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EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE LOAD ON BEAM DESIGN IN

THERMAL ANALYSIS
1
SANJAY SHIRKE, 2H.S.CHORE, 3P.A. DODE
1
P.G. Student, Department of Civil Engineering, Datta Meghe College of Engineering, Maharashtra, India
2
Professor and Head, Department of Civil Engineering, Datta Meghe College of Engineering, Maharashtra, India
3
Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Datta Meghe College of Engineering, Maharashtra, India

Abstract- Long structures without any expansion joints has become a necessity in view of demanding architecture and
present Industrial trend. As per Indian Standard code, IS-456:2000, buildings longer than 45m shall be analyzed for the
thermal stresses and appropriate measures shall be taken during fixing the structural system. However, IS codes are silent in
terms of process to follow in such kind of designs as well as on load factors to be considered in design combination of
temperature load with gravity loads. To worsen the situation, there are no guidelines available with the design engineers to
arrive at design temperature value that should be considered in working out thermal stresses. Three multilevel car park
buildings are analyzed here in order to study the effect of temperature load with respect to length of building. Buildings
considered are of length approx. 80m, 160m and 240m. This paper covers the effect of temperature load on forces
experienced by beams and overall reinforcement consumption.

Index Terms- Temperature load, Thermal analysis, Long structures, beam design with thermal loads.

I. INTRODUCTION account for the fact that the temperature at which the
building is completed would statistically not bee at
As a standard practice based on IS code, expansion the maximum or minimum daily temperature, but
joints are usually provided every after 45m length in somewhere between the two. Values of maximum
case of long buildings. These expansion joints affects and minimum temperature can be referred from
the execution of work, construction sequence, faade Meteorological department of the city. As a case
design (in case of dry cladding/ ACP cladding) and study, data for Hyderabad city was referred to arrive
also act as a source of leakage in monsoon during life at the value of design temperature change.
span of buildings. To avoid all these complications,
sometime buildings are analyzed and designed for Basically, buildings can be divided into three separate
temperature loads which permit elimination of categories:
expansion joints. This paper mainly focuses on effect Cladded buildings with controlled temperature
of temperature loads on design of beams. like, commercial offices, shopping malls, etc.
Cladded buildings without temperature control
Temperature variation induces stresses in a structure, like residential buildings, Industrial estates,
if the structure is restrained. These stresses vary with schools, colleges, etc.
the magnitude of the temperature change; large Un-cladded buildings like stadiums, sport
temperature variation can result in substantial stresses complexes, multi-level car parks, etc.
that must be accounted for in design, while low
temperature changes may result in negligible stresses. Different effect can be seen in the structural design of
Elongation caused by temperature variation can buildings coming under above categories due to
simply be worked out by using relation: variation in seasonal as well as day and night time
temperature variation.
L = x L x t
Where, II. BUILDING DESCRIPTION
L = Elongation due to temperature variation
= Co-efficient of thermal expansion of Un-cladded multilevel car park (MLCP) buildings are
concrete considered in this report to study the effect of
(9.9E -06 considered here) temperature variation. In case of RCC flat slab
L = Length of building structures with columns and shear walls, the location
t = Design temperature change and thicknesses of shear wall majorly contribute
towards carrying the temperature induced shear.
Design temperature change is two third of the Along with shear wall and columns, major variation
difference between the extreme values of the normal in axial forces in beams is expected under effect of
daily maximum and minimum temperatures i.e. temperature loads. Also, the restraint at foundation
2/3(40-25) [as per Martin and Acosta,1970). Martin play important role in analysis of building with
and Acosta arbitrarily chose the two-third factor to temperature loads. Three buildings having similar
Proceedings of 12th IRF International Conference, 29th June-2014, Pune, India, ISBN: 978-93-84209-31-5
136
Effect of Temperature Load on Beam Design In Thermal Analysis

structural configuration with variable lengths viz. building. Following load combinations were used for
80m, 160m and 240m with following features as designing the building against thermal variation in
listed in Table 1 are referred. All column and shear addition to combinations of lateral forces:
walls are considered fixed at the foundation level for
present study: 1.2 Dead Load + 1.2 Live Load + 1.2 Temperature
Load
Table 1: Building Features 1.5 Dead Load + 1.5 Temperature Load
Multi-storey pin jointed
1. Type of Structure
frame
2. Earthquake Zone III
Response
5
reduction factor
Importance factor 1
3. Layout As shown in Figure no 1,2,3
4. Number of stories 8 (G + 7)
Ground storey
5. 3.0m
height
Floor-to-floor
6. 3.0 m
height
1.2m high, 200 thick
7. External walls
parapets
200 mm thick concrete
8. Internal walls
block walls
9. Live load 2.5 kN/m2
10. Materials M 40 and Fe 500
11. Seismic analysis Equivalent static method
Limit state method
Design
12. conforming to IS 456 : 2000 Fig. 1. MODEL I (80m long MLCP building)
Philosophy
+ IS 13920 : 1993
Size of exterior
13. 900 x 1500 mm
column
Size of interior
14. 900 x 900 mm
column
Thickness of shear 300, 450, 525, 600 as per
15.
wall design requirements
16. Size of beams 300 x 750 mm
17. Flat slab thickness 250 mm
Drop panel
18. 500 mm
thickness

III. ANALYTICAL SIMULATIONS & DESIGN

Structural analysis carried out using CSI software


Etabs 9.7. Buildings having variable floor plates are
selected for this study.

1. Columns and beams modeled as line


elements
2. Shear wall and flat slabs modeled as finite
shell elements
3. Temperature load assigned to the floor plate/
slabs.

Computer aided design software RCDC from S-


cube Futuretech was used to design various structural
elements. Based on analysis and design results,
various graphs are plotted to discuss the effect of
temperature variation with respect to the length of Fig. 2. MODEL II (160m long MLCP building)

Proceedings of 12th IRF International Conference, 29th June-2014, Pune, India, ISBN: 978-93-84209-31-5
137
Effect of Temperature Load on Beam Design In Thermal Analysis

IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

A. Axial Tension in beams due to temperature load


Fig. 4 represent the graphical representation of
increase in maximum axial tension in beam along its
length for basic load case of temperature loads. As
the length of building increase, marginal increase in
axial tension is observed in axial tension experienced
by beams.

Fig. 4. Axial Tension in beams due to temperature load

B. Design axial tension in beam:


Figure 5 represents the axial force experienced by
beam for all the design load combinations including
lateral loads. When buildings are analyzed without
considering effect of temperature loads, design axial
force is somewhere in the range of 200 KN. Whereas
if the same buildings are analyzed after applying
temperature loads, axial forces in beams increases up
to 1200 KN. (e.g. Beam B1) in critical load
combination. It clearly indicates that the building
analyzed with temperature load carries heavier axial
tension in beams as compared with buildings without
temperature load. However, no measure variation was
found in axial forces with respect to increase in length
of the buildings.

Fig. 3. MODEL III (240m long MLCP building) Fig. 5. Maximum design axial tension

Proceedings of 12th IRF International Conference, 29th June-2014, Pune, India, ISBN: 978-93-84209-31-5
138
Effect of Temperature Load on Beam Design In Thermal Analysis

C. Increase in reinforcement consumption: REFERENCES


Figure 6 represents the increase in reinforcement
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Proceedings of 12th IRF International Conference, 29th June-2014, Pune, India, ISBN: 978-93-84209-31-5
139

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