Strot Manual

SHARADA INFOTECH
User Guide for
STROT WS
Application Built for Hydraulic Design

and modeling of Water Utility Networks
Created By
Sharada InfoTech
2017 Second Edition
Version 1.2.0
SHARADA INFOTECH
Page ii
Copyright <2016> by <Sharada InfoTech>. All Rights Reserved.

SHARADA INFOTECHS
STROT WS User Guide
Sharada InfoTech
Sr. No. 12 & 25, near Lokmat Press Sinhgad Road
Pune, MH 414041
Phone 020 24616238, Email Info@sharadainfotech.co.in
www.sharadainfotech.co.in
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Document history
Version Date Drafter Description
th
1.0.0 17 Sep 2016 PRS First Edition of User Guide
th
1.1.0 05 April 2017 PRS Second Edition of User Guide
th
1.2.0 19 July 2017 PRS Third Edition of User Guide
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Table of contents
Report Notebook ...................................................................................................................................... 1
Introduction .................................................................................................................................................. 2
Overview .................................................................................................................................................... 2
Need of Hydraulic Modelling .................................................................................................................. 3
What is STROT .......................................................................................................................................... 4
Hydraulic Modelling Capabilities ........................................................................................................... 4
Water Quality Modelling Capabilities ................................................................................................... 5
Steps in using STROT .............................................................................................................................. 6
Report Notebook ...................................................................................................................................... 7
System Configuration .................................................................................................................................... 7
System Configuration ................................................................................................................................. 8
System requirements .............................................................................................................................. 8
Requirements ............................................................................................................................................. 8
Hardware Requirements ........................................................................................................................ 8
Software Requirements ......................................................................................................................... 8
Installation Steps ..................................................................................................................................... 9
Report Notebook .................................................................................................................................... 15
Quick Start Tutorial ................................................................................................................................... 16
General ..................................................................................................................................................... 16
General ..................................................................................................................................................... 16
Node Object ............................................................................................................................................. 36
Report Notebook .................................................................................................................................... 38
Network Objects ........................................................................................................................................ 39
Network Components ............................................................................................................................ 39
Node Object ............................................................................................................................................. 39
Junction .................................................................................................................................................... 39
Reservoir .................................................................................................................................................. 40
Tank .......................................................................................................................................................... 41
Link Object .............................................................................................................................................. 43
Conduit ..................................................................................................................................................... 43
Pump ......................................................................................................................................................... 45
Pattern Editor .......................................................................................................................................... 49
Controls Rules ..................................................................................................................................... 51
Simple Control ..................................................................................................................................... 51
Rule Based Control ............................................................................................................................. 52
Demand Calculator................................................................................................................................. 53
Source Quality Editor ............................................................................................................................. 56
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Demand Allocation ................................................................................................................................. 57

Report Notebook .................................................................................................................................... 58

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Application Overview ................................................................................................................................ 59

Overview .................................................................................................................................................. 59
Ribbon Control ........................................................................................................................................ 60
WDS ....................................................................................................................................................... 60
Map ........................................................................................................................................................ 66
Network ................................................................................................................................................ 68
Network Group .................................................................................................................................... 75
Demand Categories Group ................................................................................................................ 75
Pattern .................................................................................................................................................. 78
Curve ..................................................................................................................................................... 81
Result .................................................................................................................................................. 101
Map Control ........................................................................................................................................... 104
Legend Control ..................................................................................................................................... 104
Thematic Mapping ............................................................................................................................ 106
Remove Layers .................................................................................................................................. 106
Export Data ........................................................................................................................................ 107
Selection ............................................................................................................................................. 107
Status Control ....................................................................................................................................... 108
Import .................................................................................................................................................... 109
Shape File ........................................................................................................................................... 109
Xls or Xlsx or Csv file ....................................................................................................................... 111
Import inp Project ............................................................................................................................ 111
Export ..................................................................................................................................................... 112
Shape File ........................................................................................................................................... 112
Report Notebook .................................................................................................................................. 116
Analysis & Results ..................................................................................................................................... 116
Analysis and Results ............................................................................................................................... 117
Setting Analysis options ..................................................................................................................... 117
Hydraulic Options ............................................................................................................................. 118
Water Quality Options ..................................................................................................................... 119
Reaction Options .............................................................................................................................. 120
Energy Options .................................................................................................................................. 122
Analysis .................................................................................................................................................. 123
Steady State Analysis ...................................................................................................................... 123
Extended Period Analysis (EPS) .................................................................................................... 123
Water Quality Analysis .................................................................................................................... 125
Need of optimization........................................................................................................................ 128
Design Philosophy ............................................................................................................................ 128
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Head Loss Equation .......................................................................................................................... 128

Constrained Optimization Model ................................................................................................... 129

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Thematic ................................................................................................................................................ 131

Troubleshooting Results ..................................................................................................................... 140
References ................................................................................................................................................ 142
Frequently Asked Questions .................................................................................................................. 143
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Introduction
Introduction
Report Notebook
IN THIS SECTION:
Overview
Need of Hydraulic modeling
What is STROT
Hydraulic & Water Quality Capabilities
Model build Steps
Page 1

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Introduction
Overview
Introduction
Food, shelter and Water are the basic needs of human beings. For healthy life, safe water is necessary in
modern society. Hence as a public utility, water distribution network is more important due to which huge
amount of money spent every year all over the world to design, maintenance and up gradation of water
supply infrastructure. Water Distribution System (WDS) differs in complexity which depends upon service
location, demand habits, etc. In rural area WDS is very simple in nature due to its governance under
gravity and in large cities it may be computerized, remote-controlled, multisource system. However, the
aim and objective of water distribution system is to supply safe water over spatially distributed areas in
sufficient quantity and pressure. The most important factor while designing the system is cost-
effectiveness without sacrificing reliability of system design.
In general, water distribution system can be divided into four main components.
Water Sources and Intake works
Treatment works and storage
Transmission mains
Distribution network
Source of water generally classified based on extraction of raw water either from Surface Water or
ground water. Surface water sources are rivers, lakes, springs, and manmade reservoirs and Ground
Water sources are bores and wells. Raw water is extracted with the help of intake structures and
pumping stations. Some times at further downstream side raw water will be stored as an additional
storage. Sometimes due to impurities and water quality issues, raw water may need to be processed at
treatment plant which is transported through transmission mains. Treatment methodology depends upon
the raw water quality and supply water quality requirement. Depending upon the supply duration clear
water needs to be stored either at Ground Storage Reservoir (GSR) /or Elevated Storage Reservoir
(ESR). Sometimes, groundwater quality is so good that only disinfection is required before supplying to
consumers. The clear water reservoir provides a buffer for water demand variation as treatment plants
are general designed for average daily demand.
The major share of capital investment in a water supply system goes to the water conveyance and water
distribution network. Nearly 50-70% of the cost of a water supply project is used in the distribution
system; details are shown in Figure 1.
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Distribution of Cost in Water

Distribution Network
Transmission
Source
&
Modelling
Hydraulic
7%
Need of
Distribution
Treatment
70%
14%
Other
1%
Storage
8%
Figure 1: Cost distributions in Water Distribution Network
Need of Hydraulic Modelling

The cost of a water distribution network depends upon proper selection of the geometry of the network.
The selection of street layout adopted in the planning of a city is important to provide a minimum-cost
water supply system. The two most common water supply configurations of looped water supply systems
are the gridiron pattern and the ring and radial pattern; however, it is not possible to find an optimal
geometric pattern that minimizes the cost.
Engineers use different trial and error methods (Newton Raphson Method, Hardy Cross Method) and
their engineering judgment to minimize design cost. However this approach may not guarantee optimal
solution. Normally, any engineering problem will have a large number of solutions out of which few of
them are feasible and some of them are infeasible. Hence, its Engineers duty is to find out best solution
out of all feasible solution. Importance and huge cost associated with Water Distribution Networks leads
to extensive research concentrating on providing protected water supply at minimum cost and in shortest
possible route by optimization in analysis and design.
Bhave (2003) has stated that, it may be possible to have different options satisfying the hydraulic
constraints of engineering problem e.g. use of different pipe materials, different pipe sizes and different
network layouts for a water distribution network. As expected, these solutions would have different costs
and so aim would be to find the cost effective solution.
WDN also aim to provide supply of water for different purposes such as domestic and industrial
consumption, irrigation, hydropower, etc. Such a solution having minimum cost or maximum benefits is
termed, in general, as an optimal solution, and the concept of obtaining optimum solution is termed as
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optimization.

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What is STROT
STROT is a GIS based application to analyse hydraulic and water quality behaviour of the existing water
distribution network with required time scale i.e. hourly, daily, weekly and monthly. Major components of
the network system are Physical and non-physical components. A physical component contains nodes
and links. Junctions, reservoirs and tanks are modelled as Nodes. Pipe, pumps and valves are modelled
What is
STROT
as link. Non-physical components curves, patterns and controls sets.
STROT application calculates hydraulic properties and water quality modelling in physical components
for multiple time steps like
Flow, velocity of water in each pipe
Pump speed, velocity and flow from each pump
Headloss through settings of valves, in addition to flow, velocity in each valve
Pressure, head and demand at each node
Head level at each reservoir
Water level in Tank
Water quality chemical species
Water age and
Source tracing
STROT Application is a tool to get better understanding of the water distribution system in terms of
hydraulic and water quality behaviour. WDS tool has other application in analysis of distribution system
e.g. sampling program design, hydraulic model calibration, chlorine residual analysis and consumer
exposure assessment etc.
STROT also helps to decide different strategies to improve water quality within distribution system.
Few of the examples are
Altering source utilization within multiple source systems,
Altering pumping and tank filling/emptying schedules,
Use of satellite treatment, such as re-chlorination at storage tanks,
Targeted pipe cleaning and replacement.
Application is based on GIS hence it's GUI have inherited benefits of GIS. E.g. build network components
with various tools and from various file formats, set simulations for hydraulic and water quality behaviour,
Thematic mapping for animated results, data tables, various charts, contour mapping, etc.
Hydraulic Modelling Capabilities

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Following are the capabilities of Hydraulic Engine.

Places no limit on the size of the network that can be analysed

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Ability to calculate frictional Head loss using the Hazen-Williams, Darcy Weisbach, or Chezy-
Manning formulas
Have capability to Includes minor head losses for bends, fittings, etc.
Models constant or variable speed pumps
Capabilities
modelling
Hydraulic
Computes energy cost for each pump set
Have capability to models various types of valves including shut-off, check, pressure regulating,
and flow control valves
Have capability to model storage tanks of any shape and size (i.e., diameter can vary with height)
Considers multiple demand categories at nodes, each with its own pattern of time variation
Models pressure-dependent flow issuing from emitters (sprinkler heads)
Have capability of base system operation on both simple tank level or timer controls and on
complex rule-based controls.
Water Quality Modelling Capabilities

In addition to hydraulic modelling, STROT provides the following water quality modelling capabilities:
models the movement of a non-reactive tracer material through the network over time
models the movement and fate of a reactive material as it grows (e.g., a disinfection by-product)
or decays (e.g., chlorine residual) with time
models the age of water throughout a network
tracks the per cent of flow from a given node reaching all other nodes over time
models reactions both in the bulk flow and at the pipe wall

th
uses n order kinetics to model reactions in the bulk flow
uses zero or first order kinetics to model reactions at the pipe wall
accounts for mass transfer limitations when modelling pipe wall reactions
allows growth or decay reactions to proceed up to a limiting concentration
employs global reaction rate coefficients that can be modified on a pipe-by-pipe basis
allows wall reaction rate coefficients to be correlated to pipe roughness
allows for time-varying concentration or mass inputs at any location in the network
models storage tanks as being either complete mix, plug flow, or two-compartment reactors.
By employing these features, STROT can study such water quality phenomena as:
blending water from different sources
age of water throughout a system
loss of chlorine residuals

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growth of disinfection by-products

tracking contaminant propagation events.

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Steps in using STROT
One typically carries out the following steps when using STROT to model a water distribution system:
Steps in
STROT
using
Figure 2: Modelling Steps
1. Draw a network representation of your distribution system or import a basic description of the
network placed in a text file.
2. Edit the properties of objects that make up the system.
3. Describe how the system is operated
4. Select a set of analysis options
5. Run a hydraulic/water quality analysis
6. View the results of the analysis Page 6

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System
Configuration
Report Notebook
Configuration
IN THIS SECTION:
System
Hardware Configuration
Software Configuration
Database
Installation Steps
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System Configuration
System requirements
System Requirements for STROT application are as follows:
Table 1 : System Requirement
Configuration Minimum Recommended
RAM Min. required RAM for STROT is 500 MB Recommended RAM for STROT is 1 GB
Processor Dual Core CPU Intel i3 CPU
Configuration
Hard Disk Free Space 500 MB Free Space 1 GB
System
Requirements
The STROT application will work satisfactorily on system as per requirement stated below:
Hardware Requirements
To maintain the huge data and fastest retrieval of the data, the STROT application needs some storage
space and RAM. The requirements are as follows:
Table 2 : Hardware Requirement
Hardware Component Requirement
Hard Disk Drive (HDD) 1 GB OR Above
RAM 1 GB OR Above
Software Requirements
The software requirements include the external software's of which the STROT application can takes the
supportive help. Before installing the STROT Application, the machine should have the software
requirements as specified below:
Operating System Support:

The WDS Application supports following operating systems:
Table 3: Required Operating System
Operating System Operating System License
Windows 7 Service Pack 3

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Windows XP Service Pack 3

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Software Packages:
To run the WDS Application, the system must have following software package:
Table 4 : Software Package
Software Package Software Package Version
Microsoft .NET Framework 3.0 OR Above
Database Packages:
WDS works used PostgreSQL Database for storing and retrieving network and simulated results. Min
Recommended version of PostgreSQL is 9.3, which can be downloaded from
https://www.enterprisedb.com/downloads/postgres-postgresql-downloads#windows.
Configuration
Database version should be selected based on windows version.
System
Installation Steps
1. Launch Setup.exe file from given CD / Pen drive

2. STROT installation window will be appeared as shown below
Figure 3: Installation - Step 1

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3. Select Destination Folder where user would like to install STROT application using following
methods
a. Copy path from windows explorer and Paste into text box, or
b. Click on Browse button and follow the path to select destination folder
Configuration
System
Figure 5: Installation - Step 3(c)

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d. Give the shortcut to be used in start menu folder.

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Configuration
System
Figure 6: Installation - Step 3(d)
e. Click on the check box, to create shortcut on desktop.
Figure 7: Installation - Step 3(e)
f. Confirm the installation path to deploy application and Click on Install button to start setup.
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Configuration
System
g. Installation begins and extracting required files at specified installation director.
Figure 9: Installation - Step 5(a)

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Configuration
System
Figure 10: Installation - Step 5(b)
h. Setup is installing postgres on specified location.
Figure 11: Installation - Step 5(c)
4. Installation successfully completed.

a. Give Password as postgres on the pg_restore.exe and press enter.
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Figure 12: Installation - Step 6(a)
Configuration
b. Click on finish to exit the Setup.
System
Figure 13: Installation - Step 6(b)
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Quick Start Tutorial
Report Notebook
IN THIS SECTION:
Network Objects
Quick Start
Curves
Tutorial
Pattern
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Quick Start Tutorial
General
This chapter helps user to understand important features of STROT-WS and overall simulation process.
If user would like to understand detailed components before starting tutorial, refer chapter 4 and
chapter 5.
Figure 14 provides pictorial view of main components utilized in STROT-WS for creating models.
STROT
Physical Components Non Physical Components
Node Link Curves
Quick Start
Tutorial
Pattern
Junction Pipe
Control rules
Reservoir Pump
Tank Valve
Figure 14: Main Components of STROT-WS
General
In this tutorial we will analyse the simple distribution network shown in Figure 2.1 below. It consists of a
source reservoir (e.g., a treatment plant clear well) from which water is pumped into a two-loop pipe
network. There is also a pipe leading to a storage tank that floats on the system. The ID labels for the
various components are shown in the figure. The nodes in the network have the characteristics shown in
Table 2.1. Pipe properties are listed in Table 2.2. In addition, the pump (Link 9) can deliver 150 ft of head
at a flow of 600 gpm, and the tank (Node 8) has a 60-ft diameter, a 3.5-ft water level, and a maximum
level of 20 feet.
In this tutorial we will analyse simple distribution network as shown in Figure 15.
Source Reservoir Ground storage tank which stores treated water received from treatment
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plant
Pump Delivers water to network and storage tank
General Purpose Valve Controls the flow from pump as well as avoid backwater.

