TEST CODE 02138020

FORM TP 2011237 MAY/JUNE 2011

CAR I B B EAN E XAM I NAT I O N S C O U N C I L

ADVANCED PROFICIENCY EXAMINATION

PHYSICS

UNIT 1 Paper 02

2 hours 30 minutes

READ THE FOLLOWING INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY.

1. This paper consists of SIX questions, divided into Sections A and B.

2. Section A consists of THREE questions. Candidates must attempt ALL

questions in this section. Answers for this section must be written in the
spaces provided in this question paper.

3. Section B consists of THREE questions. Candidates must attempt ALL

questions in this section. Answers for this section must be written in the
spaces provided in this question paper.

4. Diagrams may be drawn in pencil but all writing must be in ink.

5. All working MUST be CLEARLY shown.

6. The use of silent non-programmable calculators is permitted, but candidates

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will be penalised.

Copyright 2009 Caribbean Examinations Council

All rights reserved.
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LIST OF PHYSICAL CONSTANTS

Universal gravitational constant G = 6.67 x 1011 N m2 kg-2

Acceleration due to gravity g = 9.80 m s-2

1 Atmosphere Atm = 1.00 x 105 N m-2

Boltzmanns constant k = 1.38 x 10-23 J K-1

Density of water = 1.00 x 103 kg m-3

6SHFLFKHDWFDSDFLW\RIZDWHU   -NJ-1 K-1

6SHFLFODWHQWKHDWRIIXVLRQRILFH   [5 J kg-1

6SHFLFODWHQWKHDWRIYDSRUL]DWLRQRIZDWHU   [6 J kg-1

Avogadros constant NA = 6.02 x 1023 per mole

Molar gas constant R = 8.31 J K-1 mol-1

Stefan-Boltzmanns constant = 5.67 x 10-8 W m-2 K-4

Speed of light in free space c = 3.00 x 108 m s-1

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SECTION A

Answer ALL questions.

You MUST write your answers in the spaces provided in this answer booklet.

1. (a) Figure 1 shows a skydiver of mass mIDOOLQJXQGHUWKHLQXHQFHRIJUDYLW\DQGDGUDJ

force Fd that is proportional to v n (Fd = bv n), where v is the velocity of the skydiver as she
falls, b is a constant and n is an integer.

Figure 1

(i) Next to Figure 1 draw a free body diagram to show the forces acting on the sky-
diver. [ 1 mark ]

(ii) Hence show that when her downward acceleration is a, the equation of motion for
the skydiver can be written as
b
__
ga= vn .
m

[ 2 marks]

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(b) Table 1 shows data recorded for the acceleration and velocity of the skydiver as she
underwent free fall.
TABLE 1
Acceleration Velocity
g a/m s2 lg (g a) lg v
a/m s2 v/ms1
9.41 10
8.91 15
8.24 20
7.36 25
6.28 30
5.00 35

  L &RPSOHWH7DEOHE\OOLQJLQWKHEODQNFROXPQV  [ 3 marks]

(ii) On page 4, plot a graph of lg (g a) vs lg v. [ 3 marks]

(iii) Calculate the gradient of the graph and hence determine a value for n (to the
nearest integer).

[ 3 marks]
(iv) Calculate the terminal velocity of a skydiver with a mass of 78.5 kg, given that
b = 0.251 kg m1.

[ 3 marks]
Total 15 marks
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NOTHING HAS BEEN OMITTED.

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2. (a) Figure 2 shows a loudspeaker sounding a constant note placed above a long vertical tube
containing water which slowly runs out at the lower end.

Speaker A.F generator

Water

Figure 2

(i) Describe and explain what is heard at a certain level as the water runs out at the
lower end.

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________
[ 2 marks]

(ii) What name is given to this phenomenon?

_________________________________________________________________
[ 1 mark ]

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(b) The frequency of a vibrating string is given by , where T is the tension in the

string, is the mass per unit length of the string and l is the length of the string.

While the tension of a vibrating string was kept constant at 100 N, its length was varied
in order to tune the string to a series of tuning forks. The results obtained are shown in
Table 2.
TABLE 2
Frequency of Fork, f
256 288 320 384 450 512
(Hz)
Length of String, l
0.781 0.695 0.625 0.521 0.444 0.391
(m)
1/l (m1)

  L &RPSOHWHWKHWDEOHE\OOLQJLQthe values for 1/l. [ 1 mark ]

(ii) On page 9, plot a graph of frequency f vs 1/l. [ 3 marks]

(iii) Use the graph to determine the frequency of an unmarked fork which was in tune
with 41.7 cm of the string.

[ 2 marks]
(iv) Calculate the gradient of the graph.

[ 3 marks]

(v) Determine the value of the mass per unit length, , of the wire.

