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Education Standards
Core Content and Skills, K12
Special thanks to the following organizations for their The Future of Sex Education (FoSE) Initiative is a
partnership in developing and disseminating the National partnership between Advocates for Youth, Answer and
Sexuality Education Standards: Content and Skills, K12: the Sexuality Information and Education Council of the
U.S. (SIECUS) that seeks to create a national dialogue
The American Association of Health Education (www.
about the future of sex education and to promote the
aahperd.org/aahe) serves educators and other professionals
institutionalization of comprehensive sexuality education
who promote the health of all people through education
in public schools. To learn more, please visit
and health promotion strategies.
www.futureofsexed.org.
The American School Health Association (www.ashaweb.
This publication was generously supported by a grant from
org) works to build the capacity of its members to plan,
an anonymous source and The George Gund Foundation.
develop, coordinate, implement, evaluate and advocate for
effective school health strategies that contribute to optimal The partners wish to thank Danene Sorace, consultant to the
health and academic outcomes for all children and youth. FoSE Initiative for her hard work and dedication.
The National Education Association Health Information
Network (www.neahin.org) works to improve the health
and safety of the school community through disseminating
information that empowers school professionals and 2011 the Future of Sex Education Initiative
positively impacts the lives of their students. Suggested citation: Future of Sex Education Initiative. (2012).
The Society of State Leaders of Health and Physical National Sexuality Education Standards: Core Content and
Education (www.thesociety.org) utilizes advocacy, Skills, K-12 [a special publication of the Journal of School
partnerships, professional development and resources to Health]. Retrieved from http://www.futureofsexeducation.
build the capacity of school health leaders to implement org/documents/josh-fose-standards-web.pdf
effective health education and physical education policies
and practices that support success in school, work and life.
Table of Contents
National Sexuality Education Standards: 4
Core Content and Skills, K12 Advisory Committee
Additional Reviewers 5
Introduction and Background 6
Rationale for Sexuality Education in Public Schools 7
The National Sexuality Education Standards 8
Role of Education Standards 8
Goal of the National Sexuality Education Standards 9
Guiding Values and Principles 9
Theoretical Framework 9
Topics and Key to Indicators 10
Standards by Grade Level 12
Standards by Topic Area 24
National Resources 37
For Teachers 36
For School Administrators 38
For Parents 38
For Middle and High School Students 38
Glossary 39
References 41
National Sexuality Education Standards
4
Additional Reviewers
Additional Reviewers
Drafts of the sexuality education core content and skills Nancy Hudson, RN, MS, CHES, Council of Chief State
document were reviewed by a diverse group of profes- School Officers
sionals with expertise in sexuality, public education, public Linda Juszczak, National Assembly on School-Based
health, child and adolescent medicine, and psychology. We Health Care
wish to thank these individuals for their work: Maureen Kelly, Planned Parenthood of the Southern
Finger Lakes
JeNeen Anderson, MPH, National Association of State Emily Kitchen, Indiana University Student
Boards of Education
Douglas Kirby, PhD, ETR Associates
Deborah Arrindell, American Social Health Association
Cynthia Lam, Sex, Etc. Teen Editorial Staff
Elissa M. Barr, PhD, University of North Florida
Jessica Lawrence, MS, Bogli Consulting, Inc.
Heather Boonstra, Guttmacher Institute
Konstance McCaffree, PhD, CFLE, CSE, Widener University
Diane Brown, EdD, Widener University
Ronna Popkin, MS, Columbia University
Kim Robert Clark, DrPH, San Bernardino County
Superintendent of Schools, CA Valerie Rochester, Black Womens Health Imperative
Stephen Conley, PhD, American School Health Association John Santelli, MD, MPH, Columbia University
Sam Dercon, Sex, Etc. Teen Editorial Staff Debra Shapiro, Society for Public Health Education
Bonnie J. Edmondson, EdD,Connecticut State Department Samantha Shinberg, Advocates for Youth Intern
of Education
Susan Telljohann, HSD, CHES, University of Toledo
Barb Flis, Parent Action for Healthy Kids, MI
Melanie Tom, Asian Communities for Reproductive Justice
Veronica Bayetti Flores, National Latina Institute for
Reproductive Health Al Vernacchio, MSEd, Friends Central School, PA
Elizabeth Gallun, MA, Prince Georges County Public Jenna Weiss, University Middle School, NJ
Schools, MD
David Wiley, PhD, Texas State University
Melissa Grigal, East Brunswick School District, NJ
Kelly Wilson, PhD, CHES, Texas State University
The Rev. Debra W. Haffner, MPH, M.Div., Religious Institute
Pam Wilson, MSW, Sexuality Educator and Trainer
Bonni C. Hodges, PhD, State University of New York College
at Cortland Susan N. Wilson, MSEd, Sexuality Education Consultant
Heather Holaday, District of Columbia Public Schools Michael Young, PhD, FAAHB, New Mexico State University
Mark Huffman, MTS, Independent Trainer and Consultant
Pete Hunt, MPH, MEd, Centers for Disease Control and The reviewers above provided many valuable comments
Prevention (CDC),Division of Adolescent and School Health to the draft documents. Organizational affiliations are
included for identification purposes only.
