for the population and raw material for agro-based
industries. The most important role of agriculture in the national economy is to
generate surpluses for export to earn the much –needed foreign exchange.
Agriculture accounts for 24% of the GDP and employs 48.4% of the total work
force. Almost two third of the country’s population is living in rural areas and
directly or indirectly linked with agriculture for the livelihood (Government of
Pakistan, 2008).
In Punjab, agriculture is dominated by the crop sector. The value
added of major crops accounts for 41% of value added in over all agriculture.
Agriculture in Punjab is not entirely subsistent; there are farmers who grow
crops at the commercial level. They sell a part of their product and purchase
the required inputs. They are, therefore, affected by the changes in prices of
agricultural products received and by technological and marketing
developments. Wheat is an important food crop of the world. It was grown in
121 countries on 215 million hectares in 2008 representing 15% of the world’s
cropped area. Over 583 million tons of wheat was harvested in 2008, which
constituted 28% of the world food supplies of which 17% was traded in the
world market (FAO 2008).
Global wheat consumption was up for the fifth year in a row and is
exceeded wheat production. Consequently, wheat stocks tended to deplete,
particularly among the importer (FSA, 2008). Developing world’s share of all
wheat imports amounted to 60% and had been increasing for 25 years and was
expected to continue unabated (FAO 2008).
Out of the 121 wheat growing countries, Pakistan ranks 8th in terms of yield per
unit area (FAO 2008).
2.1 What is research?
A systematic and scientific inquiry or investigation into a specific

problem undertaken with the purpose of finding answers or solutions to it.

2.2 Selection of topic
Pakistan is an agricultural country and agriculture sector

contributes 48% of total GDP of Pakistan. In spite the fact that agriculture
sector is the backbone of Pakistan’s economy but it faces flour shortage every
year. That is why we select this topic to investigate the root causes of this
shortage.
2.3 Selection of area
The data used in the present study were collected from 2 tehsils of
Bahawalpur district i.e. 1st Ahmed pur East & 2nd Yazman of the Punjab
province. We have interviewed 100 farmers from above mentioned tehsils and
have taken 2 villages from each tehsil and interviewed 25 farmers from each
village.
2.4 Purpose of study
As the study analysis includes the qualitative data analyses so our

research will also base on the qualitative data that includes interviews,
questionnaire and market survey and analysis the existing variables.

2.5 Objectives
The main objective of our research will be to find out the:

• Reasons for the shortage of wheat.
• What is Government role?
• To study the agricultural environment
• To solve the shortage problems.
• To see the problems faced by different researchers attached to wheat.
2.6 Scope of study
We will conduct our research in Bahawalpur for the purpose to know the
reasons behind this shortage of wheat. So it will be our applied research
because the shortage of flour prevails only in Pakistan. It will be not applicable
to other country facing the same shortage of flour. Because the variable may
totally differ from Pakistan.
2.7 Problem facing during survey
 We have less time to investigate

 Sample size was too small
 Some farmers don’t cooperate with us

 Farmers were not easily accessible

 Some farmers don’t provide accurate and satisfactory information
 Some farmers excuse to give their time
AREA, PRODUCTION AND YIELD OF WHEAT IN PAKISTAN

Area (m. Production (m.
Year Yield (kg/ha)
ha) tones)
1999-00 8.463 21.079 2491

2000-01 8.261 19.018 2302
2001-02 8.058 18.226 2262
2002-03 8.034 19.183 2388
2003-04 8.216 19.500 2375
2004-05 8.358 21.612 2586
2005-06 8.303 21.700 2614
2006-07 8.459 23.031 2723
Average 8.219 19.879 2420

Source: Ministry of Food, Agriculture & Livestock, Federal Bureau of

Statistics

EXPORT / IMPORT
Pakistan's economy has taken a new turn with the country for the first time
entering the wheat export market with the shipment of 35,000 tons to Iraq in 2002.
Depending upon production and inland consumption, export quantity varied from year
to year.
Export (Wheat + Wheat Import Per Capita

