English 4º Eso

The United Kingdom The United States of America Ireland
Canada Australia New Zealand
NAME:
NUMBER: GROUP: 4
IES Cannigo Manchn English Department Workbook 4ESO 1

INTRODUCTION UNIT
LANGUAGE BUILDER
GEOGRAPHY
bank island
bridge mountain
cave north
cliff river
coast south
east west
CLOTHES AND ACCESSORIES
blouse hood
boots jeans
bracelet mini-skirt
cap necklace
dress ring
earrings shoes
flip-flops trousers
high heels
FOOD AND ADJECTIVES
beef cooked
biscuit fattening
butter fried
carrot frozen
crisps oily
eggs raw
fish salty
ice cream sour
popcorn spicy
rice sweet
ADJECTIVES FOR FASHION
casual old-fashioned
fashionable practical
formal sensible
modern trendy

EXCHANGING PERSONAL INFORMATION
What year are you in at school?
How do you feel about school?
Have you got any interesting hobbies?
Whats your favourite sport?
What type of person are you?
Can you tell me something else about

yourself?
CLASSROOM LANGUAGE
Whats this word in English?
How do you pronounce ?
How much time have we got?
What page is it on?
Can you explain this, please?
Can you repeat that, please?
Can I borrow your , please?
When is the project / this homework due?
What time is break?
INTRODUCTION UNIT Grammar Notes

PRESENT SIMPLE
Affirmative Form: Negative Form: Interrogative Form:
I/we/you/they + Infinitive verb Q. A. S. I.
I/we/you/they + DONT + Inf v Question auxiliary subject Infinitive
Inf verb -s
(general rule) Word of the verb
*He/she/it + DOESNT + Inf v what
Inf verb -es
*He/she/it + (when the verb which
finishes in: -s, who
-sh, -ch, -x, -o, when + DO + I/we/you/they + Inf.v.?
or in cons +y) where + DOES + *he/she/it + Inf.v.?
how
Short answers: why
Yes, I/we/you/they DO No, I/we/you/they DONT whose
Yes, *he/she/it DOES No, *he/she/it DOESNT
ADVERBS:
USE:
- Frequency adverbs: always, often, usually, sometimes, seldom, never.
- Habits, routines - Expressions of frequency: every day / week / month / year, once / twice /
- Facts, permanent states three times / four times a day / week / month / year, in the morning, at
- General truths night, at weekends,
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
Affirmative Form: Negative Form: Interrogative Form:
I am I m not Am I
He/she/it is + verb -ING He/she/it isnt + verb -ING (Q) Is he/she/it + verb -ING?
We/you/they are We/you/they arent Are we/you/they
Spelling changes: when the verb finishes in

-e: v. -e +ING
-1 vowel + 1 cons.: v. -2xcons +ING
-ie: v y +ING
Short answers:
USE: Yes, I am.
ADVERBS: Yes, he / she / it is.
- Actions at the same
- Now, at present, right now, at the moment Yes, we / you / they are.
time of speaking
- this week / month / year
- Temporary actions No, Im not.
- Tomorrow, next week / year / month / summer
- Future plans No, he / she / it isnt.
No, we / you / they arent

PAST SIMPLE
Affirmative Form: Interrogative Form:

Q. A. S. I.
Suj + Inf. Regular V. ed Question auxiliary subject Infinitive
Spelling changes: when the verb finishes in Word of the verb
-e: v. -e + d
-1 vowel + 1 cons.: v. -2xcons + ed (Q) + DID + suj + Inf.v.?
- consonante+y: v. -i + ed
Negative Form: Short answers:

Yes, I/he/she/it/we/you/they DID
Suj. + DIDNT + Inf v No, I/he/she/it/we/you/they DIDNT
USE: ADVERBS:
Finished actions yesterday (ayer), the day before yesterday (anteayer), last night (anoche),
in the past last week (la semana pasada), last month (el mes pasado), last year (el ao pasado),
last weekend (el fin de semana pasado), ago (hace ), in (+ past date),
when I was young (cuando era joven)
PAST CONTINUOUS
Affirmative Form:
Negative Form: Interrogative Form:
I/he/she/it was
I/he/she/it wasnt Was I/he/she/it
+ verb -ING
+ verb -ING (Q) + verb -ING?
We/you/they were
We/you/they werent Were we/you/they
Spelling changes: when the verb finishes in

-e: v. -e +ING
-1 vowel + 1 cons.: v. -2xcons +ING
-ie: v y +ING
ADVERBS: Short answers:

USE: - at (time) yesterday / last Yes, I / he / she / it was.
- Unfinished actions in the past night / last week / last month / last Yes, we / you / they were.
- Long simultaneous actions in year
the past (WHILE / AS) - oraciones temporales No, I / he / she / it wasnt.
precedidas por while (mientras) No, we / you / they werent.

WAYS OF EXPRESSING THE FUTURE
PRESENT CONTINUOUS BE GOING TO DO STH. SIMPLE FUTURE

am am
Suj. + will + Inf. v.
+ Suj. + is + verb-ING Suj. + is + going to + Inf. v.
(`ll)
are are
m not m not
- Suj. + isnt + verb-ING Suj. + isnt + going to + Inf. v. Suj. + wont + Inf. v.
FORMA arent arent
Am Am
? Is + suj. + verb-ING ? Is + suj. + going to + Inf. v. ? Will + suj. + Inf. v. ?
Are Are
Yes, suj. + am / is / are Yes, suj. + am / is / are Yes, suj. + will
X No, suj. + m not / isnt / arent No, suj. + m not / isnt / arent No, suj. + wont
Predicciones futuras
Intenciones, planes o (weather forecasts,
Planes personales ya decisiones: ya has decidido horoscopes, ), con
organizados (ej. quedar hacer algo pero puede que expresiones como
USO con amigos, ir al mdico o an no lo hayas organizado I think / believe /
a la peluquera) Predicciones inmediatas expect / wonder, Im
anotados en las agendas cuando es muy evidente que sure, perhaps y
algo va a suceder probably, y decisiones
repentinas
What are you doing at the Im going to buy a new pair of shoes Tomorrow it will be sunny in
weekend? tomorrow. Alicante.
Im not going out tonight. Are you going to invite John to the I think Diana will pass the
ejemplos
party? exam.
Look at the clouds! Its going to rain. Well probably go out this
evening.
ADVERBIOS DE TIEMPO: (pueden ir al principio o al final de la frase)
TOMORROW (maana), NEXT MONTH (el mes prximo), NEXT WEEK (la semana que viene), NEXT
YEAR (el ao que viene), IN ... (+ a future date), LATER (ms tarde), SOON(pronto), IN AN HOUR (dentro
de una hora), IN THE FUTURE
DETERMINERS AND QUANTIFIERS
DETERMINERS
a / an + n. en singular (+,-,?) uno, una some + n. incontable (+) algo de
some + n. en plural (+) algunos, -as any + n. incontable (-, ?)
any + n. en plural (-, ?)
QUANTIFIERS
How many + n. plural (?) cuntos, -as How much + n. incontable (?) cunto, -a
a few pocos, as a little poco, a

a lot of / many muchos, as + n. plural (+) a lot of mucho, a + n. incontable (+)
too many demasiados, -as too much demasiado, -a
many + n. plural (-, ?) much + n. incontable (-, ?) mucho, a
enough + n. plural suficientes enough + n. incontable suficiente

THE COMPARISON IN ENGLISH
=
(COMPARATIVO DE
COMPARATIVE
ADJECTIVES
(+ THAN)
SUPERLATIVE
ADJECTIVES
(+ IN / OF)
ms que el/la/los/las ms de
SUPERIORIDAD)
SHORT ADJECTIVES
General rule tall Adj. + -er taller The adj. + -est the tallest
Exceptions:
1-syllable adjectives ending in
-e nice Adj. + -r nicer The adj. + -st the nicest
- a vowel and a consonant big Adj. + 2xcons + -er bigger The adj. + 2xcons + -est the biggest
1 or 2-syllable adjectives ending in
consonant + -y dry Adj. (-y) + -ier drier The adj. (-y) + -iest the driest
happier the happiest
happy
LONG ADJECTIVES
2 or more syllable adjectives expensive more + adj. more expensive The most + adj. the most expensive
IRREGULAR ADJECTIVES
Good Better The best
Bad Worse The worst
Far Farther / further The farthest / furthest
= (COMPARATIVO DE IGUALDAD)
(NOT) AS + adjective + AS (tan como)

John is as tall as Tim.
Tim isnt as tall as John

Vocabulary
1 Complete the chart with the words below:

baseball bat theatre playground surgeon hockey stick engineer
tennis racket office shop assistant power station hairdresser wrist guard
Sports
Places Jobs
Equipment
2 Complete the words below:
1 2 3 4
bs ne sr be
5 6 7 8
ss me f d h
3 Choose the correct answer:

a) Our class is going to plant / prepare / develop some trees in the forest next week.
b) My brother damaged / destroyed / discovered my phone, but it still works.
c) Calvin Klein and Giorgio Armani develop / plan / design clothes.

d) Cacao and sugar are used to produce / display / construct chocolate.
e) Please interrupt / turn off / repeat that. I didnt hear you.

4 Match the products in A to the materials they are made from in B:
A B
a) ice cream ....... cloth
b) textbook ....... glass or plastic
c) can ....... paper
d) blouse ....... milk
e) bottle ....... metal
5 Circle seven adjectives in the puzzle and write them next to their synonyms:
e x h a u s t e d e r j o 1. angry
c f f j e h c r s a g l u 2. sensible
s s u h s l a t f d w i t 3. old-fashioned
t j r l a u s t u n n e d
4. thrilled
a d i j q e w u h t f o a
5. surprised
t f o p r a c t i c a l t
6. embarrassed
i s u n n q d o k a c l e
7. tired
c c s f c m a s h a m e d
Grammar

a) Anita often visits / is visiting / visit her cousins in England.
b) Sandra doesnt prepare / isnt preparing /prepares lunch now.
c) You are eating / Do you eat / Are you eating at the moment?
d) Stan isnt thinking / doesnt think / dont think Avatar is a great film.
e) Is Ben walking / Does Ben walk / Ben walks to school every day?
7 Complete the text with the verbs in brackets. Use the Past Simple:
Christopher Columbus 1 (sail) across the Atlantic Ocean in 1492.

Travelling across the ocean was expensive, but Queen Isabella of Spain
2
(pay) for the trip. She 3 (want) him to find a new
way to get to India and other countries in the east.
4
Columbus (find) India? No, he didnt. The trip
was long and difficult, but Columbus 5 (not stop). After many weeks,
he finally 6 (arrive) at an island near the coast of North America. Then,
he 7 (continue) to Cuba, but he 8 (not know) it was
Cuba. He 9 (think) it was Japan.

8 Complete the sentences with the words in brackets. Use will or be going to:
a) I need some sugar. you (go) to the shop and
buy
some for me?
b) your parents (try) to sell your house next year?
c) I dont think Tom (arrive) tomorrow afternoon.
d) In the future, cars (not use) petrol.
e) Sandra (not study) at university next year. She wants to travel.

a) My friends will complete / completed / completes their projects a week ago.
b) Are you going to call / You are calling / Do you call Mark tonight?
c) It didnt rain / isnt raining / wont rain tomorrow.
d) Barbara is going abroad / goes abroad / go abroad every year.
e) The doctor wont examine / isnt examining / didnt examine any patients right
now.
10 Complete the sentences with the comparative or superlative form of the words in
brackets:
a) Ellies dress is (short) Jades dress.
b) That is (expensive) necklace in the shop.
c) Rachel is (tall) her sister.
d) Is Tom (good) athlete in the class?
e) My old shoes are (comfortable) my new shoes.
11 Complete the sentences with the words below:

the any an many a
a) There are good books in the library.
b) I had cheese sandwich for lunch.
c) She likes long blue coat.
d) I havent got pencils in my schoolbag.
e) Hes got apple and a banana.

Reading
12 Read the text. Then tick ( ) the sentences T (true) or F (false) according to the
text:
If you open your cupboard, youll probably find at least ten T-shirts! But who invented
the T-shirt? We dont really know. In 1913, this simple white shirt with short sleeves
was part of the American soldiers uniform. During World War II, 12 million American
soldiers wore these shirts under their uniforms. When they returned home from the
war, men continued wearing their T-shirts around the house because they were very
comfortable. But people thought the T-shirt was too casual to wear outside the
house.
Then, in the 1950s, some young film and rock stars like Marlon Brando and Elvis
Presley started wearing T-shirts in public places. Most adults were horrified, but their
young fans were thrilled. They loved the idea of wearing T-shirts outside the home,
especially because it upset their parents!
By the 1960s and 1970s, more people were wearing them, but the T-shirt was
changing. They werent white any more they were colourful. Later, T-shirts had
messages on them. Sometimes, the messages expressed a serious opinion and
sometimes, they were funny. T-shirts were developing a personality!
Today, people of all ages wear T-shirts. You can buy cheap ones in the markets or
you can find expensive T-shirts created by fashion designers. They can be elegant
or casual. People wear them with jeans or suits, long skirts or miniskirts. Fashions
change, but T-shirts are here to stay.
T F
a) The original T-shirts were colourful.
b) Men liked wearing T-shirts at home.
c) Elvis Presley and Marlon Brando had an influence on fashion.
d) In the 1950s, many parents began wearing T-shirts in public places.
e) Today, some T-shirts are cheap and others are expensive.
13 Answer the questions:

a) Why didnt people wear T-shirts in public places before the 1950s?

b) Why did teenagers like wearing T-shirts outside the house?

c) What are two ways T-shirts changed in the 60s and 70s?

d) Who wears T-shirts today?


