BACHELOR THESIS PROPOSAL

ME141502

Design of an Optimum Battery Electric Fishing Vessel for Natuna Sea

Proposed by:
Name : Rivaldi Clarence Tjoa
NRP : 4214 101 010

Supervisor Candidate:
Name : Dr. Eddy Setyo Koenhardono, S.T., M.Sc.
NIP : 1968 0701 1995 12 1001

DOUBLE DEGREE PROGRAM OF

MARINE ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI SEPULUH NOPEMBER
SURABAYA
2017
TITLE

Design of an Optimum Battery Electric Fishing Vessel for Natuna Sea

SUMMARY

Natuna Sea is one of the places in Indonesia which has a high potency of the fish. The potency
of catching fish in Natuna Sea nearly reach one million ton per year. The weather condition in
Natuna Sea is categorized as Slight Sea by BMKG, which is become a safe area to fish even
for small ship. Natuna Sea is surround by islands, which majority of the people is a fisherman.

Life of Fisherman is rely on the price and the availability of fuel oil as the main energy of their
boat. Either for main engine or generator to produce electricity. As today, the price of fuel is
not being subsided again by the government and the availability also getting rare, the fisherman
activities got involved and their revenue is getting lower each day. Therefore, a fishing boat
without using any fuel is needed to help the life of fisherman in Indonesia especially in Natuna
Island.

This thesis purposes is to design an optimum battery electric fishing vessel for people surround
Natuna Sea especially for Natuna Island. The idea is to increase the prosperity of the fisherman
on Natuna Sea and also to develop the Natuna Sea into the modern and environmental friendly
fishing ground, which has power station on the sea to produce electricity by using natural
energy such as wind, solar panel and sea wave. The power station on the sea can also become
the patrol tower in Natuna to prevent the illegal fishing in Natuna Sea. But the focus in this
thesis is to determine or design the optimum battery electric fishing vessel for the fisherman in
Natuna Sea.

There are two important point in this thesis. Fisrt is the location and amount of the power station
on the sea, because it will determine the voyage distance of the fishing operation that lead into
design an optimum battery electric fishing vessel. Second is the amount of the ice requirement
to chill the fish, because it will determine the time for the fishing vessel to keep the fish fresh
until it reach the cold storage on the land.
 CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND

Natuna Sea is one of the places in Indonesia which has a high potency of the fish. The
potency of catching fish in Natuna Sea nearly reach one million ton per year. There are
three fishes with the high potency in Natuna which are, Pelagis kecil fish with potency
of 621.500 ton per year, Demersal fish with potency of 334.800 ton per year, and Pelagis
besar fish with potency of 66.100 ton per year.

Figure 1.1-1. Fish potency in Natuna Sea (2016)

Source: Databoks, Katadata Indonesia, 2016

The weather condition of the Natuna Sea based on the BMKG is categorized as Slight
Sea where the wave height in Natuna Sea never get higher than 1,25 meter. The average
of the wave height in Natuna Sea is about 0,5 meter and the range of the wind speed is
from 6 knots up to 20 knots. It makes sea around Natuna Island is a safe place for the
fisherman to catch fish on there.

Natuna Sea is being surrounded by islands which majority of the people are working as
a fisherman. Natuna Island is one of the island that located in the north of Natuna Sea. In
2015, there are 7.066 family of fisherman from around 20.401 total family in Natuna
Island. Which means almost 35% of the people in Natuna Island is depend on the
outcome of the fisherman.

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 Figure 1.1-2. Map of Natuna Sea
Source: BMKG, 2017

Life of Fisherman is rely on the price and the availability of fuel oil as the main energy
of their boat. Either for main engine or generator to produce electricity. As today, the
price of fuel is not being subsided again by the government and the availability also
getting rare in the future, the fisherman activities got involved and their revenue is getting
lower each day. Therefore, a fishing boat without using any fuel is needed to help the life
of fisherman in Indonesia especially in Natuna Island.

