Resource and Development

VIII NCERT (New)

1. The factors affecting location of Industries are the availability of land, raw materials, water, labour,
power, transport and market. Consider the following statements.
freeupscmaterials.org

1. Government provides incentives like cheap power or transportation for developing industries in
backward areas.
2. Major Industrial Regions of the world are located in tropical regions, near sea ports and especially
near coal fields.
Which of these is/are not correct?
a) 1 only b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2 d) Neither 1 nor 2
ans. B
Industrial regions tend to be more in temperate regions.

2. Being Bangalored means...

a) An IT Industry company with headquarters in Bangalore.
b) A person who loses overseas job in it and has to return to Bangalore.
c) A business process which is outsourced to countries like India.
d) Losing a job in US due to outsourcing to Bangalore.
ans. D

3. Match the following shifting cultivation with regions where they are known so.
List-I List-II
1. Jhum A. Mexico
2. Milpa B. Brazil
3. Roca C. Malaysia
4. Ladang D. India
Code:
1 2 3 4
a) D C A B
b) A D C B
c) D A B C
d) A C B D
ans. C

4. Different types of agricultural practices suits different purposes. Which of the following statements
are correct about the farming methods.
1. Intensive subsistence farming includes single cropping in the same year.
2. Nomadic herding is practiced in arid and semi arid regions of India.
3. Commercial grain farming is mostly practiced in temperate grasslands.
Code:
a) 1 only b) 1 and 3 only
c) 2 and 3 only d) 2 only
ans. C
Intensive subsistence farming includes multiple cropping in the same year.

www.freeupscmaterials.org
 5. Match the following:
List-I
1. Open Cast Mining
2. Shaft mining
freeupscmaterials.org

3. Drilling
4. Quarrying
List-II
A. Deep bores to reach minerals at great depth.
B. Digging out of minerals near the surface
C. Minerals at shallow depth taken out by removing the surface layer.
D. Boring deep wells to take out minerals from far below the earth crust.
Code:
1 2 3 4
a) B A C D
b) C B A D
c) B A D C
d) C A D B
ans. D

6. In the wake of possible exhaustion of fossil fuels we are thinking of alternative sources of energy.
Consider the following statements in this regard.
1. Most of the non-conventional sources of energy are cost efficient.
2. Tidal energy production poses serious threat to habitat of wildlife.
3. Wind energy production affects radio and TV reception.
4. Biogas production deccelerates green house effect.
Which of these is/are correct?
a) 1 and 3 only b) 2 and 3 only
c) 1 and 4 only d) 2 and 4 only
ans. B
Most of the non-conventional sources of energy are too expensive to be cost efficient
Biogas production accelerates green house effect.

7. Which of the following explains the importance of shelter belts?

a) Shelter belts are flat steps made on the steep slopes
b) Shelter belts are rows of trees planted in coastal or dry regions to check wind movement to
protect soil cover.
c) Shelter belts are water harvesting structures in dry areas.
d) Shelter belts are rows of trees planted to protect the soil from rain wash.
ans. B

8. Energy generated from tides is called tidal energy. Consider the following statements about tidal
energy and choose the correct ones:
1. Tidal energy can be best harnessed in the deltas.
2. Russia, France and Gulf of Kachchh in India have tidal farms
Code:
a) 1 only b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2 d) Neither 1 nor 2
ans. B

www.freeupscmaterials.org
 Tidal energy can be harnessed by building dams on narrow openings to the sea like estuaries

9. Which of the following best suits the definition of Horticulture?

a) Growing vegetables and flowers only
freeupscmaterials.org

b) Growing vegetables and flowers for subsistence only

c) Growing vegetables, flowers and fruits for commercial use.
d) Cultivation of grapes.
ans. C

10. Which of the following statements is/are correct about Smelting?

a) Smelting is the process in which metals are extracted from their ores by cooling below the boiling
point.
b) Smelting is the process in which metals are extracted from their ores by heating beyond the
melting point.
c) Smelting is the process of producing refined goods.
d) Smelting is the major process used in Nuclear Reactors.
ans. B

11. Identify the correct statement regarding Land Resource and Land use pattern.
1. 30% of the land area on the earths surface is either sparsely populated or uninhabited.
2. Plains and river valleys are densely populated areas of the world.
3. India has worlds highest percentage under cropland of its total land use.
4. Increase in vegetation cover reduces the chance of Landslide occurrence.
Code:
a) 2 and 3 only b) 1, 3 and 4 only
c) 1 and 4 only d) 2, 3 and 4 only
ans. D
70% of the land is either sparsely populated or uninhabited.
90% of the world population occupies only 30% of the land area.