5
National Sexuality Education Standards
6
Rationale for Sexuality Education in Public Schools
7
National Sexuality Education Standards
levels.22 23 24 25 In 2004, National Public Radio (NPR), the fulfill a key recommendation of the White House Office of
Kaiser Family Foundation and the Kennedy School of Gov- National AIDS Policys National HIV and AIDS Strategy for
ernment released a poll that indicated: the United States, which calls for educating all Americans
Ninety-three percent of parents of junior high school about the threat of HIV and how to prevent it. This recom-
students and 91 percent of parents of high school stu- mendation includes the goal of educating young people
dents believe it is very or somewhat important to have about HIV and emphasizes the important role schools can
sexuality education as part of the school curriculum.
play in providingaccess to current and accurate informa-
Ninety-five percent of parents of junior high school
students and 93 percent of parents of high school tion. The strategy notes that it is important to provide
students believe that birth control and other methods access to a baseline of information that is grounded inthe
of preventing pregnancy are appropriate topics for benefits of abstinence and delaying or limiting sexual activ-
sexuality education programs in schools. ity, while ensuring that youth who makethe decision to
Approximately 75 percent of parents believed that be sexually active have the information they need to take
the topic of sexual orientation should be included in
sexuality education programs and discussed in a way steps to protect themselves.27
that provides a fair and balanced presentation of the
facts and different views in society. In addition, the National Sexuality Education Standardssat-
isfy a key recommendation of the Office of the Surgeon
Eighty-eight percent of parents of junior high school
students and 85 percent of parents of high school stu- Generals National Prevention and Health Promotion
dents believe information on how to use and where to Strategy, which calls for the provision of effective sexual
get contraceptives is an appropriate topic for sexuality health education, especially for adolescents. This strategy
education programs in schools.26
notes that medically accurate, developmentally appropri-
The National Sexuality Education Standards set forth mini- ate, and evidence-based sexual health education provides
mum, essential sexuality education core content and skills students with the skills and resources that help them make
responsive to the needs of students and in service to their informed and responsible decisions.28
overall academic achievement and sexual health. They
National Sexuality
Education Standards
The Role of Education Standards develop at different rates and some content may need to
be adapted based on the needs of the students.
Educational standards are commonplace in public educa-
tion and are a key component in developing a rich learning Sexuality education standards specifically should accom-
experience for students. The purpose of standards in gen- plish the following:
eral is to provide clear expectations about what students Provide a framework for curriculum development,
should know and be able to do by the conclusion of certain instruction and student assessment.
grade levels. Other equally important components of the Reflect the research-based characteristics of effective
student learning experience include pre-service teacher sexuality education.
training, professional development and ongoing support Be informed by relevant health behavior theories and
and mentoring for teachers, clear school policies that sup- models.
port sexuality education implementation and the teachers Focus on health within the context of the world in
who deliver sexuality education, a sequential, age-appro- which students live.
priate curriculum that allows students to practice key skills Focus on the emotional, intellectual, physical and
social dimensions of sexual health.
and assessment tools for all of these elements.
Teach functional knowledge and essential personal
Standards are an important part of the educational pro- and social skills that contribute directly to healthy
cess, but they do not provide specific guidance on how a sexuality.
topic area should be taught. They also generally do not Focus on health promotion, including both abstinence
address special needs students, students for whom English from and risk reduction pertaining to unsafe sexual
behaviors.
is their second language, or students with any of the other
unique attributes of a given classroom or school setting. Consider the developmental appropriateness of mate-
rial for students in specific grade spans.
In addition, although recommendations made here are Include a progression from more concrete to higher-
based on grade level, children of the same age often order thinking skills.
