Dr. Manoj M.

Sharma
Managing Director
Mayank Aquaculture Private Limited.
Surat (Gujarat State), India.
E-mail: mapl.shrimp@gmail.com
 P. Monodon-oriented scenario

Black tiger shrimp was the main stay of shrimp farming and it became
synonymous with the country name- Indian black tiger.

P. monodon remained top favorite among all shrimp farmers of the country for
more than 25 years and totally dominated in shrimp exports in all sizes and count.

Late nineties down fall started with on set of WSSV-white spot disease.

Last 15 years the production almost became stagnant due to repeated disease
outbreaks and seed genesis.

The shrimp production of the country revolved around 80 000 tons with the avg.
success rate not more than 50%.

To support the sector and save shrimp farming vannamei was inn 2009.

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 L. vannamei-oriented scenario
Lead attraction of this species is SPF/SPR/HI seed and high production capacity.

All the major departments such as ICAR, MPEDA, RGCA, CAA, NFDB and Dept.
of Animal Husbandry, Dairy and Fisheries etc. formulated stringent and
transparent rules and regulations for this highly promising species of shrimp.

Thus, the white leg shrimp offered immense impetus to the black tiger farmers in
the country to diversify and adopt it. The national production increased to four
folds within 4-5 years.

The ever-growing demand for the SPF white leg shrimp pushed the seed price
from 0.30 to 0.80 INR per seed. The surplus demand also led to the entry of
spurious white shrimp seed in the market.

In most places, harvesting was undertaken simultaneously leading to bulk

production in short periods. The lack of infrastructure capability in accommodating
and processing such massive quantities was soon evident.
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 L. vannamei-oriented scenario

This resulted into an unethical bargaining and the rates dropped to an all time low
as compared to the last year.

All the good planning, regulations, guidelines which were formulated to help
sustain shrimp farming industry went under the cloud. Shrimp farmers lost heavily.

The sad part is that in black tiger farmers lost money due to failure in production
and in white leg shrimp they lost because of over production.

Since the start of the vannamei era, all the ancillary sectors like hatcheries, feed
mills, aqua pharmaceuticals and chemical companies, processors and traders
have done phenomenally well.

Above all we are going to loose the major tag of black tiger shrimp producing
country on the World scenario.

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 GUJARAT SCENARIO 2014
Present utilization & production

Total B.W. potential area : 3 76 000 ha

B.W. area developed for shrimp farming : 5 000 ha

Present production of shrimp : 35 000 tons

White leg shrimp, L. vannamei : 31 000 tons (90%)

Black tiger shrimp, P. monodon : 04 000 tons (10%)

Present unit production of shrimp : 7 tons/ha/year

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 MAJOR CULTURE ISSUES

Less seed (PL) survival.

Slow growth- High FCR.

Abrupt bloom / water color / primary productivity.

Gill choke/ Brown gill/ Black gill.

Running mortality.

Body deformity (cramping, bamboo shrimp)

White gut/ White faeces.

WHITE SPOT DISEASE (50% failure)

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 SIMPLE STEPS TO SUCCESS

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 EVOLUTION- CULTURE PRACTICES
Traditional 80s
Seed Water ex

Mod-Extensive 90s
Seed + Feed Water ex

Semi-Intensive 2000
Seed + Feed Med. + Water ex

Intensive 2010
Seed + Feed + Min. Prob. + Minimum/0 W.E.
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 SIMPLE STEPS TO SUCCESS
Pond construction- Site selection, layout and design.
Water preparation.
Good Seed and Seeding.
Water quality management.
Good Feed and Feeding management.
Health Management and strong Biosecurity
Harvesting and marketing.