12. Match the following:

A. Volcano 1. Soil conservation
B. Overgrazing 2. Soil formation
C. Mulching 3. Landslide
D. Weathering 4. Soil erosion
Code:
A B C D
a) 2 4 3 1
b) 3 4 1 2
c) 3 4 2 1
d) 1 4 3 2
ANS. B
Landslides often take place in conjunction with earthquake, volcano and floods.
Mulching is a method of soil conservation in which bare ground between plants is
covered with organic matter like straw, which helps to retain moisture.
Weathering is a process of soil formation.

www.freeupscmaterials.org
 13. Which of the following fresh water reserve is available and fit for human consumption?
1. Glaciers
2. Ice-sheets
3. Water in rivers and lake
freeupscmaterials.org

4. Water vapour
5. Ground water
Code:
a) 1, 2 and 5 only b) 1, 2, 3 and 5 only
c) 1, 3 and 5 only d) 3, 4 and 5 only
ans. D
Fresh water accounts only for about 2.7%.
Nearly 70% of this occur as ice sheets and glaciers in Antarctica, Greenland ,and
mountain region.
Only 1% of freshwater is available and fit for human use. It is found as surface water in
rivers and lakes, Ground water and water vapour in Atmosphere.

14. The growth of vegetation primarily depend on temperature and moisture. Identify the incorrect
sentence/s in this regard:
1. As the amount of moisture increases, the size of trees and their density decreases.
2. Temperate Grasslands of the world are located in the region receiving very high rainfall.
3. The vegetation of dry areas have leaves with thorny and waxy surface which reduces the loss of
moisture through evaporation.
4. Deciduous forest do not shed their leaves simultaneously in any season of the year.
Code:
a) 1 and 2 only b) 2 and 4 only
c) 2 and 3 only d) None of the above
ans. A
As the moisture increases, size and density of forest increases.
Temperate Grasslands are located in regions of moderate rainfall.
Deciduous forest shed their leaves in a particular season to conserve loss of moisture due
to transpiration.

15. A naturally occurring substance that has definite chemical composition is a mineral. Choose the
correct statement/s regarding minerals
1. Iron ore, bauxite, manganese ore and mica are examples of metallic minerals.
2. Metallic minerals are always ferrous.
3. Minerals that lie at shallow depths are taken out by removing the surface layer by the process
called shaft mining.
4. A rock is an aggregate of one or more minerals with definite composition of constituent minerals.
Code:
a) 1, 3 and 4 only b) 1, 2 and 3 only
c) All the above d) None of the above
ans. D
Mica isnon- metallic mineral.
Metallic minerals may be ferrous or non-ferrous.
This process is called open cast mining.
Without definite composition.

www.freeupscmaterials.org
 16. Which of the statement/s is/are incorrect regarding distribution of important minerals across the
continents?
1. Australia produces more than half of the worlds tin.
2. Asia is the leading producer of iron-ore in the world.
3. Africa is the largest producer of diamond, gold and platinum in the world.
freeupscmaterials.org

4. South America is the largest producer of bauxite in the world.

Code:
a) 1, 2 and 4 only b) 3 and 4 only
c) 2 and 3 only d) All the above
ans. A
Asia produces more than half of the worlds tin.
Europe is the leading producer of iron-ore in the world.
Australia is the largest producer of bauxite in the world.

17. Which of the given statement/s is/are NOT correct?

1. India has a deposit of low grade iron ore.
2. India is largest producer and exporter of mica.
3. Hutti mines in Maharashtra has deposits of gold in India.
4. India is one of the worlds leading producers and exporter of salt.
Code:
a) 1 and 2 only b) 1 and 3 only
c) 2 and 3 only d) 1, 3 and 4 only
ans. B
India has high grade iron ore deposits.
Hutti mines is in Karnataka.

18. Which of the following countries has smallest reserve of BLACK GOLD?
a) Saudi Arabia b) Iran
c) India d) South Africa
ans. D
Black gold is a name given to petroleum and its derivatives.

