English Project Design Collaborative Work 1

Usage of Facebook and Its Effect on English Language Learning

Abstract:
The usage of Facebook on English Language Learning for students at 10th year of Basic
Education at Hermano Miguel School. In Cuenca City, Province of Azuay, during the
first five months, 2016-2017 school year is an issue to consider tremendously, because
this social network can bring many positive effects as well as negative causing impacts
on the process of acquiring English as a second language. Methods of learning have
changed in the 21st century as the use of social networking sites, such as Facebook,
Twitter, and Blog is becoming popular. This paper aims to critically analyze and discuss
scientific research on the informal learning of English language through one of these sites.
It will be that English language learning is old-fashioned. Two variables were
formulated: (1) Is Facebook an efficient learning environment for students, and (2) What
are the advantages and disadvantages of using Facebook for English language learning?
Three databases were explored and over 60 relevant academic journal articles were found.
It is recommended that language learners are made aware of all the advantages and
disadvantages of informal learning through networking sites so that they can take
appropriate actions to regulate their learning experience.

Keywords: Facebook, informal learning, language learning, social networking site.

Introduction:
With the rapid development of information technology, we have entered into an
information and knowledge-based society. The quick improvement and inventions of
modern educational technology offer amplified chances for informal learning. Jokisalo
and Riu (2009) point out that 80 per cent of the knowledge we gain comes from informal
learning and only 20 per cent comes from formal learning.
In informal learning, learners have control over the learning procedure and its outcomes.
The learning process is not only self-directed and self-regulated; it is also shared
and collaborative (Rashid, Rahman & Rahman, 2016). Learners can exchange
information with each other and make the information increasingly useful and
significant to them through their co-operative endeavors (Yunus, Mohamad &
Waelateh, 2016).
Thereby, the importance of informal learning should not be ignored. Informal learning
can be defined as a lifelong process whereby individuals acquire information from
daily experience and the educational influences and resources in his or her environment
(Foley, 1999). It is commenced by the needs of the individual learner to secure new
information and skills and improve the existing ones (Pozgaj & Vlahovic, 2010).
Social networking sites (SNSs), such as Facebook and Twitter, make the Internet
environment more interactive and easier to explore, and facilitate learners to learn

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Zhiminaicela Angel
Tello Segundo (Coordinator) Group 5
 English Project Design Collaborative Work 2

informally as well as enable users to share information quickly, collaborate, and

communicate with one another (Rashid and Rahman, 2014).

1.1 Problem
The learning of a second language is considered one of the basic competences in the area
of communication, which has ceased to be an option to be incorporated into the official
subjects of the National Baccalaureate Program. The idea of the study arises from the
knowledge of the current educational theories related to the situated learning of a second
language and the pedagogic use of the technological tools. The demands of globalization
and the habits of adolescents who attend upper secondary education lead to rethinking the
methodology used in their learning in the subject of English.

A textbook and a workbook seem limited resources when looking for the achievement of
a meaningful and situated type of learning. The present study has the purpose of analyzing
the educational practices of communication in a second language that take place in a
community of virtual practice located in the social network Facebook.

Effect 1.1 Effect 2.1 Effect 3.1

The students spend their Low performance in Frustration and Failure
time on distractions English

Effect 3
Effect 2
Effect 1
Unmotivated students
Not meaningful learning
Inadequate training
about the use of

The English language learning is old-fashioned.

Cause 1 Cause 2 Cause 3

Untrained teacher Learning is boring Teacher -centered only

in technology. on books

Cause 2.1
Cause 3.1
Cause 1.1
Inappropriate tools to
replace the traditional Lack of technological
Poor knowledge about
methodology devices
the use of Facebook.

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Zhiminaicela Angel
Tello Segundo (Coordinator) Group 5
 English Project Design Collaborative Work 3

Today, with the advancement of technology and science, we are all obliged to become
more modernized, in order to face with all the tendencies and challenges that the current
world brings us every day. That is why it is necessary to change traditional methodologies
such as only depending on books, flashcards, worksheets and teachers. Therefore, we all
are called to be updated on the technology and make use of different device tools to
improve the acquisition of a foreign language as English. Facebook, for example, is a nice
social website to communicate in English, but under the supervision of an adult.
The main causes fluctuate between the outdated teachers and the lack of interest and
supervision of the parents using Facebook as a tool of learning; as well as the lack of
technological devices in the schools. While the effects are multiplied before this reality
since, the students are not able to develop a meaningful and lasting learning due to the
lack of control and updating of the professors in the scope of the technologies.

