TABLE OF CONTENTS

TheJOURNAL
of PEDIATRICS
October 2017 Volume 189 Copyright 2017 by Elsevier Inc.

The Editors Perspectives

This Month in The Journal of Pediatrics.................................................................................................................. 1

Notes from the Association of Medical School Pediatric Department Chairs, Inc.
Online Master of Education Program: Academic Outcomes
RobertHarper, EdD, LeaAlaee, MA, JeanneR.Spaulding, MAIS, ThomasDeWitt, MD, and MelissaKlein, MD, MEd . .................. 3

Editorials
Amoxicillin Is the Most Cost-Effective Therapy for Acute Otitis Media: The Culmination of 40 Years
of Research e
ChristopherJ.Harrison, MD, FAAP, FPIDS .......................................................................................................................... 5

High Flow Nasal Cannula Flow Rates: New Data Worth the Weight
StevenL.Shein, MD, KatherineN.Slain, DO, and AlexandreT.Rotta, MD, FCCM .................................................................... 9

Down Syndrome and Pediatric Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Causal or Casual Relationship?
AntoniaDe Matteo, MD, and PietroVajro, MD ..................................................................................................................... 11

Treatment and Nontreatment of the Patent Ductus Arteriosus: Identifying Their Roles in
Neonatal Morbidity
RonaldI.Clyman, MD, and MelissaLiebowitz, MD ............................................................................................................... 13

Solving the Extubation Equation: Successfully Weaning Infants Born Extremely Preterm from
Mechanical Ventilation
BrettJ.Manley, PhD, and PeterG.Davis, MD ....................................................................................................................... 17

Primary Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis and Macrophage Activation Syndrome:

The Importance of Timely Clinical Differentiation e
AlexeiA.Grom, MD .......................................................................................................................................................... 19

e contains additional content that can be found at www.jpeds.com

The Journal of Pediatrics (ISSN 0022-3476) is published monthly by Elsevier Inc., 230 Park Avenue, Suite 800, New York, NY 10169. Periodicals postage
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Pediatric Anticoagulation: Time for a New Paradigm?

MasatoTakahashi, MD, and GuyYoung, MD . ...................................................................................................................... 21

Adolescents at Risk for Sexually Transmitted Infection Need More Than the Right Medicine
MelissaK.Miller, MD, MichelleL.Pickett, MD, MS, and JenniferL.Reed, MD, MS ................................................................... 23

Medical Progress
Can We Prevent Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia?
JudyL.Aschner, MD, EduardoH.Bancalari, MD, and CindyT.McEvoy, MD, MCR ................................................................... 26

Biologic Agents in the Treatment of Childhood-Onset Rheumatic Disease

JayMehta, MD, MS, and TimothyBeukelman, MD, MSCE ..................................................................................................... 31

The Microbiome and Biomarkers for Necrotizing Enterocolitis: Are We Any Closer to Prediction? e
BrigidaRusconi, PhD, MistyGood, MD, and BarbaraB.Warner, MD ...................................................................................... 40

Original Articles
Sensitivity and Specificity of Empiric Treatment for Sexually Transmitted Infections in a Pediatric
Emergency Department
KristenBreslin, MD, MPH, LisaTuchman, MD, MPH, KatieL.Hayes, BS, GiaBadolato, MPH, and MonikaK.Goyal, MD, MSCE . . 48

50 Years Ago in The Journal of Pediatrics Diazoxide Treatment for Idiopathic Hypoglycemia
of Infancy
StephanieL.Bourque, MD, PaulJ.Rozance, MD, and WilliamW.Hay, MD ......................................................................... 53

A Cost-Utility Analysis of 5 Strategies for the Management of Acute Otitis Media in Children e
NaderShaikh, MD, MPH, EmilyE.Dando, BA, MarkL.Dunleavy, BS, DorothyL.Curran, BS, JudithM.Martin, MD,
AlejandroHoberman, MD, and KennethJ.Smith, MD, MS . ................................................................................................... 54

Safety and Efficacy of Warfarin Therapy in Kawasaki Disease

AnnetteL.Baker, RN, MSN, CPNP, ChristinaVanderpluym, MD, KimberlyA.Gauvreau, ScD, DavidR.Fulton, MD, .
SarahD.de Ferranti, MD, MPH, KevinG.Friedman, MD, JennaM.Murray, RN, PNP, .
LorenD.Brown, RN, BSN, CCRN, ChristopherS.Almond, MD, MPH, MargaretEvans-Langhorst, RN, MS, CPNP, and
JaneW.Newburger, MD, MPH ........................................................................................................................................... 61