[ 3 marks]

Total 15 marks
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700

650

600

550

450

400

350

300

250

200
1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0

1/ Length (m -l )

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3. D 'HQHWKHWHUPVSHFLFODWHQWKHDWRIIXVLRQRIDVXEVWDQFH
______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________
[ 1 mark ]

(b) A solid of mass 2.0 kg receives heat at the rate of 1.0 105 J per minute. Its temperature,
T LQ . GXULQJ WKH UVW  PLQXWHV RI WKH H[SHULPHQW LV VKRZQ LQ WKH JUDSK RQ WKH
opposite page.

(i) What are the values of the melting point and boiling point of the substance?

Melting point _________________ Boiling point ______________________

[ 2 marks]

(ii) Calculate the gradient of the two linear regions of the graph labelled P and Q.

Gradient P

Gradient Q

[ 4 marks]

LLL 6WDWHJLYLQJ\RXUUHDVRQLQJZKHWKHUWKHVSHFLFKHDWFDSDFLW\RIWKHOLTXLGLV
greater or smaller than that for the solid state.

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________
[ 2 marks]

  LY &DOFXODWHWKHVSHFLFKHDWFDSDFLW\RIWKHVXEVWDQFHLQWKHOLTXLG state.

[ 3 marks]

  Y &DOFXODWHWKHVSHFLFODWHQWKHDWRIIXVLRQRIWKHVXEVWDQFH

[ 3 marks]

Total 15 marks
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450

400

350

250

200
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
t/min
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SECTION B

Answer ALL questions.

Write your answers in the spaces provided at the end of the questions.

4. D L 'LVWLQJXLVKEHWZHHQWKHNLQHWLFHQHUJ\DQGWKHJUDYLWDWLRQDOSRWHQWLDOHQHUJ\
of a body near the Earths surface and write an expression for EACH.

(ii) Explain why it is possible for the TOTAL mechanical energy of a system to be
negative, but NOT its kinetic energy.
[ 6 marks]

(b) Figure 3 shows a ski jump.

A
22 m

10 m

0m *
R

Figure 3

A ski jumper, of mass 60 kg, starts from rest at the top, A, of the jump track and follows,
with its several ups and downs, the path of the track. The jump track starts at a height
of 22 m above the eventual landing point. The jumper leaves the track while he moves
horizontally at Point B which is exactly 12 m below the starting point.

Calculate the

(i) velocity of the skier at Point B, the end of the track

(ii) time the skier takes to hit the ground after he has left Point B

(iii) horizontal distance, R, of the end of the track, (Point B) from the landing point.
[ 7 marks]

(c) What TWO assumptions did you make in calculating the answers to (b) above?
[ 2 marks]

Total 15 marks

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You MUST write the answer to Question 4 here.

4. (a) ______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

(b)

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(c) ______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

5. (a) (i) Distinguish clearly EHWZHHQ UHIUDFWLRQ DQG GLIIUDFWLRQ RI OLJKW  'UDZ UD\
diagrams, ONE in EACH case, to illustrate EACH phenomenon. [ 4 marks]

(ii) Discuss how interference and diffraction contribute to the action of a diffraction
grating. [ 3 marks]

(b) Light from glowing hydrogen contains two discrete spectral lines at 656.3 nm and 486.1nm.
These two lines are viewed through a spectrometer using a diffraction grating with 6000
slits per cm. The spectra is viewed in the second order (n = 2).

Calculate the

(i) slit spacing of the diffraction grating, expressed in metres [ 2 marks]

(ii) angular positions of the two spectral lines [ 5 marks]

(iii) angular separation between the two spectral lines. [ 1 mark ]

Total 15 marks

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You MUST write the answer to Question 5 here.

5. (a)

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_____________________________________________________________________________________

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_____________________________________________________________________________________

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(b)

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6. Figure 4 shows some gas contained in a cylinder with a piston in thermal equilibrium at a tempera-
ture of 315 K. The cylinder is thermally isolated from its surroundings. Initially the volume
of gas is 2.90 104 m3 and its pressure is 1.03 105 Pa.

Figure 4

 D 8VHWKHHTXDWLRQRIVWDWHIRUDQLGHDOJDVWRQGWKHDPRXQWLQPROHVRIJDVLQWKHF\OLQGHU
[ 3 marks]

(b) The gas is then compressed to 3.5 105 m3 and its temperature rises to 790 K. Explain
this rise in temperature

  L RQDPDFURVFRSLFVFDOHXVLQJWKHUVWODZRIWKHUPRG\QDPLFV [ 3 marks]

(ii) on a microscopic scale, using the kinetic theory of gases. [ 3 marks]

(c) Calculate the pressure of the gas after this compression. [ 2 marks]

 G 7KHZRUNGRQHRQWKHJDVGXULQJWKHFRPSUHVVLRQLV-8VHWKHUVWODZRIWKHUPRG\QDPLFV
WRQGWKHincrease in the internal energy of the gas during the compression.
[ 1 mark ]

(e) Calculate the molar heat capacity of the gas in the container. [ 3 marks]

Total 15 marks

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You MUST write the answer to Question 6 here.

6. (a)

(b) _______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

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(c)

(d)

(e)

END OF TEST

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