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CSE: Networking FundamentalsOSI Model www.cisco.com 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. 2-2
The Layered Model
7 Application
6 Presentation
NIC Card
5 Session
Routers
4 Transport
3 Network Bridges and Switches
2 Data Link
1 Physical
Hub
CSE: Networking FundamentalsOSI Model www.cisco.com 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. 2-5
Layer Functions
CSE: Networking FundamentalsOSI Model www.cisco.com 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. 2-6
Layer Functions
CSE: Networking FundamentalsOSI Model www.cisco.com 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. 2-7
Layer Functions
CSE: Networking FundamentalsOSI Model www.cisco.com 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. 2-8
Layer Functions
CSE: Networking FundamentalsOSI Model www.cisco.com 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. 2-9
Layer Functions
7 Application Network services to applications
Host A Host B
7 Application Application
6 Presentation Presentation
5 Session Session
Segments
4 Transport Transport
Packets
3 Network Network
Frames
2 Data Link Data Link
Bits
1 Physical Physical
CSE: Networking FundamentalsOSI Model www.cisco.com 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. 2-12
Data Encapsulation
Host A Host B
} {
Application Application
Session Session
Transport Transport
Network Network
Physical Physical
CSE: Networking FundamentalsOSI Model www.cisco.com 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. 2-13
Data Encapsulation
Host A Host B
} {
Application Application
Session Session
Transport Transport
Network Data
Network Header Network
Physical Physical
CSE: Networking FundamentalsOSI Model www.cisco.com 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. 2-14
Data Encapsulation
Host A Host B
} {
Application Application
Session Session
Transport Transport
Network Data
Network Header Network
Frame Network Data Frame
Data Link Data Link
Header Header Trailer
Physical Physical
CSE: Networking FundamentalsOSI Model www.cisco.com 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. 2-15
Data Encapsulation
Host A Host B
} {
Application Application
Session Session
Transport Transport
Network Data
Network Header Network
Frame Network Data Frame
Data Link Data Link
Header Header Trailer
Transport Transport
Internet Network
Data Flow
Layers
Networks Data Link
Network
Access
Physical
Logical Address
Layer 3, not fixed
0000.0c12.3456
MAC Address
CSE: Networking FundamentalsOSI Model www.cisco.com 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. 2-19
MAC Address
24 bits 24 bits
Which
Which Path?
Path?
CSE: Networking FundamentalsOSI Model www.cisco.com 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. 2-22
Network Layer: Communicate Path
5
2 9
6 8
4
10 11
1 3
7
Network Node
1 1 2.1
2
3 1.2
2 1 1.3 1.1 3.1
3 1
CSE: Networking FundamentalsOSI Model www.cisco.com 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. 2-24
Network Layer
Protocol Operations
X Y
C
C
A
A
CSE: Networking FundamentalsOSI Model www.cisco.com 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. 2-25
Network Layer
Protocol Operations
X Y
C
C
A
A
B
B
Host X Host Y
Application Application
Presentation Presentation
Session Router A Router B Router C Session
Transport Transport
Network Network Network Network Network
Data Link Data Link Data Link Data Link Data Link
Physical Physical Physical Physical Physical
CSE: Networking FundamentalsOSI Model www.cisco.com 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. 2-28
Transport Layer
Segments Upper-Layer Applications
Session
Segments
CSE: Networking FundamentalsOSI Model www.cisco.com 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. 2-29
Transport Layer
Establishes Connection
Sender Receiver
Synchronize
Negotiate Connection
Synchronize
Acknowledge
Connection Established
Data Transfer
(Send Segments)
CSE: Networking FundamentalsOSI Model www.cisco.com 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. 2-30
Transport Layer
Sends Segments with Flow Control
Transmit
Sender Receiver
Buffer Full
Not Ready
Stop
Process
Segments
Go Ready
Buffer OK
Resume Transmission
CSE: Networking FundamentalsOSI Model www.cisco.com 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. 2-31
Transport to Network Layer
End-to-End Segments
Routed Packets
CSE: Networking FundamentalsOSI Model www.cisco.com 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. 2-32
Session Layer
Service Request
Service Reply
Coordinates applications as
they interact on different hosts DEC = Digital Equipment Corporation
CSE: Networking FundamentalsOSI Model www.cisco.com 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. 2-33
Presentation Layer
Text Graphics
Data Visual images
ASCII PICT
login:
EBCDIC TIFF
Encrypted JPEG
Sound GIF
MIDI
Video
MPEG
QuickTime
ASCII = American Standard Code for Information Interchange TIFF = Tagged Image File Format
EBCDIC = Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code JPEG = Joint Photographic Experts Group
MIDI = Musical Instrument Digital Interface GIF = Graphic Interchange Format
MPEG = Moving Picture Experts Group
CSE: Networking FundamentalsOSI Model www.cisco.com 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. 2-34
Application Layer
COMPUTER
APPLICATIONS NETWORK
Word Processor APPLICATIONS INTERNETWORK
Presentation Graphics Electronic Mail APPLICATIONS
File Transfer Electronic Data Interchange
Spreadsheet
Remote Access World Wide Web
Database
Client-Server Process E-Mail Gateways
Design/Manufacturing
Information Location Special-Interest Bulletin Boards
Project Planning
Network Management Financial Transaction Services
Others
Others Internet Navigation Utilities
Conferencing (Voice, Video, Data)
Internetwork applications
can extend beyond the Others
enterprise
CSE: Networking FundamentalsOSI Model www.cisco.com 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. 2-35
Presentation_ID 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com 36