The Relationship between High Flow Nasal Cannula Flow Rate and Effort of Breathing in Children e
ThomasWeiler, MD, AsavariKamerkar, DO, JustinHotz, RRT, PatrickA.Ross, MD, ChristopherJ.L.Newth, MD, FRCPC, and
RobinderG.Khemani, MD, MsCI ....................................................................................................................................... 66

Development and Initial Validation of the Macrophage Activation Syndrome/Primary

Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis Score, a Diagnostic Tool that Differentiates Primary
Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis from Macrophage Activation Syndrome e
FrancescaMinoia, MD, FrancescaBovis, PhD, SergioDav, MD, AntonellaInsalaco, MD, KaiLehmberg, MD, SusanShenoi, MD,
SheilaWeitzman, MD, GracielaEspada, MD, Yi-JinGao, MD, JordiAnton, MD, ToshiyukiKitoh, MD, OzgurKasapcopur, MD,
HelgaSanner, MD, RosaMerino, MD, ItziarAstigarraga, MD, MariaAlessio, MD, MichaelJeng, MD, VyacheslavChasnyk, MD,
KimE.Nichols, MD, ZengHuasong, MD, CaifengLi, MD, ConcettaMicalizzi, MD, NicolinoRuperto, MD, MPH, .
AlbertoMartini, MD, RandyQ.Cron, MD, AngeloRavelli, MD, and AnnaCarinHorne, MD, on behalf of thePediatric .
Rheumatology International Trials Organization, the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance, the Pediatric
Rheumatology Collaborative Study Group, and the Histiocyte Society . .................................................................................... 72

Autoimmune Liver Disease in Children with Sickle Cell Disease e

SuttirukJitraruch, MD, PhD, EmerFitzpatrick, MD, MaeshaDeheragoda, MD, AnnamariaDeganello, MD, .
GiorginaMieli-Vergani, MD, PhD, SusanHeight, MD, DavidRees, FRCPCH, NedimHadzic, MD, and MarianneSamyn, MD ........ 79

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The Prevalence of Rome IV Nonerosive Esophageal Phenotypes in Children

LisaB.Mahoney, MD, SamuelNurko, MD, MPH, and RachelRosen, MD, MPH ........................................................................ 86

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Italian Children with Down Syndrome: Prevalence and
Correlation with Obesity-Related Features e
DilettaValentini, MD, AnnaAlisi, PhD, Chiaradi Camillo, MD, MariaRitaSartorelli, MD, AnnalisaCrudele, PhD, .
AndreaBartuli, MD, ValerioNobili, MD, and AlbertoVillani, MD .......................................................................................... 92

Caregiver-Reported Quality of Life in Youth with Down Syndrome e

MelissaS.Xanthopoulos, PhD, RachelWalega, MS, RuiXiao, PhD, DivyaPrasad, MPH, MaryM.Pipan, MD, BabetteS.Zemel, PhD,
RobertI.Berkowitz, MD, SheelaN.Magge, MD, MSCE, and AndreaKelly, MD, MSCE . ............................................................. 98

Changes in the Diagnosis and Management of Patent Ductus Arteriosus from 2006 to 2015 in United
States Neonatal Intensive Care Units
G.MichaelBixler, MD, GeorgeC.Powers, MD, ReeseH.Clark, MD, M.WhitWalker, MD, and VeeralN.Tolia, MD . .................... 105

Markers of Successful Extubation in Extremely Preterm Infants, and Morbidity After Failed
Extubation e
SanjayChawla, MD, GirijaNatarajan, MD, SeethaShankaran, MD, BenjaminCarper, MS, LucP.Brion, MD, .
MartinKeszler, MD, WaldemarA.Carlo, MD, NamasivayamAmbalavanan, MD, MarieG.Gantz, PhD, AbhikDas, PhD, .
NeilFiner, MD, RonaldN.Goldberg, MD, C.MichaelCotten, MD, and RosemaryD.Higgins, MD, on behalf of theEunice
Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network ................................... 113

Maternal Caffeine Consumption during Pregnancy and Behavioral Disorders in 11-Year-Old

Offspring: A Danish National Birth Cohort Study e
SusanneHvolgaard Mikkelsen, PhD, CarstenObel, MD, PhD, JrnOlsen, MD, PhD, JanniNiclasen, PhD, and .
BodilHammerBech, MD, PhD ........................................................................................................................................... 120

