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Carnatic music, Karnaka sagta or Karnaka sagtam is a system of music commonly

associated with southern India, including the modern Indian states of Andhra
Pradesh, Telangana, Karnataka, Kerala, and Tamil Nadu, as well as Sri Lanka.[1][2]It is one of two
main subgenres of Indian classical music that evolved from ancient Hindu traditions, the other
subgenre being Hindustani music, which emerged as a distinct form because of Persian and Islamic
influences in northern India. The main emphasis in Carnatic music is on vocal music; most
compositions are written to be sung, and even when played on instruments, they are meant to be
performed in gyaki (singing) style.
Although there are stylistic differences, the basic elements of ruti (the relative musical
pitch), swara (the musical sound of a single note), rga (the mode or melodic formul), and tala (the
rhythmic cycles) form the foundation of improvisation and composition in both Carnatic and
Hindustani music. Although improvisation plays an important role, Carnatic music is mainly sung
through compositions, especially the kriti (or kirtanam) a form developed between the 14th and
20th centuries by composers such as Purandara Dasa and the Trinity of Carnatic music. Carnatic
music is also usually taught and learned through compositions.
Carnatic music is usually performed by a small ensemble of musicians, consisting of a principal
performer (usually a vocalist), a melodic accompaniment (usually a violin), a rhythm accompaniment
(usually a mridangam), and a tambura, which acts as a drone throughout the performance. Other
typical instruments used in performances may include
the ghatam, kanjira, morsing, venu flute, veena, and chitraveena. The most outstanding
performances, and the greatest concentration of Carnatic musicians, are to be found in the city
of Chennai.[3] Various festivals are held throughout India and abroad which mainly consist of Carnatic
music performances, such as the Madras Music Season, which has been considered to be one of
the world's largest cultural events.[4][5]
Hindustani classical music ([hindust ni]) is the traditional music of northern areas of the Indian
subcontinent, including the modern states of India, Nepal, Bangladesh and Pakistan. It may also be
called North Indian classical music or Shstriya Sangt. Its origins date from the 12th century CE,
when it diverged from Carnatic music, the classical tradition of southern parts of the subcontinent.
Hindustani classical music has strongly influenced Indonesian classical music and Dangdut popular
music, especially in instrumentation, melody, harmony, and beat. Its main instruments
are tabla, sitar, sarod, flute and modern guitars. Hindustani (north Indian) classical music can be
divided into melody, rhythm and harmony.
Punjab is a region in South Asia, divided into two parts West Punjab (Pakistan) and East Punjab
(India). Punjabi music has a diverse style of music, ranging from folk and Sufi to classical, notably
the Patiala gharana

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