Sie sind auf Seite 1von 8

$ +1 DP (" #%&%,-1

" . ( ( !'. %*. ( (. (. '. ') (') . "(%'.
( (. (. '. !+(,.
. *)"&. ,'. )(. (%. %.
(-#. !'. "(. ''!( . (". (. *(*%. $%"&''. ". '!.

 

.

   
    7  8   7 
 # 
   # 
   66s #    O ;8M
  t>         
 
    -!D8'O gn
   A U
+  >+     
 #    # #  \=Bj
 #  + 
 # 
   A>
Y
 #/-     
      b  #  
  
   +- C

        #

   + 
 
>         
   1  
     

8  ++ X# 
  / X     
   BBG #/

       f   b \ X Kr &"N'!O 8.ID'?F!O !BO =@<'.'D"BO 

  #
r C
      f 
 +
   
 8
n
c :
 / 
     A    +  - W 
 
M     
 
 7 +8 
  >  >+   
 
      
M t      | + #

  +  5-  f     A     
#    A  


   
     

8     
 #  
#

 5  #


   8 
     + +       #
   #
  
  
        
  
  
  #
 
  
 A  #

   |      

 #     r
n
 t       
    +

 
+ Q   
    
 6V

 A    - :  c  8 
- C   >   
 f > 
 #      8
   
    
    >   M  t  +#    
 #      -     - + >     
   
    #   
  8

       - Q 
 BVGZ   } 
    
   I+      
    
  R
   #
  / #
 
X +  
   >  
  f  W  
 
+  
   > #  ; f   
 


    i 
 #

#

 
#- R  #  M   
g4 -U:7#
 7# 
p  
  +  
     #

  
  7      
 8   #    
  
  c    / Ib        
 
    - C
 #
  
 #
   Ib 
            
  
  

  >    
 g>    #

#    /  g8 
       #


-U    #


   +  +U  gU 
   
 t  #      

S-
 \=BZ
  
  
    
    X
      5 - :
   - Q  

  A -  
  
     

  
 A   


7   BZ

X   
 4    #/8   ; 
 
n
    
    
 4  
 5    
 #  
 
       -    - Q  8    -
  #  M 
 
  f  
    #  
 S    
#   
#
 4     

  
     8  
    -T

# - n
    
  + 
 -     
 
   
     #

     
#

 
#

U         #


      + 

 M 
       57  / 
   + 7 
 
 
 >   
  
 # 


+     #
 A  8     + 
     
 
 
     B[K-
 
    g U - :   #     
 BK
C
     
   ;
    # 
          
  + #
 + #

  
  
 

#  +#- C
 # /  
     X  +   
 
 # 
/    >+  #
 
  + >   b b  +   +X  

  
 
 
 r : 
- C
 4  A   I  8 
 +
 c    5/L
   5
  +  #  
 S#  D(H!O D<O D&'BO !H(!8! O #   8
 ;  
     m  Q    
   
  


S \

1953 SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, INC


 + + {--=+ u6g u
- a=6 ga= 6{
$

$ $ $ "$ $ #$  $



$  $ 
$  $ $  $
$ ! $  $  $ $

Xp
KMLL $( (
Yp  ( ' %(

T!
HGGi  %( ( %(

&!

GIjJ  %( ( %(

V
( !(

OnPQ  %( ( %(

X
kNLL  $(

( $(


PRop  $( ( ) $ (


QqPr $( ( $ (


&
PstS  $(  ( % (


( ( "(

uTTs $( 


( ) $ (


vQpQ $(  ( $(



spSQ $(

 ( %(

jk

T
Kllm %(  ( %(

&!
V
wTsx $(  ( %(


( "(

ywPn  %( ( %(

X
Q
sz{Q  %(  ( &(

(
Zp 
  &(  (
Wp (#( &(

!)'* $%#'- '#& .f; LRRsjnf.n;9 LZ .Z ;~ }GLn; .[9 ^Z 'DMj 6Q.jjLB;j nD; n.0R; LZn^ &n.nMjnL6/R MjHL0s
.VaQ; zDL3D Lj o/0sQ/o;9 .0^w; ^sg 0/QQj /g; o^ 0; 9g/zZ LZ lt3 nM^Zj  zDL3D .g; LZ9L3/o;: 0 oD; 0f/3O;nj ^Z nD; Q;@o (D;g; .g;

