STRUCTURAL OPTIMISATION OF FLOATING OFFSHORE

WIND TURBINE TENSION LEG PLATFORM.

PROJECT FIRST RVIEW

Prepared by

SURYAVANSHI SANYUKTA RAJENDRA

Roll No. M160100CE

M.Tech in Civil Engineering

(Offshore Structures)

Guided by

Dr.T. M. Madhavan Pillai

August 2017
 1 INTRODUCTION
Wind energy is accepted as a form of sustainable source of clean energy. Offshore wind
energy has minimal environmental impact as compared to onshore wind energy along with
reduced noise and visual impact. However, the capital investment of offshore wind farms is
30 to 50% higher than onshore wind farms.

For deep waters wind turbines FOWT are necessary. For single body wind turbines
TLPs are suitable and economically viable for water depths less than 200 m. Sub struture of
wind turbine covers 20% of its overall cost. Yet the sub structure posses great potential for
structural optimization hence thereby reduction in cost.

2 LITERATURE REVIEW

M Karmini in 2016 presented a multi-objective design optimisation scheme for floating

offshore wind turbine supported on tension-leg, spar buoy and semi submersible platforms.
A global optimisation is carried out by formulating a multi objective GA to represent
engineered economic platforms. The objective function consists of platform topology, size of
connective elements, fairlead and anchor locations, mass and ballast are defined as design
variables. A frequency domain dynamic model is formulated considering the dynamic effect
of wind, wave, platform and the mooring lines to obtain response of complete offshore
floating wind turbine in irregular sea. The objective function chosen for optimisation is cost
function which includes platform, mooring lines and anchor cost. The objective function to
optimise the performance of FOWT is the standard deviation of nacelle acceleration, which is
a function of response operator of nacelle acceleration at a sea state. The design constraints
include the cost constraint- by placing an upper limit on the cost and performance constraint-
by limiting the maximum nacelle acceleration. A stability constraint limiting the pitch angle
of FOWT is also introduced as a design constraint.

T. Ashuri presented a multi disciplinary design optimisation of offshore wind turbine.

The optimisation is carried out by defining objective function which considers the rotor
parameters and the tower dimensions as design variables. Design constraints considered for
are stresses and fatigue for tower and blade optimisation. Optimisation is carried out in two
stages convex lineralisation (CONLIN) is used for first order optimisation and Lagrange
Multiplier technique is used in second order optimisation.

1
Sr.
Literature Review
No.

T. Ashuri, M.B. Zaaijer, J.R.R.A. Martins, G.J.W. van Bussel, G.A.M. van
Kuik, Multidisciplinary design optimization of offshore wind turbines for
1
minimum levelized cost of energy, Renewable Energy, Volume 68, 2014,
Pages 893-905, ISSN 0960-1481,

Karmini M, Hall, M Buckham, A multi-objective design optimization

2 approach for floating offshore wind turbine support structures, J. Ocean
Eng. Mar. Energy (2017)

Muskulus, Michael, and Sebastian Schafhirt. "Design optimization of wind

3 turbine support structures-a review." Journal of Ocean and Wind Energy 1.1
(2014): 12-22.

Bachynski EE, Moan T (2012) Design considerations for tension leg

4
platform wind turbines. Mar Struct 29(1):89114

Theo Gentils, Lin Wang, Athanasios Kolios, Integrated structural

optimisation of offshore wind turbine support structures based on finite
5
element analysis and genetic algorithm, Applied Energy, Volume 199,
2017, Pages 187-204, ISSN 0306-2619.

G.F. Clauss, L. Birk, Hydrodnamic shape optimisation of large offshore

6 structures, Applied Ocean Research, Volume 18, Issue 4, 1996, Pages 157-
171, ISSN 0141-1187.

Walter Musial, Sandy Butterfield, and A. Boone. Feasibility of Floating

7 Platform Systems for Wind Turbines, 42nd AIAA Aerospace Sciences
Meeting and Exhibit, Aerospace Sciences Meetings

Fylling I, Berthelsen PA. WINDOPT- An Optimization Tool for Floating

8 Support Structures for Deep Water Wind Turbines., Proc 30th Int Conf
Ocean Offshore Arct Eng, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, 2011; 5:499851:1-10.

