Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
The phenomenon is dependent upon the initial fluid speed. If the initial speed of the fluid
is below the critical speed, then no jump is possible. For initial flow speeds which are not
significantly above the critical speed, the transition appears as an undulating wave. As the initial
flow speed increases further, the transition becomes more abrupt, until at high enough speeds,
the transition front will break and curl back upon itself. When this happens, the jump can be
accompanied by violent turbulence, eddying, air entrainment and surface undulations or waves.
OBJECTIVES
To investigate the characteristic of a hydraulic jump (standing wave) produced when water flows
beneath an undershot weir and to observe the flow patterns obtained.
THEORETICAL BACKGROUND
A hydraulic jump occurs when a supercritical flow changes to a subcritical flow. In such
cases, the elevation of the water surface increases suddenly in the direction of flow. The violent
motions of flow are accompanied by a significant loss of energy head through the jump. It is an
important phenomenon associated with the dissipation of energy in flows over dams, weirs, and
other hydraulic structure. The strength of the jump depends on the Froude Number of the flow
entering the jump. Figure 1 below shows an experiment set up which consist of a rectangular
flume and a sluice gate at the upstream part of hydraulic jump.
The type of jump is character is characterized by the Froude Number, at n sections of
rectangular flume which is defined as follows:
=
( )
It will be found that the jump is characterized by a strong dissipative action. The specific energy
(upstream and downstream of the jump) is calculated as follows:
2
E=h+
2
=1 -2
The power loss due to the jump in the rectangular flume can be estimated by:
= gQ
1 1.7 or 2 0.6
Where 1 and 2 represent the Froude Number of the upstream and downstream flow
respectively.
PROBLEM STATEMENT
- Fix the sluice gate in the rectangular flume at the location to be identified by lecturer.
- Identify the differences between the upstream and downstream depths of flow from the
experiment.
- Calculate the specific energy located at upstream and downstream and the power loss due
to the jump.
- The head loss and power loss due to the hydraulic jump are calculated.
- The Froude Number obtained classify the types or categories for the particular hydraulic
jump.
- To ensure the behavior over a range of Froude Number.
APPARATUS
1. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/236154641_Experimental_Study_of_Hydra
ulic_Jump_Characteristics_in_Sloping_Prismatic_Channels
2. http://www.brighthubengineering.com/hydraulics-civil-engineering/55054-open-
channel-flow-basics-hydraulic-jump-calculations/
3. https://www.scribd.com/doc/315983949/Hydraulic-Jump-Experiment-Complete-
Report