.baQL;9 o^ oD;V nD;Z ;/3D D/l / bf^0.0LQLo ^@  Y /l lD^zZ LZ pD;


4;jjL^Z @g^V .Z sfZ (D; .g; L9;ZoL5/Q LZ ;w;f z/ ;~3;bp oD/p Bw; jo.nLjoL3/Q 9MjogL0soL^Zl @ oD; bgLZ3LbR; ^@ LZ9LA;g;Z3; Lj
k^V; .f; 0Qs; .Z9 j^V; zDLn; "^nDLZC Lj OZ^zZ D^z;w;f /1^so
nD; af^a^goL^Z ^@ 0Qs; o^ zDLn; 0/QQj LZ oD; sgZ Lgjo z; z/Zp Bgjo 5^QsVZ ^@  ;oD^:  "^{ oD; LZ9LwL9s.Q 9LjnfL0snL^Zj

af^0.0MRMnL; 0;@^g; nE; Bgjp 0.QQ Ll 9g/zZ +; QLjo sZ9;g Z


n^ 9;5L9; ^Z oD; LZLoL.Q bf^0/0LQLoL;l LZ pE; ;~b;fLV;ZooD; zLqDLZ ;.3D jn/oLjnL3/Q 9LjnfL0soL^Z .g; /llLCZ;9 bg^0.0LQLnL;l nD.q
.; /C.LZ :;o;gYLZ;: 0 oD; bgLZ3LbQ; ^@ LZ9LA;f;Z3; 'D; Bfln

 Y
9LwL9s.Q LjnfL0snL^Zj /QQ oD; b^jlL0Q; z/l LZ zDL3D nD; 9g/{ jo.oLlpL3/Q :LjohL0tnL^Z @^tg 0Qt;
D/l _ZQ ^Z; V;V0;f j^ Ln C;ol
LZC 5/Z nsfZ ^sp "^{ z; /bbQ oD; bgLZ3LbQ; ^@ LZ9LA;g;Z3; oD; @tQQ /V_tuo ^@ oD; bh^0/0LQLo o_ 0; :LjpgL0sn;9 ^g .l
|DL3D l.j nD.o L@ oD; ;xL9;Z3; 3^Zn/LZl Z^oDLZC nD/o @/x^hl _Z; jD^zZ LZ oD; j;3^Z9 3^QsVZ ^@  ;nE^:  (I; j;3^Z9 jn.nLj

 P
a^mjL0LRLo ^w;f .[^qD;g /QQ b^jjL0LQLoL;l Vsjn 0; 3^ZjL:;h;: oL3/T 9LjogL0soL^Z nDg;; 0Rs; ^Z; zDLn; D.j @^sf V;V0;fj l^ oD;
;ds.U ag^0/0R; 'D;f; /f; oz^ z/j o^ /bcR oD; afLZ5LbQ; r^ oELj ag^0/0LQLn Vtjp 0; jbQLo @^sf z.j o^ ;.5D &LVLQ/fQ nD;

.i; ( b^ljL0Q; 3/j;j 9LwL9LZC oD; bg^0.0LQNo ;es/QQ .V^ZC oE;W


;~.VbR; 'D; Bfjo Lj LQQslog/o;9 sZ9;f  ;oD^9  &LZ3; pE;g; g;V/LZLZC nDg;; ln.oLjpL3.Q 9LjofL0snL^Zj .f; 9LxL9;9 LZn^ nD;Lf LZ

