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Understanding Colors and Gamut
Science Behind the Technology Spearhead Display
The newest gamut display from Tektronix is the Spearhead display, which shows Sat 100% Adj
ust
The Spearhead display can be used to quickly make color
ura White
the artistic metrics of color saturation and color value or lightness combined 100% tion RG adjustments. The setup or black level is easily set by
The television color specification is based on standards defined by the The primary colors, red, green and blue, can be mapped onto a Valid color gamut is defined as all colors represented by all possible White (HS BG
25% V) ain
with RGB gamut limits. This allows a colorist to adjust live video signals in the adjusting the image dot locations for alignment to the lower
CIE (Commission Internationale de Lclairage) in 1931. The CIE specified three-dimensional color cube. All colors can be represented within combinations of legal values of an RGB signal. Signals in other
HSV (Hue, Saturation, Value) space within the valid signal gamut range. 75%
50% corner of the Spearhead triangle. The RGB White or Gain
an idealized set of primary XYZ tristimulus values. This set is a group of the bounds of the RGB color cube. formats may represent colors outside valid gamut, but still remain
monochrome axis
75%
Adjust affects the image dot locations near the upper side of the
all-positive values converted from RGB where Y is proportional to the within their legal limits. These signals, when transcoded to the The Spearhead display is constructed by plotting the maximum of the
Gamma & Adjust triangle, increasing or decreasing the color Value or intensity.
luminance of the additive mix. This specification is used as the basis for RGB domain, will fall outside legal RGB limits. This may R, G, and B color values for each sample versus the minimum of 50%
100%
Gray-Scale The RGB black-level controls affect the image dot locations
Diamond Display
100% Chroma
color within todays video standards. lead to clipping, crosstalk, or other distortions. the three values. The resulting area is a triangle that represents Tracking near the lower side of the Spearhead triangle increasing
Lightness
the full RGB color gamut. This triangle is rotated and scaled 75%
or decreasing color Saturation. A chroma level change
Figure 1. CIE xy diagram with color coordinates used by ITU-R BT 709 A valid signal will remain legal when translated to such that the vertical axis (max + min / 2) represents 25%
l
eve
50%
and 2020 color spaces. Adjust
kL stretches or compresses the image dot locations along the
RGB or other formats. A valid signal is always Lightness and the horizontal axis (max min) represents SV
)
Setup Bla
c
25%
ue
(H GB horizontal axis, changing both Saturation and Value. Lastly,
legal, but a legal signal is not necessarily valid. non-normalized Saturation. Val st R
The CIE standardized a procedure 0% 0%
Adj
u the gray-scale balance of the RGB gamma controls affects
Signals that are not valid will be processed Black
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092016.AH 25W-15618-6