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Current Unbalance Unbalance current, also known as negative sequence current or I2, results in
(46) disproportionate rotor heating. If the thermal overload protections unbalance bias feature
has been enabled (by setting non-zero value for the Unbalance Bias K Factor under
Setpoints > Protection > Group 1(6) > Motor > Thermal Model, the thermal overload
protection protects the motor against unbalance by tripping when the motors thermal
capacity is exhausted. However, the current unbalance protection can detect this
condition and alarm and /or trip before the motor has heated substantially. For the
869 relay, unbalance is defined as the ratio of negative-sequence to positive-sequence
current,
Eq. 26
where Afactor is the adjustment factor used to prevent nuisance trip and/or alarm at light
loads.
If the motor is operating at an average current level (Iavg) equal to or greater than the
programmed full load current (FLA, as selected by the Setpoints > System > Motor > Setup),
the adjustment factor (Afactor) is one. However, if the motor is operating at an average
current level (Iavg) less than FLA then the adjustment factor (Afactor) is the ratio of average
current to full load current.
If this element is enabled, a trip and/or alarm occur(s) once the unbalance level equals or
exceeds the set pickup for the set period of time. If the unbalance level exceeds 40% (30%
when VFD Function is enabled and VFD is not bypassed), or when Iavg 25% FLA and
current in any one phase is less than the cutoff current, the motor is considered to be
single phasing and a trip occurs within 2 seconds. Single phasing protection is disabled if
the unbalance trip feature is Disabled.
Unusually high unbalance levels can be caused by incorrect phase CT wiring.
NOTE:
NOTE Path: Setpoints > Protection > Group 1(6) > Motor > Current Unbalance
TRIP FUNCTION
Range: Disabled, Trip, Configurable
Default: Disabled
This setting enables the Current Unbalance Trip functionality.
TRIP PICKUP
Range: 4.0 to 50.0% in steps of 0.1%
Default: 15%
The setting specifies a pickup threshold for the trip function. When setting the pickup
level, note that a 1% voltage unbalance typically translates into a 6% current
unbalance. To prevent nuisance trips or alarms, the pickup level must not be set too low.
Also, since short term unbalances are common, a reasonable delay must be set to avoid
nuisance trips or alarms. This setting must be greater than the corresponding setting for
the alarm stage.
TRIP CURVE
Range: Definite Time, Inverse Time
Default: Definite Time
Definite Time
When the curve is programmed as definite time, the trip element operates when the
operating quantity exceeds the pickup level for longer than the set time delay
(programmed as Trip Pickup Delay).
Inverse Time
The curve for the unbalance current is defined as:
T= TDM/[Unbal]2, where Unbal is defined by the preceding unbalance equation,
T= time in seconds when I2 > pickup (minimum and maximum times are defined by
setpoints),
TDM= time dial multiplier
TRIP PICKUP DELAY
Range: 0.00 to 180.00 s in steps of 0.01 s (when TRIP CURVE = Definite Time)
Default: 1.00 s
The setting specifies a time delay for the trip function. This setting is only applicable
when Trip Curve is programmed as Definite Time.
Small power system transients or switching device operation can generate spurious
NOTE:
negative sequence current that can result in the false operation of the Current Unbalance
NOTE element. In order to prevent false operation of the element, it is strongly recommended to
set Trip Pickup Delay and Alarm Pickup Delay settings greater than two power cycles.
TRIP TDM
Range: 0.00 to 180.00 in steps of 0.01 (when TRIP CURVE = Inverse Time)
Default: 10.00
The setting provides a selection for Time Dial Multiplier which modifies the operating
times per the inverse curve. This setting is only applicable when Trip Curve is
programmed as Inverse Time.
TRIP MAX TIME
Range: 0.00 to 1000.00 s in steps of 0.01 s
Default: 1.00 s
The Unbalance maximum time defines the maximum time that any value of negative
sequence current in excess of the pickup value will be allowed to persist before a trip is
issued. This setting can be applied to limit the maximum tripping time for low level
unbalances. This setting is only applicable when the Trip Curve is programmed as
Inverse Time.
TRIP MIN TIME
Range: 0.00 to 1000.00 s in steps of 0.01 s
Default: 0.25 s
Unbalance minimum time defines the minimum time setting that can be applied to limit
the minimum tripping time. Small power system transients or switching device operation
can generate spurious negative sequence current that can result in the false operation
of the Current Unbalance element. Unbalance minimum time must be set in order to
prevent false operation of the element. This setting is only applicable when Trip Curve is
programmed as Inverse Time.
LED: Alarm
SETPOINT
AND
ALARM FUNCTION:
OR
OR
ALARM DROPOUT DELAY:
AND
LATCH ALARM RUN
tPKP LATCH
tRST
Unbal = Alarm Pickup RESET R
SETPOINT Command
BLOCK:
Off=0 LED: TRIP
Operate Output
Relay 1(TRIP)
SETPOINT
AND
TRIP FUNCTION:
Disabled=0 SETPOINTS
FLEXLOGIC OPERANDS
AND
Trip TRIP CURVE:
OR
Configurable TRIP PICKUP: CUR UNBAL ALARM OP
TRIP Pickup Delay:
TRIP TDM: SETPOINT
TRIP MAX TIME:
Figure 4-49: Current Unbalance logic diagram
Output Relay X
Calculated Values TRIP MIN TIME:
TRIP RESET TIME: Do Not Operate, Operate
Positive seq. Current (I 1)
TRIP DROPOUT DELAY:
Negative seq. Current (I 2) RUN
I2 FLEXLOGIC OPERANDS
Three Phase Currents SETPOINT Unbal = Afactor 100% t
from CT bank MOTOR FULL LOAD AMPS (FLA) I1 CUR UNBAL TRIP OP
IA RMS if I avg FLA , A factor = 1
IB RMS 1
I avg = (IA RMS + IB RMS + IC RMS ) I avg
3 if I avg < FLA , A factor =
IC RMS FLA SETPOINT
I2/I1
OR
2s FLEXLOGIC OPERANDS
OR
AND
IA RMS < 0.02 x CT
SINGLE PHASING OP
IB RMS < 0.02 x CT
OR
IC RMS < 0.02 x CT 894093A4.cdr