CLw<j ;/3E / bg_0/0LQLo ^@  ( so nF;g; Lj /Z^oD;f z/ o^ Q^_P (P


9LxL:t/QV;V0;gjooD; ;~nf;V; gLCDoD/Z9 ^@ nD; n/0Q; /QQbg^0/
0LQLoL;j .g; 3^Zx;go;: o^ / Q;/jo 3^VV^Z :;Z^VLZ/o^g ^@ LZ
.n nD; n/0Q; Zjo;/: _@ n.OLZC LZp_ .53_sZp oD; ^g9;g LZ zEL3E ^f:;h o^ @/3LQLn/o; 3^Vb/hLZC /Z: 3^V0LZLZC nD;V ;oD^:  Ll
0Rs; /Z9 zDLo; otgZ tb z= 5/Z 3^Z3;Zog/n; ^ZQ _Z nD; o^n/S ZtX jsb;fL_h o^ ;oE^:  0;3/sj; Lp /jjLCZl bg^0/0LQLoL;j o^ @snsg;
2>fj ^@ 0Rs; .Z9 zDLn; LZ . 9f.zMZC.QQ 0Qs; nDf;; 0Qs; .Z: ^Z; ;y;Zol ^[ oD; 0.jLj ^@ nD; @f;es;Z3 ^@ nD;Lf b.jn ^63sff;Z3;

1953 SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, INC


3!% / !  2  !2$  .u
     0  /
    ? H    '
   3  30    ! !
3 0 5 
   O   %   !$$?


    $0  '$  .
h

3 '2      l


 /     $  .   

~ y d

!  %        


aa

  !   .2  (' Y

m^_
H 2. ( F% 2(2
_`    . 2  .2,  
_m _ l    3F% %

Ney erkn  F?^  (  %


     % 
  .0  (F  $;
   ' '$? ^  2   wY
_nyyym    '.F%
_mmdym 2  2  !'! 23 

dy        5 ! 


    %? }2  
/    2    2  !. 
 20  F$  2  
C : ?6:
 C
/ 2? N$.  !  %0 
6?  $0$'2


 0!F'. !.$
    %? Q 
 /  /  /  / / /  / / ! $ $. ( 
$&+*/ ,/ (&!/ *$&/
",./ &/ $/ ()! /  &'*.$-'#%/.   % ! 2   
.

    .     '3?
Q   3     $8
     2
 $.   (     F?

u
    k9 %!  $. 

N+ 9 *    F%0   $ 


F $ %  ! 0
YD I+6 9T2    ..2 %  '/? H
M        F 
O
D&[N,N /5 `s{xy Y  bs i C\NN
''"8 !'8 .

6D)B#O ;8O A;*.)DJO  


3  R!% '2 _%? ^ 
v
c s s
i u  ir si 8my
i{t in ;T8[A> is kGxys! yis osis
#sf 7`\jsRnL\C `fC/]L/nL`\ z`sR9 {ixs Pirs k {sr {oi oius u sp{{
Wi{ is{i {x{r ]RJ[A> s{ss" J s $2.3
RLO? n` z`fO zLnJ `s `] bf`0R?Vj i{ y U{os { #)8 Xi{ {  8 a{y xs{s
(  % 2   / 

Z'#IZ'#
jv8K
siys ois i# .0"61$ (+
HOAY VT;LA PT?ANZ 3
>[s 1,z $*4$617 4 8 ;ys @&@2
, .0      
 6 @ .$0863@ 00 6.'4@ 4A>;>;4A .'%$ % ? _%h!3($J
ys {js { y{xy
(@ 03.3 -9)@ ssr l{pi Ai .   ( !  '$ 
H  #6  !"0863  90.'(64@
yrAi up" .
{rs ksp{s s is F.2  ! 3 F   F 
H 8@ % (5@
k{xys yis% psis
|ixs `isr s{
3    5  

03 6.(4@ 34 3@ )@ ( <> ! c N_ c (U^c T
i& Fs{xy 4 {oys


! \ c  $  $  $M$       

 )+$c ,3) c 
44@
 -AIL;Mc  c 

 )+1c ,3)c ( $0    2    20
  0.*5@ *@ 4<46%4@ : 8 >
( %c N_c (;IDc  

 )+1c ,3)c  $  ? R.0  $ 
 #c N_c
,;WNKFTAc  $$c 
7.(@
 -AQLc c N_c      u  % 2 'Y
 .%1.)(6@ 3 6<@ )@  0NQAc PNYAQc " 
 )+2c ,3)c"$$" 
 )NLP;=Tc 4NYAQc $ """"c  2 ! '  %  3
28 7<@ .(63.@  )AMTAQc ,N>VSc !c N_c 
 )AMTAIc ,N=VSc "c N_c

