Objective

This experiment aims to determine the reaction equilibrium constant for the given reaction and to

compare the degree of ion exchange achieved by batch-wise contact and continuous contact in a fixed bed

unit.

Theoretical Background

Anion exchange chromatography is a form of ion exchange chromatography (IEX) where separation

of molecules is done based on surface charge difference. It uses a positively charged ion exchange resin

with an affinity for molecules that has negative surface charges. Anion exchange chromatography has a

stationary bed that has an ionically positive charged surface and a negatively charge sample ions. If the

sample is more negative, the stronger it will be attracted to the stationary phase, thus, it will elute longer.

Elution is affected by mobile phase pH and ionic strength.

Ion exchange solids are usually synthetic resins or polymers that can either have a positive or

negative charge. These resins contains sulfonic, carboxylic, or phenolic groups that can exchange cations.

(Equation 1)

(Equation 2)

R represents the solid resin that can be used to exchange with H + or other cations or with OH- or an ions

in a solution. Anion or cation exchanger, binding capacity, and particle size of the resin are some of the

factors affecting resin choice.

 By the use of law of mass, ion-exchange isotherms have been developed. Equation 1 at equilibrium

will give an equilibrium relationship of:

Where the total ionic group concentration [R] in the resin is constant

Thus,

Ion exchange is widely used for the separation and purification of charged biomolecules due to

its widely applicability, high capacity and simplicity, and high resolution. Other uses of it are in separation

and purification of blood components, quality control and process monitoring, food and clinical

researches, fermentation, etc.

V. Appendices

a. Graph

Constant resin

Chart Title
0.00012
conc'n KMnO4 before reaction

0.0001

0.00008

0.00006

0.00004

0.00002

0
96 96.5 97 97.5 98 98.5 99
% T after reaction
 Constant concentration

0.000012

conc'n KMnO4 before reaction

0.00001

0.000008

0.000006

0.000004

0.000002

0
96.5 97 97.5 98 98.5 99
% T after reaction

25

20
mass of resin

15

10

conc'n after mixing

 Fixed bed

100
90
80
70
% T before

60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
conc'n after

18
16
14
12
residence time

10
8
6
4
2
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
% T after
 18
16
14
12
residnece time

10
8
6
4
2
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
conc'n after

b. References: http//www.news-medical.net

Geankoplis, Tranport Processes and Unit Operations 3rd Ed