19. Which of the regions in India does not produce Natural gas?
a) Krishna Godavari delta
b) Jaisalmer in Rajasthan
c) Digboi in Assam
d) b and c both
ans. C
It is known for petroleum

20. Following pair represent the sites of Nuclear power plants and corresponding states in India.
1. Kalpakkam Tamil Nadu
2. Tarapur Karnataka
3. Narora Maharashtra
4. Kaiga Uttar Pradesh
Which of the above pair is/are not correctly matched?
a) 2 and 3 only b) 1 and 4 only
c) 1, 2 and 3 only d) 2, 3 and 4 only
ans. D
Tarapur-Maharashtra

www.freeupscmaterials.org
 Narora-UP
Kaiga-Karnataka

21. Which of the following factor/s favours the practice of commercial farming in the temperate
grassland regions of North America, Europe and Asia?
freeupscmaterials.org

1. These areas are densely populated.

2. These areas have large farms spreading over hundreds of hectares.
3. Multiple cropping seasons due to moderate climatic conditions.
Code:
a) 1 and 2 only b) 1 and 3 only
c) 2 only d) 3 only
ans. C
These areas are sparsely populated.
Severe winters restrict the growing season and only a single crop can be grown.

22. Which of the following statements is/are correct regarding major crops in the world?
1. India is the second largest producer of rice after China.
2. India and Bangladesh are the leading producers of Jute.
3. Brazil is the leading producer of coffee followed by Columbia and India.
Code:
a) 1 and 2 only b) 1 and 3 only
c) 2 and 3 only d) All the above
ans. D
.

23. Which of the statements is/are correct about Iron and Steel Industry?
1. All the important steel producing centres of India are spread in 4 states namely-West Bengal,
Jharkhand, Maharashtra and Odisha.
2. TISCO which was set up after Independence is a public sector company.
3. Pittsburgh is an important steel city of Canada.
Code:
a) 1 and 2 only b) 2 and 3 only
c) All the above d) None of the above
ans. D
It is Chhattisgarh in place of Maharashtra.
TISCO was set up before independence in 1907 and it is a private company.
Pittsburgh is in USA.

24. Which of the statements is/are correct?

1. The first successful mechanized textile mill was established in Ahmadabad in 1854.
2. Ahmadabad is known as Manchester of India.
3. Osaka is known as Manchester of Japan whose Textile industry depends completely upon
imported raw material.
4. About one third of the Indian textile industrys total production is exported.
Code:
a) 1 only b) 1 and 3 only
c) 2, 3 and 4 only d) 1, 2 and 3 only
ans. C

www.freeupscmaterials.org
 First successful mill was set up in Mumbai.

25. Which are the three main factors that cause population change?
a) Births, Deaths and marriage
freeupscmaterials.org

b) Births, Deaths and migration

c) Births, Deaths and life expectancy
d) Births. Deaths and Sex ratio
ans. B

26. Sustainable Development is defined as the type of development that meets the needs of the present
generations without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Consider
the following in the context of Sustainable Development.
1. Caring all forms of life.
2. Conserving the earths vitality.
3. Empowering the Communities.
4. Minimize the depletion of natural resources.
Which of the above are the principles of Sustainable Development?
a) 1 and 4 only b) 1, 2 and 3 only
c) 2, 3 and 4 only d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
ans. D
The major Principles of Sustainable Development include, Respect and care for all forms
of life, Conserve the earths vitality and diversity, improve the quality of human life,
Minimize the depletion of natural resources, Change personal attitude and practices
toward the environment and enabling communities to care for their own environment.

27. Nuclear energy is dependent on the availability of naturally occurring radioactive elements like
uranium and thorium. Consider the following statements in this context:
1. In India, Rajasthan and Jharkhand have large deposits of Thorium.
2. Uranium is found in large quantities in the Monazite sands of Kerala.
Which of the above statement(s) is/are correct?
a) 1 only b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2 d) Neither 1 nor 2
ans. D
In India Rajasthan and Jharkhand have large deposits of Uranium.
Thorium is found in large quantities in the Monazite sands of Kerala.