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Elevated Storage Reservoir (ESR) Stores excess water delivered from pump and utilize during
pump switch-off period or high demand requirement
Quick Start
Tutorial
Figure 15: Example 1 Layout
Elevated Storage Reservoir (ESR) Stores excess water delivered from pump and utilize during pump
switch-off period or high demand requirement
Node Table
Network Table - Nodes at 0:00 Hrs
Node ID Elevation (m) Base Demand (LPS)

R1 50 #N/A
J2 50 0
J3 50 0
Tank4 60 #N/A
J5 55 5
J6 55.8 1
J7 58 0.5
J8 57 3
J9 57 0
J10 56 1.8
J11 54 2.5
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J12 52 2.25
J13 53 1.6

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Link Table
Network Table - Links at 0:00 Hrs
Link ID Length (m) Diameter (mm) Roughness

P1 1 150 130
Pump2 #N/A #N/A #N/A
P3 1 250 130
P4 10 150 130
P5 10 200 130
P6 10 150 130
P7 10 100 130
P8 10 150 130
P9 10 100 130
P10 10 200 130
P11 10 200 130
Quick Start
P12 10 100 130
Tutorial
P13 10 100 130
P14 10 100 130
Creating new Project

New project can be created by clicking on New of WDSMenu.
Give login details

1. Give IP address of Server as ServerName/Local host name.
2. Give port number.
3. Give Username as postgres.
4. Give Password as postgres.
5. Click on test Connection to know whether connection to postgres is successful or not.
6. Give the path name where the files to be stored in result log.
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7. Click on login.

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Quick Start
Tutorial
Give project details
1. Give the name of project.
2. Give project description.
3. Give creators name.
4. Click on ok.
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Logging on
In this we have given step by step procedure to open the application.
Click on open of WDS menu as shown below.
Give login details

1. Give IP address of Server as Server Name/Local host name.
2. Give port number.
3. Give Uername as postgres.
Quick Start
4. Give Password as postgres.
Tutorial
5. Click on test Connection to know whether connection to postgres is successful or not.
6. Select the database from select database drop down.
7. Give the path name where the files to be stored in result log.
8. Click on login.
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To create a new network right click on Network Group and click on Create Network.

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To open a network right click on the network name and click on open.
Drawing Network
Network can be drawn on map control using Edit Network present in map.
Go to Map >> StartEdit >> EditNetwork.
Node can be added using AddNode Submenu.Go to Map >> StartEdit >> EditNetwork >>
AddNode.
1. Junction is added on the network by clicking on AddNode , then select a point on map
control where junction has to be added , selecting a point on map reflects x-y coordinates
then select the NodeType as Junction from AddNode window and give junction properties.
2. Reservoir is added on the network by clicking on AddNode , then select a point on map
control where reservoir has to be added , selecting a point on map reflects x-y coordinates
then select the NodeType as reservoir from AddNode window and give properties of
Quick Start
Tutorial
reservoir.
3. Tank is added on the network by clicking on AddNode , then select a point on map
control where tank has to be added , selecting a point on map reflects x-y coordinates
then select the NodeType as tank from AddNode window and then give properties of tank.
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4. Properties of node can be updated using UpdateProperties.To Update node go to Map >>
StartEdit >> EditNetwork >> UpdateProperties. Update properties helps to update the
properties of objects .Click on update properties then select Node from legend control then
click on node that is to be updated and provide required properties .
Quick Start
Tutorial
Link can be added using AddLink Submenu.Go to Map >> StartEdit >> EditNetwork >>
AddLink.
1. Pipe is added on the network by clicking on AddLink , then select the nodes on which pipe
has to be added , this reflects x-y coordinates, then select the LinkType as Pipe from
AddLink window and give properties of Pipe.
2. Pump is added on the network by clicking on AddLink , then select the nodes on which
Pump has to be added , this reflects x-y coordinates, then select the LinkType as Pump
from AddLink window and give properties of Pump.
3. Valve is added on the network by clicking on AddLink , then select the nodes on which
valve has to be added , this reflects x-y coordinates, then select the LinkType as Valve
from AddLink window and give properties of Valve.
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4. Properties of link can be updated using UpdateProperties.To Update link go to Map >>
Quick Start
StartEdit >> EditNetwork >> UpdateProperties. Update properties helps to update the
Tutorial
properties of objects .Click on update properties then select Link from legend control then
click on Link which is needed to be updated and provide required properties.
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Vertex can be added using AddVertex.Go to Map >> StartEdit >> EditNetwork >>
AddVertex.Vertex is added on link after clicking on AddVertex and then clicking at a particular
position on link where vertex has to be added.
Quick Start
Tutorial
AddCurve
Curve can be added using DrawCurve. Go to Network >> DrawCurve.
Curves are of three types
1. Single-point curve
2. Three-point curve
3. Multi-point curve
To draw three point curve, values of x-axis must be in increasing order starting with 0 and values
of y-axis must be in decreasing order.
Click on DrawCurve >> provide the name for curve >> provide description >> select curve
category >> select curve type >> click on save.
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Quick Start
Tutorial
Add Pattern
Pattern is non-physical component of network.
Pattern can be created using Pattern submenu of Network.Go to Network >> Pattern.
Click on Pattern >> provide pattern name >> Provide description >> select pattern categories
>> change the multiplier values if needed >> click on ok.
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Quick Start
Tutorial
Add Control
Controls are the conditions applied on links present in the network.
Simple Control
1. Simple controls are controls which involve only one condition in it.
2. Go to Network >> Simple Control.
3. Give simple control name >> Select Link name >>Select status of link >>Select
attribute >> Select NodeID >> Select Above/Below >> Enter value. Page 26

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Quick Start
Tutorial
Rule-Based Control
1. Rule based controls are controls having multiple conditions applied on single link or multiple
links.
2. Go to Network >> Rule-Based control.
3. Give Rule-Based control name >> Give Rule-ID >> Give Priority >> Add IF Statement >>
Add THEN action >> Add ELSE action >> Click on Save.
4. Multiple conditions and actions can also be mentioned in Rule-Based controls by clicking on
Add again and selecting the operator.
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Quick Start
Tutorial
Run Steady State Analysis
Go to Simulation >> Click on Simulation .
Give name for simulation >> Select the network on which simulation has to be done >>
Select the Demand Pattern >> Select the controls >> Select Analysis Type as Steady state
>> Click on Simulation Options.
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Quick Start
Tutorial
In Simulation options window ,Select the Flow Units in Hydraulics as LPS >> Click on Times >>
Give the Total Duration as 24 >> Click on ok >> Click on Simulate Now.
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View Table
To view Node Result go to Result >> Node Table
To view Link Result go to Result >> Link Table
Quick Start
Tutorial
Run EPS
Go to Simulation >> Click on Simulation >> Give name for simulation >> Select the network
on which simulation has to be done >> Select the Demand Pattern >> Select the controls >>
Select Analysis Type as EPS Simulation >> Give start date and time >> Give end date and
time >> Click on Simulation Options.
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Quick Start
Tutorial
View Results
Results can be viewed from Result menu.

Go to Result >> Click on Graph . Graph selection window is seen as shown below.
To view graph Select Chart Type >> Select the object type >> Select parameter >> Select
the objects from object selection >> Click on plot.
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Quick Start
Tutorial
Time series graph for node
1. Select Chart Type as Time Series Plot >> Select the object type as node >> Select
parameter as Head >> Select the node from object selection >> Click on plot.
2. Time series graph for Node J10 plotted with Head as a parameter is shown below.
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3. Time series graph for Node Tank4 plotted with Head as a parameter is shown below.
Quick Start
Tutorial
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Time series graph for Link
1. Select Chart Type as Time Series Plot >> Select the object type as link >> Select
parameter as Flow >> Select the link from list of object selection >> Click on plot.
2. Time series graph for Link P13 plotted with Flow as a parameter is shown below.
Quick Start
Tutorial
3. Time series graph for Link Pump2 plotted with Flow as a parameter is shown below.
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Draw Contour
View Animated Results
Add Quality Parameter
Run Water Quality
Go to Simulation >> Click on Simulation >> Give name for simulation >> Select the network
on which simulation has to be done >> Select the Demand Pattern >> Select the controls >>
Select Analysis Type as Water Quality >> Click on Simulation Options.
Quick Start
Tutorial
View Results
View Table
To view Node Table Go to Result >> Node Table
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Quick Start
Tutorial
To view Link Table Go to Result >> Link Table
Node Object
Representation of node objects in network model:
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Quick Start
Tutorial
Page 37

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Water Distribution
System Components
Report Notebook
IN THIS SECTION:
Network Objects
Network
Objects
Curves
Pattern
Controls
Demand Calculator
Source Quality
Demand Allocation
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Network Objects
Network Components
STROT models a water distribution system as a collection of links connected to nodes. The link represents
pipes, pumps, and control valves. The node represents junctions, tanks, and reservoirs. The figure below
illustrates how these objects can be connected to one another to form a network.
Node Object
Representation of node objects in network model:
1. Junction
2. Reservoir
3. Storage Tank
Network
Objects
Junction
Junction is points in the network where links join together and where water enters or leaves the network.
The basic input data required for junctions are:
elevation
water demand
initial water quality
The output results computed for junctions are
hydraulic head
pressure
water quality
Junctions can also:
have multiple categories of demands assigned to them
have negative demands indicating that water is entering the network

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be water quality sources where constituents enter the network
contain emitters (or sprinklers) which make the outflow rate depend on the pressure

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Table 5: Junction Properties
Property Description
This is required property for junction and represent through unique number. No
ID
characters allowed in this field
X-Coordinate It is location property and required to display on map.
Y-Coordinate It is location property and required to display on map.
This an optional property to describe or add any other significant information

Description
about Junction
Tag This is an optional value assign to junction to categorization
Elevation is in meters above some temporary / permanent reference point. This

Elevation is an required property of junction and which helps to compute pressure at the
junction however doesn't impact on any other computed quantity.
It is a required property while computing quantity. It is average or nominal

Base Demand demand for water by the consumer assigned to respective junction.
Base demand can be set as an external source of flow by giving negative value.
Properties
Junction
Assign ID for time pattern of demand. It contains the fraction of 1 for predefined
Demand Pattern time steps which helps engine to calculate demand value at particular time while
simulating analysis.
Number of different categories of water users defined for the junction. Click the
Demand ellipsis button (or hit the Enter key) to bring up a special Demands Editor which
Categories will let you assigns base demands and time patterns to multiple categories of
users at the junction. Ignore if only a single demand category will suffice.
It is coefficient of discharge for emitter i.e. sprinklers or nozzles placed at

Emitter
junction. Coefficient represents the flow which occurs at a pressure drop of 1 psi
Coefficient
(meters). In absence of emitter, emitter coefficient value kept blank.
It is required value if water quality analysis is being made. It is value of water

Initial Quality
quality at the junction before starting of the simulation.
Source Quality Quality of any water entering the network at this location.
Reservoir
Reservoirs are nodes that represent an infinite external source or sink of water to the network. They are
used to model such things as lakes, rivers, groundwater aquifers, and tie-ins to other systems. Reservoirs
can also serve as water quality source points.
Page 40
The primary input properties for a reservoir are its hydraulic head and initial water quality. Because a
reservoir is a boundary point to a network, its head and water quality cannot be affected by what happens
within the network. Therefore it has no computed output properties. However its head can be made to vary

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with time by assigning a time pattern to it.
Table 6: Reservoir Properties
This is required property for reservoir and represent through unique number.
ID
No characters allowed in this field.
X-Coordinate It is location property and important to display on map.
Y-Coordinate It is location property and important to display on map.
This optional property to describe or add any other significant information

Description
about reservoir.
Tag This is an optional value assign to reservoir for categorization.
The hydraulic head (elevation + pressure head) of water in the reservoir in

Total Head
meters. This is a required property.
It is a required property while computing quantity. It is average or nominal

demand for water by the consumer assigned to respective junction.
Properties
Reservoir
Base demand can be set as an external source of flow by giving negative
Head Pattern value.
The ID label of a time pattern used to model time variation in the reservoir's
head. Leave blank if none applies. This property is useful if the reservoir
represents a tie-in to another system whose pressure varies with time.
Required for Water quality analysis. It is the water quality value before
Initial Quality
commencement of water quality simulation.
It represents the quality of source at junction before entering into the

Source Quality
distribution system.
Tank
Tanks are nodes with storage capacity, where the volume of stored water can vary with time during a
simulation.
The primary input properties for tanks are:
bottom elevation
diameter (or shape if non-cylindrical)
initial, minimum and maximum water levels
initial water quality

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The principal computed outputs are:
total head (water surface elevation)
water quality

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Tanks are required to operate within their minimum and maximum levels. STROT stops outflow if a tank is
at its minimum level and stops inflow if it is at its maximum level. Tanks can also serve as water quality
source points.
Table 7: Tank Properties
Tank ID It is index number of Tank. This value should be unique.
X-Coordinate This is the X Coordinates of the Tank location on the ground.
Y-Coordinate This is the Y Coordinates of the Tank location on the ground.
Description This property can be used to add additional important information about Tank.
Tag This property is an optional property and used for categorization
This is the elevation of bottom of tank in meters above some common

Elevation
reference point i.e. Datum.
This is the required property for simulation. It represents the water level in the
Initial Level tank from bottom of the tank at initial stage before commencement of
simulation.
Properties
Tank
This is the minimum water level need to be maintained above the bottom of
Minimum Level elevation of tank. While simulation water level will not allow dropping beyond
this level.
This is the maximum level of water can be maintained within tank and
Maximum Level measured from bottom of tank. While simulation, water level is not allowed to
increase beyond this point.
This is the diameter of the tank in meters.

