Licence By Post Issue 7 July 2012

THE EASA ESSAY (EE) PROGRAMME MODS 7A/7B, 9A/9B & 10

QUESTIONS TO BE COMPLETED & CHECKED
AGAINST THE MODEL ANSWERS SUPPLIED
The following questions are part of the LBP EASA ESSAY programme. Before
attempting the questions you should have studied EASA modules 7A/7B (as
appropriate), 9A/9B (as appropriate) and 10 and the LBP document EASA
EXAMINATION TECHNIQUE GUIDE EASA PART 66.

Take note of the category that each question is applicably to (marked on each
paper as category A and/or B).

In general, most questions are common to all categories and the CAA would
expect an answer to the appropriate depth (level) depending on whether the
person is a category A, B1, B2 or B3 person. Note that the B3 persons answers
are expected to reflect the level of technology appropriate to small aircraft (non-
pressurised piston engined aircraft of weight 2000kg MTOM Mean Take Off
Mass and below).

We have tried to indicate the depth of answer required by a star system based
on the EASA part 66 syllabus. This star system is not accurate but does give a
general guide as to the detail required in the answer. That is:

* Level 1 in the EASA syllabus. Not too much detail required but
needs a good understanding of the problem and the general
procedure/s to be carried out.
** Level 2 in the EASA syllabus. The same as above but more detail
would be required.
*** Level 3 in the EASA syllabus. A thorough understand required of
the question/problem and the procedure required with detail and
facts in the answer.

IN ANY EVENT complete your answer to each question WITH AS MUCH

DETAIL AS POSSIBLE & TO THE BEST OF YOUR ABILITY. Remember, you are
trying to IMPRESS the man.

After you have completed each questions (with the answer covered up of
course) check your answer against the one given.. They do not have to be
identical but they should contain the main head-words and be set out in a
logical manner.

Remember, read the question carefully. Also, any one answer to a question
could overlap parts of any of the modules 7, 9, and 10.

Remember also that model answers should not be used on CAA exams as they
can be recognised and will be marked down.

-1-
Questions in this set: Module 7 12 questions (some cat A and some cat B)
Module 9 4 questions (some cat A and some cat B)
Module 10 3 questions (some cat A and some cat B)

Comparison of the module 7A and 7B syllabi for your reference.

The two syllabi are virtually identical and for more details of each syllabus
section you are advised to check out the syllabus on the CAAs website/our
study guide. We have listed below the topics and the difficulty levels as
specified in the Part 66 syllabus modules 7A and 7B.

Module 7A covers categories A, B1 and B2. Module 7B covers category B3.

SUBJECT (SHORT TITLE) SYLLABUS

7A 7B
LEVEL
A B1 B2 B3
Safety 3 3 3 3
Workshop practices 3 3 3 3
Tools 3 3 3 3
Avionic test equipment - 2 3 -
Engineering drawing 1 2 2 2
Fits & clearances 1 3 3 2
Elect wiring 1 3 3 2
EWIS installations (elect cables) 1 3 3 -
Riveting 1 2 - 2
Pipes 1 2 - 2
Springs 1 2 - 1
Bearings 1 2 - 2
Transmissions 1 2 - 2
Control cables 1 2 - 2
Material handling - 2 - 2
Welding, brazing, bonding - 2 - 2
Soldering - 2 2 2
Aircraft weight & balance - 2 2 2
Aircraft prep for weighing - 2 - 2
Aircraft handling & storage 2 2 2 2
Defect types . Corrosion 2 3 3 3
Repair methods - 2 - 2
NDT - 2 1 2
Assembly techniques 2 2 2 2
Trouble shooting - 2 2 2
Lightning strikes HIRF 2 2 2 2
Abnormal events (eg heavy landing) 2 2 - 2
Maintenance procedures 1 2 2 2

Note. For a more detailed syllabus contents please consult the CAA syllabus.

-2-
Comparison of the module 9A and 9B syllabi for your reference

Module 9A covers categories A, B1 and B2. Module 9B covers category B3.

SUBJECT (SHORT TITLE) SYLLABUS

9A 9B
LEVEL
A B1 B2 B3

General 1 2 2 2
Human performance 1 2 2 2
Social psychology 1 1 1 1
Factors affecting performance 1 2 2 2
Physical environment 1 1 1 1
Tasks 1 1 1 1
Communication 2 2 2 2
Human error 1 2 2 2
Hazards in the workplace 1 2 2 2

Note. For a more detailed syllabus contents please consult the CAA syllabus

Comparison of the module 10A syllabi for your reference

Module 10A covers categories A, B1, B2 and B3.