28. The organic waste is decomposed by bacteria in bio-gas digesters to emit biogas, which is essentially
a mixture of?
a) Methane and Ethane
b) Methane and Oxygen
c) Methane and Hydrogen.
d) Methane and Carbon Dioxide
ans. D
The organic waste is decomposed by bacteria in biogas digesters to emit biogas is a
mixture of Methane and Carbon Dioxide.

www.freeupscmaterials.org
 29. Consider the following statements:
1. The dark soils of the Deccan plateau in Maharashtra is an example of Actual Resource.
2. The uranium found in Ladakh is an example of potential resource.
3. High speed winds are an example of Potential resource.
freeupscmaterials.org

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

a) 1 and 2 only b) 2 and 3 only
c) 1 and 3 only d) All the above
ans. A
High speed winds were a potential energy two hundred years ago. Now it is an actual
resource.

30. Resources can be categorised with various categories based on several factors. Consider the following
statements in this regard.
1. Soils, rocks, minerals, plants are an example of abiotic resource
2. Resources that are found everywhere like the air we breathe is an example of localised resource
3. Non-renewable resources once exhausted may take thousands of years to be replenished
Which among the above statements is/are correct?
a) 2 and 3 only b) 1 and 3 only
c) 3 only d) All the above
ans. C
Plant is a biotic resource.
Resources found everywhere is called ubiquitous resource.

31. The thin layer of grainy substance covering the surface of the earth is called soil. Consider the
following statements about soil formation
1. Parent rock determines the colour, texture, chemical properties and mineral content of the soil
2. Sub-soil below the top layer is rich in humus content
3. Temperature and rainfall play a crucial role in determining rate of weathering and humus
formation
Which among the above statements is/are correct?
a) 1 only b) 1 and 2 only
c) 1 and 3 only d) All the above
ans. C
Top layer is rich in humus.

32. A narrow zone of contact between lithosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere where natural vegetation
and wildlife exist called
a) Ecosystem b) Ecology
c) Biosphere d) None
ans. C

33. Consider the following statements:

1. Deciduous forests shed their leaves in a particular season to conserve loss of moisture through
transpiration
2. Evergreen forests never shed their leaves so they appear evergreen throughout the year

www.freeupscmaterials.org
 Which any the above statements is/are correct?
a) 1 only b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2 d) Neither 1 nor 2
ans. A
Evergreen forests do not shed their leaves simultaneously in any season of the year.
freeupscmaterials.org

34. Consider the following statements:

1. CITES is an international agreement between governments
2. It aims to conserve the species that are threatened or declared endangered under IUCN
Which any the above statements is/are not correct?
a) 1 only b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2 d) Neither 1 nor 2
ans. B
It aims to ensure that international trade is specimens of wild animals and plants does not
threaten their survival.

35. Consider the following statements about various non-conventional sources of energy
1. The site of the worlds first solar and wind powered bus shelter is in Scotland
2. In India, geothermal plants are located in Manikaran in Uttrakhand and Puga valley in Ladakh
Which any the above statements is/are correct?
a) 1 only b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2 d) Neither 1 nor 2
ans. A
Manikaran is in Himachal Pradesh.

36. Which of the following statements is/are not correct about minerals?
a) They are created by natural processes
b) They have a definite chemical composition
c) They are inexhaustible
d) Their distribution is uneven
ans. C

37. Which of the following is/are an example of Plantation Crop?

1. Cashew
2. Coffee
3. Sugarcane
4. Banana
5. Cotton
Code:
a) 2, 3 and 4 only
b) 1, 2, 3 and 4 only
c) 2, 3, 4 and 5 only
d) All the above
ans. D

www.freeupscmaterials.org
 38. Consider the following statements about Wheat?
1. Wheat requires moderate temperature and rainfall during growing season and bright sunshine at
the time of harvest
2. It thrives in well drained loamy soil
freeupscmaterials.org

3. In India it is grown in summer

Which of the above statements is/are correct?
a) 1 and 2 only b) 1 and 3 only
c) 2 and 3 only d) All the above
ans. A
In India it is grown in winter.

39. Consider the following statements:

1. Millets can be grown on less fertile and sandy soils
2. Maize requires high temperature and high rainfall
3. Cotton grows well in black and alluvial soil
Which any the above statements is/are correct?
a) 1 only b) 1 and 2 only
c) 2 and 3 only d) 1 and 3 only
ans. D
Maize requires moderate temperature, rainfall and lots of sunshine.

40. Vultures in the Indian subcontinent are disappearing very fast. Which of the following reasons can be
attributed to this
a) Killed by farmers and poachers
b) Dwindling of prey on which they survive
c) Dying due to kidney failure shortly after scavenging livestock treated with diclofenac
d) All of the above
ans. C

www.freeupscmaterials.org