8
National Sexuality Education Standards
9
National Sexuality Education Standards
Susceptibility. It is widely understood that many Skills. Mastery of functional knowledge is necessary
young people do not perceive that they are suscep- but not sufficient to influence behaviors. Skill devel-
tible to the risks of certain behaviors, including sexual opment is critical to a students ability to apply core
activity. Learning activities should encourage students content to their lives.29
to assess the relative risks of various behaviors, with- In addition to social learning theory, social cognitive theory
out exaggeration, to highlight their susceptibility to (SCT) is reflected throughout the National Sexuality Educa-
the potential negative outcomes of those behaviors. tion Standards. Like social learning theory, SCT emphasizes
Self-Efficacy. Even if students believe they are suscep- self-efficacy, but adds in the motivation of the learners and
tible, they may not believe they can do anything to an emphasis on the affective or emotional learning do-
reduce their level of risk. Helping students overcome main, an invaluable component of learning about human
misinformation and develop confidence by practicing sexuality.30
skills necessary to manage risk are key to a successful Finally, the social ecological model of prevention also
sexuality education curriculum. informed the development of these standards. This model
Social Norms. Given that middle and high school focuses on individual, interpersonal, community and soci-
students are highly influenced by their peers, the per- ety influences and the role of these influences on people
ception of what other students are, or are not, doing over time. Developmentally, the core content and skills for
influences their behavior. Debunking perceptions and kindergarten and early elementary focus on the individual
highlighting positive behaviors among teens (i.e., the student and their immediate surroundings (e.g., their
majority of teens are abstinent in middle school and family). At the middle and high school levels, core content
early high school and when they first engage in sexual and skills focus on the expanding world of students that
intercourse many use condoms) can further the adop- includes their friends and other peers, the media, society
tion of health-positive behaviors. and cultural influences.31
10
Topics and Key Indicators
Analyzing Standard 2 Students will analyze the influence of family, peers, culture, media, technology and other factors on
Influences health behaviors.
INF
Accessing Standard 3 Students will demonstrate the ability to access valid information and products and services to enhance
Information health.
AI
Interpersonal Standard 4 Students will demonstrate the ability to use interpersonal communication skills to enhance health and
Communication avoid or reduce health risks.
IC
Decision-Making Standard 5 Students will demonstrate the ability to use decision-making skills to enhance health.
DM
GoalSetting Standard 6 Students will demonstrate the ability to use goal-setting skills to enhance health.
GS
Self Management Standard 7 Students will demonstrate the ability to practice health-enhancing behaviors and avoid or reduce health
SM risks.
Advocacy Standard 8 Students will demonstrate the ability to advocate for personal, family and community health.
ADV
11
12
Standards by Grade Level
Grade K-2
Core Concepts Analyzing Accessing Interpersonal Decision-Making Goal Setting Self-Management Advocacy ADV
CC Influences INF Information AI Communication IC DM GS SM
Anatomy & Physiology
By the end of Use proper
the 2nd grade, names for body
National Sexuality Education Standards
Explain what
bullying and
teasing are
PS.2.CC.2
13
Standards by Grade Level
14
Grade 3-5
Core Concepts Analyzing Accessing Interpersonal Decision-Making Goal Setting Self-Management Advocacy ADV
CC Influences INF Information AI Communication IC DM GS SM
Anatomy & Physiology
By the end of Describe male Identify medically-
the 5th grade, and female accurate
students should reproductive information about
be able to: systems including female and male
body parts and reproductive
their functions anatomy
AP.5.CC.1 AP.5.AI.1
National Sexuality Education Standards
Describe how
puberty prepares
human bodies
for the potential
to reproduce
PAD.5.CC.3
Identity
By the end of Define sexual Identify parents Demonstrate ways Demonstrate
the 5th grade, orientation as or other trusted to treat others with ways students can
students should the romantic adults of whom dignity and respect work together to
be able to: attraction of an students can ask ID.5.SM.1 promote dignity
individual to questions about and respect for all
someone of the sexual orientation people
same gender or a ID.5.AI.1 ID.5.ADV.1
different gender
ID.5.CC.1
Core Concepts Analyzing Accessing Interpersonal Decision-Making Goal Setting Self-Management Advocacy ADV
CC Influences INF Information AI Communication IC DM GS SM
