Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
d d
C E dl = dt S B dS = dt
dl E
C n
B
S
d d
C E dl = dt S B dS = dt
dl E
C n
B
S
The emf generated around a closed contour C is
related to the time rate of change of the total
magnetic flux through the open surface S bounded
by that contour.
Faradays Law (III)
d d
C E dl = dt S B dS = dt
Lenzs Law: The emf induced in the contour is of a polarity
that tends to generate an induced current
whose magnetic flux tends to oppose any
change in the original magnetic flux.
i
E
B --- B
Vind d
+++ Vind =
dt
Faradays Law (IV)
Top view
B
---
B +
Vind Vind
N turns -
+++
d
Vind =N
dt
Linear DC Machine
Induced Voltage from a Moving Bar
B B
+
+
l Vind
Vind
- v v
-
0 x
= BA = Blx
d dx
Vind = = Bl = Blv
dt dt
Magnetic Force Biot-Savarts Law
B dF = idl B
dF
idl
l F F=Bli
i
Linear Machine Case 1 (Motor, No Load)
i B
t=0 R +
VB Vind l
Find
-
0 x
VB
1. t = 0, close the switch, it =0 = , Find = Blit =0
R
dv
Find = M , M : mass of bar, v : velocity of bar. The bar will accelerate.
dt
VB Vind
2. v , Vind = Blv , i = , Find = Bli
R
3. When Vind = VB , i = 0, Find = 0, no force is on the bar.
The machine reaches steady state with constant velocity v.
Vind VB
From Vind = Blv, we have v = = .
Bl Bl
Linear Machine Case 2 (Motor, with Load)
i B
t=0 +
R
VB Vind Fload l
Find
-
0 x
VB
1. t = 0, close the switch, it =0 = , Find = Blit =0 ,
R
dv
Fnet = Find Fload The bar will accelerate if Fnet > 0. Fnet =M
dt
VB Vind
2. v , Vind = Blv , i = , Find = Bli
R
3. When Find = Fload or Fnet = 0, motor reaches steady state with constant velocity v.
Find Vind
From Find = Fload = Bli, we get i = . Vind = VB -iR = Blv, we have v = .
Bl Bl
Linear Machine Case 3 (Generator)
i B
R +
Vind Find l
Fapply
-
0 x
dv
1. t = 0, apply Fapply , the bar will accelerate. Fapply = M
dt
Vind
2. v , Vind = Blv , i = , Find = Bli , opposite to Fapply or against the motion.
R
3. When Fnet = Fapply Find = 0, reaches steady state with constant velocity v.
Fapply Vind
From Find = Fapply = Bli, i = . From Vind = iR = Blv, v = .
Bl Bl
Linear Machine Case 4 (Mixed - 1)
i (t=) B
t=0
R i(t=0) +
VB Fload Fapply l
Vind
- F (t=) Find (t=0)
ind
0 x
Assume Fext = Fapply Fload > 0
VB
1. t = 0, close the switch and apply Fapply , it =0 = , Find = Bli in the direction of Fapply
R
dv
Fnet = Fapply + Find Fload . The bar will accelerate if Fnet > 0. Fnet = M
dt
V Vind
2. v , Vind = Blv , i = B , Find = Bli .
R
When Vind = VB , i = 0, Find = 0.
Since Fext = Fapply Fload > 0, the bar will still accelerate.
Linear Machine Case 4 (Mixed - 2)
B
t=0
R i(t=0) +
VB Fload Fapply l
Vind
- F (t=) Find (t=0)
ind
0 x