 3(6 @ 28 6.'4@ )@  -AQLc "c N_c 
 $  3 $  3  2
.   %?
ir si ioyi{o yih s lss ;T8[A> DYTQ % ;T~
("#'8 Is{ {rs v dJ8N { ir v
/6@ % 7& 74@
 6.3.. @ 1(.%' @ N  . !  ! 3 /  
[J-AS[Z qs ^MJ[A> Z :s:e[s k{oi

ois u sp}{ Wi{ is{i Xi{


Pirs { Kii s isr ys{s l {sr {pi

 ;63 @ =3  +6 @ 280?@ < (.? H$ %    3

IUU'#
,(7@ . . . .--  u    $%  $  
.@ 4684@ &LAQF>;Mc :8NJJAMS;H c .M` .%0 
   
ST;MTcBO>VSFMDc;Tc9c 9c
9c 9 c AT>
c 7VQMc PNZARc
 k9 % 0 u 3   Y
P
TV<Ac TNc =JF=H MNc DVASSc [NQHc
,? z`sR9 RLO? n` 9Lj6sjj `sf bf`0R?V 0A;SVQASc =JNSA@ c !c A]TAM@A@c
   
0     

*0* z k0kz* 0
#c N_c 5VSTc PQNNBc >EQNLAc TV<ASc 3<bc
GA>TFXAc LLc &JJc c NPTF=c SVQB;=ASc )3'7a
+*c 6AAc c <VJJATc ENJASc ;Tc c CTc /A;TEAQc
%  M /0  $

15<; 1<;
>;SAc FM>JV@A@c ,A@?Q;Jc 7;\c CQA?c

8 *8 "#8 %&8 '% 8 i{wsr s u ug


'   ' . 0 

5 15<; [W
sur$ ;iy rs i{r < T > ={s .&)) rs{"
8rr Csrsi i$ Nsiys ois# i {prsr {y i
k{oi ("'$8 "#( %8 #8-. 8 &8 )-56-418    3! u3 /? H  J
Ts J^ l% &  E{" >A9NBYZ `8f[A>'
7- 8 -36
8 % 8 /0,+.28  8 >{i Zis _
 (0 '  ! .%  !

%

1953 SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, INC


(4+Op1 17NRH8E2,5ISPp p

TU :;

$, -P
&)#0+P
O?KV D"V )G-#D/:*V V AD@ KHV I-GV /FV K:!"DR
*?0:+V H."V FHD(FF"FV :!V FGD0:FV ?)V *D?M/:+V KAV
0HFV "4"HD03V -O!DK3/V ?DV 8"-:/4V ?8R
A@:";HFV 8OV M"33V "V V ADHV ?)V G-"V BD?3"8
V
-V O"DV M"V !"L"3?AV H@V :"MV FF
F"! L0"F V ?V D/:*V F?V 8>OV AD?!KGFV G?UV
FK"FF)K4V 8HKD/GOV M$V -L"V -!V G?V !"L0F"V
FA"030Q"!V D"F"D-V G%FG0:+V :!V AD@!KG0@<V
H"-:0CK#FVG-GV:V"VAA3/"!VG?VO@KDVAD?3"8
V
 ?D20:*V M0H-V P@KDV !"L"3?A8":HV ":*1:""DFV
M"V ;V D0:,V H?V "DV 2:@M3"!*"V +0:"!V 0;V H-"V
G?K+."FHV F-?@3V ?)V 33G-"V 0D@D:"V F-?@5V
M."D"V M"V 8""HV K:KFK3V ?:!0G0?:FV ?)V ?8S
A4"N0HOV "3"DG0?:V 70+.G;"FF M0G-V FHD":*G-V
, , H."V
. AD?3"8FV ?)V L0DH0?:V 08AHV ."G V
"V H2"V ?KHV *K"FFM?D2V OV ?:H0:K?KFV H"FG0=*
V
D?!KG0?:V G?V L0J0?:V FG:!D!FV 0FV ?KDV .0G
V
;V ?D!"DV H?V AAD0F"V G-"F"V )0H0"FV 0;V H-"V
30*.HV ?)V O?KDV ?M<V ":*/:""D/:*V :!V !"L"4?AT
9&:HV :""!FV M"!V 6/2"V G?V F":!V O@KV V )D""V ?AOV
?)V 2V J" 0:GQV ?"FV H V E0H"V
2V J #/:HQV : V "L"3?B8":GV
0L0F/@:V 3'L"3:!V  -0?V