Diameter computation will be different for different shape of the tank.
Shape Diameter
Diameter Cylindrical Dia. of Tank
1.128 times of square root of cross-

Rectangular/Square
sectional area.
This is mandatory field.
It represents the volume of water in the tank at minimum level in cubic meter.
Minimum
This property will be useful to define bottom geography of non-cylindrical tank
Volume
in the absence of full volume versus depth curve.
Reference ID of curves defined in Curve design shows the relation between

Volume Curve volume of tank to water level.
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Absence of value considered as cylindrical shape of tank.
Following models are supported for water quality analysis within Tank only.
Mixing Model
MIXED (fully mixed)

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2COMP (two-compartment mixing)
FIFO (first-in0first-out plug flow)
LIFO (last-in-first-out plug flow)
If 2COMP mixing model is selected then this is the fraction of tank's total
Mixing Fraction volume which indicates inlet-outlet compartment of the 2COMP. For other
models this value left blank.
This is the bulk reaction coefficient reaction in the tank and unit is per days.
Reaction
Positive value indicates growth in reaction and negative indicates decay.
Coefficient
Global Bulk Coefficient will override this value.
Required property for water quality analysis. This value indicates the initial
Initial Quality
quality of the water in tank before commencement of simulation.
It represents the quality of source at junction before entering into the

Source Quality
distribution system.
Link Objects
Link Object
Representation of link objects in network model:
1. Conduit
2. Pump
3. Valve
Conduit
Pipes are links that convey water from one point in the network to another. STROT assumes that all pipes
are full at all times. Flow direction is from the end at higher hydraulic head (internal energy per weight of
water) to that at lower head.
The principal hydraulic input parameters for pipes are:
Start and end nodes
Diameter
Length
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Roughness coefficient (for determining headloss)
Status (open, closed, or contains a check valve)

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The status parameter allows pipes to implicitly contain shut-off (gate) valves and check (non-return) valves
(which allow flow in only one direction).
The water quality inputs for pipes consist of:

o Bulk reaction coefficient
o Wall reaction coefficient
A computed output for pipes includes:
Flow rate
Velocity
Headloss
Darcy-Weisbach friction factor
Average reaction rate (over the pipe length)
Average water quality (over the pipe length)
Properties
Conduit
The hydraulic head lost by water flowing in a pipe due to friction with the pipe walls can be computed using
one of three different formulas:
Hazen-Williams formula
Darcy-Weisbach formula
Chezy-Manning formula
Table 8: Conduit Properties
Pipe ID It is unique number represents the Id of link Object.
Object type defines the object of link.

0 - Pipe
Object Type
1 - Pump
2 - Valve
Start Node indicates that links start point is connected to this node. Mandatory
Start Node
property
End Node indicates that links end point is connected to this node. Mandatory
End Node
property
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Tag This property is an optional property and used for categorization e.g. Establishment

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Year of Pipe, Pipe Material, etc.
Length Total length of pipe on ground in meters.
Diameter Inner diameter of pipe in mm.
This property represents the roughness coefficient of the pipe. In Hazen-Williams /

Roughness Chezy-Manning it doesn't have any unit however for Darcy-Weisbach roughness
coefficient has a unit of mm in MKS system and milli feet in FPS system.
Loss This is Minor loss coefficient. This is used to incorporate bends, fittings, etc. If this
Coefficient property kept blank then assumed as 0.
This property indicates the initial status of pipe i.e. Open, Closed or contains check
Initial Status valve. In case of check valve the direction of flow always from start node to end
node.
This is the bulk reaction coefficient reaction for pipe and unit is per days.
Bulk
Coefficient
Properties
This is the bulk reaction coefficient reaction for pipe and unit is per days.
Conduit
Pump
Wall
Coefficient
Pump
Pumps are links that impart energy to a fluid thereby raising its hydraulic head. The principal input
parameters for a pump are its start and end nodes and its pump curve (the combination of heads and flows
that the pump can produce).
The principal output parameters are flow and head again. Flow through a pump is unidirectional and
STROT will not allow to operate outside the range of its pump curve.
As with pipes, pumps can be turned on and off at pre-set times or when certain conditions exist in the
network. A pump's operation can also be described by assigning it a time pattern of relative speed settings.
STROT can also compute the energy consumption and cost of a pump. Each pump can be assigned an
efficiency curve and schedule of energy prices. If these are not supplied then a set of global energy options
will be used.
Table 9: Pump Properties
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Pump ID It is unique number represents the Id of link Object.
Object Type Object type defines the object of link.

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0 Pipe
1- Pump
2 Valve
Start Node Start Node indicates that link's start point is connected to this node.
End Node End Node indicates that link's end point is connected to this node.
This property is an optional property and used for categorization e.g.

Tag
Establishment Year of Pipe, Pipe Material, etc.
Id mentioned in this field pointing to curve defined in Curve Group. Curve defines
Pump Curve the relationship between the head delivered by pump and the flow through the
pump. For constant energy pump this field keep left blank.
This property indicates the power supplied by pump and unit is kW. Pump
Power worked on same energy defined here irrespective of flow as output at outlet.
This property needs to be defined in absence of pump curve.
Properties
This property indicates the relative speed of the pump (unit-less).
Pump
Speed E.g. Speed settings 1.2 indicates that rotational speed of the pump is 20% higher
than the normal setting.
This pattern defines the time of pump operation with speed as multiplier.
Pattern Multiplier value 0 indicates pump will be shut off at respective time period. Blank
value doesn't not apply default pattern for pump.
Initial Status This property defines the state of the pump before commencement of simulation.
ID mentioned in the field pointing to curved defined in curve group to represent

the pump's wire-to-water efficiency (%) as a function of flow rate. This curve
information will be applicable only while computing energy usage during
Efficiency Curve
simulation.
This curve will be override if global pump efficiency defined in energy options.
Energy computations will not be done in case of blank.
This is the price of electricity for units per kW-Hr. This will be useful while
Energy Price computing cost of energy usage. Blank value doesn't compute energy charges.
This value will be override in case of mentioned in Energy Option.
This property applicable in case of variable energy price is available throughout

Price Pattern
the day.
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Valve
Valves are links that limits the pressure or flow at a specific point in the network. Their principal input
parameters include:
Start and end nodes
Diameter
Settings
Status
The computed output for a valve is flow rate and headloss. The different types of valves included in STROT
are:
Pressure Reducing Valve (PRV)
Pressure Sustaining Valve (PSV)
Pressure Breaker Valve (PBV)
Flow Control Valve (FCV)
Properties
Network
Objects
Valve
Throttle Control Valve (TCV)
General Purpose Valve (GPV)
Table 10: Valve Properties
Valve ID It is unique number represents the Id of link Object.
Object type defines the object of link.
Object Type 0 - Pipe

1 - Pump
2 Valve
Start Node Start Node indicates that link's start point is connected to this node.
End Node End Node indicates that link's end point is connected to this node.
This property is an optional property and used for categorization e.g. based on
Tag
valve type and location, Establishment Year of Valve, Pipe Material, etc.
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Diameter Inner diameter of pipe in mm.
Following valve types are supported

Valve Type
PRV

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PSV
PBV
FCV
TCV
GPV
Settings parameter is different based on valve type. Following table shows the
parameter settings for each type of valve and its unit.
Valve Type Setting Parameter
Setting PRV, PSV, PBV Pressure (m)
FCV Flow (Flow Unit)
TCV Loss Coefficients(unit less)
GPV ID of Head loss Curve
This is minor loss coefficient applies when valve is completely opened.
Curve Editor
Loss Coefficient
What happened in case valve is partially opened?
Status indicates the status of valve is open or closed. If this value mentioned in
this field then control rules can't be override this property. However, if not
Fixed Status
mentioned then behaviour of valve controlled by control rule set defined in
control group.
Curve Editor
Non-Visual objects Curves, Time Patterns and Controls have special editors in STROT that are used to
define their properties. To edit one of these objects, select object from Network Tab.
To create curve definition for different curve types following information to be filled up:
Table 11: Curve Editor Properties
Item Description
Curve ID Unique number defines the ID of the curve.
Description should give some brief and important information about the curve
Description
and its intended use in further analysis.
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Item Description
Type of Curve:
1. Volume - Typically used in Tank to describe height v/s volume
Curve Type relationship
2. Pump -
3. Efficiency -
4. Head-loss -
X-Y Data This value defines the curve for interested curve type.
When user start filling X-Y data, in preview window, chart is displayed for current values. For single and
three point curve, equation is redrawn and displayed in equation box. Values put in Curve editor dialog box
will be validated after clicked on OK button and stored in database. If user click on cancel dialog box will
close and lost all values put in curve editor dialog box.
Patterns
Figure 16: Curve Property Window
Pattern Editor
Time Pattern
To create pattern definition for some intended purpose, following information should be filled up.
Table 12: Pattern Properties

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Item Description
Pattern ID Unique number for Pattern

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Item Description
Description should give some brief and important information about the pattern
Description
and its intended use in further analysis.
Pattern
contain Time period and multiplier values
Parameter
As Pattern parameters entered, the preview is redrawn to provide a visual depiction of the pattern. If you
reach the end after entering all Time Period and Multiplier values, simply hit the Enter Key. It will generate
Pattern Preview and after clicking on OK button pattern will be successfully added. Cancel button will close
the dialog box without storing information to the database.
Pattern
Figure 17: Pattern Properties

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Controls Editor
Controls Rules
The Control Rule non-physical component has editor window for both simple and rule-based controls. To
work on both the controls, menu item is provided in Network Tab. Once you generate any control rule, it will
be added in Controls branch of Project control. In future on any control rule you can perform New, Open,
Import, Export, Properties, Copy, Paste, Delete operations.
The Controls Editor, shown in Figure 18, is a text editor window used to edit both simple and rule-based
controls.
Simple Control
Simple controls change the status or settings of a link based on:
the water level in a tank
the pressure at a junction
the time into the simulation

the time of day
Controls
Following are the properties for Simple Control. After entering all the fields of simple control save the
control. Newly generated control added in Control branch of Project Control.
Table 13: Simple Control Properties
Select Link ID Select Link ID from list

Select Status Select Link status i.e. OPEN, CLOSED
Select one attribute from following three options
- IF NODE
Select Attribute
- AT TIME
- AT CLOCKTIME
Select Node ID After selecting IF NODE attribute, select Node ID from list
Select Above/ Below Select Above or Below
Value
Select AM/PM After selecting AT CLOCKTIME attribute, select AM or PM
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Rule Based
Controls
Figure 18: Control Editor
Rule Based Control

Rule-Based Controls allow link status and settings to be based on a combination of conditions that might
exist in network after an initial hydraulic state of the system is computed.
Following are the properties for rule-based control. After entering all values save the rule. Newly generated
rule is added under control branch of Project control.
Table 14: Rule Based Control Properties
Rule ID A unique number for rule
Priority Select one priority out of 5
IF Conditions Generate condition statement after clicking ADD button
THEN Actions Set parameters by clicking ADD button. Generates rule statement
ELSE Actions Set parameters by clicking ADD button. Generates rule statement
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Calculator
Demand
Figure 19: Control Window
Demand Calculator
Demand Editor
Demand editor dialogue box shown in below used to assign multiple demands of different categories and
different time patterns. Application has some pre-defined categories as per CPHEEO Manual and base
demand which can be used to assign demand.
Editor contains five different columns
Table 15: Demand Calculator Properties Table
Select predefined demand categories / create custom demand categories

Demand Categories
as per users choice
Demand / unit as per CPEEO manual. User can add different demands/ unit
under custom demand categories. (This value shows automatically and
Demand Unit
cant change in Demand Editor. User needs to create custom demand
categories and change the values as per choice.)
Total units help to calculate total base demand / average demand per day.
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Total Units Generally total population is assigned while calculating total demand.
However, based on demand categories total units definition will changed.

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Base Demand This value calculates automatically based on Demand / Unit and total units.
Each demand categories demand requirement different at different time

Time Pattern intervals. Hence user can choose different time pattern for each demand
categories.
Calculator
Demand
Figure 20: Demand Calculator Window
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Calculator
Demand
Figure 21: Pre Defined Demand
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Source Quality Editor

Source Quality Editor is used to define source quality of flow entering into the network at a specified node.
This source may represent the water quality at treatment plant, well head or water quality at tank. Following
fields needs to be filled to represent the source quality at source node.
Table 16: Source Quality Editor Properties Table
Source Type Following source types are represented

- Concentration
- Mass Booster
- Flow Paced Booster
- Set point Booster
Source Quality Baseline or average concentration (or mass flow rate per minute) of source
leave blank to remove the source
Quality Pattern ID label of time pattern used to make source quality vary with time leave
blank if not applicable
Source
Quality
Source Editor is used to assign water quality as a concentration or booster source in distribution network.
A concentration source fixes the concentration of any external inflow entering the network, such as flow
from a reservoir or from a negative demand placed at a junction.
A mass booster source adds a fixed mass flow to that entering the node from other points in the network.
A flow paced booster source adds a fixed concentration to that resulting from the mixing of all inflow to
the node from other points in the network.
A set point booster source fixes the concentration of any flow leaving the node (as long as the
concentration resulting from all inflow to the node is below the set point).
The concentration-type source is best used for nodes that represent source water supplies or treatment
works (e.g. reservoirs or nodes assigned a negative demand). The booster-type source is best used to
model direct injection of a tracer or additional disinfectant into the network or to model a contaminant
intrusion.
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Demand Allocation
Demand Allocation tool helps in assigning demand based on density map.
Import Population Density Map field used to select density map for assigning population and ultimately
demand to selected node. Predefined Selection List can be selected from Selection List box. Thiessen
polygon will be created using selection list and act as a cutter for density map. Summed up cutted area and
using density, total population will be assigned to node within thissen polygon and results will be displayed
back into output result table. Demand Categories will define demand per person which helps to calculate
total demand at node.
Allocation
Demand
Figure 22: Demand Allocation Properties Window

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Application
Overview
Report Notebook
IN THIS SECTION:
Application Ribbon Menu
Network Components
Simulation & Results
Application Controls
Application
Overview
o Map Control
o Project Control
o Legend Control
o Curve
o Pattern
o Controls
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o Status Control
o Import / Export

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Application Overview
Overview
STORT application interface are showed below which contains 5 major controls which are
Ribbon Control Ribbon primarily holds all major menu controls of STROT application
Map Control This control helps user to display Distribution Network with GIS capabilities.
Project Control This control gives the overview of projects related objects and gives better
overview of object & its dependencies.
Legend Control This control is used to control thematic and labels of Map Control. It will help to
control displays and labelling properties of Map as per user's choice.
Status Control This control shows current actions and display warnings to user, cursor
coordinates.
Output Window This control displays the simulation output, Validation output, etc.
Application
Overview
Figure 23: Application Overview

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Ribbon Control
Ribbon Control contains different tabs for specific purposes and holds various menus which belong to
specific purposes / actions. Following are the list of major Tabs and its purpose along with sub menu items.
Project
This is primarily an Orb Menu which will help to choose project related activities which includes creation of
new project, opening existing projects, print activities, Options settings, etc.
Table 17: Project Menu
Tabs Item Description

New To create new Project
Open To open existing project
Close To close current project
Import Network To import existing network and merge into current Project
Export Network To export current network
Page Setup To menu helps in settings up page
Page Preview This menu will help to view preview
Print To Print the current windows e.g. Map, Tables, etc.
Project Details To view current project details
Options This menu will assist user to sets user defined settings
Exit Application To close the application.
Ribbon Menu
Project
WDS
WDS menu contains commands for creating, opening and referring help tutorial.
Figure 24: WDS Menu
Table 18: WDS Menu

Menu Item Description
New To create new Project
Open To open existing project

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Help Presents a short tutorial introducing the user to WDS

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View
The View menu contains commands to show how the network map views.
Figure 25: View Menu
Table 19: View Menu Properties

Navi
Measure
Measures distance and area with different dimension as per user gati
choice on
Pan Panning across the network area
Navig
Zoom In Zoom-In on the map ation
Zoom Out Zooms out in the map tool is
Deselect Deselects specific/precise map area show
Select Selects specific/precise map area n
Zoom Previous Zoom to previously selected area below
Ribbon
View
Full Extent Views original map .
Project
SQL Query Search for item on the map that meets specific criteria
Menu
Ribbon
Search Locates a specific item on the map
Menu
U/S Trace Draw U/S trace from selected node/link by user
D/S Trace Draw D/S trace from selected node/link by user
Clear Trace Clears all U/S and D/S Trace
Figure 26: Navigation Menu
Navigation consists of Measure, Pan, Zoom In, Zoom Out, Deselect, Select, Zoom Previous, and Full
Extend.
Measure - measure a distance between two points in network, Also user can convert that distance
from one unit to another unit like meter to kilometre. Also user can measure an area in square meter
and square kilometre.
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Figure 27: Measure Distance Dialog Box
Pan - adjust a view of the network in network window it move a network to all direction
Zoom In - Zoom in zoom the map inside i.e. create a large view of map
Zoom Out - Zoom out zoom the map out side i.e. it minimize a map view
Select - Select option used to select a particular area or object in network map
Deselect - Deselect option deselect a selected object or network map area
Zoom previous - Zoom previous is used to zoom the previously zoom in or zoom out status of object
Full Extend - Full extend option create an original view of map in network map window
Query
Query operation is used to find a particular object in network. It has two options to find particular network
MEasure
object
SQL Query
User first need to select any of the layer i.e. node or link to perform a particular query operation. After that
query window opens as shown in Figure 28.
After that user gives a query to system, it gives a result of query.
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Figure 28: SQL Editor
SQL Editor
Query operation is used to see a particular object on network map.
1. SQL Query- Use of SQL queries user first need to select any of the layers that is node or link to
perform a particular query operation. After that query window open as shown in Figure 28
Figure 29: Legend Control

2. After user gives a query to system and system gives a result for that query as shown below.
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Figure 30 SQL Editor
SQL Search
Figure 31: Highlight Object using SQL Editor
Trace
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Trace is used to see a Upstream and Downstream trace in Network map at particular node point. Upstream
trace is shown in blue colour, and downstream tress is in Red colour. Clear all trace clear the trace selected

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by user.
Figure 32: Application Window Figure 33: Trace Window
Search
Search option used to search a particular object from network and create a selection list of selected object
for next time use. When user select an object that object is colour change in network map.
How a
search
U/S & D/S

work and
Search
Trace
selection
result
reflects in
network
map is
shown
below.
Figure 34: Search Window
Search option allows you to search a particular object from network and creates a selection list of selected
object. When user selects an object that object will be displayed on the network map with the help of colour
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indicator. The following figure shows the search work and selection result reflect in network map.

