Table 3.

Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index

Human
Development
Index (HDI) Inequality-adjusted H

HDI rank Country Value Value

2015 2015
VERY HIGH HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
1 Norway 0.949 0.898
2 Australia 0.939 0.861
2 Switzerland 0.939 0.859
4 Germany 0.926 0.859
5 Denmark 0.925 0.858
5 Singapore 0.925 ..
7 Netherlands 0.924 0.861
8 Ireland 0.923 0.850
9 Iceland 0.921 0.868
10 Canada 0.920 0.839
10 United States 0.920 0.796
12 Hong Kong, China (SAR) 0.917 ..
13 New Zealand 0.915 ..
14 Sweden 0.913 0.851
15 Liechtenstein 0.912 ..
16 United Kingdom 0.909 0.836
17 Japan 0.903 0.791
18 Korea (Republic of) 0.901 0.753
19 Israel 0.899 0.778
20 Luxembourg 0.898 0.827
21 France 0.897 0.813
22 Belgium 0.896 0.821
23 Finland 0.895 0.843
24 Austria 0.893 0.815
25 Slovenia 0.890 0.838
26 Italy 0.887 0.784
27 Spain 0.884 0.791
28 Czech Republic 0.878 0.830
29 Greece 0.866 0.758
30 Brunei Darussalam 0.865 ..
30 Estonia 0.865 0.788
32 Andorra 0.858 ..
33 Cyprus 0.856 0.762
33 Malta 0.856 0.786
33 Qatar 0.856 ..
36 Poland 0.855 0.774
37 Lithuania 0.848 0.759
38 Chile 0.847 0.692
38 Saudi Arabia 0.847 ..
40 Slovakia 0.845 0.793
41 Portugal 0.843 0.755
42 United Arab Emirates 0.840 ..
43 Hungary 0.836 0.771
44 Latvia 0.830 0.742
45 Argentina 0.827 0.698
45 Croatia 0.827 0.752
47 Bahrain 0.824 ..
48 Montenegro 0.807 0.736
49 Russian Federation 0.804 0.725
50 Romania 0.802 0.714
51 Kuwait 0.800 ..
HIGH HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
52 Belarus 0.796 0.745
52 Oman 0.796 ..
54 Barbados 0.795 ..
54 Uruguay 0.795 0.670
56 Bulgaria 0.794 0.709
56 Kazakhstan 0.794 0.714
58 Bahamas 0.792 ..
59 Malaysia 0.789 ..
60 Palau 0.788 ..
60 Panama 0.788 0.614
62 Antigua and Barbuda 0.786 ..
63 Seychelles 0.782 ..
64 Mauritius 0.781 0.669
65 Trinidad and Tobago 0.780 0.661
66 Costa Rica 0.776 0.628
66 Serbia 0.776 0.689
68 Cuba 0.775 ..
69 Iran (Islamic Republic of) 0.774 0.518
70 Georgia 0.769 0.672
71 Turkey 0.767 0.645
71 Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) 0.767 0.618
73 Sri Lanka 0.766 0.678
74 Saint Kitts and Nevis 0.765 ..
75 Albania 0.764 0.661
76 Lebanon 0.763 0.603
77 Mexico 0.762 0.587
78 Azerbaijan 0.759 0.659
79 Brazil 0.754 0.561
79 Grenada 0.754 ..
81 Bosnia and Herzegovina 0.750 0.650
82 The former Yugoslav Republic of M 0.748 0.623
83 Algeria 0.745 ..
84 Armenia 0.743 0.674
84 Ukraine 0.743 0.690
86 Jordan 0.741 0.619
87 Peru 0.740 0.580
87 Thailand 0.740 0.586
89 Ecuador 0.739 0.587
90 China 0.738 ..
91 Fiji 0.736 0.624
92 Mongolia 0.735 0.639
92 Saint Lucia 0.735 0.618
94 Jamaica 0.730 0.609
95 Colombia 0.727 0.548
96 Dominica 0.726 ..
97 Suriname 0.725 0.551
97 Tunisia 0.725 0.562