SUBJECT (SHORT TITLE) SYLLABUS MODULE 10

LEVEL
A B1 B2 B3

Regulatory framework 1 1 1 1
Certifying staff 2 2 2 2
Approved organisations 2 2 2 2
Air operation 1 1 1 1
Certification, aircraft & parts (gen) - 1 1 1
(docs) - 2 2 2
Airworthiness 2 2 2 2
National & international require. 1 2 2 2
Continuing airworthiness - 1 1 1

Note. For a more detailed syllabus contents please consult the CAA syllabus

-3-
Licence By Post EASA ESSAY ALL 7A/7B/1
ISSUE 2
MAINTENANCE PRACTICES MODULE 7A/7B ESSAY PAPER

QUESTION 1 CATEGORY A and B

Your Name . Student No.

Date

Your category is? A(**) B1(***) B2(**) B3((***) (delete as appropriate)

_____________________________________________________________________________

Whilst inspecting the aircraft you discover corrosion on part of the structure.
Describe how you would rectify the damage and get the aircraft back to service.

_____________________________________________________________________________
Q7A/7B/1

TUTORS ANSWER

HEAD-WORDS CLEAN
CLASSIFY
ASCERTAIN REASON
REPAIR
SRM
REPROTECT
RECTIFY REASON
RECORD DETAILS

Clean area using cleaning agent as listed in the AMM and remove any components that restrict
access. Remove any paintwork using paint remover as listed in AMM so all area is visible.
Remove corrosion using rust remover/mechanical cleaning as listed in the AMM depending on
metal being treated. Mechanical cleaning may entail the use of a fine emery cloth with water as
a lubricant - or air blasting using a suitable abrasive or aluminium wool on non clad
aluminium alloys.

Chemical cleaning. Wear protective clothing & work in a well ventilated area. If splashed wash
affected part immediately and seek medical advice.
Ferrous metals. Use a rust remover - usually phosphoric acid based, clean thoroughly after use
and dry off.

Aluminium alloys. For light corrosion use a solvent. On clad al alloys use thickened phosphoric
acid and clean with water and dry off. On non clad alloys use aluminium wool.
Magnesium alloys. Use 10% chromic acid and 0.1% sulphuric acid in distilled water. After 5
minutes wash with clean water and dry off.

Classify damage by area and depth and compare to SRM. Negligible re-protect iaw SRM.
Damage repairable by patching. Damage repairable by insertion. Damage repairable by
replacement. Carry out appropriate repair/replacement using SRM and repair team if structure
not classified as tertiary. Retreat repaired/replaced material.

Check on reasons for corrosion damage and rectify if possible - iaw AMM.

Reassemble any components removed and test appropriate system. If flying controls
disturbed carry out a Duplicate Inspection.

Record all work carried out on company documentation and sign. Clear CRS.
Licence By Post EASA ESSAY CAT B 7A/7B/2
ISSUE 2
MAINTENANCE PRACTICES MODULE 7A/7B ESSAY PAPER

QUESTION 2 CATEGORY B

Your Name . Student No.

Date

Your category is? B1(**) B2(*) B3(**) (delete as appropriate)

_____________________________________________________________________________

You suspect a structural surface crack. Describe the procedure you would
carry out to clear the aircraft for flight.

_____________________________________________________________________________
Q7A/7B/2

TUTORS ANSWER

HEAD-WORDS CLEAN
NDT
CLASSIFY
ASCERTAIN REASON
REPAIR
SRM
RE-PROTECT
RECTIFY REASON
RECORD DETAILS

Clean the area thoroughly, degrease and remove paint to give clear view of crack. If crack not
clear and is still suspect then carry out NDT inspection. Remove any components to give
access. Use a good light and a magnifying glass to carry out a visual check. If not sure carry
out a dye-penetrant crack detection test following the instructions on the box.

Other tests that may be used include Flourescent dyes and a uv lamp, Magnetic particle testing
(surface and slightly sub-surface cracks), Ultra-sonic testing (surface and sub-surface cracks),
Eddy current testing (surface and sub-surface cracks electrically conducting metals), and X-
rays (surface and sub-surface cracks). All these will need a specialist team to apply the test
and bring the results back to the licensed engineer.

Once the extent of the crack is known the SRM is consulted and the crack is classified as
Negligible stop drill ends iaw SRM. Damage repairable by patching. Damage repairable by
insertion. Damage repairable by replacement. Carry out appropriate repair/replacement using
SRM and repair team if structure not classified as tertiary. Reprotect repaired/replaced
material.

Check if there might be a reason for the cracking if found contact the manufacturer.