Pregnancy and Reproduction
By the end of Describe
the 5th grade, the process
students should of human
be able to: reproduction
PR.5.CC.1
Sexually Transmitted Diseases and HIV
By the end of Define HIV and
the 5th grade, identify some
students should age appropriate
be able to: methods of
transmission,
as well as ways
to prevent
transmission
SH.5.CC.1
Healthy Relationships
By the end of Describe the Compare positive Identify parents Demonstrate positive Demonstrate ways
the 5th grade, characteristics and negative ways and other trusted ways to communicate to treat others with
students should of healthy friends and peers adults they can differences of opinion dignity and respect
be able to: relationships can influence talk to about while maintaining HR.5.SM.1
HR.5.CC.1 relationships relationships relationships
HR.5.INF.1 HR.5.AI.1 HR.5.IC.1
Personal Safety
By the end of Define teasing, Explain why Identify parents Demonstrate ways to Discuss effective Persuade others to
the 5th grade, harassment and people tease, and other trusted communicate about ways in which take action when
students should bullying and harass or bully adults they can tell how one is being students could someone else
be able to: explain why others if they are being treated respond when they is being teased,
they are wrong PS.5.INF.1 teased, harassed or PS.5.IC.1 are or someone harassed or bullied
PS.5.CC.1 bullied PS.5.AI.1 else is being teased, PS.5.ADV.1
harassed or bullied
PS.5.SM.1
15
Standards by Grade Level
16
Grades 6-8
Core Concepts Analyzing Accessing Interpersonal Decision-Making Goal Setting Self-Management Advocacy ADV
CC Influences INF Information AI Communication IC DM GS SM
Anatomy and Physiology
By the end of Describe male Identify accurate
the 8th grade, and female sexual and credible
students should and reproductive sources of
be able to: systems including information about
body parts and sexual health
their functions AP.8.AI.1
AP.8.CC.1
National Sexuality Education Standards
Identify prenatal
practices that can
contribute to a
healthy pregnancy
PR.8.CC.6
Sexually Transmitted Diseases and HIV
By the end of Define STDs, Identify medically-
the 8th grade, including HIV, accurate
students should and how they information about
be able to: are and are not STDs, including HIV
transmitted SH.8.AI.1
SH.8.CC.1
Compare and Analyze the Demonstrate the Develop a plan Describe the steps
contrast behaviors, impact of alcohol use of effective to eliminate or to using a condom
including and other communication skills reduce risk for correctly
abstinence, drugs on safer to reduce or eliminate STDs, including SH.8.SM.1
to determine sexual decision- risk for STDs, including HIV
the potential making and HIV SH.8.GS.1
risk of STD/HIV sexual behaviors SH.8.IC.1
transmission SH.8.INF.1
from each
17
Standards by Grade Level
SH.8.CC.2
18
Grades 6-8 (continued)
Core Concepts Analyzing Accessing Interpersonal Decision-Making Goal Setting Self-Management Advocacy ADV
CC Influences INF Information AI Communication IC DM GS SM
Sexually Transmitted Diseases and HIV (continued)
By the end of Describe the Identify local STD
the 8th grade, signs, symptoms and HIV testing
students should and potential and treatment
be able to: impacts of STDs, resources
including HIV SH.8.AI.2
SH.8.CC.3
Healthy Relationships
National Sexuality Education Standards
By the end of Compare and Analyze the ways Explain the criteria
the 8th grade, contrast the in which friends, for evaluating
students should characteristics family, media, the health of
be able to: of healthy society and culture a relationship
and unhealthy can influence HR.8.SM.1
relationships relationships
HR.8.CC.1 HR.8.INF.1
Describe the
potential impacts
of power
differences such
as age, status or
position within
relationships
HR.8.CC.2
Describe the Analyze the impact Demonstrate effective Develop a plan Describe strategies
advantages and of technology skills to negotiate to stay safe when to use social media
disadvantages of and social media agreements about the using social safely, legally
communicating on friendships use of technology in media and respectfully
using technology and relationships relationships HR.8.GS.1 HR.8.SM.2
and social media HR.8.INF.2 HR.8.IC.3
HR.8.CC.5
Core Concepts Analyzing Accessing Interpersonal Decision-Making Goal Setting Self-Management Advocacy ADV
CC Influences INF Information AI Communication IC DM GS SM
Personal Safety
By the end of Describe Identify sources Demonstrate ways to Describe ways to Advocate for safe
the 8th grade, situations and of support such communicate with treat others with environments
students should behaviors that as parents or trusted adults about dignity and respect that encourage
be able to: constitute other trusted bullying, harassment, PS.8.SM.1 dignified and
bullying, sexual adults that they abuse or assault respectful
harassment, can go to if they PS.8.IC.1 treatment