9 M. Hall, B. Buckham and C. Crawford, Evolving offshore wind: A genetic

2
 algorithm-based support structure optimization framework for floating wind
turbines, 2013 MTS/IEEE OCEANS, Bergen, 2013, pp. 1-10. doi:
10.1109/OCEANS-Bergen.2013.6608173

C. M. Wang , T. Utsunomiya , S. C. Wee & Y. S. Choo (2010), Research

10 on floating wind turbines: a literature survey, The IES Journal Part A: Civil
& Structural Engineering, 267-277, DOI: 10.1080/19373260.2010.517395

Jeong Du Kim, Beom-Seon Jang, Application of multi-objective

11 optimization for TLP considering hull-form and tendon system, Ocean
Engineering, Volume 116, 2016, Pages 142-156, ISSN 0029-8018.

Matha Denis, Model development and loads analysis of an offshore wind

turbine on a tension leg platform with a comparison to other floating turbine
12
concepts, April 2009. No. NREL/SR-500-45891. National Renewable
Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO., 2010.

Matha D, Fischer T, Kuhn M, Jonkman J, Model development and loads

13 analysis of a wind turbine on a floating offshore tension leg platform.
NREL/CP-500-46725; 2010.

Roddier, Dominique, Christian Cermelli, and Alla Weinstein. "Windfloat: a

floating foundation for offshore wind turbines. Part I: design basis and
14 qualification process." Proceedings of 28th International Conference on
Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering, Honolulu, HI, Paper No.
OMAE2009-79229. 2009.

Hezhen Yang, Yun Zhu, Qijin Lu, Jun Zhang, Dynamic reliability based
design optimization of the tripod sub-structure of offshore wind turbines,
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Renewable Energy, Volume 78, 2015, Pages 16-25, ISSN 0960-1481,
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2014.12.061.

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 3 GAPS IN LITERATURE
1. M Karminis multi-objective design optimization scheme presents, a preliminary
optimization technique. The structural parameters like stresses, deflections, buckling,
and fatigue are incorporated partially. The author highlights that the work can be
further extended to incorporate a sensitivity analysis for structural analysis and
environmental condition. An interactive wind turbine motion along with platform
motion can be considered for fully coupled dynamics.

2. T. Ashuris work considers the optimization of the rotor and the tower of the wind
turbine, hence a substructure design and optimization is essentially to be incorporated.
The author points out that the work can be extended to incorporate structural buckling
for the blade and tower structure

4 OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT

The objective of optimization of a Tension leg platform is

1. To provide a detailed aero-hydrodynamic analysis of offshore wind turbine founded

on tension leg platform to perform hydrodynamic shape optimization.

2. To perform a detailed structural analysis of the TLP platform under aero-hydro-

structural interaction. The fatigue behavior and structural deformation shall also be
studied.

3. To propose a global multi disciplinary optimization model.

5 SCOPE
1. The TLP tendon anchorage-soil interaction shall not be studied in detail. The tendon
foundation shall not be designed.

2. The vibrations due turbulence on the TLP tendons may be included. However a
relevant paper on this is yet to be referred.

3. The rotor and the blades shall not be optimized, only loads generated due to wind
shall be transferred to tower end of the turbines. Hence energy performance
optimization is beyond scope.

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 6 METHODOLOGY
1. Identifying the location for obtaining metocean data, wind turbine and preliminary
design of TLP model for optimization.

2. Performing hydrodynamic analysis using WAMIT or ANSYS AQWA and using the
hydrodynamic results to couple with FAST aerodynamic loads and perform a time
domain dynamic analysis

3. Performing a preliminary hydrodynamic design of TLP for given Sea state.

4. Performing a detailed structural analysis

5. Define Objective function considering the structural parameters and identify design
constraints.

6. Perform global multi-objective optimization using Genetic Algorithm.

7 TIME FRAME
Review 2:- Identification of location wind turbine and TLP model. Performing
Hydrodynamic analysis and aerodynamic time domain analysis

Review 3:- Performing preliminary Hydrodynamic design of TLP for given sea state and a
structural analysis on it.

SEM IV: Identifying the objective function, design variable, design constraints. Developing a
global multi objective optimization model.