1.2 Problem-formulation
Education at all levels is transformed, going through major changes in paradigms, it is no
longer based on the concept of teaching-learning as transmission and observation, but is
currently oriented towards an active and participatory model, allowing the establishment
of new strategies for learning: a "meaningful learning. Consequently, a new program for
training the teachers regarding the benefits that Facebook has in the teaching-Learning
process and the awareness to the parents about the supervision on the good use and the
abuse when their kids use social networks (Facebook) will take place in this research
program.
The teachers realize that they are fighting against the current. Our education system is
like the monotheistic religions, too conservative and therefore, it always goes light years
behind the social and cultural development. Technology advances ad changes every
second or maybe we would have to say every nanosecond. We cannot even count its
progress in an effective way. When we realize it, it is because it is already past. The young
man was born in the Digital Age, he already brought the integrated chip when he is born,
he does not know the analogy, he grows together with technology, and he takes this by
the hand and is completely incorporated into his life. Although, education is still
traditional it is looking to incorporate some technological tools to their model. Probably
that is why we have a lot of current school failure or the disappointment felt by young
people entering the classroom to sit at the desks in front of a teacher who often does not
even know how to turn on a laptop.

Based on the problem of the traditional Methodologies of English language teaching, we

have all the necessary resources to undertake this research project, and at the same time
give the respective solutions to the 10th grade students of the "Hermano Miguel" School,
starting an orientation about the good use of the Facebook in the house to improve the
English skills.

Sarabia Jessica
Zhiminaicela Angel
Tello Segundo (Coordinator) Group 5
 English Project Design Collaborative Work 4

1.3. Variables Matrix.

SUB SUB
VARIABLES DEFINITION DIMENSIONS
DIMENSIONS DIMENSIONS
I.V The outdated Difficult to be Teaching Doubts,
technology updated in insecurity.
Facebook that brings technologies Guiding
issues that No confidence
Supporting
cause No satisfaction,
deficiencies in Unclear ideas
learning. Controlling Lies, excuses
Improving Training
D.V It should be Bad use of Listening Hearing,
understood as Facebook to Understanding,
the effects of improve the Judging
English applying English skills Speaking
boring Fluency and
Language Coherence,
Learning methodologies
making the Lexical Resource
English Grammatical
language Reading Range and
learning an Accuracy.
old-fashioned Pronunciation,
Phonological
awareness.
Phonics (sound-
symbol
correspondence)
Fluency,
vocabulary, text
Writing comprehension.
Narrative,
functional,
descriptive,
Use of literacy learning
language grammar.

Pronunciation,
intonation, usage

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Zhiminaicela Angel
Tello Segundo (Coordinator) Group 5
 English Project Design Collaborative Work 5

1.4 Objectives

1.4.1 Main objective.

To implement the use of the Facebook into the Teaching-Learning process through new
and modern methodologies in order to improve the English skills for students attending
the 10th year of Basic Education at Hermano Miguel School, in Cuenca City,
Province of Azuay, during the first five months, 2016-2017 school year.

1.4.2 Specific objectives.

1.4.2.1 To lead the improvement of English skills through the application of Facebook
with the support of the staff of the School and the parents including new strategies for
teaching English
1.4.2.2 To provide the facilities and training workshops on the advantages of good use of
the Facebook to improve in English language acquisition.

1.4.2.3 To facilitate the knowledge, resources and support for making Facebook a useful
tool to improve the English language acquisition as a foreign language.

1.5 Justification:
To know or to manage a foreign language is a basic need for everybody in the globalized
world. Today to be successful in professional life and make our lives easier, it is important
to start studying or improving our level of English Language. Simply because English is
the universal language spoken, read and written in many parts of the world.
English is a great tool that helps a lot to have greater and competitive advantages it allows
to be better prepared than others, it helps us in many aspects such as communication with
foreign people, travel around the world, know new cultures and of course it will open
many doors in our professional lives. Every time we have access to the Internet we can
see the information in web pages, blogs, links and so on mostly written in English and we
have to know, to understand to get it, otherwise we could be in problems.