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Figure 35: Search Object on Map Window
Map
Using MAP menu you can manipulate network map to enhance visualization of the system being modelled.
The Map menu contains commands for all map operations.
Map Ribbon
Menu
Figure 36: Map Ribbon Menu
Table 20: Map Ribbon Menu
Vector Open vector layer e.g. shape file at background for reference
Raster Open raster layer e.g. tiff image at background for reference
Label Labels the network components
Clear All Labels Clears all the labels given in network
Import Imports network data or map from a file
Export Exports network data or map to a file
Identify Identifies the network component

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Set-Projection
Select projection system for current project
System

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Start Edit Enables all edit options for network
Select pre-configured web map service as mentioned below
- Bing Aerial Map
- Bing Hybrid
- Bing Road
WMS Select
predefined WMS - Open street map
service
- Map Quest Aerial
- Map Quest
- Map Quest Roads & Labels
- Steman Terrain
Following dialog box helps to configure any other web map service as per their
choice and license terms
Map Ribbon
Menu
WMS Settings
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Figure 37: WMS Settings Dialog

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Network
The Network menu has various commands which provide all the information of physical components of
network in tabular format. This menu also has options to edit non-visual components using their editors.
Figure 38: Network Ribbon Menu
Table 21: Network Ribbon Menu
Node Table Shows node information for current distribution network
Link Table Shows link information for current distribution network
Control - Simple Create rule Statement using Simple Control
Control Rule Create Complex nature of controls using Rule Based controls just like If Else
Based Statements.
Draw Curve Assist in creating different types of Curves as per users choice
Map Ribbon
Pattern Assist in creating different types of Patterns as per users choice
Menu
Options
Help in storing user defined hydraulics settings for future simulations
(Hydraulics)
Demand
Helps in assigning demand based on ward and density map within network area
Allocation
Demand
Help user to add as many predefined demands at respective demand junction
Calculator
Validation Check Validates properties of all objects which contributes into hydraulic
assessment/simulation
Network Provides summary information about network which includes statistical information
Summary about object, statistical representation , etc.
Network Helps in identifying common and uncommon information between 2 different

Comparison network
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View Table
Node Table:
The Node Table of the network can be viewed by following steps:
1. Open the network of which the node table needs to be shown.
1. Select Node Table option in menu ribbon control.
Figure 39: Node Properties Table
2. The Node Table gives the detailed description of nodes for opened Network Map.
Link Table:
Ribbon
The Link Table of the network can be viewed by following steps:
Network
Tables
1. Open the network of which the link table needs to be shown.
2. Select Link Table option in menu ribbon control.
Tabs
Figure 40: Conduit Properties Table
3. The Link Table gives the detailed description of nodes for opened Network Map.
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Network Summary
Network Summary generates statistics for quick information to get overview of distribution network. It gives
number of physical objects Nodes & Links, Junctions, Reservoirs, Tank, Pipe, Pumps and Valves.
Key Statistical information will get using Network Summary

No of Physical Objects (nodes/pipes)
Total Pipe length
No. of Tanks
Demand Junctions
Total Demand
Summary
Network
Figure 41: Network Summary
Network Validation
Network Validation is important tool to validate the hydraulic model prior to simulation to avoid further errors
during simulation. With this help, user can check during model making or while updating network
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continuously and rectify the errors.

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Network Validation
Click on ribbon under Network, under Validation panel, select Check button to begin validation of current
network,
Below Figure 42 shows sample validation result.
Figure 42: Network Validation Result
Network Comparison
Network comparison tool primarily used to check differences between two models. This will assist user to
make.
In Network Comparison window, Network 1 field is primary Network during comparison.
Comparison
Network
Figure 43: Compare Network

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Comparison
Network
Figure 44: Network Comparison Output
Log in
Log in window is used to get access to STROT WS application. This gives security from protecting
unauthorised access and modification. User can create number of login credentials using pgAdmin
Application (recommended version 4). Refer (https://www.pgadmin.org/) for further details
Login Window contains fields as show in Figure 45 which are described below.
0Server Name: - Server name is the computer name where PostgreSQL Database is installed.
Sometimes we can refer local host instead of computer in case Database and application location
is same.
User Name: - User name is defined in Database and can be changed or alter through postgreSQL
or pgAdmin client application. Default Name is postgres.
Port: - Application communicates to each other through this port number. Default port number is
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5433.
Password: - Password is to authenticate access to STROT-WS Application.
Test Connection: - Test connection utility checks whether gives details suffices to log in application,

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if succeeds, status box shows message with background colour in green else will display error
message using red background colour.
Save Password: - Frequent user can store password which will be stored using encryption. We
recommend to use this feature, if every user has independent windows log in or Organization have
Active Directory in place. Else we strongly recommend to not to use this feature to maintain
security.
Select Database: - After successful connection, user can select Database for further processing.
Result Log:- Result log box stores location to store simulated result files for future use which can
be common shared location.
Log in: - If connection is successful, user get an access to Application for further work.
Comparison
Figure 45: Log in Window Network
Page 73

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Project Control
This control helps in organization of hydraulic assessment Water Distribution Network. Project Control
gives flexibility in maintaining hierarchy of Network and its related data such Patterns, curves, etc.
Project Control contains following major network components
- Distribution Network
- Demand Categories Group
- Pattern
- Curve
- Controls
- Simulation or analysis
- Background Maps
- Thematic
- Report
- Meter
- Selection Set
- Control Group
Control
Project
Figure 46: Project Control

Figure 47: Project Control - Project Details
Project Control
Project Control divided into 8 nodes described below
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Network Group
This is a huge group of all networks which are newly created, imported from other source. On such
networks you can perform various operations like Open, Create Network, Create Network Branch,

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Compare Network, Import, Export, Properties. These options are easily

available after Right Click on particular network.
Demand Pattern
This node has group of all patterns which are already designed in
Network menu. Right Click on any pattern will shows options such as
New Pattern, Open, Import, Export, Copy, Paste, Delete, Properties.
Using these options operations on Pattern made easy.
Curve Design
This node has all curve designs generated in Network menu. Right
Click on any curve will shows options related to curve such as New
Curve Design, Open Curve, Copy, Paste, Delete, Import, Export,
Properties. Using these options you can easily perform curve
operations.
Control
This node contains all Simple and Rule-Based controls generated in
Network menu. Right Click on any control shows options such as New, Figure 48: Project Control -
Project Details
Open, Import, Export, Properties, Copy, Paste, Delete. Using such
options you can perform all operations related to Control.
Simulation
This node is a set of all simulations which are performed in Simulation menu. Right Click on any simulation
Categories
shows options such as New Simulation, Open Simulation, Re-Run, open Results, Close Results, Delete
Demand
Control
Project
Results, and Properties.
Selection List
Control Group
Network Group
Distribution Network
Network contains all networks within project. It gives better flexibility over base model and its inherited
model. Inherited model will be useful to further analysis and Optioneering purpose without affecting base
model. Under Network Group, STROT provide following other function which will be specifically for Network
Group
Demand Categories Group

For hydraulic assessment and inherit requirement of water distribution network, different demand
categories are mandatory to create. Demand Calculator provides the flexibility to add different categories
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for particular or set of Junctions.

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Figure 49: Demand Calculator Window
Demand Calculator has different columns and their descriptions are mentioned in below table.
Table 22: Demand Calculator Properties
Column Name Description
Default number created and which will be referenced in

Category ID
Demand
Junction Demand Categories Property
Editor
Demand Categories ID for Base Demand Categories
Per Unit Demand Base or Average demand for selected Base categories
Count Total number of count for current demand category
Total Demand Calculate total demand for Demand Categories

Use time pattern used to allow demand to vary
Pattern
with time (optional)
Customer Group ID Not Implemented Yet
Description Description about current demand category
Under Demand Calculator, User can click on Button to Add New Demand Category with the help of
Demand Editor.
Demand Editor
Demand Editor can be opened after click on button under Demand Calculator which will be shown in Figure
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1. Editor facilitates to provide information about base demand, time patterns, demand description,
Classification, Demand Unit, etc. User can add any number of Demands as per choice under Demand
Editor which can be used in Demand Calculator to calculate demand.

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Demand Editor contains following information

Table 23: Demand Editor Properties
ID Create a ID for future Reference
Demand Category Label to Identify Demand Category
Classification Label for Classification to differentiate Demand Classification
Demand Unit Baseline or Average demand for demand category
Unit Unit of Demand
Remark Description about Demand Category
Demand
Editor
Figure 50: Demand Editor
Demand editor dialog box shown in below used to assign multiple demands of different categories and
different time patterns. Application has some pre-defined categories as per CPHEEO Manual and base
demand which can be used to assign demand.
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Demand Editor contains three different columns:
Table 24: Demand Categories Properties
Select predefined demand categories / create custom demand categories

Demand Categories
as per users choice.
Demand / unit as per CPEEO manual. User can add different demands/
unit under custom demand categories. (This value shows automatically and
Demand / Unit
can't change in Demand Editor. User needs to create custom demand
categories and change the values as per choice.)
Total units help to calculate total base demand / average demand per day.
Total Units Generally total population is assigned while calculating total demand.
However, based on demand categories total units definition will changed.
Base Demand This value calculates automatically based on Demand / Unit and total units.
Each demand categories demand requirement different at different time

Time Pattern intervals. Hence user can choose different time pattern for each demand
categories.
Pattern
To create pattern definition for some intended purpose following information should be filled up. Pattern
dialog box shows in below figure.
Table 25: Pattern Properties Window
Pattern
Item Description
Pattern ID Unique number for Pattern.
Description should give some brief and important information about the
Description
pattern and its intended use in further analysis.
Multipliers Multiplication factor for each time period of the pattern.
When user starts to fill up information in multiplier section, preview of chart will be displayed in Pattern
Dialog box. User can move to next multiplier box by using TAB key. Once all multipliers filled up in dialog
box user can click on OK button to save pattern information to database after validation. Cancel button
will lost all information and close the dialog box without storing any information.
A Pattern is a set of multipliers which will be applied to values to update over the time. Time Pattern can be
applied to Nodal Demand, Reservoir heads, Pump Schedules and Water Quality source inputs. Time
interval used in all patterns is fixed value which would set in Projects Time options.
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Calculated value remains constant within interval of time.
Calculated value @ time t = Nominal value * Pattern Multiplier of timer interval t

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Once time interval set under Time Options, it will be applicable to all Patterns, however each time pattern
have different time periods. During simulation when time/clock time exceeds time patterns period, patterns
time will start from its first period again.
At Junction node, average demand of 10 litres per second. Time pattern interval has been set t o4 and
pattern multipliers values
Table 26: Typical Pattern Sample
Period Multiplier Hours Demand Hours Demand
1 0.5 0-4 5.0 24-28 5.0
2 0.8 4-8 8.0 28-32 8.0
3 1.0 8-12 10 32-36 10
4 1.2 12-16 12 36-40 12
5 0.9 16-20 9.0 40-44 9.0
6 0.7 20-24 7.0 44-48 7.0
How to Create Time Pattern

- To create Time Pattern, Right click on Demand Pattern under Water Distribution Network and
select New Pattern.
- Provide Name of Pattern as per users choice
Figure 51: Add New Pattern - Get Name Pattern

- Click on OK Button, Pattern Dialog box will appear.
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Figure 52: Pattern Property Window
- Pattern Dialog box will appear.

- Enter Pattern Id & Description
- Enter multiplier values as per time patterns requirement
Following steps are followed while drawing a pattern:
1. Click on Pattern Menu of ribbon control. Ask for input name of pattern, after giving a name it open
form of pattern.
Figure 53: Network Ribbon Menu Pattern
Figure 54: Add New Pattern - Get Name

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2. In pattern form fill a required field like ID, Description.