Writing
WORD ORDER
SUBJECT+(ADVERB OF FREQUENCY)+VERB+COMPLEMENTS (MANNER+PLACE+TIME)
14 Write the words in the correct order to make sentences. Remember to add
capital letters:
a) beautiful / week / a / coat / Susan / last / red / bought /.

.
b) because / has / book / David / lost / his / is / he / upset /.
.
c) abroad / parents / just / have / Ellens / gone.
.
d) you / my / where / put / did / phone /?
.
e) the / TV / in / this / is / best / shop / the /?
.
f) buys / first-class / always / he / tickets /.
.
g) lost / we / last year / luggage / our /.
.
h) platform / walked / we / quickly / the / to / .
.
i) travelled / you / recently / where / have / ?
.
j) the / midnight / they / at / arrived / hotel / at /.
.
UNIT 1
LANGUAGE BUILDER

TRAVEL
accommodation high-speed train
airline journey
airport luggage
convenient mobile home
countryside passengers
fare station
flight trip
TRAVEL ARRANGEMENTS
catch a train return ticket
coach route
first class single ticket
miss a train standard class
platform timetable
MAKING TRAVEL ARRANGEMENTS
Do you want single or return tickets?
What time does it leave / arrive?
How long does it take to get there?
How often does the train leave?
Would you like first or standard class?
What time would you like to leave / get

there?
How many tickets do you want?
Which platform does it leave from?
Is it a direct route?
ON THE UNDERGROUND
How do I get to ?
Take the Line to
Then change to the Line
How many stops is it from ?
Only stops. You cant go wrong.
DIALOGUE: AT A TRAVEL AGENCY

A: Me gustara comprar billetes de avin a A:
Pars.
B: Qu da le gustara irse? B:
A: Me gustara irme el lunes, 1 de agosto, A:
y volver el lunes, 8 de agosto.
B: Querra un billete de primera clase o B:
de clase turista?
A: Querra un billete de primera clase A:
Cunto es?
B: El billete vale 500. B:
UNIT 1 Grammar Notes

PRESENT PERFECT
USO:
- Acciones pasadas sin especificar el momento exacto en que se produjeron (no lo
conocemos o no nos interesa ).
Shes seen that film.
- Acciones pasadas que afectan al presente o tienen consecuencias en el momento
actual.
Ive been here for 10 minutes.
- Acciones que empezaron en el pasado y an continan.
Ive known my best friend for all my life.
- Para dar informacin nueva o para contar un suceso reciente.
Ow! Ive cut my finger.
The road is closed. Theres just been an accident.
FORMA:
Past Participle of the main verb:
I / we / you / they + HAVE
+ + - Inf. of Regular verb ed
He / she / it + HAS
- 3rd column in the list of Irregular verbs
I / we / you / they + HAVENT
- + - Inf. of Regular verb ed
He / she / it + HASNT
HAVE + I / we / you / they
? - Inf. of Regular verb ed
HAS + He / she / it
+ - 3rd column in the list of Irregular verbs
Short
a
n
Yes, I / we / you / they + HAVE No, I / we / you / they + HAVENT
s X
w Yes, he / she / it + HAS No, he / she / it + HASNT
e
r
ADVERBS: hay diferentes posiciones en la frase

Delante del past participle:
Ever (alguna vez) (?) Have you ever been to France?
(en la vida) (+) This is the most boring film Ive ever
seen.
(nunca, jams) (-) I havent ever worked so much.
Never (nunca) Ive never been to France.
Just (acabar de hacer algo) Shes just had breakfast.
Already (ya) (+) We have already studied.
Al final de la frase:
Yet (ya) (?) Has he done his homework yet?
(todava) (-) I havent done my homework yet.
For + periods of time (durante, desde hace) Ive had my car for 5 years.
Since + point in time (desde) Weve been married since 2008.
Today / This week / month / year / season / term (cuando estos periodos no han
acabado en ese momento) He hasnt worked very hard this term.
Recently (recientemente) Have you heard from George recently?
Lately (ltimamente) I havent seen him lately.
So far (hasta ahora/el momento) We havent had any problems so far.
Several times (varias veces) They have worked for us several times.
Al principio de una pregunta:
How long (cunto tiempo hace) (?) How long have you lived here?
PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE PAST

It is a present tense: it always tells us It tells us only about the past: we are only
something about now. We are interested in interested in the action in the
the present result of the action. past
Tom has lost his key. Tom lost his key
(=he doesnt have his key now) (=we dont know if he has it now or not)
Things that happened in the past, but the Things that happened a long time ago, in a
time still continues to the present finished time in the past:
My sister is a writer. She has written many Shakespeare wrote many plays.
books (= she stills writes books) (=he is dead, so he cant write now)
To give new information If we go on talking about this new

Ow! Ive burnt myself information
How did you do that?
I picked up a hot dish.

Vocabulary
1 Find ten travel words in the word search:

a v s t i n r x a j f s c g l
i c o n v e n i e n t f o d h
r s c e d f n c q i v x u o p
l e s o x f h r w a f s n f h
i c h o m s c i d j a o t l l
n f u u d m t j v o r d r d u
e d r d s d o s g k e g y f g
s g s x n a f d s i p j s g g
d j o a c l s r a b n l i j a
s t a t i o n y o t f k d n g
s k c o n p s d d f i g e m e
a o n j s u w a y g o o l k r
p a s s e n g e r s y u n l f
j f l i g h t d f g h o j d g
m k w e s d f n c e e r t x j
m k a s s d f g h s f f h e k
s f s d f m o b i l e h o m e
2 Complete the sentences using the words in Exercise 1:

a)British Airways and US Air are names of .
b)I flew to the USA. The was ten hours.
c)Its very to live opposite a supermarket. Its easy to do the
shopping.
d)I didnt pay a lot of money for my bus ticket. The was cheap.
e)The train left the at 10.00.
f)My was very heavy. I asked someone to help me carry it.
g)There were many on the train with me.
h)I live on a farm in the .
i)We need for two nights.
j)They travelled in their all summer.

Grammar

just since for never yet ever
a) I have hated fish I was a child.
b) I have known Tom five years.
c) I havent heard from him .
d) I have finished school. I did my last exam a week ago.
e) Tim is single. He has been married.
f) This is the best film I have seen.
4 Complete the answers to the questions. Use the words in brackets and the
Present Perfect Simple:
a) Do I have to clean the kitchen?
No, you dont. I .......................................................................................................... . (already)
b) Did they do their homework?
No, they didnt. They ........................................................................................................ . (yet)
c) Was Sally in Paris last summer?
No, she wasnt. She ..................................................................................................... . (never)
d) Would you like to eat something?
No thanks, I ..................................................................................................................... . (just)
5 Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets. Use the Past Simple or
Present Perfect Simple:
a) Bill just (suggest) a great idea for our history
project.
b) My friends never (have) Mexican food. They
want to try it.
c) Lucy (read) this book a long time ago.
d) We (not see) any good films recently.
e) Yesterday I (visit) my grandmother. She (be)
very happy to see me. We (not see) each other for such a long
time.

Vocabulary
6 The words in bold are in the wrong sentences. Write them next to the correct
sentences:
a) A return ticket is more expensive than a standard-class ticket.
b) Im very late. I hope I dont catch a train.
c) I want to see what time the train is leaving. I will check the route.
d) The train is leaving from timetable three.
e) Im sorry I cant talk now. Im running to miss the train.
f) Id like to buy a platform to London. Im only travelling in one direction.

g) Ill check my map and decide which is the best single ticket to take.

h) A first-class ticket allows you to travel in both directions.
Grammar
7 Write questions with the words below. Use the Present Perfect Simple:
a) you / ever / be / to America

b) your friends / ever / make / you / a surprise party

c) you / have / dinner / yet

d) your best friend / ever / forget / your birthday

e) you / ever / miss / a train

8 Answer the questions in Exercise 7. Make them true for you:

a) ...............................................
b) ...............................................
c) ...............................................
d) ...............................................
e) ...............................................

9 Look at pictures of Sally from her childhood. Complete the sentences with the
words in brackets and the correct form of used to:
a) Sally .............................................................................................. . (live / in the countryside)

b) Sally and her friends ................................................................................. . (walk / to school)
c) Sallys parents .......................................................................................... . (have / a big car)
d) Sally ............................................................................................................. . (play / a guitar)
10 Complete the text with the verbs in brackets. Use the Present Perfect Simple or
Past Simple:
I 1 (want) to be a pilot all my life. When I 2 (be) a

child, I 3 (live) near an airport and I used to watch the planes as they
4
(fly) over my house. My mother 5 (not like) the
loud noise but I 6 (love) hearing and seeing the planes. Today Im a
pilot. I 7 (work) for many airlines since 1990 and I 8
(travel) around the world. However, I 9 (never fly) over my own
house!

Reading
11 Read the text. Then answer the questions:
THE LONELY PLANET TRAVELLER

In 1972, Maureen and Tony Wheeler travelled across Asia. It wasnt easy. They didnt
have a lot of money, they drove an old car, but they had a sense of adventure. When
they returned, they wrote a book about their travel experiences. The book was
completed in 1973 and it was a huge success. The Wheelers realised that many other
people with only a small amount of money wanted to travel around the world, and
they needed guidebooks to make it easier for them to do it. This is how the Lonely
Planet guidebook series began.
Since those early days, Lonely Planet guidebooks have become the most popular
travel guides in the world. Today, there are over 500 different Lonely Planet travel
guides in eight different languages. Maureen and Tony have got hundreds of travel
writers.
Lonely Planet guidebooks used to be for young travellers without money, but things
have changed in the last 30 years. Today, the Lonely Planet company has got
photography books, food guides, a monthly magazine and a popular website for
travellers.
Some people are critical of the guidebooks. They feel that Lonely Planet guides are
destroying many beautiful places in the world. They say that if a place is written about
in a Lonely Planet guidebook, many travellers will probably go there. As a result, quiet
and beautiful places do not stay quiet and beautiful.
Although the Lonely Planet guidebooks have caused certain places to change, the
company is also trying to make a positive difference to the world. It donates 5% of its
profits to organisations in poor countries. No one can be critical of that!
a) How did the Wheelers first guidebook help travellers?

b) Why do hundreds of travel writers work for the Wheelers?

c) Why do some people criticise the Lonely Planet books?

d) How does the Lonely Planet company help the world?

12 Write questions with the words below. Use the Present Perfect Simple. Then
answer the questions according to the information in the text:
a) how long / the Lonely Planet company / exist

b) how / the Lonely Planet company / change / over the years

c) how / Lonely Planet guidebooks / affect / places around the world


Writing
13 Imagine you are a Lonely Planet travel guide writer. Write an entry for the website
describing how to travel in your area without a lot of money. Think of where to go to
eat and sleep:
COMPOSITION 1
14 Write the words in the correct order to make sentences, after writing the verbs in
the correct verbal tense:
a) see / anyone / yesterday evening / Mr Thomas / ?

.
b) in London / 2001 / the children / live / since /.
.
c) every year / visit / Anna / where / the city / grow up / her parents /.
.
d) at 11 oclock / the baby / last night / sleep / ?
.
e) start / the party / Beth / by the time / arrive / ?
.
f) this / read / last week / which / I / be / the book /.
.
15 Correct the following sentences:

a) My friends studied yesterday quietly in the library.
.
b) Studied all afternoon and his sister too.
.
c) My neighbours help me always whenever I need it.
.
d) He always is angry with everybody.
.
16 Translate the composition into English:

Useful vocabulary:
HAVE A JOURNEY: hacer un viaje
TO TRAVEL ON A TRAIN: viajar en tren
Nunca he hecho un viaje como el que hice en la India. Estaba viajando en el tren hacia la
ciudad de Mumbai. Junto a m estaba un grupo de mujeres en saris, un tipo de vestido
hind. Eran de preciosos colores brillantes. Durante el viaje, un nio pequeo empez a
hablar conmigo. Me habl de sus dos comidas favoritas: kebabs de ternera y el helado de
chocolate de McDonalds. Qu divertido! Lo sent cuando llegamos a la estacin.
He estado en trenes antes. Mi hermano y yo solamos viajar en tren todos los das. Pero
en Londres todos se sientan y no hablan. Viajar en tren en la India es mucho ms
divertido.
COMPOSITION 2
17 Read the chart about Ruths diary entry:

DATE: Last summer (the beginning of August)
PLACE: Paris
PEOPLE YOU WERE WITH: My parents
WHAT YOU DID: Visit museums, go to a theme park,
go sightseeing, take photographs
WHAT HAPPENED: At the station, a boy dressed like a clown,
throwing balls in the air, a girl sitting down next to
dad. When on the train, camera gone
THINGS YOU WANTED TO DO BUT COULDNT see a musical, go shopping
YOUR FEELINGS: Happy, excited, but upset and disappointed
18 Now use the information in the chart to write a blog entry about the trip.
Organise your ideas into paragraphs. Here you have got some tips:
PARAGRAPH 1 (Give the date and place, and some general information).
Useful language:
It was (date) and I/we were in
I wanted
PARAGRAPH 2 (Give details about events and feelings)
Useful language:
I got
There was / were
PARAGRAPH 3 (Sum up the event).
Useful language:
It was a day
COMPOSITION 3
19 Think about a trip (real or imaginary). Then complete the chart below:
DATE:
PLACE:
PEOPLE YOU WERE WITH:
WHAT YOU DID:
THINGS YOU WANTED TO DO BUT COULDNT
YOUR FEELINGS:
20 Now use the information in your chart to write a blog entry about the trip.
PARAGRAPH 1 (Give the date and place, and some general information).
Useful words: visit museums, go for a boat ride, go for a walk, go to a
concert, see exhibitions, go camping, go hiking (dar una caminata), go
sightseeing (visitar lugares de inters), plan (organizar), sunbathe
(tomar el sol), take photographs, go to a theme park
Useful language:
It was (date) and I/we were in
Today was I wanted
PARAGRAPH 2 (Give details about events and feelings)
Useful words: Adjectives to describe feelings: to be afraid of/ sad about/ happy
about/ scared of/ delighted about/ excited about/ upset about / relieved /
disappointed)
Useful language:
I got There was / were
PARAGRAPH 3 (Sum up the event).
Useful language:
Its been a day
COMPOSITION 4

UNIT 2
LANGUAGE BUILDER

NATURAL DISASTERS
ash predict
collapsed rocks
dangerous safe
earthquake strike
eruption survivor
flood trapped
injured volcano
landslide warned
mud
EMERGENCIES
aid missing
break out put out
burn search
drown shelter
flames smoke
hit tragedy
homeless
DESCRIBING A SCENE
What can you see?
What has happened?
Whats happening now?
How do you think the people feel?

