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Word formation: nouns
wffi
w
'wffi A fast way to expand your vocabulary is to make sure you know the different forms of tl
'*w.

ry_ words you learn.


ii**iF

#w*a
s*d$#
, Exercise1. The words in this list are all verbs. What are the noun forms? Write them in r
w"&d secondcolumn. The first one has been done for you as an example.
tr
#w
d@q L.
ee# diagnose diagnosis f. infect
,%&
2. examine 10. experience
M'P* 3. prescribe 11. replace
4. suffer 12. degenerate
5. operate 13. refer
'].,4.
6. cure exceed
7. recover 15. withdraw
B. analyse

Exercise 2. First, check your answers to Exercise L in the k"y. Then rewrite the sente
below, changing the verbs (which are in bold) to nouns. Do not change the meaning o
sentences, but be prepared to make granunatical changes if necessary. The first one has
done for you as an example.

1. I diagnosed that the patient had a heart 9. We found that the tissuewas infected.
condition. Wefound an
Mv- diaanosiswasthat tha oatienthad a
haartcondition. 10. He has experiencedsix years of tropi<
work.
2. I exami ned the patient fully. He hassix uears'
I madea ful LI

11,. We replaced the patient's hip.


3. I prescribeda courseof antibiotics. Thepatientutasgiaena htp
I wrotea

72. His condition has degenerated.


4. He suffered very little. There has beena
He experienced
aerylittle

13. The patient was referred to a speciali


5. We operated immediately. Thepatientwassiaena
The

1,4. The amount of sugar in the blood san


6. This disease cannot be cured. exceeded the norm.
There is no Thereu)asan

7. He has recovered fully. 15. This is the time to withdraw the drug
He has madea full treatment.
Thisis the timefor the

8. The lab analysed the blood sample.


The lab madean

Based
ontheDictionary of Medicine,thirdedition
rsBNr-90t659-45-3
@ PeterCollin PublishingLtd
Two-\Arordexpressions I o
-l

Make L5 two-word expressionsconnectedwith medicine by combining words from the two n I


lists: A and B. Match achexpressionwith the appropriate phrase.Use-eachword once.The
first one has been done for you as an example.
cr
F
he L
=:
A B
allergic
balanced
anaesthetic
attack
R
rl
f,
bedside death (fl
bone diet
brain intervention
circadian manner
clinical marrow
digestive practitioner
general reaction
general rhythm
nces heart surgery
f the malignant system
9een milk teeth
plastic trial
surgical tumour

1. Condition where the heart suffersfrom 9. Effect (suchas a skin rash or sneezing)
defectiveblood supply becauseone of the produced by a substanceto which a person
:al arteriesbecomesblocked by a blood clot. has an allergy.
hcart allacY

2. Substance given to make a patient lose 1 0 . Trial carried out in a medical laboratory on a
consciousness so that a major surgical patient or on tissue from a patient.
operation can be carried out.

1 1 . Cancer,a tumour which is cancerousand


3 . Soft tissuein cancellousbone. can reappearor spread into other tissue,
even if removed surgically.

4. Treatmentof illnessby surgery.


1 2 . Doctor who treatsmany patients in a district
for all types of illness,though not
5. A child's first fwenty teeth, which are specializingin any one branch of medicine.
gradually replaced by permanent teeth.

1 3 . Rhythm of daily activities and bodily


Ple processesfrequently controlled by
6. Surgery which repairs defective or deformed
parts of the body. hormones,which repeatsevery 24 hours.

7. Condition where the nerves in the brain 74. All the organs in the body that are
stem have died, and the patient can be associated with the digestion of food.
certified as dead, although the heart may not
have stopped beating.
1 5 . Diet that provides all the nutrients needed in
the correct proportions.
8. Way in which a doctor behaves towards a
patient (or a patient who is in bed).

Basedon theDictionary of Medicine, third edition


ISBN r-901659-45-3
O PeterCollinPublishing
Ltd
n
lr
(J Verbs2
rlt
{l} The sentencesin Column A contain examples of useful verbs in medicine.
In Column B
n there are definitions of the verbs. Read the examples and match the verbs (in
italics)with the
tf'- definitions. Then write the infinitive forms into the spaces in the definitions
in Column B.
1|-,'
The first one has been done for you as an example
o
{,
{rr Column A: Examples , Column B: Definitions
L-
($
l- 1. He was ad*it+ed this morning a) .--__ means to pass from one place to
another
2. The canceris not respondingtodrugs. b) mearsto damage or to hurt