3. Fill a value for multiplier to multiplier window.

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Figure 55: Pattern Property Window
Pattern
4. Change in pattern occurs according to change in value of multiplier.
5. Click on save button it save a pattern and pattern added in tree view.
Table 27: Pattern Context Menu
Context Menus Description

New Pattern Create New Pattern
Open Open Existing Pattern
Import To import data from xls or csv format
Export To export data in xls or csv format
Copy To create same copy of selected existing Pattern
Paste To create same copy of selected existing Pattern
Delete To delete existing Pattern
Curve
Page 81
Steps to create Curve

- Right click on Curve Design Under Project Tree View Control or Click on Curve Design under

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Network Tab in Ribbon Menu

- A Dialogue Box will appear to get Name of Curve Design. Once done click on OK button to open
Curve Editor
Figure 56: Add Curve Name
- Provide Curve ID, Description and select Curve type i.e. single point, 3 Point or multi point
- For 3 point & above, with increasing value of X , Y values should be in decreasing order.
Curve
Figure 57: Curve Properties Window
- After adding required & valid values, curve preview pane should show the curve
- Click on Save button to store above information in Project's Database
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Following steps are followed while drawing a curve:

1. Select ribbon option draw curve. Ask for Input Name of that curve, after giving a curve name.

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Figure 58: Draw Curve
Figure 59: Add Curve Name

2. Open a curve form.
3. From that form fill Curve ID, Description, and select curve type which you want to drew curve
(Single point/Three-point/Multi-point).
4. Give a Value for X-Y coordinate to plot curve point.
Curve
Figure 60: Curve Properties Window

5. Save the curve.
6. After successful saving, the curve is added in to tree view control.
Table 28: Curve Context Menu

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New Curve Create New Curve

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Open Open Existing Curve
Import To import data from xls or csv format
Export To export data in xls or csv format
Copy To create same copy of selected existing Curve
Paste To create same copy of selected existing Curve
Delete To delete existing Curve
Technical Information
If two pairs values have some relationship to form Curve which may applicable to multiple objects. STORT
will provide 3 types of Curve as mentioned below
- Pump Curve
- Efficiency Curve
- Volume curve
- Head Loss Curve
Pump Curve
Head v/s Flow relationship helps to form Pump curve to deliver at nominal speed setting. Head is head gain
imparted to the water by the pump and is plotted on Y axis of the curve of unit meter & Flow rate plotted on
X axis of defined flow unit. Head & flow are inversely proportional to each other however; flow values
Curve
should be in decreasing order with increasing head values.
STROT provide facility to create 3 types of curve shapes

- Single point
- Three Point
- Multiple Point
Single-Point Curve
A single-point pump curve is defined by a single head-flow combination that represents a pump's desired
operating point.
Three-Point Curve
STROT adds two more points to the curve by assuming a shutoff head at zero flow equal to 133% of the
design head and a maximum flow at zero head equal to twice the design flow. It then treats the curve as a
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three-point curve.
A three-point pump curve is defined by three operating points: a Low Flow point (flow and head at low or

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zero flow condition), a Design Flow point (flow and head at desired operating point), and a Maximum Flow
point (flow and head at maximum flow). STROT tries to fit a continuous function of the form through the
three points to define the entire pump curve.
Where,
hg = head gain,
q = flow rate,
and A, B, and C are constants
Figure 61: Head v/s Flow Chart
Multi-Point Curve
Curve
A multi-point pump curve is defined by providing either a pair of head-flow points or four or more such
points. STROT creates a complete curve by connecting the points with straight-line segments.
For variable speed pumps, the pump curve shifts as the speed changes. The relationships between flow
(Q) and head (H) at speeds N1 and N2 are
Efficiency Curve
Efficiency curve defines curve between pump efficiency (%) on Y axis to pump flow rate (in flow units) on X
axis. Pump efficiency represents wire-to-water efficiency which includes pumps mechanical losses & pump
motors electrical losses. This curve will be used only for energy calculation. In absence of specific pump
efficiency curve then fixed global pump efficiency will be applicable.
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Headloss Curve
Headloss curve represents relationship between headloss on Y axis through General Purpose Valve as a
function no of flow rate on X axis. Head loss curve are helpful to model devices & situations with unique

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headloss-flow relationships e.g. reduced flow-backflow prevention valves, turbines and well-draw-down
behaviour.
Curve
Figure 62 Different Types of Curve
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Figure 63: Flow v/s Efficiency Curve

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Volume Curve
Volume curve represents relationship between storage tank volume on Y axis varies with
increase/decrease of water level on X axis within tank. This curve will be useful where tank cross sectional
area varies with height. The lower and upper water levels supplied for the curve must contain the lower and
upper levels between which the tank operates. Example of tank volume curve is given below.
Figure 64: Tank Volume

Controls
Control
Control objects are important part of hydraulic assessment of Water Distribution Network. Rules/
Curve
Statements form Controls will act as governor to control the behaviour of network over time. Control
statements can be defining status of selected links as function of time, tank water levels, and pressures at
select points within the network.
Primarily two categories of controls which are

- Simple Controls
- Rule-Based Controls
a. Simple Controls
Status or settings of link changes based on simple statements by referring
- The water level in tank,
- The pressure at a node
- The time into the simulation, the time of day
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Simple statements can be primarily shown in one of the following three formats
- LINK Link_ID status IF NODE Node_ID ABOVE/BELOW Water Level /Pressure
- LINK Link_ID status AT TIME simulation_time (hrs:mm)

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- LINK Link_ID status AT CLOCKTIME clock_time AM/PM
Some examples of simple controls are:
Control Statement Meaning
- LINK 12 CLOSED IF NODE 23 ABOVE 20 (Close Link 12 when the level in Tank 23 exceeds 20 ft.)
- LINK 12 OPEN IF NODE 130 BELOW 30 (Open Link 12 if the pressure at Node 130 drops below 30
psi)
- LINK 12 1.5 AT TIME 16 (Set the relative speed of pump 12 to 1.5 at 16 hours into the simulation)
- LINK 12 CLOSED AT CLOCKTIME 10 AM
- LINK 12 OPEN AT CLOCKTIME 8 PM
(Link 12 is repeatedly closed at 10 AM and opened at 8 PM throughout the simulation)
There is no limit on the number of simple control statements that can be used in hydraulic modelling of
water distribution network
Note: Level controls are stated in terms of the height of water above the tank bottom, not the elevation
(total head) of the water surface.
Control
Note: Using a pair of pressure controls to open and close a link can cause the system to become unstable
if the pressure settings are too close to one another. In this case using a pair of Rule-Based controls might
provide more stability.
b. Rule-Based Controls
Rule Based Controls are used to control the assets of Water distribution network after certain predefined
combined condition exists during hydraulic modelling simulation. This is kind of If else statement of any
programming language. If certain condition exist then do this else do that.
Here are several examples of Rule-Based Controls:

Example 1:
This set of rules shuts down a pump and opens a by-pass pipe when the level in a tank exceeds a certain
value and does the opposite when the level is below another value.
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RULE 1
IF TANK 1 LEVEL ABOVE 19.1

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THEN PUMP 335 STATUS IS CLOSED

AND PIPE 330 STATUS IS OPEN
RULE 2
IF TANK 1 LEVEL BELOW 17.1
THEN PUMP 335 STATUS IS OPEN
AND PIPE 330 STATUS IS CLOSED
Example 2:
These rules change the tank level at which a pump turns on depending on the time of day.
RULE 3
IF SYSTEM CLOCKTIME >= 8 AM
AND SYSTEM CLOCKTIME < 6 PM
AND TANK 1 LEVEL BELOW 12
RULE 4
IF SYSTEM CLOCKTIME >= 6 PM
OR SYSTEM CLOCKTIME < 8 AM
AND TANK 1 LEVEL BELOW 14
Network
Options
Editing
Edit Network
The Edit Network menu enables only after selecting Start Edit command of Map menu. This menu has
various commands which help while performing edit operation.
Table 29: Edit Network Options
Save Edit Saves network file once you make a change
Stop Edit Stops editing of network
Table Edit Currently disabled
Update Properties Alter any properties related to specific object

Converts objects from Node to Node and Link to Link. e.g.
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Convert Object Junction objects can be changed from Reservoir or Tank or Pipe
object can be changed to Pump or Valve.
Draws continuous network with predefined default values for
Draw Network
node and Link.

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Add Node Add Node object into Network
Add Link Add Link object into Network
Add Vertex Add vertex to any link object within Network
Delete Node Delete any node from current network
Delete Link Delete any link from current network
Delete Vertex Delete vertex selected by user

Move selected node from current position to any other location
Move node
as per users choice
Move links start or end node of link & connect to other node as
Move Link
per users requirement
Move Vertex User can reshape link by rearranging vertex position
Undo Undo last performed operation during editing of network
Redo Redo last undo operation during editing of network
Figure 65: Map Edit Network Ribbon Menu
Network
Options
Table 30: Edit Network Context Menu
Editing
Context Menu Description
Open Network
This functionality helps to open Network in Map Window
Create Network Create New Independent Network using selected Network
Create Branch Network Create child Network and will inherit all data from Parent Network
Compare two different Networks. More details please refer Section

Compare Network
Network comparison.
Import Network into newly created blanked network. For Import
Import Network
options refer section Import Export
Export Network from current network. To get more information on
Export Network
Export refer section Import Export
Provide primary information related Current Network.
Properties e.g. Who created Network, When created Network, purpose of
network creation
Page 90
Save Edit

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This functionality helps in saving all information either modified during edit mode or added new objects
within current network. Once you save Edit option selects then all history information will be cleared up
which means Undo & Redo stack will not perform their operation.
Stop Edit
This functionality will perform editing operation and stored all modification or updation to network. And
close current tab of Network Editing.
Update Properties
This functionality will be useful to update properties of exiting objects. Before selecting any object,
respective Map layer need to be selected as per following selection
For Node object Node Layer should select

For Link object Link Layer should select
After selection of Map Layer, user can select object within Map
Window and change appropriate values within Form Window and
click on Save. This operation is be undone or redone depending upon
the choice of user.
Convert Object
Network
Convert Object functionality will be useful to convert sub-object within Object type.
Options
Editing
e.g. Junction sub-type convert into either Reservoir or Tank. Same way, Conduit sub-object type will
convert to Pump or Valve. However, conversion between different types will not work which means node to
link and vice versa will not work.
Draw Network
Draw Network functionality will be useful to draw continuous network with predefined values of Node &
Link. In predefined values, under Node Object type by default Junction will be selected and under Link
Type, Conduit will be selected by default.
Add Object
Add Object functionality will be used to add 3 main types of Object which are
- Node
- Link
- Vertex
Page 91
Node
Add Node functionality helps user to add node object into currently editable network. This tool helps to add
Junction, Reservoir or Tank.

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User need to follow below steps to Node object

- Click on Add Node button
- Snap Settings confirmation dialog box will appear. Click on Save if user would like to select
Snapping tool to activate.
- Again Coordinate Dialog box will appear. This will help to
add correct coordinates where user would like to add
Node object or if it not require then user can close the
dialog box.
- User can select anywhere in the Map Network to add

Node. Once click Add New Node dialog box will appear.
- Add Node ID (ID could be string or Number as per user's
choice).
- Select Node Type Figure 67: Add New Node Window
o Junction
o Reservoir
o Tank
- If user would like to split pipe and add Node at respective point on selected link then select Check
box under Pipe group box. Then group box will pope up link list under List box.
- Once click on OK, Junction Dialog box will appear.
Network
Options
Editing
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Figure 68: Junction Property
Network
Options
Editing
- After adding respective values, click on OK to add Node into Network.
Link
This tool will helps to add Pipe, Pump or Valve.
User need to follow steps to Link object

- Click on Add Link button
- Snap Settings confirmation dialog box will appear. Click on Save if user would like to select
Snapping tool to activate.
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Figure 69: Snap Setting Window

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- Again Coordinate Dialog box will appear. This will help to add correct coordinates where user
would like to add Link object or if it is not require then user can close the dialog box.
Figure 70: Coordinate Dialog
- User can select anywhere in the Map Network to add Link. Once click Add New Link dialog box will
appear as shown below
Network
Options
Editing
Figure 71: Application Window
- Click on OK button to open Pipe dialog box. Pipe Dialog will appear.
- Add required values
o Pipe ID
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o Length
o Diameter
o Roughness

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- Click on OK button to include link object in Network.
Network
Options
Editing
Figure 72: Conduit Properties
Vertex
- Click on Add Vertex Button
- Selected link will be highlighted as shown in below image
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Figure 73: Map Editing
- Click at appropriate point where user would like to add Vertex.
Network
Options
Editing
Figure 74: Application Window for Map Editing
Delete Object
Delete Object functionality will be used to delete 3 main types of Object which are
- Node
- Link
Page 96
- Vertex

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Node
Delete Node
This functionality will delete node or group of nodes.
Select the node or group of nodes and right click to open context menu and select Delete Selected
Objects.
Network
Options
Editing
Figure 75: Map Editing in Application
Link
Delete Link
This functionality will delete Link or group of links.

Select a link or group of links and right click to open context menu and select Delete Selected Objects to
perform delete operation.
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Network
Options
Editing
Figure 76: Application Window - Map Editing Operation
Vertex
Delete Vertex
This functionality will delete Vertex.
Select a vertex &right click to open context menu and select Delete Vertex to perform delete vertex
operation.
Figure 77: Delete Vertex
Move Object
Page 98
Move Object functionality will be used to move 3 main types of Object which are
- Node

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- Link
- Vertex
Node
Move Node
This operation will be useful to rearrange objects position if required by user to change.
To perform this operation user need to follow these steps
- Click on Move Node button
- Select node which need to be moved from current position
- Drag selected node from current position to required position
- Release mouse button to see the change.
Link
Move Link

- Click on Move Link button
- Select links start point or end point which need to be moved from current position to other
- Drag selected point from current position to other nodes position
- Release mouse button.
Network
Options
Editing
Move Vertex
- Click on Move Vertex button
- Move cursor over link object to highlight

- Select Vertex which need to be moved from current position to other
- Drag selected vertex from current position to other required position
- Release mouse button.
Undo & Redo Operation

- Undo
This operation will assist to undone the editing operations. However, if user save editing operation then
Undo operation cant be possible.
- Redo
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This operation will assist to redone the editing operations. However, if user save editing operation then
Redo operation cant be possible.

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Simulation
Simulation Ribbon Menu

The Simulation menu performs various hydraulic analyses.
Figure 78: Simulation Ribbon Menu
Table 31: Simulation Ribbon Menu

Helps to perform various hydraulic analysis e.g. Steady state, EPS, Fire Flow,
Simulation
Water Quality
Pipe Design Algorithm helps in designing gravity network
Pump Design Facilitates designing pumps as per CPHEEO manual

Criticality
Perform to check criticality index of selected network components
Analysis
To perform the simulation process, the following steps need to be followed:

1. Before starting the simulation process, first it needs to open the network map on which the
Comparison
Simulation
Network
simulation is carried out.
2. Go to the Simulation menu appearing in the Ribbon Control Menu and select Simulation
option. The simulation window will be pop-up.
3. Fill all the fields for the simulation process like set:
a) Network field to currently opened Network Map.
b) Analysis Type as EPS Simulation.
c) Change End Date to next date of Start Date so as to have the simulation for 24 Hours.
d) In Simulation Options:
4. In Hydraulic menu, set Flow Units as GPM.
5. In Times menu, set Total Duration to 24 Hours.
6. After configuring these settings for simulation, select Simulate Now to start simulation process.
7. After simulation, the Result Table will be opened which shows the detailed status of each Node
and Link for every hour in 24 hours.
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Figure 79: Simulation Window
Result
The Result menu has various commands which describe the different ways in which the results of an
analysis as well as the basic network input data can be viewed. This includes different views listed below:
Results
Viewing Results with Graph/Charts
Viewing Results with a Table

Viewing Special Reports
Table 32: Result Menu

Graph tool helps in preparing various charts namely
- Time Series Chart
- Profile Chart
Graph
- System Chart
- Contour Chart
- Frequency Chart
Energy Report Energy reports generates for Pumps available within Network
Page 101
Node Result Table Table shows result information about node for all time steps
Pipe Result Table Table shows result information about link for all time steps

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Figure 80: Result Ribbon Menu
Charts
Analysis results can be viewed using several different types of charts.
Table 33: Charts Selection Options
Time Series Display object properties based on Time
Frequency Charts Frequency of Object Properties
Contour Map Any value will be considered as elevation value to plot contour
This graph provides comparative charts of total supplied water to

System Flow
system and total consumed water by consumer
Display collection of objects and its properties with respective to each

Profile Chart
others coordinates
To create a graph:
Chart
1. Select Result >> Graph from Ribbon control which enables Graph Selection dialog box shown below.
2. Fill in the choices on the Graph Selection dialog box that appears.
3. Click Plot to create the graph.
Components of Graph Selection Dialog Box
Chart Type
Parameter
Time Period
Object Selection
Clear Object
Plot
Chart Type
It contains following types of Charts which can be viewed for different purposes as per choice of user.
Time Series
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Frequency Charts
Contour Map
System Flow
Profile Chart

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Parameter
Depending upon the selection of Object Type Parameters
are varies. Following table shows the Parameters against
each Object type
Actual Demand
Head
Node
Pressure
Water Quality
Flow
Velocity
Friction Factor
Link Unit Headloss
Status
Setting
Water Quality
Time Period
User can select different time period as per requirement
and analysis type.
Network
Options
Control
Editing
Chart
List Box
List box will display all objects falls in each object type and
user can select by using mouse or just typing the object
type to select for plotting.
Object Type Figure 81: Chart Selection Window
Object type could either node or Link. User can select object Type as per choice & requirement.
Clear Objects
Unselect the list of objects for plotting or charts.
Plot
Once all required parameters are set then Plot helps in creating chart.
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Map Control
Map view displays the overall structure of Network Map. The Network Map consists of number of objects
like Node, Link, Tank, Reservoir, Pump, etc. The Map appears at the right side of the window. All the Map
operations like editing network, upstream tracing, downstream tracing, adding layer, labelling etc. are
carried out on the Map.
Map Control
Figure 82: Map Control
The Map control provides a planar schematic representation of the

objects comprising a water distribution network. On map the location of
objects and the distance between them do not necessarily have to
conform to their actual physical scale. New objects can be added to the
map and existing objects can be clicked on for editing, deleting, and
repositioning. The map can be zoomed to any scale and panned from
one position to another. In map control you can work on more than one
network at a time i.e. you can open any number of networks by selecting
them from project view control.
Legend Control

The legend menu displays the layers which are shown on the network
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map. After opening the network map, it mainly consists of Nodes and Links. So, in legend control Node and
Map layers are displayed. From the Legend View, one can customize the network map such as labelling
the nodes and links, change colour and size of the node; change the symbol of the node and so on.
First, open the network map. Select the Legend from the project menu.