Whats going to happen next, in your
opinion?
It looks like
They are probably
The will probably
I can see
EMERGENCY PHONE CALLS

Which service do you need?
Whats the emergency?
An emergency vehicle is on its way.
Please stay on the line.
DIALOGUE: ABOUT A PHOTO IN A NEWSPAPER

A: Qu puedes ver en la foto, Mike? A:
B: Puedo ver a algunas personas huyendo B:
de un volcn.
A: Qu ha ocurrido? A:
B: Parece que el volcn ha empezado a B:
entrar en erupcin.
A: Cmo crees que se siente la gente de A:
la foto?
B: Probablemente estn aterrorizados. B:

RELATIVE CLAUSES
DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES (Oraciones adjetivas especificativas)
They give necessary information.
Ex: The soldiers who were in the front died. (only the soldiers being in the
front, the rest of them didnt die)
DEFINING RELATIVES:
ANTECEDENT RELATIVE
People WHO / THAT WHO / THAT / ----
(= he/she/they) (= him/her/them)
subject (1) complement (3)
WHOSE
que que
(=his/her/its/them)
Things WHICH / THAT /
WHICH / THAT possession (5)
----
(= it/they) cuyo
(= it/them)
subject (2)
complement (4)
que
que
Places WHERE (= there) (6)
Time WHEN / THAT / ---- (7)
Examples:
1. The woman is a doctor. The woman lives next door.
Subj. (= she)
The woman who / that lives next door is a doctor.
2. Where is the cheese? The cheese was in the fridge.
Subj. (= it)
Where is the cheese which / that was in the fridge?
3. Do you know the woman? Tom is talking to the woman.
Object (= her)
Do you know the woman who / that / ---- Tom is talking to? *
4. Have you found the keys? You lost the keys.
Object (= them)
Have you found the keys which / that / ---- you lost?
5. I met a man. The mans sister knows you.
Possession (= his)
I met a man whose sister knows you.
6. The hotel wasnt very clean. We stayed in that hotel.
Place (= there)
The hotel where we stayed wasnt very clean.
7. It was last year. Frank went up north that year..
It was last year when / that / ---- Frank went up north.
* When there is a preposition after the verb: prep + WHOM / WHICH
WHO / WHICH / THAT / ---- + + prep
NON-DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES (Oraciones adjetivas explicativas)

They give extra information and are between commas.
The soldiers, who were in the front, died. (all the soldiers died)
NON-DEFINING RELATIVES:
We can use WHO, WHICH, WHOSE, WHERE and WHEN, but we cant use
the relative pronoun THAT. The relative pronoun is never omitted.
INDEFINITE PRONOUNS
SOME-compounds: ANY-compounds:
In affirmative sentences In negative sentences / questions
Someone / somebody: alguien Anyone / anybody: nadie / alguien
Something: algo Anything: nada / algo
Somewhere: a/en algn sitio Anywhere: en ningn / algn sitio

Vocabulary

survivors mud flood dangerous predict volcano
earthquake safe rocks warned trapped collapsed
a)The building moved during the .

b)Luckily, there were many of the accident.
c)Can you what the weather will be next week?
d)Its not to swim in the sea at night.
e)Dont walk barefoot here because there are many .
f)It rained a lot so there is on the ground.
g)He them but they didnt listen to him.
h)They rescued people in boats during the .
i)Its to go skateboarding without a helmet.
j)He was under the house for two days.
k)We hope there are no people in the building.
l)People used to climb this before it erupted.
Grammar
2 Choose the correct relative pronouns:

a) Thats the boy which / who / where rescued my cat.
b) The village which / that / where my parents were born is a large town today.
c) Ill never forget the moment which / when / where my house started to shake.
d) I watched a documentary on TV which / when / who was about natural disasters.
3 Match A to B and add a relative pronoun to form sentences. Write the sentences
below:
A B
a) 2005 was the year there was an earthquake last year.
b) Did you hear about the volcano were trapped on the train.
c) We spoke to the passengers Hurricane Katrina destroyed parts of the USA.
d) This is the village erupted in Iceland?
a) .................................................................................................................................................
b) .................................................................................................................................................
c) .................................................................................................................................................
d) .................................................................................................................................................

4 Join the sentences with the relative pronouns in brackets. Make any necessary
changes:
a) Earthquakes are natural disasters. They are usually devastating. (that)
b) Haiti is a poor country. More than 250,000 people died in the 2010 earthquake. (where)
c) There was a fire last night. It caused a lot of damage. (which)
d) Dr Morton is a scientist. He studies volcanoes. (who)
e) I was in Thailand in 2006. There was a tsunami then. (when)

Vocabulary
5 Match the beginnings in A to a logical continuation in B. Pay attention to the

words in bold:
A B
a) The boy has been missing for three days and to the earthquake victims.
b) There are many homeless people get out of the rain.
c) We need to find shelter and in the swimming pool.
d) Many countries are sending aid I couldnt breathe.
e) It took over two hours to put out his parents are very worried.
f) The little girl almost drowned I couldnt find my keys.
g) There was a lot of smoke in the room so after a natural disaster
happens.
h) I searched for hours but the fire.
Grammar
6 Complete the text with who, which, when or where:
Pompeii was a big and busy city in the year 79 AD. That was also the year
1
a volcano erupted and destroyed it. Pompeii was completely
covered in ash and was only discovered in the 1700s by archeologists
2
wanted to find out more about the volcano. Before it was
destroyed, Pompeii was a port city 3 was located on the Bay of
Naples. The ships brought items from all over the world, so it was a place
4
people could buy almost anything they wanted. For this reason,
archeologists have found many interesting objects at Pompeii.
7 Join the sentences using relative pronouns. Make any necessary changes:
a) John Owens is a firefighter. He has saved many people.

b) He was watching television that evening. He felt the earth move then.

c) Rescue workers are still searching for survivors. They are trapped under the rocks.

d) I ran to find shelter. I would be warm there.

e) This was a tragedy. It must not happen again.


a) I cant find my keys somewhere / anywhere.
b) I need anyone / someone to help me.
c) Can he stay with you tonight? He needs somewhere / something to sleep.
d) I dont know anyone / someone who lives here.
e) I must tell you something / someone.
f) Is there anything / anyone I can do to help?
9 Complete the answers to the questions. Use some or any compounds:

a) What did she say?
She didnt say , not one word.
b) Where is he?
I think hes over there.
c) What are you doing tomorrow?
Im not doing special.
d) Whos in the house?
There isnt in the house.
e) Are you hungry?
No, Im not. I just ate .

Reading
10 Read the text. Then complete the sentences below with the correct relative
pronouns. There may be more than one correct answer. Then tick ( ) the
sentences T (true) or F (false):
THE MOUNT ST HELENS DISASTER

Mount St Helens is a volcano in the northwest of the USA. Until 1980, the countryside
around the mountain had magnificent forests and lakes, which were home to many
animals and fish. Thousands of visitors came to Mount St Helens to enjoy its natural
beauty. All that changed on 18th May, 1980. When the side of the mountain collapsed,
Mount St Helens erupted with the energy of a nuclear explosion.
The eruption did not come as a surprise to the experts. In 1980, there were many
events which indicated something terrible was going to happen. On 15th March, there
was an earthquake under the mountain. A week later, an eruption occurred, and a
gigantic crater opened on the top of the mountain. From then until May, there were
more earthquakes and more eruptions. The situation was so dangerous that the
authorities warned people to stay away from the region near the volcano.
Fifty-seven people died on 18th May and hundreds of people became homeless.
Tragically, many of them were in areas that were considered safe!
Forests burned to the ground within minutes, and more than 7,000 bears, deer and
other animals were killed. Millions of fish also died, but many frogs survived! The
beautiful mountain region now resembled the moon it was all grey stone.
More than 30 years have passed since that terrible day, and nature is slowly returning
to Mount St Helens. Visitors can see some trees and other plants and deer. And what
will happen in the future? By the year 2200, the region will again have beautiful
forests filled with all kinds of animals, unless there is another terrible eruption.
T F
a) 1980 was the year there was a nuclear explosion
on Mount St Helens.

b) There were hundreds of people were left without
a home.

c) All the people died were in dangerous areas.

d) Today, Mount St Helens is a place there arent any
animals.

11 Describe an event that happened for each date below:
15th March 1980

March-May 1980
18th May 1980
12 Complete the sentences:

a) The region of Mount St Helens used to have ............................................................................ .
b) From March to early May, people couldnt ................................................................................ .

c) Almost all the animals and fish in the region were killed, but .................................................... .
Writing
13 Its the year 2200. Write a travel advert about Mount St Helens. Describe its past
and what you can see and do there today:
COMPOSITION 1
CONNECTORS OF SEQUENCE
- AT FIRST: al principio
- FIRST OF ALL: en primer lugar
- BEFORE (THAT): antes
- AFTER (THAT): despus
- BY THE TIME: para cuando
- THEN / NEXT : entonces, despus, a continuacin
- AS SOON AS: tan pronto como
- EVENTUALLY: finalmente (despus de muchas dificultades)
- FINALLY: finalmente
- AT LAST: finalmente, por fin
- IN THE END: al final
14 Choose the correct connectors of sequence to complete the narrative:
AT FIRST/ BEFORE, I smelled smoke. THEN/AFTER, when I looked out of the window,
I saw many firefighters. It seemed like hours but EVENTUALLY/BY THE TIME,
someone came to rescue me. AS SOON AS/ FIRST OF ALL I got out of the building, I
started to cry. It was a terrible experience but FINALLY/ NEXT, I was safe.

15 Complete the narrative with suitable connectors of sequence below. There are
more connectors than you need. There are TWO EXTRA connectors:
AT FIRST BEFORE THEN EVENTUALLY AFTER

AS SOON AS FINALLY BY THE TIME
a) we were bored but then we started to enjoy the film.

b) we arrived, everyone had left.
c) I got home, I called my friend.
d) the police arrived, the thieves had already gone.
e) I got up, had breakfast and I left home.
f) he came, I tidied my room.
16 Join the sentences with the connectors given:
a) We were listening to the strong wind. It stopped. (EVENTUALLY)

b) The helicopter came. We were hungry and scared. (FINALLY)

c) I arrived home and I watched TV immediately. (AS SOON AS)

d) The student came in. He handed in his homework .(THEN)

e) The police arrested the thief and he was taken to prison. (NEXT)

17 Imagine that a natural disaster has hit your town. Now complete the chart with your
ideas:
DATE:
PLACE:
PEOPLE AFFECTED:
EVENT:
WHAT HAPPENED:
PEOPLES FEELINGS:
END OF THE STORY: .
CONSEQUENCES OF THE STORY:
..
18 Now use the information in your chart to write a narrative about the event.