Refit any components removed and test appropriate system iaw the AMM. If flying
controls disturbed carry out a Duplicate Inspection.

Record all work done on the companies aircraft records and sign.
Licence By Post EASA ESSAY ALL 7A/7B/3
ISSUE 3
MAINTENANCE PRACTICES MODULE 7A/7B ESSAY PAPER

QUESTION 3 CATEGORY A and B

Your Name . Student No.

Date

Your category is? A(*) B1(**) B2(**) B3(**) (delete as appropriate)

_____________________________________________________________________________

You are required to change a PCB (printed circuit board) on an item of

equipment on the aircraft. Describe how you would do this.

_____________________________________________________________________________
Q 7A/7B/3

TUTORS ANSWER

HEAD-WORDS POWER
AMM
EQUIPMENT
CARE
TRANSPORT
TEST
RECORD DETAILS

Check AMM for removal procedures and power-down procedures

Equipment required will include: Conductive bags, Wrist straps with grounding lead and ESDS
labels.
Connect wrist strap to a convenient ground on the component containing the PCB and to the
wrist of the person removing the PCB.
Gain access to PCB.
Inspect inside the unit checking for any damage, moisture ingress and for clearance between
PCB to be removed and other equipment.
Disconnect PCB free-end connectors and label if necessary.
Remove pcb using extractors provided.
Do not touch conducting parts of PCB.
Put into conductive bag and identify with an ESD label and ident label. .
Check new pcb documents (JAR form 1 etc) with IPC/AMM . Record ident code, serial number,
manufacturer (approved) etc for inclusion into aircraft documents.
Check power is off and AMM for procedure.
Connect wrist strap to ground on unit where the PCB is to be installed and to wrist of person
installing PCB.
Gain access to LRU that PCB is to be installed into.
Remove new PCB from conductive bag. Do not touch any conducting parts.
Inspect the PCB for damage and verify that it is the correct part number.
Install PCB into position using extractors provided. Lock extractors. Make sure that PCB slides
easily into position and check that there is clearance between PCB and adjacent components.
Remove extractors and fit any free-end connectors.
Close and secure unit and disconnect wrist strap.
Reinstate power and carry out a functional check/BIT check in accordance with the AMM.
Record all work done in the logbook and sign.
Licence By Post EASA ESSAY CAT B 7A/7B/4
ISSUE 2
MAINTENANCE PRACTICES MODULE 7A/7B ESSAY PAPER

QUESTION 4 CATEGORY B

Your Name . Student No.

Date

Your category is? B1(**) B2(**) (B3**) (delete as appropriate)

_____________________________________________________________________________

The pilot reports that the overheat warning came on on the IDG. Describe how
you would rectify the fault.

_____________________________________________________________________________
Q 7A/7B/4

TUTORS ANSWER

HEAD-WORDS AMM
VISUAL
OIL LEAK/FAULT
RECTIFY
TEST
BIT
IPC
TRANSDUCER
CHANGE
TEST
RECORD & SIGN

Check for signs of overheating. If they exist then check AMM and interrogate on-board
maintenance computer for data relating to fault. Depending on severity and AMM/fault
computer change unit iaw AMM, carry out BIT and engine run and carry out test. Check
voltage output and place unit under load allow to warm-up to normal temperature. Examine
unit after test for leaks and any signs of overheating.. Record all work done; engine run and
output readings and signed documents.

If fault not shown up on computer as actual overheat and oil levels are correct then carry out
BIT check on transducer system. Change transducer and test system.

Record all work done in the Tech Log and sign documents.
Licence By Post EASA ESSAY CAT B 7A/7B/5
ISSUE 2
MAINTENANCE PRACTICES MODULE 7A/7B ESSAY PAPER

QUESTION 5 CATEGORY B

Your Name . Student No.

Date

Your category is? B1(**) B2(**) B3(**) (delete as appropriate)

_____________________________________________________________________________

During a test the stick shaker failed to work. Describe what actions you would
take to return the aircraft to service.

_____________________________________________________________________________
Q 7A/7B/5

TUTORS ANSWER

HEAD-WORDS AMM
VISUAL
PITOT/STATIC SYSTEM
RECTIFY
BIT
TEST
IPC
TRANSDUCER
CHANGE
TEST
RECORD & SIGN

Assuming the test was carried out correctly (correct Pitot/static pressures etc) then either the
stick shaker is faulty or the transducer, or the computer (if computer controlled), or the system
concerned with A of A.
Check the AMM and carry out any BIT specified. Check power supply to stick shaker change
shaker if faulty. Fault rectify power supply if faulty. Change any defective component and re-
test system. Carry out self test of computer if fitted and change iaw AMM if found faulty.
Systems connected with A of A can include: L/E airflow detector and the stick shaker. Each
should be checked and replaced if necessary.
Record all work done in the Tech Log and sign and carry out duplicate inspection.
Licence By Post EASA ESSAY ALL 7A/7B/6
ISSUE 2
MAINTENANCE PRACTICES MODULE 7A/7B ESSAY PAPER

QUESTION 6 CATEGORY A and B

Your Name . Student No.