Flour) availability
Quantity Value Quantity Value (kg/year)
2002-03 80.5 671.7 - - 113.8
2003-04 642.6 4361.6 - - 115.0
2004-05 1535.6 10713.3 - - 119.2
2005-06 334.7 Business

2833.6Research
- Method
- 119.3 20
2006-07 521.7 5413.3 1368.0 - 113.4

Source: Agricultural Statistics of Pakistan 2006-07
FAO survey 2008
Pakistan falls in top ten wheat-producing countries of the world and ranks
at No. 9 in terms area under wheat cultivation. We are No. 5 in terms of yield
per hectare and stand at No. 8 in terms of production. However, it is very hard
to compare the yield of different countries due to differences in climate, crop
management in various cropping systems, and type of wheat (winter / spring

wheat). Major wheat producing countries of the world are given below:
S# Area (m. Yield (kg/ha Production (m

Country
Ha) ) . Tones)
1 India 27.300 26,39 72.060
2 Russian
22.200 19,00 42.200
Federation
3 China 21.730 42,02 91.330
4 United States of
20.317 28,98 58.881
America
5 Australia 12.200 18,44 22.500
6 Kazakhstan 10.500 9143 9.600
7 Canada 9.906 24,69 24.462
8 Turkey 9.400 22,34 21.000
9 Pakistan 8.176 24,18 19.767
10 Argentina 7.000 21,14 14.800
Importance of the study:
This research has been assigned to us an academic activity with the view
to throw us into the practical world. This report will complement our educational
and learning process from practical side; certainly this report will extend and
enhance our abilities to cope with the actual situations, while we were
preparing the research proposal, developing and designing the questionnaire
filled in analyzing the results and presenting the findings and
recommendations.
The results of this research report can be used to explore the hidden
reasons behind the shortage of wheat in Pakistan.
Chapter
3
Literature review

3.1 History
1953 Apr 11, 1953 - KARACHI, Pakistan, April 10Following his

announcement yesterday that the nation had to get 1500000 tons of wheat
immediately to prevent starvation, Khwaja Nazimuddin, Prime Minister,
1974 Oct 19, 1974 - Moslem sect; border troubles with the neighboring
Afghans, some potential wheat shortages and an annual inflation
rate of 25 Per cent.
1997 Apr 19, 1997 - KARACHI, Pakistan - A national wheat shortage has
caused people to line up for hours to buy flour, and yesterday a mob looted a
truck carrying flour to market. The shortage has caused food riots around the
country in recent weeks.
2001 Apr 21, 2001 - Fishing has been decimated, farmland is parched,
and rioters have smashed windows and overturned cars to protest
water shortages in Karachi, ... "The wheat production in Sindh has

fallen by almost 40 percent," said Qamaruzzaman Shah, chairman

of Pakistan Chamber of Agriculture.
2004 Jan 11, 2004 - By Rizwan Malik - Pakistan Times Staff

Correspondent. ISLAMABAD: There is no shortage of wheat in any
part of the country,
2005 Mar 11, 2005 - Members of opposition, Pakistan Peoples Party

Parliamentarian (PPPP) Syed Naveed Qamar, Barrister Ch. Aitizaz
Ahsan and Raja Pervez Ashraf and ... The minister reiterated that
there is no shortage of wheat in the country as sufficient stocks are
available to meet the requirements.
2007 Sep 26, 2007 - It is most regrettable that in this wheat shortage
scandal the government is behaving in exactly the same manner: refusing to
take action against the hoarders, whose identity it must surely be in
knowledge of.
2008 Jan 9, 2008 - Wheat flour is a staple foodstuff in Pakistan, where

rotes or unleavened bread are eaten with almost every meal.

