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Report No. 3
Submitted by Team 2-D
Entry no. Name Sections written Remarks
The objective of the project is to develop a working model from the setup of PCM
available to us in order to achieve food drying. Apart from that we also plan on improving the
efficiency of the current setup by modifying the structure of PCM pipes, if its possible, but
nevertheless we can adopt some design changes in the positioning of the inlet and outlet
valves so that there is a better heat transfer between the air and the PCM. But before that we
are fabricating a stand for the setup which will make it mobile and the setup after this
improvement can be manually adjusted in order to change the position with respect to the
sun. A screw jack mechanism would be incorporated on the stand to facilitate the manual change
of inclination. Moreover the stand leaves space for a small blower to be attached which
will act as an input of air for the setup and the output, which will be the heated air, can be
directly sent to the food chamber where various food stuff can be dried. Currently we have
completed the stand for the setup and we are ready to test after the instrumentation part is
over. This would include setting up data acquisition systems which are connected to
temperature sensors at the inlet and the outlet. These temperature sensors can be RTDs. So after
the several additions described above our setup would be ready to run.
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Team 2-D. Report 3
Contents
1. Introduction ...........................................................................................2
1.1 Background ......................................................................................... 2
1.2 Motivation ........................................................................................... 2
2. Objective ...............................................................................................2
2.1 Expected outcome ............................................................................... 2
2.2 Objective of the experiment ................................................................ 2
2.3 Intended benefit ................................................................................... 3
3. Experimental set-up ..............................................................................3
3.1 Design concept .................................................................................... 3
3.2 Theoretical basis .................................................................................. 4
3.3 Comparison of concepts ...................................................................... 4
3.4 Detailed engineering design ................................................................ 4
Bill of materials............................................................................................. 5
4. Experimental procedure ........................................................................5
4.1 Apparatus assembly............................................................................. 5
4.2 Detailed Engineering Design .............................................................. 6
4.3 Bill of Material .................................................................................... 8
4.4 Methods for conducting an experiment............................................... 8
5. Results ...................................................................................................9
5.1 Results of qualification experiments ................................................... 9
5.2 Experiments on Temperature parameter ............................................. 9
5.2.1 Precautions for experiment- ............................................................. 9
5.2.2 Result: .............................................................................................. 9
6. Discussion ...........................................................................................11
6.1 Findings of Experiment: .................................................................... 11
6.2 Effect of natural air flow: .................................................................. 11
7. Conclusions .........................................................................................11
7.1 Major conclusions of this work ......................................................... 11
7.2 Recommendations for further work .................................................. 11
8. Acknowledgements .............................................................................12
Page 1 of 16
Team 2-D. Report 3
1. Introduction
1.1 Background
Open sun drying is the most common method employed in tropical countries for the
drying of agriculture products. It involves laying the agriculture product in the sun on mats,
floor or roof. There are many disadvantages of this like dust contamination, microbial
contamination etc. This method requires large area of land and very time consuming. Recently
people are making efforts to make this process better and efficient. The concept of solar dryer
is an outcome of these. The amount of solar energy depends on the atmospheric situations and
is available only during day time. To make the dryer more efficient we have to store excess
amount of energy so that we can use this at the time when there is no solar energy. So we need
to develop a heat store system which uses Phase Change Material as energy storing device. We
are focused on finding out the feasibility of system and to carry out the experiment find out the
working efficiency of setup.
1.2 Motivation
Food drying technique using PCM is very helpful is reducing the drying time and in
increasing the efficiency of process. Less manpower is required in this and it is much simple
process. This system is very useful for the end user. It will reduce efforts and make the process
very simple and also there eliminates the problems like contamination by dust and insects. It
will be helpful to them financially also as it protects food product from outside conditions.
2. Objective
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2.3 Intended benefit
. Less manpower is required in this and it is much simple process. This system is very
useful for the end user. It will reduce efforts and make the process very simple and also there
eliminates the problems like contamination by dust and insects. It will be helpful to them
financially also as it protects food product from outside conditions.
3. Experimental set-up
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3.2 Theoretical basis
Identify the fundamentals that are the basis of the experiment. Subject-wise list the main
concepts, mathematical formulation and limitations.
Equation should be written as under.
Air flow (Q) measured in m3/min, can be described as a function of air speed (s), where
r is the distance from the center of the fan, l is the length of the maximum coverage radius, and
s is a function of r.
= 2 0 () (2.1)
= = 2 (2.2)
The variable, Q, can be divided by the electric power consumed, P, to derive the
performance measure (units m3/min/W).