Date

Your category is? A (**) B1(**) B2(**) B3(**) (delete as appropriate)

_____________________________________________________________________________

The pilot reports that he suspects that there has been HIRF penetration into
the flight-deck area. Describe what actions you would take to return the
aircraft to service.

_____________________________________________________________________________
Q 7A/7B/6

TUTORS ANSWER

HEAD-WORDS AMM
INSPECTIONS
SPECIAL CHECKS

All wiring, plugs, sockets, and screening on the aircraft and equipment should be inspected as
laid down in the maintenance schedule and the AMM. These are normally visual and BIT
checks and check on computer data for any recorded interference but will require bonding
testing where necessary and the use of specialist test equipment as specified in the AMM.
Visual inspection - check for damage, deterioration, contamination, signs of burning, security,
open circuits, correct assembly, correct torque of plugs/sockets, locking, chafing, corrosion,
broken strands, broken screening, etc. All wires, shields, ground leads, screen jumpers are to
be intact.
All metalised airframe (and other parts) screening to be secure, undamaged and complete. Any
defects found should be repaired or the part replaced, and the system re-tested.
Some inspections will involve the use of specialist test equipment iaw the AMM .
When testing a HIRF sensitive system other systems may produce radiated signals which can
be picked up as noise. It is important that the AMM is consulted reference the precautions to
take prior to testing any system so that other systems and/or aircraft are not affected.
The actual test will depend on the system to be tested but it will be in accordance with AMM
and will normally involve a functional test. It may require that other electric/electronic systems
are working at the same time to check for any cross-interference. It may require the use of a
special test programme in include simulated interference signals (noise).
Ground testing of some equipment on the ground requires safety precautions to be carried out
to prevent injury to personnel. This includes safety distances for radar antennae and radio
aerials for example.
Test equipment must be electromagnetic compatible to the aircraft systems to ensure no
problems are caused to the system under test or other systems.
Carry out a compass swing.
Any systems that fail a test should be rectified iaw the AMM and re-tested.
All work should be recorded in the Tech Log and signed for and any duplicate checks carried
out as required.
Licence By Post EASA ESSAY ALL 7A/7B/7
ISSUE 2
MAINTENANCE PRACTICES MODULE 7A/7B ESSAY PAPER

QUESTION 7 CATEGORY A and B

Your Name . Student No.

Date

Your category is? A (**) B1(**) B2(**) (B3(**) (delete as appropriate)

_____________________________________________________________________________

You are required to move an aircraft to the other side of the airfield. Describe
the checks and precautions to be considered.

_____________________________________________________________________________
Q 7A/7B/7

TUTORS ANSWER

HEAD-WORDS AMM
CREW
TUG DRIVER
WHEELS, TYRES, BRAKES
LANDING GEAR
EQUIPMENT TOWING FORWARD OR BACKWARD
ATC
LIGHTS
SPEED
PARKING/SECURING

Check the AMM. Check C of G is within limits and any wind speeds (check ATC) are within
limits consistent with conditions (wet conditions, ice on ground etc). Check maximum angles of
towing arm to fuselage centre-line in the AMM and painted on the nose gear.
Ensure aircraft serviceable to tow eg:
(a) Landing gear ground locks fitted.
(b) Three Greens on the flight deck landing gear indicator .
(c) The brake system is serviceable and pressurised.
(d) The aircraft is structurally intact.
(e) The tyres and shock absorbers are correctly inflated.
Ensure correct number of personnel and the person on the aircraft brakes is competent to use
them (many operators insist on the person having passed a test first before he/she is issued
with a brakes ticket).
Ensure power steering is off or disconnected.
The tug driver should be qualified and take his/her orders from the person in charge.
The person in charge should be able to communicate with all the others involved in the towing
operation.
Look-outs should be positioned at the extremities of the aircraft wing tips and tailplane.
Turn corners with as large a radius as possible and do not exceed the minimum turning radius
as stated in the AMM.
Maximum towing speed is walking speed unless local regulations permit otherwise.
Ensure navigation (anti-collision) lights are on.
Get permission from Air Traffic Control (ATC) before towing in the ATC zone.
Tow only on firm level ground.
When finishing the tow ensure that the wheels have revolved at least one revolution (some
manuals give an actual distance) in a straight line to relieve tyre and landing gear side
stresses.
Disconnect towing gear, re-instate nose wheel steering and chock wheels. Secure aircraft if it is
to be left.
Inform ATC that tow is finished and request permission to proceed back with equipment across
the airfield.