A Fishing boat or Fishing vessel that using rechargeable batteries as the source of power
onboard is one of the answer to deny the using of fuel oil on the fishing vessel. So the
idea is, the batteries can be recharge or switch when the fisherman is on the power station
where the power station location can be located either on the sea or on the land or both
on the sea and on the land.

Considering the weight and the price of the batteries used on the ship is getting heavy
and expensive if the size of the batteries is getting larger, then there must be a power
station located in the sea to reduce the capacity of batteries. So the power station will be
located on the land and also on the sea, but the most important is the location and amount
of the power station on the sea, because it will influence the decision to design the
optimum battery electric fishing vessel in the term of voyage distance.

There are many way to put the power stations location on the Natuna Sea. So in this
thesis, the location and amount of the power station will be planned into two plan which
can be seen on the figure 1.1-3 and figure 1.1-4 below.

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 Figure 1.1-3. Plan A of the power station's Figure 1.1-4. Plan B of the power station's
location location

The power station wont be the topic of this thesis, but the calculation of battery capacity
of the fishing vessel. The fishing vessel itself is use the existed fishing vessel design and
will be redesign the propulsion system into electrical propulsion.

1.2 STATEMENTS OF PROBLEMS

Based on the description above, the statement of problem of this thesis are:

1. How to design an optimum battery electric fishing vessel for Natuna Sea?

1.3 RESEARCH LIMITATIONS

The limitations of this thesis are:

1. This thesis is focusing on determine the optimum battery capacity of fishing vessel in area
of Natuna Sea that will have size of the ship greater than equal to 30 GT.
2. The voyage distance calculation is based on the distance from the land into the power station.
3. The location of the power station in the sea is limited in Natuna Sea area that almost has the
same distance into the surrounding island.
4. The amount of the power station in the sea is limited up to three.
5. The system and the capacity of the power station is not discussed on this thesis and will be
assumed that will enough to cover the electrical needed.

1.4 RESEARCH OBJECTIVES

The objectives of this thesis are:

1. To design an optimum battery electrical fishing vessel for Natuna Sea.

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1.5 RESEARCH BENEFITS

The benefits of this thesis are:

1. Make suggestion to Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries to develop electrical fishing
vessel in Natuna area.
2. Reduce the illegal fishing in Natuna area.
3. Improve the prosperity of fisherman on Natuna.
4. Improve the export of Indonesia fish product.

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 CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 FISHING VESSEL

A fishing vessel is a mobile floating objects of any kind and size, operating in fresh water,
brackish water, and marine waters which are used for catching, harvesting, searching,
transporting, landing, preserving and/or processing fish, shellfish and other aquatic organisms,
residues and plants (FAO, 2017).

In fishing vessel, there are equipment that must installed like cranes, seine boom, picking boom,
pot launchers, anchor and winch, etc. Beside, In cargo space also must installed a refrigerant
system to chilled or to keep the freshness of the fish, but mostly for small fishing vessel (less than
25 m) it replaced by ice. The amount of ice will affect the endurance of the fish to keep the
freshness.

2.1.1 ENDURANCE OF FISH

Most of the fish caught on the open sea by the fisherman, but all selling activities happened
in the land, so it means the fisherman need to keep the freshness of the fish until it arrive on
the land. All species of fish can stay fresh for longer periods if only it chilled properly.

Chilling means to keep the temperature of the fishes below the temperature of melted ice,
0oC. To provide chilling, most common it will use ice, but it can also use chilled water, ice
slurries, and refrigerated seawater (RSW). The use of ice for chilled the fish is the effective
handling method on board fishing vessel because ice is available in many fishing areas or
ports, harmless, and transportable, also it has a very high cooling capacity.

There are three main factors that affect the rate of endurance of the chilled fish:
Temperature
The lower the temperature the longer the endurance of fish.
Physical Damage
The soft and careful handling can keep the endurance of the fish longer
Intrinsic Factors
These factors is depend on the fish. The fish which has flat shape, large size, small
fat content, and thick skin will have the longer endurance.