rK EEE #! !'



( &
# ( (  

( $  (
 ( !( $( ## #
(   (
( $( %( !(
!( ( # ( !( *. # ! #!(

rK
 
( " ( +.  
!(
 &(

/ . i /
#!( 
(
! (

1953 SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, INC


3!"3!! "% 5  "
"!   $ , 4 $
,  !$ ,$ ,$ , L

' h? i $$$ /


$. ,< S !   
"   , A. , ! % O

JKP
  "%     

345PwxX#'5:$
%3<  " " " ,$ $.


O2

ga
( !  %  N   $ ,  
4    , %  Ay

 ;GDO "  ,< H"  


! $ , " 
$ %  


LP
" !,      !




"<

 #@ L
u 
N 6VkV " Q" ("

-IAB9PQ10
W  $ m;%   $ ! 
fN
g
 ",. "%  $.


-<=Mmp
Z    " , _%,h< W !



% kH CM ]
" "  !! . "  (  



 , 5$ %, !

9A[Q&nop
[

1MNP
0
" " "$    
,6(-

  O!, . "" 



 ,$ "    5 3



    "  "! "!

 _%< W ..$ "   
$;,, ""

MK2%=x
", N", 
c  .  "%(" !" "!, !J


" "   !! <U^!,


   "" "  !$
  $< S(  5  

"   "!. ,  /,   4 

/H
"  $ !$%  !   $


.
 / "    "  
&34?+,5$' `  ,$  !   ""


W "! 
 4 !  $   " 


9
  < }$m;h 

f/ < `  hp  ,  " ,  



Y  $;  " ,  ""
= 7 8
\
" 4     ,  

X

V0 d

> 6`
 !, O     
m
" "" l "!  !" ( L
  6G< N " 4 !  ,  

"?
3   " $  %  ,$ 
#%!'?
 %#?
 
%? 
? , " ,  / $ !  "
, 4F
?
 ? "% !&


%!? 
? ?  &? !   "  " 
? 4F F $%?
, 2=F = =F ) e ##?
( 2),F F EF +F )'/F F
R$ 4F O E
" . O  !    "  "


=
5 5F )=8;F "F @8= <0

;F
4 68 'F
=<F =F ( !   " 6\- Q
F4F N E
(F 78<)F A

FWLS)?8
!3=F <(4>-F  F
(FF = ( %9!  ! " " "%(" "! " 4

4F O
3)-F 8<
(F  58(F )8 !=4 !<F

4F N
@8=*<)2F 8F <(4>-F 

1 $ ,  $  !% $ 


'3 CF <(>,F F
 F%8
F
F &8 F ;F K
/F

;F    %  6=G  $< H"
4F m;%h     ,$  x
<
N !$$ m; A$ _ 


I A, "  ! ,  ( x
 %< a."  " /

&!;@KO


;$O +.'DJO   . !   "


, "  "  !, 
742F 9)7=F 4"F

,)#;)D 4>9F 8 -
   $,"  " 4
F "44=F 7 CF F B ,F
)-  F
4"F =(F ;

k lp
78)2 3F C4?F . 3 , 3  $. ( !  
$49F "85/)2F F -;F 1F
' .5':F ?*= ,F

 ( ,$
" . ) ,, 
 / _,
) .


J  J  J



w 4 M m; , , 
.st5 S
 J 
J

..
7;? /79.105? 897,<+;:? )<;? 57;? 244<:;9(;.-? :35*.?  
  "  ,$. 
. .)9<69>? h  6-=?
!    
 " /
;%'0O
129 D';9CO ;$O ,3(DJO "" !

