Why not include social policy?

Social policy tends to be connected to the concept of a welfare state

a social system based on the assumption by a political state of primary responsibility for the
md1vidual and social welfare of its citizen

Social policy tends to be a reflection of political ideology or constitutional

rights

Social policies can be related to:

Health care
Education
Senior Secunty
Employment Security Social policy reflects political ideology
Environmental Policy (Canada)
Two key pieces that are relevant to most organizations:

Canadian Environmental Protection Act (CEPA)

Canadian Environmental Assessment Act (CEAA)

Examples of others:
Fisheries Act
Biodiversity and Conservation (eg. SARA)
Environmental vs Economic Policies

Environmental Policies tend to be restriction based

Economic Policies tend to be incentive based

Economics: A quick overview
Productivity & Specialization
ability to maximize benefit with available
resources
trade-off based on decision to move economy in
one direction over another
specialization can allow economy to focus in one
area to maximize benefit from available resources
spin-off jobs associated with a robust economic
sector
Economics: A quick overview
Supply & Demand
If demand increases and supply does not, then price goes up
If supply increases and demand does not, then price goes down
Equilibriu m is at the intersection of the curve
"Movement" (along the curve) and "Shifts" (change in
equilibrium) ,,...

Elasticity
elastic product/service
Small changes in pnce leads to a significant change in demand
inelastic product/service
significant changes in price leads to a small change in demand
Environmental Policy (Ontario)
Environmental Protection Act (EPA)
Environmental Approvals
Air Emissions
Waste Management
Spills and Contaminated Sites Clean-up
Enforcement
Ont a rio Wate r Reso urces Act
Safe Drinking Wat er Act
Clean Wate r Act
Toxics Reduction Act
Environment al Assessment Act
Natural Resources Legislation
Fish and Wild life Legislation
Ecological Services (aren't we missing something)
Regulates temperature
Supphes clean air
Supplier clean water
Breaks down waste
Provides shelter
Provides food
Provides resources
Economics: A quick overview
Marketing, Utility and Competition

~~----
Good Marketing? Concept that an Perfect Competition
Good Product? individual's goal is to Many alternatives
maximize utility S&D equilibrium
Want or need? Consumer leverage
Perceived usefulness
Reasonable threshold to entry
Environmental Approach: Industrial Ecology
The goal of industrial ecology is to make one industry's waste
another's raw material

link industrial design & processes to the surrounding environment

link economic system to the environment, e.g., optimize use of
resources, energy & capital
redesign industrial systems to mimic ecological systems
Cradle-to-Cradle

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Recycling: Down-cycling vs Up-cycling

Natural mater1.al u'ed for Maten~l/process has

industnal proce.. and is soc1et11I, environmental,
transformed and economic benefit

Transformed material is Transformed material is

recyded for a less use recycled for a more use
(economically and (economically ~nd
technically) technically)

Natural material used for

Materoal can no longer be ondutnal process and as
recycled d"posal transfor~d
Ecological Services (aren't we missing something)
Regulates temperature
Supphes clean a ir
Supplier clean water
Breaks down waste
Provides shelter
Provides food
Provides resources

Sustains all life on earth.. .in balance

For the economists in the room

...at a value of s33 trillion/year
(or-s4500/inhabttant)