2.1.2 ICE REQUIREMENT

In chilling the fish, it needs some amount of ice. In figure 2.1 below shows the weight of
ice necessary to cool 10 kg of fish to 0oC from various ambient temperatures.

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 Figure 2.1-1. Theoretical weight of ice needed to chill 10 kg of fish to 0oC from various ambient temperature
Source: FAO, 1984

Besides that, we can also use the graph provide by FAO that can be seen in figure 2.2 below.

Figure 2.1-2. Graph for quick calculation of the theoretical weight of ice needed to chill 1 kg of fresh fish to 0 oC
from various initial temperatures
Source: FAO, 1981

Those are only the amount of ice need to chill down the temperature into 0oC, so it needs
more ice to ensure that the fish remains chilled once its temperature has been reduced to
0oC. The rule of thumb minimum to use an ice to fish ratio of 1:1 in the tropics, but it also
depend on the length of the fishing trip.

To calculate the ice required to chill the fish and maintain the temperature in certain time, it
is need to calculate some loss factor such as heat losses, bad handling, and water in
equilibrium in ice. Those loss factor can be estimated depend on the insulated container
used. In Table 2.2 below describe the ice requirements in total for chilling 40 kg fresh fish
in a 90 liters insulated container.

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 Figure 2.1-3. Summary of ice requirements for chilling fresh fish in a 90 liters insulated container
Source: FAO, 2003

2.2 ELECTRICAL PROPULSION SYSTEM

A propulsion system is a machine that produce thrust to push an object forward, while electrical
propulsion system means the machine use to produce thrust is consuming the electrical power
such as electric motor couple with propeller that produce thrust and consumed electrical power.
The electrical power on the ship can produced by generators or can be stored on the batteries.
Mostly, generators is used to provide the electrical power on the ship and sometimes generators
and batteries are provided on the ship, but it can also only batteries that provided on the ship,
depends on the requirements.

Electric Electric
Propeller
Motor Sources
Figure 2.2-1. Electrical Propulsion schematik in general

2.2.1 GENERATOR

Generator is kind of device which is used to converting mechanical energy (rotation) into
electrical energy. Mechanical energy can come from a lot of source, but mostly in the ship,
it will come from diesel engine. The electrical power produce by the generator can be
variated depend on the needs.

Figure 2.2-2. Diesel Generator use on the ship

Source: https://dir.indiamart.com/mumbai/diesel-generator.html

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 Other than diesel generator, there are still many types of generator available right now. As
an example gas generator which using gas fuel to produce the mechanical energy, steam
generator which using steam to produce the mechanical energy, and nature generator which
using mechanical energy from the nature such as wind, water flow, wave, etc.

The using of generator is common in electrical propulsion, because the generator can
produce the electrical power for a longer time than a battery can stored and generator has a
longer lifetime than the battery.

There are also the disadvantages of the generator, it has complex system than battery, needs
a lot of maintenance, and also cost higher than battery.

2.2.2 BATTERY

Battery is kind of device which is used to store electrical energy where later on, the energy
can be distribute and use to power up the electrical load or sometimes being known as
electrochemical generators used as main or secondary energy sources.

There are two kind of batteries in general, prime battery and secondary battery. Prime battery
is a battery that only can be use once and couldnt be rechargeable, because the chemical
reaction cant be restore. Otherwise, the Secondary Battery is a rechargeable battery that can
be used multiple times, because the chemical reaction of the battery can be done like cycle.
When the battery is full, the electrode is in full condition and ready to supply the electricity,
after the battery is empty, the electrode can be recharge or regenerate by transfer the
electricity in oppose direction of the polarity inside the cell.

The requirement of the battery capacity on the ship come from the electrical power needed
to store and the time of electrical power needs. In this thesis the calculation of battery
capacity come from the electrical power needed on the ship such as propulsion system,
navigation system, deck equipment, and lightning. The electrical power needed for
navigation system, deck equipment, and lightning can be seen on the design of the vessel
before, but for the propulsion system it is need to recalculate, because the losses is different
between mechanical propulsion system and electrical propulsion system.