.
Licence By Post EASA ESSAY ALL 7A/7B/8
ISSUE 2
MAINTENANCE PRACTICES MODULE 7A/7B ESSAY PAPER

QUESTION 8 CATEGORY A and B

Your Name . Student No.

Date

Your category is? A (**) B1(***) B2(**) B3(**) (delete as appropriate)

_____________________________________________________________________________

An aircraft is found to have skin panting on the underside of the fuselage.

State any possible causes for this and any inspections/repairs you might carry
out.

_____________________________________________________________________________
Q 7A/7B/8

TUTORS ANSWER

HEAD-WORDS FLIGHT THROUGH TURBULANT AIR

HEAVY LANDING
AMM
FULL RIGGING CHECK
HOGGING
MANUFACTURER
SKIN REPLACEMENT/SPECIALIST TEAM
RIGGING CHECK
RECORD & SIGN
RESTORE AIRCRAFT
TEST SYSTEMS
RECORD & SIGN

Causes could include turbulent air or heavy landing and symptoms could be sign of Hogging
Check AMM and carry out rigging check. If any measurements found outside limits contact
manufacturer for their recommendations. Check skin panting limits against SRM and if within
limits inspect inside skin area for frame/stringer distortion, loose or sheared rivets, loose joints
etc and check these against SRM. Carry out repairs as necessary. This might require complete
panel replacement using specialist repair team.
After repair restore aircraft and systems previously disturbed and test.
Record all work done in the Tech Log and sign documents.
Licence By Post EASA ESSAY ALL 7A/7B/9
ISSUE 2
MAINTENANCE PRACTICES MODULE 7A/7B ESSAY PAPER

QUESTION 9 CATEGORY A and B

Your Name . Student No.

Date

Your category is? A(**) B1(**) B2(**) B3(**) (delete as appropriate)

_____________________________________________________________________________

The ambient air temperature is +2C and light snow has fallen. It is 4pm and
the aircraft has been parked outside and is due to fly in the next 2 hours. State
your actions to ensure a safe departure.

_____________________________________________________________________________
Q 7A/7B/9

TUTORS ANSWER

HEAD-WORDS AMM
BRUSH
BONDING
ANTI-ICE
RECORD
RETREAT IF NECESSARY

Sweep snow off aircraft using a soft bristle brush, electrically bonded to aircraft structure and
ensuring snow does not enter ducts, intakes, Pitot/static vents, flying control shrouds,
exhausts etc. Be careful of aerials and small items hidden by the snow. Clear snow
symmetrically to ensure aircraft does not over-balance. Snow may be removed using a blower.
Check AMM and apply anti-icing fluid as stated for the conditions using the right dilution rates
and distribution rates. Ensure that fluid is sprayed evenly over all surfaces and that it does not
collect in ducts, intakes, Pitot/static vents, flying control shrouds and exhausts.
Record details in the Tech Log of fluid used in Tech Log (dilution rates etc) and time and date
applied.
Retreat aircraft if specified hold-over time is exceeded or if weather changes significantly for the
worse.
Licence By Post EASA ESSAY ALL 7A/7B/10
ISSUE 1

MAINTENANCE PRACTICES MODULE 7A/7B ESSAY PAPER

QUESTION 10 CATEGORY A and B

Your Name . Student No.

Date

Your category is? A(***) B1(***) B2(***) B3(***) (delete as appropriate)

_____________________________________________________________________________

Describe the process of tool control within a hangar environment.

_____________________________________________________________________________
Q 7A/7B/10

TUTORS ANSWER

HEAD-WORDS TOOL IDENT

TOOL CHECK
TOOL STORE
SHADOW BOARD
INVENTRY

Each engineer should have all his/her tools marked with a personal ident number and a list of
engineers with their individual identifiers kept with the chief engineer. At the end of the
working day all engineers check their tool boxes for completeness.
At the end of a major servicing the aircraft should have a tool check (loose article check) and all
engineers should check their tool boxes for completeness. When-ever new tools are purchased
they should be marked with the engineers ident number.
Specialist tools should be kept in the locked tool store and could be kept on shadow boards
for easy identification. When booked out the engineer signs for the tool which is booked back in
by the store-man/woman. In some cases individual tags may be used.
Licence By Post EASA ESSAY ALL 7A/7B/11
ISSUE 1
MAINTENANCE PRACTICES MODULE 7A/7B ESSAY PAPER

QUESTION 11 CATEGORY A & B

Your Name . Student No.