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Right click on the object and select Labelling, Labelling Setup option.
Select the type of information to be labelled from the Field Names.
Map Control
Figure 84: Label Window

Select background colour for label from Basic Properties.
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Figure 85: Label Window
Map Control
Thematic Mapping
Labelling
1. Drag the object on which labelling is carried out to the top of the list in legend view.
1. Right click on the object and select Labelling, Labelling Setup option.
2. Select the type of information to be labelled from the Field Names.
3. Select background colour for label from Basic Properties.
Customized Properties
Follow these steps to customize the appearance of nodes:
Need practical demo on the following steps.
1. Open the Legend.
2. Right click on the layer of which the properties need to be change and select Properties option.
3. To change the symbol setting of node objects, double click on the node objects list. The setting
window will appear.
4. Customize the node object as per the requirement.
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Remove Layers
The network map consists of network objects. The Node and Link are the major categories of network

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objects. One can remove the layer from the legend if does not required. To remove any layer from the
network map following steps are performed:
Need practical demo on the following steps.
1. Open Legend menu.
2. Right click on the layer need to be removed shown in the Legend.
3. Select Remove Layer option.
NOTE: - We recommend not removing system layers from Legend Control. In case you
removed then user need to close Network Map and reopen to restore Layers in Legend
Control.
Export Data
This functionality allows exporting the data after customizing the object in Legend menu. For example,
export the data for selected nodes; export the data for all customized features. To export the data, follow
these steps:
Need practical on the following steps:
1. Open Legend menu.
2. Right click on the layer of which the data need to be exported and select Data and Export
Data.
3. Select the type of export i.e. export all features, export selected features, all features in
Map Control
view extent.
4. Select the output directory path where the exported data need to be stored.
5. The message will be displayed to import the exported data. Click Yes. The data imported
will be shown on the map.
Selection
Need practical on the following steps:
The selection option performs the object selection. To select the Nodes on the network map, click on the
Node layer in Legend. Right-click on the Node layer, the following functionalities are carried out:
1. Select All:
This option selects all the object for the selected layer (Node).
2. Create Later from Selected Features:
This option is used to create a new layer in the Legend for the selected layer objects (Node).
3. Zoom To Selected Features:

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This option is used to focus the selected objects after performing selection.
4. Unselect All:

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This option unselects all the selected features for the selected layer objects.
Output Control
Control
Output
Figure 86: Output Window
Status Control
The status control appears at the bottom of the WDS workspace and is divided into sections which display
the following information:
XY Location Displays the map coordinates of the current position of the mouse pointer.
Progress Bar Shows progress of currently running command.
Status Statement Shows message related to currently running command.
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Figure 87: Status Control

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Import
Following objects are imported in STROT Application:
Epanet INP Files

Shape Files
Excel Files
CSV Files
MDB Files
Shape File
This is most useful functionality to read geographical information of network. A shape file contains both
physical and non-physical information about network objects and stored in various files as per each
network object. Such as Junction table, reservoir table, tank table, pipe table, pump table, valve tables, etc.
Required properties of each network objects described in Object Properties.
Import Procedure
User can follow sequence to re-import those shapes which have some issues.
1. If issues found in node then correct those features in shape and re-import only those edited nodes
2. If issues found in Link then do the corrections in Application itself if possible or else do the
corrections in link shape files and reimport only those edited features in link shape file.
If Projection system is attached with shape then it will read automatically. In case, not available then
application will ask user to set projection system or user can re-project current layers through Re-
Import
projection under Network menu.
Table 34: Import Options
STROT provides facility to import Network Object of manly two
category including sub categories
Node
o Junction
o Reservoir
o Tank
Network Object
Conduit
o Pipe
o Pump
o Valve
A node object contains all objects of Junction, Reservoir & Tank.
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A link object contains all objects of Pipe, Pump & Valve

STROT provides provision to export into different formats
primarily they are,
Export Format
- Shape
- Xls or xlsx or csv

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- dxf
Path Path where user would import file into Network
STROT provide facility to match user defined name to system
defined name to e.g.
Match Fields
Id match with Node ID
X_Coord with X_Coordinate
To create new network follow these steps:

1. Right-click on Network in project menu and Create Network.
2. Select the object to be imported.
3. To import the file, if the required file is not already exists, the file first needs to be exported
through export option. Select a file to be import for selected file type.
4. In Match Fields, match Import Fields with WDS Fields.
Import
Figure 88: Import Window - Assign Column Properties

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Xls or Xlsx or Csv file
Excel / CSV file contains network object information including geographic location. Vertex information can
be separate out by , string. Required information as per object properties should available in excel / csv
files.
Import Procedure
Output window shows the information about those items / records which are skipped due to some other
reason.
User can follow sequence to re-import those records which have some issues
1. If issues found in node then correct those records in excel / csv file and re-import only those edited
records.
2. If issues found in Link then do the corrections in Application itself if possible or else do the
corrections in excel / csv files and re-import only those edited records in link excel / csv file.
Once data is imported /read successfully then application will ask user to set projection system for layer or
user can re-project current layers through Re-projection under Network menu.
Import inp Project
WDS Application import inp files contents and add information at appropriate tables of applications
database. While importing inp files following tables are imported and stored in Database file:
Node Information
Import
Link Information
Pattern Information
Controls Information
Unit information
Curve Information
Before importing inp file following points should be considered:

1. STROT Application preferred to use all ID i.e. node id, conduit id in integer format. STROT is
capable enough to handle string values but imported values need to be properly checked before
using the network in Analysis
2. Unit used in inp file should be metric unit and
Table 35: Default units assumed for Epanet file import
Object Unit
Head / Elevation Meter
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Demand Litres / day

Volume Cu. Meter
Length Meter

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Object Unit
Diameter of pipe mm
Diameter of tank Meter
Height of tank Meter
Export
The Export option saves the network data in the form of files. These files may have the following formats:
1. Shape Files (.shp)
2. Excel Files (.xls or .xlsx)
3. CSV Files
4. Epanet Files (.inp)
5. AutoCAD Files (.dxf)
To export the network data to the one of the above file format, the following steps are need to be
performed:
1. In Map Menu of the Ribbon Control Menu, select Export option. The Export window will be
appear.
2. Select Network Object i.e. Node or Link of which the data to be exported.
3. Select Export Format to the .xls (to export the data in Excel file format) and select file path to
which the exported file will be saved.
4. Select OK to export the object (Node or Link) data.
Export
5. Go to the path where the file is saved and open it. It contains all the data of the object.
Shape File
Export Shape File
Export Dialog box can be accessed by 2 ways,

- Right click on Network and Select 'Export' &
- Click on 'Import' button under Map ribbon tab menu
Table 36: Export Options
Network Object of manly two category
Node
Network Object Conduit

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A node object contains all objects of Junction, Reservoir & Tank.

A link object contains all objects of Pipe, Pump & Valve
STROT provides provision to export into different formats primarily
Export Format
they are,

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- Shape
- Xls or xlsx or csv
- dxf
Path Path where user would store exported file

STROT provide facility to change system defined name to user
defined name.
Match Fields e.g.
Node ID can convert into ID
X_Coordinate converts into X_Coordinate
Export Object will export individual or similar kind of objects which can be selected under Network Object.
Export Format gives flexibility to export into different files types as per user requirement.
In the Export Data Dialog Box that appears, select in which network data needs to be export select data
format needs to be export immediately save dialog box appears to get storage location and file name to get
from user
In column Name setting data table, predefined column name settings appear which can be modifying by
user as per his choice.
Export
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Figure 89: Export Property Window
Export
Click on OK to export network object data.
Follow these steps to export a network object into other format:

Need to understand the following:
1. Go to Network and select Export.
2. In the Export Data Dialog Box that appears, select in which network data needs to be
export.
3. Select data format needs to be export immediately save dialog box appears to get storage
location and file name to get from user.
4. In column name setting data table, predefined column name settings appear which can be
modify by user as per his choice.
5. Click on Export to export network object data.
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Figure 90: Export Object Successful
Export
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Analysis &
Results
Report Notebook
IN THIS SECTION:
Analysis Types
Simulations Options
Simulated Charts
List your contents here
Analysis &
Results
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Analysis and Results
Setting Analysis options
After a network has been suitably described, its hydraulic and water quality behaviour can be analysed.
This chapter describes how to specify options to use in the analysis, how to run the analysis and how to
troubleshoot problems that might have occurred with the analysis.
Setting Analysis Options

There are five categories of options that control how STROT analyses a network:
Hydraulics, Quality, Reactions, Times, and Energy. To set any of these options:
1. Select the Options category from the Data Browser or select Project >> Analysis Options from the
menu bar.
2. Select Hydraulics, Quality, Reactions, Times, or Energy from the Browser.
3. If the Property Editor is not already visible, click the Browser's Edit button (or hit the Enter key).
4. Edit your option choices in the Property Editor.
As you are editing a category of options in the Property Editor you can move to the next or previous
category by simply hitting the Page Down or Page Up keys, respectively.
Analysis
Options
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Hydraulic Options
Hydraulic options control how the hydraulic computations are carried out. They consist of the following
items:
Table 37: Hydraulic Options
Option Description
Units in which nodal demands and link flow rates are expressed. Choosing units
in gallons, cubic feet, or acre-feet implies that the units for all other network
Flow Units quantities are Customary US. Selecting litres or cubic meters causes all other
units to be SI metric. Use caution when changing flow units as it might affect
Measurement.)
Formula used to compute headloss as a function of flow rate in a pipe. Choices

are:
Hazen-Williams
Headloss Darcy-Weisbach
Formula
Chezy-Manning
Because each formula measures pipe roughness differently, switching formulas

might require that all pipe roughness coefficients be updated.
Ratio of the density of the fluid being modelled to that of water at 4 deg. C
Specific Gravity
(unitless).
Ratio of the kinematic viscosity of the fluid to that of water at 20 deg. C (1.0
Relative
Viscosity centistokes or 0.94 sq ft/day) (unitless).
Maximum number of trials used to solve the nonlinear equations that govern
Maximum Trials
network hydraulics at a given point in time. Suggested value is 40. Hydraulic
Convergence criterion used to signal that a solution has been found to the
Options
nonlinear equations that govern network hydraulics. Trials end when the sum of
Accuracy
all flow changes divided by the sum of all link flows is less than this number.
Suggested value is 0.001.
Action to take if a hydraulic solution is not found within the maximum number of
trials. Choices are STOP to stop the simulation at this point or CONTINUE to use
If Unbalanced
another 10 trials, with no link status changes allowed, in an attempt to achieve
convergence.
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ID label of a time pattern to be applied to demands at those junctions where no
Default Pattern time pattern is specified. If no such pattern exists then demands will not vary at
these locations.

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Option Description
Global multiplier applied to all demands to make total system consumption vary
Demand up or down by a fixed amount. E.g., 2.0 doubles all demands, 0.5 halves them,
Multiplier
and 1.0 leaves them as is.
Power to which pressure is raised when computing the flow through an emitter
Emitter Exponent device. The textbook value for nozzles and sprinklers is . This may not apply to
pipe leakage. Consult the discussion of Emitters in Section 3.1 for more details.
Amount of status information to report after an analysis is made.
Choices are:
NONE (no status reporting)
YES (normal status reporting lists all changes in link status throughout
Status Report
the simulation )
FULL (full reporting normal reporting plus the convergence error from
each trial of the hydraulic analysis made in each time period)
Full status reporting is only useful for debugging purposes.
Water Quality Options

Water Quality Options control how the water quality analysis is carried out. They consist of the following
items:
Table 38: Water Quality Options
Option Description
Type of water quality parameter being modelled. Choices include:
NONE (no quality analysis),
CHEMICAL (compute chemical concentration),

Options
Quality
Water
Parameter AGE (compute water age),
TRACE (trace the per cent of flow originating from a specific node).
In lieu of CHEMICAL, you can enter the actual name of the chemical
being modelled (e.g. Chlorine)
Mass units used to express concentration. Choices are mg/L or mg/L. Units
Mass Units
for Age and Trace analyses are fixed at hours and percent, respectively.
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Ratio of the molecular diffusivity of the chemical being modeled to that of

Relative Diffusivity chlorine at 20 deg. C (0.00112 sq ft/day). Use 2 if the chemical diffuses twice
as fast as chlorine, 0.5 if half as fast etc.

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Option Description
Applies only when modeling mass transfer for pipe wall reactions. Set to zero
to ignore mass transfer effects.
ID label of the node whose flow is being traced. Applies only to flow tracing
Trace Node
analyses.
Smallest change in quality that will cause a new parcel of water to be created
Quality Tolerance in a pipe. A typical setting might be 0.01 for chemicals measured in mg/L as
well as water age and source tracing.
Note: The Quality Tolerance determines when the quality of one parcel of water is
essentially the same as another parcel. For chemical analysis this might be the detection
limit of the procedure used to measure the chemical, adjusted by a suitable factor of safety.
Using too large a value for this tolerance might affect simulation accuracy. Using too small a
value will affect computational efficiency. Some experimentation with this setting might be
called for.
Reaction Options
Reaction Options set the types of reactions that apply to a water quality analysis.
They include following items:

Table 39: Reactions Options
Option Description
Power to which concentration is raised when computing a bulk flow reaction

Bulk Reaction rate. Use 1 for first-order reactions, 2 for second-order reactions, etc. Use any
Order negative number for Michaelis-Menton kinetics. If no global or pipe-specific bulk
reaction coefficients are assigned then this option is ignored.
Options
Quality
Water
Power to which concentration is raised when computing a bulk flow reaction

Wall Reaction rate. Choices are FIRST (1) for first-order reactions or ZERO (0) for constant
Order rate reactions. If no global or pipe-specific wall reaction coefficients are
assigned then this option is ignored.
Default bulk reaction rate coefficient (Kb) assigned to all pipes. This global
coefficient can be overridden by editing this property for specific pipes. Use a
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Global Bulk
positive number for growth, a negative number for decay, or 0 if no bulk reaction
Coefficient
occurs. Units are concentration raised to the (1-n) power divided by days, where
n is the bulk reaction order.