The Impact of Routine Evaluation of Gastric Residual Volumes on the Time to Achieve Full Enteral
Feeding in Preterm Infants
AriehRiskin, MD, MHA, KerenCohen, MD, AmirKugelman, MD, ArinaToropine, MD, WaseemSaid, MD, and .
DavidBader, MD, MHA . ................................................................................................................................................... 128

Leisure Time Physical Activity in Young Adults Born Preterm e

MarjaanaTikanmki, MD, NinaKaseva, MD, PhD, TuijaTammelin, PhD, MarikaSipola-Leppnen, MD, PhD, .
Hanna-MariaMatinolli, MHealthSci, JohanG.Eriksson, MD, DMSc, Marjo-RiittaJrvelin, MD, PhD, .
MarjaVrsmki, MD, PhD, and EeroKajantie, MD, PhD .................................................................................................... 135

Validity and Reliability of the Brazilian Version of the Weight Control Behaviors Scale e
KarinLouiseLenzDunker, PhD, and AngelicaMedeirosClaudino, PhD . ................................................................................. 143

Longitudinal Association between Obesity and Dental Caries in Adolescents e

Ling-WeiLi, PhD, HaiMingWong, PhD, and ColmanP.McGrath, PhD ................................................................................... 149

Secondhand Smoke Exposure and Preclinical Markers of Cardiovascular Risk in Toddlers

JudithA.Groner, MD, HongHuang, PhD, MandarS.Joshi, PhD, NicholasEastman, BS, LisaNicholson, PhD, and .
JohnAnthonyBauer, PhD .................................................................................................................................................. 155

Exercise Performance and 22q11.2 Deletion Status Affect Quality of Life in Tetralogy of Fallot
ElizabethGoldmuntz, MD, AmyCassedy, PhD, LauraMercer-Rosa, MD, MSCE, MarkA.Fogel, MD, StephenM.Paridon, MD, .
and BradleyS.Marino, MD, MSCE . .................................................................................................................................... 162

Impact of Enteroviral Polymerase Chain Reaction Testing on Length of Stay for Infants 60 Days Old
or Younger e
PaulL.Aronson, MD, ToddW.Lyons, MD, MPH, AndreaT.Cruz, MD, MPH, StephenB.Freedman, MDCM, MSc, .
PamelaJ.Okada, MD, AlesiaH.Fleming, MD, MPH, JosephL.Arms, MD, AmyD.Thompson, MD, SuzanneM.Schmidt, MD,
JeffreyLouie, MD, MichaelJ.Alfonzo, MD, MS, MichaelC.Monuteaux, ScD, and LiseE.Nigrovic, MD, MPH, .
for thePediatric Emergency Medicine Clinical Research Network (PEM CRC) Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) Study Group ............... 169

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Subclinical Kidney Injury in Children Receiving Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs After

Cardiac Surgery
EdwardNehus, MD, MS, AhmadKaddourah, MD, MichaelBennett, PhD, OliviaPyles, BS, and PrasadDevarajan, MD . ................ 175

Cognitive Function in Children with Lupus Nephritis: A Cross-Sectional Comparison with Children
with Other Glomerular Chronic Kidney Diseases e
AndreaKnight, MD, MSCE, AmyJ.Kogon, MD, MPH, MatthewB.Matheson, MS, BradleyA.Warady, MD, .
SusanL.Furth, MD, PhD, and StephenR.Hooper, PhD ......................................................................................................... 181

50 Years Ago in The Journal of Pediatrics Diagnosis of Biliary Atresia: Relative Accuracy of
Percutaneous Liver Biopsy, Open Liver Biopsy, and Operative Cholangiography
AkihiroAsai, MD, PhD ................................................................................................................................................. 188

Rear-Facing Car Safety Seat Use for Children 18 Months of Age: Prevalence and Determinants e
AshleyT.Jones, MD, BenjaminD.Hoffman, MD, AdrienneR.Gallardo, MA, TessA.Gilbert, MHS, and .
KathleenF.Carlson, PhD ................................................................................................................................................... 189

Examining the Role of the Pediatric Emergency Department in Reducing Unintended Adolescent
Pregnancy
MichelleSolomon, MD, MPH, GiaM.Badolato, MPH, LaurenS.Chernick, MD, MSc, MariaE.Trent, MD, MPH,
JamesM.Chamberlain, MD, and MonikaK.Goyal, MD, MSCE .............................................................................................. 196

