Building & Mechanical

Systems INTA322
Week 5 Assignment 2
Jesse Rotz
 Table of Contents
Pg. 3 W1A2 (Working with the Team)

Pg. 5 W1A3 (Climate Study)

Pg. 10 W2A1 (ADA Requirements)

Pg. 15 W2A2 (Case Studies of Different Structural Types)

Pg. 19 W3A1 (Indoor Air Quality/HVAC Design Scenario)

Pg. 22 W3A2 (Case Studies Heating & Cooling Design)

Pg. 26 W4A1 (Water System and Plumbing Design)

Pg. 29 W4A2 (Case Study Restroom Design)

Pg. 35 W5A1 (Fire Detection & Separation)

Pg. 38 W5A2 (Case Study Acoustics)

Pg. 40 Figure References & Works Cited

Building & Mechanical
Systems INTA322
Week 1 Assignment 2
Jesse Rotz
 Working with the Team
Code officials Interior designers work with the code officials in determining what type of building and accessibility codes need to be followed in order to have a
safe and code-compliant design. ADA codes, which were created by the Department of Justice and the Department of Transportation, are used to make sure
people who have disabilities have access to the building, whether new or existing (Using the ADA Standards). Each region has different building codes, so
working with these officials on each project is very important.

Architect Interior designers work with the architect who designed the building or who is reconfiguring the floor plan of an existing space. The designer is there
to help determine what the needs are for the space(s) and how to properly address them. Some say that architects and interior designers are the same, but this
is definitely not true. Although very similar, these two practices are very different in the things that they deal with. However, the relationship between these two
professions is vital. As one article states, The interior evolves directly from the formal and conceptual ideas of the building, and the building is (or should be)
directly impacted by programmatic and human behavioral constraints of the interior (Weigand, 2013).

Engineers Interior designers work with mechanical, electrical, and plumbing engineers. Mechanical engineers deal with the HVAC, heating, cooling, and
ventilation systems of a building. When working with mechanical engineers, the interior designer will help determine the number of occupants of a space and
will then work with the engineer to figure out what type of systems are needed for the project and how they will be incorporated into the space. This is essential
to know beforehand so the designer doesnt design something that will get in the way of where the engineers systems will go, typically in the ceiling. Electrical
engineers deal with load requirements for a spaces lighting, electrical closets, transformer rooms, etc. The interior designer will work with the electrical
engineer to determine what type of special requirements are needed for each space, such as special lighting requirements, outlet locations, etc. Plumbing
engineers deal with the water supply needs, waste water and venting needs depending on the location of plumbing fixtures. Interior designers will work with
plumbing engineers to determine what the requirements are for the specific plumbing fixtures planned for the space. The interior designer will also work with
this engineer when reworking the plumbing fixtures location in an existing building or space.

The Design Intent Interior designers are like the glue that holds every other department of the project together. They work with each team member to
determine the best possible outcome for each project. While interior designers dont tell each member what to do, they give insight as to what the needs and
design intent is for the project. This helps determine what each team member will do to contribute to the project to make sure everything works properly and is
safe.
Building & Mechanical
Systems INTA322
Week 1 Assignment 3
Jesse Rotz
 Cold Climate
2-story house
South-facing windows
Construction methods & materials:
Design the home with less surface area to reduce the
exposure to the low temperatures.
Position home that is close to a hillside so the slope is facing
south, this will protect the home from cold winds and will
also reduce the amount of heat loss.
Steep roofs are used to allow the snow to fall off more
easily.
Interior colors:
Dark colors will help absorb the solar heat.
Use and control of daylight:
Make sure to provide south-facing windows to allow solar
heat to enter the space.
Interior finishes:
Hardwood and carpet flooring help absorb solar heat and
retain it.
Provide baseboard heaters or radiant flooring to retain heat
on the first floor of a 2 story home.
Temperate Climate

Construction methods & materials:

