Philippine History Cavite Mutiny of 1872
Final Exams Rafael de Izquierdo- replaced Gov. Gen. Carlos
1st Semester
The Rise of Filipino Nationalism
Spread of liberalism.
Political philosophers who thought of liberal
ideas:
Montesquieu
Rousseau
Voltaire
Locke
Jefferson
* The transformation of the Philippine economy
into a raw material market for Europe
unconsciously increased their contact with the
intellectual tradition of the West.
* When Spain opened the Philippine ports in
1834 to free trade, commercialization of the
Philippine agriculture and economic expansion
greatly benefited the principalia in the country.
Cultural changes.
* The educational reforms of 1863 dramatically
improved the standards of education in the
primary level.
* With the implementation of a new educational
system, qualified Filipinos were able to pursue
higher education.
* Chinese mestizo and native families were able
to take up law, medicine, and pharmacy.
* They were able able to see the repressive
colonial policies of Spain after being enlightened
with liberal ideas; thus, giving birth to a new
breed of Filipinos the ilustrados (enlightened
ones)
ilustra to enlighten
Secularization controversy.
The mandatory provision of the Council of
Trent affirmed that secular priests be appointed
to administer the parishes in the colony.
Maria de la Torre
- promptly discarded liberal measures
* As an expression of protest, on the night of
January 20, 1872, about 200 Filipino soldiers
and dock workers in Cavite mutinied and killed
their Spanish officers under the leadership of
Sergeant Lamadrid.
* The mutiny became an opportunity for the
Spanish officials to implicate the liberal critics of
the government. The governor general asserted
that a secret faction existed in Manila to
overthrow Spanish rule.
* Accused of alleged conspiracy in the rebellion
were Fathers Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos,
and Jacinto Zamora.
* They were sentenced to death by garrote on
Feb 17, 1872.
* Some were thrown into jail while the rest were
exiled to the Marianas Islands on March 14,
1872.
* Between 1872 and 1892, national
consciousness was growing among Filipinos who
had settled in Europe. The execution of GOM-
BUR-ZA eventually hastened the growth of
Filipino nationalism.
* The propagandists tried to infuse the term
Filipino with national meaning, which later
included the entire people in the archipelago.
Propaganda Movement.
* The emergence of more Filipino ilustrados gave
birth to a unified nationalist movement
Propaganda Movement.
Aim: peaceful assimilation referring to the
transition of the Philippines from being a colony
to a province of Spain.
Reforms:
Equality of the Filipinos and Spaniards
before laws
Restoration of the Philippines
representation in the Spanish Cortes
Secularization of the Philippines parishes
and the expulsion of the friars
Human rights for the Filipinos
Members:
Filipino exiles of 1872
Patriots who left the islands to escape
persecution
Those who had been to Spain for their
studies
Marcelo H. del Pilar- a lawyer and journalist
from Bulacan
- his priest brother, Toribio, was
implicated in Cavite mutiny and exiled
- sought to reach out to people using
pen
Diariong Tagalog- first bilingual newspaper
Dasalan and Tocsohan- a manual of anticlerical
commentary in the format of novena
* He left Philippines in October 1888 to escape
prosecution of the friars.
Graciano Lopez Jaena- Parodied religious
literature in his satires
- Wrote Fray Botod or Friar Potbelly
* He moved to Madrid where he joined other
Filipino expatriates intro journalism.
Jose Rizal- wrote Noli Me Tangere and El
Filibusterismo
Noli Me Tangere reflected:
defects of the Spanish rule in the
Philippines
Abuses of the friars
Pedro Paterno- lawyer
Antonio Luna- pharmacist and essayist
Pedro Serrano Laktaw- teacher-tutor of Prince
Alfonso de Bourbon (King Alfonso XIII of Spain)
Isabelo de los Reyes- folklorist and
newspaperman
Juan Luna- painted Spoliarium
Felix Resurreccion Hidalgo- Virgenes Cristianas
Expuestas al Populacho (Christian Virgins Expoed
to the Rabble)
Juan Atayde- a Spaniard born in Manila
- founded the Circulo Hispano-
Filipino
Miguel Morayta- Rizals professor at Central
University of Madrid
- tried to form Asociacion Hispano-
Filipino concerned with the
instituting reforms in the Philippines
La Solidaridad- a fortnightly newspaper
-founded by Graciano Lopez Jaena in
Barcelona on Feb 15, 1889
Contributors:
Marcelo H. del Pilar- Plaridel
Jose Rizal- Dimas Alang, Laong Laan
Mariano Ponce- Naning, Kalipulako, Tigbalang
Antonio Luna- Taga-Ilog
Professor Ferdinand Blumentritt
Dr. Morayta
Revolucion- fist Filipino Masonic Lodge
- founded by Graciano Lopez Jaena

Lodge Nilad- first masonic lodge in Manila

- founded by Pedro Serrano Laktaw

Female members of the masonic lodge:

Rosario Villaruel- first woman to be
admitted
Trinidad Rizal
Josefa Rizal

La Liga Filipina (The Philippine League)- Rizal

wrote its constitution with the help of Jose Ma.
Basa

* Rizal founded La Loga Filipina at the residence

of Doroteo Ongjunco in Ilaya St., Tondo,
Manila.

Officers:
Ambrosio Salvador- president
Deodato Arellano- secretary
Bonifacio Arevalo- treasurer
Agustin dela Rosa- fiscal

Present in the meeting:

Pedro Serrano Laktaw (Panday Pira)
Apolinario Mabini (Katabay)
Andres Bonifacio (May Pag-asa)

* La Liga was to be a sort of mutual aid and self

help society