2009 Mar 14, 2009 - LAHORE: the Pakistan Agricultural Storage and
Services Corporation (PASSCO) on Tuesday opened tenders for the import of
150000 metric tons of wheat scheduled to be shipped into the country by mid
February to avert any wheat shortage.
3.2 Wheat Shortage IN Pakistan
Wheat shortage in Pakistan has taken place four times Causes of the shortage
have been the same that is smuggling to neighboring countries. But none of
those shortages were as acute as now.
3.2.1 1st Time

First time acute food shortage hit the country it happened in 1953
during Khawaja Nazimuddin’s Prime Minister Ship. We borrowed $ 10 million
from the World Bank and purchased wheat from Canada on loan. The total cost
of wheat imported from Canada was $ 35 million.
3.2.2 2nd Time

Second time wheat shortage took place in 1967 during Ayub
Khan’s days, when we purchased wheat worth Rs 110 million (in those days,
one crore Rupees used to be equal to $ two million, whereas now one million
dollar is equal to Pak Rupees three million).
3.2.3 3rd Time

Third time it hit Pakistan in Ziaul Haq’s Presidency. Smuggling

out of our wheat to India, Afghanistan, Iran and Central Asia was the cause of
this wheat shortage.
3.2.4 4th Time

Fourth time wheat shortage took place during Musharraf’s presidency. A
government decision in early 2007 to export a half-million tones of Pakistani
wheat, after it over-projected the national harvest, has contributed to the
shortfall.

Chapter
Data analysis
4.1 Methodology
Primary data on cost, returns and yield of wheat were collected
using prescribed questionnaire. The questionnaire was pre-tested in the
field and modified accordingly. Simple random technique was used to
select the respondent farmers. Data were collected by personal interview
method.
4.2 Sample size

The data used in the present study were collected from 2 tehsils of
Bahawalpur district i.e. 1st Ahmed pur East & 2nd Yazman of the Punjab
province. We have interviewed 100 farmers from above mentioned tehsils and
have taken 2 villages from each tehsil and interviewed 25 farmers from each
village.
4.3 Sampling techniques

We have randomly selected the farmers for primary data collection.

4.4 Problem statement

We have stated our research problem that” Why the shortage of
wheat is happening”. In order to have a clear understanding of the topic, here
we define some terms used in our research problem statement.
4.5 Primary data collection

Apart from the individuals who provide information when
interviewed, administered questionnaires or observed discussed at length
under data collection method.
4.6 Secondary data collection

Secondary data is collected through Internet, journals, newspapers
and scholarly research articles.
4.7 Data processing

Data has processed through SPSS and excel software.
4.8 Questionnaires
Our research is the qualitative type of research. We have taken the
interviews from the PA of the PASSCO centre Food inspector and honors of
two mills and take the questionnaire from the Land lords and the formers.

Q. How much wheat you can store in this warehouse?

The storage capacity of the NASIR FLOUR MILLS is 50,000
Bags of 100 kg.
ASIA FLOUR MILLS is 1, 00,000 bags of 100 kg of Bahawalpur.
253,368 bags are covered and 1, 00,000 are open in
PASSCO Bahawalpur.
Q. How much area covered by you?
All the PASSCO only their district area, but the four mills are free
to purchase the wheat from the open market even from PASSCO.
Q Is it more than last year or less than last year?

It is analyze that the wheat received this year from the PASSCO and
Flourmills are less than last year.
Q If more than or less than then what factors you think behind this?
Because the farmer do not want to cultivate the wheat and feel
Hesitation.
Q To whom farmer prefer to sold their crops passco or private sectors?

They prefer to sell out their crops in private sector than Govt. sectors.
Q. What is target of Govt. for this year purchasing the wheat from farmers?
According the sample of Bahawalpur PASSCO centre is 1,400,000
Bags of 100 kg.

Q. Either Govt. has success to achieve that target or not?

No Government is not able to achieve the target this year.
Q. If can not achieve the target then what factors behind this?
It involves the wrong Govt. policies due to wrong reports from
Survey teams and the arrogation system of Pakistan.
Q. Has Govt. made any new policies to control this shortage?