Homes in these areas can have a more spaced out floor plan
since the climate changes from season to season.
Building materials include brick, siding, stucco, and stone.
Roofs in this region are typically hip or gable.
Interior colors:
Both dark and light colors can be used here since the
climate has both hot and cold temperatures.
East and
west-facing
Use and control of daylight:
windows Provide both east and west-facing windows to take in the
morning and evening solar heat during the winter months.
And the trees will allow shade during the summer months.
Interior finishes:
Hardwood, carpet, or tile flooring help are great options for
this region since it has both cold and hot temperatures.
 Hot/Arid Climate

Construction methods & materials:

Homes in these areas can have a more spaced out floor plan
and usually include a courtyard to allow for ventilation while
Courtyard
being shaded.
Building materials are typically stucco.
Flat roofs are typically used since snowfall almost never
happens.
Interior colors:
Light colors are used to reflect the sunlight and make the
spaces feel cooler.
East and west-
facing windows Use and control of daylight:
Deciduous trees placed on the east and west sides of the
house will shade the interior spaces from the harsh sunlight
during the hot months.
UV window treatments to allow the sunlight to come in
without having full solar heat.
Interior finishes:
Tile and concrete flooring are used to reflect the suns heat
and maintain a cool temperature inside.
 Interior Designers and Sustainable Design
The aspects that I think interior designers have the most impact on regarding sustainable design are the following;

Natural lighting This is a very important part of the design of a space. Natural lighting is not only a way to
eliminate the need for electric lighting during the day, but also provides health benefits for the occupants of the
space.

Materials There are many different manufacturers that make sustainable materials, whether it be for fabrics on
furniture, or flooring materials. Interior designers have a data base of resources for these type of materials. This
makes it fairly easy for the designer to find exactly what theyre looking for regarding sustainable materials.

Artificial lighting While natural light provides more than enough light to illuminate the interior space during the
day, when sun goes down, that is when the electricity comes on to maintain the illumination. Interior designers
can specify certain types of bulbs, such as LED, that use less electricity.

Interior shading Natural light is a powerful thing. It can allow heat to come into the interior space, which is great
during the winter months when trying to keep the home warm. But during the hot summer months, this can cause
the cooling systems to work harder to keep the temperature down. Shading systems are great ways to reduce
heat gain during this season. This can also be done by using a number of methods, such as, dark curtains, shades,
blinds, or window tinting systems.
Building & Mechanical
Systems INTA322
Week 2 Assignment 1
Jesse Rotz
Exit Stair Requirements

What would be required of the walls and doors that

enclose the stairs for fire safety?

The doors need to be 1-hour fire rated doors and the

walls need to have a 2-hour fire rating. The fire rating of
walls is determined by what the buildings type is.
Ramp Requirements

What is the maximum allowable slope for a ramp?

1:12 slope

What is the preferred slope for a ramp?

1:16 slope
Elevator Requirements

Identify one requirement for elevators relating to a

vision impairment.

Letters and symbols above and inside elevators need to

be in a 2 inch-sized font to allow users with a visual
impairment to be able to see this information.
 Types of Elevators

Geared-Traction Elevators:
These elevators use a smaller, cheaper, high-speed motor that moves at 450 feet per minute. Medium-rise buildings
use this type of elevator since they have a maximum rise of 350 feet.

Gearless-Traction Elevators:
These elevators dont use gears, and the motor runs at a slower speed of about 20 feet per minute. High-rise buildings
use this type of elevator. The motor is more efficient, quieter, need less maintenance, and last longer, but are more
expensive.

Hydraulic Elevators:
These elevators have a plunger attached to the bottom of the car that pushes the against oil that is under pressure.
They require a machine room at or near the bottom landing. Low-rise buildings use this type of elevator. It is slow, but
since the buildings are only up to 6 stories high, this isnt an issue. This elevator type can also be used with a glass-
enclosed observation cab.
Building & Mechanical
Systems INTA322
Week 2 Assignment 2
Jesse Rotz
 Johnson Wax Building

Location - Racine, Wisconsin

Architect Frank Lloyd Wright

Function Corporate offices and research laboratory

Figure 1

The building is made of brick and glass. Inside the Great

Workroom are dendriform columns that attach to the
glass ceiling above. The glass is actually glass tubing
which Wright designed in order to refract light and
eliminate glare. The design allows for an abundance of
natural light, but doesnt cause strain on the eye. This is
the perfect balance for human health within a working
environment (The Administration Building).
Figure 2
 Church of the Light

Location Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan

Architect Tadao Ando

Function Church

Figure 3

This building follows Tadaos minimalist design approach.