PARAGRAPH 1 (Introduce the people, the place, the event and the time).
On I was/we were ing in when
PARAGRAPH 2 (Write what happened in the story. Describe the characters feelings)
At first, then, suddenly, out of the blue /the next moment/as soon as
I was happy/sad that )
PARAGRAPH 3 (Write how the story ends)
Finally
Useful words: to cause damage causar daos-, to erupt entrar en erupcin-, to shake
sacudir-, to rise subir, ex river-, to hit golpear, sacudir ex a storm hit the city .
to blow away volar-, to fall down caerse-, to tear off-arrancar-, to pour down llover con
fuerza, to experience a natural disaster, frightened, to be afraid of
COMPOSITION 2
19 Imagine that a thief comes into your house while you are at home. Now complete
the chart with your ideas:

DATE:
PLACE:
PEOPLE AFFECTED:
EVENT:
WHAT HAPPENED:
PEOPLES FEELINGS:
END OF THE STORY: .
20 Now use the information in your chart to write a narrative about the event. Say
who was with you, what happened, how you felt and how the event ended. Organise
your ideas into paragraphs. Here you have got some tips:
PARAGRAPH 1 (Introduce the people, the place, the event and the time).
On I was/we were ing in when
PARAGRAPH 2 (Write what happened in the story. Describe the characters feelings)
At first, then, suddenly, out of the blue /the next moment/as soon as
I was happy/sad that )
PARAGRAPH 3 (Write how the story ends)
Finally
Useful words: break into (irrumpir, entrar por la fuerza), shoot at (apuntar), pull out (sacar
ex un arma), shoot somebody (disparar a alguien),to force somebody to do something
(forzar a alguien a hacer algo),hit somebody (golpear a alguien), run off (huir)
COMPOSITION 3
UNIT 3
LANGUAGE BUILDER

CRIME
arrest punish
break the law rob
burglar shoot
gang steal
hijack surrender
investigate suspect
mug thief
murder witness
TELEVISION
advert documentary
cartoon reality TV
chat show sitcom
crime drama soap opera
current affairs programme
DOING A SURVEY
I dont think that are very interesting.
To me, the silliest type of programme is

If you ask me, the most boring programme
on TV is
I think that are a waste of time.
It seems to me that the best programme is
THINGS WE LIKE
Its / Theyre my favourite.
Its / Theyre nothing special.
Im not crazy about it / them.
I dont like it / them at all.
I really hate it / them.
Im not very interested in it / them.
Its / Theyre quite enjoyable.
DIALOGUE: ABOUT A TV PROGRAMME

A: Creo que los programas de telerrealidad
A:
no son interesantes.

B: Qu opinas de las telenovelas, Claire?
B:
A: En mi opinin, las telenovelas son los
A:
programas ms tontos de la tele.

B: Para m, las telenovelas son muy
B:
interesantes.

A: Las comedias de situacin son muy
A:
buenas.

B: Yo tambin pienso que las comedias de
B:
situacin son divertidas.

PAST PERFECT
USO:
Accin ocurrida antes que otra en el pasado .
When I arrived, the police had arrested the suspect..
FORMA:
I
+ He / she / it + HAD + - Inf. of Regular verb ed
We / you / they - 3rd column in the list of Irregular verbs
I
- He / she / it + HADNT + - Inf. of Regular verb ed
We / you / they
I
? HAD + He / she / it - Inf. of Regular verb ed
We / you / they
+ - 3rd column in the list of Irregular verbs
Short
a
n
s
Yes, I / he / she / it / we / you / they + HAD
w X No, I / he / she / it / we / you / they + HADNT
e
r
ADVERBS:
Before (antes) I had cleaned the car before I went to the party
After (despus) He ate an ice cream after he had finished lunch.
As soon as (tan pronto como) As soon as I had got up, I had a shower.
By the time (para cuando) By the time he was five, he had read many books.
Until (hasta que) Until I went to Italy, I hadnt eaten real Italian food.
When (cuando) Tom had finished his homework when I arrived.
Already (ya, +) We had already studied when he came to visit us..
Yet (ya -; todava ?) It was 3 am and the pub hadnt closed yet.
When he arrived there, had the train left yet?
PAST PERFECT SIMPLE PAST

Una accin que haba ocurrido antes que Una accin que ocurri en el pasado.
otra en el pasado.
Bob had read the text before he answered the questions.

Para explicar el motivo por el que ocurri Oracin principal que acompaa a la
algo en el pasado: oracin subordinada oracin subordinada de causa.
introducida por because
He was angry because he had failed the exam.
*Pero si dos acciones ocurren casi de manera simultnea en el pasado y la segunda
es consecuencia directa de la primera, ambas van en SIMPLE PAST:
When he heard the news, he cried.

Vocabulary
1 Complete the newspaper articles with the words below:

suspects investigate arrested murder surrendered gang
break the law mugged punish thieves shot witnesses
A young man was 1 by police yesterday

after a bank robbery in the centre of London. The man is
cooperating with police. He 2 without
a fight when police took him from his home. The police
have also begun to 3 several other
4
who are connected to the robbery.
The Prime Minister wants tougher punishments for young

criminals. He said: Society must 5
young people who 6 .
Eighty-year-old Marge Stacey was attacked and

7
outside her home yesterday evening.
The attackers stole Staceys bag and ran away. Police
believe that the 8 are members of
a local 9 . Unfortunately, there were
no 10 to the crime, so it will be difficult to
identify the attackers.
A policeman died in hospital yesterday after he was

11
by a bank robber. The robber had
a gun and injured the policeman while he was trying to
arrest him. The policeman died from his injuries so the
robber will be charged with 12 .

Grammar
2 Match A to B to form sentences:

A B
a) David had already seen the film because he hadnt changed in years.
b) The teacher was angry with Sue the train had already left.
c) It was easy for me to recognise John after someone had broken into the house.
d) We arrived home so he didnt come with us to the cinema.
e) By the time I arrived at the station, who had forgotten to do her homework.

a) The police had arrested / arrested the thief because he broke / had broken the
law.
b) By the time the police had arrived / arrived, the man surrendered / had
surrendered.
c) The police investigated / had investigated the woman who robbed / had robbed
the bank.
d) The witnesses had identified / identified the suspect after they had seen / saw the
murder.
4 Write sentences with the words below. Use the Past Perfect Simple and Past
Simple:
a) by the time / we / arrive home / the burglars / run away / .

b) I / not leave / the party / until / my friends / go / .

c) Sally / already / book a ticket / when / she / cancel / her trip / .

d) you / already / see the film / before / you / read the book / ?


Vocabulary
5 Tick tick ( ) the sentences true (T) or false (F). Then correct the false sentences:
T F
a) There is often violence in crime dramas.
b) A current affairs programme tells you what happened in the world.
c) Documentaries are true stories.
d) Today, there are many channels on television.
e) Cartoons are usually sad.
f) There is a lot of romance in soap operas.
g) Adverts try to get people to buy things.
h) A sitcom is a serious TV programme.
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
Grammar
6 Answer the questions. Use the Past Perfect Simple:

a) John lied to his mother. When she found out the truth, she was very angry.
Why was Johns mother angry?
...........................................................................................................................................
b) Jason ate all the ice cream. When Laura opened the fridge, there was none left.
Why didnt Laura have any ice cream?
...........................................................................................................................................
c) Paul forgot to send Debby an invitation to his party. Debby missed the party.
Why did Debby miss Pauls party?
...........................................................................................................................................
d) Lisas parents went to bed early. They were sleeping when she got home.
Why was the house quiet when Lisa got home?
...........................................................................................................................................

7 Complete the sentences using the verbs in brackets. Use the Past Perfect Simple
or Past Simple:
a) My friends (eat) before I (arrive).
b) Tom (not pass) the test because he (not
study).
c) There (be) a lot of mud outside because it
(rain) earlier
in the day.
d) I (go) to bed after I (watch) my favourite show.
e) By the time I (get) to the party, everyone
(begin) dancing.
8 Complete the text using the verbs in brackets. Use the Past Perfect Simple or
Past Simple:
On 10th December, 1968, a car filled with a large amount of money was on its way to a
Japanese bank. A young policeman on a police motorbike 1 (stop)
the car. He 2 (tell) the bank workers in the car that someone
3
(put) a bomb under the car. The four workers 4
(get out) of the car and the policeman 5 (go) under it to look for the
bomb. A few minutes later, the workers 6 (notice) smoke and flames
under the car. They 7 (not realise) that the police officer
8
(be) really a thief. He 9 (start) the fire before he
10
(appear) from under the car. After the workers 11
(run) far away, the policeman quickly 12 (put out) the fire. He
13
(get) into the car and 14 (drive) away with all the
money. By the time the real policemen 15 (arrive), the thief
16
(disappear). He was never arrested.

Reading
9 The words below appear in the text in Exercise 10. Find the words and guess their
meanings in your own language. Use a dictionary to check your guesses:
1. ransom money 4. suspicious
2. parachuted 5. jets
3. boarded 6. trace
THE PERFECT CRIME?

DB Cooper hijacked an aeroplane in the United States on 24th November, 1971. He
received $200,000 in ransom money and parachuted from the plane. He was never
arrested. In fact, he was never found, and neither was most of the money. The FBI
continued to investigate the incident for many years. They investigated more than a
thousand suspects. In the end, they decided that Cooper hadnt survived the jump,
but many people believe that Cooper managed to escape. They would like to know
what happened to him.
Cooper boarded the aeroplane in Seattle. Witnesses said that he didnt look
suspicious in any way. After the plane had taken off, he handed a note to a flight
attendant. The note said: I have a bomb. It also demanded $200,000 in cash and
some parachutes.
The pilot didnt take any chances. He quickly landed at Seattle International Airport,
where Cooper was given $200,000 and the parachutes that he had asked for. Cooper
then ordered the flight crew to take the plane back into the air. Once the plane was
back in the air, Cooper attached something to his body. He ran to the door of the
plane, opened it and jumped out. He was never seen again.
At the time Cooper jumped, the plane was flying through a heavy rainstorm and it was
very difficult to see anything. That is why the jets that were instructed to follow the
plane didnt notice him when he jumped. Although the FBI carefully searched the
area, no trace of Cooper or his parachute was ever found. Did he die or did he
commit the perfect crime and escape? It seems we will never know.
a) What does the FBI think happened to Cooper?

.....................................................................................................................................................
b) Why did the pilot quickly land the aeroplane?
.....................................................................................................................................................
c) How did the weather help Cooper?
.....................................................................................................................................................
11 Complete the sentences according to the information in the text. Use the Past
Perfect Simple:
a) Cooper didnt give the ransom note to the flight attendant until .................................................
................................................................................................................................................... .
b) Cooper jumped out of the plane after he .................................................................................. .
c) Some people believe that before the FBI arrived to search the area, Cooper ...........................
................................................................................................................................................... .

Writing
12 Imagine you were one of the passengers on the plane that Cooper hijacked.
Describe what happened on that day:
COMPOSITION 1
CONNECTORS OF CONTRAST
- ON THE ONE HAND / ON THE OTHER HAND: por un lado/ por otro lado
On the one hand, travelling is interesting but on the other hand it is very expensive.
- BUT: pero
She is very friendly but she has got a very strong personality.
- HOWEVER (+ sentence): sin embargo
He is very good at maths, however he failed the test.
- ALTHOUGH: (+ sentence): aunque
Although he was late, he stopped to have a sandwich.
13 Choose the correct answers:

a) ALTHOUGH/ HOWEVER there were many witnesses, the police couldnt solve the
crime.
b) I dont watch a lot of reality TV, ON THE OTHER HAND/ BUT I love soap operas.
c) Adverts are often entertaining. ON THE ONE HAND/ ON THE OTHER HAND, they
can have serious messages.
d) I enjoy watching Crimewatch. ON THE ONE HAND/ HOWEVER, I seldom have
time watch TV.
e) ALTHOUGH/ BUT someone tried to rob the bank, this neighbourhood is usually
safe.
14 Rewrite the following sentences with the connectors given:

a) The suit was very cheap. I bought it. (ALTHOUGH)

b) Their car broke down. They managed to get to the garage. (HOWEVER)
.
c) She failed the test. She studied a lot for the exam. (BUT)
.
d) I still went to the party. I was tired. (ALTHOUGH)
.
15 Complete the sentences. Each time use ALTHOUGH + a sentence from the box:
I didnt speak the language We dont like her very much

I had never seen him before He had promised to be on time.
It was quite cold He has a very responsible job.
1) ..,he isnt particularly well-paid.