sexual abuse, are or someone of everyone
sexual assault, they know is PS.8.ADV.1
incest, rape and being bullied,
dating violence harassed, abused
PS.8.CC.1 or assaulted
PS.8.AI.1
Explain that no
one has the right
to touch anyone
else in a sexual
manner if they
do not want
to be touched
PS.8.CC.3
Explain why
a person who
has been raped
or sexually
assaulted is not
at fault
PS.8.CC.4
19
Standards by Grade Level
20
Grades 9-12
Core Concepts Analyzing Accessing Interpersonal Decision-Making Goal Setting Self-Management Advocacy ADV
CC Influences INF Information AI Communication IC DM GS SM
Anatomy and Physiology
By the end of Describe the
the 12th grade, human sexual
students should response cycle,
be able to: including the role
hormones play
AP.12.CC.1
Puberty and Adolescent Development
National Sexuality Education Standards
Distinguish
between sexual
orientation,
sexual behavior
and sexual
identity
ID.12.CC.2
Pregnancy and Reproduction
By the end of Compare and Analyze Access medically- Demonstrate ways to Apply a decision- Describe the steps
the 12th grade, contrast the influences accurate communicate decisions making model to using a condom
students should advantages and that may have information about about whether or to choices about correctly
be able to: disadvantages an impact on contraceptive when to engage in contraception, PR.12.SM.1
of abstinence deciding whether methods, sexual behaviors including
and other or when to including PR.12.IC.1 abstinence and
contraceptive engage in sexual abstinence and condoms
methods, behaviors condoms PR.12.DM.1
including PR.12.INF.1 PR.12.AI.1
condoms
PR.12.CC.1
Core Concepts Analyzing Accessing Interpersonal Decision-Making Goal Setting Self-Management Advocacy ADV
CC Influences INF Information AI Communication IC DM GS SM
Pregnancy and Reproduction (continued)
By the end of Define Access medically-
the 12th grade, emergency accurate
students should contraception information
be able to: and describe its and resources
mechanism of about emergency
action contraception
PR.12.CC.2 PR.12.AI.2
Identify the
laws related to
reproductive
and sexual
health care
services (i.e.,
contraception,
pregnancy
options, safe
surrender
policies, prenatal
care)
PR.12.CC.3
Compare and
contrast the
laws relating
to pregnancy,
adoption,
abortion and
parenting
PR.12.CC.6
21
Standards by Grade Level
22
Grades 9-12 (continued)
Core Concepts Analyzing Accessing Interpersonal Decision-Making Goal Setting Self-Management Advocacy ADV
CC Influences INF Information AI Communication IC DM GS SM
Sexually Transmitted Diseases and HIV
By the end of Describe Explain how to Demonstrate skills to Apply a decision- Analyze individual
the 12th grade, common access local STD communicate with a making model responsibility about
students should symptoms of and and HIV testing partner about STD and to choices testing for and
be able to: treatments for and treatment HIV prevention and about safer sex informing partners
STDs, including services testing practices, including about STDs and HIV
HIV SH.12.AI.1 SH.12.IC.1 abstinence and status
SH.12.CC.1 condoms SH.12.SM.1
SH.12.DM.1
National Sexuality Education Standards
Evaluate the Analyze factors Access medically- Develop a plan Describe the steps Advocate for
effectiveness that may influence accurate to eliminate or to using a condom sexually active
of abstinence, condom use and prevention reduce risk for correctly youth to get
condoms and other other safer sex information about STDs, including SH.12.SM.2 STD/HIV testing
safer sex methods decisions STDs, including HIV HIV and treatment
in preventing the SH.12.INF.1 SH.12.AI.2 SH.12.GS.1 SH.12.ADV.1
spread of STDs,
including HIV
SH.12.CC.2
Describe the
laws related to
sexual health care
services, including
STD and HIV testing
and treatment
SH.12.CC.3
Healthy Relationships
By the end of Describe Explain how media Demonstrate Demonstrate effective
the 12th grade, characteristics can influence how to access strategies to avoid
students should of healthy and ones beliefs about valid information or end an unhealthy
be able to: unhealthy what constitutes and resources to relationship
romantic and/or a healthy sexual help deal with HR.12.IC.1
sexual relationships relationship relationships
HR.12.CC.1 HR.12.INF.1 HR.12.AI.1
Describe a
range of ways to
express affection
within healthy
relationships
HR.12.CC.2
Explain why
a person who
has been raped
or sexually
assaulted is not
at fault
PS.12.CC.4
23
Standards by Grade Level
24
Standards by Topic Area
Anatomy and Physiology
Core Concepts Analyzing Accessing Interpersonal Decision- Goal Setting Self-Management Advocacy ADV
CC Influences INF Information AI Communication IC Making DM GS SM
By the end of the 2nd grade, students should be able to:
Use proper
National Sexuality Education Standards
Describe how
puberty prepares
human bodies for
the potential to
reproduce
PD.5.CC.3
By the end of the 8th grade, students should be able to:
Describe the Analyze how Identify medically- Demonstrate
physical, social, peers, media, accurate sources the use of a
cognitive and family, society and of information decision- making
emotional culture influence about puberty, model to evaluate
changes of self-concept and adolescent possible outcomes
adolescence body image development and of decisions
PD.8.CC.1 PD.8.INF.1 sexuality adolescents might
PD.8.AI.1 make
PD.8.DM.1
By the end of the 12th grade, students should be able to:
Analyze Analyze how Apply a decision-
how brain peers, media, making model to
development family, society, various situations
has an impact on religion and relating to sexual
cognitive, social culture influence health
and emotional self-concept and PD.12.DM.1
changes of body image
adolescence and PD.12.INF.1
early adulthood
25
Standards by Topic Area
PD.12.CC.1
26
Identity
Core Concepts Analyzing Accessing Interpersonal Decision- Goal Setting Self-Management Advocacy ADV
CC Influences INF Information AI Communication IC Making DM GS SM
By the end of the 2nd grade, students should be able to:
Describe Provide examples of
differences and how friends, family,
similarities in media, society and
how boys and culture influence
girls may be ways in which boys
expected to act and girls think they
ID.2.CC.1 should act
ID.2.INF.1
National Sexuality Education Standards
Distinguish
between sexual
orientation,
sexual behavior
and sexual
identity
ID.12.CC.2
Pregnancy and Reproduction
Core Concepts Analyzing Accessing Interpersonal Decision- Goal Setting Self-Management Advocacy ADV
CC Influences INF Information AI Communication IC Making DM GS SM
By the end of the 2nd grade, students should be able to:
Explain that all
living things
reproduce
PR.2.CC.1
By the end of the 5th grade, students should be able to:
Describe
the process
of human
reproduction
PR.5.CC.1
By the end of the 8th grade, students should be able to:
Define sexual
intercourse and
its relationship
to human
reproduction
PR.8.CC.1
Explain the Identify medically- Demonstrate the Apply a decision- Describe the steps
health benefits, accurate resources use of effective making model to using a condom
risks and about pregnancy communication and to various sexual correctly
effectiveness prevention and negotiation skills health decisions PR.8.SM.1
rates of various reproductive about contraception PR.8.DM.1
methods of health care including abstinence
contraception, PR.8.AI.1 and condoms
including PR.8.IC.2
abstinence and
condoms
PR.8.CC.3
27
Standards by Topic Area
PR.8.AI.2
28
Pregnancy and Reproduction (continued)
Core Concepts Analyzing Accessing Interpersonal Decision- Goal Setting Self-Management Advocacy ADV
CC Influences INF Information AI Communication IC Making DM GS SM
By the end of the 8th grade, students should be able to:
Describe the Identify medically-
signs and accurate sources of
symptoms of a pregnancy-related
pregnancy information and
PR.8.CC.5 support including
pregnancy options,
safe surrender
policies and prenatal
National Sexuality Education Standards
care
PR.8.AI.3
Identify prenatal
practices that
can contribute
to a healthy
pregnancy
PR.8.CC.6
By the end of the 12th grade, students should be able to:
Compare and Analyze influences Access medically- Demonstrate ways to Apply a decision- Describe the steps
contrast the that may have accurate communicate decisions making model to using a condom
advantages and an impact on information about about whether or to choices about correctly
disadvantages deciding whether contraceptive when to engage in contraception, PR.12.SM.1
of abstinence or when to methods, including sexual behaviors including
and other engage in sexual emergency PR.12.IC.1 abstinence and
contraceptive behaviors contraception and condoms
methods, PR.12.INF.1 condoms PR.12.DM.1
including, condoms PR.12.AI.1
PR.12.CC.1
Identify the
laws related to
reproductive and
sexual health
care services (i.e.,
contraception,
pregnancy options,
safe surrender
policies, prenatal
care)
PR.12.CC.3
Core Concepts Analyzing Accessing Interpersonal Decision- Goal Setting Self-Management Advocacy ADV
CC Influences INF Information AI Communication IC Making DM GS SM
By the end of the 12th grade, students should be able to:
Describe Analyze internal Access medically-
the signs of and external accurate
pregnancy influences on information about
PR.12.CC.4 decisions about pregnancy options
pregnancy options PR.12.AI.3
PR.12.INF.2
Compare and
contrast the
laws relating
to pregnancy,
adoption,
abortion and
parenting
PR.12.CC.6
29
Standards by Topic Area
30
Sexually Transmitted Diseases and HIV
Core Concepts Analyzing Accessing Interpersonal Decision- Goal Setting Self-Management Advocacy ADV
CC Influences INF Information AI Communication IC Making DM GS SM
By the end of the 2nd grade, students should be able to:
No Items
By the end of the 5th grade, students should be able to:
Define HIV and
identify some
age-appropriate
methods of
National Sexuality Education Standards