99 Dominican Republic 0.722 0.565
99 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 0.722 ..
101 Tonga 0.721 ..
102 Libya 0.716 ..
103 Belize 0.706 0.546
104 Samoa 0.704 ..
105 Maldives 0.701 0.529
105 Uzbekistan 0.701 0.590
MEDIUM HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
107 Moldova (Republic of) 0.699 0.628
108 Botswana 0.698 0.433
109 Gabon 0.697 0.531
110 Paraguay 0.693 0.524
111 Egypt 0.691 0.491
111 Turkmenistan 0.691 ..
113 Indonesia 0.689 0.563
114 Palestine, State of 0.684 0.581
115 Viet Nam 0.683 0.562
116 Philippines 0.682 0.556
117 El Salvador 0.680 0.529
118 Bolivia (Plurinational State of) 0.674 0.478
119 South Africa 0.666 0.435
120 Kyrgyzstan 0.664 0.582
121 Iraq 0.649 0.505
122 Cabo Verde 0.648 0.518
123 Morocco 0.647 0.456
124 Nicaragua 0.645 0.479
125 Guatemala 0.640 0.450
125 Namibia 0.640 0.415
127 Guyana 0.638 0.518
127 Micronesia (Federated States of) 0.638 ..
129 Tajikistan 0.627 0.532
130 Honduras 0.625 0.443
131 India 0.624 0.454
132 Bhutan 0.607 0.428
133 Timor-Leste 0.605 0.416
134 Vanuatu 0.597 0.494
135 Congo 0.592 0.446
135 Equatorial Guinea 0.592 ..
137 Kiribati 0.588 0.394
138 Lao People's Democratic Republic 0.586 0.427
139 Bangladesh 0.579 0.412
139 Ghana 0.579 0.391
139 Zambia 0.579 0.373
142 Sao Tome and Principe 0.574 0.432
143 Cambodia 0.563 0.436
144 Nepal 0.558 0.407
145 Myanmar 0.556 ..
146 Kenya 0.555 0.391
147 Pakistan 0.550 0.380
LOW HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
148 Swaziland 0.541 0.361
149 Syrian Arab Republic 0.536 0.419
150 Angola 0.533 0.336
151 Tanzania (United Republic of) 0.531 0.396
152 Nigeria 0.527 0.328
153 Cameroon 0.518 0.348
154 Papua New Guinea 0.516 ..
154 Zimbabwe 0.516 0.369
156 Solomon Islands 0.515 0.392
157 Mauritania 0.513 0.347
158 Madagascar 0.512 0.374
159 Rwanda 0.498 0.339
160 Comoros 0.497 0.270
160 Lesotho 0.497 0.320
162 Senegal 0.494 0.331
163 Haiti 0.493 0.298
163 Uganda 0.493 0.341
165 Sudan 0.490 ..
166 Togo 0.487 0.332
167 Benin 0.485 0.304
168 Yemen 0.482 0.320
169 Afghanistan 0.479 0.327
170 Malawi 0.476 0.328
171 Cte d'Ivoire 0.474 0.294
172 Djibouti 0.473 0.310
173 Gambia 0.452 ..
174 Ethiopia 0.448 0.330
175 Mali 0.442 0.293
176 Congo (Democratic Republic of the) 0.435 0.297
177 Liberia 0.427 0.284
178 Guinea-Bissau 0.424 0.257
179 Eritrea 0.420 ..
179 Sierra Leone 0.420 0.262
181 Mozambique 0.418 0.280
181 South Sudan 0.418 ..
183 Guinea 0.414 0.270
184 Burundi 0.404 0.276
185 Burkina Faso 0.402 0.267
186 Chad 0.396 0.238
187 Niger 0.353 0.253
188 Central African Republic 0.352 0.199
OTHER COUNTRIES OR TERRITORIES
Korea (Democratic People's Rep. of .. ..
Marshall Islands .. ..
Monaco .. ..
Nauru .. ..
San Marino .. ..
Somalia .. ..
Tuvalu .. ..