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 CHAPTER 3
METHODOLOGY
3.1 METHODOLOGY FLOW CHART

Start

Statement of Problem

Literature Study

Collecting Data
Ship Data
Motor Requirement
Fishing Ground
Characteristics

Calculate the Voyage

Distance

Determine the Optimum

Speed

Calculation of Motor
Power

Calculation of Battery
Capacity

Applicable
to the No
Change Type of Battery
Fishing
Vessel?
Yes

No
Reasonable?

Yes

Conclusion

End

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3.2 DEFINITION OF METHODOLOGY FLOW CHART
1. Statement of Problem
This stage is an early stage to construct the thesis. In this stage, questions and problems are
being prepared specifically in order to determine the specific objectives of this thesis. The
content of the thesis is to overcome the statement of the problems mentioned earlier and it will
be done by collect some information about the problems. Therefore, the purpose of this thesis
can be understood in this stage.
2. Literature Study
Right after the problems is raised, a literature study is performed. In this stage, literature will
be use to connect the problems with existing theories and facts from various sources. Since this
thesis is an implementation of many aspects discipline, various literature topics is required to
be constructed into one project. The study of literature is done by reading papers, journals,
thesis, media and literature books that relates and able to support this thesis.
3. Collecting Data
After literature study, the next stage is collecting data. Data collection is done by gather
information about the existed design of fishing vessel large or equal than 30 GT, electric motor
specification and requirement, and the fishing ground characteristic to know how much time
the fisherman will take to catching the fish on those area.
4. Calculate the Voyage Distance
The next stage after collecting data is calculating the voyage distance from land into the power
station and vice versa from power station into land. This data later on can be used for
determining the electrical motor power needed for propulsion of the ship. The calculation can
be done by using estimation of online map with addition of distance up to 5%.
5. Determine the Optimum Speed
This stage is to calculate the optimum speed of the fishing vessel should perform especially
when trip back to land. In determine the optimum speed, the distance from the power station
into the land and the time limit for the fish remain fresh by using the ice must be provided. The
optimum speed can be achieve if the fishing vessel can finish the voyage before the time limit
of the fish remain fresh pass the limit.
6. Calculation of Motor Power
By knowing the optimum speed, on this stage the calculation of motor power can be done. The
calculation of motor power is depend on the power required to move the ship in the optimum
speed, so in this stage the calculation will using the formula to calculate the power needed in
the factors of speed and ship resistance. The ship resistance can be achieved by using the existed
data or it can be calculated by the estimated formula of ship resistance.
7. Calculation of Battery Capacity
On this stage, the calculation of battery capacity need to install is performed. The steps are
collecting all the electrical loads on the fishing vessel and the time estimated of all the electrical
load will be consuming, then find out the ampere consumption for all electrical load and
multiply them with the time consumption to get the battery capacity in ampere hour. Last,
adding some reserve capacity around 10% until 15% for the uncommon situation and for
emergency.

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 CHAPTER 4
SCHEDULING
Month I Month II Month III Month IV
No Activity
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
1 Statement of Problems
2 Literature Study
3 Collecting Data
Calculate the Voyage
4
Distance
Determine the Optimum
5
Speed
6 Calculation of Motor Power
Calculation of Battery
7
Capacity
8 Conclusion and Suggestion

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 REFERENCE
Crompton, TR. 2000. Battery Reference Book: Third Edition. Oxford: Newnes.

Shaywer, M and Pizzali, AFM. 2003. The Use of Ice on Small Fishing Vessels. Rome: FAO Fisheries
Technical Paper

Potensi Perikanan Tangkap di Perairan Natuna. 2016. www.databoks.katadata.co.id. Web, 15 August

2017.

Perkiraan Cuaca Wilayah Pelayanan. 2017. www.maritim.bmkg.go.id. Web, 02 August 2017.

Statistik Daerah Kabupaten Natuna. 2015. Badan Pusat Statistik Kabupaten Natuna.

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