transmission,
as well asways
to prevent
transmission
SH.5.CC.1
By the end of the 8th grade, students should be able to:
Define STDs, Identify medically-
including HIV, accurate
and how they information about
are and are not STDs, including HIV
transmitted SH.8.AI.1
SH.8.CC.1
Compare Analyze the Demonstrate the Develop a plan Describe the steps
and contrast impact of alcohol use of effective to eliminate or to using a condom
behaviors, and other communication skills reduce risk for correctly
including drugs on safer to reduce or eliminate STDs, including SH.8.SM.1
abstinence, sexual decision- risk for STDs, including HIV
to determine making and HIV SH.8.GS.1
the potential sexual behaviors SH.8.IC.1
risk of STD/HIV SH.8.INF.1
transmission
from each
SH.8.CC.2
Describe the
laws as they
relate to
sexual health
care services,
including STD
and HIV testing
and treatment
SH.12.CC.3
31
Standards by Topic Area
32
Healthy Relationships
Core Concepts Analyzing Accessing Interpersonal Decision- Goal Setting Self-Management Advocacy ADV
CC Influences INF Information AI Communication IC Making DM GS SM
By the end of the 2nd grade, students should be able to:
Describe the Identify healthy ways
characteristics of for friends to express
a friend feelings to each other
HR.2. CC.2 HR.2.IC.2
By the end of the 5th grade, students should be able to:
Describe the Compare positive Identify parents Demonstrate positive Demonstrate ways
National Sexuality Education Standards
characteristics and negative ways and other trusted ways to communicate to treat others with
of healthy friends and peers adults they can differences of opinion dignity and respect
relationships can influence talk to about while maintaining HR.5.SM.1
(e.g., family, relationships relationships relationships
friends, peers) HR.5.INF.1 HR.5.AI.1 HR.5.IC.1
HR.5.CC.1
By the end of the 8th grade, students should be able to:
Compare and Analyze the ways Explain the criteria
contrast the in which family, for evaluating
characteristics friends, peers, the health of a
of healthy media, society relationship
and unhealthy and culture HR.8.SM.1
relationships can influence
HR.8.CC.1 relationships
HR.8.INF.1
Describe the
potential
impacts
of power
differences such
as age, status or
position within
relationships
HR.8.CC.2
Describe a
range of ways to
express affection
within healthy
relationships
HR.12.CC.2
33
Standards by Topic Area
34
Personal Safety
Core Concepts Analyzing Accessing Interpersonal Decision- Goal Setting Self-Management Advocacy ADV
CC Influences INF Information AI Communication IC Making DM GS SM
By the end of the 2nd grade, students should be able to:
Explain that Identify parents Demonstrate how to Demonstrate how
all people, and other trusted respond if someone is to clearly say no,
including adults they can tell touching them in a way how to leave an
children, have if they are feeling that makes them feel uncomfortable
the right to tell uncomfortable uncomfortable situation, and how
others not to about being PS.2.IC.1 to identify and talk
touch their body touched with a trusted adult if
when they do PS.2.AI.1 someone is touching
National Sexuality Education Standards
Explain what
bullying and
teasing are
PS.2.CC.2
Explain why a
person who has
been raped or
sexually assaulted
is not at fault
PS.8.CC.4
By the end of the 12th grade, students should be able to:
Compare Access valid Demonstrate effective Advocate for safe
and contrast resources for help ways to communicate environments
situations and if they or someone with trusted adults that encourage
behaviors that they know are about bullying, dignified and
may constitute being bullied harassment, abuse or respectful
bullying, sexual or harassed, assault treatment of
harassment, or have been PS.12.IC.1 everyone
sexual abuse, sexually abused or PS.12.ADV.1
sexual assault, assaulted
incest, rape and PS.12.AI.1
dating violence
PS.12.CC.1
35
Standards by Topic Area
36
Personal Safety (continued)
Core Concepts Analyzing Accessing Interpersonal Decision- Goal Setting Self-Management Advocacy ADV
CC Influences INF Information AI Communication IC Making DM GS SM
By the end of the 12th grade, students should be able to:
Analyze the Describe potential Demonstrate ways Identify ways in which
laws related to impacts of power to access accurate they could respond
bullying, sexual differences information and when someone else
harassment, (e.g., age, status resources that is being bullied or
sexual abuse, or position) provide help for harassed
sexual assault, within sexual survivors of sexual PS.12.IC.2
incest, rape and relationships abuse, incest, rape,
dating violence PS.12.INF.1 sexual harassment,
National Sexuality Education Standards
Explain why
a person who
has been raped
or sexually
assaulted is not
at fault
PS.12.CC.4
National Resources
National Resources
For Teachers Healthy Teen Network
1501 Saint Paul Street, Suite 124
Teachers can find print resources, learn about professional Baltimore, MD 21202