 S

1953 SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, INC


 *
) * V]9-  *    I
I *

  
 * % *J
  - ~ N
5 * 
 J
    
 )    ) )
  
 * * ) %J
* 
 {
  
 )  O 
 )))  

   Y
   *); ) *   

- ^ 
 )   
 ! J
 
 )*   
 )) 

  
  %J
)  *) 
  ) J
   
   {
H
       )   % 
5 3  *     3 %
  ). - T
! 
 4 ) 
 ) 
  
 - T !  
)  { H 

) *  
 ! 6P  
)  i   
 M 

 )


 
 M

) 
 5 
  )  p- T
 
       B!!O
D4!O >%!O bjqCU
a 
  
    %

 " & * ($*  


 )    
 

)  %   
 6P ) J
*| T *
  %   %
"* *  
 *) )*   
 
% )))   6- S 
 $ *  % 
    ); )
 % 
 
 ) 
 O
 * (* 
)   l 
   

  J
 %  6[6P-
`    4
%
 )

 "* $# *       %- H

%

* 5   
 
4


*   * 
*   )      

`  
       
 5
#*  "* (%*   
 6P  )  
 
  - H
 * % 
%J

 
  
   

!#* '" *
*    P=6P-
S  
    
 $  " * ) '
! O
 )   
)  )     
  * x
*%  
%
  
  

 *)-    

) 4  
 
 

  - H

%
 * 


 
  l 
  
  %| W* O
 
  
 )  % 
  
 *);{ `  %  );

)-
^ R
) ^    % 
 E 6]l "ww O  *   
 )) )J
* -   
   
> "ww  *]}]  
   
 )  ia
\ )  * *  
 O 

   
 4 
 - N
 * % * 
 G=K- N 
l l i:<   
 ) * * 
 

 *   *%  6[6P- H




1953 SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, INC


  %  

  
&  
 @+ * IL&@ L x
@+  * 
 I
 ' ! O B[ BK @
@@  G=BK #
*
&  B=G :
I
 # 
 
&+ 
& 
8

"48* 
 *  & jj 
 

& *  &    L #


 & 
~& @ 


*  &@ 
  
&++  5+E
 

L+ c&   
   
+   &  
&+ &
 * *

&
&    * 

&ET #    & & +
ZD+=9.&" &!L  
 5   ! 
  


   7

u |u c\ u
  
&   LET   @

uukcuk | ku |vk L  /     


&  
 5&  
! 
& 
#*0 -")0 ()#')#"'0 ")#"0 #0  
 &    7 ! /
)0#)0 0/#*0 .")0)00)#00 '0    
      5
"0('$0 "0,,0, (,('00(#0 
  7 
 7
h
 E     
 Y

)0 (0 -)0 )0 +"0 /0 #+0 )0 () 0


)0  0 (#*0 0 ')0 "0 *"','(0 (0

   _
 
R :     & E


#
!%#')")0 ,")(0 .)0 *(0

0 )'# '#(#$(0 )0
P  &      ET 4

    


.#'(0 +"&+0 ()"'0 #'0
 "(#"0 '#(#%/0
&  
   ;  

0       
G "&   & #   &  EC
!  #  
& $ &   & ! & 
     !  &  



# &
 & &      &   
G " & &  &  EC
 &  
 
& 
 &
  &  & 4      
& ! &  ! & &  & i  7 #
 
  
 " !& 
 
! +  
 &  " &  &+  #pE~ 
  
& % &  & % & & *;#&c&  &  8
  &   
& " &   
  
& 
  & * I

2LPd <I2LPF$W=\0d 


 
 B[] T@ 
*&  i5
  &
  &

+$Dd .0FLITWP&W>LId $[U,:d


O$70d +$W%DL7d $I.d 3LPd $d OP$+W=b
BG=KZp  c&   & 
 8
LF(d OW>+$Dd L d  Wd
$[Dd W
d L+;0VW0Pd d
 $  B!!O
.BEO<.F7:O<$OE.! O a
 & 
   aE\  aE &
s[KZ ! G=KZ  % & 

