REVIWER MGT 103 Laissez-faire or Free rein style

-A free rein leader does not lead, but leaves the group entirely to
Formal Leadership itself and allows maximum freedom to subordinates
- Occurs when a manager leads by exercising formal
authority *LEADERSHIP STYLE BASED ON ASSUMPTION ABOUT PEOPLE
- Any employee who is assigned a managerial position
has the opportunity and responsibility to exercise Mc Gregors Theory
formal leadership THEORY X
Informal Leadership -They distrust peole and believe in close supervision and tight
- Arises when a person without formal authority is control over the subordinate
influential in directing the behaviours of others. THEORY Y
Although not formally appointed or elected he -They are participative, trusts subordinates and allow them to
becomes a leader through his actions or personal participate in decision-making
attractions.
LEADERSHIP *LEADERSHIP STYLE BASED ON LIKERTS FOUR STYLES
- Art of motivating a group of peole to act towards (EBPC)
achieving a common goal 1. Exploitative authoritative
- Refers to ability of one individual to influence others 2. Benevolent authoritarian
ALAN KEITH- Leadership is ultimately about creating a way for 3. Participative
people to contribute to making something extraordinary happen 4. Consultative
MANAGEMENT
- Process of planning, organizing, coordinating, directing *LEADERSHIP STYLE BASED ON ENTREPRENEURSHIP
and controlling the activities of others LEADERSHIP STYLE
JOHN KETTER DISTINCTION
MANAGEMENT coping with complexity -Heavy task orientation combined with a very direct-approach to
LEADERSHIP coping with change giving instructions to employees
-Charismatic personality that inspires others to do business with
MANAGERS VS. LEADERS him
Administer - Innovate -Much stronger interest in dealing with customers than
Maintain - Develop employees
Control - Inspire -A strong dislike for bureaucratic rules and regulations
Short term view - Long term view -Anxiety to consolidate business gains as quickly as possible
Ask how & when - Ask what & why
Initiate - Originate >THEORIES OF LEADERSHIP (TMLC)
Accept the status - Challenge the -Trait Theory
quo Status quo -Managerial Grid
Do things right - Do right things -Leader Behavior Theory
-Contingency Theory
*LEADERSHIP STYLES (AATLE)
-Based on Authority Retained >TRAIT THEORY
-Assumptions about people -Individual characteristic of successful leaders
-Task versus people emphasis -Leaders possess a set of traits which make them distinct from
-Likerts four style followers
-Entrepreneurship leadership style
Characteristic of trait theory according to ROD STOGDILL
*LEADERSHIP STYLE BASED ON AUTHORITY RETAINED -strong desire for accomplishment
(ADCPF) -creativity of intelligence
-initiative
Authoritarian or Autocratic style -high tolerance
-All decision making powers are centralized in the leader -ability to influence others
-Do not entertain any suggestions
>MANAGERIAL GRID
Participative or Democratic style -Robert Blake and Jane Mouton
-Favours decision making by the group -a graphical representation of a 2 dimensional view of leadership
-decisions are not unilateral as with the autocrat because they style BASED ON:
arise from consultation with the group members and -Concern for People
participation by them -Concern for Production
5 resulting leadership style of the managerial grid
Consultative (ITMCT)
-process of consultation before decisions are taken
Impoverished Management
Persuasive -Low on concern for people and Low on concern for Production
-Leader takes decision and seeks to persuade others that the
decision is correct
Task Management
-Also called dictatorial and produce or perish management
-High concern on production and low concern on people
-Based on Mc gregors Theory X

Middle-of-the-Road Management
-Balanced
-Medium concern on People and Production
-The result will likely deliver only mediocre performance

Team Management
-Based on Mc Gregors theory Y
-High Concern for People and Production
-Most effective leadership style

>LEADER-BEAHAVIOR THEORY OR BEHAVIORAL THEORY

-Main focus is behaviors of actual leaders
-Determines how various kinds of specific leaders behaviors
affect the performance and satisfaction of followers

>CONTINGENCY THEORY
-Behavior of leader depends upon characteristic of situation
leaders is in

MOST POPULAR THEORIES (FPS)

-Fiedlers contingency model

Effectiveness of leadership depends upon

-His motivation style
-The favourableness or situation

-Path-Goal Theory
Leaders job is to use structure, support and rewards to create a
work environment that helps employees reach the organizations
goals.

-Situational Leadership Theory

(Paul Hershey and Kenneth Blanchard)
-Maturity of followers as a contingency variable
-Requires leaders emphasis on task behaviors and relationship
behaviour according to maturity of followers in performing their
tasks