He wanted the building to be connected to nature. The
materials used are concrete and glass. The buildings
faade has no ornamentation except the cross extrusion
which is a way for the chapel to have light, but also
provides an artistic touch to the design. This cross
illuminates the space within while having a meaningful
impact on those who see it. The overall effect is peaceful,
light, and serene (Nyawara, 2015).
Figure 4
 Farnsworth House

Location Plano, Illinois

Architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe

Function Private residence (now a museum)

Figure 5

The Farnsworth House incorporated both the international style

and modern style. The goal was to juxtapose the clean-lined
architecture with the surrounding environment. So, glass walls
with steel columns was introduced to allow the landscape to enter
the spaces and almost remove the separation from interior to
exterior. The columns support the floating structure. A terrace was
also designed to allow for an outdoor space the homeowner could
use as well. The whole design allows for incredible natural light
Figure 6
with amazing views (Farnsworth House).
Building & Mechanical
Systems INTA322
Week 3 Assignment 1
Jesse Rotz
 Indoor Air Quality/HVAC Design Scenario
Design Solution:
Design Scenario:
The office building is located in Boulder, Colorado.
The building has water-damaged ceiling tiles.
The office space will remain occupied during the renovation
construction.
The client is considering replacing the windows of the building. The
space where the windows are located is on the west and south sides
of the building.
Flooring and wall finishes will all be replaced.
New furniture will be purchased.
After replacing ceiling tiles, make sure the exhaust fans are provided in every bathroom, and
kitchen area to allow for proper ventilation during the renovation. Also, check pipes above
ceiling to ensure they arent leaking. This will keep the ceiling tiles from getting water damage.
Also, provide air washer to control humidity and bacterial growth.
For wall finishes, make sure to specify VOC-free paint, or paint that has a VOC rating of less
than 100 grams per liter. Some manufacturers that sell this are Sherwin-Williams, Behr, The
Green Building Supply, and Benjamin Moore.
Fabrics for upholstery and drapery should be formaldehyde-free. Manufacturers that sell this
are Environment Furniture, Elka Home, Q Collection, Eco Balanza, and Lee Industries.
Keep windows and doors open while installing flooring, such as, carpets. This is for ventilating
gases from these materials while the installers are installing them.
Make sure to specify low-emission carpeting. These carpets have fusion-bonded backing and
use alternative fastening systems to eliminate latex and adhesives.
If choosing linoleum flooring, make sure it is natural linoleum. This is made of linseed oil, cork,
tree resin, wood flour, clay pigments, and jute backing. Be sure to provide proper ventilation
during the initial instillation to get rid of the existing VOCs.
Wallpaper should be made of paper, silk, cotton, or plant fiber to ensure low VOCs.
Provide room air cleaners that have a high efficiency over an extended period and doesnt
produce ozone levels higher than .o5 ppm. This will filter the air during the renovation process.
 Continued

Design Solution:
Providing large windows on the south side of the building will help heat the interior during the winter by solar gain. The west-facing windows should be a
little smaller and have a blind system to control the amount of heat the sun provides during the summer.

Change A/C filter regularly during the hottest months, about every 4-6 weeks, to make sure it doesnt affect IAQ. This will also help the efficiency of airflow.

Do not use dehumidifier while the air conditioning is running. This will increase the cooling load, which will force the A/C unit to work even harder to cool
the interior spaces.