Agriculture ministry is busy to form new policies and methods to
Control this shortage like giving subsidies to the agriculture sectors
and banned the export of wheat.
Q. Is these policies are beneficial for every one i.e. rich and poor?
If policies made by the Govt. are giving some benefits to the farmers
in one sector then it put a lot of loss in the other sector. Due to
this policies the rich becomes richer and the poor become poorer.
Q. How much the hoarding affecting the wheat?

Hoarding is the big reason for the shortage of wheat. In the open
market the commission agents purchase the wheat at the lower
price and sale out at high price after some period. Some farmers
are also involved making the hoarding.

SA=Strongly Agree, A=Agree, U=Uncertain, D=Disagree, SD=Strongly

Disagree
Section-A
1. My age is in between:
51-abov
e
11% 20-30
20%
41-50
30%
31-40
39%
20-30 31-40 41-50 51-above

.
• For the answer of the 1st Q more of our farmer is belonging to 31-40
age groups, which shows that our farmer is in average age.
2. Land Ploughed by me this year is:

3
1
-m
or
e 1
-
10a
cr
es
8% 1
2%
2
1
-3
0a
cr
es
2
1
%
1
1
-2
0a
cr
es
5
9%
1-10
acres 11-20 acres 21-30 acres 31- above
• This shows that more of our farmer is poor and their income level is
low.
3. It is ___________ last year:

(A) Less than (B) More than (C) Equal to
Equal
15%
More
10%
Less
75%
• The graph is presenting that less wheat is cultivated by the farmer

this year as compared to last year.
4. If more than. It is due to:

(A) Rates of out put (B) Rates of input (C)any other reasons
anyother
reasons Ratesof out put
39% 43%
Ratesof input
18%
• Some of the farmers who cultivate more are due out puts but there
are many other reasons like some have invested more and hire
more land for cultivation.
5. If less than, it is due to:
(A) Rates of out put (B) Rates of input (C)any other reasons
anyother
reasons
6%
Ratesof
input
24%
Ratesof out
put
70%
• People hesitate to cultivate more wheat due to the low rate of out
put.
Section-B
6. I am satisfied with irrigation system in our region.

SA A U D SD
SA A
SD
2% 8%
15%
U
10%
D
65%
• Farmer is not satisfied with the irrigation system of Pakistan.
7. Quality and quantity of pesticides is according to my requirement.

SA A U D SD
SA
SD
6%
15
%
A
30%
D
4
1% U
8%
• 41% of the farmer has said that they are according to our
requirement. But many of the others have replied that we are this
agreeing to it.

8. The prices of pesticides according to my paying capacity.

SA A U D SD
SD
11%
SA
D
33%
14%
U
4%
A
38%
• Huge number of farmer have replayed that it’s higher then their
paying capacity because they are belonging to lower income class.
9. I can easily sell out my crop to retailers or any other institutions.

SA A U D SD
SA
SD
6%
15%
A
30%
D
41% U
8%
• There is no restriction on farmer to sale their wheat.

10. I prefer to sell out my crop to private sectors rather than Govt.
SA A U D SD
SD
D 4%
16%
SA
U
49%
10%
A
21%
• Farmer is happy to sale his wheat to open market due to price of

open market.
11. I can get seeds at right time and at reasonable prices.
SD SA
11% 4% A
17%
U
10%
D
58%

SA A U D SD
• Poor farmer can’t get the required seeds at right time and quality.
12. I can easily get the quality seeds.

SA A U D SD
SD
SA
8%
16%
A
D 15%
37%
U
24%
• Quality of seeds is not too good.

13. Govt. provides extra facilities in case of natural calamities and
disasters.
SA A U D SD
SA A
U
0%4%
8%
D
20%
SD
68%

• No is not compensated by govt. in case of natural climate.
14. I can avail the loan at easy terms and conditions.

SA A U D SD
SD SA
15% 16%
D A
28% 25%
U
16%
• Equal likely cases of loans are appeared. Poor said that loans are
only given to rich farmer or the person who has some approach.
15. Guidelines provided by the Gov’t in case of new diseases.