Date

Your category is A(**) B1(**) B2(**) B3(**)

_____________________________________________________________________________

Describe the process of carrying out a wheel change on an aircraft parked

outside.

_____________________________________________________________________________
Q 7A/7B/11

TUTORS ANSWER

HEAD-WORDS FIRM GROUND

AMM
WINDSPEED
TOOLS
TRANSPORTER
TECH LOG

Ensure aircraft parked on firm level ground (concrete hard standing). Consult AMM on
maximum wind-speed and check with ATC. Obtain spare wheel check it has a serviceable tag
fitted and it is the correct wheel and comes with correct documentation. Check it has correct
pressure and give a visual inspection.
Check AMM on wheel change procedure. Configure aircraft for jacking .Jack aircraft as per
AMM using bottle jack or full set or using a single jack carrying out an arc lift.
Lock brakes ON and reduce tyre pressure. Remove locking device/s and undo wheel retaining
nut/s. For large aircraft a wheel removal trolley will be required position this is necessary.
Remove wheel from aircraft - carefully. Inspect area/brakes/transducers/pipe lines/etc that
can be seen for burning, damage, security and locking. Rectify any defective items found.
Fit new wheel assembly by sliding on sideways. When slid fully home with all brake segments
engaged fit retaining nut/s and torque to correct value (a clearance might be specified between
wheel and bolt flange). Fit locking device/s. Remove transport trolley, unlock brakes and
ensure wheel rotates freely. Check any transducers such as flight deck temperature and
pressure indicators work. Inflate tyre to correct pressure. Lower aircraft off jacks and return
old wheel to wheel bay for maintenance. Complete their documentation (aircraft ON new one
and aircraft OFF old one. Complete details of work done in Tech Log complete with wheel on
and off serial numbers.
Licence By Post EASA ESSAY ALL 7A/7B/12
ISSUE 1
MAINTENANCE PRACTICES MODULE 7A ESSAY PAPER

QUESTION 12 CATEGORY A & B1

Your Name . Student No.

Date

Your category is A(**) B1(**) B2 (**) B3(**)

_____________________________________________________________________________

An aircraft has just landed and requires to be refuelled. Describe the process.

_____________________________________________________________________________
Q 7A/7B/12

TUTORS ANSWER

HEAD-WORDS AMM
FIRE EXTINGUISHER
FUEL TANKER
FUEL POINT
IDENT
BONDING
BALANCE
GAUGES

Check fuel to be used (refuelling point and/or AMM). Ensure fuel from bowser/tanker or
refuelling point is the correct grade.
Note reading on the bowser/refuelling point gauge and check up-lift requirement of aircraft.
Note AMM and set aircraft system to allow for correct up-lift and ensure power is on if required.
Ensure appropriate fire fighting equipment available and bond aircraft A/C to bowser, bowser
to ground, A/C to ground (tyres), hose to aircraft.
Remove dust caps and connect hose/hoses and set system to refuel. Monitor the refuelling and
ensure that no over-balance of the aircraft occurs.
Stop refuelling when total up-lift gets to required amount. Disconnect. Fit dust caps. Remove
any bonding put in place. Record total up-lift and sign for at the bowser end. Record details in
the Tech Log and check aircraft gauges to see if they record correctly.
Licence By Post EASA ESSAY ALL 9A/9B/1
ISSUE 2
HUMAN FACTORS MODULE 9A/9B ESSAY PAPER

QUESTION 1 CATEGORY A and B

Your Name . Student No.

Date

Your category is? A(**) B1(**) B2(**) B3(**) (delete as appropriate)

_____________________________________________________________________________

You are in charge of a team that is part way through a major task on an
aircraft. Describe how you would complete a shift change-over to the new
in-coming shift.

_____________________________________________________________________________
Q 9A/9B/1

TUTORS ANSWER

HEAD-WORDS RECORDS
PARTS
STATUS/SHIFT/SPARES LOG

All work being carried out should be completed and recorded in stages and each stage recorded
in the aircraft documents and signed for.
A parts/spares provision list should be kept in a hard-back ruled book with all the parts
required listed. Each part listing should show: name, reference number, part number, IPC
reference (if any), manufacturer, when ordered, when expected to arrive and if it has arrived.
The on-going shift manager should have a discussion with the off-going shift manager (you) to
go through all the points and the progress of all the work in-hand and the shift log should be
signed by both and timed and dated.
The shift log should be kept up-to-date whilst you are on shift as well as all completed stages
should be recorded and signed for.
Licence By Post EASA ESSAY ALL 9A/9B/2
ISSUE 2
HUMAN FACTORS MODULE 9A/9B ESSAY PAPER

QUESTION 2 CATEGORY A and B

Your Name . Student No.