Do not air-condition unused rooms

Building & Mechanical
Systems INTA322
Week 3 Assignment 2
Jesse Rotz
 The Tower at PNC Plaza

Location: Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

Architect: Gensler

Figure 6

Function: Corporate headquarters of the PNC Financial Services Group

Design: The building has a solar chimney, a double-skinned faade for

natural ventilation, and its own water recycling system. The solar
chimney and double-skinned faade allows the whole building to
naturally ventilate for 42% of the year. The water plant will recycle, treat,
and distribute rainwater and wastewater for flushing, cooling, and
irrigation. The way the ventilation system works is, the faades pop-out
windows will allow the air in, going through the work spaces, and up the
chimneys 2 vertical shafts to maintain temperature (Belko, 2015).

Figure 1
 USGBC Headquarters

Location: Washington, DC

Architect: Perkins+Will

Function: Office headquarters for the US Green Building Council

Figure 2

Design: The design for this building was to offer 30% better air quality,
save 40% more water, and use less than half the energy of comparable
office spaces. Motor-operated window systems adjust blinds according to
how intense the sunlight is coming in. This allows natural light to enter
the space, while reducing heat gain and glare. Occupancy monitors
sense when offices and workstations are occupied or and adjust
temperatures higher or lower by three degrees (ghtltd.com). An
artistic, 2-story, biophilic, chilled water wall is not only a focal point for
this space, but also improves the air quality within the office. Low-
temperature variable-air-volume diffusers also improve indoor air quality
(2012).
Figure 3
 Bud Clark Commons

Location: Portland, Oregon

Architect: Holst Architecture

Function: Supportive housing & community resource center

Figure 4

Design: This building is one of the top sustainable designs in America.

The 8 stories have apartments for homeless people to get them back on
their feet. Each of these units have balconies and a central courtyard
gives them access to fresh air as well. Floor-to-ceiling windows on the
first floor allow for an abundance of natural light to enter the space. The
temperature is maintained by a sensor that shuts off the heater when the
window is open. Each apartment has natural ventilation through a heat
recovery system. The building has a tight thermal envelope to reduce the
heating load (Bud Clark Commons).

Figure 5
Building & Mechanical
Systems INTA322
Week 4 Assignment 1
Jesse Rotz
 Water System and Plumbing Design
Water mains are large pipes that bring water for a public water system from the source and then transports it to the service connections at a particular
building. A service pipe that is installed by the public water utility begins at the water main and ends at the building. A water meter, which is either inside the
building, or in a curb box, measures and keeps track of the amount of water going through the service pipe. This meter also typically keeps track of sewage
disposal services. A control valve is within the curb box. This device shuts off the water supply to a building in an emergency, or if the owner of the building
doesnt pay their water bill. Within the building, a shutoff valve is also installed to be able to control the water supply from the inside.

Water pressure is a consideration for different fixtures within a building. Water supply pipes are sized to balance the difference between the service pressure
and the pressure required for fixture. So, if the pressure is still too high for a particular fixture, a pressure reducer or regulator can be installed on the fixture.

Water quality is another factor that should be taken into consideration. There are many ways in which water can become polluted. Some of these are
pesticides, cleaning solvents, and seepage from landfills can harm the water that we drink and use on a daily basis. These types of problems are more
common in rural areas.

Water coolers and heaters are a huge part of indoor plumbing. Every day we take a hot shower, and/or get a glass of cold water. These are necessities for
daily life. So, paying attention to energy efficient water heaters and coolers are very important to saving energy and reducing waste water.

For drainage of waste water, the pipes need to be larger and go directly downward. The turns for these pipes cannot be 90 degree angles, since there is a
greater risk of clogging. Gravity is the biggest factor that pulls the waste water down and out of the building. This is another reason the drainage system
needs to have straighter pipes that lead downward.

