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Assessment of Acoustic Properties of Biodegradable Composite
Materials with Textile Inserts
The paper focuses on the experimental evaluation of acoustic properties of biodegradable composite materials
with textile inserts used for products with a protective role in the urban habitat. The materials used in this
study are obtained from mixed wood and textile waste bonded together with ecological binders. In order to
determine the absorption and reflection coefficients, the samples were tested using the impedance tube
Bruel & Kjaer type, 4206 A, with a frequency range between 100 - 3200 Hz. It was concluded that the tested
specimens have shown a high absorption coefficient for the frequency range between 800 2800 Hz. It was
also noticed that the values of absorption coefficient depended on the type and quantity of binders. Based on
the experimental results, the composition of the tested materials will be improved in the future in order to
obtain a good absorption of the sound at low frequencies.
Keywords: absorption, reflection, composite, frequency, impedance tube
The sound absorption is one of the most important textiles (wool or jute) and binders as wheat flour, clay or
acoustical properties of the porous materials used for sound ecological acrylic copolymers as can be seen in figure 1.
insulation products having the role of sound barriers, walls, In the first stage, these types of materials obtained as
road surfaces [1]. Depending on the type of materials and agglomerated structures were formed in wooden molds
products, the range of frequencies and applications, the and then were prepared for measurements of sound
measurement methods of absorption coefficient vary and absorption coefficient.
they can be: the impedance tube method, ultrasound
method, extended surface method, guard tube method or
reverberant room method [2]. One of the widely used
methods to determine the acoustic properties (absorption
coefficient, impedance ratio, reflection coefficient) is the
international standardized impedance tube method.
In order to improve the acoustic absorption of materials
and attenuate the noise from industry or urban traffic,
different systems were developed based on recycling solid
waste (sterile municipal waste, wood chips, waste
polystyrene, slag or fly ash with polymer matrix). In unused
form these residues could harm the environment [3]. Fig. 1. The row materials used to obtain the
Another type of materials such polyester fiber, glass fiber biodegradable composites
and urethane foam were researched in order to determine
the sound transmission loss both theoretical and The characteristics of composite materials are
experimental [4]. The variation of sound absorption presented in table 1. The differences between samples
coefficient carried out by Kundts tube was determined for consist on the quantities of raw materials or the type of
the following materials: porous textile material, latex plate, binders, which conduct more or less to the compaction of
rigid plate consisting on textile waste, synthetic leather the particles. The basic of these materials is represented
glued on textile support [5, 6]. by wood flakes and wool. The binder and the amount of
This paper focuses on the assessment of the acoustical binder in the composition are different. All samples were
properties of new composite structures based on wood obtained in the same laboratory conditions, including the
chips and textile waste bonded together with ecological pressure parameter.
binders. In previous work, the density and thermal To determine the absorption coefficients, the set-up
conductivity coefficient were determined for each structure measurement chain presented in figure 2, was used. First,
and compared with the expanded and extruded polystyrene the equipment without samples was prepared, in order to
values [7]. configure the microphones and to calibrate them using
the calibration function from Pulse soft [ 8-10]. Then, each
Experimental part sample was properly inserted into the tube and the
Materials and methods measurements started (fig. 3). The generated noise was
In this study were used green and biodegradable connected to the amplifier and the tube filter emitted the
materials, found as inserts of wood (flakes or fibers) and set signals. The emitted signal and reflected signal were
* email: mariana.stanciu@unitbv.ro
68 http://www.revmaterialeplastice.ro MATERIALE PLASTICE 49 No. 1 2012
Table 1
CHARACTERISTICS OF AGGLOMERATED STRUCTURES
Table 3
ABSORPTION CLASSES [9]