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engineering
mathematics
NEE 323
General policies
Absence in excess of 20% of total required number of meetings
per term will be given a mark of D Dropped unofficially.
Late in excess of 25% of the scheduled class duration will be
considered absent (15 minutes for a 1 hour class; 23 minutes for
a 1-1/2 hour class; 30 minutes for a 2 hour class). Reference time
is DOSTs JUAN TIME.
Only missed major exams may be given a special make-up exam
with valid reasons and upon presentation of related documents.
Missed quizzes will be given a score of 0.
Cheating will be automatically penalized with a final grade of
5.0.
Going out of the class during exams is NOT ALLOWED.
Grading system
Prelim Midterm Finals
Prelim Exam (PE) 67% Midterm Exam (ME) 67% Final Exam (FE) 67%
COURSE OUTLINE
Complex Numbers
Arithmetic of Complex Numbers
Theorems on Complex Numbers
Geometric Representation
Polar and Exponential Form
Arithmetic of Phasors
Power and Logarithm
De Moivres Theorem
Trigonometric and Hyperbolic Functions
Inverse Trigonometric and Inverse Hyperbolic Functions
introduction
COMPLEX NUMBERS
A complex number is a number that can be expressed in
the form + or +
= + = +
Where:
, , are real numbers
is the imaginary numbers, which satisfies the
equation i2 = 1
b. 1,271,991
c. 2007 + 2012
POLAR FORM
z = |z|/
Where:
|z| = magnitude/modulus
/ = argument ( in degrees)
EXPONENTIAL FORM
z = |z|ej
Where: in radians (rad)
Argand diagram
An Argand diagram is a plot of complex numbers as
points. In the complex plane using the x-axis as the real axis and y-
axis as the imaginary axis. In the plot above, the dashed circle
represents the complex modulus of and the angle represents its
complex argument.
Conversions
Conversion of rectangular form to polar form
z = x + jy = |z|/
|z| = 2 + 2
= tan-1(y/x)
z = |z|/
Conversions
Conversion of rectangular form to exponential form
Convert rectangular form to polar form
Convert into radian
x + jy = |z|/ = |z|ej(/180)
Simplify j35
COMPLEX CONJUGATE
If z = + , we define its complex conjugate to be the
number = , that is, we change the sign of the imaginary
part. The conjugate is also used to eliminate an imaginary number
in the denominator.
b. 3j
c. - 2 + j
d. 3 5j
Let 1 = 4 + 3 and 2 = 8 + 7
Find:
a. 1 + 2
b. 1 2
MULTIPLICATION
Rectangular form
To multiply complex numbers, perform algebraic
multiplication.
z1 * z2 = (a+b)(c+d) = ac + ad + bc + 2 bd
Polar form
To multiply complex numbers, multiply the modulus and
add the argument algebraically.
z1 * z2 = |z1|/1 * |z2|/-2 = |z1| * |z2|/1-2
a. if 1 = 4 + 3 and 2 = 8 + 7 , Determine 1 2
b. if = 3 5 , find
2
c. 1 +
Engr. J.L. Tumbaga Tuesday, November 15, 2016
17
DIVISION
Rectangular form
To divide complex numbers, multiply both the dividends by
the conjugate of the divisor.
+ ++
z1 / z2 = + = 2 + 2
Polar form
To divide complex numbers, divide the modulus and
subtract the argument algebraically.
z1 / z2 = |z1|/1 / |z2|/-2 = |z1|/|z2|/1+2
a. If 1 = 3 + 2 and 2 = 6 5 Find 1 / 2
4+3
b.
8 7
Edward Young
~The End~