A trap is used to block the waste pipe that is close to the fixture so that the gas from the sewage isnt able to come back into the building. With every trap for
each fixture, a vent is also provided. Vent pipes are used to prevent pressures that would allow filthy water and sewer gases to come through the traps. A
vent is placed downstream a little from each trap in order to accomplish this (2009).
Supply/Waste Water Diagram
Vent to the outside

Vent piping

Vent piping

Vent piping
Supply piping

Waste piping
Building & Mechanical
Systems INTA322
Week 4 Assignment 2
Jesse Rotz
 Interior Designers vs Mechanical Engineers

Sizing the piping for the plumbing The pipes that carry the water supply in, and the pipes that carry the waste water out of a building
needs to be sized correctly in order to function properly. This information revolves around the mechanical engineer more than the interior
designer.

Determining the width needed for the plumbing chase The plumbing chase, or wet wall, is a thick wall that holds plumbing pipes
inside. The person in charge of figuring out the width needed for this wall is the mechanical engineer.

Determining the number of fixtures required as per the occupancy The interior designer is normally the one who figures out the
occupancy load and, from there, determines the required amount of fixtures needed for the public restroom.

Selecting the fixtures Although interior designers are typically the ones to select fixtures for residential clients, with a commercial
project, the mechanical engineer selects the fixtures that best suit the needs for the building. This is to ensure the building codes are being
met.
 Restroom Floor Plan

Sinks Sinks

Toilets Toilets
Restroom Elevation #1

6 min
36 min

33-36
17-19

17-19
16-18
 Restroom Elevation #2

54 min

12 max 42 min

33-36

15 min
42 max
 34 max

29 min

27 min
8 min

6 max

40 max
9 min
Restroom Elevation #3
Building & Mechanical
Systems INTA322
Week 5 Assignment 1
Jesse Rotz
 Fire/Smoke Detectors

Wilson cloud-chamber detector These are incipient-stage detectors. They use continuous air-sampling, so these type of detectors are very sensitive to
microscopic particles in the beginning stages of a fire. Wilson cloud-chamber detectors are typically used in museums, libraries, clean rooms, data-
processing spaces, and facility control rooms.

Projected-beam photoelectric smoke detector This is a smoldering-stage detector. There is a beam transmitter and receiver that are placed at opposite
ends of a room to detect when the beam becomes hidden. This type of detector is used in spaces with high ceilings, such as, atriums, malls, and
auditoriums.

Scattered-light photoelectric smoke detector This is also a smoldering-stage detector. It uses a pulsed light-emitting diode (LED) light beam that
reflects off of the smoke particles which sets off the alarm. These are used in commercial and high-end residential applications.

Ultraviolet-radiation detectors This is a flame-stage detector. They are great for long distances, due to their sensitivity. These detectors can react to fires
of organic materials. They can also detect reflected UV radiation from the walls and ceilings of a space. UV-radiation detectors are used in highly
flammable areas, such as, aircraft hangers, fueling stations, and flammable storage areas.

Linear units This is a heat-stage detector. This type of detector senses heat along the entire length of the unit. They react to the hot air convection from a
fire. These are used in cable trays and bundles, and for large or long equipment.

Ionization-type detector This is an incipient-stage detector. These detectors react when they sense particles from the beginning stages of a fire. They are
used in spaces with very little airflow. It should also not be installed in a space that is relatively warmer than the rest of the rooms of a building.
 Buildings and Fire Safety

There are many building codes that address how a particular building should be designed for fire safety. These are provided by the International Code Council
(ICC) and the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA). In this list of codes, there are categories of types of building and what materials should be used to
construct them. This is how a buildings structure is protected from a fire (American Chemistry Council).

Compartmentation of a building is how the interior spaces are designed within that particular building. It is the act of sub-dividing the building into a number
of compartments. This can restrict the spread of a fire since the spaces are more cut off from each other rather than being open. This also gives the occupants
more time to evacuate the building when a fire starts (Murfitt).

Accessibility documents, including the NFPA 101, state that if a building is fully protected by an approved sprinkler system, one floor of the building will be
designated as a place of refuge without any special fire-rated or smoke-resistant systems. This is due to the belief that a good sprinkler system will control the
fire. Also, a two-way communication system between each elevator landing and the fire command center will be provided to further ensure the occupants
that in case theyre stuck, help will be on the way (Cote, 2015).