Measuring Resilience in the Adolescent Population: A Succinct Tool for Outpatient

Adolescent Health e
JordanBarger, MD, PattyVitale, MD, MPH, JohnP.Gaughan, MS, PhD, MBA, and LoriFeldman-Winter, MD, MPH .................... 201

Commentary
Moving Beyond Abstinence-Only Messaging to Reduce Sleep-Related Infant Deaths
SusanAltfeld, PhD, NadinePeacock, PhD, HillaryL.Rowe, MA, JillMassino, PhD, CaitlinGarland, MPH, SherriSmith, BA, .
and MarisaWishart, BA ..................................................................................................................................................... 207

Clinical and Laboratory Observations

Using Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Detect Preserved Function in a Preterm Infant
with Brain Injury e
CharlotteHerzmann, PhD, LeireZubiaurre-Elorza, PhD, ConorJ.Wild, PhD, AnnikaC.Linke, PhD, VictorK.Han, MD,
DavidS.C.Lee, MB, BS, FRCPC, and RhodriCusack, PhD . .................................................................................................... 213

Comparison of Oropharyngeal and Nasopharyngeal Swab Specimens for the Detection of

Mycoplasma pneumoniae in Children with Lower Respiratory Tract Infection
FujioKakuya, MD, PhD, TakahiroKinebuchi, MT, HitoshiOkubo, MD, and KumihiroMatsuo, MD, PhD ................................... 218

Potential Role of Genomic Sequencing in the Early Diagnosis of Treatable Genetic Conditions e
HengamehZahed, MD, PhD, Teresa N.Sparks, MD, BenLi, MD, AdnanAlsadah, MD, and JosephT.C.Shieh, MD, PhD ................ 222

Detecting Pharmaceuticals in the Red Blood Cell Inventory of a Hospital Blood Bank e
EricA.Gehrie, MD, AmarisKeiser, MD, CarrieJ.Haglock-Adler, MS, FrederickStrathmann, PhD, and GarrettS.Booth, MD . ....... 227

Rediscovering the Physical Exam

Metastatic Dissemination of a Neuroblastoma e
ElazirBarbosaMota, MD, ClaudiaRenataRezendePenna, MD, and EdsonMarchiori, MD, PhD ................................................. 232

Hyperkeratosis and Discoloration of the Toenails in an 8-Year-Old

KarlynPollack, BS, BarrettZlotoff, MD, and BarbaraWilson, MD ........................................................................................... 233

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Muehrcke Lines in an Infant

VijaiWilliams, MD, and MuralidharanJayashree, MD . ......................................................................................................... 234

Insights and Images

Scrofula in a Child
CatarinaPereira, MD, MafaldaCascais, MD, MiguelFlix, MD, and ManuelSalgado, MD . ........................................................ 235

Scrofula
IndarKumarSharawat, MD, and LesaDawman, MD ............................................................................................................. 236

Prostaglandin E1-Induced Periostitis and Reversibility with Discontinuation e

AdityaBadheka, MS, MD, PradeepBangalore Prakash, MS, MD, and VeerajalandharAllareddy, MD, MBA . ................................. 237

Ventilator-Induced Hiccups
MiyakoKyogoku, MD, YuInata, MD, and MuneyukiTakeuchi, MD, PhD ................................................................................ 238

Letters to the Editor

In Quest of Epinephrines Optimal Route and Dose in Neonatal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
Are We There Yet?
PayamVali, MD, BobbyMathew, MD, and SatyanLakshminrusimha, MD ............................................................................... 239

Reply e
CecilieHalling, MD .......................................................................................................................................................... 239

Short-, Medium-, and Long-Term Assessment of Pulmonary Dysfunction in Extremely Low Birth
Weight Neonates
SaschaMeyer, MD, PhD, AxelR.Franz, MD, JohannesBay, MD, and LudwigGortner, MD ......................................................... 240

Reply
RobertaL.Keller, MD, and RobertaA.Ballard, MD ............................................................................................................... 241

European Paediatric Association Pages

Call for a European Paediatric Association/Union of National European Paediatric Societies
and Associations Survey on National Child Health Care Services for European Children with
Malignancies
GerhardGaedicke, MD, WibkeGronau, MD, HolgerLode, MD, and JochenEhrich, MD, DCMT ................................................. 243

Reader Services
Information for Readers ............................................................................................................................................ A8

Announcement and Upcoming Events . ........................................................................ Available at www.jpeds.com

Guide for Authors ............................................................................................................ Available at www.jpeds.com

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