Human development groups

Very high human development 0.892 0.793
High human development 0.746 0.597
Medium human development 0.631 0.469
Low human development 0.497 0.337
Developing countries 0.668 0.499

Regions
Arab States 0.687 0.498
East Asia and the Pacific 0.720 0.581
Europe and Central Asia 0.756 0.660
Latin America and the Caribbean 0.751 0.575
South Asia 0.621 0.449
Sub-Saharan Africa 0.523 0.355

Least developed countries 0.508 0.356

Small island developing states 0.667 0.500

Organisation for Economic Co-op 0.887 0.776

World 0.717 0.557

Notes
a. See http://hdr.undp.org/en/composite/IHDI for the list of surveys used to estimate inequalities.
b. Based on countries for which an Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index is calculated.
c. Calculated by HDRO from the 2010-2015 period life tables from UNDESA (2015a).
d. Data refer to 2015 or the most recent year available.
e. Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified.
f. Data refer to a year earlier than 2010.

Definitions
Human Development Index (HDI): A composite index measuring average achievement in three basic dim
Inequality-adjusted HDI (IHDI): HDI value adjusted for inequalities in the three basic dimensions of hum
Overall loss: Percentage difference between the IHDI value and the HDI value.
Difference from HDI rank: Difference in ranks on the IHDI and the HDI, calculated only for countries for
Coefficient of human inequality: Average inequality in three basic dimensions of human development.
Inequality in life expectancy: Inequality in distribution of expected length of life based on data from life t
Inequality-adjusted life expectancy index: HDI life expectancy index value adjusted for inequality in dis
Inequality in education: Inequality in distribution of years of schooling based on data from household su
Inequality-adjusted education index: HDI education index value adjusted for inequality in distribution of
Inequality in income: Inequality in income distribution based on data from household surveys estimated
Inequality-adjusted income index: HDI income index value adjusted for inequality in income distribution
Quintile ratio: Ratio of the average income of the richest 20 percent of the population to the average inco
Palma ratio: Ratio of the richest 10 percent of the population's share of gross national income (GNI) divid
Gini coefficient: Measure of the deviation of the distribution of income among individuals or households

Main data sources

Column 1: HDRO calculations based on data from UNDESA (2015a), UNESCO Institute for Statistics (20
Column 2: Calculated as the geometric mean of the values in inequality-adjusted life expectancy index, in
Column 3: Calculated based on data in columns 1 and 2.
Column 4: Calculated based on IHDI and recalculated HDI ranks for countries for which an IHDI value is c
Column 5: Calculated as the arithmetic mean of the values in inequality in life expectancy, inequality in ed
Column 6: Calculated based on abridged life tables from UNDESA (2015a).
Column 7: Calculated based on inequality in life expectancy and the HDI life expectancy index.
Columns 8 and 10: Calculated based on data from the Luxembourg Income Study database, Eurostats E
Column 9: Calculated based on inequality in education and the HDI education index.
Column 11: Calculated based on inequality in income and the HDI income index.
Columns 12 and 13: HDRO calculations based on data from World Bank (2016a).
Column 14: World Bank (2016a).
 Coefficient of
human Inequality in life
Inequality-adjusted HDI (IHDI) inequality expectancy

Difference from HDI

Overall loss (%) rank b
(%)
2015 2015 2015 20102015 c

5.4 0 5.4 3.3

8.2 -1 8.0 4.3
8.6 -4 8.4 3.8
7.2 -1 7.0 3.7
7.2 -2 7.0 3.8
.. .. .. 3.0
6.9 2 6.8 3.7
7.9 -2 7.7 3.7
5.8 6 5.7 2.9
8.9 -2 8.7 4.7
13.5 -10 12.9 6.1
.. .. .. 2.8
.. .. .. 4.6
6.7 3 6.6 3.3
.. .. .. ..
8.0 -1 7.8 4.5
12.4 -8 12.2 3.2
16.4 -19 15.9 3.7
13.5 -11 12.9 3.9
8.0 1 7.8 2.6
9.4 -1 9.3 4.0
8.3 2 8.3 4.0
5.8 9 5.7 3.4
8.7 3 8.5 3.7
5.9 9 5.8 3.6
11.5 -3 11.2 3.0
10.5 1 10.1 3.5
5.4 10 5.3 3.5
12.4 -6 12.2 3.7
.. .. .. 4.4
8.9 3 8.6 4.8
.. .. .. ..
10.9 -2 10.8 4.0
8.1 3 8.0 4.5
.. .. .. 6.1
9.5 2 9.3 5.2
10.5 0 10.2 5.5
18.2 -12 17.1 7.6
.. .. .. 11.0
6.1 12 6.0 5.3
10.4 1 10.1 3.9
.. .. .. 5.8
7.8 6 7.6 5.2
10.6 -1 10.3 6.7
15.6 -6 15.2 10.0
9.1 2 8.9 4.5
.. .. .. 6.3
8.8 1 8.7 5.2
9.8 1 9.6 8.8
11.1 0 10.8 8.4
.. .. .. 7.2