Date

Your category is? A(**) B1(**) B2(**) B3(**) (delete as appropriate)

_____________________________________________________________________________

In terms of Human Factors describe the human needs in the workplace and
compare these to the needs of a machine.

_____________________________________________________________________________
Q 9A/9B/2

TUTORS ANSWER

HEAD-WORDS AIR
WATER
FUEL
TEMPERATURE
HUMIDITY
LIGHT
MAINTENANCE
BREAKS
PHYSICOLOGY

The human needs air to live and most machines need it for cooling. For humans it needs to be
clean and at a reasonably temperature. The human needs some liquid on a reasonably regular
basis to function properly whereas a machine may need it for cooling. All machines will need
fuel petrol electricity fuel oil etc. The human will need fuel in the form of food
carbohydrates proteins vitamins (and probably medication). Machines can work within a
wide temperature range, humans have a much narrower temperature range. Humidity
normally does not affect machines but it does affect humans. Too high a relative humidity
makes working conditions uncomfortable. Most machines do not need light to work, humans
need good light to function properly. Machines need regular maintenance as do humans (wash
& brush-up, medical checks etc). Machines do not need a break, humans do tea break,
lunch, sleep requirements, week-ends, holidays etc. A human needs to be happy at work to
perform at his/her best, a machine does not.
Licence By Post EASA ESSAY ALL 9A/9B/3
ISSUE 2
HUMAN FACTORS MODULE 9A/9B ESSAY PAPER

QUESTION 3 CATEGORY A and B

Your Name . Student No.

Date Tutor Tony Wooldridge

Your category is? A(**) B1(**) B2(**) B3(**) (delete as appropriate)

_____________________________________________________________________________

Describe stress in relation to Human Factors and how does it affect the
engineer in the workplace?

_____________________________________________________________________________
Q 9A/9B/3

TUTORS ANSWER

Could write s book on this.

HEAD-WORDS should include:

EFFECTS; POOR PERFORMANCE, LAPSES IN CONCENTRATION

POOR HEALTH, POOR ATTENDANCE, MISTAKES, MORALE OF TEAM
CAUSES: POOR SLEEP, POOR DIET, WORRIES, MEDICAL PROBLEMS, MENTAL
PROBLEMS, DOMESTIC PROBLEMS, MONEY WORRIES.
Licence By Post EASA ESSAY ALL 9A/9B/4
ISSUE 2
HUMAN FACTORS MODULE 9A/9B ESSAY PAPER

QUESTION 4 CATEGORY A and B

Your Name . Student No.

Date

Your category is? A(**) B1(**) B2(**) B3(**) (delete as appropriate)

_____________________________________________________________________________

A parked aircraft has suffered structural damage due to being struck by a

refuelling tanker. No one was hurt. Describe the subsequent management
procedures and relevant documentation relating to the incident.

_____________________________________________________________________________
Q 9A/9B/4

TUTORS ANSWER

HEAD WORDS

REPORT 1 to include exact location, time, date, vehicle involved, aircraft involved,
driver details, any witnesses, weather conditions. Was aircraft correctly parked in the
right position? Was the tanker in its correct traffic lane?
REPORT 2 made out by tanker driver and any witnesses.
DAMAGE to vehicle and repair costs.
DAMAGE to aircraft and how it can be repaired stating SRM repair schemes etc.
REMEDIAL ACTION. Report should include any recommendations as to the reasons for
the accident and any remedial actions to prevent a re-occurrence.
Licence By Post EASA ESSAY ALL 10/1

ISSUE 3
AVIATION LEGISLATION MODULE 10 ESSAY PAPER

QUESTION 1 CATEGORY A and B

Your name ............................................... Student number ......................

Date ........................

Your category is? A(**) B1(**) B2(**) B3(**) (delete as appropriate)

(You should be able to write sufficient detail to complete about a full page
answer for each question on Air Law.)
_____________________________________________________________________________

Give details of a part 145 approved organisations audit. You may use a
company example to illustrate your answer.

_____________________________________________________________________________
Q 10/1

TUTORS ANSWER

HEAD WORDS: TIME PERIODS

QUALITY CONTROL
FEEDBACK
EXPOSITION
INDEPENDANT

An audit is required by the CAA to be carried out on a regular basis to monitor the
performance of a 145 approved company. The organisation will have internal audit details
written in as part of its exposition which must be cleared by the CAA as part of the approval
procedure.