The importance of technology in general, and in the teaching of English as a second

language in particular, is widely recognized and accepted. The efficient use of technology
depends largely on teachers taking advantage of all the advantages of this tool: internet,
video, software. The technology must be used to maximize teaching, however a
considerable number of teachers do not do so due to lack of knowledge or because they
do not have access to an educational software, or because they lack a computer room, or
because they have not enough time to train.

For all the above, we believe that the incorporation of Facebook to improve the quality
of English language learning is an excellent technological tool. Because, it can be said
that at this point the majority of the population uses Facebook or at least some time in
their life they opened it. Unless we use it minimum, we check our account once a day and
it could be used as an advantage to learn a new language. Therefore, Facebook will be

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applied as a new tool within the Teaching-Learning process of the students of the 10th
grade of the "Hermano Miguel" School.

2. Theoretical Framework:
The different pedagogical approaches have been eminent factors over time for the
evaluation changes, these changes have been made through criteria, perspectives,
scientific and technological advances. Currently, technology is considered as:

The history of technology is the history of the invention of tools and techniques with a
practical purpose. Modern history is intimately related to the history of science, since the
number of discoveries of new knowledge has allowed creating new things and,
reciprocally, new scientific discoveries have been made thanks to the development of new
technologies, which have extended the possibilities of experimentation and knowledge
acquisition.

Jason Oconnor states:

Technology is closely linked to the development of solutions to a problem or difficulty
that has been experienced. By the same to find that many of these initiatives in the
beginning have been due to trial and error, but we also find special beings who have been
able to reflect on the way in which the solution was found and by that, way man devised
science, as a guiding principle of technology (p.25)
The influence of new technologies is the computer. This is present more and more in all
areas of our life. Education, of course, is not exempt from this influence, in such a way
that it could be said that new technologies have come to revolutionize many fundamental
aspects of this, as Aparici (1998) says new technologies open the possibility of greater
student participation in the construction and development of the curriculum.

Joseph vila states:

The convergence of these two technologies requires recognizing the impact and
transformation they cause in education. In such a way that we can take advantage of these
technologies to achieve a greater and better teaching-learning process, facing the
challenges and problems caused by this fusion; for which we will have to propose creative
solutions for its use in the educational process (p. 34).

Definitely, the use of technology today is vital for learning a foreign language. Therefore,
the research project will be accepted for all the members of the educational community.

2.1.1 Epistemology of the study.

The origin of the study is given by the difficulties that students have when they are
learning English language due to the application of traditional methods and their
divergences when applying the methods that only bore them.
As the teachers were the foundation and the condition of educational success, it is up to
them to organize knowledge, isolate and elaborate what must be learned, trace the path
by which their students will go. The teacher is a model and a guide, who must be imitated
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Zhiminaicela Angel
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and obeyed. Discipline and punishment are considered fundamental, discipline and school
exercises are sufficient to develop the human virtues of the students. It is thought that
punishment, whether in the form of threats, censure, public humiliation or physical
punishment, constantly stimulates the student's progress. Lately, the teaching of the
English language came into force within the educational curriculum; all the teaching
methodologies and techniques have been repetitive, resulting in boring models of English
language teaching. However, the new technologies have brought with them many social
networks among which Facebook has ventured into the world of communications.
Therefore, it is time to use this medium as a didactic resource to learn or better the learning
of the English language.

The use of technologies allows us an adequate education and an effective equality of

opportunities, since cultural changes have been adapting little by little technological
resources have responded to the educational needs of all students. The technological
advances of information open new expectations in the development of communication
and in the quality of teaching and learning.

2.1.2 Research model

The model of the research is aimed at the students of the tenth year of basic general
education at the Hermano Miguel school. The same ones that fluctuate between the
ages of 12 and 15 years old and are between girls and boys. Several factors influence the
low academic achievement of students such as family problems, migration, tight
schedules, etc. Not all students have access to a computer because they lack economic
resources, which prevents them from being acquainted and better prepared.
When the support of the school management is bad the students suffer the consequences,
then the students are limited to being endowed with the necessary resources to develop a
meaningful learning. There is also an influence of internal factors such as social
integration, deficiency, or abuse of technology among other factors. These do not allow
a good academic performance of the students. Therefore, the research model will be
sequential taking into account all the factors and processes to find the best solution to the
problem.