6.4 6 6.4 5.8

.. .. .. 7.0
.. .. .. 7.8
15.7 -7 15.4 9.5
10.7 2 10.5 7.8
10.1 4 10.1 11.6
.. .. .. 9.4
.. .. .. 6.7
.. .. .. ..
22.0 -19 21.0 11.5
.. .. .. 8.4
.. .. .. 9.0
14.4 -4 14.3 9.8
15.3 -5 15.0 16.6
19.1 -9 18.2 8.2
11.2 3 11.1 7.9
.. .. .. 5.5
33.1 -40 31.5 10.6
12.7 3 12.2 10.3
15.9 -3 15.8 11.5
19.4 -11 19.1 11.4
11.6 8 11.5 8.1
.. .. .. ..
13.5 4 13.4 9.9
21.0 -10 20.4 7.2
22.9 -12 22.4 13.2
13.2 5 13.0 21.7
25.6 -19 25.0 14.4
.. .. .. 8.7
13.3 6 13.1 6.7
16.7 1 16.1 7.6
 .. .. .. 18.6
9.3 15 9.2 10.1
7.2 18 7.2 8.7
16.5 3 16.4 11.9
21.6 -8 21.3 14.2
20.8 -5 20.2 10.4
20.5 -1 20.2 15.1
.. .. .. 8.9
15.3 9 15.1 12.3
13.0 13 13.0 17.1
16.0 7 15.6 10.1
16.6 6 15.9 11.9
24.6 -9 23.7 14.4
.. .. .. ..
24.0 -7 23.3 13.6
22.5 -3 21.9 12.2
21.7 1 21.6 16.8
.. .. .. 12.7
.. .. .. 13.6
.. .. .. 15.8
22.7 -6 21.8 11.6
.. .. .. 13.3
24.6 -9 23.4 7.1
15.8 10 15.3 24.3

10.2 21 10.1 9.0

37.9 -23 36.2 20.9
23.9 -3 23.8 27.6
24.3 -5 23.5 18.3
29.0 -10 28.2 13.4
.. .. .. 26.0
18.2 9 18.2 16.5
15.1 13 15.1 13.7
17.8 9 17.8 14.2
18.4 8 18.2 16.2
22.2 3 22.0 13.7
29.0 -6 28.7 29.0
34.7 -12 32.0 25.7
12.3 20 12.1 13.6
22.3 1 22.0 19.3
20.1 4 19.9 13.4
29.5 -2 28.3 16.0
25.8 1 25.4 14.6
29.6 -2 29.1 17.0
35.2 -13 33.4 21.7
18.8 10 18.5 20.7
 .. .. .. 19.8
15.2 16 14.9 23.2
29.2 0 28.5 19.6
27.2 4 26.5 24.0
29.4 -3 28.4 20.7
31.2 -5 29.9 24.4
17.2 12 17.1 15.4
24.8 6 24.6 31.1
.. .. .. 38.4
33.1 -7 32.0 26.1
27.1 1 26.9 26.2
28.9 -2 28.6 20.1
32.5 -8 32.5 30.8
35.6 -11 34.7 33.8
24.7 7 24.7 26.9
22.5 11 22.4 19.7
27.0 2 25.8 19.6
.. .. .. 26.0
29.5 -1 29.4 32.1
30.9 -2 29.6 32.8

33.3 -5 33.1 35.0

21.8 10 21.4 14.5
37.0 -8 36.6 46.2
25.4 7 25.4 25.0
37.8 -10 37.5 40.8
32.8 -1 32.4 39.4
.. .. .. 26.5
28.5 2 28.1 31.2
23.8 9 23.8 22.3
32.4 1 31.9 33.7
27.0 7 26.8 24.8
31.9 1 31.8 29.8
45.8 -18 44.8 30.9
35.6 -6 34.9 33.5
33.1 1 32.5 25.0
39.6 -7 39.2 30.9
30.9 6 30.8 35.7
.. .. .. 31.8
31.9 5 31.6 32.4
37.4 -3 37.1 37.0
33.7 0 32.7 29.4
31.8 3 30.4 35.7
31.2 5 31.1 32.7
37.8 -2 37.4 39.7
34.6 3 33.7 32.5
 .. .. .. 31.3
26.3 10 25.5 30.3
33.7 0 32.7 40.4
31.9 3 31.7 39.1
33.4 1 32.9 33.1
39.3 -5 39.1 44.6
.. .. .. 25.9
37.8 -3 36.6 43.4
33.0 3 32.9 36.4
.. .. .. 40.7
34.8 2 33.6 35.4
31.5 4 30.6 40.8
33.6 2 33.3 37.1
39.9 -1 39.6 46.2
28.3 1 27.5 35.3
43.5 0 43.1 45.7

.. .. .. 15.4
.. .. .. ..
.. .. .. ..
.. .. .. ..
.. .. .. ..
.. .. .. 42.1
.. .. .. ..