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A well developed site at Olpad from Surat (Gujarat)

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Most successful co-operative shrimp farm at Dandi
from Surat (Gujarat)

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 A well constructed shrimp farm from Surat
(Proper ratio of settlement and reservoir to culture ponds 5:20:75)

Reservoir

Culture ponds S

Reservoir

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 A well constructed shrimp farm of Surat, Gujarat

Sena creek
S

Culture ponds R

Village road

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 Proper size of culture ponds : 0.8 1.0 ha

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 Good water depth with average 1.8 meters

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 Proper slope & drain facilities

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 Proper drying of old culture ponds

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 Proper ploughing for effective
oxidation of pond bottom soil.

Compaction after proper ploughing

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 A well prepared shrimp pond ready to water intake

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 Good pumping capacity Minimum 10 hp/ha.

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 Four steps (20, 40, 60, 80) mesh filtration to fill the ponds

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 POND WATER PREPARATION
DAY-1: Fill water up to 1.2 mt average water depth
Leave for 2 days for settlement
DAY-4: Chlorination @ 10 ppm by using bleaching powder
Dechlorination for 4 days
DAY-8: Application of Pre-biotic media after fermentation
(Jaggery + Rice bran + Yeast)- DOSE-1
Leave for 1 day
DAY-9: Application of Water probiotics
Leave for 2 days
DAY-11: Application of Soil probiotics
Leave for 2 day
DAY-13: Application of Pre-biotic media after fermentation
(Jaggery + Rice bran + Yeast)- DOSE-2
Leave for 2 days , check &
correct water parameters
DAY-15: Stocking of good quality tested Post Larvae (PL 8-10)

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 PREBIOTIC PREPARATION

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 OPTIMUM WATER QUALITITY PARAMETERS

Dissolved Oxygen > 5 ppm (morning)

pH 7.5-8.5

Transparency 35-45 cm.

Alkalinity >100 ppm (Bi-carbonate)

Salinity 15-30

Temperature 28-31 oC

Water depth Avg. 1.8 meter

Ca : Mg ratio 1:3 (especially L. vannamei)

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 Natural pond productivity

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 Good quality post larvae
L. vannamei

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 Farm acclimatization of post larvae in shrimp farm of Surat

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 Sufficient required aeration in each culture pond
- @ 1 H.P./300 500 Kg of Biomass

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 IMPACT OF PROBIOTIC APPLICATION IN SHRIMP CULTURE POND

One month after application Two months after application

Three months after application Pre-harvest pond water colour

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 FEEDING MANAGEMENT - KEY FACTOR TO SUCCESS

Feeding management is the paramount factor in

success of shrimp farming- 65% of COP.

Wrong feeding is the mother of all problems in shrimp

ponds.

Dont feed vannamei the tiger way.

In high stocking ponds (>40 pcs/mt2) percentage of feeding v/s

quantity of feeding with frequency of feeding plays a vital
role.

Underfeeding is still manageable compare to overfeeding

problems and issues.

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 FEEDING MANAGEMENT - KEY FACTOR TO SUCCESS
Example: Feeding for 100 000 PL

Initial stocking : 100 000 PL

Survival : 80% during end of culture
No of shrimps : 80 000
Total feed during peak : 35 Kg (ABW: 15-20 gms).
Max. nos of feed pellet
consumed by single shrimp : 3-4
Total pellets required per feed : 320 000
Pellet per Kg of feed (grower/finisher) : 50 000 (@ 50 pellets/gm)
Feed per meal : Max. 6-7 Kg
Feeding frequency per day : should be 6 nos.

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 The future is auto feeder.
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 Check tray feeding very important.
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 BIOSECURITY - BIRD NETTING

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 CRAB AND
DOG FENCING

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 FOOT DIP AND
HAND WASH

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 Biosecurity for success
Avoid biometry at least up to 60 DOC to minimize the cross
contamination from pond to pond- we are practicing from last 5 years.

Take water sample in bottles separately and do the parameters

studies out side the ponds.

After sampling do not release the shrimp in to the ponds.

Partial harvesting should be avoided through dragging or cast netting

during disease out break in surrounding area.

Use auto feeder- to lower the risk of contamination through manual

feeding.