3. Their diet lacksessentialproteins. c) means to go through or into


something

4. The doct ors saaedthe little boy from dy g d) means to make a hole through
of cancer. something

5. The end of the broken bone haspenetrated e) mears to investigate the inside
the liver. of something

6. The new heart has paformed very well. means to rescue someone or to
D
stop someonefrom being hurt or killed

7. The patient was transferredto a special unit. means not to have enough of
,
something

8. Shefaintedwhen she saw the blood. admif means to register a patient in a



hospital

9. The surgeonprobedthe wound with a ) means to stop something


-
scalpel. happening

10. Walking to work every day won,tlurm | means to react to something or


_
you. to begin to get better becauseof a treaEnent

L1. The treatment is given to prment the means to lose consciousnessor


) -
patient's condition from getting worse. to stop being conscious for a short time

L2. The ulcer perforatedthe duodenurn. mears to work or to do

t4 BasedonrheDictionary of Medicine,rhirdedition
rsBNt-901659-45-3
@ Peter Collin publishing Ltd
tr
ry

#
Word stress2
rtn
a*n
One of the keys to English pronunciation is stress - emphasis. There are three norrni
.ffi patterns for four-syllable words:
#
tr
m A: riltrtr vac-ci-na-ted B: Dr trD pneu-mo-ni-a C: trtrrtr in-flu-en-za
rsl
Fnld
sffi
m Exercise1. Complete the sentencesbelow Exercise 2. Decide which
#
k
using the four-syllablewords in the table.
The first questionhas been done for you as
pronunciation pattern is correct for
each of the words in the table and
ffi an example. tick the appropriate column

1. Sheappearedto be improving, but a complication


set in and she died a few hours later.
2 . Bell's Palsy causesfacial anaesthetic

3 . Come right now: it's an


"""tyr"
4. The patient was having difficulties breathing .i.."hti""
so we put him on a
at-r,"*c"t"
5 . She had an to replace the comea.
."*p"trbt"
6 . He was given a general before .*eti."tr""
the surgeonsbeganwork.
...rdi""t"
7. As a precautionagainstAIDS we use
needles. d.hydr"tr""

8. He can't take aspirin: he has an to it. d""r"*tt"t"d


cUsposable
9. Rub your hands togetherto get the
gomg.
"rn".g.*y
..p.ttt"""t
10. He couldn't the movements of -
his arms and legs. moePenoent

11. An was organised to test the it',t"1.t""*


drug on a small group of people. -
mallgnancy
t2. Testsconfirmed the of the growth.
"p"r"ti""
13. This is the allergen which was paralysis
for the patient's reaction.
p"".rttr"
74. showed that the food contained
bacteria. *rpt*t-
1 5 . The surgeons are trying to find a responsible
donor. saturated
16. A diet high in fats increases
the risk of heart disease.
17. The surseonv
to the studentshow
to make the incision.
18. As many as 60-70%of diarrhoeal deathsare
caused bv

19. Autistic children do not with anyone.

20. is a common antibiotic produced


from a fungus.

22 Basedon theDictionarv of Medicine. third edition


rsBN LbOrcSg-qS-t
O PeterCollinPublishingLtd
tr
!3ffi

{,}
Verbs:active/passive
ffi
#
tre
Change the sentences below from active to passive tense. For example:
tu& Active: TheGP referredthepatientto a consultant.
ffi Passive: Thepatientwasreferredto a consultantby the GP.
Ww
ffi Rememberthat it is not always necessaryto mention the subjectin a passivesentence.For
example:
ffi Active: Wehaueidentifiedthe causeof this outbreakof dysentery.
{nH#
S* Passive: Thecauseof this outbreakof dysenteryhasbeenidentified.
ffi
ffi l. The nurse noticed an acceleration in the patie4t's pulse rate.
Passiae:

2. The consultantis allowing him to watch the operation.


Passiue:.

3. All chemistssell the tablets.


Passiae:

4. The doctor diagnosedappendicitis.


Passiae:

5. The paramedicscomforted the injured personuntil the ambulancearrived.


Passiue:

6. The midwife delivered the twins.


Passiae:

7. The gland was producing an excessof hormones.


Passiae:

8. Th"y looked after him very well in hospital.


Passiue;

9. We examined the tissueunder the microscope.


Passiae:.

L0. The doctor gave me an unpleasantmixture to drink.


Passiae:

11. You cannot take the lotion orallv.


Passiae: .......

12. Toxic fumes poisonedthe workers.


Passiae:

13. Doctors are predicting a rise in casesof whooping cough.


Passiue:

14. The drug suppressesthe body's natural instinct to rejectthe transplantedtissue.


Passive:

l8 ontheDictionary of Medicine,thirdedition
Based
rsBN1-901659-45-3
@ PeterCollin PublishingLtd

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