11.1 10.9 5.4

20.0 19.6 10.5
25.7 25.5 22.6
32.3 32.0 35.1
25.2 25.1 19.6

27.5 27.1 17.9

19.3 19.0 11.2
12.7 12.6 13.2
23.4 22.9 14.0
27.7 27.1 23.9
32.2 32.1 34.9

30.0 29.8 30.5

25.1 24.7 19.2

12.6 12.3 5.9

22.3 22.3 17.1

estimate inequalities.
t Index is calculated.

achievement in three basic dimensions of human developmenta long and healthy life, knowledge and a decent standard of liv
hree basic dimensions of human development. See Technical note 2 at http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr2016_technical_

culated only for countries for which an IHDI value is calculated.

ions of human development.
of life based on data from life tables estimated using the Atkinson inequality index.
e adjusted for inequality in distribution of expected length of life based on data from life tables listed in Main data sources
ed on data from household surveys estimated using the Atkinson inequality index.
for inequality in distribution of years of schooling based on data from household surveys listed in Main data sources
household surveys estimated using the Atkinson inequality index.
equality in income distribution based on data from household surveys listed in Main data sources.
population to the average income of the poorest 20 percent of the population.
ss national income (GNI) divided by the poorest 40 percent's share. It is based on the work of Palma (2011).
ng individuals or households within a country from a perfectly equal distribution. A value of 0 represents absolute equality, a va

SCO Institute for Statistics (2016), United Nations Statistica Division (2016a), World Bank (2016a), Barro and Lee (2016) and IM
usted life expectancy index, inequality-adjusted education index and inequality-adjusted income index using the methodology de

es for which an IHDI value is calculated.

e expectancy, inequality in education and inequality in income using the methodology in Technical note 2 (available at http://hdr

expectancy index.
Study database, Eurostats European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions, the World Banks International Income
 Inequality-
adjusted life Inequality-
expectancy Inequality in adjusted Inequality in
index education a
education index income a

Value (%) Value (%)

2015 2015 d
2015 2015 d

0.918 2.4 0.894 10.4

0.921 1.9 0.921 17.7
0.934 5.7 0.840 15.7
0.905 2.6 0.891 14.8
0.894 3.0 0.896 14.3
0.943 .. .. ..
0.914 4.2 0.859 12.4
0.905 3.0 0.883 16.3
0.937 2.5 0.884 11.7
0.912 3.9 0.856 17.4
0.856 5.6 0.850 27.0
0.959 .. .. ..
0.910 .. .. ..
0.928 3.4 0.826 13.1
.. .. .. ..
0.894 2.8 0.871 16.2
0.948 19.8 0.675 13.5
0.920 25.5 0.645 18.4
0.925 8.4 0.796 26.4
0.927 5.8 0.738 15.1
0.921 7.5 0.776 16.3
0.901 8.1 0.773 12.7
0.907 2.0 0.830 11.6
0.912 4.3 0.785 17.5
0.898 2.6 0.863 11.3
0.945 9.9 0.734 20.8
0.932 5.1 0.777 21.8
0.873 1.4 0.866 11.1
0.905 11.7 0.733 21.1
0.868 .. .. ..
0.835 2.3 0.856 18.7
.. .. .. ..
0.891 12.4 0.688 15.9
0.892 6.0 0.734 13.6
0.843 .. .. ..
0.840 5.4 0.806 17.4
0.778 5.6 0.833 19.6
0.881 8.2 0.719 35.5
0.745 .. .. ..
0.822 1.4 0.812 11.4
0.905 5.9 0.712 20.4
0.828 .. .. ..
0.807 3.1 0.808 14.6
0.780 3.8 0.803 20.3
0.782 8.1 0.742 27.4
0.845 4.4 0.763 17.7
0.818 .. .. ..
0.823 7.4 0.738 13.6
0.705 2.2 0.798 17.7
0.773 4.6 0.734 19.5
0.779 .. .. ..