2) ....., I recognized him from a photograph.
3) I didnt wear a coat .
4) We thought wed better invite her to the party
5) ., I managed to make myself
understood.
6) He was late ...
16 Complete the chart about Big Brother, the famous TV programme:
NAME OF THE PROGRAMME:

TYPE OF PROGRAMME:
WHAT IT IS ABOUT:
PEOPLE PLAYING IT:
WRITERS OPINION:
RECOMMENDATION:
17 Now use the information in your chart to write a review of Big Brother. Organise
your ideas into paragraphs. Here you have got some tips:
PARAGRAPH 1 (Introduce the programme. Include its name and type. State your opinion).
(Name of the programme) shows /is about
The show is a combination of .
PARAGRAPH 2 (Give more details: the main characters, what the programme is about and
what you like/dont like about it).
I enjoy/dont like watching X because
PARAGRAPH 3 (Say why you think readers will enjoy/wont enjoy the programme)
I feel/ I think you will enjoy the drama/romance/action/humour in this show
COMPOSITION 2

18 Complete the chart about your favourite TV programme:
NAME OF THE PROGRAMME:

TYPE OF PROGRAMME:
WHAT IT IS ABOUT:
PEOPLE PLAYING IT:
WRITERS OPINION:
RECOMMENDATION:
19 Now use the information in your chart to write a review of your favourite TV
programme. Organise your ideas into paragraphs. Here you have got some tips:
PARAGRAPH 1 (Introduce the programme. Include its name and type. State your opinion).
(Name of the programme) shows /is about
The show is a combination of .
PARAGRAPH 2 (Give more details: the main characters, what the programme is about and
what you like/dont like about it).
Name of character) is played by (name of actor
/I enjoy/dont like watching X because
PARAGRAPH 3 (Say why you think readers will enjoy/wont enjoy the programme)
I feel/ I think you will enjoy the drama/romance/action/humour in this show
I highly recommend it
Useful words: sports programme, game show, quiz show, cookery programme, educational
programme, wildlife programme, to broadcast retransmitir-, to broadcast live retransmitir
en directo, quality, past-time -pasatiempos, well-known conocido, popular-, entertaining,
funny, touching conmovedor-, contestant participante..
COMPOSITION 3

UNIT 4
LANGUAGE BUILDER
TECHNOLOGY VERBS

browse scroll
click search for
delete send
drag store
insert transmit
post type
record
VERBS
hide portray
identify preserve
imagine represent
include sign
make sense of wonder
REACHING AN AGREEMENT
Lets
I dont mind -ing
How about some ?
I dont think so.
Thats a great idea.
Why dont we ?
Maybe we shoud
Id rather not.
GIVING INSTRUCTIONS
Excuse me. How do ?
First of all,
The next step is to
Well, after that,
Well, and then
DIALOGUE: ABOUT A SCHOOL PROJECT

A: Liam, quizs deberamos escribir sobre A:
la televisin.
B: No pienso que eso sea una buena idea. B:
A: Qu te parece escribir sobre el A:
telfono?
B: Por qu quieres escribir sobre eso, B:
Cathy? Eso es una idea horrible.
A: Podemos escribir sobre el coche. A:
B: Eso es una idea muy buena. B:

CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
TYPE Conditional clause Main clause

1st Conditional:
Future Simple
IF + Present Simple
POSSIBLE situations (WILL / WONT + Inf.)
and their consequences If it rains, I wont go out.
Shell have a present if she passes all her exams.
2nd Conditional:
Conditional Simple
IF + Past Simple
IMPROBABLE or (WOULD / WOULDNT + Inf.)
imaginary situations and If I won the lottery, Id buy a wonderful house.
their consequences If I were you, I would tell the truth.
She would live in England if she didnt have a Spanish boyfriend.
3rd Conditional:
IF + Past Perfect Conditional Perfect
IMPOSSIBLE situations (HAD + Past Participle ) (WOULD / WOULDNT + HAVE + Past Participle)
that will never happen
(they are referring to the If we had known your problem, we would have helped you.
past) They wouldnt have stayed at home if you had invited them to your party.
IF (si)
UNLESS = IF NOT (si no, a no ser que, a menos que)
If he doesnt finish this, he will stay in the office.
Unless he finishes this, he will stay in the office.
Vocabulary

1 Complete the sentences with suitable verbs to solve the puzzle:
1
3 4
5 6
Across
3. websites for the latest information.
5. information in this folder.
7. on the mouse.
8. the paragraph from the top of the page to the bottom.
Down
1. up and down the screen.
2. unnecessary information from the page.
4. on the keyboard.
6. TV programmes on a DVD.
Grammar

a) I will go / go / dont go to the party if I finish my homework on time.
b) Unless we will record / record / dont record this information, we will forget about
it one day.
c) Nobody will find this time capsule if you will hide / hides / hide it here.
d) Will he perform if it will rain / rains / rain tonight?
e) If you read The Time Machine, you enjoy / dont enjoy / will enjoy it.

3 Write the sentences with the words below. Use the First Conditional:
a) you / be / invisible / if / you / wear / this cloak
...........................................................................................................................................
b) everyone / know / your secret / if / you / tell / Jane
...........................................................................................................................................
c) unless / we / catch / the AVE / we / not arrive / on time
...........................................................................................................................................
d) if / a hurricane / hit / this island / there / be / many victims
...........................................................................................................................................
e) I / not speak / to Steve / if / he / not apologise
...........................................................................................................................................
4 Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets. Use the Second Conditional:
a) If I (have) more time, I (stay).
b) I (fix) it if I (understand) the problem.
c) I (can) answer the question if I (not be) so
tired.
d) If I (know) the answer, I (tell) you.
e) If I (be) taller, I (reach) it.
5 Complete the sentences. Use the First or Second Conditional:

a) If I had a lot of money, .......................................................................................................... .
b) My parents will be disappointed if ........................................................................................ .
c) Unless the weather is bad this weekend, ............................................................................. .
d) If there were no computers, .................................................................................................. .
e) If I were an inventor, ............................................................................................................. .

Vocabulary
6 Find eight verbs in the word search below:

i d e n t i f y i i p h o
i m o n v e n i e n t a p 1.
r s a w e t e o e c e i r 2.
l p i g n s i r s l s w e
3.
p g d r i n c l u u e o s
p h g o t n p e a d g r e 4.
o o j l p d e i t e v p r 5.
r f w o s i g n i d e x v 6.
t p r o p b e s e n t w e
7.
r k w o n d e r p t u h p
a l a v y a w p b s i v e 8.
y w r b r e p r e s e n t
7 Complete the sentences with the verbs in Exercise 6:

a) I cant life in a hundred years time.
b) I where he is. He hasnt called all day.
c) The witnesses were able to the suspect.
d) His new novel will a young girls life in India.
e) I dont understand what all these numbers .
f) Please your name here.
g) Does the price the flight?
h) The time capsule will the objects that are inside.

Grammar
8 Write another sentence about what might have happened in the situations below.
Use the Third Conditional and the words in brackets:
a) Greg missed the bus this morning.
(catch the bus / wake up on time)
...........................................................................................................................................
b) Diane fell and broke her leg.
(not fall / the floor not be wet)
...........................................................................................................................................
c) I enjoyed the party because you were there.
(you not come / not have a good time)
...........................................................................................................................................
d) We didnt know you were in hospital.
(visit you / someone tell us)
...........................................................................................................................................
e) Luckily no one was killed in the fire.
(firefighters not arrive quickly / many people not survive)
...........................................................................................................................................
9 Read Emilys e-mail and complete the correct form of the verb in brackets. Use
the First, Second or Third Conditional:
Hi, Jack! Its a pity you couldnt come to the Inventors Fair with me. If you
1
(be) there, you 2 (have) a great time. If you
3
(see) all the amazing inventions, you 4 (want) to
buy all of them!
My favourite invention was the MI3 robot. If I 5 (not see) this robot, I
6
(not believe) this machine existed. The MI3 does everything. If you
7
(tell) it to wash the dishes, it 8 (do) it in five
minutes. If your mother 9 (ask) you to take out the rubbish, the MI3
10
(take) it out for you. That isnt all the MI3 can also do your
homework for you! If I 11 (own) an MI3, I 12
(receive) excellent marks at school. If I 13 (be) a genius, I
14
(build) one myself. OK, OK, I know what youre thinking. But my
parents definitely 15 (not buy) me one if I 16 (ask)
them!

Reading
10 Read the text and underline a First and Second Conditional sentence:
THE FIRST MODERN TIME CAPSULE

What would you expect to see if you found a time capsule from thousands of years
ago? Well, at the Ogelthorpe University in Georgia, USA there is a room that was
locked more than 70 years ago and it is intended to stay locked for the next 6,000
years. The room is filled with objects that are meant to portray modern civilisation.
This project was the idea of Dr Thornwell Jacobs. He was a teacher of ancient history
and it disturbed him that there was not a lot of information about how people lived in
ancient times.
He decided to preserve modern civilisation because he wanted to make it easy for the
historians of the future to understand life in the early 20th century. So, he decided to
store items which represent modern civilisation.
Jacobs and his students included famous books, such as the Bible and the Koran, in
the time capsule. They also collected photographs, films and voice recordings of
world political leaders.
In addition, they collected items from daily life, including a sewing machine, an early
television and a telephone.
Jacobs was very worried that someone would open the room, so he put a sign over
the locked door. The sign requests that nobody open the room until the year 8113.
However, if the time capsule remains locked for the next 6,000 years, how useful will
it be when its finally opened?
Its possible that the items in the room wont survive for such a long time. Whats
more, we wont know if the people in the future will be able to identify the objects, and
understand what they were used for. However, if people do make sense of them, they
will certainly learn a lot about life in the 20th century.
11 Answer the questions:

a) Why did Dr Jacobs create the time capsule?
.....................................................................................................................................................
b) Why are the Bible and the Koran mentioned?
.....................................................................................................................................................
c) How did Dr Jacobs try to make sure that the room would remain locked for 6,000
years?
.....................................................................................................................................................
d) What are some problems of the time capsule?
.....................................................................................................................................................
12 Complete the sentences according to the text. Use conditionals in your answers:
a) If someone opened the time capsule, .........................................................................................
b) Dr Jacobs wouldnt have been disturbed if .................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................... .
c) Dr Jacobs wouldnt have put a sign over the room if ..................................................................
................................................................................................................................................... .
d) Unless people make sense of the items, .................................................................................. .

Writing
14 Imagine that its the year 8113 and the time capsule is opened. Write a news
article describing this event. Use information from the text to help you:
COMPOSITION 1
CONNECTORS OF ADDITION
- AND: y
Susan came in 1994 and has lived here ever since.
- ALSO: tambin.
Puede tener diferentes posiciones:
(1) Despus del verbo to be. He was also at the stadium
(2) Antes de los verbos simples. They also like reading the classics
(3) Entre el auxiliar y el verbo principal. I have also been to Europe.
- IN ADDITION: adems
In addition, there were meetings with the childrens parents.
- IN ADDITION TO (+ n / v-ing): adems de
In addition to being beautiful, she is talented.
- AS WELL AS: al igual que, tambin
He likes vegetables as well as fruit.
15 Choose the correct answer. There is sometimes more than one answer:
a) Press start AND/ALSO/AS WELL AS it will work.
b) Its got a camera AS WELL AS/ IN ADDITION/ALSO an MP4 player.
c) The film was boring. IN ADDITION/ AS WELL AS/ AND it was too long.
d) Its an amazing device to have. Its ALSO/ AS WELL AS/ IN ADDITION not too
expensive.
e) Were bringing the salad AND/ IN ADDITION/ AS WELL AS the dessert.
16 Translate the following sentences:

a) Tengo un porttil y tambin un reproductor de MP4.
.
b) Adems de ser un excelente abogado, es una gran persona.

c) Tiene 17 aos y es mi mejor amiga.

d) Peter es tambin muy inteligente.
.
e) A mis padres les gusta ver la televisin y tambin caminar.

17 Use the information given to complete the sentences with the connectors of
addition in brackets:
a) Mary bought a new computer. She bought a mouse. / AND
Mary bought mouse.
b) The class put a mobile phone in the time capsule. They put earphones there, too. /
AS WELL AS
The class put in the time capsule.
c) Greg plays the electric guitar. He writes music, too. /ALSO
Greg plays music.
d) They need a screen for the next meeting. They need a laptop computer, too. / IN
ADDITION
They need .laptop computer.
18 Complete the chart about one of the latest inventions: the e-book:
INVENTION:
OPINION:

FACTS AND EXAMPLES TO SUPPORT OPINIONS:
..
..
19 Now use the information in your chart to write an opinion essay about the e-
book. Organise your ideas into paragraphs. Here you have got some tips:
PARAGRAPH 1 (Identify the invention youve chosen and state your opinion)
There have been many (adjective) inventions in the last one hundred years.
In my opinion, the most important/one of the most important inventions of all is
PARAGRAPH 2 (Give facts and examples to support your opinion).
Thanks to you can (gracias a t puedes)
You can also In addition, you can use the to
PARAGRAPH 3 (Restate your opinion. Use connectors of addition to connect your facts
and opinion)
No other invention has had such a great effect on people. If someone hadnt
invented this invention
And, also, in addition,, as well as
Useful words: companies, to sell (vender), paper books, convenient (cmodo), to store
(almacenar), reader (lector)
COMPOSITION 2

20 Complete the chart about another important invention:
INVENTION:
OPINION:

FACTS AND EXAMPLES TO SUPPORT OPINIONS:
..
..
21 Now use the information in your chart to write an opinion essay about that
important invention. Organise your ideas into paragraphs. Here you have got some
tips:
PARAGRAPH 1 (Identify the invention youve chosen and state your opinion)
There have been many (adjective) inventions in the last one hundred years.
In my opinion, the most important invention of all is the
PARAGRAPH 2 (Give facts and examples to support your opinion).
Thanks to you can (gracias a t puedes)
You can also In addition, you can use the to
PARAGRAPH 3 (Restate your opinion. Use connectors of addition to connect your facts
and opinion)
No other invention has had such a great effect on people.
If someone hadnt invented this
And, also, in addition,, as well as
Useful words:3D films, anti-virus software, e-mail, air-conditioning, instant messaging,

laptops, penicillin, internet, telephone, computer word processor, to have a great impact on
something
COMPOSITION 3

UNIT 5
LANGUAGE BUILDER
ART

abstract masterpiece
charcoal oil
day portrait
drawing realistic
exhibition sculpture
ink sketch
landscape watercolour
ADJECTIVES
cheerful rough
complex shiny
curved simple
flat smooth
lovely three-dimensional
COMPARING AND CONTRASTING
These sculptures are similar because they
both represent
It looks like both sculptures are made of
The sculptures are different because

sculpture A is but sculpture B is
In sculpture B you can see , but in
sculpture A you cant.
Sculpture A looks , but sculpture B has
got a texture.
AT THE ART GALLERY
Please dont touch
Can I take photos of ?
No, it isnt permitted / allowed.
Is it possible to ?
There is a on the floor.
Can I help you?
Yes, I need some information about
DIALOGUE: AT AN ART MUSEUM

A: Este cuadro de Picasso es parecido a A:
este cuadro de Van Gogh porque ambos
tienen colores vivos..
B: Los cuadros son diferentes porque el B:
Picasso es ms abstracto que el Van
Gogh. .
A: El cuadro de Van Gogh es ms realista A:
que el Picasso.
B: Se puede ver gente en ambos cuadros. B:
A: Parece que ambos cuadros no son A:
cuadros tradicionales.
B: El cuadro de Picasso es ms complejo, B:
pero el cuadro de Van Gogh es bastante
sencillo.