development opportunities and obtain technical assistance (410) 685-0419
www.healthyteennetwork.org
through the following national organizations:
Advocates for Youth National Association of School Nurses
2000 M Street NW, Suite 750 8484 Georgia Avenue, #420
Washington, D.C. 20036 Silver Spring, MD 20910
(202) 419-3420 (240) 821-1130
www.advocatesforyouth.org www.nasn.org
American Association for Health Education NEA Health Information Network
1900 Association Drive 1201 16th Street, NW #216
Reston, VA 20191 Washington, DC 20036
(800) 213-7191 (202) 822.7570
www.aahperd.org/aahe www.neahin.org
American School Health Association Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation
4340 East West Highway Suite 403 2400 Sand Hill Road
Bethesda, MD 20814 Menlo Park, CA 94025
(800) 455-2742 (650) 854-9400
www.ashaweb.org www.kff.org
American Social Health Association Rape, Abuse & Incest National Network (RAINN)
P.O. Box 13827 2000 L Street NW, Suite 406
Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 Washington, DC 20036
(919) 361-8400 (202) 544-1034
www.iwannaknow.org www.rainn.org
Answer Resource Center for Adolescent Pregnancy Prevention
41 Gordon Road, Suite C (ReCAPP)
Piscataway, NJ 08854 ETR Associates
(732) 445-7929 P.O. Box 1830
http://answer.rutgers.edu Santa Cruz, CA 95061
(800) 321-4407
Association for Middle Level Education www.etr.org/recapp
(formerly National Middle School Association)
4151 Executive Parkway, Suite 300 Sexuality Information and Education Council of the United
Westerville, OH 43081 States (SIECUS)
(614) 895-4730 90 John Street, Suite 402
www.amle.org New York, NY 10038
(212) 819-9770
Gay, Lesbian & Straight Education Network www.siecus.org
90 Broad Street, 2nd Floor www.sexedlibrary.org
New York, NY 10004
(212) 727-0135 The National Campaign to Prevent Teen and
www.glsen.org Unplanned Pregnancy
1776 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Suite 200
Guttmacher Institute Washington, D.C. 20036
125 Maiden Lane, 7th Floor (202) 478-8500
New York, NY 10038 www.teenpregnancy.org
(212) 248-1111
www.guttmacher.org
37
National Sexuality Education Standards
38
Glossary
Glossary
Abortion Bisexual
A medical intervention that ends a pregnancy. A term used to describe a person whose attraction to other
people is not necessarily determined by gender. This is dif-
Abstinence ferent from being attracted to all men or all women.
Choosing to refrain from certain sexual behaviors for a pe-
riod of time. Some people define abstinence as not having Body Image
vaginal intercourse, while others define it as not engaging How people feel about their body. This may or may not
in any sexual activity. match a persons actual appearance.
39
National Sexuality Education Standards
Gay Lesbian
A term used to describe people who are romantically and A term used to describe women who are romantically and
sexually attracted to people of their same gender. Gay sexually attracted to other women.
women will often use the word lesbian.
Medically-Accurate
Gender Grounded in evidence-based, peer-reviewed science and
The emotional, behavioral and cultural characteristics at- research.
tached to a persons assigned biological sex. Gender can be
understood to have several components, including gender Puberty
identity, gender expression and gender role (see below). A time when the pituitary gland triggers production of tes-
tosterone in boys and estrogen and progesterone in girls.
Gender Expression Puberty typically begins between ages 9 and 12 for girls,
The manner in which people outwardly expresses their and between the ages of 11 and 14 for boys, and includes
gender. such body changes as hair growth around the genitals,
menstruation in girls, sperm production in boys, and much
Gender Identity more.
Peoples inner sense of their gender. Most people develop
a gender identity that corresponds to their biological sex, Rape
but some do not. A type of sexual assault that involves forced vaginal, anal,
or oral sex using a body part or object.
Gender Roles
The social expectations of how people should act, think Sexual Abuse
and/or feel based on their assigned biological sex. Sexual abuse is any sort of unwanted sexual contact often
over a period of time. A single act of sexual abuse is usually
Harassment referred to as a sexual assault (see below).
Unwelcome or offensive behavior by one person to an-
other. Examples are making unwanted sexual comments to Sexual Assault
another person, sending unwanted sexual texts, bullying or Any unwanted sex act committed by a person or people
intimidation. against another person.
40
References
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Accessed September 28, 2011; Diagnoses of HIV infection
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Behaviors and Academic Achievement. Atlanta, GA: 2010. vey. Washington, DC: National Public Radio, Kaiser Family
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