0.746 3.7 0.804 9.7

0.815 .. .. ..
0.791 5.5 0.730 ..
0.799 10.4 0.642 26.2
0.771 5.5 0.735 18.2
0.674 5.9 0.758 12.7
0.774 .. .. ..
0.788 .. .. ..
.. 12.0 0.711 23.0
0.786 13.6 0.597 38.0
0.792 .. .. ..
0.746 .. .. ..
0.758 13.2 0.629 19.8
0.648 6.6 0.670 21.9
0.842 12.4 0.599 34.1
0.780 8.1 0.698 17.4
0.866 10.9 0.694 ..
0.764 37.3 0.441 46.6
0.759 2.2 0.777 24.1
0.756 14.2 0.574 21.8
0.741 17.6 0.586 28.4
0.778 12.8 0.656 13.7
.. .. .. ..
0.804 11.9 0.630 18.3
0.850 24.1 0.498 30.0
0.761 19.7 0.525 34.3
0.613 8.3 0.663 8.9
0.721 22.6 0.527 37.8
0.752 .. .. ..
0.813 12.5 0.607 20.2
0.789 10.6 0.602 30.1
0.689 .. .. ..
0.759 3.7 0.703 13.9
0.718 3.6 0.774 9.2
0.734 16.9 0.583 20.5
0.724 20.3 0.536 29.5
0.753 16.1 0.538 34.0
0.733 15.5 0.562 30.1
0.784 .. .. 29.5
0.677 10.5 0.695 22.6
0.635 9.4 0.668 12.3
0.763 9.2 0.614 27.4
0.757 5.6 0.640 30.1
0.714 17.4 0.520 39.4
.. .. .. ..
0.682 19.0 0.510 37.3
0.743 34.6 0.421 18.9
0.687 19.9 0.498 28.1
0.712 .. .. ..
0.704 .. .. ..
0.671 .. .. ..
0.681 15.9 0.592 37.9
0.716 .. .. ..
0.814 40.0 0.337 23.2
0.575 1.4 0.729 20.1

0.724 7.3 0.672 14.0

0.542 32.1 0.447 55.5
0.501 23.5 0.473 20.4
0.666 14.0 0.527 38.3
0.684 35.0 0.390 36.3
0.521 .. .. ..
0.630 20.8 0.492 17.3
0.705 16.5 0.547 15.0
0.738 17.6 0.508 21.4
0.623 11.6 0.563 26.8
0.707 26.6 0.429 25.7
0.532 20.8 0.520 36.4
0.430 13.8 0.608 56.4
0.675 5.0 0.685 17.7
0.616 30.6 0.347 16.1
0.713 18.2 0.436 28.0
0.702 45.8 0.273 23.0
0.725 29.5 0.382 32.1
0.665 36.2 0.324 34.1
0.543 25.0 0.410 53.6
0.567 10.5 0.508 24.4
0.608 .. .. ..
0.586 6.5 0.615 15.0
0.660 24.4 0.391 41.5
0.565 39.4 0.324 16.1
0.608 44.8 0.250 19.6
0.564 47.6 0.259 17.8
0.678 17.5 0.434 18.5
0.455 21.5 0.408 21.2
0.359 .. .. ..
0.526 21.4 0.464 48.4
0.529 34.1 0.313 20.3
0.639 37.3 0.287 28.3
0.442 34.9 0.358 31.7
0.416 21.7 0.452 48.6
0.524 21.4 0.400 25.8
0.603 27.3 0.333 20.3
0.618 43.9 0.267 13.9
0.525 19.4 0.330 ..
0.440 22.9 0.400 33.1
0.479 44.4 0.220 11.6

0.289 26.8 0.399 37.6

0.653 31.5 0.286 18.3
0.271 34.6 0.316 28.9
0.525 28.5 0.315 22.7
0.301 43.3 0.270 28.4
0.335 34.8 0.322 23.1
0.484 11.5 0.371 ..
0.415 17.4 0.450 35.8
0.575 22.8 0.343 26.3
0.441 40.8 0.223 21.2
0.527 35.0 0.320 20.4
0.483 29.3 0.301 36.4
0.463 47.6 0.246 56.0
0.308 24.3 0.380 47.0
0.541 44.7 0.196 27.7
0.458 38.3 0.262 48.4
0.388 29.4 0.330 27.3
0.459 42.7 0.182 ..
0.418 38.9 0.299 23.5
0.385 44.8 0.228 29.4
0.478 48.1 0.182 20.6
0.403 44.8 0.219 10.8
0.454 28.2 0.320 32.5
0.296 45.1 0.228 27.4
0.439 47.0 0.165 21.7
0.428 .. .. 26.9
0.478 36.6 0.202 9.5
0.353 41.6 0.182 16.1
0.366 27.7 0.343 28.2
0.424 42.9 0.242 22.7
0.302 40.3 0.211 32.5
0.504 .. .. ..
0.273 47.3 0.197 19.2
0.347 33.8 0.244 28.4
0.330 39.6 0.180 ..
0.390 48.3 0.171 17.1
0.338 36.9 0.249 14.1
0.377 38.6 0.161 24.2
0.264 41.9 0.163 30.7
0.417 35.0 0.134 12.3
0.263 34.5 0.221 49.2

0.658 .. .. ..
.. .. .. ..
.. .. .. ..
.. .. .. ..
.. .. .. ..
0.318 43.5 .. ..
.. 10.5 .. ..