Pass on your success mantra to your neighbor farmers.

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 Fresh harvested shrimp of American white leg
shrimp, L. vannamei from MAPL shrimp pond

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 Fresh harvested white leg shrimp of 19/20
counts/Kg from MAPL shrimp pond

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 Fresh harvested white leg shrimp of 19/20
counts/Kg from MAPL shrimp pond

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 SAFA
-THE MOST SUCCESSFUL BMP MODEL IN INDIA

All Surat based aqua farmers united to form a group SAFA

Surat Aqua Farmers Association in year 2005.

Primary motive to carry out sustainable shrimp farming with

eco-friendly approach under BMP protocol.

Presently, more then 400 member farmers & still increasing.

One of the most practical and successful group/club/cluster

farming in India with more than 95% successful crops.

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 WORLD SHRIMP BASKET
China
16.00

Others Indon.
6.52 6.08

WSB
45.00
Equad. India
2.6 3.3

2012
2013
Thailand Vietnam
5.5 5.0

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 COMPARISION OF COP BETWEEN
7025 COUNTS/KG

Count COP/Kg (INR) FG Price GP/Kg ROI

(Pcs/Kg) Seed Feed Others Total (INR) (INR) (%)
70 56 82 62 200 240 40 20
60 49 90 71 210 250 40 19
50 42 98 90 230 270 40 17
40 35 107 108 250 320 70 28
30 27 115 118 260 450 190 73
25 22 123 135 280 500 220 79

Note: Return on investment should be at least 40% for shrimp farmers.

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 Bigger is better -Advantages

Single crop low risk and efforts compare to two crops.

Seed requirement is less- less disease risk.

Profit margin is very high compare to small size.

Better carrying capacity of the pond.

Big demand in niche market.

Techno economically more sustainable towards Food and

Security

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 ECUADOR -The Way Forward

The best way out.

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 Present status
- Ecuador v/s India
PARTICULARS ECUADOR INDIA

Farming area 213 000 ha 180 000 ha

Extensive 60-70% 30-40%

Semi-Intensive/Int. 30-40% 60-70%

Total production 300 000 MT 350 000 MT

Production per unit 1.4 MT/Ha 1.94 MT/Ha

Size at harvest Mostly small Mostly Big

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 ECUADOR - The Way Forward

SEED PRODUCTION SYSTEM:

Broodstock- Local and indigenous.

Hatchery- Well standardized operation.
Nursery- Biofloc, well managed and widely accepted.
Raceways- Intensive and well managed.

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 ECUADOR - The Way Forward

PRESENT FARMING SYSTEM:

Stocking density - Majority extensive, most sustainable model.

Size of pond Very big size pond, shallow, majority low-lying.
Feeding management Majority once a day.
Aeration- ??
Biosecurity- ??
Probiotics-??

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 ECUADOR - The way out

PRESENT RESCUE MEASURES :

For big size and extensive shrimp ponds :

Wet treatment and disinfection of pond bottom is must to remove
protozoan and bacterial infection.
Use of good quality probiotics to improve pond environment.
Improve feeding management is must.
Introduction of fin-fishes like mullet, milk fish and Tilapia will help to
minimize organic load and help to maintain pond bottom and water
quality.

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 ECUADOR - The way out

SUGGESTIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS:

Farm design and constructions - Small size- < 1 ha with proper drainage
system is highly recommended.
Feeding management Demand feeding with minimum 4-5 meals per day,
To minimize feed wastage or labor Auto-feeder is highly recommended.
Biosecurity Basic farm biosecurity is highly recommended like multi-
step water filtration for pond, Bird netting, crab and animal fencing.
Probiotics/ Minerals Shrimp health and pond management products
should be part of culture protocol.

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 CONCLUSION

The final word

Shrimp pond - Smaller is more sustainable!!
Shrimp size - Bigger is more profitable!!

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 Muchas Gracias!!
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