Horizontal exits dont lead to the exterior of a building. It is actually a protected passageway that takes the occupants to a safe refuge within the building. The
walls of the horizontal exit uses fire-rated walls and doors to provide extra protection from fire (2006).

An escape route is really a way of planning in advance. Everything from the fire alarms to the smoke detectors helps us escape from a fire inside of a building.
So, it is crucial that when the designing of a building is in progress, the architect or mechanical engineer plans out where to place these alarms and detectors.
Also, planning on the quickest and most effective ways to exit a building is just as important for preventing any casualties from a fire (NFPA).

Non-combustible materials are used in the construction of buildings to prevent the spread of fire. These materials are made of steel, iron, concrete, and
masonry. No material is entirely flame-proof. Some other flame-retardant materials include gypsum wallboard, gypsum concrete, plaster, and mineral fiber
(2006).
 Acoustic Design Problems/Solutions
Open office areas The problem with open offices is the amount of people working in one open room without any barriers to block sound. This creates a lot of noise while workers are
trying to concentrate on their own specific jobs at their computer desks. The solution for this design problem would be to group cubicles together with the highest partition wall as
possible. Also ceilings and walls need to have acoustical panels to absorb sound that travels around the room. The most private cubicles, such as the executive office should be place at
the edge of the open office to allow as little sound transfer as possible.

Concert halls This type of space needs to have a long reverberation time for the music. There has to be a balance within this space. Using too many sound-absorbing techniques would
dull the sound of the performance, while using too many sound-reflecting methods would cause chaos with tones. Sound-masking units and convex diffusers that spread sound evenly
throughout the space will help the sound to reach out across the entire hall, but wont clash with other sounds. Sound-reflecting panels placed just above the performers on the stage will
also help the sound distribute out to the audience.

Auditoriums These spaces have many different uses, including verbal presentations and musical performances. There needs to be moveable acoustical treatments so it can work with
all of the different types of events that would take place here. The ceilings and side walls need to be close enough to the performers to have as little time delays between direct and
reflected sound as possible. Large tracked sound-absorbing curtains can be installed along the spaces boundaries. This will allow for an adjustable treatment. Upholstered seating with
an open-weave materials is very effective in allowing the space to sound the same regardless of how many people are present.

Theaters These spaces need to reinforce sound to allow the audience to be able to pick up on the lightest noises. A fan shapes plan allows more people to fit in the space, rather than a
basic rectangular plan. Ceilings should not be excessively high because the reverberation times are very long and need to be properly reinforced. Wall and ceiling surfaces need to have
sound-absorbing materials to control echoes.

Worship spaces These spaces usually have both music and speech in the same service. The materials for this type of space are usually designed to reflect sound to provide an
emotional effect when songs are played. Adjustable acoustical treatments are used when the preacher begins to give his speech. A sound-reflecting canopy over the pulpit will help the
preachers voice carry to the congregation.

Schools In a typical classroom sound absorption is crucial to the students ability to focus and complete their work. Sound-absorbing materials should be used throughout the space.
The ceiling tile should have an NRC rating of at least 0.7. The walls should provide ample privacy between classrooms. Doors should also have sound blocked from hallway noise. HVAC
systems should avoid excessive noise as well. In the dining area, the walls and ceiling should have sound-absorbing materials to dull the noise of hundreds of children. Kitchens should be
separate from the serving areas to reduce noise in the dining area.
 Works Cited
Building Systems for Interior Designers, 2nd Edition. John Wiley & Sons P&T, 05/2009. [The Art Institutes].
 Figure References
Figure 1 - < https://www.pinterest.com/pin/548454060852521091/ >

Figure 2 - < http://garvest.com/biurowce-romantyczne,2017.html >

Figure 3 - < https://www.pinterest.com/pin/325244404312024312/ >

Figure 4 - < https://aristipavlou.wordpress.com/tag/church-of-the-light/ >

Figure 5 - < https://www.pinterest.com/pin/486881409689935598/ >

Figure 6 - < http://oxidearchitecture.com/farnsworth-house-1951-mies-van-der-rohe/ >