SA A U D SD
SA A
0% 6% U
13%
SD
37%
D
44%

• None of the person of govt. come to farmer to guide them and if

come they are not trained.
16. I can easily access to the latest technology.
SA A U D SD
SA
SD
4%
19% A
19%
U
10%
D
48%
• Some land lords have said that they can avail the new technology
17. Gov’t provides training programs for better cultivation.

SA A U D SD
SA A
SD 0% 8% U
21% 7%
D
64%

• No training programs for better cultivation are haled by the govt.
18. I can easily access to the market to sell out the crop.
SA A U D SD
SD
5%
D SA
17% 29%
U
8%
A
41%
• Yes they can easily access to the market to sell out the crop
19. I can purchase latest tools for cultivation easily.

SA A U D SD

SA A
2%2% U
13%
SD
37%
D
46%
• Poor farmer can not purchase latest tools for cultivation easily
20. I am satisfied with prices of crop announced by the Govt.
SA A U D SD

SA
5%
A
18%
SD
39%
U
14%
D
24%
• Farmer is not satisfied with prices of crop announced by the Govt.
Chapter

Variables
5.1 INDEPENDENT VARIABLES:

1. RATE OF OUTPUT
2. HIGH RATE OF IN PUT.
3. HOARDING.
5.2 DEPENDENT VARIABLES
1. CULTIVATION OF WHEAT.
5.3 MODRATE VARIABLES
1. EXPORTS
RATE OF OUTPUT
HIGH RATE OF IN
PUT Cultivation of wheat
HOARDING
EXPOR
TS
Chapter
6 Business Research Method 44

Findings
• It is analyzed that the production of wheat is enhance by the hoarding.

At very initial stages the farmer after cultivation hoards some of its wheat
for future sale. After that the commission agents do this activity and take
part in the shortage of wheat. Flourmills also hoard the crop.
• High rate of inputs also causing the shortage of wheat. Farmer has
limited resources to meet the increasing the rate of input like fertilizers
seeds, pesticides.
• Relationship is also influenced by the export which is Moderate variable it
enhance the relationship in both the senses.
• The survey teams give the wrong reports to the Government and made
the policies on basis of false reports, due to which they give the
permission to export the wheat, which becomes another reason of the
shortage of wheat.
• The farmers are not satisfied with the irrigation system in their region.
• The farmers are not satisfied with the prices of wheat announced by the
government.
Chapter

Conclusion
The production of wheat is enhancing by the hoarding.

At very initial stages the farmer after cultivation hoards some of its wheat for
future sale. After that the commission agents do this activity and take part in
the shortage of wheat. Flourmills also hoard the crop.
Rate of inputs also causing the shortage of wheat. Farmer has limited
resources to meat the increasing the rate of input.
Wheat is also influenced by the export which is Moderate variable it enhance
the relationship in both the senses.
Wrong reports given by the survey teams to the Government and made
the policies on basis of false reports, due to which they give the permission
to export the wheat, which becomes an other reason of the shortage of
wheat.
Chapter
8
Suggestions & Recommendations
• Hoarding should be control by the Government by taking the actions like Khasra
Gardawari.
• The rates of inputs should be control.
• The subsidies should be given to the farmers.
• The survey team should provide the actual results, which should be based on real facts
and figures.
• There should be check and balance over the survey teams, the reports given by the
survey team should be audit whether it is true or false.
• The irrigation system should be improved.
• Government should provide extra facilities in case of natural calamities and disasters.
• Agriculture loans should be given at easy terms and conditions.
• Gov’t should provide training programs for better cultivation.
• Export should be banned in case of shortage.
Chapter
9
Limitations
 We have less time to investigate
 Sample size was too small
 Some farmers don’t cooperate with us
 Farmers were not easily accessible
 Some farmers don’t provide accurate and satisfactory information
 Some farmers excuse to give their time
 Our research result is based on limited area
Chapter