0.865 7.2 0.797 19.9

0.764 18.3 0.535 30.0
0.578 33.7 0.357 20.1
0.392 37.1 0.258 23.9
0.619 31.0 0.391 24.7

0.642 37.1 0.347 26.2

0.740 18.3 0.505 27.4
0.702 7.9 0.670 16.7
0.730 19.7 0.537 34.9
0.570 39.5 0.314 17.8
0.389 34.0 0.297 27.4

0.466 35.3 0.264 23.6

0.625 20.7 0.469 34.3

0.873 9.5 0.758 21.5

0.658 25.9 0.458 23.8

 nd a decent standard of living. See Technical note 1 at http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr2016_technical_notes.pdf for d
ult/files/hdr2016_technical_notes.pdf for details on how the IHDI is calculated.

n Main data sources.

in data sources.

(2011).
nts absolute equality, a value of 100 absolute inequality.

rro and Lee (2016) and IMF (2016).

x using the methodology described in Technical note 2 (available at http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr2016_technical_not

te 2 (available at http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr2016_technical_notes.pdf).

anks International Income Distribution Database, ICF Macro Demographic and Health Surveys and United Nations Childrens F
 Inequality-
adjusted income
index Income inequality

Value Quintile ratio Palma ratio Gini coefficient

2015 2010-2015 e
2010-2015 e
2010-2015 e

0.882 3.8 0.9 25.9

0.753 6.0 1.4 34.9
0.806 4.9 1.2 31.6
0.787 4.6 1.1 30.1
0.789 4.5 1.0 29.1
.. .. .. ..
0.812 4.2 1.0 28.0
0.769 5.3 1.3 32.5
0.789 4.0 1.0 26.9
0.755 5.8 1.3 33.7
0.692 9.1 2.0 41.1
.. .. .. ..
.. .. .. ..
0.806 4.2 0.9 27.3
.. .. .. ..
0.752 5.3 1.3 32.6
0.774 5.4 f
1.2 f
32.1 f

0.720 .. .. ..
0.639 10.3 2.2 42.8
0.826 5.9 1.4 34.8
0.752 5.3 1.3 33.1
0.794 4.2 1.0 27.6
0.796 3.9 1.0 27.1
0.757 4.9 1.1 30.5
0.758 3.7 0.9 25.6
0.696 6.7 1.4 35.2
0.684 7.3 1.5 35.9
0.757 3.8 0.9 26.1
0.657 7.6 1.6 36.7
.. .. .. ..
0.684 5.7 1.3 33.2
.. .. .. ..
0.722 5.4 1.4 34.3
0.742 .. .. ..
.. .. .. ..
0.685 5.0 1.2 32.1
0.675 6.5 1.4 35.2
0.524 12.2 3.2 50.5
.. .. .. ..
0.748 4.0 0.9 26.1
0.669 6.7 1.5 36.0
.. .. .. ..
0.704 5.0 1.1 30.6
0.653 6.7 1.4 35.5
0.586 10.0 2.1 42.7
0.660 5.7 1.2 32.5
.. .. .. ..
0.657 4.8 1.2 31.9
0.678 8.2 2.0 41.6
0.641 4.1 1.0 27.5
.. .. .. ..

0.689 3.9 1.0 27.2

.. .. .. ..
.. .. .. ..
0.586 9.1 2.0 41.6
0.629 6.9 1.5 36.0
0.712 3.7 0.9 26.3
.. .. .. ..
.. 11.3 f
2.6 f
46.3 f

0.573 .. .. ..
0.493 16.4 3.4 50.7
.. .. .. ..
.. 9.8 2.6 46.8
0.628 5.9 1.5 35.8
0.665 .. .. ..
0.492 12.8 3.0 48.5
0.600 4.4 1.1 29.1
.. .. .. ..
0.412 6.6 1.6 37.4
0.514 8.2 1.9 40.1
0.618 8.0 1.9 40.2
0.543 16.0 f
2.8 f
46.9 f

0.610 6.6 1.8 39.2

.. .. .. ..
0.571 4.3 1.0 29.0
0.517 .. .. ..
0.506 10.8 2.9 48.2
0.702 4.8 f
1.2 f
31.8
0.465 15.5 3.5 51.5
.. .. .. ..
0.556 5.7 1.3 33.8
0.509 9.3 f
2.3 f
44.1 f
 .. .. .. ..
0.573 4.7 1.2 31.5
0.590 3.3 0.8 24.1
0.554 .. .. ..
0.503 10.8 2.3 44.1
0.496 6.5 1.7 37.9
0.492 10.5 2.5 45.4
0.521 9.2 2.1 42.2
0.516 8.2 f
2.1 f
42.8 f

0.616 5.0 1.2 32.0

0.503 .. .. ..
0.467 .. .. ..
0.444 17.3 3.9 53.5
.. .. .. ..
0.481 .. .. ..
0.567 6.4 1.5 35.8
0.527 10.8 2.7 47.1
.. .. .. ..
.. 6.9 f
1.7 f
38.1 f

.. .. .. ..
0.403 .. .. ..
.. 7.9 f
2.2 f
42.7 f

0.539 7.1 f
1.7 f
38.4 f

0.489 .. .. ..