THE PASSIVE VOICE
ACTIVE SENTENCE Active Subject + Active verb + DO *
PASSIVE SENTENCE Passive Subject + Passive verb + BY Agent

BE+ Past
Participle
VERBAL TENSE ACTIVE SENTENCE PASSIVE SENTENCE

PRESENT SIMPLE AM / IS / ARE + past participle
es hecho My mum cleans my room My room is cleaned by my mum
PAST SIMPLE WAS / WERE + past participle
fue hecho My mum cleaned my room My room was cleaned by my mum
En ingls se utiliza mucho ms la pasiva que en castellano, para destacar la accin y no el

sujeto que la realiza, y cuando el sujeto de la accin es muy obvio, desconocido o no se
quiere nombrar. Se suele traducir el verbo en la forma impersonal o en la voz activa:
This tower is used as a museum = esta torre se usa como museo
Cuando el verbo principal de la oracin rige una preposicin, sta se pone al final de una
pregunta:
What is Goya known for?
Tambin hay una peculiaridad en ingls que no se utiliza en castellano: si hay dos
complementos (Direct Object o Indirect Object) el pronombre personal (IO) se convierte en
el sujeto de la oracin pasiva:
Paul told me all his plans. I was told all his plans.
IO DO
Vocabulary
1 Unscramble the words below and then match them to each definition:
a) ylac: a liquid that is found in pens
b) apcesandl: a painting or picture of a person
c) nik: material that is used to make flower pots
d) tdelneat: a display of art in a gallery or museum
e) rtecepeiams: a painting of the countryside
f) tropatir: to be very good at something
g) ntoihixebi: a picture without paint
h) ignwrda: an excellent work of art
Grammar
The statue of David is one of the most famous sculptures in the world. In 1501, the
artist Michelangelo 1 gave / was given a block of marble. He 2 told / was told to make
a sculpture to decorate the cathedral in Florence. The sculpture is a masterpiece.
Michelangelo 3 portrayed / was portrayed the Biblical character David in a very
different way to artists before him. Goliath
4
doesnt include / isnt included in the sculpture, so art experts 5 think / are
thought that the sculpture 6 shows / is shown David before his battle with the giant.
After the sculpture 7 finished / was finished, a committee of artists 8 decided / were
decided to put it in the main square of the town. It was the first time that a sculpture of
a naked person 9 exhibited / was exhibited in a public place since ancient times.
3 Write questions with the words below, and complete the answers. Use the
Present Simple Passive, affirmative or negative:
a) this sculpture / make of / clay
...........................................................................................................................................
No, . It of wood.
b) where / the Mona Lisa / keep
...........................................................................................................................................
It in the Louvre, in Paris.
c) the / exhibition / close / on Sundays
...........................................................................................................................................
No, . It on Saturdays.
d) these / portraits / paint / with watercolours
...........................................................................................................................................
No, . They with oils.
e) cars / drive / on the right-hand side of the road / in England
...........................................................................................................................................
No, . They on the left-hand
side.

4 Complete the sentences with the words below. Use the Past Simple Passive,
affirmative or negative:
send damage steal take show
a) Some masterpieces from the museum yesterday.
b) This photograph when we were on holiday in London.
c) His paintings to art critics at an exhibition last week. Everyone
loved his work.
d) Luckily, his drawings in yesterdays fire.
e) In the past, letters online.

Vocabulary
5 Choose the correct adjective:

a) I dont like modern furniture. I prefer cheerful / rough / traditional furniture.
b) This painting is hard to understand because its lovely / complex / simple.
c) This painting has got pieces of metal in it, so its three-dimensional / shiny /
curved.
d) This material is comfortable to wear because its smooth / cheerful / traditional.
e) I cant write on this table. Its not rough / flat / complex.
Grammar
6 Complete the sentences. Use the Present Simple Passive or Past Simple Passive:
a) The project (not finish) yesterday.
b) Penicillin (discover) by Alexander Fleming.
c) English (speak) all over the world.
d) The Internet (use) for many things.
e) I (not teach) to swim until I was a teenager.
f) The library (open) on Saturdays.
g) Which materials (use) to make this ancient sculpture?
h) their pictures (take) yesterday?
7 Complete the answers to the questions with the verbs below. Use the Past Simple
Passive or Present Simple Passive affirmative or negative:
make advertise keep invite announce
a) Where is the chocolate?
It in the fridge.
b) Why didnt David come to the party?
Because he .
c) When will you know if you passed your exam?
I already know. The results last week.
d) How did you hear about the exhibition?
It in the newspaper.
e) Will this cup break if I drop it?
No, it of glass.

8 Complete the text with the verbs in brackets. Use the Present Simple or Past
Simple active or passive:
The Taj Mahal 1 (build) in 1631 by Shah Jahan. He

2
(dedicate) it to his wife, who had died. A thousand elephants
3
(use) to carry the materials that 4 (need) to
complete the building. To this day, the Taj Mahal 5 (consider) to be
one of the most beautiful buildings in the world. The white walls of the monument
6
(cover) with precious stones. It 7 (visit) by four
million people every year. Some people are worried that air pollution will damage the
Taj Mahal one day. They are looking for ways to protect the famous monument.

Reading
9 The words below appear in the text in Exercise 10. Find the words and guess their
meanings in your own language. Use a dictionary to check your guesses:
a) sunset c) dust
b) evidence d) bright
BEAUTIFUL LANDSCAPES MORE THAN JUST A PAINTING

When most people look at a painting of a sunset, they see a beautiful work of art.
When Professor Christos Zerefos looks at a painting of a sunset, he sees valuable
scientific evidence. He believes that these paintings contain important information
about the effect of volcanoes on the climate.
Scientists know that after a volcanic eruption, sunsets are very red. This is caused
from the dust and ash that is sent into the sky. Volcanoes also lower the temperature
of the Earth.
Professor Zerefos and his team decided to study paintings of sunsets before and after
volcanic eruptions. They wanted to use the paintings to measure how the volcanoes
had affected the climate in the past.
The team studied 554 watercolours and oils of sunsets that were painted between
1500 and 1900. The scientists used a computer to calculate the amount of red in
each picture. They found that the sunsets that were painted after a volcanic eruption
were bright red.
Many scientists are not convinced by this theory. According to them, it is impossible to
make scientific conclusions based on art that was painted so long ago, because it is
possible that the colours have changed since they were originally painted. What is
more, artists often try to make something look very impressive when they paint. As a
result, they may not always paint an accurate picture of nature.
Professor Zerefos disagrees. He is certain that artists accurately copy the actual
colours of the sunsets they see. He is now studying paintings that were painted in the
20th century.
So the next time you look at a painting of a beautiful sunset, examine the colours
more carefully.
a) Why did Professor Zerefos decide to study paintings of sunsets?

.....................................................................................................................................................
b) Why are sunsets very red after a volcanic eruption?
.....................................................................................................................................................
c) Why do some scientists disagree with this study?
.....................................................................................................................................................
d) Explain the meaning of the title.
.....................................................................................................................................................

11 Complete the first part of the sentences using the appropriate passive form of
the verb in brackets. Then complete the second part of the sentences according
to the information found in the text:
1. The Earths temperature .......................................... (lower) by .............................................. .
2. In the past, bright red sunsets .................................... (paint) ................................................. .
3. In the study, a computer .............................................. (use) to .............................................. .
4. According to some scientists, nature ................................ (not copy) ..................................... .
Writing
ADJECTIVE ORDER
OPINION + SIZE+ AGE+ SHAPE+ COLOUR
He is looking at a small, old grey house on the hill.
12 Complete the sentences. Add the adjectives in brackets in the correct order:
a) Im looking for a ................ table for my new flat. (BROWN,
SMALL)
b) The artist uses a lot of glass. (BEAUTIFUL,
ANCIENT)
c) We drove along a road. (LONG, MODERN)
d) Its a painting of a landscape. (FLAT, GREY,
DULL)
e) Shes got a lot of pieces of furniture.
(LARGE, OLD, UNUSUAL)
13 Correct the mistakes in the following sentences:
a) The princess wore a white long dress. .

b) The missing child has got brown short hair.

c) She bought a round brown small table.

14 Write the ADJECTIVES in the correct order to describe the people or things:
a) An OLD / ELEGANT lady.
b) A YOUNG / TALENTED artist
c) A ROUND / BLUE / LOVELY / MODERN sculpture.
d) A HUGE / NEW / CURVED / BLACK / PLAIN bridge.
e) A ... PINK / LONG / LARGE / PRETTY pair of trousers.
f) A .. LOVELY / MODERN painting.
g) BLACK / THICK lines.
h) .. FLAT / STRANGE / BRIGHT shapes.
i) An ORANGE / OLD / BIG / UGLY armchair.
j) A .. SQUARE / RED / CHEAP / SMALL table.
15 Write 6 sentences following the structure below:
SUBJECT+ VERB+ COMPLEMENT ( ADJECTIVES :SIZE+ AGE+ SHAPE+ COLOUR + NOUN) + ADVERB

a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
16 Complete the chart about a painting by Pablo Picasso. Use the information given
in the chart and complete the rest of it:
NAME: SELF PORTRAIT

DATE OF WORK OF ART: 1907
NAME OF ARTIST: PABLO PICASSO
STYLE: CUBIST PAINTING
OBJECTS AND PEOPLE (IF ANY):

SHAPES AND COLOURS:

WHAT THE ARTIST WANTED TO EXPRESS:
WRITERS OPINION:
17 Write the description of the painting by Pablo Picasso. Use the information in the
chart and organize your ideas into paragraphs:
PARAGRAPH 1 (Introduce the work of art: name/ date/ style/objects/people)
This painting was drawn by X in PLACE in DATE
It is called X
It shows
PARAGRAPH 2 (More details about the painting: physical appearance, clothes , place
PARAGRAPH 3 (Write what you think the artist was trying to express. Give your opinion)
In my opinion, the painting presents
COMPOSITION 1

18 Complete the chart about a work of art, the one you like the most in the world:
NAME: ..
DATE OF WORK OF ART: ..
NAME OF ARTIST: ..
STYLE: ..
OBJECTS AND PEOPLE (IF ANY):
SHAPES AND COLOURS: ..
WHAT THE ARTIST WANTED TO EXPRESS:
..
WRITERS OPINION: ..
19 Write the description of the work of art you have chosen. Use the information in
the chart and organize your ideas into paragraphs:
PARAGRAPH 1 (Introduce the work of art: name/ date/ style/objects/people)
(Name of work of art) was drawn/ painted / sculpted by X in PLACE in DATE
It is called X
It shows
PARAGRAPH 2 (More details about the painting: physical appearance, clothes , place )
The shapes are
The . Is painted in (colours)
It looks like (+ A NOUN)
PARAGRAPH 3 (Write what you think the artist was trying to express. Give your opinion)
The artist shows
In my opinion, the painting presents
I like it because and it makes me feel
Useful words: art movement, scene, seascape, colours (bright, cheerful, warm, dull),
moving, tragic, expressive, elegant, abstract,
COMPOSITION 2

UNIT 6
LANGUAGE BUILDER
ADJECTIVES
abandoned neglected
considerate shocking

cruel thoughtless
exotic tough
extraordinary uninformed
irresponsible unwanted
mistreated well-meaning
REPORTING VERBS
admit mention
agree promise
announce report
complain shout
explain warn
REPORTING THE NEWS
It seems that
She announced that
Apparently,
He asked
It looks like
He admitted that
According to the news,
IN THE NEWS
Do you ever read the newspaper?
Which one?
What is your favourite section of the

newspaper?
Why do you like that section?
DIALOGUE: ABOUT THE NEWS

A: Julia, ayer le un artculo interesante en A:
el peridico.
B: De qu trataba el artculo?. B:
A: Por lo visto hubo un gran incendio en el A:
bosque y murieron algunos animales.
B: Qu pas? B:
A: Parece que algunos campistas A:
encendieron un fuego en el bosque..
B: Eso es una historia terrible. B:

REPORTED SPEECH
DIRECT SPEECH: We repeat the original speakers words. The speakers words
are always between inverted commas ( / )
Subj. + SAID + (to SB.), : John said, I like playing tennis.
INDIRECT OR REPORTED SPEECH: We give the exact meaning of a remark
without necessarily using the speakers words.
Subj. + SAID + (THAT) + : John said (that) he liked playing tennis.
When we turn Direct Speech into Reported Speech in statements , some

changes are usually necessary:
- Reporting verbs: SAY (to SB.) / TELL SB.
ADMIT, ANNOUNCE, COMPLAIN, EXPLAIN, INSIST,
REMIND, AGREE, CONVINCE, REPLY, HEAR, READ
- THAT (= que) can be omitted.
- No inverted commas in the speakers words.
- Verbal tenses (when the reporting verb is in the past tense).
- Personal pronouns and possessives (when the speaker doesnt report
his/her own words).
- Time expressions and other words.
- Ex.: He said, Shes coming this week He said she was coming that week.
She said, I go to school here She said she went to school there.
When we turn Direct Speech into Reported Speech in questions , some

changes are usually necessary:
- Reporting verbs: ASK SB., WANT TO KNOW, WONDER.
- In Wh-questions: WHAT/WHO/WHEN/WHERE/HOW/WHY/WHOSE,
- In Yes/No-questions: IF / WHETHER
- No inverted commas nor question marks in the speakers words.
- The question form becomes affirmative.
- Verbal tenses (when the reporting verb is in the past tense)
- Personal pronouns and possessives (when the speaker doesnt report
his/her own words)
- Time expressions and other words.
- Ex.: He asked, What do you want? He asked me what I wanted.
She asked, Do you know Bill? She asked if I knew Bill.
General Changes:
1. Personal pronouns and possessives:
When the speaker doesnt report his/her own words, the personal pronouns and
possessives referring to the 1st and 2nd person change into the 3rd person.
I said, I like my own house I said I liked my own house. (NO CHANGE)
He said, I like my own house He said he liked his own house. (CHANGE)
2. Time expressions:
Today / tonight That day / night
This week / month / year That week / month / year
Now Then
Yesterday The day before / the previous day
Last night / week / month / year The night / week / month / year before
The previous night / week / month / year
A week ago A week before
Tomorrow The next / following day
Next week / month / year The following week / month / year
3. Other words:
This / These that / those
*This / that / these / those + n. the + n.
She said, I bought these pearls for my mum She said that she had bought the pearls for
her mum.
*This / these (pronouns) it / they, them
She said to the shop assistant, I like this She said to him she liked it.
Here there
4. Verbal tenses:
Present Simple Past Simple

She said, I often go to the cinema. She said that she often went to the cinema.
Present Continuous Past Continuous
He said, Im waiting for Ann. He said that he was waiting for Ann.
Present Perfect Past Perfect
She said, I have found a flat. She said that she had found a flat.
Past Simple Past Simple / Past Perfect
He said, I saw Ann yesterday. She said that he saw/had seen Ann the day before.
Past Continuous Past Continuous
He said, I was waiting for Ann. He said that he was waiting for Ann.
Future Simple Conditional Simple
She said, I will be in Paris in May. She said that she would be in Paris in May.
Modal CAN Modal COULD
She said, I can drive. She said that she could drive.
Modal MUST Modal HAD TO
She said, You must study. She said that I had to study.
Vocabulary

1 The adjectives in bold are in the wrong sentences. Write them next to the correct
sentences:
a) The photographs from the earthquake were abandoned. I couldnt look at them.

b) I dont trust Tom. He is considerate.
c) Many people dont know about the dangers of global warming. They are exotic.

d) It was cruel of you to call and ask how I was feeling.
e) The car was shocking under the bridge.
f) I would like to go on holiday to an irresponsible location.
g) I think its tough to keep animals in cages.
h) Bob is uninformed. He will survive.
2 Choose the correct answer. Pay attention to the adjectives in italics:

a) These animals are unwanted because they make good / bad pets.
b) It was well-meaning of Tom to insult / help me.
c) That was an extraordinary day. Ill never forget / remember it.
d) It was thoughtless of you to say those terrible / wonderful things about me.
e) When people mistreat animals, I feel happy / sad.
Grammar
3 Complete the reported sentences:

a) Its raining now, Anna said.
Anna said that it then.
b) Ill call you tomorrow, James said.
James said that he me the next day.
c) I saw Henry last night, said Diane.
Diane told us that she Henry the night before.
d) Im afraid of dogs, said Susan.
Susan said that she of dogs.
e) Ive never eaten here, Amy said.
Amy said that she there.
f) I cant hear them, Sally said.
Sally said that she them.

4 Write the direct speech sentences and questions in reported speech. Make any
necessary changes:
a) I passed my driving test yesterday, Sarah said.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
b) Will Tim be at the party tomorrow? Lucy asked.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
c) Im working now, Monica said.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
d) I must finish my homework today, Jason said.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
e) I have looked everywhere, but I cant find my dog, Jill said.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
f) We cant come to the party tonight, my cousins said.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................

Vocabulary
5 Read the sentences and choose a suitable verb that describes each one:
admit complain explain announce warn promise shout mention agree
a) The exhibition ended last night.
b) Can you hear me now?
c) Yes, I think thats a good idea.
d) I forgot to feed the dog today.
e) Ill help you find a home for these puppies.
f) Rescue Ink is an organisation that helps animals.
g) Dont touch the dog.
h) I saw Pam at the shopping centre.
i) The food isnt hot enough.
Grammar
6 Complete the mini-dialogues with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
Use reported speech:
a) A: The zoo will be open tomorrow.
B: Tomorrow? But you said that it (be) closed until September.
b) A: Im reading a book about lions.
B: Lions? You said that you (study) elephants.
c) A: We saw The Lion King on television last night.
B: Really? But you told me that you (not like) cartoons.
d) A: My dog can open the door with his mouth.
B: Oh, come on! Last week you told me that he (do) it with his
feet.
e) A: Theres Susans cat.
B: What? She told me that she (be) allergic to cats.

7 Read Andreas e-mail. Then complete the phone conversation below in reported
speech:
Hi, everybody!
I got back from Kenya this morning. I cant stop
thinking about my trip, and I want to tell you
about it.
We saw rhinoceroses, elephants, leopards,
zebras and giraffes in the wild. Every night, we
slept in tents, and we heard lions and hyenas all
night long. Ive never had such an exciting
experience!
I must go back there again one day, so Im
saving money for another trip. Maybe Ill
volunteer at an animal reserve.
C U,
Andrea
Andrea said that she 1 back from Kenya 2 . She said

that she 3 stop thinking about 4 trip, and that she
5
to tell 6 about it. She told us that they
7
rhinoceroses, elephants, leopards, zebras and giraffes in the wild. She
said that every night, they 8 in tents, and that they 9
lions and hyenas all night long. She said that she 10 such an exciting
experience. She told us that she 11 back there again one day, so she
12
money for another trip. She said that maybe she 13 at
an animal reserve.

Reading
8 Read the text and decide if the following statements are T (true) or F (false). Then
find evidence in the text to support your answers:
A TOUGH DOG
In November 2009, Jan and Dave Griffith decided to take their dog, Sophie, on a sailing
trip off the coast of Queensland, Australia. They werent watching Sophie, and suddenly
she was gone. She had fallen into the water. They began to search the area but there
was no sign of the dog. We didnt find her because it was such a grey day, said Mrs
Griffith.
The Griffiths were sure that Sophie had drowned. They were very upset and decided to
return home without their dog. But four months later, they received some good news.
Sophie had not drowned. She was alive.
After she had fallen off the ship, Sophie continued to swim. She swam about 10
kilometres through a rough sea. She arrived at a small island where she survived for
more than four months by killing baby goats and other animals.
The people who were living on the island saw a dog running around, and thought that it
must be a wild dog. When they saw that there were many dead goats on the island,
they called animal rescue workers to come and investigate.
When the Griffiths heard that the animal rescue workers had caught a dog on an island,
they wondered if it could be Sophie. As soon as Sophie saw the Griffiths, she
immediately recognised them.
We called her name and she got really excited. She began to bark and banged on the
cage. They opened the cage and she ran over to us. It was wonderful! Mrs Griffith said.
Sophies story really is extraordinary and she is very lucky to be alive.
There are a lot of dangerous animals in the sea, said a local fisherman. Its amazing
that they didnt attack Sophie.
T F
a) The Griffiths didnt see Sophie fall off the boat.

.....................................................................................................................
b) The Griffiths always believed that Sophie was alive.

.....................................................................................................................
c) People on the island gave Sophie food.

.....................................................................................................................
d) Sophie remembered the Griffiths.

.....................................................................................................................
9 Choose the correct answer. Then complete the sentence according to the
information found in the text. Use reported speech:
a) The rescue workers / weather conditions made it difficult for the Griffiths to find
Sophie. We know this because Mrs Griffith said that ..

...
b) The fisherman was / wasnt surprised that the sharks didnt attack Sophie. We
know this because the fisherman said that ...
...
Writing
10 You are a reporter who is interviewing one of the local people who found
Sophie. Write your questions to him and his answers in direct speech. Then
write a report of what he told you using reported speech:
COMPOSITION 1
INTERVIEW IN DIRECT SPEECH:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:

CONNECTORS OF CAUSE AND EFFECT
- BECAUSE:+ clause
I couldnt go out bec8use it was raining heavily.
- BECAUSE OF: + noun/ pronoun/ -ing
The party was cancelled because of the storm.
- SINCE:+ clause
The bake was successful since the cakes were delicious.
- DUE TO: + noun/ pronoun/ -ing
Due to the storm, many trains and buses stopped working.
- AS A RESULT OF: + noun/ pronoun/ -ing
As a result of the storm, a number of trees fell.
- SO: + clause
I mustnt eat a lot of sugar, so I didnt buy anything at the bake sale.
- THEREFORE: + clause
Many people bought cakes and biscuits. Therefore, the profits were good.

a) AS A RESULT OF/ THEREFORE her excellent work, she received an award.
b) Her cat was ill SO/ BECAUSE it had eaten bad food.
c) DUE TO / SINCE the snow, they stayed home.
d) I returned the rabbit BECAUSE OF/ SINCE you didnt clean its cage.
e) The water was polluted, SO/ BECAUSE the fish died.
12 Complete the sentences with the connectors of CAUSE and EFFECT:

a) DUE TO/ AS A RESULT
A. The game was cancelled .. bad weather.
B. The weather was bad and .., the game was cancelled.
b) THEREFORE/ SINCE
A. Barry took the dog to a shelter . he couldnt take care of it.
B. Barry couldnt take care of the dog. , he took it to a shelter.
c) SO/ BECAUSE OF
A. Susans dog cant climb stairs .. an injury.
B. Susans dog was injured, it cant climb stairs.
13 Complete the sentences with the connectors below:
because therefore because of so due to
a) There are many homeless animals .. last months storm.

b) Sam is sad his dog has just died.
c) Their flat is very small. they are looking for a small dog to
own.
d) The animal shelter is closed .. the terrible conditions.
e) It was raining .we decided to cancel the beach party.
14 Look at the chart about the SAVE THE FOREST DAY:

- REASON FOR EVENT: ANIMALS HAVENT GOT ENOUGH FOOD BECAUSE HOUSES
ARE BUILT ON LAND FROM THE FOREST.
- WHEN AND WHERE IT TOOK PLACE: LAST MONDAY / OUR CITY
- WHO WAS THERE: STUDENTS IN YEAR 11
- WHAT THEY DID: GO ON BIKES IN THE FOREST TO KNOW ABOUT ANIMALS AND
PLANTS / TALK TO THE MAYOR TO FIND A SOLUTION
- THE RESULT: THE CITY WILL PLANT TREES ON 100 ACRES OF LAND NEXT TO
THE FOREST.
15 Write a news report about that event. Use the information in the chart and
organize your ideas into paragraphs. Here you have got some tips:
PARAGRAPH 1 (Give the background to the event: whats the problem?)
PARAGRAPH 2 (Describe when and where the event took place and who was involved)
PARAGRAPH 3 (Describe the result)

As a result of the s hard work, it was a great success
COMPOSITION 2
16 Have a look at a newspaper or watch the news today and choose a shocking
event for you. Then complete the chart about the information:

REASON FOR EVENT: ...
WHEN AND WHERE IT TOOK PLACE: ...
WHO WAS THERE: ...
WHAT THEY DID: ...
THE RESULT: ...
17 Write a news report about that event. Use the information in the chart and
organize your ideas into paragraphs. Here you have got some tips:
PARAGRAPH 1 (Give the background to the event: whats the problem?)
PARAGRAPH 2 (Describe when and where the event took place and who was involved)
PARAGRAPH 3 (Describe the result)

As a result of the s hard work, it was a great success
COMPOSITION 3
UNIT 7
LANGUAGE BUILDER

HEALTH
allergic reaction rash
breathe runny nose
broken foot severe pain
cough sore throat
flu stomach ache
headache swollen
injection symptoms
itchy treatment
pills
KEEPING FIT
achieve your goals personal trainer
get fit put on weight
get in shape relax
lifestyle stretching
lose weight work out
AGREEING AND DISAGREEING
Thats true, but
I suppose you are right
Thats not how I see it.
Youve got a point.
Exactly!
Im sorry, but I disagree.
Youre wrong.
I agree with you.
I recommend
Lie down and Ill examine you.

Sorry, you must have a prescription for
that.
Can I help you?
Does it hurt here?
I want you to have an X-ray.
DIALOGUE: ABOUT PLANNING A CLUB FOR STUDENTS

A: Janet, deberamos hacer ejercicio por la A:
maana antes del colegio.
B: Lo siento, pero no estoy de acuerdo. B:
Todo el mundo estar demasiado
cansado por la maana.
A: Supongo que tienes razn, pero todo el A:
mundo est ocupado despus del
colegio.
B: Tienes razn, Mike. Puede que sea B:
mejor los fines de semana.
A: As no es como lo veo yo. Un club A:
escolar debera reunirse los das de
colegio.
B: Eso es cierto, pero no tenemos B:
eleccin.

MODAL VERBS
CAN Can you lend me your pencil, please?