2.1.3 Theoretical support to both variables.

At present, educational systems around the world are facing the challenge of using
information and communication technologies to provide their students with the tools and
knowledge needed in the 21st century. In 1998, the World Report on Education of
UNESCO, "Teachers and education in a world in mutation ", described the impact of
ICTs on the methods conventional teaching and learning predicted the transformation of
the teaching-learning process and the way in which teachers and students access
knowledge and information.
Many people think that Facebook is only useful to spy on your friends or see what other
people do every day, but few think of Facebook as a useful tool to learn English (although
it seems impossible). On Facebook, you can find many groups and pages that can help

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 English Project Design Collaborative Work 8

you with your English teaching as well as offering tips on how to learn English through
short phrases or videos.

3. Methodological Design
3.1 Type and Research Design:
The method used to express and validate this experience is a quantitative approach. A
questionnaire-type instrument was designed to collect information in different categories;
among the items, the following stand out: the taste for the use of social networks, the use
oriented to learning and their perception as to whether the learning style influences their
use. Questions were also asked about the use that teachers make of these networks.

3.2 Size and Sample:

Before searching for the literature, the following inclusion criteria were formulated. First,
each journal article should be relevant, meaning that the publication should examine
informal learning of English through SNSs within the scope of the conceptual review
framework. Second, the academic journal articles are written only in English, as we can
read and understand this language. Lastly, the time extent of the literature search was
limited to 20052016 to give an overview of the most recent research in this area.

3.3 Instruments for data collection:

Improvement of a search strategy.
To develop a search strategy appropriate for the main purpose of this review, various
search terms were listed, such as informal learning, social learning, technology
enhanced language learning, e-learning, and social networking site. After heedful
contemplation of the consequences of removing potential search terms, the following
search terms were identified as being the most informative: informal learning, learning
environment, Facebook and social networking site. Quotation marks were also utilized
to search for phrases.
Identification of relevant publications.

Three databases were searched: the Educational Resources Information Centre (ERIC)
catalogue, the Web of Science (WoS), and the Science Direct. The abstracts of the
academic journal articles resulting from the search strategy as mentioned above
were screened for relevancy. If the abstract did not give adequate information, then the
full text was scanned to determine whether or not the paper met the inclusion criteria.

Critical analysis and exploration.

Following the careful reading, the critical analysis was carried out using a self-devised a
literature review form based on the examination framework adopted in this study. This
provided the room for the explanation and evaluation of the found journal articles.
The literature examination form also functioned to standardize the critical analysis. The
procedure consisted of two parts: (a) questions aimed to provide acuteness into the
research design features of the publications, thereby enabling the description of the study
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Zhiminaicela Angel
Tello Segundo (Coordinator) Group 5
 English Project Design Collaborative Work 9

into informal learning and (b) questions formulated to analyze the scientific research
on the informal learning of English through Facebook.

3.4 Processing and analysis

Explanation of scientific research on the informal learning of the English language
through Facebook The search resulted in 60 unique publications. Of these, 20 papers
met the above mentioned criteria for inclusion. While two relevant publications reported
on the same empirical study results, only the academic journal articles with the most
extensive coverage were encompassed. Of those 20 relevant publications, 15 were
empirical, and five were theoretical studies. A total 30 publications were not included as
the papers describe individual faculty experiences, courses, curricula, or projects. Also
excluded were five publications on a different topic. The majority of the reviewed journal
articles were published in the twenty-first century and in the field of education.

