EC6001 MEDICAL ELECTRONICS.

UNIT I ELECTRO-PHYSIOLOGY AND BIO-POTENTIAL RECORDING

The origin of Bio-potentials; biopotential electrodes, biological amplifiers, ECG,
EEG, EMG, PCG, lead systems and recording methods, typical waveforms and
signal characteristics.

UNIT II BIO-CHEMICAL AND NON ELECTRICAL PARAMETER

MEASUREMENT pH, PO2, PCO2, colorimeter, Auto analyzer, Blood flow
meter, cardiac output, respiratory measurement, Blood pressure, temperature,
pulse, Blood Cell Counters.

UNIT III ASSIST DEVICES

Cardiac pacemakers, DC Defibrillator, Dialyser, Heart lung machine

UNIT IV PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND BIOTELEMETRY

Diathermies- Shortwave, ultrasonic and microwave type and their applications,
Surgical Diathermy Telemetry principles, frequency selection, biotelemetry,
radiopill, electrical safety

UNIT V RECENT TRENDS IN MEDICAL INSTRUMENTATION

Thermograph, endoscopy unit, Laser in medicine, cryogenic application,
Introduction to telemedicine
UNIT I FUNDAMENTALS OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 9
Cell and its structure Resting and Action Potential Nervous system and its
fundamentals - Basic
components of a biomedical system- Cardiovascular systems- Respiratory systems
-Kidney and blood flow - Biomechanics of bone - Biomechanics of soft tissues -
Basic mechanics of spinal column and limbs -Physiological signals and transducers
- Transducers selection criteria Piezo electric,ultrasonic transducers -
Temperature measurements - Fibre optic temperature sensors.

UNIT II NON ELECTRICAL PARAMETERS MEASUREMENT AND

DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES
Measurement of blood pressure - Cardiac output - Heart rate - Heart sound -
Pulmonary function measurements spirometer Photo Plethysmography, Body
Plethysmography Blood Gasanalysers, pH of blood measurement of blood
pCO2, pO2, finger-tip oxymeter - ESR, GSRmeasurements

UNIT III ELECTRICAL PARAMETERS ACQUISITION AND ANALYSIS

Electrodes Limb electrodes floating electrodes pregelled disposable electrodes
- Micro, needle and surface electrodes Amplifiers, Preamplifiers, differential
amplifiers, chopper amplifiers Isolation amplifier - ECG EEG EMG ERG
Lead systems and recording methods Typical
waveforms - Electrical safety in medical environment, shock hazards leakage
current-Instrumentsfor checking safety parameters of biomedical equipments.

UNIT IV IMAGING MODALITIES AND ANALYSIS

Radio graphic and fluoroscopic techniques Computer tomography MRI
Ultrasonography Endoscopy Thermography Different types of biotelemetry
systems - Retinal Imaging - Imaging
application in Biometric systems - Analysis of digital images.

UNIT V LIFE ASSISTING, THERAPEUTIC AND ROBOTIC DEVICES

Pacemakers Defibrillators Ventilators Nerve and muscle stimulators
Diathermy Heart Lungmachine Audio meters Dialysers Lithotripsy -
ICCU patient monitoring system - Nano Robots -
Robotic surgery Advanced 3D surgical techniques- Orthopedic prostheses fixatio
BIO-MEDICAL ENGINEERING
(OPEN ELECTIVE)
UNIT-I:
INTRODUCTION TO BIOMEDICAL INSTRUMENTATION: Age of
Biomedical Engineering, Development of Biomedical Instrumentation, Man
Instrumentation System, Components of the Man-Instrument System,
Physiological System of the Body, Problems Encountered in Measuring a
Living System, Sources of Bioelectric Potentials, Muscle, Bioelectric
Potentials, Sources of Bioelectric Potentials, Resting and Action Potentials,
Propagation of Action Potential, Bioelectric Potentials-ECG, EEG and EMG,
Envoked Responses.
UNIT-II:
ELECTRODES AND TRANSDUCERS: Introduction, Electrode Theory,
Biopotential Electrodes, Examples of Electrodes, Basic Transducer
Principles, Biochemical Transducers, The Transducer and Transduction
Principles, Active Transducers, Passive Transducers, Transducers for
Biomedical Applications, Pulse Sensors, Respiration Sensor, Transducers
with Digital Output.
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UNIT-III:
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM AND MEASUREMENTS: The Heart
and Cardiovascular System, Electro Cardiography, Blood Pressure
Measurement, Measurement of Blood Flow and Cardiac Output,
Measurement of Heart Sound, Plethysmography.
MEASUREMENTS IN THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM: The
Physiology of The Respiratory System, Tests and Instrumentation for
The Mechanics of Breathing, Respiratory Therapy Equipment.
UNIT-IV:
PATIENT CARE AND MONITORING: Elements of Intensive-Care
Monitoring, Patient Monitoring Displays, Diagnosis, Calibration and Repair
ability of Patient-Monitoring Equipment, Other Instrumentation for
Monitoring Patients, Organization of the Hospital for Patient-Care
Monitoring, Pacemakers, Defibrillators, Radio Frequency Applications of
Therapeutic use.
THERAPEUTIC AND PROSTHETIC DEVICES: Audiometers and
Hearing Aids.
Myoelectric Arm, Laparoscope, Ophthalmology Instruments, Anatomy of
Vision,.
Electrophysiological Tests, Ophthalmoscope, Tonometer for Eye Pressure
Measurement.
Diathermy, Clinical Laboratory Instruments, Biomaterials, Stimulators.
UNIT-V:
DIAGNOSTIC TECHNIQUES AND BIO-TELEMETRY: Principles of
Ultrasonic Measurement, Ultrasonic Imaging, Ultrasonic Applications of
Therapeutic Uses, Ultrasonic Diagnosis, X-Ray and Radio-Isotope
Instrumentations, CAT Scan, Emission Computerized Tomography, MRI,
Introduction to Biotelemetry, Physiological Parameters Adaptable to
Biotelemetry, The Components of Biotelemetry System, Implantable Units,
Telemetry for ECG Measurements during Exercise, Telemetry for
Emergency Patient Monitoring.
UNIT-VI:
MONITORS, RECORDERS AND SHOCK HAZARDS: Biopotential
Amplifiers, Monitors, Recorders, Shock Hazards and Prevention,
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Physiological Effects and Electrical Current, Shock Hazards from Electrical
Equipment, Methods of Accident Prevention, Isolated Power Distribution
System.
Text Books:
1. Bio-Medical Electronics and Instrumentation, Onkar N. Pandey,
Rakesh Kumar, Katson Books.
2. Bio-Medical Instrumentation, Cromewell , Wiebell, Pfeiffer
References:
1. Introduction to Bio-Medical Equipment Technology, 4th Edition,
Joseph J. Carr, John M. Brown, Pearson Publications.
2. Hand Book of Bio-Medical Instrumentation, Khandapur.
McGrawHill