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Tras un estudio del estado de arte en cuanto a los sensores para la deteccin y conteo de
vehculos, la manera de detectar los vehculos que se encuentran parados en el semforo
o que se aproximan a la interseccin, est basada en el tratamiento digital de las
imgenes tomadas mediante cmaras inalmbricas montadas en el semforo. Para
realizar dicho tratamiento digital de imgenes se han desarrollado dos algoritmos, uno
para la deteccin de vehculos de da y otro para la deteccin de vehculos de noche.
Los resultados de fiabilidad de estos algoritmos, usando alrededor de 400 imgenes de
prueba, son del 98.8% de aciertos y del 95.5% de aciertos respectivamente.
Adicionalmente, para la transicin entre estos dos algoritmos se ha desarrollado un
detector del entorno de luz ambiente, tambin basado en tcnicas de tratamiento digital
de imgenes.
Como valor aadido de este proyecto, tambin gracias al tratamiento digital de las
imgenes, se ha desarrollado un algoritmo para la estimacin de la velocidad de los
vehculos que se aproximan a la interseccin. Esta informacin permite saber si se
puede llegar a producir una colisin de un vehculo con otro en la interseccin en el
caso de que alguno de ellos cruce la interseccin sin el permiso concedido por los
semforos.
Por otro lado, la manera de discrepar entre vehculos de emergencia, transporte pblico
y vehculos corrientes se realiza mediante tcnicas de comunicacin Bluetooth, ya que
las tcnicas de tratamiento digital de imgenes no han resultado efectivas para
discriminar vehculos prioritarios. Adems, se han desarrollado prototipos de antenas
unidireccionales Bluetooth, las recomendadas para la deteccin unvoca del tipo de
vehculo que se aproxima por cada va de la interseccin.
This intelligent system, also known as TEA (Traffic Enhancement Application), has the
following objectives:
Reducing queuing times for vehicles that are in a junction.
Reducing the number of stops/starts that occur in a traffic junction. Because of
this, fuel consumption and pollutant emissions are reduced also.
Giving priority to cross a junction to emergency equipment and public transport.
Reducing potential vehicle crashes that could be caused by vehicles that cross
the junction despite the fact they are not allowed to.
After a state of the art study on vehicle detection and counting techniques using sensors,
the method used for detecting vehicles that are approaching the junction is based on
digital image processing technique. This technique is applied to images retrieved by IP
cameras installed on the top of traffic lights. In order to implement this method two
algorithms have been developed, one for detecting vehicles under daytime conditions,
and another for detecting vehicles under nighttime conditions. Results of reliability tests
of these algorithms, using over 400 images, show 98.8% and 95.5% effectiveness
respectively. In addition, so as to use daytime algorithm or nighttime algorithm, a time
condition detector has also been developed, using digital image processing techniques
again.
As an added value to this project, an algorithm for estimating current vehicle speed that
is coming to the junction has been developed too. Using this data, it could be known if a
potential vehicle crash could happen by a vehicle that is trying to cross the junction
without the permission given by traffic lights.
The way of identifying the kind of vehicle that is approaching, is based on Bluetooth
communication techniques. Thereby, public transport and emergency equipment can be
detected so as to give them priority to cross the junction. Results using digital image
processing so as to detect this kind of vehicle were unsuccessful, that is why Bluetooth
communication techniques are used. Moreover, unidirectional Bluetooth antennas
prototypes have been created, making clear what kind of vehicle is approaching the
junction.
Counting vehicles that are coming to the intersection and checking if any of them
belongs to emergency equipment, are results that must be processed by a decision
support system. That is why; a decision support system has been also developed and
included in this project. As a result, the best decision for that right instant is generated
in real-time so as to propagate it to intersections traffic lights.
Results from these experimental tests are quite successful, reassuring estimations made
by executing this intelligent system on simulated environments. More precisely, results
obtained during experimental tests were:
56.3% queuing times reduction. From 2.217 seconds of accumulated waiting
time over the first 30 minutes, to 968 seconds over the last 30 minutes.
70 stops/starts events are eliminated. From 142 stops/starts over 252 vehicles
that crossed the junction during the first 30 minutes, to 72 stops/starts over 252
vehicles served during the last 30 minutes.
0.564 fuel consumption reduction over the last 30 minutes.
1.922,83 CO2 grams reduction over the last 30 minutes.
In a nutshell, objectives proposed for this project have been successfully met because an
intelligent traffic regulation system has been created in terms of high quality and low
cost.