USMCA2015

The 14th International Symposium on New Technologies for Urban Safety of Mega
Cities in Asia
October 29-30, 2015
Radisson Hotel, Kathmandu, Nepal

Exploration of Different Retrofitting Options for RC

Frame Buildings in Kathmandu

Jointly Organized By: Sponsored by

National Society for Earthquake Technology-Nepal (NSET) The Foundation for the
International Center for Urban Safety Engineering (ICUS) Promotion of Industrial Science,
Institute of Industrial Science (IIS) Japan
The University of Tokyo

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 Introduction
(Source: Earthquake Protection)
Various study reports reveal more than 60% of the buildings
in Kathmandu Valley are unsafe at MMI IX intensity
earthquake

NSET experience in assessing hundreds of buildings

indicates most of the masonry Buildings and 36% of RC
buildings are unsafe

Gorkha earthquake shows many buildings damaged even at

MMI VI and MMI VII Intensity earthquake

NO OTHER OPTION THAN STRENGTHENING EXISTING

VULNERABLE BUILIDNGS
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 Various Retrofitting Techniques
Implemented in Kathmandu for RC Frame
Buildings

Minimum thickness 100mm on all sides

Walls surrounding the columns need to be

Demolished

Suitable for important buildings or need

to add storey

Generally beam strengthening is not

required

Foundation strengthening is generally

required
1. RC Jacketing of
Columns
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Jacketing of Columns

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RC Jacketing of Columns/ Beams
5 Storey
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2.Steel Profile Jacketing

Does not increase stiffness but increases

Flexural capacity

Feasible only if column size is at least

300mm X300mm

Beam passing through the center of column

Only few required columns can be

strengthened

External Steel Caging...

3 Storey
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3.Adding Wing Wall

The most suitable if the

thickness
In one side is 9

Lateral stiffness and strength

can be
increased

Adequate connection between

column
And wall need to be ensured

Less intervention

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 Adding Wing Wall

Addition of Walls Addition of Micro-concreting on

adjacent to Reinforcing mesh the reinforced surface
Columns

2 Storey
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 4.Strengthening of Infill Masonry Walls
When columns are lean and non
Ductile

If infill walls are 9 thick contributio

Of wall can be considered

Reinforcements are provided

Only at critical locations in Splint
And Bandage method

Wall jacketing is done if walls have

Low strength

Splint and Bandage

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 Strengthening of Infill Masonry
Walls

Jacketing of wall

Splint and Bandage Technique

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 Criteria for Retrofit Design

Minimum Life Safety at MMI IX Shaking

Maximum 30% of New Construction Cost

Enhancement of minimum 2/3rd life

period of similar new buildings

For all Options!!!

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 Conclusions

Many Buildings Vulnerable: Need for Seismic

Retrofitting
Retrofitting options: Depend on existing
conditions and expected performances
Appropriate Seismic Retrofitting Option:
Technically Feasible
Cost Effective(20-30% cost)
Local Available Materials can be used
Socially acceptable

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Thank You!

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