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RELATIONS 32
2.3. Relations
1
a
b
c 2
d 3
4
A B
1 8
2
4
6 3
9
5
7
Examples:
1. Reflexive: a = a 1 ⇒ a|a.
2. Antisymmetric: a|b ⇒ b = at for some t and b|a ⇒ a = bt0 for
some t0 . Hence a = att0 , which implies tt0 = 1 ⇒ t0 = t−1 . The
only invertible positive integer is 1, so t = t0 = 1 ⇒ a = b.
3. Transitive: a|b and b|c implies b = at for some t and c = bt0 for
some t0 , hence c = att0 , i.e., a|c.
8
9
6
4
5 7
2 3
1. Ai ∩ Aj = ∅ for i 6= j,
S
2. n An = A.