Facebook is recently considered as the most popular platform for online social
networking. It would be worthy to examine if there are activities that directly or indirectly
lead to the learning of English. Students and teachers may use Facebook to upload files,
photos, videos and other educational materials that are relevant to their course and
learning (Rashid & Rahman, 2014). Given the widespread diffusion of Facebook among
the students, many scholars outline the benefits of using the site for teaching and learning
(e.g. Duffy, 2011; Greenhow, 2011; Halverson, 2011; Siemens & Weller, 2011). For
instance, Greenhow (2011) and Siemens and Weller (2011) point out that Facebook
is beneficial for learning as it facilitates discussion between learners who are
geographically distributed.
Research has demonstrated that students use Facebook individually or in collaboration
with their peers and instructors outside the classroom as an informal learning tool
(Dogoriti & Pange, 2010; Smith, Caruso & Kim, 2010; Towner & Munoz, 2011).
Students appear to make regular use of Facebook for course discussions much in the way
they use the SNSs for social purposes (Estus, 2010).
Language learning is not limited to the formal learning setting of the classroom, and much
language learning can occur informally, outside the classroom. SNSs offer an alternative
informal, mobile environment with flexible teaching and learning that have no time
constraints. Integrating Facebook in learning process may enhance students interest,
motivation and encourage collaboration between English language learners (Shih, 2011;
Harrison & Thomas, 2009; McBride, 2009; Karpati, 2009). We coincide with the view of
Godwin-Jones (2008) that Facebook, which enhances communication and human
interaction can potentially be harnessed for language learning (p. 7). Similarly, Blattner
and Fiori (2009) also agreed that Facebook can provide opportunities to enhance the
development of socio-pragmatic competence in language learners (p. 17).

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Zhiminaicela Angel
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 English Project Design Collaborative Work 10

4. Administrative Framework

4.1. Physical resources

During our research, we are going to be needing different school material like:

Computing classrooms equipped with technology devices (computer,

headphones)
Personnel laptop
Printer ink cartridges
Paper A4
Book binding
Texts copies
Binding
Office supplies
Copies
Internet account
Our transportation will be sponsored by the main authorities of the school by
giving us a shuttle bus, which is going to pick us up and drop us off after working.

4.2. Human resources

We are going to need for our research a specialist such as a students psychology, advisors
and an educational coach, people who can make them feel comfortable while the
researching is going on, one driver for the shuttle and one secretary who is going to collect
the print information, take pictures and file the documents.

4.3. Budget
TOTAL
ITEM QUANTITY UNIT COST
COST
A Research
3 US$ 180 US$ 540
advisor
Equipment
(personal 1 US$ 700 US$ 700
laptop)
Materials
90 US$ 0.05 US$ 4.5
(copies)
Bibliography
(use of 5 US$ 30 US$ 150
software)
TOTAL US$ 1394.5

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Zhiminaicela Angel
Tello Segundo (Coordinator) Group 5
 English Project Design Collaborative Work 11

4.4. Timetable

Months 1 2 3 4 5

Weeks 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
Activities
Planning X X
Bibliography
X
acquisition
Bibliography
X X
analysis
Organize info
X X
(complete outline)
Project approval X
Instrument design X X
Instrument
application / data X X X
collection
Data
X
tabulation/analysis
Graphing info X
Writing 1st draft X X
Revision/correction
X X
of 1st draft
Writing 2nd draft X X
Revision/correction
X X
final draft
Thesis approved X
Present and defend
X
thesis

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Zhiminaicela Angel
Tello Segundo (Coordinator) Group 5
 English Project Design Collaborative Work 12

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GLOSSARY
English: the language spoken in England, the United States, Canada, Australia, and
other countries
Facebook: Trademark, a popular social networking website.
Foreign: of or coming from another country or nation, not domestic or native:
Language: a body of words, sounds, and the systems for their use common to a people
of the same community or nation, the same geographical area, or the same cultural
tradition.
Network: a computer or telecommunications system linked to permit exchange of
information
Pedagogic: the work of a teacher; teaching.
Technology: the branch of knowledge that deals with applying science and engineering
to practical uses.
Virtual: temporarily simulated or extended by computer software.

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Zhiminaicela Angel
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ANNEXES

Appendices:
A set of questionnaire consists of 20 questions was developed on Usage of Facebook and
its effect on English language learning. A questionnaire has been divided in two parts.

1. The growth of Facebook usage among students.

2. Facebook and its effect on English language learning.

Sarabia Jessica
Zhiminaicela Angel
Tello Segundo (Coordinator) Group 5