References
Source: Ministry of Food, Agriculture & Livestock, Federal Bureau of

Statistics
Source: Agricultural Statistics of Pakistan 2004-05
www.infoplease.com
Source: ICARDA. 2002. WANA Catalogue of Field and Seed Standards.
Third Edition. No. 25/02. Aleppo, Syria
Source: MINFAL
Source: FAO Stat. 2004
www.bsp.gov.pk
: http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/business/pakistan-to-import-wheat-from-
india_10046071.html

http://www.thepigsite.com/swinenews/16675/backdrop-for-current-wheat-
shortage
Source: http://www.naitazi.com/2008/01/17/pakistan-faces-wheat-shortage/
Source:http://rememberjenkinsear.blogspot.com/2008/01/wheat-shortage-not-
cause-of-pakistan.html
PASSCO Bahawalpur
ASIA & NASIR Flour Mills Bahawalpur.
Pakistan Development Review. 32(1):69-86.



Research Report On Shortage of Wheat in Pakistan

Hochgeladen von

Dokumentinformationen

Originalbeschreibung:

Originaltitel

Copyright

Verfügbare Formate

Dieses Dokument teilen

Dokument teilen oder einbetten

Freigabeoptionen

Stufen Sie dieses Dokument als nützlich ein?

Sind diese Inhalte unangemessen?

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

Research Report On Shortage of Wheat in Pakistan

Hochgeladen von

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

Causes of wheat Shortage in Pakistan

Business Research Method 1

Business Research Method 2

Business Research Method 3

Our kind Teacher Mr. Azhar Sheikh

Business Research Method 5

Business Research Method 6

The supervisory committee certificates the contents and corms of report

Business Research Method 7

Business Research Method 8

In the Business environment before putting any decision regarding any

We come across different problems why conducting the research and

We presented the material in such a form that can easily be grasped. We

Business Research Method 9

CHAPTER NO DETAIL PAGE No.

Business Research Method 10

Business Research Method 11

Pakistan is an agricultural country and almost 70% of its population living

Business Research Method 12

Business Research Method 13

Agriculture sector is the backbone of Pakistan economy. It

2.1 What is research?

A systematic and scientific inquiry or investigation into a specific

Business Research Method 15

2.2 Selection of topic

Pakistan is an agricultural country and agriculture sector

2.3 Selection of area

2.4 Purpose of study

As the study analysis includes the qualitative data analyses so our

Business Research Method 16

The main objective of our research will be to find out the:

2.6 Scope of study

2.7 Problem facing during survey

 We have less time to investigate

Business Research Method 17

 Farmers were not easily accessible

AREA, PRODUCTION AND YIELD OF WHEAT IN PAKISTAN

1999-00 8.463 21.079 2491

Business Research Method 18

Source: Ministry of Food, Agriculture & Livestock, Federal Bureau of

Business Research Method 19

Export (Wheat + Wheat Import Per Capita

2003-04 642.6 4361.6 - - 115.0

2004-05 1535.6 10713.3 - - 119.2

2005-06 334.7 Business

2006-07 521.7 5413.3 1368.0 - 113.4

Source: Agricultural Statistics of Pakistan 2006-07

FAO survey 2008

management in various cropping systems, and type of wheat (winter / spring

S# Area (m. Yield (kg/ha Production (m

Importance of the study:

Business Research Method 23

1953 Apr 11, 1953 - KARACHI, Pakistan, April 10Following his

Business Research Method 24

fallen by almost 40 percent," said Qamaruzzaman Shah, chairman

2004 Jan 11, 2004 - By Rizwan Malik - Pakistan Times Staff

2005 Mar 11, 2005 - Members of opposition, Pakistan Peoples Party

2008 Jan 9, 2008 - Wheat flour is a staple foodstuff in Pakistan, where

Business Research Method 25

3.2.1 1st Time

3.2.2 2nd Time

3.2.3 3rd Time