Identify important correlations, if any.
Cite references as given after section 8
Discuss the findings of the three methods and the decision for arriving at a chosen
concept.
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4. Four Thermocouples
5. DAS(Data Acquisition)
Bill of materials
S.No Item Description Quantity Remarks Availability Vendor Contact no
in lab
5. Wheels 4 Available
4. Experimental procedure
Detail of Parts:
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1. The base for the box is a wooden hollow box made to contain the drying box element. This
wooden shallow box will be completely made of wood.
2. The Screw jack will be a rack and pinion gear responsible for the rotating movements
of the wooden box thereby rotating the drying box.
3. The base plate is made of steel and will be responsible for the stable movement
and support for the tilting of the wooden box.
4. Side angle will provide support for the whole design.
5. The support plate will be made from steel and will help to provide support against any
vibration and jerk.
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Figure 4 Engineering Drawing of Setup
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4.3 Bill of Material
4 Wheels 4 Steel
6 Thermocouple 4 N/A
Parts to be processed
Part 1 we have fabricated from wood in workshop, for part 2 we had mild
steel angles but they needed some modification. Mostly work of cutting of angles
is involved in this. Part 6 that is thermocouples, old thermocouples were not
working so we made new one.
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5. Results
5.2.2 Result:
Our main experiment was 2nd experiment and we have maximum amount of data for
that experiment and the maximum temperature is reached in this experiment itself. During
some part of experiment the computer goes in sleep mode so we dont have data for that period
of experiment from the data we have we can see the trend of temperature change inside the
PCM and the results are given below for regular interval of time
Data:
Sr. No Time Elapsed T1 T2 T3
1 0 30.1 30 29.2
2 10 30.9 30.7 29.8
3 20 32 31.6 30.9
4 30 34.1 33.4 32.3
5 45 36.6 36.2 34.4
6 55 37.6 37.3 35.4
7 65 39.1 38.9 36.9
8 75 40.3 40.2 38.1
9 179 47.7 47.6 46.4
10 189 48.3 48.3 47
11 199 49 48.8 47.4
12 209 49.2 49.1 47.7
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13 240 49.5 49.2 48.4
14 242 49.6 49.4 48.4
15 242 49.7 49.4 48.5
16 243 49.6 49.3 48.6
17 244 49.4 49.1 48.4
18 245 49.3 49 48.4
19 246 49 48.6 48.2
20 249 49.2 48.9 48.3
21 253 49.4 49.1 48.4
22 255 49.6 49.3 48.6
23 256 49.7 49.3 48.7
24 257 49.5 49.2 48.6
25 267 49.2 48.8 48.4
26 277 49.2 48.6 48.6
27 287 48.5 48 48.4
28 297 48.2 47.5 48.4
29 307 47.8 47.1 48.2
30 324 47.4 46.6 48
31 344 46.4 45.5 47.2
32 364 46 44.9 47
33 384 45.2 44.2 46.3
34 401 44.7 43.5 45.9
Graphical Representation:
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45
Temperature (C)
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T1
35 T2
30 T3
25
20
0 31 60 91 121 152 182 213 244 274 305 335 366 397
Time(min.)
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6. Discussion
7. Conclusions
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8. Acknowledgements
Apart from the efforts of our team, the success of this project depends largely on
the encouragement and guidelines of many others. We take this opportunity to
express our gratitude to the people who have been instrumental in the successful
completion of this project. We would like to show our greatest appreciation to
Professor S.R.Kale and Professor D Dasgupta. We cant say thank you enough
for their tremendous support and help. We felt motivated and encouraged
throughout the project work. They kept us motivated to push our limits and
always tried to give us the engineering aspect of this project which will be very
helpful for us in future. Without there encouragement and guidance this project
would not have materialized. We would also like to acknowledge the support we
got from the T.As Mr. Rahul Sharma and Mr. Abhishek.K.Singh. They were
very supportive during every phase of project. There seniority and experience
helped us in many way during this project. We would like to say thank you for
their guidance.
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Annexure 3-B
Our main motive in start of this course is to make the setup moveable. For this we need a bed
for the last setup, a setup which has wheel so that we can move it outside and structure to
support the entire weight of PCM chamber. We made a bed from wood for PCM chamber and
provide support from side by a metal strip. We uses parts of an old Amirah to attach PCM
chambers base to moveable part and hinge this with nuts and bolts. This will provide rotational
motion to the chamber. We fix the angle of inclination by attaching an angle. Parts in the
assembly are connected via these angles only and by using nuts and bolts.
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Annexure 3-D
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