Request (peticin) (?) May I use your pencil?
MAY
CAN/CANT (informal) Can I go out, Mum? No, you cant
Permission
COULD/COULDNT (polite) Could I go to the toilet, please?
(PODER) You may use my camera, but dont break it.
MAY (polite)
I can swim, but I cant play the piano.
CAN/ CANT (present ability) When I was 3, I could speak but I couldnt
Ability/capacity
COULD/COULDNT (past ability) read.
(SABER, PODER) If you study hard, you will be able to pass all
BE ABLE TO (other tenses)
your exams
MUST (usado por personas con

Obligation You must study harder.
autoridad: profesores, medicos, He has to keep his room tidy.
(DEBER, TENER QUE) padres, ) I had to go to the bank yesterday.
HAS/HAVE TO, HAD TO
Im not working tomorrow, so I dont have to
Absence of obligation DONT/DOESNT HAVE TO get up early.
We didnt have to wait very long, as the bus
(NO TENER POR QU, DIDNT HAVE TO soon came.
NO SER NECESARIO) WONT HAVE TO I passed all my exams, so I wont have to do
them again.
Prohibition
MUSTNT You mustnt smoke.
(NO DEBER, NO TENER QUE)
Advice You should eat more vegetables and fruit to

SHOULD/SHOULDNT lose weight.
(DEBERA / NO DEBERA) You shouldnt go out tonight when you are ill.
Hes got a very expensive car. He must
be rich.
They go to the cinema every week.
De mayor a menor grado de They must love films.
probabilidad: She hasnt got any books. She cant
Possibility
MUST MAY MIGHT enjoy reading.
(PROBABILIDAD) Hes never won a race. He cant be very
CANT
fast.
90% 50% 40% Her name is Mara. She may / might be
Spanish or South-American.
Los verbos modales no utilizan auxiliares para formar oraciones negativas y preguntas,
excepto la forma HAVE TO*
Can I go to the toilet, please?
You can go to the toilet when you are at home.
You cant go to the toilet during the lesson.
Vocabulary
1 Write the words below the correct pictures:
runny nose cough sore throat broken foot stomach ache rash
1. 2. 3.
4. 5. 6.
2 The words in bold are in the wrong sentences. Write them next to the correct
sentences:
a) His injection isnt very healthy.
b) He was given a painful pill in his arm.
c) You must take one pain twice a day.
d) He has got a headache. The lifestyle in his head is very bad.
Grammar
3 Complete the sentences. Use a modal below:

doesnt have to mustnt cant could should must might
a) Hes having trouble breathing. We call a doctor right away.
b) Hes got a stomach ache. Perhaps he stay home today.
c) Im busy. I call you later?
d) Hes allergic to nuts. He eat them or hell have a bad reaction.
e) My hand is swollen. I write.
f) Im not sure whats the matter with Andy. He have the flu.
g) His arm isnt broken. He go to hospital.

4 The modals in bold are in the wrong sentences. Write them next to the correct
sentences:
a) You might not talk a lot today. Youve got a sore throat.
b) You shouldnt read the instructions before you take these tablets.

c) We might go to school today because its a holiday.
d) People dont have to drive and talk on their mobile phones. Its dangerous.

e) I mustnt go to the party tomorrow. If I do, Ill call you.
f) It must rain tomorrow, but its a good idea to take an umbrella.
5 Complete the sentences for each of the signs below. Use modals:
a) You feed the animals.
b) You park here.
c) It rain tomorrow.
d) You wear a seatbelt.
e) You take a jacket.

Vocabulary
6 Choose the correct answer. Pay attention to the words in italics:

a) Im going to hire a personal trainer to help me study for the exam / train for the
marathon.
b) You will put on weight if you eat too much / exercise every day.
c) Stretching is good for your muscles / weight.
d) John should relax. He sleeps / works all the time.
e) I hope to get in shape before the exam / race.
f) I work out at the new supermarket / sports club in my neighbourhood.
7 Complete the sentences to show that you have understood the meaning of the
words in bold:
a) People go to the gym to ....................................................................................................... .
b) You should .................................................................................................... to lose weight.
c) You will get fit if you ............................................................................................................. .
d) People change their lifestyle when they .............................................................................. .
e) If you achieve your goals, you will feel ............................................................................... .
Grammar
Dear Mary,
Im so sorry, but I 1 must / cant meet you tomorrow. I have got a runny nose and I 2
cant / dont have to breathe so I 3 have to / can go to the doctor. He 4 must / may
tell me that I 5 should / mustnt take some medicine and stay in bed. He 6 has to /
might also tell me that I 7 should / can stay away from other people because they 8
have to / might catch my illness.
Anyway, Ill call you next week when Im feeling better. I have so much to tell you.
Speak soon,
Amy

9 Complete the sentences so they are true for you:
a) When Im older, I might ......................................................................................................... .
b) At our school, the students have to ...................................................................................... .
c) People my age cant ............................................................................................................. .
d) Im lucky because I can ........................................................................................................ .
e) This year at school, I dont have to ....................................................................................... .
f) There was a time when I couldnt ......................................................................................... .
g) Tomorrow, I might not ........................................................................................................... .
h) I think my best friend should ................................................................................................. .
10 What would you say in the following situations? Use a suitable modal in each
sentence:
a) You ask your teacher permission to leave the room.
................................................................................................................................................
b) You tell your friend that you need to leave the party or you will miss the bus home.
................................................................................................................................................
c) Your sister asks permission to use your camera and you agree.
................................................................................................................................................
d) Your sister is playing her music very loudly and it is bothering you.
................................................................................................................................................
e) You think your best friend is too thin.
................................................................................................................................................
f) You are invited to a swimming party, but you dont know how to swim.
................................................................................................................................................

Reading
11 The words below appear in the text in Exercise 12. Find the words and guess
their meanings in your own language. Use a dictionary to check your guesses:
a) lifts c) spread
b) air conditioning d) fireproof
CLIMB THOSE STAIRS!

According to fitness experts, climbing stairs is a good way to work out, because you
dont need to climb for a long time to see positive results. At the gym, step machines
are very popular, but in many buildings where people work and live, the stairs are not
used. Instead, people use lifts to move from one floor to the next.
According to researchers, people dont use the stairs in buildings because they are
often not convenient. First of all, stairs are often in areas that are hard to find. In
addition, the lighting is not bright and there is no air conditioning there. Most
importantly, people generally think of stairs as a way to leave a building when there is
a fire, because that is what people are supposed to do. Not surprisingly, the stairs are
designed for this possibility. Stairs are usually found behind very heavy doors, which
people must shut behind them during a fire. The stairs are also not covered with
carpets, so that a fire will not spread quickly.
The researchers believe that designers need to design stairs in a way that will
motivate people to use them but still be safe during emergencies. They also
recommend that employers begin to make improvements to stairs in older buildings.
They can add fireproof carpets to the stairs, paint walls in lovely colours, put up
artwork and even play music in and around the stairs. In this way, people will be more
likely to use the stairs.
Most buildings where people live and work havent got a gym, but using the stairs is a
cheap and simple way that could help people to get in shape in the place where they
spend a lot of their time.
a) Why is stair climbing a good choice to keep fit?

.....................................................................................................................................................
b) Why is it often not convenient to use stairs in a building?
.....................................................................................................................................................
c) How can employers make improvements in older office buildings?
.....................................................................................................................................................
13 Complete the sentences according to the text using suitable modals:

a) In most buildings, people reach the stairs very easily.
b) People use the stairs when there is a fire, but they

use the lift.
c) Researchers believe that designers just focus on the safety
features of
the stairs in new buildings.

d) Researchers believe that employers improve the stairs in old
buildings.
Writing
14 Write a letter to your headmaster and suggest ways that he / she could help
raise the fitness levels of the students at the school:
COMPOSITION 1
REFERENCING
15 Write pronouns or possessive adjectives to replace the nouns in CAPITAL

LETTERS:
Sharon went to Dr Dave Milestones clinic. 1) DR MILESTONE examined 2)
SHARONs leg. Then 3) DR MILESTONE gave 4) SHARON treatment. 5)
SHARON asked 6) DR MILESTONE many questions and 7) DR MILESTONE
answered 8) THE QUESTIONS. 9)SHARON thanked 10) DR MILESTONE for 11)
DR MILESTONES patience.
1) 2) 3)
4) 5) 6)
7) 8) 9)
10) 11)
16 Read the text and write the nouns that the pronouns and possessive adjective in
bold refer to:
Hal was in the emergency room yesterday. 1) IT was very crowded. Has was there
because he had hurt 2) HIS arm while he was playing basketball and 3) IT was very
swollen. When he finally saw a doctor, 4) SHE told 5) HIM it was broken.
1) 2) 3)
4) 5)

17 Improve the sentences by using pronouns or possessive adjectives to replace
the nouns in CAPITAL LETTERS:
a) Jim has got a broken foot. I saw JIM in the emergency room.

b) Many people are excited about the exercise pill but not everyone believes THE
EXERCISE PILL is safe.

c) Diabetics take insulin to reduce DIABETICS blood sugar.

d) We met our new neighbours yesterday. OUR NEW NEIGHBOURS are both
personal trainers.

e) I suffer from allergies so I take pills to help me cope with MY ALLERGIES.

18 Look at the chart about an important medical discovery - the POLIO

VACCINATION:
- NAME OF DISCOVERY: polio vaccination

- WHO DISCOVERED IT: Jonas Salk, medical researcher
- WHEN IT WAS DISCOVERED: 1952
- HOW IT WORKS: The body is injected with the virus, so it can fight illness
- WHY THE DISCOVERY IS IMPORTANT: Polio caused death and paralysis in many
people. Vaccination helps prevent polio
- THE DANGERS OF USING IT: allergic reaction
19 Write an informative essay about the POLIO VACCINATION. Use the information
in the chart and organize your ideas into paragraphs. Here you have got some tips:
PARAGRAPH 1 (Introduce the discovery. Write what it is and why it is important)
PARAGRAPH 2 (Give facts and information about the discovery)
X was/were discovered in by
PARAGRAPH 3 (Sum up and repeat the main ideas)
X is/are used today to / is/are one of the most
COMPOSITION 2

20 Look at the chart about SPINNING BIKES:
- NAME OF DISCOVERY: spinning bikes

- WHO DISCOVERED IT: Jonathan Goldberg
- WHEN IT WAS DISCOVERED: 1987
- HOW IT WORKS: sit in a frame, dont go anywhere
- WHY THE DISCOVERY IS IMPORTANT: to stay in shape all year
21 Write an informative essay about SPINNING BIKES. Use the information in the
chart and organize your ideas into paragraphs. Here you have got some tips:
PARAGRAPH 1 (Introduce the discovery. Write what it is and why it is important)
PARAGRAPH 2 (Give facts and information about the discovery)
X was/were discovered in by
PARAGRAPH 3 (Sum up and repeat the main ideas)
X is/are used today to / is/are one of the most / is/are a great way to
COMPOSITION 3
IES Cannigo Manchn English Department Workbook 4ESO

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The United Kingdom The United States of America Ireland

Canada Australia New Zealand

IES Cannigo Manchn English Department Workbook 4ESO 1

IES Cannigo Manchn English Department Workbook 4ESO 2

What year are you in at school?

How do you feel about school?

Have you got any interesting hobbies?

Whats your favourite sport?

What type of person are you?

Can you tell me something else about

Whats this word in English?

How do you pronounce ?

How much time have we got?

What page is it on?

Can you explain this, please?

Can you repeat that, please?

Can I borrow your , please?

When is the project / this homework due?

What time is break?

INTRODUCTION UNIT Grammar Notes

IES Cannigo Manchn English Department Workbook 4ESO 3

Spelling changes: when the verb finishes in

IES Cannigo Manchn English Department Workbook 4ESO 4

Affirmative Form: Interrogative Form:

Negative Form: Short answers:

Spelling changes: when the verb finishes in

ADVERBS: Short answers:

IES Cannigo Manchn English Department Workbook 4ESO 5

PRESENT CONTINUOUS BE GOING TO DO STH. SIMPLE FUTURE

DETERMINERS AND QUANTIFIERS

a few pocos, as a little poco, a

many + n. plural (-, ?) much + n. incontable (-, ?) mucho, a

enough + n. plural suficientes enough + n. incontable suficiente

IES Cannigo Manchn English Department Workbook 4ESO 6

(NOT) AS + adjective + AS (tan como)

IES Cannigo Manchn English Department Workbook 4ESO 7

1 Complete the chart with the words below:

2 Complete the words below:

3 Choose the correct answer:

IES Cannigo Manchn English Department Workbook 4ESO 8

IES Cannigo Manchn English Department Workbook 4ESO 9

6 Choose the correct answer:

Christopher Columbus 1 (sail) across the Atlantic Ocean in 1492.

IES Cannigo Manchn English Department Workbook 4ESO 10

9 Choose the correct answer:

11 Complete the sentences with the words below:

IES Cannigo Manchn English Department Workbook 4ESO 11

13 Answer the questions:

IES Cannigo Manchn English Department Workbook 4ESO 12

a) beautiful / week / a / coat / Susan / last / red / bought /.

IES Cannigo Manchn English Department Workbook 4ESO 13

Do you want single or return tickets?

What time does it leave / arrive?

How long does it take to get there?

How often does the train leave?

Would you like first or standard class?

What time would you like to leave / get

How many tickets do you want?

Which platform does it leave from?

IES Cannigo Manchn English Department Workbook 4ESO 14

UNIT 1 Grammar Notes

IES Cannigo Manchn English Department Workbook 4ESO 15

ADVERBS: hay diferentes posiciones en la frase

PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE PAST