DEFINIO DE POPULISMO

[] populist philosophy is a loose set of ideas that share three core features: anti-
establishment, authoritarianism, and nativism. (INGLEHART; NORRIS, 2016, p. 6,
grifo nosso).
Anti-establishment
Firstly, populism is understood as a philosophy that emphasizes faith in the wisdom and
virtue of ordinary people (the silent majority) over the corrupt establishment. Populism
reflects deep cynicism and resentment of existing authorities, whether big business, big
banks, multinational corporations, media pundits, elected politicians and government
officials, intellectual elites and scientific experts, and the arrogant and privileged rich.
Ordinary people are regarded as homogeneous and inherently good or decent, in
counterpart to dishonest elites (Crooked Hillary/Lyin Ted).
Autoritarism
Secondly, populists also characteristically display authoritarian leanings, favoring the
personal power exerted by strong and charismatic leadership which is thought to reflect
the will of the people. Populists also favor direct forms of majoritarian democracy for the
expression of the voice of the people, through opinion polls, referenda and plebiscites,
rather than the institutional checks and balances and the protection of minority rights built
into processes of representative democracy.
Nativism
Finally, by ordinary people, populist discourse typically emphasizes nativism or
xenophobic nationalism, which assumes that the people are a uniform whole, and that
states should exclude people from other countries and cultures. Populism favors mono-
culturalism over multiculturalism, national self-interest over international cooperation
and development aid, closed borders over the free flow of peoples, ideas, labor and
capital, and traditionalism over progressive and liberal social values. Hence Trumps
rhetoric seeks to stir up a potent mix of racial resentment, intolerance of multiculturalism,
nationalistic isolationism, nostalgia for past glories, mistrust of outsiders, traditional
misogyny and sexism, the appeal of forceful strong-man leadership, attack-dog politics,
and racial and anti-Muslim animus.

[] an anti-establishment orientation, a claim to speak for the people against the elites,
opposition to liberal economics and globalization, and often (but not always) a penchant
for authoritarian governance (RODRIK, 2017, p. 1-2).

Referncias
INGLEHART, R.; NORRIS, P. Trump, Brexit, and the Rise of Populism: Economic
Have-Nots and Cultural Backlash. SSRN Electronic Journal. [S.l.]: [s.n.], 2016.
Disponvel em: <https://www.ssrn.com/abstract=2818659>.
RODRIK, D. Populism and the Economics of Globalization. SSRN Electronic
Journal. [S.l.]: [s.n.], 2017. Disponvel em: <https://www.ssrn.com/abstract=2992819>.