 &  *%

%

 &
 
   s=Kj  % =Kj
 s=]- : 
 
 
 
 


& # L  & +  
s  G 

*  + #


 5 & 
 

! O 
  &  I
5E
R
$ :: & & R
 :  
 *!  &+ 8
# E:*& 
!'Y
&e 
  8

[ 333
 i
& 
 ; L
 &@ #
 &  *  5& 

 & 
  & @  
4@E C
 @ 
 

>AV  ga? /EEga[AgAh~F I+* *@ 


  & &
#

:  * BV\]  
 4

& &#! 
!    

1953 SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, INC


 ('(  1  'D 1' d('z
< S  :  1  '
'  - a 1   
(  4  R::0  
1       Dq
W D 1   y
  0    ('

 ( D ('7' z


0   1D0 
  1  /   1 

P:8CP<P>;?BPEP=9FP  q S((     z


  '    1  

;?pA6IP.1!)'1Kp   w 7 '  '0 


  1'    D 0

 '1 ('D 0

Pd@H7P.\pJ_GL p `       R   -


('1   7'd'-

 '  ('    ~


~  - C    d( 

0 R 1    0  


 U14  ('

FT@pf cz
n d(  w1  x
   D     
 d(    1  

|} )BV:6C1p
   < C  / (4 d  
(' '1w(e 

*DU30/`pYc
4 (e 1 oG99  ' ('e b
o]9  q :  /    (  y
 7 / D  4' (e 

 1
6=699  1 ('e0 k= 699 l 
'    /  
  '1 VP=699< }(( D 
:     0 /
         / v
 [Od XNd M4d 'J`X:@J8d
$C0d `M[Qd M^Jd O:MYM+MO?0Td
'   6=699  oG99  v
OQ?JX0/d^Q@XX1JdX`O0/d NQd /R'^Jd k[699  o]9 (  VP= 699  j
! " ! ^d @X:M[Xd X:1d E$)MQd *NX:1Qd ' ok q]9 :    ''   
1QQMQTd$J/d XAH1/1]M[RAJ8d/1X$@Ed
' 1 *r
M4d EMJ9:$J/d -NO`@J8d NRd Z`O@J8d
$J.d OSMM4Q0$/@J8"d Nd @Xd 'Td NJE`d C       
 d +$J#d  /      
MX:d $Q0d +MGO$+Xd E?7:Xd OMQ '  D  ' (  
X$)E0d " " " 6
d Xd ?Jd )Q?03d +$T0#d T0d  < 'd ( 0  
X:0Gd ^:0Q0\0Qd `M[Qd TM[Q+0d
' (  1
G$Y0Q?$Dd ?Td "d #d "d E?)Q$Q`d M5+0d
:MG0d $J`_:0Q0"d MY:d 6Xd @Jd  '  7 < W 
.1TCd .Q$^1Qd ^:0Jd JMXd ?Jd [T0 d  (( 0       
 d X:0d MKD`d +MO?0Qd   1    1'   (  
X:$Xd Q0OQM.[+0Td )MMCd MQd G$8$c
C & & 0     
a?J0d O$80Td $Td 0$T?E`d $Td E0XY0QTd
    1'       v
^?Y:M[Xd ? J B [ Q ` d YMd ) ? J.?J7 d
d X:0d OMQX$)D0d /Q`d q
OQM+0TTMQd X:$Yd/0]1DMOTd ^@X:M[Yd
F0TTd .$QCQMMFd TO0+?$Ed )$X:Td
'w 0 ` (    7 '
MQd [JOD0$T$JXd 3[G1T d QMGd
 + D
]p  ^p
' 1 
   0  1  
 (0   ((     7'

x:y;t.
  D  (   7 (z
 (   4  1

.
'    1  /D ' z
s.e
se.
  1( 
7- C D  1 '7'
    A     y
e- :      ' y
 1   6    GZ

 R [
      &v
 - ~   1   I

P O E D l_p   F   G )GDD


/    ('   
.
@ v

 \

1953 SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, INC

Das könnte Ihnen auch gefallen