A Quality Control Department must be set up by the company with an accountable manager
and details listed in the company exposition. It is responsible for quality control in the
company and it has to carry out an independent company audit.

The audit will cover all aspects of the companys work to include: actual tasks carried out on
aircraft, stores procedures, documentation recording and storage, tool control,
management structure, workforce qualifications, equipment, hangarage, work areas etc.

Human Factors related areas to be looked at include: shift working patterns; working
hours; environmental condition of working areas; rest facilities; first-aid facilities;
safety equipment and procedures.

The company exposition will give details of the audit and the procedures to be
implemented. Should the audit reveal any short-comings with company procedures,
paper work, management structure etc. then an information feedback procedure must
be implemented to inform all those involved including the accountable manager and
steps must be taken to rectify the problem.

Audits are normally carried out annually either one audit every year to include all
aspects of the work carried out or several audits to parts of the companies activities to
cover all areas over the 12 month period to be carried out to an approved
schedule.

Line stations and locations where aircraft activity is limited may have an independent
audit every 24 months this will be in the exposition.

The CAA may increase audit time periods to a maximum of 24 months.

Companies with 10 (or less) maintenance engineers engaged on maintenance may have their
sub-contracted audits every 6 months.

Small companies can contract out the audit to an approved company/person.

The audit/quality review must be in compliance with EU OPS/OPS1/JAR OPS 3

and Part M and any other standards specified by EASA.
Licence By Post EASA ESSAY ALL 10/2

ISSUE 3
AVIATION LEGISLATION MODULE 10 ESSAY PAPER

QUESTION 2 CATEGORY A and B

Your name ............................................... Student number ......................

Date ........................

Your category is? A (**) B1(**) B2(**) B3(**) (delete as appropriate)

_____________________________________________________________________________

State the reason, and the requirements for, a Mandatory Occurrence Reporting
Scheme (MOR).

_____________________________________________________________________________
Q 10/2

TUTORS ANSWER

HEAD WORDS: CAA

AAIB
BLAME
SAFE
APPLICABLE TO
TIME SCALE

The reason for an MORS is to improve air safety by ensuring that all information (relating to
accident with aircraft is reported to the CAA.

It is designed to help in the safe operation of aircraft without the attribution of blame.

The scheme requires that an operator notifies the CAA of all hazards and all accidents with
aircraft.

An assessment is made of the safety implications of each hazard/occurrence so that the

necessary action can be initiated.

The scheme is applicable to public transport aircraft registered in the UK, aircraft operating
under a UK Air Operators Certificate (AOC) and turbine engined aircraft which have a C of A
issued by the CAA.

The scheme is mandatory for these aircraft but the CAA are happy to accept reports related to
any aircraft type.

The report must contain all the information related to the event and must be sent in within 72
hours of the occurrence. The CAA will not disclose the name of the reporter, or the
person/persons to whom the report relates.

The investigation of serious accidents (substantial damage to aircraft/injury to persons during

a flight) are the responsibility of the Air Accident Investigation Branch (AAIB). AAIB reports
normally require a response from the CAA, which are published as Follow-Up Action on
Occurrence Reports, published with the Occurrence Reports.

The purpose of the subsequent investigation is to determine the cause and circumstances with
a view to avoiding the accident in the future. The findings result in recommendations made to
the CAA.
Licence By Post EASA ESSAY ALL 10/3

ISSUE 3
AVIATION LEGISLATION MODULE 10 ESSAY PAPER

QUESTION 3 CATEGORY A and B

Your name ............................................... Student number ......................

Date ........................

Your category is? A(**) B1(**) B2(**) B3(**) (delete as appropriate)

_____________________________________________________________________________

State the requirements for an EASA part M approval.

_____________________________________________________________________________
Q 10/3

TUTORS ANSWER

Submission will have to be sent to the CAA with the appropriate fee. This will have to name:

1. A nominated accountable manager

2. A manager for the hanger or workshops

It will have to show the facilities include:

1. Correct workshops/hangarage.
2. Adequate tooling.
3. Spares provision.
4. Provision for record keeping for aircraft documents and personnel documents and
secure storage for records.
5. Correct storage procedure for spares bonded stores etc.
6. Correct tool control.
7. Correct equipment re Health & Safety fire extinguishers first aid facilities rest
rooms clean environment etc.
8. Aircraft/equipment properly maintained.
9. CRS only cleared by properly qualified personnel (EASA part 66 licence).
10. Persons must have minimum correct experience and must be trained on the
aircraft/equipment worked on.
11. Adequate training of NDT personnel.