 Figure References
Figure 1 - < http://www.archdaily.com/778873/the-tower-at-pnc-plaza-gensler >

Figure 2 - < http://www.architectureweek.com/2012/1003/index.html >

Figure 3 - < http://plus.usgbc.org/measure-of-success/ >

Figure 4 - < https://www.huduser.gov/portal/casestudies/study_12202012_1.html >

Figure 5 - < http://www.aiatopten.org/node/402 >

Figure 6 - < http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0038092X13001588 >

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< https://www.access-board.gov/guidelines-and-standards/buildings-and-sites/about-the-ada-standards/guide-to-the-ada-standards/chapter-1-
using-the-ada-standards >

Weigand, John. Interior Design and Architecture. Design Intelligence. Mar 20. 2013. Web. Jun 15. 2017.

< http://www.di.net/articles/interior-design-and-architecture/ >

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Binggeli, Corky. Building Systems for Interior Designers, 2nd Edition. John Wiley & Sons P&T, 05/2009. [The Art Institutes].

Holladay, Martin. Climate Affects Home Design. Green Building Advisor. Dec 25. 2015. Web. Jun 20. 2017.

< http://www.greenbuildingadvisor.com/articles/dept/musings/climate-affects-home-design >

Orientation/South Facing Windows. Green Passive Solar Magazine. N.d. Web. Jun 20. 2017.

< https://greenpassivesolar.com/passive-solar/building-characteristics/orientation-south-facing-windows/ >

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The Administration Building. SCJohnson.com. 2017. Web. Jun 26. 2017.

< http://www.scjohnson.com/en/company/architecture/Wright-Buildings/Wright-Buildings_Administration-Building.aspx >

Farnsworth House. Farnsworthhouse.org. N.d. Web. Jun 26. 2017.

< http://farnsworthhouse.org/ >

Nyawara, Brenda. Church of the Light by Tadao Ando. Archute. Nov 5. 2015. Web. Jun 26. 2017.

< http://www.archute.com/2015/11/05/church-of-the-light/ >

 Works Cited
Accessible Means of Egress. United States Access Board. N.d. Web. Jun 23. 2017.
< https://www.access-board.gov/guidelines-and-standards/buildings-and-sites/about-the-ada-standards/guide-to-the-ada-standards/chapter-4-accessible-means-of-
egress?highlight=WyJleGl0IiwiZXhpdHMiLCJleGl0aW5nIiwiZXhpdGVkIiwiJ2V4aXRzIiwic3RhaXJzIiwic3RhaXIiLCJleGl0IHN0YWlycyJd >

ADA Compliance. Nationwide Lifts. N.d. Web. Jun 23. 2017.

< http://www.elevators.com/ada-compliance/ >

Building Systems for Interior Designers, 2nd Edition. John Wiley & Sons P&T, 05/2009. [The Art Institutes].
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Anderberg, Jeremy. How to Keep Your House Cool (Without Cranking the A/C). Artofmanliness. Jun 1. 2016. Web. Jun 28. 2017.

< http://www.artofmanliness.com/2016/06/01/how-to-keep-your-house-cool-without-cranking-the-ac/ >

Bond, Annie. 23 Tips for Keeping the House Cool. Care2. N.d. Web. Jun 28. 2017.

< http://www.care2.com/greenliving/keep-house-cool-23-tips.html >

Building Systems for Interior Designers, 2nd Edition. John Wiley & Sons P&T, 05/2009. [The Art Institutes].
 Works Cited
Belko, Mark. PNC Shows off Tower, its Crown Jewel. Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Oct 1. 2015. Web. July 3. 2017.

< http://www.post-gazette.com/business/development/2015/10/01/PNC-opens-new-400-million-Downtown-headquarters-pittsburgh/stories/201510010199 >

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