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Option Description
Wall reaction rate coefficient (Kw) assigned to all pipes. Can be overridden by
editing this property for specific pipes. Use a positive number for growth, a
Global Wall
negative number for decay, or 0 if no wall reaction occurs. Units are ft/day (US)
Coefficient
or m/day (SI) for first-order reactions and mass/sq ft/day (US) or mass/sq
m/day (SI) for zero order reactions.
Maximum concentration that a substance can grow to or minimum value it can

Limiting
decay to. Bulk reaction rates will be proportional to the difference between the
Concentration
current concentration and this value. Set to zero if not applicable.
Wall Coefficient Factor correlating wall reaction coefficient to pipe roughness. Set to zero if not
Correlation applicable.
Times Options
Times options set values for the various time steps used in an extended period simulation. These are listed
below (times can be entered as decimal hours or in hours: minutes notation):
Table 40: Times Options
Option Description
Total length of a simulation in hours. Use 0 to run a single period (snapshot) hydraulic
Total Duration
analysis.
Hydraulic Time
Time interval between re-computation of system hydraulics Normal default is 1 hour.
Step
Quality Time Time interval between routing of water quality constituent. Normal default is 5
Step minutes (0:05 hours).
Reactions
Options
Pattern Time
Time interval used with all-time patterns. Normal default is 1 hour.
Step
Hours into all-time patterns at which the simulation begins (e.g., a value of 2 means
Pattern Start
that the simulation begins with all-time patterns starting at their second hour). Normal
Time
default is 0.
Reporting Time Time interval between times at which computed results are reported. Normal default
Step is 1 hour.
Report Start Hours into simulation at which computed results begin to be reported. Normal default
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Time is 0.
Starting Time of Clock time (e.g., 7:30 am, 10:00 pm) at which simulation begins. Default is 12:00 am
Day (midnight).
Statistic Type of statistical processing used to summarize the results of an extended period

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Option Description
simulation. Choices are:
NONE (results reported at each reporting time step)
AVERAGE (time-averaged results reported)
MINIMUM (minimum value results reported)
MAXIMUM (maximum value results reported)
RANGE (difference between maximum and minimum results reported)
Statistical processing is applied to all node and link results obtained between the
Report Start Time and the Total Duration.
Note: To run a single-period hydraulic analyses (also called a snapshot analysis) enter 0 for Total
Duration. In this case entries for all of the other time options, with the exception of Starting Time of
Day, are not used. Water quality analyses always require that a non-zero Total Duration be specified.
Energy Options
Energy Analysis Options provide default values used to compute pumping energy and cost when no
specific energy parameters are assigned to a given pump.
They consist of the following items:
Table 41: Energy Options
Option Description
Pump Efficiency (%) Default pump efficiency
Price of energy per kilowatt-hour. Monetary units are not explicitly

Energy Price per Kwh
represented.
ID label of a time pattern used to represent variations in energy price with
Price Pattern
time. Leave blank if not applicable.
Demand Charge Additional energy charge per maximum kilowatt usage.

Options
Energy
Times
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Analysis
Steady State Analysis
Steady state analysis is useful to analyse hydraulic and water quality performance at particular time step
which is critical in nature or simulate worst scenario within network.
Extended Period Analysis (EPS)
EPS generally used in Water Distribution Network to analyse the hydraulic performance of the system at
some particular time step.
Following are the capabilities of Hydraulic Engine which helps in assessment of water distribution network
Ability to calculate frictional Head loss using the Hazen-Williams, Darcy Weisbach, or Chezy-
Manning formulas
Have capability to Includes minor head losses for bends, fittings, etc.
Models constant or variable speed pumps
Computes energy cost for each pump set
Have capability to models various types of valves including shut-off, check, pressure regulating,
and flow control valves
Have capability to model storage tanks of any shape and size (i.e., diameter can vary with height)
Considers multiple demand categories at nodes, each with its own pattern of time variation
Models pressure-dependent flow issuing from emitters (sprinkler heads)
Have capability of base system operation on both simple tank level or timer controls and on
complex rule-based controls.
Analysis
Types
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Figure 91: Simulation Window
Fire Flow Analysis
Fire Flow utility calculates the available flow at network junctions while minimum pressure is kept at
demand junctions. Fire Flow analysis can be performed either in steady state environment or in expended
period analysis.
Extended period simulation helps to identify duration of flow delivered and how much max flow can deliver
for specified period.
Work flow for Fire flow Analysis Fire Flow

Analysis
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Criticality Analysis
Criticality analysis is used to identify the critical links and its relative criticality index with selected list of
links. This analysis is useful to identify most critical links within distribution network which helps in attention
during maintenance & operation.
Water Quality Analysis

Water Quality variation in spatially and temporally for water distribution networks analysis techniques are
described in this section
Treated water exit from raw water treatment plant deteriorates after travelling through water distribution
Analysis
Quality
network. Rate of Deterioration in treated water quality depends upon the following parameters
Water
- Chemical & biological quality of source water

- Effectiveness & efficiency of treatment processes
- integrity of the treatment plant, storage facilities & distribution network
- Age, type, design & maintenance of the distribution network

- Quality of treated water &
- Mixing of water from different sources within a distribution network & other hydraulic conditions
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During treatment of raw water, Chlorine is used as a disinfectant cause of cheap in cost, east to handle,
highly effective in killing bacteria and most importantly maintained as residual. Presence of residual

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chlorine in detectable quantity at consumer taps insures water free from bacteriological contamination.
However, because of chlorine decay & complexity of water distribution network, it is difficult to assure just
desirable levels of chlorine residual at all times & at all locations.
So during treatment of raw water there is practice to add higher amount of chlorine so that chlorine residual
is detected even at the farthest node of the network. Since chlorine reacts with natural organic matter to
form undesirable by-products, excessive dosage of chlorine is not desirable.
This section mainly discuss with modelling of water quality analysis especially chlorine residual in water
distribution network. The hydraulic model steady state & extended period analysis provides preliminary
information about flows & velocities which will play an important role in preparing mathematical model for
chlorine concentration. In addition to this, there are other aspects of governing chlorine concentration in
distribution networks are the chlorine transportation, decay caused due to reaction & mixing.
Analysis &
Results
Figure 92: Map Window

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Figure 93: Time Series Graph for WQ
Figure 94: Time Series Graph for WQ

Analysis &
Results
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Design
Need of optimization
The cost of a water distribution network depends upon proper selection of the geometry of the network. The
selection of street layout adopted in the planning of a city is important to provide a minimum-cost water
supply system. The two most common water supply configurations of looped water supply systems are the
gridiron pattern and the ring and radial pattern; however, it is not possible to find an optimal geometric
pattern that minimizes the cost.
Engineers use different trial and error methods (Newton Raphson Method, Hardy Cross Method) and their
engineering judgment to minimize design cost. However this approach may not guarantee optimal solution.
Normally, any engineering problem will have a large number of solutions out of which few of them are
feasible and some of them are infeasible [9]. Hence, its Engineers duty is to find out best solution out of all
feasible solution. Importance and huge cost associated with Water Distribution Networks leads to extensive
research concentrating on providing protected water supply at minimum cost and in shortest possible route
by optimization in analysis and design.
Bhave (2003)[2] has stated that, it may be possible to have different options satisfying the hydraulic
constraints of engineering problem e.g. use of different pipe materials, different pipe sizes and different
network layouts for a water distribution network. As expected, these solutions would have different costs
and so aim would be to find the cost effective solution.
WDN also aim to provide supply of water for different purposes such as domestic and industrial
consumption, irrigation, hydropower, etc. Such a solution having minimum cost or maximum benefits is
termed, in general, as an optimal solution, and the concept of obtaining optimum solution is termed as
optimization.
Design Philosophy
Design
For proposed study following methodology will be adopted for further study which is gained from research
paper, reference books etc. Before proceeding for design philosophy following terms and methodology are
explained below:
Head Loss Equation

For calculation of headloss for pressurized pipe flow, Darcy-Williams and Hazen-Williams formula are
mostly used. By practicing engineers, Hazen-Williams formula is used due to its simplicity.
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Where,
h = head loss in pipe (m);
= numerical conversion constant depends upon units (2.234 x 1012);
L = Length of the pipe (m);
Q = Pipe discharge (m3/s);
CHW = Hazen-Williams coefficient;
D = Pipe Diameter (m);
and & = Exponents (1.85 & 4.87);
Constrained Optimization Model

Proposed objective function for water distribution network by author aims for least-cost design generalized
as a constrained nonlinear programming problem, subject to a set of nonlinear constraints of node flow
continuity, loop head loss, minimum head, and minimum and maximum diameter of links.
Mathematically objective function defined as,
Minimize,
( ) ( )
Subject to constraints
( )

Design
Hj ; j=1,., (M-S)
Dx { Dmin, . , Dmax}; x = 1, , X
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Where,
u(D) = unit cost of pipe having diameter D;
Q = nodal demand;

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M= total number of nodes;

S = number of source nodes;
Ep = Energy added to water by a pump;
Y = total number of loops;
Hjmin=minimum permissible head at node j;
X = number of links in a network;
and Dmin and Dmax = minimum and maximum diameter of commercially available pipes
respectively;
Design
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Thematic
Figure 95: Thematic Sample
Results in
Simulated
Thematic
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Charts
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Figure 96: Charts Example

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Charts
Analysis results can be viewed using several different types of
charts.
Table 42: Chart Window
Time Series Object Properties v/s Time
Frequency Charts
Object Properties value taken
Contour Map
as elevation to plot contour
Water Supplied v/s Water
System Flow
Consumed
Profile Chart Object Properties v/s Distance
Time Series Chart
Plots values versus time
Figure 97: Graph Selection Window
Charts
Figure 98: Sample of Time Series graph for Demand

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Figure 99: Sample of Time Series graph for Pressure
Figure 100: Sample of Time Series graph for Head
Time Series
Chart
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Figure 101: Sample of Time Series graph for Flow
Figure 102: Sample of Time Series graph for Pipe Velocity Time Series
Contour Plot
Chart
Shows regions of the map where values fall within specific intervals
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Figure 103: Contour Plot
Frequency Chart
Plots values versus fraction of objects at or below the value
Frequency
Chart
Figure 104: Frequency Chart for Demand
System Flow Chart

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Plots total system production and consumption versus time

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Figure 105: System Flow Chart
Profile Chart
Profile chart is generally used to analyse the node result properties along the network. e.g. Check Demand,
Head & Pressure variation along the selected network.
To check this chart, user needs to select nodes along pipeline and duration of the simulation.
Profile Chart
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Figure 106: Profile Chart
Tabular Results
Node Results
Profile Chart
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Figure 107: Tabular Results of Node Objects

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Link Results
Figure 108: Tabular Results of Link Objects
Profile Chart
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Troubleshooting Results
STROT will issue specific Error and Warning messages when problems are encountered in running a
hydraulic/water quality analysis. The most common problems are:
Pumps cannot deliver head or flow

Network is disconnected
Negative pressures exist
System unbalanced
Hydraulic equations cannot be solved
Pump Problems
STROT will issue a warning message when a pump is asked to operate outside the range of its pump
curve. If the pump is required to deliver more head than its shutoff head, STROT will close the pump down.
This might lead to portions of the network becoming disconnected from any source of water.
Disconnected Network
STROT classifies a network as being disconnected if there is no way to provide water to all nodes that have
demands. This can occur if there is no path of open links between a junction with demand and either a
reservoir, a tank, or a junction with a negative demand. If the problem is caused by a closed link STROT
will still compute a hydraulic solution (probably with extremely large negative pressures) and attempt to
identify the problem link in its Status Report. If no connecting link(s) exist STROT will be unable to solve the
hydraulic equations for flows and pressures and will return an Error 110 message when an analysis is
made. Under an extended period simulation it is possible for nodes to become disconnected as links
change status over time.
Negative Pressures
STROT will issue a warning message when it encounters negative pressures at junctions that have positive
demands. This usually indicates that there is some problem with the way the network has been designed or
Troubleshooting
operated. Negative pressures can occur when portions of the network can only receive water through links
Results
that have been closed off. In such cases an additional warning message about the network being
disconnected is also issued.
System Unbalanced
A System Unbalanced condition can occur when STROT cannot converge to a hydraulic solution in some
time period within its allowed maximum number of trials. This situation can occur when valves, pumps, or
Page 140
pipelines keep switching their status from one trial to the next as the search for a hydraulic solution
proceeds. For example, the pressure limits that control the status of a pump may be set too close together.
Or a pump's head curve might be too flat causing it keep shutting on and off.

SHARADA INFOTECH
To eliminate the unbalanced condition one can try to increase the allowed maximum number of trials and
change the CHECKFREQ and MAXCHECK settings. These parameters are set with the project's Hydraulic
Options. If the unbalanced condition persists, then another hydraulic option, labelled If Unbalanced, offers
two ways to handle it. One is to terminate the entire analysis once the condition is encountered. The other
is to continue seeking a hydraulic solution for another 10 trials with the status of all links frozen to their
current values. If convergence is achieved then a warning message is issued about the system possibly
being unstable. If convergence is not achieved then a System Unbalanced warning message is issued. In
either case, the analysis will proceed to the next time period.
If an analysis in a given time period ends with the system unbalanced then the user should recognize that
the hydraulic results produced for this time period are inaccurate. Depending on circumstances, such as
errors in flows into or out of storage tanks, this might affect the accuracy of results in all future periods as
well.
Hydraulic Equations Unsolvable

Error 110 is issued if at some point in an analysis the set of equations that model flow and energy balance
in the network cannot be solved. This can occur when some portion of a system demands water but has no
links physically connecting it to any source of water. In such a case STROT will also issue warning
messages about nodes being disconnected. The equations might also be unsolvable if unrealistic numbers
were used for certain network properties.
Troubleshooting
Results
Page 141

SHARADA INFOTECH
References
Acknowledgements
STROT software is developed by Sharada InfoTech in India and referred several freely available software
components from other inventors/researchers/authors to whom acknowledgement and thanks are due:
o Epanet v2.0 from Water Supply and Water Resources Division of US EPA
http://www.epa.gov/nrmrl/wswrd/dw/STROT.html
o GIS Software SDK

https://dotspatial.codeplex.com/
o Dock Panel Suite. The Visual Studio inspired docking library for .NET WinForms
http://dockpanelsuite.com/
o Water Distribution Network by Dr. Pramod Bhave

o Contour Library
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0098300411004274
Copyright and license Information
Epanet
STROT - WS network analysis uses the Epanet computation engine. From the Water Supply and Water
Resources Division of US EPA website (http://www.epa.gov/nrmrl/wswrd/dw/STROT.html) comes the
statement "Epanet is public domain software that may be freely copied and distributed." This software is the
basis of several network analysis programs and provides a robust and reliable tool. The development and
publishing of this software is greatly appreciated. Epanet Version 2.00.12 is used by Epanet.
Troubleshooting
Dot spatial
Results
Dotspatial is a geographic information system library written for .NET 4. It allows developers to incorporate
spatial data, analysis and mapping functionality into their applications or to contribute GIS extensions to the
community. Dr. Dan Ames is the project manager for DotSpatial.
Contour
Page 142

