Basics of design

Forces on equipment are calculated as shown in Section 3 of BS7354. It is necessary that consideration be given to the fo

i) Short-Circuit current
ii) Wind Loading
iii) Dead weight
iv) Ice covering
v) Mechanical Operation

Forces due to wind loading are computed from British Standard CP3, Chapter V, part 2, 1972 as described below.

Equipment shall be designed to meet the maximum of the following:

i) A basic wind speed of 46m/s with a 15 second gust duration applied to equipment etc, without ice coverin
short circuit forces.
ii) A basic wind speed of 46m/s with a 5 second gust duration applied to equipment etc, with a 10mm radial
density of 912kg/m^3, but not including short circuit forces.

Forces due to Short Circuit Current

This shall be based on the maximum force resulting from a 2 phase to earth short circuit, and in addition a factor included

i) A fully symmetric condition

ii) The relationship between sytem frequency and the natural frequency of vibration of the equipment concer
iii) A dynamic factor for the sudden application of the short circuit force.

Forces due to Wind Loading

The basic wind speed shall be converted into design wind speed using the formula

Vs= V x S1 x S2 x S3 x S4
Where
S1 Topographic factor and its value shall be within the range 1.0<S1<1.36
S2 Ground roughness factor
S3 Building life factor and its value shall be 1.0
S4 Directional factor and it is to be taken as 1.0

From the values of the design wind speed calculated as above the force per unit area is caluclated and this must be still fu
and surface condition of the equipment or part thereof, using appopriate force coefficients.
Q=0.613Vs^2 N/m^2
i) Applied to structures or equipment without ice cover
F=Cf x q x A + Fsc
ii) Applied to structures or equipment having 10mm layer of ice
F=Cf x q x A
onsideration be given to the forces resulting from:

2 as described below.

pment etc, without ice covering, plus the appropriate

ment etc, with a 10mm radial coating of ice having a

d in addition a factor included to cover:

ration of the equipment concerned

clated and this must be still further adjusted to allow for the shape, size
Table 1 Tube sizes Table 2 S2 Factors
Size mm x mm Outside Dia mm Weight kg/m Max Span m H (m) Open Country
60x4 60 1.9 8.91 3 0.83
60x5 60 2.33 8.84 5 0.88
90x3 90 2.21 11.1 10 1
90x4 90 2.92 11.03
90x6 90 4.28 10.91
90x10 90 6.79 10.68
140x3 140 3.49 13.92
140x5 140 5.73 13.82
140x6 140 6.82 13.77
140x10 140 11.03 13.58

Force coefficients for tubular equipment = 0.7

Max SC Current 25kA

S&C Cct Switcher Max Terminal Loadings

Continuous Peak
Top Terminal 444 667 N
Lower Terminal 1000 1334 N
Scattered wind breaks many windbreaks frequent obstructions
0.72 0.64 0.56
0.79 0.7 0.6
0.93 0.78 0.67
Condition 1 - Wind speed of 46m/s without ice covering plus short circuit forces for 15 sec
Busbar Loading Calculator BS 7354 :1990

Forces due to short circuit fault current

F= (0.2*L*K*I^2)/d

I= Symmetrical short-circuit r.m.s fault current (kA) I= kA

d= The spacing between conductors (m) d= m
L= Length of conductor L= m
K= Stress factor K= 4
F= Average force (N/m) F= 0.00 N/m

Fdyn= Dynamic Force on conductor Ftot= 0.00 N

Design Wind Speed

Vs=S1 x S2 x S3 x S4 x V

S1= Topographic Factor value shall be 1 S1= 1.00

S2= Ground Roughness factor from table 3 of the wind code S2= See Table 2
S3= Building life factor shall be 1 S3= 1
S4= Directional factor shall be 1 S4= 1
V= Design Max Wind Speed (m/s) V= 50 m/s
Vs= Adjusted design wind speed (m/s) Vs= 0.00 m/s

Total Force Resultant Force=

Further Information can be found in Section 3 of BS7354:1990

Information can also be found in the ABB Switchgear Manual Section 4.2 Dimensioning of power installations for m

3300000000
3300
 Static Loading Forces

F=W*M*9.81

F= Static Force (N) F= 0.00 N

L= Length (m) L= 0 m
W= Unit Weight (Kg/m) W= Kg/m See Table 1

Fstat= Static Force on Conductor Fstat= 0.00 N

Forces due to wind speed

Q=0.613 x Vs^2

F= Cf x Q x A
Outside Diameter D m
Cf= Force Coefficient Cf= 0.7
Q= Unit force (N/msq) Q= 0.00 N/m^2
A= Area (msq) A= 0.00 m^2
F= Force due to wind speed (N) F= 0.00 N

0.00 N

ioning of power installations for mechanical and thermal S/C strength

Condition 2 - Wind speed of 46m/s with ice covering without short circuit forces for 5 secs
Static Loading Forces with Ice

Vol= /4x {(with ice dia^2) - dia^2} x L

ice= with Ice Diametre (m) ice=

dia= Conductor Diametre (m) dia=
Vol= Volume of Ice (m^3) Vol=
Force of Ice F=

F=W*M*9.81

F= Static Force (N) F=

W= Weight (Kg/m) W=
L= Length (m) L=

Fstat= Static Force on Conductor Fstat=

Design Wind Speed Forces due to wind spe

Vs=S1 x S2 x S3 x S4 x V

S1= Topographic Factor value shall be 1< s1<1.36 S1= 1.00

S2= Ground Roughness factor from table 3 of the wind code S2= 0
S3= Building life factor shall be 1 S3= 1 Cf= Force Coefficient
S4= Directional factor shall be 1 S4= 1 Q= Unit force (N/msq)
V= Design Max Wind Speed (m/s) V= 50 m/s A= Area (msq)
Vs= Adjusted design wind speed (m/s) Vs= 0.00 m/s F= Force due to wind spe

Total Force Resultant Force=

Further Information can be found in Section 3 of BS7354:1990

Information can also be found in the ABB Switchgear Manual Section 4.2 Dimensioning of power installations for m
 0.01 m
0 m
0 m^3
0 N

0.00 N
0 Kg/m
0 m

0.00 N

Forces due to wind speed

Q=0.613 x Vs^2

F= Cf x Q x A

Cf= Force Coefficient Cf= 0.7

Q= Unit force (N/msq) Q= 0.00 N/msq
A= Area (msq) A= 0.00 msq
F= Force due to wind speed (N) F= 0.00 N

0.00 N

f power installations for mechanical and thermal S/C strength