0.509 3.8 0.9 26.8

0.335 22.9 f
5.8 f
60.5 f

0.631 8.4 f
2.1 f
42.2 f

0.410 14.7 3.5 51.7

0.444 .. .. ..
.. .. .. ..
0.576 6.6 1.8 39.5
0.509 5.5 f
1.4 f
34.5 f

0.472 6.8 1.6 37.6

0.490 8.4 2.2 43.0
0.488 8.4 2.0 41.8
0.396 14.7 3.0 48.4
0.316 27.9 7.1 63.4
0.427 3.7 1.0 26.8
0.602 .. .. ..
0.446 10.7 f
2.7 f
47.2 f

0.497 7.4 f
1.9 f
40.7 f

0.396 10.9 2.7 47.1

0.424 12.1 3.0 48.7
0.321 20.3 f
5.8 f
61.0 f

0.483 .. .. ..
 .. 9.6 2.1 42.5
0.418 4.5 1.2 30.8
0.336 15.8 3.4 50.6
0.512 5.3 1.5 35.2
0.517 6.8 1.8 38.8
0.495 4.6 f
1.2 f
31.6 f

0.410 6.6 1.6 37.2

0.477 12.8 3.1 48.9
.. .. .. ..
0.250 7.2 f
1.6 f
37.6 f

0.472 6.3 1.7 37.9

0.380 4.7 1.3 32.1
0.377 9.3 f
2.2 f
42.8 f

0.275 16.0 4.3 55.6

0.384 4.7 1.1 30.8
0.413 4.4 1.2 30.8
0.410 5.0 1.3 32.8
.. .. .. ..
0.339 11.6 f
2.9 f
48.5 f

0.523 4.4 1.2 30.7

0.408 14.2 f
3.5 f
51.5 f

0.394 .. .. ..
0.445 8.9 f
2.2 f
42.7 f

0.374 6.2 1.7 37.8

0.432 9.1 f
2.2 f
43.0 f

0.391 11.4 2.7 46.5

.. 10.4 f
2.3 f
43.9 f

0.268 8.5 2.2 43.2

0.306 10.5 f
2.6 f
46.1 f

0.424 5.3 1.2 32.4

0.310 8.6 2.1 42.7
0.267 11.0 3.2 50.4
0.172 .. .. ..
0.280 20.5 4.3 54.2
0.340 7.7 1.9 40.3
0.219 32.5 6.5 60.8
0.309 7.6 2.0 41.0
.. 6.2 f
1.4 f
35.4 f

0.293 10.7 2.6 46.0

0.318 8.4 2.2 43.4
0.376 .. .. ..
0.395 .. .. ..
0.242 9.6 2.6 46.1
0.379 9.6 f
2.2 f
43.2 f

0.410 10.2 2.3 44.1

0.302 .. .. ..
0.372 5.2 1.3 33.2
0.393 5.2 f
1.3 f
33.0 f

0.208 8.7 2.1 42.1

0.224 6.7 f
1.6 f
36.5 f

0.267 12.6 3.3 50.7

.. .. .. ..
0.333 5.4 1.4 34.0
0.259 9.9 f
2.5 f
45.6 f

.. 13.1 f
2.7 f
46.3 f

0.296 5.5 1.3 33.7

0.251 4.8 f
1.3 f
33.4 f

0.313 5.3 1.5 35.3

0.313 10.0 2.2 43.3
0.290 5.4 1.4 34.0
0.136 18.3 f
4.5 f
56.2 f

.. .. .. ..
.. .. .. ..
.. .. .. ..
.. .. .. ..
.. .. .. ..
.. .. .. ..
.. 7.7 1.9 41.1

0.723
0.521
0.500
0.377
0.515

0.556
0.526
0.611
0.486
0.504
0.386

0.366
0.426

0.704

0.573
echnical_notes.pdf for details on how the HDI is calculated.

s/hdr2016_technical_notes.pdf).

nited Nations Childrens Fund Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys using the methodology in Technical note 2 (available at http://h
note 2 (available at http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr2016_technical_notes.pdf).