SHARADA INFOTECH
Frequently Asked Questions
Import CAD File to build Network
Refer EpaCAD to import CAD files convert into inp file and then import inp file in STROT Application.
How do I model a groundwater pumping well?
Represent the well as a reservoir whose head equals the piezometric head of the groundwater aquifer.
Then connect your pump from the reservoir to the rest of the network. You can add piping ahead of the
pump to represent local losses around the pump. If you know the rate at which the well is pumping then an
alternate approach is to replace the well pump combination with a junction assigned a negative demand
equal to the pumping rate. A time pattern can also be assigned to the demand if the pumping rate varies
over time.
How do I size a pump to meet a specific flow?
Set the status of the pump to CLOSED. At the suction (inlet) node of the pump add a demand equal to the
required pump flow and place a negative demand of the same magnitude at the discharge node. After
analysing the network, the difference in heads between the two nodes is what the pump needs to deliver.
How do I size a pump to meet a specific head?
Replace the pump with a Pressure Breaker Valve oriented in the opposite direction. Convert the design
head to an equivalent pressure and use this as the setting for the valve. After running the analysis the flow
through the valve becomes the pump's design flow.
Troubleshooting
How can I enforce a specific schedule of source flows into the network from my
reservoirs?
Results
Replace the reservoirs with junctions that have negative demands equal to the schedule of source flows.
(Make sure there is at least one tank or remaining reservoir in the network, otherwise STROT will issue an
error message.)
How can I analyse fire flow conditions for a particular junction node?
Page 143
To determine the maximum pressure available at a node when the flow demanded must be increased to
suppress a fire, add the fire flow to the nodes normal demand, run the analysis, and note the resulting
pressure at the node. To determine the maximum flow available at a particular pressure, set the emitter
coefficient at the node to a large value (e.g., 100 times the maximum expected flow) and add the required

SHARADA INFOTECH
pressure head (2.3 times the pressure in psi) to the node's elevation. After running the analysis, the
available fire flow equals the actual demand reported for the node minus any consumer demand that
was assigned to it.
How do I model a reduced pressure backflow prevention valve?
Use a General Purpose Valve with a headloss curve that shows increasing head loss with decreasing flow.
Information from the valve manufacturer should provide help in constructing the curve. Place a check valve
(i.e., a short length of pipe whose status is set to CV) in series with the valve to restrict the direction of flow.
How do I model a pressurized pneumatic tank?
If the pressure variation in the tank is negligible, use a very short, very wide cylindrical tank whose
elevation is set close to the pressure head rating of the tank. Select the tank dimensions so that changes in
volume produce only very small changes in water surface elevation.
If the pressure head developed in the tank ranges between H1 and H2, with corresponding volumes V1
and V2, then use a cylindrical tank whose cross-sectional area equals (V2-V1)/(H2-H1).
How do I model a tank inlet that discharges above the water surface?
Use the configuration shown below:
Troubleshooting
Results
The tank's inlet consists of a Pressure Sustaining Valve followed by a short length of large diameter pipe.
The pressure setting of the PSV should be 0, and the elevation of its end nodes should equal the elevation
at which the true pipe connects to the tank. Use a Check Valve on the tank's outlet line to prevent reverse
flow through it.
How do I determine initial conditions for a water quality analysis?
If simulating existing conditions monitored as part of a calibration study, assign measured values to the
Page 144
nodes where measurements were made and interpolate (by eye) to assign values to other locations. It is
highly recommended that storage tanks and source locations be included in the set of locations where
measurements are made.
To simulate future conditions start with arbitrary initial values (except at the tanks) and run the analysis for

SHARADA INFOTECH
a number of repeating demand pattern cycles so that the water quality results begin to repeat in a
periodic fashion as well. The number of such cycles can be reduced if good initial estimates are made for
the water quality in the tanks. For example, if modelling water age the initial value could be set to the tank's
average residence time, which is approximately equal to the fraction of its volume it exchanges each day.
How do I estimate values of the bulk and wall reaction coefficients?
Bulk reaction coefficients can be estimated by performing a bottle test in the laboratory (see Bulk Reactions
in Section 3.4). Wall reaction rates cannot be measured directly. They must be back-fitted against
calibration data collected from field studies (e.g., using trial and error to determine coefficient values that
produce simulation results that best match field observations). Plastic pipe and relatively new lined iron
pipe are not expected to exert any significant wall demand for disinfectants such as chlorine and
chloramines.
How can I model a chlorine booster station?
Place the booster station at a junction node with zero or positive demand or at a tank. Select the node into
the Property Editor and click the button in the Source Quality field to launch the Source Quality Editor. In
the editor, set Source Type to SETPOINT BOOSTER and set Source Quality to the chlorine concentration
that water leaving the node will be boosted to. Alternatively, if the booster station will use flow-paced
addition of chlorine then set Source Type to FLOW PACED BOOSTER and Source Quality to the
concentration that will be added to the concentration leaving the node. Specify a time pattern ID in the Time
Pattern field if you wish to vary the boosting level with time.
How would I model THM growth in a network?
THM growth can be modelled using first-order saturation kinetics. Select Options Reactions from the Data
Browser. Set the bulk reaction order to 1 and the limiting concentration to the maximum THM level that the
Troubleshooting
water can produce, given a long enough holding time. Set the bulk reaction coefficient to a positive number
Results
reflective of the rate of THM production (e.g., 0.7 divided by the THM doubling time).
Estimates of the reaction coefficient and the limiting concentration can be obtained from laboratory testing.
The reaction coefficient will increase with increasing water temperature. Initial concentrations at all network
nodes should at least equal the THM concentration entering the network from its source node.
Page 145
Units of Measurement
Table 43: Units

SHARADA INFOTECH
Parameter US customary Is Metric

Concentration mg/L or g/L mg/L or g/L
Demand Refer Flow Units Refer Flow Units
Diameter (Pipe) inches millimetre
Diameter (Tank) feet meters
Efficiency Percentage Percentage
Elevation feet meters
flow units / (psi)1/2 flow units /
Emitter Coefficient
(meters)1/2
Energy kilowatt - hours kilowatt - hours
CFS (cubic feet / sec) LPS (litres / sec)
GPM (gallons / min) LPM (litres / min)
MGD (million gal / day) MLD (megaliters /
IMGD (Imperial MGD) day)
Flow
AFD (acre-feet / day) CMH (cubic meters /
hr)
CMD (cubic meters /
day)
Friction Factor unit less unit less
Hydraulic Head feet meters
Length feet meters
Minor Loss Coeff. unit less unit less
Power horsepower kilowatts
Pressure pounds per square inch meters
Reaction Coeff (Bulk) 1/day (1st-order) 1/day (1st-order)
mass / L / day (0-order) mass / L / day (0-
ft / day (1st-order) order)
Reaction Coeff ( Wall)
meters / day (1st-
order)
10-3 feet (Darcy- millimeters (Darcy-
Roughness Coefficient Weisbach), Weisbach),
unitless otherwise unitless otherwise
Source Mass Injection mass / minute mass / minute Troubleshooting
Velocity feet / second meters / second
Volume cubic feet cubic meters
Results
Water Age hours hours
Note: US Customary units apply when CFS, GPM, AFD, or MGD is chosen as flow units. SI
Metric units apply when flow units are expressed using either litres or cubic meters.
Page 146

SHARADA INFOTECH
INDEX
Link .. 43, 51, 68, 69, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 93, 94, 96, 97,
A
99, 100, 103, 104, 106, 109, 111, 112
Analysis 100, 102, 111, 117, 122, 123, 124, 125, 133 Log in ................................................................ 72, 73
C M
Charts ........................................... 101, 102, 132, 133 Map ... 59, 60, 66, 67, 69, 89, 90, 91, 92, 94, 96, 97, 98,
Comparison .............................................. 68, 71, 72 100, 102, 104, 107, 112, 126, 133
Conduit .............................. 43, 44, 69, 91, 95, 109, 112 Measure .............................................................. 61, 62
Contour ......................... 101, 102, 133, 135, 136, 142 Multi-Point................................................................ 85
Control .............................. 48, 51, 52, 74, 87, 88, 111 N
Criticality..................................................... 100, 125
CSV.......................................................... 109, 111, 112 Navigation ............................................................. 61
Curve .... 42, 46, 48, 49, 68, 74, 75, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, Network .....39, 48, 51, 59, 60, 64, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72,
86, 87, 111 74, 75, 79, 80, 82, 87, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95,
100, 101, 104, 107, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114,
D 123, 140, 142, 143
Demand 40, 53, 54, 55, 57, 68, 70, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, Network Summary .................................................... 70
79, 103, 111, 119, 122, 133, 136, 137, 146 Node 36, 39, 44, 46, 47, 51, 68, 69, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91,
Design ................................... 75, 81, 82, 85, 100, 128 92, 93, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 103, 104, 106, 107,
Draw ............................................ 6, 61, 68, 83, 89, 91 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 120
E O
Edit ............................................. 6, 67, 89, 90, 91, 117 Operating .................................................................... 8

Efficiency ....................... 46, 49, 84, 85, 86, 122, 146 options ... 3, 6, 45, 46, 51, 62, 67, 68, 75, 78, 90, 117,
Energy Options ................................................. 122 118, 121, 122, 128
Epanet ............................................ 109, 111, 112, 142 Output ................................................ 59, 72, 108, 111
Excel ....................................................... 109, 111, 112 P
Export. 51, 60, 66, 75, 81, 84, 90, 107, 109, 112, 113,
114, 115 Pattern . 40, 41, 46, 49, 50, 54, 56, 68, 74, 75, 76, 78,
Extended Period ............................................... 123 79, 80, 81, 111, 118, 121, 122, 145
pgAdmin .................................................................... 72
F postgres ................................................................ 9, 72
Fire Flow ..................................................... 100, 124 postgreSQL ................................................................ 72
Frequency ................................... 101, 102, 133, 136 Profile ................................... 101, 102, 133, 137, 139
Project Control ............................................. 51, 59, 74
H Pump ... 4, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 49, 78, 84, 85, 89, 91, 93,
Hardware ................................................................... 8 100, 104, 109, 112, 122, 140
Head Loss ..................................................... 84, 128 Q
Headloss .......................................4, 44, 85, 103, 118
Quality .......... 40, 41, 43, 56, 117, 120, 121, 125, 145
Hydraulic ...... 3, 4, 100, 118, 121, 123, 140, 141, 146
Query ............................................................ 61, 62, 63
I
R
Import 51, 60, 66, 75, 81, 84, 90, 109, 110, 111, 112,
Reaction Options .............................................. 120
143
Reservoir ....2, 39, 40, 41, 78, 89, 91, 92, 104, 109, 112
Installation............................................9, 12, 13, 14
Result................................................ 71, 100, 101, 102
J Ribbon........... 59, 60, 66, 68, 80, 82, 90, 100, 102, 112
Rule Based Control ............................................ 52
Page 147
Junction ........... 39, 40, 76, 79, 89, 91, 92, 93, 109, 112
Rule-Based .............................................. 52, 75, 87, 88
L
S
Label ....................................................66, 77, 105, 106
Legend ................................... 59, 63, 91, 104, 106, 107 Search ........................................................... 61, 65, 66
Selection .......................................... 74, 75, 102, 107

SHARADA INFOTECH
Shape ..................................................... 42, 109, 112 Thematic ............................................ 4, 74, 106, 131
Simple......................................................51, 68, 75, 87 Three-Point ............................................................... 84
Simple Control .............................................. 51, 68 Time Series ................. 101, 102, 127, 133, 134, 135
Simulation ....................... 74, 75, 100, 101, 117, 124 Times Options .................................................... 121
Single-Point .............................................................. 84 Trace ............................................. 61, 64, 65, 119, 120
Software ......................................................... 8, 9, 142
V
Status ..... 43, 45, 46, 47, 48, 51, 59, 87, 103, 108, 119,
140 Validation ............................................ 59, 68, 70, 71
Steady State ...................................................... 123 Valve . 43, 44, 45, 47, 48, 85, 89, 91, 93, 109, 112, 143,
STROT .4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 39, 42, 43, 45, 47, 48, 59, 75, 144
84, 85, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 117, 140, 141, 142, View................................................. 6, 61, 69, 81, 104
143 Volume ................................. 42, 49, 84, 87, 111, 146
System .... 2, 8, 66, 101, 102, 133, 136, 137, 140, 141
W
System Configuration ......................................... 8
System Flow .............................. 102, 133, 136, 137 Water Quality ................... 5, 78, 100, 103, 119, 125
Water Quality Options .................................... 119
T
WDS ................................. 2, 4, 8, 9, 60, 108, 110, 111
Tank .... 4, 39, 41, 42, 44, 46, 47, 49, 70, 87, 88, 89, 91,
92, 104, 109, 112, 146
Troubleshooting
Results
Page 148

SHARADA INFOTECH
SHARADA INFOTECH
E-102, Shriniwas Crossover County, Near Lokmat Press, Lagad Mala, Sinhgad Road,
Pune - 411041
Phone 020 24616238, Email Info@sharadainfotech.co.in
www.sharadainfotech.co.in
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SHARADA INFOTECH

User Guide for

Application Built for Hydraulic Design

Copyright <2016> by <Sharada InfoTech>. All Rights Reserved.

STROT WS User Guide

Version Date Drafter Description

Copyright <2016> by <Sharada InfoTech>. All Rights Reserved.

Demand Allocation ................................................................................................................................. 57

Copyright <2016> by <Sharada InfoTech>. All Rights Reserved.

Application Overview ................................................................................................................................ 59

Head Loss Equation .......................................................................................................................... 128

Copyright <2016> by <Sharada InfoTech>. All Rights Reserved.

Thematic ................................................................................................................................................ 131

Copyright <2016> by <Sharada InfoTech>. All Rights Reserved.

Need of Hydraulic modeling

Hydraulic & Water Quality Capabilities

Model build Steps

Copyright <2016> by <Sharada InfoTech>. All Rights Reserved.

Copyright <2016> by <Sharada InfoTech>. All Rights Reserved.

Distribution of Cost in Water

Figure 1: Cost distributions in Water Distribution Network

Need of Hydraulic Modelling

Copyright <2016> by <Sharada InfoTech>. All Rights Reserved.

Hydraulic Modelling Capabilities

Following are the capabilities of Hydraulic Engine.

Copyright <2016> by <Sharada InfoTech>. All Rights Reserved.

Water Quality Modelling Capabilities

growth of disinfection by-products

Copyright <2016> by <Sharada InfoTech>. All Rights Reserved.

Steps in using STROT

Copyright <2016> by <Sharada InfoTech>. All Rights Reserved.

Copyright <2016> by <Sharada InfoTech>. All Rights Reserved.

Table 1 : System Requirement

Configuration Minimum Recommended

Processor Dual Core CPU Intel i3 CPU

Table 2 : Hardware Requirement

Hardware Component Requirement

Hard Disk Drive (HDD) 1 GB OR Above

Operating System Support:

Table 3: Required Operating System

Operating System Operating System License

Windows 7 Service Pack 3

Windows XP Service Pack 3

Copyright <2016> by <Sharada InfoTech>. All Rights Reserved.

Software Package Software Package Version

Microsoft .NET Framework 3.0 OR Above

1. Launch Setup.exe file from given CD / Pen drive

Figure 3: Installation - Step 1

Copyright <2016> by <Sharada InfoTech>. All Rights Reserved.

Figure 5: Installation - Step 3(c)

d. Give the shortcut to be used in start menu folder.

Copyright <2016> by <Sharada InfoTech>. All Rights Reserved.

e. Click on the check box, to create shortcut on desktop.

Figure 7: Installation - Step 3(e)

Copyright <2016> by <Sharada InfoTech>. All Rights Reserved.

g. Installation begins and extracting required files at specified installation director.

Figure 9: Installation - Step 5(a)

Copyright <2016> by <Sharada InfoTech>. All Rights Reserved.

h. Setup is installing postgres on specified location.

Figure 11: Installation - Step 5(c)

4. Installation successfully completed.

Copyright <2016> by <Sharada InfoTech>. All Rights Reserved.

Figure 12: Installation - Step 6(a)

Copyright <2016> by <Sharada InfoTech>. All Rights Reserved.